WO2023153797A1 - 영상 인코딩/디코딩 방법 및 장치, 그리고 비트스트림을 저장한 기록 매체 - Google Patents
영상 인코딩/디코딩 방법 및 장치, 그리고 비트스트림을 저장한 기록 매체 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/11—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode among a plurality of spatial predictive coding modes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
- H04N19/103—Selection of coding mode or of prediction mode
- H04N19/105—Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode, e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
- H04N19/136—Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
- H04N19/14—Coding unit complexity, e.g. amount of activity or edge presence estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
- H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
- H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/593—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a video encoding/decoding method and apparatus, and a recording medium storing a bitstream.
- HD High Definition
- UHD Ultra High Definition
- An inter-prediction technique for predicting pixel values included in the current picture from pictures before or after the current picture as an image compression technique an intra-prediction technique for predicting pixel values included in the current picture using pixel information within the current picture, and an appearance frequency.
- an entropy coding technique in which a short code is assigned to a value with a high frequency of occurrence and a long code is assigned to a value with a low frequency of occurrence.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for selectively applying a position-dependent intra-sample correction method to prediction samples generated by a variation-based derivation method.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for applying a position-dependent intra-sample correction method according to an intra-prediction mode when a weighted sum of a plurality of prediction blocks is performed by a variation-based prediction mode derivation method.
- An image decoding method and apparatus derives an intra prediction mode of a current block based on a gradient between at least two samples belonging to a neighboring region adjacent to the current block, and configures a reference sample of the current block. and generate a prediction block of the current block based on the intra prediction mode and the reference sample.
- An image decoding method and apparatus when a plurality of intra prediction modes are derived based on the amount of change between the at least two samples, a plurality of temporary prediction blocks based on each of the plurality of derived intra prediction modes.
- a prediction block of the current block may be generated by generating and weighting a planar temporary prediction block generated by the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and a planar mode.
- the video decoding method and apparatus may modify a prediction block or a temporary prediction block of the current block by applying position dependent intra prediction to the current block.
- the position-dependent intra prediction may be performed according to whether each of the plurality of temporary prediction blocks is predicted by one of predefined intra prediction modes. It can be applied to each of the prediction blocks.
- the location-dependent intra prediction may be individually applied to the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- the position-dependent intra prediction may be applied only to the planner temporary prediction block among the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- the position-dependent intra prediction may include a prediction direction of the plurality of intra prediction modes, a magnitude of change of the plurality of intra prediction modes, or a weight applied to the weighted sum. Whether to apply may be determined based on at least one of the above.
- the position-dependent intra prediction may be applied only to a temporary prediction block generated by a main intra prediction mode having the largest variation among the plurality of intra prediction modes. there is.
- the position-dependent intra prediction may be applied to a prediction block of the current block obtained by weighting the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- whether or not the position-dependent intra prediction is applied is determined whether the main intra prediction mode having the largest variation among the plurality of intra prediction modes is among predefined intra prediction modes. It can be determined depending on whether there is one.
- position-dependent intra prediction may not be applied to the current block.
- An image encoding method and apparatus determine an intra prediction mode of a current block based on a gradient between at least two samples belonging to a neighboring region adjacent to the current block, and configure a reference sample of the current block. and generate a prediction block of the current block based on the intra prediction mode and the reference sample.
- a plurality of temporary prediction blocks are generated based on each of the determined plurality of intra prediction modes. and a weighted sum of the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and a planar temporary prediction block generated by a planar mode, thereby generating a prediction block of the current block.
- the video encoding method and apparatus may modify a prediction block or a temporary prediction block of the current block by applying position dependent intra prediction to the current block.
- the position-dependent intra prediction may be performed according to whether each of the plurality of temporary prediction blocks is predicted by one of predefined intra prediction modes. It can be applied to each of the prediction blocks.
- the position-dependent intra prediction may be individually applied to the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- the position-dependent intra prediction may be applied only to the planner temporary prediction block among the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- the location-dependent intra prediction may include a prediction direction of the plurality of intra prediction modes, a size of a variation of the plurality of intra prediction modes, or a weight applied to the weighted sum. Whether to apply may be determined based on at least one of the above.
- the position-dependent intra prediction may be applied only to a temporary prediction block generated by a main intra prediction mode having the largest variation among the plurality of intra prediction modes. there is.
- the position-dependent intra prediction may be applied to a prediction block of the current block obtained by weighting the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- whether or not the position-dependent intra prediction is applied is determined whether the main intra prediction mode having the largest variation among the plurality of intra prediction modes is among predefined intra prediction modes. It can be determined depending on whether there is one.
- a computer-readable digital storage medium in which encoded video/image information that causes an image decoding method to be performed by a decoding device according to the present disclosure is stored.
- a computer-readable digital storage medium in which video/image information generated by the video encoding method according to the present disclosure is stored is provided.
- a method and apparatus for transmitting video/image information generated according to the video encoding method according to the present disclosure are provided.
- the position-dependent intra-sample correction method can improve the discontinuity between the reference sample and the prediction sample to be solved while blending based on various prediction angles according to the variation-based induction method.
- the position-dependent intra-sample correction method By selectively applying the position-dependent intra-sample correction method, computational complexity can be improved and compression efficiency can be increased.
- a position-dependent intra-sample correction method is generally always applied to a planar mode prediction block
- implementation and design complexity can be reduced by providing consistency to the planar mode prediction method from a hardware design point of view.
- prediction performance can be improved by selectively applying a location-dependent intra-sample correction method to a prediction block generated by a variation-based derivation method, and the location-dependent intra-sample correction method processed in units of pixels.
- the computational complexity of can be improved.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a video/image coding system according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of an encoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied and encoding of a video/video signal is performed.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a decoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied and decoding of a video/image signal is performed.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an intra prediction method performed by a decoding apparatus as an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic configuration of an intra prediction unit 331 performing an intra prediction method according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an intra prediction method performed by an encoding device as an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic configuration of an intra prediction unit 222 performing an intra prediction method according to the present disclosure.
- FIG 8 shows an example of a content streaming system to which embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.
- first and second may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, a first element may be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element may be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
- the terms and/or include any combination of a plurality of related recited items or any of a plurality of related recited items.
- This disclosure relates to video/image coding.
- the method/embodiment disclosed herein may be applied to a method disclosed in a versatile video coding (VVC) standard.
- VVC versatile video coding
- the method/embodiment disclosed in this specification is an essential video coding (EVC) standard, an AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) standard, a 2nd generation of audio video coding standard (AVS2), or a next-generation video/video coding standard (ex. H.267 or H.268, etc.).
- EVC essential video coding
- AV1 AOMedia Video 1
- AVS2 2nd generation of audio video coding standard
- next-generation video/video coding standard ex. H.267 or H.268, etc.
- a video may mean a set of a series of images over time.
- a picture generally means a unit representing one image in a specific time period
- a slice/tile is a unit constituting a part of a picture in coding.
- a slice/tile may include one or more coding tree units (CTUs).
- CTUs coding tree units
- One picture may consist of one or more slices/tiles.
- One tile is a rectangular area composed of a plurality of CTUs in a specific tile column and a specific tile row of one picture.
- a tile column is a rectangular area of CTUs with a height equal to that of the picture and a width specified by the syntax request of the picture parameter set.
- a tile row is a rectangular area of CTUs with a height specified by the picture parameter set and a width equal to the width of the picture.
- CTUs within one tile are consecutively arranged according to the CTU raster scan, whereas tiles within one picture may be consecutively arranged according to the raster scan of the tile.
- One slice may contain an integer number of complete tiles or an integer number of contiguous complete CTU rows within a tile of a picture that may be exclusively included in a single NAL unit. Meanwhile, one picture may be divided into two or more subpictures.
- a subpicture can be a rectangular area of one or more slices within a picture.
- a pixel, pixel, or pel may mean a minimum unit constituting one picture (or image). Also, 'sample' may be used as a term corresponding to a pixel.
- a sample may generally represent a pixel or a pixel value, may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luma component, or only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.
- a unit may represent a basic unit of image processing.
- a unit may include at least one of a specific region of a picture and information related to the region.
- One unit may include one luma block and two chroma (eg cb, cr) blocks. Unit may be used interchangeably with terms such as block or area depending on the case.
- an MxN block may include samples (or a sample array) or a set (or array) of transform coefficients consisting of M columns and N rows.
- a or B may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”.
- a or B (A or B)” in the present specification may be interpreted as “A and / or B (A and / or B)”.
- A, B or C herein means “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C ( any combination of A, B and C)”.
- a slash (/) or comma (comma) used in this specification may mean “and/or”.
- A/B may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” can mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.
- A, B, C may mean “A, B or C”.
- At least one of A and B may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”.
- the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” means “at least one of A and B (at least one of A and B)”.
- At least one of A, B and C means “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “A, B and C”. It may mean any combination of A, B and C”. Also, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” means It can mean “at least one of A, B and C”.
- parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example”. Specifically, when “prediction (intra prediction)” is indicated, “intra prediction” may be suggested as an example of “prediction”. In other words, “prediction” in this specification is not limited to “intra prediction”, and “intra prediction” may be suggested as an example of “prediction”. Also, even when indicated as “prediction (ie, intra prediction)”, “intra prediction” may be suggested as an example of “prediction”.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a video/image coding system according to the present disclosure.
- a video/image coding system may include a first device (source device) and a second device (receive device).
- the source device may transmit encoded video/image information or data to a receiving device in a file or streaming form through a digital storage medium or network.
- the source device may include a video source, an encoding device, and a transmission unit.
- the receiving device may include a receiving unit, a decoding device, and a renderer.
- the encoding device may be referred to as a video/image encoding device, and the decoding device may be referred to as a video/image decoding device.
- a transmitter may be included in an encoding device.
- a receiver may be included in a decoding device.
- the renderer may include a display unit, and the display unit may be configured as a separate device or an external component.
- a video source may acquire video/images through a process of capturing, synthesizing, or generating video/images.
- a video source may include a video/image capture device and/or a video/image generation device.
- a video/image capture device may include one or more cameras, a video/image archive containing previously captured video/images, and the like.
- Video/image generating devices may include computers, tablets and smart phones, etc., and may (electronically) generate video/images.
- a virtual video/image may be generated through a computer or the like, and in this case, a video/image capture process may be replaced by a process of generating related data.
- An encoding device may encode an input video/image.
- the encoding device may perform a series of procedures such as prediction, transformation, and quantization for compression and coding efficiency.
- Encoded data (encoded video/video information) may be output in the form of a bitstream.
- the transmission unit may transmit the encoded video/image information or data output in the form of a bit stream to the receiving unit of the receiving device in the form of a file or streaming through a digital storage medium or a network.
- Digital storage media may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- the transmission unit may include an element for generating a media file through a predetermined file format, and may include an element for transmission through a broadcasting/communication network.
- the receiving unit may receive/extract the bitstream and transmit it to a decoding device.
- the decoding device may decode video/images by performing a series of procedures such as inverse quantization, inverse transformation, and prediction corresponding to operations of the encoding device.
- the renderer may render the decoded video/image.
- the rendered video/image may be displayed through the display unit.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram of an encoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied and encoding of a video/video signal is performed.
- the encoding device 200 includes an image partitioner 210, a predictor 220, a residual processor 230, an entropy encoder 240, It may include an adder 250, a filter 260, and a memory 270.
- the prediction unit 220 may include an inter prediction unit 221 and an intra prediction unit 222 .
- the residual processing unit 230 may include a transformer 232 , a quantizer 233 , a dequantizer 234 , and an inverse transformer 235 .
- the residual processing unit 230 may further include a subtractor 231 .
- the adder 250 may be called a reconstructor or a reconstructed block generator.
- the above-described image segmentation unit 210, prediction unit 220, residual processing unit 230, entropy encoding unit 240, adder 250, and filtering unit 260 may be one or more hardware components ( For example, it may be configured by an encoding device chipset or processor).
- the memory 270 may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB) and may be configured by a digital storage medium.
- the hardware component may further include a memory 270 as an internal/external component.
- the image divider 210 may divide an input image (or picture or frame) input to the encoding device 200 into one or more processing units.
- the processing unit may be called a coding unit (CU).
- the coding unit may be partitioned recursively from a coding tree unit (CTU) or a largest coding unit (LCU) according to a quad-tree binary-tree ternary-tree (QTBTTT) structure.
- CTU coding tree unit
- LCU largest coding unit
- QTBTTT quad-tree binary-tree ternary-tree
- one coding unit may be divided into a plurality of coding units having a deeper depth based on a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and/or a ternary structure.
- a quad tree structure may be applied first and a binary tree structure and/or ternary structure may be applied later.
- the binary tree structure may be applied before the quad tree structure.
- a coding procedure according to the present specification may be performed based on a final coding unit that is not further divided.
- the largest coding unit can be directly used as the final coding unit, or the coding unit is recursively divided into coding units of lower depths as needed, A coding unit having a size of may be used as a final coding unit.
- the coding procedure may include procedures such as prediction, transformation, and restoration to be described later.
- the processing unit may further include a prediction unit (PU) or a transform unit (TU).
- the prediction unit and the transform unit may be divided or partitioned from the above-described final coding unit, respectively.
- the prediction unit may be a unit of sample prediction
- the transform unit may be a unit for deriving transform coefficients and/or a unit for deriving a residual signal from transform coefficients.
- an MxN block may represent a set of samples or transform coefficients consisting of M columns and N rows.
- a sample may generally represent a pixel or a pixel value, may represent only a pixel/pixel value of a luma component, or only a pixel/pixel value of a chroma component.
- a sample may be used as a term corresponding to one picture (or image) to a pixel or pel.
- the encoding device 200 subtracts the prediction signal (prediction block, prediction sample array) output from the inter prediction unit 221 or the intra prediction unit 222 from the input video signal (original block, original sample array) to obtain a residual signal (residual signal, residual block, residual sample array) may be generated, and the generated residual signal is transmitted to the conversion unit 232.
- a unit for subtracting a prediction signal (prediction block, prediction sample array) from an input video signal (original block, original sample array) in the encoding device 200 may be called a subtraction unit 231 .
- the prediction unit 220 may perform prediction on a block to be processed (hereinafter referred to as a current block) and generate a predicted block including predicted samples of the current block.
- the predictor 220 may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied in units of current blocks or CUs.
- the prediction unit 220 may generate and transmit various types of information related to prediction, such as prediction mode information, to the entropy encoding unit 240, as will be described later in the description of each prediction mode. Prediction-related information may be encoded in the entropy encoding unit 240 and output in the form of a bitstream.
- the intra predictor 222 may predict a current block by referring to samples in the current picture.
- the referenced samples may be located in the neighborhood of the current block or may be located apart from the current block by a predetermined distance according to a prediction mode.
- prediction modes may include one or more non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes.
- the non-directional mode may include at least one of a DC mode and a planar mode.
- the directional mode may include 33 directional modes or 65 directional modes according to the degree of detail of the prediction direction. However, this is an example, and more or less directional modes may be used according to settings.
- the intra predictor 222 may determine a prediction mode applied to the current block by using a prediction mode applied to neighboring blocks.
- the inter-prediction unit 221 may derive a prediction block for a current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on a reference picture.
- motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on correlation of motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction information (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.).
- a neighboring block may include a spatial neighboring block present in the current picture and a temporal neighboring block present in the reference picture.
- a reference picture including the reference block and a reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be the same or different.
- the temporal neighboring block may be called a collocated reference block, a collocated CU (colCU), and the like, and a reference picture including the temporal neighboring block may be called a collocated picture (colPic).
- the inter-prediction unit 221 constructs a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks, and provides information indicating which candidate is used to derive the motion vector and/or reference picture index of the current block. can create Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes. For example, in the case of skip mode and merge mode, the inter prediction unit 221 may use motion information of neighboring blocks as motion information of the current block. In the case of the skip mode, the residual signal may not be transmitted unlike the merge mode. In the case of motion vector prediction (MVP) mode, the motion vector of the current block is used as a motion vector predictor and the motion vector difference is signaled. can be instructed.
- MVP motion
- the prediction unit 220 may generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods described below.
- the predictor may apply intra-prediction or inter-prediction to predict one block, as well as apply intra-prediction and inter-prediction at the same time. This may be called a combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode.
- the prediction unit may be based on an intra block copy (IBC) prediction mode or a palette mode for block prediction.
- IBC intra block copy
- the IBC prediction mode or the palette mode can be used for video/video coding of content such as games, such as screen content coding (SCC).
- IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but may be performed similarly to inter prediction in that a reference block is derived within the current picture.
- IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this specification.
- Palette mode can be viewed as an example of intra coding or intra prediction.
- a sample value within a picture may be signaled based on information about a palette table and a palette index.
- the prediction signal generated by the prediction unit 220 may be used to generate a restored signal or a residual signal.
- the transform unit 232 may generate transform coefficients by applying a transform technique to the residual signal.
- the transform technique uses at least one of a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), a Discrete Sine Transform (DST), a Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT), a Graph-Based Transform (GBT), or a Conditionally Non-linear Transform (CNT).
- DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
- DST Discrete Sine Transform
- KLT Karhunen-Loeve Transform
- GBT Graph-Based Transform
- CNT Conditionally Non-linear Transform
- GBT means a transformation obtained from the graph when relation information between pixels is expressed as a graph.
- CNT means a transformation obtained by generating a prediction signal using all previously reconstructed pixels, and based thereon.
- the conversion process may be applied to square pixel blocks having the same size, or may be applied to non-square blocks of variable size.
- the quantization unit 233 quantizes the transform coefficients and transmits them to the entropy encoding unit 240, and the entropy encoding unit 240 may encode the quantized signal (information on the quantized transform coefficients) and output it as a bitstream. there is. Information about the quantized transform coefficients may be referred to as residual information.
- the quantization unit 233 may rearrange block-type quantized transform coefficients into a one-dimensional vector form based on a coefficient scan order, and the quantized transform coefficients based on the one-dimensional vector form quantized transform coefficients. Information about transform coefficients may be generated.
- the entropy encoding unit 240 may perform various encoding methods such as exponential Golomb, context-adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), and context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC).
- the entropy encoding unit 240 may encode together or separately information necessary for video/image reconstruction (eg, values of syntax elements, etc.) in addition to quantized transform coefficients.
- Encoded information may be transmitted or stored in a network abstraction layer (NAL) unit unit in the form of a bitstream.
- the video/video information may further include information on various parameter sets such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- information and/or syntax elements transmitted/signaled from an encoding device to a decoding device may be included in video/image information.
- the video/image information may be encoded through the above-described encoding procedure and included in the bitstream.
- the bitstream may be transmitted through a network or stored in a digital storage medium.
- the network may include a broadcasting network and/or a communication network
- the digital storage medium may include various storage media such as USB, SD, CD, DVD, Blu-ray, HDD, and SSD.
- a transmission unit (not shown) for transmitting the signal output from the entropy encoding unit 240 and/or a storage unit (not shown) for storing may be configured as internal/external elements of the encoding device 200, or the transmission unit It may also be included in the entropy encoding unit 240.
- the quantized transform coefficients output from the quantization unit 233 may be used to generate a prediction signal.
- a residual signal residual block or residual samples
- the adder 250 adds the reconstructed residual signal to the prediction signal output from the inter predictor 221 or the intra predictor 222 to obtain a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) can be created
- a predicted block may be used as a reconstruction block.
- the adder 250 may be called a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of a block to be processed next in the current picture, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture after filtering as described later.
- LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
- the filtering unit 260 may improve subjective/objective picture quality by applying filtering to the reconstructed signal. For example, the filtering unit 260 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and store the modified reconstructed picture in the memory 270, specifically the memory 270. It can be stored in DPB.
- the various filtering methods may include deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, and the like.
- the filtering unit 260 may generate various types of filtering-related information and transmit them to the entropy encoding unit 240 . Filtering-related information may be encoded in the entropy encoding unit 240 and output in the form of a bit stream.
- the modified reconstructed picture transmitted to the memory 270 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 221 .
- the encoding device can avoid prediction mismatch between the encoding device 200 and the decoding device, and can also improve encoding efficiency.
- the DPB of the memory 270 may store the modified reconstructed picture to be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 221 .
- the memory 270 may store motion information of a block in a current picture from which motion information is derived (or encoded) and/or motion information of blocks in a previously reconstructed picture.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 221 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 270 may store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture and transfer them to the intra predictor 222 .
- FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a decoding device to which an embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied and decoding of a video/image signal is performed.
- the decoding device 300 includes an entropy decoder 310, a residual processor 320, a predictor 330, an adder 340, and a filtering unit. (filter, 350) and memory (memoery, 360).
- the prediction unit 330 may include an inter prediction unit 331 and an intra prediction unit 332 .
- the residual processing unit 320 may include a dequantizer 321 and an inverse transformer 321 .
- the aforementioned entropy decoding unit 310, residual processing unit 320, prediction unit 330, adder 340, and filtering unit 350 may be configured as one hardware component (for example, a decoding device chipset or processor).
- the memory 360 may include a decoded picture buffer (DPB) and may be configured by a digital storage medium.
- the hardware component may further include a memory 360 as an internal/external component.
- the decoding device 300 may restore an image corresponding to a process in which the video/image information is processed by the encoding device of FIG. 2 .
- the decoding device 300 may derive units/blocks based on block division related information obtained from the bitstream.
- the decoding device 300 may perform decoding using a processing unit applied in the encoding device.
- a processing unit of decoding may be a coding unit, and a coding unit may be one divided from a coding tree unit or a largest coding unit according to a quad tree structure, a binary tree structure, and/or a ternary tree structure.
- One or more transform units may be derived from a coding unit.
- the restored video signal decoded and output through the decoding device 300 may be reproduced through a playback device.
- the decoding device 300 may receive a signal output from the encoding device of FIG. 2 in the form of a bitstream, and the received signal may be decoded through the entropy decoding unit 310 .
- the entropy decoding unit 310 may parse the bitstream to derive information (eg, video/image information) required for image restoration (or picture restoration).
- the video/video information may further include information on various parameter sets such as an adaptation parameter set (APS), a picture parameter set (PPS), a sequence parameter set (SPS), or a video parameter set (VPS).
- the video/image information may further include general constraint information.
- the decoding device may decode a picture further based on the information about the parameter set and/or the general restriction information.
- Signaling/received information and/or syntax elements described later in this specification may be obtained from the bitstream by being decoded through the decoding procedure.
- the entropy decoding unit 310 decodes information in a bitstream based on a coding method such as exponential Golomb coding, CAVLC, or CABAC, and values of syntax elements required for image reconstruction and quantized values of residual transform coefficients. can output them.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method receives bins corresponding to each syntax element in a bitstream, and converts syntax element information to be decoded and decoding information of neighboring and decoding object blocks or symbol/bin information decoded in a previous step.
- a symbol corresponding to the value of each syntax element can be generated by determining a context model, predicting the probability of occurrence of a bin according to the determined context model, and performing arithmetic decoding of the bin.
- the CABAC entropy decoding method may update the context model by using information of the decoded symbol/bin for the context model of the next symbol/bin after determining the context model.
- prediction-related information is provided to the prediction unit (inter prediction unit 332 and intra prediction unit 331), and entropy decoding is performed by the entropy decoding unit 310.
- Dual values that is, quantized transform coefficients and related parameter information may be input to the residual processing unit 320 .
- the residual processor 320 may derive a residual signal (residual block, residual samples, residual sample array). Also, among information decoded by the entropy decoding unit 310 , information about filtering may be provided to the filtering unit 350 . Meanwhile, a receiving unit (not shown) receiving a signal output from the encoding device may be further configured as an internal/external element of the decoding device 300, or the receiving unit may be a component of the entropy decoding unit 310.
- the decoding device may be referred to as a video/video/picture decoding device, and the decoding device includes an information decoding device (video/video/picture information decoding device) and a sample decoding device (video/video/picture sample decoding). devices) can be distinguished.
- the information decoding device may include the entropy decoding unit 310, and the sample decoding device may include the inverse quantization unit 321, an inverse transform unit 322, an adder 340, a filtering unit 350, a memory 360, an inter predictor 332, and an intra predictor 331 may be included.
- the inverse quantization unit 321 may inversely quantize the quantized transform coefficients and output transform coefficients.
- the inverse quantization unit 321 may rearrange the quantized transform coefficients in the form of a 2D block. In this case, the rearrangement may be performed based on a coefficient scanning order performed by the encoding device.
- the inverse quantization unit 321 may perform inverse quantization on quantized transform coefficients using a quantization parameter (eg, quantization step size information) and obtain transform coefficients.
- a quantization parameter eg, quantization step size information
- a residual signal (residual block, residual sample array) is obtained by inverse transforming the transform coefficients.
- the predictor 320 may perform prediction on a current block and generate a predicted block including predicted samples of the current block.
- the prediction unit 320 may determine whether intra prediction or inter prediction is applied to the current block based on the information about the prediction output from the entropy decoding unit 310, and determine a specific intra/inter prediction mode.
- the prediction unit 320 may generate a prediction signal based on various prediction methods described later.
- the predictor 320 may apply intra-prediction or inter-prediction to predict one block, and may simultaneously apply intra-prediction and inter-prediction. This may be called a combined inter and intra prediction (CIIP) mode.
- the prediction unit may be based on an intra block copy (IBC) prediction mode or a palette mode for block prediction.
- IBC intra block copy
- the IBC prediction mode or the palette mode can be used for video/video coding of content such as games, such as screen content coding (SCC).
- SCC screen content coding
- IBC basically performs prediction within the current picture, but may be performed similarly to inter prediction in that a reference block is derived within the current picture. That is, IBC may use at least one of the inter prediction techniques described in this specification.
- Palette mode can be viewed as an example of intra coding or intra prediction. When the palette mode is applied, information on a palette table and a palette index may be included in the video/
- the intra predictor 331 may predict a current block by referring to samples in the current picture.
- the referenced samples may be located in the neighborhood of the current block or may be located apart from the current block by a predetermined distance according to a prediction mode.
- prediction modes may include one or more non-directional modes and a plurality of directional modes.
- the intra prediction unit 331 may determine a prediction mode applied to the current block by using a prediction mode applied to neighboring blocks.
- the inter-prediction unit 332 may derive a prediction block for a current block based on a reference block (reference sample array) specified by a motion vector on a reference picture.
- motion information may be predicted in units of blocks, subblocks, or samples based on correlation of motion information between neighboring blocks and the current block.
- the motion information may include a motion vector and a reference picture index.
- the motion information may further include inter prediction direction information (L0 prediction, L1 prediction, Bi prediction, etc.).
- a neighboring block may include a spatial neighboring block present in the current picture and a temporal neighboring block present in the reference picture.
- the inter-prediction unit 332 may construct a motion information candidate list based on neighboring blocks and derive a motion vector and/or reference picture index of the current block based on the received candidate selection information. Inter prediction may be performed based on various prediction modes, and the prediction-related information may include information indicating an inter prediction mode for the current block.
- the adder 340 adds the obtained residual signal to the prediction signal (prediction block, prediction sample array) output from the prediction unit (including the inter prediction unit 332 and/or the intra prediction unit 331) to obtain a reconstructed signal (reconstructed picture, reconstructed block, reconstructed sample array) can be created.
- a prediction block may be used as a reconstruction block.
- the adder 340 may be called a restoration unit or a restoration block generation unit.
- the generated reconstructed signal may be used for intra prediction of the next block to be processed in the current picture, output after filtering as described below, or may be used for inter prediction of the next picture. Meanwhile, luma mapping with chroma scaling (LMCS) may be applied in a picture decoding process.
- LMCS luma mapping with chroma scaling
- the filtering unit 350 may improve subjective/objective picture quality by applying filtering to the reconstructed signal.
- the filtering unit 350 may generate a modified reconstructed picture by applying various filtering methods to the reconstructed picture, and store the modified reconstructed picture in the memory 360, specifically the DPB of the memory 360. can be sent to
- the various filtering methods may include deblocking filtering, sample adaptive offset, adaptive loop filter, bilateral filter, and the like.
- a (modified) reconstructed picture stored in the DPB of the memory 360 may be used as a reference picture in the inter prediction unit 332 .
- the memory 360 may store motion information of a block in the current picture from which motion information is derived (or decoded) and/or motion information of blocks in a previously reconstructed picture.
- the stored motion information may be transmitted to the inter prediction unit 260 to be used as motion information of a spatial neighboring block or motion information of a temporal neighboring block.
- the memory 360 may store reconstructed samples of reconstructed blocks in the current picture and transfer them to the intra prediction unit 331 .
- the embodiments described in the filtering unit 260, the inter prediction unit 221, and the intra prediction unit 222 of the encoding device 200 are the filtering unit 350 and the inter prediction of the decoding device 300, respectively.
- the same or corresponding to the unit 332 and the intra predictor 331 may be applied.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an intra prediction method performed by a decoding apparatus as an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- the decoding device may derive an intra prediction mode of a current block (S400).
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived from pre-defined intra prediction modes in the decoding device.
- the pre-defined intra prediction modes may include a non-directional mode and a directional mode.
- the non-directional mode may include at least one of a planar mode and a DC mode.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived based on a most proabable mode (MPM) or may be derived based on a variation based on at least two samples belonging to a neighboring region of the current block.
- MPM most proabable mode
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived based on signaled intra prediction mode information.
- the intra prediction mode information includes one or more flags and/or indexes, which will be described later, and based on this, the intra prediction mode of the current block can be derived.
- Intra prediction modes pre-defined in the decoding device may be divided into K groups.
- K may be an integer of 2, 3, 4, or more.
- the pre-defined intra prediction modes are classified into three groups, and the three groups are referred to as first to third groups.
- the first group may include one or more non-directional modes.
- the non-directional mode may mean at least one of a planar mode and a DC mode.
- the second group may be called an MPM list, and may include a plurality of most probable modes (MPMs).
- the plurality of MPMs may include at least one of an intra prediction mode, a derived mode, and a default mode of neighboring blocks adjacent to the current block.
- the neighboring block may include at least one of a left block, an upper block, a lower left block, an upper right block, or an upper left block. Modes of the neighboring blocks may be sequentially added to the MPM list according to the order of priority among the neighboring blocks.
- the priority order may be defined in the order of the left block, the upper block, the lower left block, the upper right block, and the upper left block, or the upper block, the left block, the lower left block, the upper right block, and the upper left block. there is.
- the priority order may be adaptively determined based on the size and/or shape of the current block.
- the priority order of an upper block, a left block, a lower left block, an upper right block, and an upper left block may be used.
- the width of the current block is greater than the height
- the priority order of the left block, the upper block, the lower left block, the upper right block, and the upper left block may be used.
- the derived mode may be derived by adding or subtracting an offset from the intra prediction mode of the neighboring block.
- the derived mode may be derived by adding or subtracting an offset from a default mode to be described later.
- the offset may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, 4, or more.
- the derived mode may be derived based on a neighboring block having a higher priority among the aforementioned neighboring blocks.
- the derived mode may not be derived based on a neighboring block having a lower priority among the aforementioned neighboring blocks.
- a neighboring block having a high priority may include at least one of a left block and an upper block.
- a neighboring block having a low priority may include at least one of a lower left block, an upper right block, or an upper left block.
- the derived mode may not be derived based on the intra prediction mode of the neighboring block.
- the default mode may refer to a pre-defined mode in a decoding device to construct an MPM list.
- the default mode may include at least one of a planar mode, a DC mode, a horizontal mode, a vertical mode, and a diagonal mode.
- the diagonal mode may mean one or more of a lower left diagonal mode, an upper left diagonal mode, and an upper right diagonal mode.
- the second group may be divided into two sub-groups, which are referred to as a primary MPM list and a secondary MPM list.
- the MPM list is composed of N MPMs
- the top M MPMs belonging to the MPM list may be included in the first MPM list
- the (N-M) remaining MPMs may be included in the second MPM list.
- the first MPM list may include MPMs with indices of 0 to (M-1) belonging to the MPM list.
- N may mean the maximum number of MPMs that can be included in the MPM list.
- M means the maximum number of MPMs that can be included in the first MPM list, and for example, M may be an integer of 3, 4, 5, 6, or more.
- the third group may include remaining modes not belonging to the first and second groups among the pre-defined intra prediction modes.
- the first group is defined as a separate group distinguished from the second group, but is not limited thereto.
- the first group and the second group may be defined as one group, and in this case, the non-directional mode of the first group may be any one of the MPMs included in the MPM list of the second group.
- One or more flags may be signaled to specify a group and/or sub-group to which the same mode as the intra prediction mode of the current block belongs.
- the flag includes a first flag indicating whether the same mode as the intra prediction mode of the current block belongs to the first group, and whether the same mode as the intra prediction mode of the current block belongs to the second group (ie, the MPM list).
- an index specifying one of a plurality of MPMs belonging to the second group may be signaled.
- An intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived based on the MPM specified by the index.
- an index specifying one of a plurality of MPMs belonging to the first MPM list may be signaled.
- An intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived based on the MPM specified by the index.
- an index specifying one of a plurality of MPMs belonging to the second MPM list may be signaled.
- An intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived based on the MPM specified by the index.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived based on the signaled index.
- the signaling of the index may be omitted.
- the aforementioned flags may be signaled with dependencies between the flags.
- the first flag may be parsed after the second flag is parsed from the bitstream. The first flag may be parsed when the second flag is True.
- the second flag may be parsed after the first flag is parsed from the bitstream. The second flag may be parsed when the first flag is False. If the second flag is True, the third flag (or fourth flag) will be parsed from the bitstream, and if the second flag is False, the third flag (or fourth flag) will not be parsed from the bitstream. can Alternatively, the fourth flag may be parsed after the third flag is parsed from the bitstream. The fourth flag may be parsed when the third flag is False.
- the amount of change may be calculated based on at least two samples belonging to an area surrounding the current block.
- the change amount may include at least one of a change amount in a horizontal direction or a change amount in a vertical direction.
- An intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived based on at least one of the calculated amount of change in the horizontal direction or amount of change in the vertical direction.
- the amount of change may be determined based on the sum of the amount of change in the horizontal direction and the amount of change in the vertical direction.
- one intra prediction mode may be derived for the current block, or two or more intra prediction modes may be derived.
- the variation-based derivation method may be referred to as a decoder-side intra mode derivation (DIMD) mode.
- the variance-based derivation method may be used by deriving intra prediction mode information from an encoder and a decoder without directly transmitting the intra prediction mode information.
- one or more intra prediction modes may be derived from the reconstructed neighboring samples.
- one or more prediction modes may be derived based on the amount of change calculated from the reconstructed neighboring samples according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- one or more intra prediction modes may be derived from the reconstructed neighboring samples.
- the maximum number of intra prediction modes derived through the variance-based derivation method may be predefined in an encoder/decoder.
- the maximum number of intra prediction modes derived through the variance-based derivation method may be N.
- N can be defined as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.
- a default mode may be set when a neighboring pixel cannot be utilized or a directionality of a neighboring block cannot be specified. At this time, the default mode may be set to a non-directional mode. The default mode can be set to planner mode. The default mode may be set to planar mode and/or DC mode.
- a predictor (which may be referred to as a prediction sample, a prediction block) obtained by the derived intra prediction mode is a predictor obtained by the planner mode (which may be abbreviated as a planner mode predictor) and can be combined
- the predictor obtained by the derived intra prediction mode may be weighted summed with the planar mode predictor.
- the weight used for the weighted sum may be determined based on the amount of change calculated from the reconstructed neighboring samples according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a predictor obtained by the derived intra prediction mode may be combined with a planner mode predictor.
- the predictor obtained by one induced intra prediction mode without combining (or weighted sum) with the planner mode predictor is the variance It can be output as a prediction sample or a prediction block by a based derivation method.
- the amount of change may be calculated in units of windows having a predetermined size. Based on the calculated amount of change, an angle representing the direction of the sample within the corresponding window may be calculated. The calculated angle may correspond to any one of the aforementioned pre-defined intra prediction modes. The amount of change may be stored/updated for an intra prediction mode corresponding to the calculated angle. In the present disclosure, the amount of change may be referred to as an amplitude of the amount of change, a histogram amplitude, a histogram size, and the like.
- an intra prediction mode corresponding to the calculated amount of change may be determined for each window. The amount of change may be stored/updated for the determined intra prediction mode.
- the top T intra prediction modes having the largest size among the stored variations may be selected, and the selected intra prediction mode may be set as an intra prediction mode of the current block.
- T may be an integer of 1, 2, 3, or more.
- the neighboring area of the current block may be a left side, an upper left side, or an upper side area of the current block.
- the amount of change in the horizontal direction and the amount of change in the vertical direction can be derived from the rows and columns of the second neighboring sample.
- the row and/or column of the second neighboring sample may represent a row and/or column located immediately after the row and column of neighboring samples immediately adjacent to the current block.
- a histogram HoG of change may be derived from the derived amount of change in the horizontal direction and the amount of change in the vertical direction.
- the change amount or histogram of the change amount may be derived by applying a window using L-shaped rows and columns of 3 pixels (or pixel lines) around the current block.
- the window may be defined to have a size of 3x3. However, as an example, it is not limited thereto, and the window may be defined to have a size of 2x2, 4x4, or 5x5. Also, as an example, the window may be a Sobel filter.
- two or more intra prediction modes having the largest amount of change (or amplitude) may be selected.
- a final prediction block may be generated by blending (or combining, weighted summing) prediction blocks predicted using the selected intra prediction modes and prediction blocks predicted using the planner mode.
- the weight applied to each prediction block may be derived based on the histogram amplitude. For example, when two intra prediction modes are derived and weighted summed with the planner mode predictor, the weight may be determined as in Equation 1 below.
- Equation 1 M 1 represents a first intra prediction mode among the two derived intra prediction modes, and M 2 represents a second intra prediction mode among the two derived intra prediction modes.
- ⁇ 1 represents the weight applied to the prediction block predicted by M 1
- ⁇ 2 represents the weight applied to the prediction block predicted by M 2
- ⁇ 3 represents the weight applied to the prediction block predicted by the planner mode. represents the weight.
- Equation 1 is an example, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
- the neighboring area used to calculate the amount of change is an area previously restored to the current block, and may include at least one of a left area, an upper area, an upper left area, a lower left area, or an upper right area adjacent to the current block. there is.
- the peripheral area includes at least one of a neighboring sample line adjacent to the current block, a first non-neighboring sample line separated by 1 sample from the current block, and a second non-neighboring sample line separated by 2 samples from the current block. can do. However, it is not limited thereto, and a non-neighboring sample line separated from the current block by N samples may be further included, and N may be an integer greater than or equal to 3.
- the peripheral area may be a pre-defined area identically to the encoding device and the decoding device in order to calculate the amount of change.
- the surrounding area may be variably determined based on information specifying the location of the surrounding area. In this case, information specifying the location of the neighboring area may be signaled through a bitstream.
- the location of the surrounding area may include whether the current block is located at the boundary of a coding tree unit, the size of the current block (eg, width, height, ratio of width to height, product of width and height), current block It may be determined based on at least one of a division type of the , a prediction mode of the surrounding area, or the availability of the surrounding area.
- the current block when the current block is located at the top boundary of the coding tree unit, at least one of the top area, the top left area, or the top right area of the current block may not be referred to in order to calculate the amount of change.
- the width of the current block is greater than the height, either the top area or the left area (eg, the top area) is referred to for calculating the amount of change, and the other (eg, left area) is used to calculate the amount of change. may not be referenced.
- the width of the current block is smaller than the height
- either the top area or the left area (eg, the left area) is referenced to calculate the amount of change
- the other eg, top area
- the upper region may not be referred to for calculating the amount of change.
- the left region may not be referred to for calculating the amount of change.
- the neighboring area may not be referred to for calculating the amount of change.
- the corresponding neighboring area may be referred to to calculate the amount of change.
- the aforementioned variance-based derivation method may be used adaptively based on a predetermined flag (Dimd_flag).
- the flag may indicate whether the intra prediction mode of the current block is derived based on the amount of change calculated from the neighboring region adjacent to the current block. For example, when the flag is a first value, the intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived through a variance-based derivation method, and when the flag is a second value, the intra prediction mode of the current block is a variance-based prediction mode. It may not be induced by an induction method.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be induced by various other intra prediction methods other than the variance-based prediction mode derivation method.
- Various other intra-prediction methods may be considered for intra-prediction in a lower order than the variation-based prediction mode derivation method.
- the various other intra prediction methods include an intra template matching prediction method, a geometric division prediction method, a reference sample line selection prediction method, a template-based prediction mode derivation method, a matrix-based intra prediction method, and a sub-prediction of an intra prediction mode. It may include at least one of a block division prediction method, an MPM-based prediction mode derivation method, and a non-MPM-based prediction mode derivation method.
- Whether or not the variance-based derivation method is available may be determined based on a flag signaled at a level of at least one of a video sequence, a picture, a picture header, and a slice header.
- the variation-based derivation method may refer to a method of deriving an intra prediction mode based on a gradient calculated from an area surrounding a current block in terms of a decoding device.
- the decoding device may construct a reference sample of the current block (S410).
- a reference sample for intra prediction of the current block may be determined from one or more reference sample lines.
- the current block may use one reference sample line or two or more reference sample lines.
- a reference sample line for intra prediction of the current block may be selected from a plurality of reference sample line candidates pre-defined identically to the encoding device and the decoding device.
- the plurality of pre-defined reference sample line candidates include a first reference sample line adjacent to the current block, a second reference sample line separated from the current block by 1 sample, and a third reference sample line separated by 2 samples from the current block. , or a fourth reference sample line separated by 3 samples from the current block.
- index information specifying the position of the reference sample line to which the reference sample of the current block belongs may be used. For example, information regarding an index specifying one of the plurality of reference sample line candidates may be signaled.
- two reference sample lines are used for intra prediction of the current block, two pieces of index information specifying two reference sample lines among a plurality of reference sample line candidates may be signaled respectively.
- the default reference sample line means a reference sample line at a pre-defined position identically to the encoding device and the decoding device, and may be, for example, a first reference sample line adjacent to the current block.
- the reference sample line of the current block may be used to determine the intra prediction mode of the current block, and in this case, step S410 may be performed before step S400.
- the decoding device may perform intra prediction of the current block based on the intra prediction mode and the reference sample of the current block (S420).
- the prediction sample (or prediction block) of the current block may be generated through a first prediction sample, a second prediction sample, or a weighted sum of the first and second prediction samples.
- the first prediction sample may be generated through horizontal interpolation.
- the first prediction sample may be generated by interpolating a reference sample located at the upper right corner of the current block and one or more reference samples located on the same horizontal line as the first prediction sample.
- the second prediction sample may be generated through vertical interpolation.
- the second prediction sample may be generated by interpolating a reference sample located at the lower left corner of the current block and one or more reference samples located on the same vertical line as the second prediction sample.
- an average value of neighboring samples adjacent to the current block may be calculated, and the calculated average value may be set to all prediction samples within the current block.
- the neighboring samples may include an upper reference sample and a left reference sample of the current block.
- the average value may be calculated using only the upper reference sample or the left reference sample according to the shape of the current block.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block is a directional mode
- projection may be performed on a reference sample line according to an angle of the corresponding directional mode. If a reference sample exists at the projected position, the corresponding reference sample may be set as a prediction sample of the current block. If a reference sample does not exist at the projected location, a sample corresponding to the projected location may be generated using one or more neighboring samples adjacent to the projected location.
- interpolation may be performed based on two or more neighboring samples bidirectionally adjacent to the projected position to generate a sample at a projected position (ie, a prime number pel position).
- a projected position ie, a prime number pel position
- any one of a plurality of neighboring samples adjacent to the projected position may be set as a sample of the projected position.
- a neighboring sample closest to the projected position among a plurality of neighboring samples neighboring the projected position may be used.
- a prediction sample of the current block may be generated based on the sample at the projected position.
- a plurality of reference sample lines may be used for intra prediction of the current block, and in this case, a projected position may exist for each reference sample line. That is, samples of a plurality of projected positions may be determined, and a prediction sample of a current block may be generated based on a weighted sum thereof.
- a plurality of intra prediction modes may be derived for the current block.
- two intra-prediction modes are derived for a current block, and these are referred to as a first intra-prediction mode and a second intra-prediction mode, respectively.
- the decoding device may generate a first prediction sample according to the first intra prediction mode and a second prediction sample according to the second intra prediction mode.
- a prediction sample of the current block may be generated based on a weighted sum of the first prediction sample and the second prediction sample.
- the prediction sample of the current block may be generated based on a weighted sum of the first prediction sample, the second prediction sample, and the prediction sample generated by the planner mode.
- prediction of the current block is performed based on a weighted sum of two prediction blocks generated by each of the two intra prediction modes and a prediction block generated by the planner mode. Blocks can be created. If 5 intra prediction modes are derived for the current block, the prediction block of the current block can be generated based on a weighted sum of 5 prediction blocks generated by each of the 5 intra prediction modes and the planner mode prediction block there is.
- a weight for the weighted sum may be determined based on a size of variation calculated from an area around the current block. For example, when the size of the variation corresponding to the first intra prediction mode is G1 and the size of the variation corresponding to the second intra prediction mode is G2, the first prediction sample according to the first intra prediction mode has (G1/(G1 A weight of +G2) and a weight of (G2/(G1+G2)) may be applied to the second prediction sample according to the second intra prediction mode.
- the first prediction sample according to the first intra prediction mode has (G1/ A weight of (G1+G2))*(2/3) is applied, and a weight of (G2/(G1+G2))*(2/3) is applied to the second prediction sample according to the second intra prediction mode, respectively. and a weight of (1/3) may be applied to the third prediction sample according to the planner mode.
- the weights may be approximated by considering integer-based arithmetic. For example, as in Equation 1 described above, (2/3) may be approximated as (43/64), and (1/3) may be approximated as (21/64). However, this is only an example, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
- first intra prediction mode and the second intra prediction mode may share one same reference sample line.
- reference sample lines may be independently determined for each of the first and second intra prediction modes.
- the first and second prediction samples may be generated based on different reference sample lines. That is, the number/position of reference sample lines used to generate the first prediction sample may be different from the number/position of reference sample lines used to generate the second prediction sample.
- PDPC Position Dependent Intra Prediction
- PDPC represents a method of generating a final prediction sample by weighting a prediction sample predicted based on a filtered reference sample with an unfiltered reference sample.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to these names, and PDPC includes a location-based intra-sample modification method, a location-based intra-sample filtering method, an intra-prediction mode-based intra-sample correction method, an intra-prediction mode-based intra-sample filtering method, and the like. can be referred to as
- the decoding device derives filtered reference samples by performing filtering based on a predefined filter, and temporary prediction samples of the current block based on the intra prediction mode of the current block and the filtered reference samples.
- a prediction sample of the current block may be derived by weighting the temporary prediction sample with at least one reference sample derived according to the intra prediction mode among existing reference samples, that is, unfiltered reference samples.
- the predefined filter may be one of five 7-tap filters.
- the predefined filter may be one of a 3-tap filter, a 5-tap filter, and a 7-tap filter.
- the 3-tap filter, the 5-tap filter, and the 7-tap filter may indicate a filter having 3 filter coefficients, a filter having 5 filter coefficients, and a filter having 7 filter coefficients, respectively.
- An intra prediction result generated based on a specific predefined intra prediction mode may be additionally corrected by the PDPC.
- an intra prediction result generated based on an intra prediction mode may be referred to as an initial prediction sample (prediction block) and a temporary prediction sample (prediction block). That is, PDPC can be applied to a predefined intra prediction mode without separate signaling.
- the predefined intra prediction mode may include at least one of a planar mode, a DC mode, a directional mode less than or equal to the horizontal mode, and a directional mode greater than or equal to the vertical mode.
- PDPC can perform planar mode, DC mode, horizontal mode, vertical mode, bottom left intra prediction mode (ie, No. 2 intra prediction mode) and bottom left intra prediction without separate signaling. It can be applied to eight directional intra prediction modes adjacent to the mode, a top-right intra prediction mode, and eight directional intra prediction modes adjacent to the top-right intra prediction mode.
- a prediction sample of (x,y) coordinates predicted based on a linear combination of an intra prediction mode and reference samples may be derived as in Equation 2 below.
- R x,-1 and R -1,y denote an upper reference sample and a left reference sample located above and to the left of the current sample at coordinates (x, y), and R -1,-1 are the current block represents the upper left reference sample located in the upper left corner of .
- the weights of the PDPC may be derived based on prediction modes.
- PDPC weights can be derived as shown in Table 1 below.
- the variance-based derivation method may use information of previously coded (reconstructed) pixels around the current block to infer the direction of the pixel, and use this as an intra mode of the current block.
- various directivity may be derived according to the gradient between neighboring pixels.
- Each gradient distribution can be classified as a gradient histogram for an intra mode (HoG), and N direction information that is determined to be most similar (ie, has the largest histogram amplitude) through HoG can be mapped to an intra prediction mode. there is.
- the default mode may be derived by a variation-based derivation method.
- the default mode may be set to a non-directional mode.
- the default mode may be set to planar mode and/or DC mode.
- information on one direction may be derived. That is, one intra prediction mode may be derived based on the amount of change of the neighboring pixel. For example, when one intra prediction mode is induced, one prediction block may be generated by the corresponding intra prediction mode. Alternatively, for example, when one intra prediction mode is induced, a prediction block may be generated by weighting a prediction block generated by the corresponding intra prediction mode and a prediction block generated by the planner mode.
- a prediction block generated using an intra prediction mode derived by a variance-based derivation method is referred to as an initial prediction block
- a prediction block generated by a weighted sum of the initial prediction blocks is referred to as an intermediate prediction block.
- a prediction block corrected based on the PDPC is referred to as a final prediction block.
- an intermediate prediction block may be a final prediction block.
- the initial prediction block may be an intermediate prediction block.
- a weight may be calculated according to the size (or amplitude) of a variation corresponding to each intra prediction mode. For example, when there are two intra prediction modes to be derived, a weight may be calculated according to the amount of change indicating the two intra prediction modes.
- an intermediate prediction block may be configured as a weighted sum of the three modes by adding the weights of the fixed planner modes.
- a weighted sum with the planar mode prediction block may not be performed.
- a weighted sum with the planar mode prediction block may be performed.
- the default mode can be set to planner mode.
- the default mode may be set to planar mode and/or DC mode.
- a plurality of prediction blocks are generated according to the derived intra prediction mode, and a prediction block (intermediate prediction block) may be generated by weighting and summing them.
- PDPC when a variation-based derivation method is applied, a plurality of intra prediction modes are selected, and a weighted sum is performed on a plurality of prediction blocks, PDPC according to the intra prediction mode of each of the plurality of prediction blocks application can be determined.
- PDPC is applied to a prediction block generated by a directional mode (hereinafter referred to as a directional mode prediction block), and PDPC is applied to a prediction block generated by the planar mode (hereinafter referred to as a planner mode prediction block).
- a planner mode prediction block may not apply.
- the aforementioned PDPC application condition may be considered. That is, when the intra prediction mode of the directional mode prediction block corresponds to the above-described intra prediction mode for applying PDPC, PDPC may be applied and performed on the directional mode prediction block.
- weights applied to planar mode prediction blocks may be predefined. For example, a value obtained by approximating a weight of (1/3) may be defined for integer operation.
- the planar mode prediction block may be weighted-summed with the directional mode prediction block by applying the weight defined above. A relatively large weight is already applied to the directional mode prediction block, the prediction blocks are weighted and combined, and blending is performed based on various prediction angles, thereby improving discontinuity between the reference sample and the prediction sample to be resolved by the PDPC. Therefore, by omitting the application of PDPC to the planar mode prediction block and selectively applying PDPC only to the directional angular prediction mode, computational complexity and compression efficiency can be improved.
- the intra prediction mode of each of the plurality of prediction blocks Accordingly, whether to apply PDPC may be determined.
- PDPC may be applied to all of a plurality of prediction blocks.
- PDPC can be applied to both the directional mode prediction block and the planar mode prediction block.
- the aforementioned PDPC application condition may be considered. That is, when the intra prediction mode of the prediction block corresponds to the above-mentioned intra prediction mode for applying PDPC, PDPC can be applied and performed.
- a planar mode prediction block may be weighted with other directional mode prediction blocks with a weight fixed to about 1/3.
- PDPC is not applied to the directional mode prediction block according to the PDPC application condition, discontinuity with neighboring reconstructed samples can be improved by applying PDPC to the planar mode prediction block.
- PDPC is generally always applied to a planar mode prediction block, implementation and design complexity can be reduced by giving consistency to the planar mode prediction method from a hardware design point of view.
- a PDPC when a variation-based derivation method is applied, a plurality of intra prediction modes are selected, and a weighted sum is performed on a plurality of prediction blocks, a PDPC is obtained based on a directional mode among a plurality of intra prediction modes. application can be determined. As an example, when two directional modes are derived, whether to apply the PDPC may be determined according to an angular difference or change amount of the directional modes.
- a PDPC application condition for a directional mode prediction block may be defined as follows. As an example, the following condition may be defined together with the predefined intra prediction mode condition for the above-described PDPC application.
- the predefined intra prediction mode condition for the above-described PDPC application may be defined together with the predefined intra prediction mode condition for the above-described PDPC application.
- a description will be made on the assumption that two directional modes are induced, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and substantially the same method can be applied even when three or more directional modes are induced.
- Whether to apply PDPC to a directional mode prediction block may be determined based on whether the directional modes are different from each other. For example, whether each directivity mode is vertical or horizontal may be classified according to whether each directivity mode is larger or smaller than the diagonal mode (eg, the 34th intra prediction mode). PDPC may be applied to each directional mode prediction block only when the directional modes have different directivities. Alternatively, as another example, since the directional mode prediction block is finally weighted, PDPC may be applied to the directional mode prediction block only when the directional mode has the same directionality among vertical directionality and horizontal directionality.
- Whether to apply PDPC to each directional mode prediction block may be determined based on the size of the directional mode variation (HoG amplitude) or the weight applied to the directional mode prediction block. For example, when the ratio a/b of the weight a of the first prediction mode, which is a directional mode, and the weight b of the second prediction mode is greater than N or less than 1/N, PDPC is applied only to the prediction mode having the greater weight.
- N is a predefined threshold and may be an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- PDPC may be applied only to a prediction block having a larger weight among the weight a of the first prediction mode and the weight b of the second prediction mode, which are directional modes.
- the PDPC may be applied only to a prediction block generated by a prediction mode having a larger variation between the weight a of the first prediction mode and the weight b of the second prediction mode, which are directional modes.
- Whether or not to apply PDPC to each directional mode prediction block may be determined according to the predefined intra prediction mode condition for the above-described PDPC application of the directional mode. For example, when PDPC is applicable to only one of two directional modes, PDPC is always applied, and when both directional modes are applicable, conditions 1) or 2) above may be applied. Alternatively, for example, when only one of two directional modes is applicable to PDPC, PDPC is not always applied, and when both directional modes are applicable, conditions 1) or 2) may be applied.
- a directional prediction block based on a combination of the conditions 1), 2), and 3) described above (ie, 1) and 2), 1) and 3), 2) and 3), and 1) to 3)) It may be determined whether to apply PDPC to .
- this embodiment may be applied in combination with the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
- PDPC when a variation-based derivation method is applied, a plurality of intra prediction modes are selected, and a weighted sum is performed on a plurality of prediction blocks, PDPC according to the intra prediction mode of each of the plurality of prediction blocks application can be determined.
- PDPC may not be applied to a directional mode prediction block, but PDPC may be applied to a planner mode prediction block.
- the above-described PDPC application condition may be considered, and since the planar mode is included in the predefined intra prediction mode for the above-described PDPC application, the PDPC is applied to the planner mode prediction block. can be applied and performed.
- the discontinuity between the reference sample and the prediction sample to be solved by PDPC can be improved while weighting the directional mode prediction block, the PDPC is omitted for the directional mode prediction block, thereby greatly reducing computational complexity and improving compression efficiency. can be raised
- the discontinuity between the reference sample and the prediction sample to be solved by PDPC can be improved while weighting the directional mode prediction block and the planner mode prediction block, so PDPC, which is a redundant process, can be omitted.
- PDPC which is a redundant process
- a prediction block on which a weighted sum is performed (intermediate prediction block) PDPC may be applied to
- whether to apply PDPC may be determined based on a block size and/or a prediction mode.
- whether to apply PDPC to the weighted prediction block may be determined according to conditions such as the following example.
- the main directional mode represents a directional mode having the largest change amount (change amount amplitude, histogram size, and histogram amplitude). For example, when the main directional mode satisfies the above-described intra prediction mode condition for applying PDPC, PDPC may be applied to the weighted summed prediction block.
- whether to apply the PDPC may be determined according to the second directional mode.
- the second directional mode represents the directional mode having the second largest amount of change.
- discontinuity with neighboring reconstructed samples can be improved through weighted sum of prediction blocks, and PDPC requiring pixel unit operation is performed only once instead of several times, thereby reducing operation complexity and improving compression efficiency. can be raised
- FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic configuration of an intra prediction unit 331 performing an intra prediction method according to the present disclosure.
- the intra prediction unit 331 may include a prediction mode derivation unit 500, a reference sample configuration unit 510, and a prediction block generation unit 520.
- the prediction mode deriving unit 500 may derive an intra prediction mode of the current block.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived from pre-defined intra prediction modes in the decoding device.
- the pre-defined intra prediction modes may include a non-directional mode and a directional mode.
- the non-directional mode may include at least one of a planar mode and a DC mode.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived based on a most proabable mode (MPM) or may be derived based on a variation based on at least two samples belonging to a neighboring region of the current block.
- MPM most proabable mode
- the amount of change may be calculated based on at least two samples belonging to an area surrounding the current block.
- the change amount may include at least one of a change amount in a horizontal direction or a change amount in a vertical direction.
- An intra prediction mode of the current block may be derived based on at least one of the calculated amount of change or amplitude of the amount of change.
- the amount of change may be determined based on the sum of the amount of change in the horizontal direction and the amount of change in the vertical direction.
- one intra prediction mode may be derived for the current block, or two or more intra prediction modes may be derived. This has been reviewed with reference to FIG. 4, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted herein.
- the reference sample configuration unit 510 may determine a reference sample for intra prediction of the current block from one or more reference sample lines. To this end, the reference sample determiner 510 may select one or more reference sample lines from among a plurality of reference sample line candidates pre-defined identically to the encoding device and the decoding device. Predetermined index information may be used to select a reference sample line, as discussed with reference to FIG. 4 .
- the prediction block generator 520 may perform intra prediction of the current block based on the intra prediction mode and the reference sample of the current block. A detailed intra prediction method has been reviewed with reference to FIG. 4, and redundant description will be omitted here.
- the prediction block generator 520 when a plurality of intra prediction modes are derived based on the amount of change between at least two samples, the prediction block generator 520 generates a plurality of temporary prediction blocks based on each of the plurality of derived intra prediction modes. , and a weighted sum of the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and a planar temporary prediction block generated by a planar mode, thereby generating a prediction block of the current block.
- the prediction block generation unit 520 modifies the prediction block or the temporary prediction block of the current block by applying position dependent intra prediction to the current block.
- the prediction block generator 520 performs the position-dependent intra prediction according to whether each of the plurality of temporary prediction blocks is predicted by one of predefined intra prediction modes. may be applied to each of the temporary prediction blocks of
- the location-dependent intra prediction may be individually applied to the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- the location-dependent intra prediction may be applied only to the planner temporary prediction block among the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- the prediction block generator 520 applies the position-dependent intra prediction to the prediction direction of the plurality of intra prediction modes, the size of the variation of the plurality of intra prediction modes, or the weighted sum Whether to apply may be determined based on at least one of the weights.
- the prediction block generation unit 520 performs the position-dependent intra prediction only on a temporary prediction block generated by the main intra prediction mode having the largest variation among the plurality of intra prediction modes. can be applied
- the prediction block generator 520 may apply the location-dependent intra prediction to a prediction block of the current block obtained by weighting the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- the prediction block generator 520 determines whether the position-dependent intra prediction is applied or not, in which the main intra prediction mode having the largest variation among the plurality of intra prediction modes is a predefined intra prediction mode. It can be determined depending on whether it is one of them.
- the prediction block generator 520 may not apply position-dependent intra prediction to the current block when the variation-based intra prediction mode derivation method is applied to the current block.
- FIG. 6 illustrates an intra prediction method performed by an encoding device as an embodiment according to the present disclosure.
- an intra prediction mode of a current block may be determined (S600).
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be determined from intra prediction modes pre-defined in the encoding device.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be determined based on MPM or based on a variation based on at least two samples belonging to a neighboring region of the current block.
- an optimal intra prediction mode for a current block is determined, and intra prediction mode information for specifying the intra prediction mode may be encoded into a bitstream.
- intra prediction mode information is encoded and transmitted to the decoding device, it can be distinguished from a template region-based determination method described later.
- Intra prediction modes pre-defined in the encoding device may be divided into K groups.
- K may be an integer of 2, 3, 4, or more.
- the pre-defined intra prediction modes may be classified into three groups, and a method of configuring the three groups is as described in FIG. 4 .
- One or more flags may be coded into a bitstream to specify a group and/or a sub-group to which the same mode as the intra prediction mode of the current block belongs.
- the flag is a first flag indicating whether the same mode as the intra prediction mode of the current block belongs to the first group, and the same mode as the intra prediction mode of the current block belongs to the second group (ie, the MPM list).
- an index specifying one of a plurality of MPMs belonging to the second group may be encoded as a bitstream.
- the index may specify the same MPM as the intra prediction mode of the current block among the plurality of MPMs belonging to the second group.
- an index specifying one of a plurality of MPMs belonging to the first MPM list may be encoded as a bitstream.
- the index may specify the same MPM as the intra prediction mode of the current block among the plurality of MPMs belonging to the first MPM list.
- an index specifying one of a plurality of MPMs belonging to the second MPM list may be encoded as a bitstream.
- the index may specify the same MPM as the intra prediction mode of the current block among the plurality of MPMs belonging to the second MPM list.
- an index specifying any one of a plurality of intra prediction modes belonging to the first group (or the third group) is encoded as a bitstream. It can be.
- the index may specify the same intra prediction mode as the intra prediction mode of the current block among a plurality of intra prediction modes belonging to the first group (or the third group).
- the coding of the index may be omitted.
- the aforementioned flags may be encoded with dependencies between the flags.
- the first flag may be encoded after the second flag is encoded into the bitstream.
- the first flag may be encoded when the second flag is True.
- the second flag may be encoded after the first flag is encoded into the bitstream.
- the second flag may be encoded when the first flag is False.
- the fourth flag may be encoded after the third flag is encoded into the bitstream.
- the fourth flag may be encoded when the third flag is False.
- the amount of change may be calculated based on at least two samples belonging to an area surrounding the current block.
- An intra prediction mode of the current block may be determined based on at least one of the calculated amount of change or the amplitude of the amount of change. Through this determination method, one intra prediction mode may be derived for the current block, or two or more intra prediction modes may be derived.
- a detailed variation-based determination method has been reviewed with reference to FIG. 4 , and redundant description will be omitted here. That is, the variation-based determination method may be applied substantially the same as the variation-based derivation method described above with reference to FIG. 4 .
- a reference sample of a current block may be configured (S610).
- a reference sample for intra prediction of the current block may be configured from one or more reference sample lines.
- the current block may use one reference sample line or two or more reference sample lines.
- a reference sample line for intra prediction of the current block may be selected from a plurality of reference sample line candidates pre-defined identically to the encoding device and the decoding device.
- the plurality of pre-defined reference sample line candidates include a first reference sample line adjacent to the current block, a second reference sample line separated from the current block by 1 sample, and a third reference sample line separated by 2 samples from the current block. , or a fourth reference sample line separated by 3 samples from the current block.
- Index information specifying a position of a reference sample line to which a reference sample of the current block belongs may be encoded into a bitstream. For example, information about an index specifying one of the plurality of reference sample line candidates may be encoded. Alternatively, when two reference sample lines are used for intra prediction of the current block, two pieces of index information specifying two reference sample lines among a plurality of reference sample line candidates may be encoded. Alternatively, since one of the two reference sample lines is a default reference sample line, coding of index information for this line may be omitted and only index information for the other line may be coded.
- the default reference sample line means a reference sample line at a pre-defined position identically to the encoding device and the decoding device, and may be, for example, a first reference sample line adjacent to the current block.
- the reference sample line of the current block may be used to determine the intra prediction mode of the current block, and in this case, step S610 may be performed before step S600.
- a prediction block of the current block may be generated based on the intra prediction mode and the reference sample of the current block (S620).
- a bitstream may be generated by generating a residual sample, which is a difference between an original sample of the current block and a predicted sample, and encoding the residual sample.
- a plurality of reference sample lines may be used for intra prediction of the current block, and in this case, a projected position may exist for each reference sample line. That is, samples of a plurality of projected positions may be determined, and a prediction sample of a current block may be generated based on a weighted sum thereof.
- intra prediction of the current block may be performed based on the corresponding intra prediction mode.
- the change-based determination method may use information of already coded (reconstructed) pixels around the current block to infer the direction of the pixel and use this as an intra mode of the current block.
- various directions may be determined according to a gradient between neighboring pixels.
- Each gradient distribution can be classified as a gradient histogram for an intra mode (HoG), and N direction information that is determined to be most similar (ie, has the largest histogram amplitude) through HoG can be mapped to an intra prediction mode. there is.
- HoG gradient histogram for an intra mode
- N direction information that is determined to be most similar (ie, has the largest histogram amplitude) through HoG can be mapped to an intra prediction mode.
- the default mode may be determined by a variation-based determination method.
- the default mode may be set to a non-directional mode.
- the default mode may be set to planar mode and/or DC mode.
- one direction information may be determined. That is, one intra prediction mode may be determined based on the amount of change in neighboring pixels. For example, when one intra prediction mode is determined, one prediction block may be generated by the corresponding intra prediction mode. Alternatively, for example, when one intra prediction mode is determined, a prediction block may be generated by weighting a prediction block generated by the corresponding intra prediction mode and a prediction block generated by the planner mode.
- a prediction block generated using an intra prediction mode determined by a variance-based decision method is referred to as an initial prediction block
- a prediction block generated by a weighted sum of the initial prediction blocks is referred to as an intermediate prediction block.
- a prediction block corrected based on the PDPC is referred to as a final prediction block.
- an intermediate prediction block may be a final prediction block.
- the initial prediction block may be an intermediate prediction block.
- a weight may be calculated according to the size (or amplitude) of a change amount corresponding to each intra prediction mode. For example, when there are two intra prediction modes to be determined, a weight may be calculated according to the amount of change indicating the two intra prediction modes.
- an intermediate prediction block may be configured as a weighted sum of the three modes by adding the weights of the fixed planner modes.
- a weighted sum with the planar mode prediction block may not be performed.
- a weighted sum with the planar mode prediction block may be performed.
- the default mode can be set to planner mode.
- the default mode may be set to planar mode and/or DC mode.
- a plurality of prediction blocks are generated according to the determined intra prediction mode, and a prediction block (intermediate prediction block) may be generated by weighting and summing them.
- PDPC when a variation-based determination method is applied and a plurality of intra prediction modes are selected and a weighted sum is performed on a plurality of prediction blocks, PDPC according to the intra prediction mode of each of the plurality of prediction blocks application can be determined.
- PDPC is applied to a prediction block generated by a directional mode (hereinafter referred to as a directional mode prediction block), and PDPC is applied to a prediction block generated by the planar mode (hereinafter referred to as a planner mode prediction block).
- a planner mode prediction block may not apply.
- the aforementioned PDPC application condition may be considered. That is, when the intra prediction mode of the directional mode prediction block corresponds to the above-described intra prediction mode for applying PDPC, PDPC may be applied and performed on the directional mode prediction block.
- weights applied to planner mode prediction blocks may be predefined. For example, a value obtained by approximating a weight of (1/3) may be defined for integer operation.
- the planar mode prediction block may be weighted-summed with the directional mode prediction block by applying the weight defined above. A relatively large weight is already applied to the directional mode prediction block, the prediction blocks are weighted and combined, and blending is performed based on various prediction angles, thereby improving discontinuity between the reference sample and the prediction sample to be resolved by the PDPC. Therefore, by omitting the application of PDPC to the planar mode prediction block and selectively applying PDPC only to the directional angular prediction mode, computational complexity and compression efficiency can be improved.
- the intra prediction mode of each of the plurality of prediction blocks Accordingly, whether to apply PDPC may be determined.
- PDPC may be applied to all of a plurality of prediction blocks.
- PDPC can be applied to both the directional mode prediction block and the planar mode prediction block.
- the aforementioned PDPC application condition may be considered. That is, when the intra prediction mode of the prediction block corresponds to the above-mentioned intra prediction mode for applying PDPC, PDPC can be applied and performed.
- a planar mode prediction block may be weighted with other directional mode prediction blocks with a weight fixed to about 1/3.
- PDPC is not applied to the directional mode prediction block according to the PDPC application condition, discontinuity with neighboring reconstructed samples can be improved by applying PDPC to the planar mode prediction block.
- PDPC is generally always applied to a planar mode prediction block, implementation and design complexity can be reduced by giving consistency to the planar mode prediction method from a hardware design point of view.
- PDPC based on a directional mode among a plurality of intra prediction modes application can be determined. For example, when two directional modes are determined, whether to apply the PDPC may be determined according to an angular difference or a magnitude of variation of the directional modes.
- a PDPC application condition for a directional mode prediction block may be defined as follows. As an example, the following condition may be defined together with the predefined intra prediction mode condition for the above-described PDPC application.
- the predefined intra prediction mode condition for the above-described PDPC application may be defined together with the predefined intra prediction mode condition for the above-described PDPC application.
- a description will be made on the assumption that two directional modes are determined, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and substantially the same method may be applied even when three or more directional modes are determined.
- Whether to apply PDPC to a directional mode prediction block may be determined based on whether the directional modes are different from each other. For example, whether each directivity mode is vertical or horizontal may be classified according to whether each directivity mode is larger or smaller than the diagonal mode (eg, the 34th intra prediction mode). PDPC may be applied to each directional mode prediction block only when the directional modes have different directivities. Alternatively, as another example, since the directional mode prediction block is finally weighted, PDPC may be applied to the directional mode prediction block only when the directional mode has the same directionality among vertical directionality and horizontal directionality.
- Whether to apply PDPC to each directional mode prediction block may be determined based on the size of the directional mode variation (HoG amplitude) or the weight applied to the directional mode prediction block. For example, when the ratio a/b of the weight a of the first prediction mode, which is a directional mode, and the weight b of the second prediction mode is greater than N or less than 1/N, PDPC is applied only to the prediction mode having the greater weight.
- N is a predefined threshold and may be an integer greater than or equal to 1.
- PDPC may be applied only to a prediction block having a larger weight among the weight a of the first prediction mode and the weight b of the second prediction mode, which are directional modes.
- the PDPC may be applied only to a prediction block generated by a prediction mode having a larger variation between the weight a of the first prediction mode and the weight b of the second prediction mode, which are directional modes.
- Whether or not to apply PDPC to each directional mode prediction block may be determined according to the predefined intra prediction mode condition for the above-described PDPC application of the directional mode. For example, when PDPC is applicable to only one of two directional modes, PDPC is always applied, and when both directional modes are applicable, conditions 1) or 2) above may be applied. Alternatively, for example, when only one of two directional modes is applicable to PDPC, PDPC is not always applied, and when both directional modes are applicable, conditions 1) or 2) may be applied.
- a directional prediction block based on a combination of the conditions 1), 2), and 3) described above (ie, 1) and 2), 1) and 3), 2) and 3), and 1) to 3)) It may be determined whether to apply PDPC to .
- this embodiment may be applied in combination with the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
- PDPC when a variation-based determination method is applied and a plurality of intra prediction modes are selected and a weighted sum is performed on a plurality of prediction blocks, PDPC according to the intra prediction mode of each of the plurality of prediction blocks application can be determined.
- PDPC may not be applied to a directional mode prediction block, but PDPC may be applied to a planner mode prediction block.
- the above-described PDPC application condition may be considered, and since the planar mode is included in the predefined intra prediction mode for the above-described PDPC application, the PDPC is applied to the planner mode prediction block. can be applied and performed.
- the discontinuity between the reference sample and the prediction sample to be solved by PDPC can be improved while weighting the directional mode prediction block, the PDPC is omitted for the directional mode prediction block, thereby greatly reducing computational complexity and improving compression efficiency. can be raised
- the discontinuity between the reference sample and the prediction sample to be solved by PDPC can be improved while weighting the directional mode prediction block and the planner mode prediction block, so PDPC, which is a redundant process, can be omitted.
- PDPC which is a redundant process
- a prediction block on which a weighted sum is performed (intermediate prediction block) PDPC may be applied to
- whether to apply PDPC may be determined based on a block size and/or a prediction mode.
- whether to apply PDPC to the weighted prediction block may be determined according to conditions such as the following example.
- the main directional mode represents a directional mode having the largest change amount (change amount amplitude, histogram size, and histogram amplitude). For example, when the main directional mode satisfies the above-described intra prediction mode condition for applying PDPC, PDPC may be applied to the weighted summed prediction block.
- whether to apply the PDPC may be determined according to the second directional mode.
- the second directional mode represents the directional mode having the second largest amount of change.
- discontinuity with neighboring reconstructed samples can be improved through weighted sum of prediction blocks, and PDPC requiring pixel unit operation is performed only once instead of several times, thereby reducing operation complexity and improving compression efficiency. can be raised
- FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic configuration of an intra prediction unit 222 performing an intra prediction method according to the present disclosure.
- the intra prediction unit 222 may include a prediction mode determination unit 700, a reference sample configuration unit 710, and a prediction sample generation unit 720.
- the prediction mode determining unit 700 may determine an intra prediction mode of the current block.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be determined from intra prediction modes pre-defined in the encoding device.
- the intra prediction mode of the current block may be determined based on MPM or may be determined based on a gradient of an area surrounding the current block. This has been reviewed with reference to FIG. 6 , and a detailed description thereof will be omitted herein.
- the reference sample constructing unit 710 may configure reference samples for intra prediction of the current block from one or more reference sample lines. To this end, the reference sample configuration unit 710 may select one or more reference sample lines from among a plurality of reference sample line candidates pre-defined identically to the encoding device and the decoding device. Predetermined index information specifying the selected reference sample line may be encoded into the bitstream.
- the prediction sample generator 720 may perform intra prediction of the current block based on the intra prediction mode and the reference sample of the current block. A detailed intra prediction method has been reviewed with reference to FIG. 6 , and redundant description will be omitted here.
- the prediction block generator 720 may perform intra prediction of the current block based on the intra prediction mode and the reference sample of the current block. A detailed intra prediction method has been reviewed with reference to FIG. 4, and redundant description will be omitted here.
- the prediction block generator 720 when a plurality of intra prediction modes are determined based on the amount of change between at least two samples, the prediction block generator 720 generates a plurality of temporary prediction blocks based on each of the determined plurality of intra prediction modes.
- a prediction block of the current block may be generated by generating and weighting a planar temporary prediction block generated by the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and a planar mode.
- the prediction block generation unit 720 modifies the prediction block or the temporary prediction block of the current block by applying position dependent intra prediction to the current block.
- the prediction block generator 720 performs the position-dependent intra prediction according to whether each of the plurality of temporary prediction blocks is predicted by one of predefined intra prediction modes. may be applied to each of the temporary prediction blocks of
- the prediction block generator 720 may separately apply the location-dependent intra prediction to the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- the location-dependent intra prediction may be applied only to the planner temporary prediction block among the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- the prediction block generator 720 applies the position-dependent intra prediction to the prediction direction of the plurality of intra prediction modes, the size of the variation of the plurality of intra prediction modes, or the weighted sum. Whether to apply may be determined based on at least one of the weights.
- the prediction block generator 720 performs the position-dependent intra prediction only on a temporary prediction block generated by the main intra prediction mode having the largest variation among the plurality of intra prediction modes. can be applied
- the prediction block generator 720 may apply the position-dependent intra prediction to a prediction block of the current block obtained by weighting the plurality of temporary prediction blocks and the planner temporary prediction block.
- the prediction block generation unit 720 determines whether the position-dependent intra prediction is applied or not, the intra prediction mode in which the main intra prediction mode having the largest variation among the plurality of intra prediction modes is predefined. It can be determined depending on whether it is one of them.
- the prediction block generator 720 may not apply position-dependent intra prediction to the current block when the variation-based intra prediction mode derivation method is applied to the current block.
- the above-described method according to the embodiments of this document may be implemented in the form of software, and the encoding device and/or decoding device according to this document may be used to display images of, for example, a TV, computer, smartphone, set-top box, display device, etc. It can be included in the device that performs the processing.
- a module can be stored in memory and executed by a processor.
- the memory may be internal or external to the processor, and may be coupled with the processor in a variety of well-known means.
- a processor may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, and/or data processing devices.
- Memory may include read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, memory cards, storage media, and/or other storage devices. That is, the embodiments described in this document may be implemented and performed on a processor, microprocessor, controller, or chip. For example, functional units shown in each drawing may be implemented and performed on a computer, processor, microprocessor, controller, or chip. In this case, information for implementation (eg, information on instructions) or an algorithm may be stored in a digital storage medium.
- a decoding device and an encoding device to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification are applied may be used in a multimedia broadcasting transceiving device, a mobile communication terminal, a home cinema video device, a digital cinema video device, a surveillance camera, a video conversation device, and a video communication device.
- Real-time communication device mobile streaming device, storage medium, camcorder, video-on-demand (VoD) service providing device, OTT video (Over the top video) device, Internet streaming service providing device, 3D (3D) video device, VR (virtual reality) ) device, AR (argumente reality) device, video phone video device, transportation terminal (ex.
- OTT video devices may include game consoles, Blu-ray players, Internet-connected TVs, home theater systems, smart phones, tablet PCs, digital video recorders (DVRs), and the like.
- the processing method to which the embodiment (s) of the present specification is applied may be produced in the form of a program executed by a computer and stored in a computer-readable recording medium.
- Multimedia data having a data structure according to the embodiment(s) of the present specification may also be stored in a computer-readable recording medium.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes all types of storage devices and distributed storage devices in which computer-readable data is stored.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes, for example, Blu-ray Disc (BD), Universal Serial Bus (USB), ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, RAM, CD-ROM, magnetic tape, floppy disk, and optical A data storage device may be included.
- the computer-readable recording medium includes media implemented in the form of a carrier wave (eg, transmission through the Internet).
- the bitstream generated by the encoding method may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium or transmitted through a wired or wireless communication network.
- embodiment(s) of the present specification may be implemented as a computer program product using program codes, and the program code may be executed on a computer by the embodiment(s) of the present specification.
- the program code may be stored on a carrier readable by a computer.
- FIG 8 shows an example of a content streaming system to which embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.
- a content streaming system to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification is applied may largely include an encoding server, a streaming server, a web server, a media storage, a user device, and a multimedia input device.
- the encoding server compresses content input from multimedia input devices such as smart phones, cameras, camcorders, etc. into digital data to generate a bitstream and transmits it to the streaming server.
- multimedia input devices such as smart phones, cameras, and camcorders directly generate bitstreams
- the encoding server may be omitted.
- the bitstream may be generated by an encoding method or a bitstream generation method to which the embodiment(s) of the present specification is applied, and the streaming server temporarily stores the bitstream in a process of transmitting or receiving the bitstream.
- the streaming server transmits multimedia data to a user device based on a user request through a web server, and the web server serves as a medium informing a user of what kind of service is available.
- the web server transmits the request to the streaming server, and the streaming server transmits multimedia data to the user.
- the content streaming system may include a separate control server, and in this case, the control server serves to control commands/responses between devices in the content streaming system.
- the streaming server may receive content from a media storage and/or encoding server. For example, when content is received from the encoding server, the content can be received in real time. In this case, in order to provide smooth streaming service, the streaming server may store the bitstream for a certain period of time.
- Examples of the user devices include mobile phones, smart phones, laptop computers, digital broadcasting terminals, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable multimedia players (PMPs), navigation devices, slate PCs, Tablet PC, ultrabook, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, smart glass, HMD (head mounted display)), digital TV, desktop There may be computers, digital signage, and the like.
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- PMPs portable multimedia players
- navigation devices slate PCs
- Tablet PC ultrabook
- wearable device e.g., smartwatch, smart glass, HMD (head mounted display)
- digital TV desktop There may be computers, digital signage, and the like.
- Each server in the content streaming system may be operated as a distributed server, and in this case, data received from each server may be distributed and processed.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 현재 블록에 인접한 주변 영역에 속한 적어도 둘의 샘플 간의 변화량(gradient)에 기초하여 상기 현재 블록의 인트라 예측 모드를 유도하는 단계;상기 현재 블록의 참조 샘플을 구성하는 단계; 및상기 인트라 예측 모드 및 상기 참조 샘플에 기초하여, 상기 현재 블록의 예측 블록을 생성하는 단계를 포함하는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록의 예측 블록을 생성하는 단계는,상기 적어도 둘의 샘플 간의 변화량에 기초하여 복수의 인트라 예측 모드가 유도되는 경우, 상기 유도된 복수의 인트라 예측 모드들 각각에 기초하여 복수의 임시 예측 블록들을 생성하는 단계; 및상기 복수의 임시 예측 블록들 및 플래너 모드(Planar mode)에 의해 생성되는 플래너 임시 예측 블록을 가중합함으로써, 상기 현재 블록의 예측 블록을 생성하는 단계를 포함하는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 방법은,상기 현재 블록에 대하여 위치 의존적인 인트라 예측(position dependent intra prediction)을 적용함으로써, 상기 현재 블록의 예측 블록 또는 임시 예측 블록을 보정하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 위치 의존적인 인트라 예측은, 상기 복수의 임시 예측 블록들 각각이 미리 정의된 인트라 예측 모드들 중 하나에 의해 예측되었는지 여부에 따라, 상기 복수의 임시 예측 블록들 각각에 대하여 적용되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 위치 의존적인 인트라 예측은, 상기 복수의 임시 예측 블록들 및 상기 플래너 임시 예측 블록에 대하여 개별적으로 적용되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 위치 의존적인 인트라 예측은, 상기 복수의 임시 예측 블록들 및 상기 플래너 임시 예측 블록 중 상기 플래너 임시 예측 블록에 대하여만 적용되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 위치 의존적인 인트라 예측은, 상기 복수의 인트라 예측 모드들의 예측 방향, 상기 복수의 인트라 예측 모드들에 대한 변화량의 크기 또는 상기 가중합에 적용되는 가중치 중 적어도 하나에 기초하여 적용 여부가 결정되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 위치 의존적인 인트라 예측은, 상기 복수의 인트라 예측 모드들 중에서 변화량의 크기가 가장 큰 메인 인트라 예측 모드에 의해 생성되는 임시 예측 블록에 대하여만 적용되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 위치 의존적인 인트라 예측은, 상기 복수의 임시 예측 블록들 및 상기 플래너 임시 예측 블록을 가중합한 상기 현재 블록의 예측 블록에 대하여 적용되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 위치 의존적인 인트라 예측의 적용 여부는, 상기 복수의 인트라 예측 모드들 중에서 변화량의 크기가 가장 큰 메인 인트라 예측 모드가 미리 정의된 인트라 예측 모드들 중 하나인지 여부에 따라 결정되는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 현재 블록에 대하여 상기 변화량 기반의 인트라 예측 모드 유도 방법이 적용되는 경우, 상기 현재 블록에 대하여 위치 의존적인 인트라 예측이 적용되지 않는, 영상 디코딩 방법.
- 현재 블록에 인접한 주변 영역에 속한 적어도 둘의 샘플 간의 변화량(gradient)에 기초하여 상기 현재 블록의 인트라 예측 모드를 결정하는 단계;상기 현재 블록의 참조 샘플을 구성하는 단계; 및상기 인트라 예측 모드 및 상기 참조 샘플에 기초하여, 상기 현재 블록의 예측 블록을 생성하는 단계를 포함하는, 영상 인코딩 방법.
- 제12항에 따른 영상 인코딩 방법에 의해 생성된 비트스트림을 저장하는 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 저장 매체.
- 현재 블록에 인접한 주변 영역에 속한 적어도 둘의 샘플 간의 변화량(gradient)에 기초하여 상기 현재 블록의 인트라 예측 모드를 결정하는 단계;상기 현재 블록의 참조 샘플을 구성하는 단계;상기 인트라 예측 모드 및 상기 참조 샘플에 기초하여, 상기 현재 블록의 예측 블록을 생성하는 단계;상기 예측 블록에 기초하여 상기 현재 블록을 부호화함으로써 비트스트림을 생성하는 단계; 및상기 비트스트림을 포함한 데이터를 전송하는 단계를 포함하는, 영상 정보에 대한 데이터 전송 방법.
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| US18/730,094 US20250150583A1 (en) | 2022-02-08 | 2023-02-08 | Image encoding/decoding method and apparatus, and recording medium having bitstream stored therein |
| EP23753145.4A EP4478708A4 (en) | 2022-02-08 | 2023-02-08 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMAGE CODING/DECODING, AND RECORDING MEDIUM ON WHICH A BINARY STREAM IS STORED |
| CN202380019694.0A CN118661417A (zh) | 2022-02-08 | 2023-02-08 | 图像编码/解码方法和装置以及具有存储在其中的比特流的记录介质 |
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| WO2026001801A2 (zh) * | 2025-06-18 | 2026-01-02 | 深圳传音控股股份有限公司 | 处理方法、处理设备及存储介质 |
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| US12375663B2 (en) * | 2021-06-27 | 2025-07-29 | Alibaba Innovation Private Limited | Methods and systems for performing combined inter and intra prediction |
| EP4397036A4 (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2025-07-09 | Beijing Dajia Internet Information Tech Co Ltd | METHODS AND DEVICES FOR INTRA MODE DERIVATION ON THE DECODER SIDE |
| EP4466850A4 (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2025-07-16 | Beijing Dajia Internet Information Tech Co Ltd | METHODS AND DEVICES FOR INTRA MODE DERIVATION ON THE DECODER SIDE |
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| WO2019007490A1 (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-01-10 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | DECODER INTEGRATED MODE (DIMD) INTEGRATED DEVICE TOOL CALCULATION COMPLEXITY REDUCTION |
| KR20210134407A (ko) * | 2020-02-05 | 2021-11-09 | 텐센트 아메리카 엘엘씨 | 디코더 측 인트라 모드 도출 모드와 적응적 인트라 예측 모드 간의 상호 작용들을 위한 방법 및 장치 |
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| EP4478708A4 (en) | 2026-02-18 |
| US20250150583A1 (en) | 2025-05-08 |
| CN118661417A (zh) | 2024-09-17 |
| EP4478708A1 (en) | 2024-12-18 |
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