WO2023155208A1 - 电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备 - Google Patents

电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023155208A1
WO2023155208A1 PCT/CN2022/077149 CN2022077149W WO2023155208A1 WO 2023155208 A1 WO2023155208 A1 WO 2023155208A1 CN 2022077149 W CN2022077149 W CN 2022077149W WO 2023155208 A1 WO2023155208 A1 WO 2023155208A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
wall
management component
thermal management
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/077149
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙占宇
杨海奇
黄小腾
王鹏
侯跃攀
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to JP2022529887A priority Critical patent/JP7574290B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227016544A priority patent/KR102832073B1/ko
Priority to EP22720544.0A priority patent/EP4254605A4/en
Priority to CN202280008133.6A priority patent/CN116802889B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/077149 priority patent/WO2023155208A1/zh
Priority to CN202380008511.5A priority patent/CN116724443B/zh
Priority to CN202511403474.5A priority patent/CN121460830A/zh
Priority to KR1020247022994A priority patent/KR20240118854A/ko
Priority to JP2024542115A priority patent/JP2025503719A/ja
Priority to CN202320014354.6U priority patent/CN219203336U/zh
Priority to CN202410820454.7A priority patent/CN119009245A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/070131 priority patent/WO2023155622A1/zh
Priority to CN202380008512.XA priority patent/CN116848705B/zh
Priority to EP23755629.5A priority patent/EP4481897A4/en
Priority to JP2024532832A priority patent/JP7760737B2/ja
Priority to CN202320014474.6U priority patent/CN220042013U/zh
Priority to CN202410889366.2A priority patent/CN119009246A/zh
Priority to JP2024541901A priority patent/JP2025503689A/ja
Priority to JP2024549482A priority patent/JP7832347B2/ja
Priority to EP23755624.6A priority patent/EP4459749A4/en
Priority to CN202380008509.8A priority patent/CN116802897B/zh
Priority to CN202320014583.8U priority patent/CN219203337U/zh
Priority to CN202410889258.5A priority patent/CN118970267A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/070125 priority patent/WO2023155620A1/zh
Priority to CN202380008510.0A priority patent/CN116868417B/zh
Priority to KR1020247018661A priority patent/KR20240099426A/ko
Priority to EP23755627.9A priority patent/EP4451443A4/en
Priority to KR1020247018372A priority patent/KR20240091290A/ko
Priority to CN202410888107.8A priority patent/CN119050529A/zh
Priority to CN202380008507.9A priority patent/CN116745978B/zh
Priority to CN202410888131.1A priority patent/CN118970266A/zh
Priority to KR1020247023321A priority patent/KR20240118156A/ko
Priority to CN202320014404.0U priority patent/CN219575742U/zh
Priority to JP2024541130A priority patent/JP7784558B2/ja
Priority to KR1020247022516A priority patent/KR20240117127A/ko
Priority to EP23755625.3A priority patent/EP4481921A4/en
Priority to CN202410820399.1A priority patent/CN118610662A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/070126 priority patent/WO2023155621A1/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/070133 priority patent/WO2023155623A1/zh
Priority to CN202410889395.9A priority patent/CN119133680A/zh
Priority to EP23755626.1A priority patent/EP4459748A4/en
Priority to KR1020247022580A priority patent/KR20240117128A/ko
Priority to EP23755628.7A priority patent/EP4451444A4/en
Priority to CN202380008508.3A priority patent/CN116491016B/zh
Priority to CN202410881132.3A priority patent/CN118970265A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/070135 priority patent/WO2023155624A1/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/070136 priority patent/WO2023155625A1/zh
Priority to CN202320014214.9U priority patent/CN219203335U/zh
Priority to JP2024541251A priority patent/JP2025502875A/ja
Priority to CN202320014347.6U priority patent/CN219203386U/zh
Priority to US18/118,860 priority patent/US11888136B2/en
Publication of WO2023155208A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023155208A1/zh
Priority to US18/517,871 priority patent/US12218330B2/en
Priority to US18/789,365 priority patent/US20250015386A1/en
Priority to US18/798,838 priority patent/US20240421376A1/en
Priority to US18/798,850 priority patent/US20240405315A1/en
Priority to US18/798,863 priority patent/US20240405321A1/en
Priority to US18/799,974 priority patent/US20240405322A1/en
Priority to US18/809,863 priority patent/US20240413427A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery, an electrical device, a method and a device for preparing a battery.
  • the energy density of the battery is an important parameter in the performance of the battery.
  • other performance parameters of the battery need to be considered when improving the energy density of the battery. Therefore, how to improve the performance of the battery is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the battery technology.
  • the present application provides a battery, an electrical device, a method and a device for preparing the battery, which can meet the thermal management requirements in the battery while increasing the energy density of the battery, thereby improving the performance of the battery.
  • a battery including: a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction; a thermal management component extending along the first direction and connected to the plurality of battery cells The first wall of each battery cell is connected, the first wall is the wall with the largest surface area in the battery cell, and the thermal management component is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell; wherein, in the second In terms of direction, the size H1 of the thermal management component and the size H2 of the first wall satisfy: 0.1 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 2, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the first wall .
  • the thermal management component is connected to the first wall with the largest surface area of each battery cell in a row of multiple battery cells arranged along the first direction, wherein, along the first direction, the thermal management component
  • the dimension H1 and the dimension H2 of the first wall satisfy 0.1 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 2.
  • the size H1 of the thermal management component and the size H2 of the first wall further satisfy: 0.3 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 1.3. In this way, it can be ensured that the temperature of the battery cells does not exceed 55°C during the charging of the battery, especially during the fast charging.
  • the heat exchange area between the first wall and the heat management component is S, and the relationship between the capacity Q of the battery cell and the heat exchange area S satisfies: 0.03 Ah/cm 2 ⁇ Q/S ⁇ 6.66 Ah/cm 2 .
  • the temperature of the battery cell can be maintained in an appropriate range during the fast charging process; in addition, when the capacity Q of the battery cell is constant, the heat exchange area S can be adjusted to flexibly meet the thermal management requirements of the battery .
  • the size H1 of the heat management component is 1.5 cm to 30 cm. In this way, it can be ensured that the temperature of the battery cells does not exceed 55°C during the fast charging process of the battery.
  • the heat management component includes a first heat conduction plate and a second heat conduction plate oppositely arranged along the third direction; There is a flow channel for containing a fluid for regulating the temperature of the battery cells, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • the thermal management component further includes a reinforcing rib, the reinforcing rib is arranged between the first heat conducting plate and the second heat conducting plate, the reinforcing rib, the first heat conducting plate The heat conduction plate and the second heat conduction plate form the flow channel. In this way, the structural strength of the thermal management component is increased.
  • an included angle between the reinforcing rib and the first heat conducting plate or the second heat conducting plate is an acute angle.
  • the heat management component can have a larger compression space, which can provide expansion space for the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes two first walls opposite to each other in the third direction and two second walls opposite to each other in the first direction, wherein, in the In the first direction, the second walls of two adjacent battery cells face each other, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • the large-area first wall is used to connect with the heat management component, which is beneficial to the heat exchange of the battery cells and ensures the performance of the battery.
  • the battery includes multiple rows of battery cells and multiple thermal management components arranged along the first direction, wherein multiple rows of battery cells and multiple The thermal management components are arranged alternately in a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • multiple rows of battery cells and multiple thermal management components are connected to each other to form a whole and housed in the box, which can not only effectively manage the heat of each row of battery cells, but also ensure the structural strength of the battery as a whole, thereby improving battery performance.
  • the thermal management component is bonded to the first wall. In this way, the strength of the connection between the thermal management part and the first wall is increased.
  • an electric device including: the battery in the above first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • a method for manufacturing a battery comprising: providing a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction; providing a heat management component, the heat management component extending along the first direction and being connected to the plurality of battery cells
  • the first wall of each battery cell in the two battery cells is connected, the first wall is the wall with the largest surface area among the battery cells, and the thermal management component is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell;
  • the size H1 of the thermal management component and the size H2 of the first wall satisfy: 0.1 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 2, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the first wall.
  • a device for preparing a battery including a module for performing the method of the third aspect above.
  • the thermal management component is connected to the first wall with the largest surface area of each battery cell in a row of multiple battery cells arranged along the first direction, wherein, along the first direction, the thermal management component
  • the dimension H1 and the dimension H2 of the first wall satisfy 0.1 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 2.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the vehicle of an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between a battery cell and a thermal management component according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 6 is a sectional view along the A-A direction in Fig. 5;
  • Figure 7 is an enlarged schematic view of area B in Figure 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a method for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a device for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • first, second, third, etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. “Vertical” is not strictly vertical, but within the allowable range of error. “Parallel” is not strictly parallel, but within the allowable range of error.
  • connection should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a flexible connection. Disassembled connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cell can be in the form of a cylinder, a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square square battery cells and pouch battery cells, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • batteries mentioned in this application may include battery packs and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative plates.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery may include multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel, and the hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connections.
  • a plurality of battery cells can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then a plurality of battery modules can be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery. That is to say, multiple battery cells can directly form a battery, or form a battery module first, and then form a battery from the battery module.
  • the battery is further arranged in the electric device to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a technical solution, in which the heat management component is arranged in the battery to be connected to the first wall with the largest surface area of each battery cell in a row of multiple battery cells arranged along the first direction, wherein, in the second direction, the dimension H1 of the thermal management component and the dimension H2 of the first wall satisfy: 0.1 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 2, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the first wall.
  • the temperature of the battery cells can also be managed by using the above-mentioned thermal management components. Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve the energy density of the battery and meet the thermal management requirements of the battery, thereby improving the performance of the battery.
  • batteries such as mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, battery cars, electric toys, electric tools, electric vehicles, ships and spacecraft, etc.
  • spacecraft include Airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spaceships, etc.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or Extended range cars, etc.
  • a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 can be arranged inside the vehicle 1 , and the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to supply power to the motor 40 .
  • the battery 10 may be provided at the bottom or front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , for a circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, for starting, navigating and running power requirements of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 may include multiple battery cells.
  • FIG. 2 which is a schematic structural diagram of a battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present application
  • the battery 10 may include a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the battery 10 may further include a box body 11 , the inside of which is a hollow structure, and a plurality of battery cells 20 are accommodated in the box body 11 .
  • a plurality of battery cells 20 are placed in the case 11 after being connected in parallel, in series or in parallel.
  • the battery 10 may also include other structures, which will not be repeated here.
  • the battery 10 may also include a confluence part, which is used to realize electrical connection between a plurality of battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection.
  • the current-combining component can realize the electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus member may be fixed to the electrode terminal of the battery cell 20 by welding. The electric energy of the plurality of battery cells 20 can be further drawn out through the box through the conductive mechanism.
  • the conduction means can also belong to the current-collecting part.
  • the number of battery cells 20 can be set to any value. Multiple battery cells 20 can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel to achieve greater capacity or power. Since the number of battery cells 20 included in each battery 10 may be large, for the convenience of installation, the battery cells 20 may be arranged in groups, and each group of battery cells 20 constitutes a battery module. The number of battery cells 20 included in the battery module is not limited and can be set according to requirements.
  • a battery may include a plurality of battery modules, which may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the battery cell 20 includes one or more electrode assemblies 22 , a casing 211 and a cover plate 212 .
  • the housing 211 and the cover plate 212 form the housing or battery compartment 21 .
  • the walls of the casing 211 and the cover plate 212 are both called the walls of the battery cell 20, wherein for the rectangular parallelepiped battery cell 20, the walls of the casing 211 include a bottom wall and four side walls.
  • the housing 211 depends on the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 22.
  • the housing 211 can be a hollow cuboid or cube or cylinder, and one of the surfaces of the housing 211 has an opening so that one or more electrodes Assembly 22 may be placed within housing 211 .
  • one of the planes of the housing 211 is an open surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 211 communicate.
  • the casing 211 can be a hollow cylinder, the end surface of the casing 211 is an open surface, that is, the end surface does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the casing 211 communicate.
  • the cover plate 212 covers the opening and is connected with the casing 211 to form a closed cavity for placing the electrode assembly 22 .
  • the casing 211 is filled with electrolyte, such as electrolytic solution.
  • the battery cell 20 may further include two electrode terminals 214 , and the two electrode terminals 214 may be disposed on the cover plate 212 .
  • the cover plate 212 is usually in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 214 are fixed on the flat plate surface of the cover plate 212, and the two electrode terminals 214 are positive electrode terminals 214a and negative electrode terminals 214b respectively.
  • Each electrode terminal 214 is respectively provided with a connecting member 23 , or also referred to as a current collecting member 23 , which is located between the cover plate 212 and the electrode assembly 22 for electrically connecting the electrode assembly 22 and the electrode terminal 214 .
  • each electrode assembly 22 has a first tab 221a and a second tab 222a.
  • the polarities of the first tab 221a and the second tab 222a are opposite.
  • the first tab 221a is a positive tab
  • the second tab 222a is a negative tab.
  • the first tabs 221a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 are connected to one electrode terminal through one connection member 23
  • the second tabs 222a of one or more electrode assemblies 22 are connected to another electrode terminal through another connection member 23 .
  • the positive electrode terminal 214 a is connected to the positive electrode tab through one connection member 23
  • the negative electrode terminal 214 b is connected to the negative electrode tab through the other connection member 23 .
  • the electrode assembly 22 can be arranged as a single one or in multiples. As shown in FIG. 3 , four independent electrode assemblies 22 are arranged in the battery cell 20 .
  • a pressure relief mechanism 213 may also be provided on the battery cell 20 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 is activated to release the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be various possible pressure relief structures, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to melt when the internal temperature of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold; and/or, the pressure relief mechanism 213 may be a pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to rupture when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 20 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 213 reaches a threshold value.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 and a heat management component 101 arranged along a first direction.
  • the thermal management component 101 extends along the first direction and is connected to the first wall 20a of each battery cell 20 in the plurality of battery cells 20, the first wall 20a is the wall with the largest surface area among the battery cells 20, and the thermal management component 101 is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20; wherein, in the second direction, the size H1 of the thermal management component 101 and the size H2 of the first wall 20a satisfy: 0.1 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 2, and the second direction is perpendicular to the second direction One direction and parallel to the first wall 20a.
  • Both the thermal management component 101 and the plurality of battery cells 20 extend along a first direction, for example, along the x direction, and the thermal management component 101 is connected to the first wall 20a of each battery cell 20 in a row of battery cells 20 .
  • the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the first wall 20a, wherein the second direction may be the z direction.
  • the dimension H1 of the thermal management component 101 may be the height of the thermal management component 101
  • the dimension H2 of the first wall 20 a may be the height of the first wall 20 a.
  • the relationship between H1 and H2 satisfies: 0.1 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 2.
  • the thermal management component 101 takes up a lot of space at this time, wasting the space utilization rate in the second direction, so it is difficult to ensure the battery’s energy efficiency. Density requirements.
  • the thermal management component 101 may be a water-cooled plate for cooling the battery cells 20 during fast charging or heating the battery cells 20 when the temperature is too low.
  • the thermal management component 101 may be made of a material with good thermal conductivity, such as metal materials such as aluminum.
  • the thermal management component 101 is arranged in the battery 10 to be connected to the first wall 20a with the largest surface area of each battery cell 20 in a row of multiple battery cells 20 arranged along the first direction, wherein, In the second direction, the size H1 of the heat management component 101 and the size H2 of the first wall 20a satisfy: 0.1 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 2, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the first wall 20a.
  • the middle part of the box of the battery 10 does not need to be provided with structures such as beams, which can maximize the utilization of space inside the battery 10 , thereby increasing the energy density of the battery 10 .
  • the temperature of the battery cells 20 can also be managed by using the above-mentioned heat management component 101 . Therefore, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can improve the energy density of the battery 10 and meet the thermal management requirements of the battery 10 , thereby improving the performance of the battery 10 .
  • the size H1 of the thermal management component 101 and the size H2 of the first wall 20a also satisfy: 0.3 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 1.3. In this way, it can be ensured that the temperature of the battery cell 20 does not exceed 55° C. during the fast charging process.
  • the heat exchange area between the first wall 20a and the heat management component 101 is S, and the relationship between the capacity Q of the battery cell 20 and the heat exchange area S satisfies: 0.03Ah /cm 2 ⁇ Q/S ⁇ 6.66Ah/cm 2 .
  • the temperature of the battery cell 20 can be maintained in an appropriate range during the charging process of the battery, especially during the fast charging process; in addition, When the capacity Q of the battery cell is constant, the thermal management requirements of the battery can be flexibly met by adjusting the heat exchange area S.
  • the size H1 of the heat management component is 1.5 cm to 30 cm. In this way, it can be ensured that the temperature of the battery cells does not exceed 55°C during the fast charging process of the battery.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between a battery cell and a thermal management component according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view along the direction A-A in Fig. 5
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged schematic diagram of area B in Fig. 6 .
  • FIG. 5 to FIG. 5 referring to FIG. 5 to FIG. 5
  • the thermal management component 101 includes a first heat conduction plate 1011 and a second heat conduction plate 1012 oppositely arranged along the third direction; wherein, the first heat conduction plate 1011 Between the second heat conducting plate 1012 and the second heat conducting plate 1012 is provided a flow channel 104 for accommodating a fluid for adjusting the temperature of the battery cell 20 , and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • the first heat conduction plate 1011 and the second heat conduction plate 1012 are disposed opposite to each other along a third direction and form a flow channel 104 , wherein the third direction may be a y direction.
  • the first heat conduction plate 1011 and the second heat conduction plate 1012 can be made of materials with good heat conduction performance, such as metal materials such as aluminum.
  • a row of battery cells 20 arranged along the first direction may be connected to the thermal management component 101 on only one side, or both sides may be connected to the thermal management component 101 , which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the length of the thermal management component 101 is equal to the sum of the lengths of all the battery cells 20 in the same row, so that the battery cells 20 can be sufficiently cooled while reducing the space occupied by the thermal management component 101. space.
  • the length of the thermal management component 101 may be less than or equal to the sum of the lengths of all battery cells 20 , and may be specifically set according to actual needs, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the thermal management component 101 further includes reinforcing ribs 1013, and the reinforcing ribs 1013 are arranged between the first heat conducting plate 1011 and the second heat conducting plate 1012, and the reinforcing ribs 1013, the first heat conducting plate 1011 and the second heat conducting plate 1012 form the flow channel 104 .
  • the structural strength of the thermal management component 101 can be enhanced.
  • the number of reinforcing ribs 1013 is one, so that one or two flow channels 104 can be formed between the first heat conducting plate 1011 and the second heat conducting plate 1012 .
  • the reinforcing rib 1013 is a cantilever with one end connected to the heat conducting plate, at this time, only one flow channel 104 is formed; when the reinforcing rib When 1013 is connected with the first heat conducting plate 1011 and the second heat conducting plate 1012, two flow channels 104 are formed.
  • the number of reinforcing ribs 1013 can be specifically set according to requirements, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • different flow channels 104 may be independent of each other, or may be connected through adapters.
  • the reinforcing rib 1013 extends along the first direction, that is, the angle between the reinforcing rib and the first heat conducting plate 1011 or the second heat conducting plate 1012 is a right angle.
  • the included angle between the reinforcing rib 1013 and the first heat conducting plate 1011 or the second heat conducting plate 1012 is an acute angle. In this way, more expansion space can be provided for the battery cells 20 .
  • the battery cell 20 includes two first walls 20a oppositely arranged in the second direction and two second walls 20b oppositely arranged in the first direction, wherein, in In the first direction, the second walls 20b of two adjacent battery cells 20 face each other.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a first wall 20a, a second wall 20b and a third wall, the first wall 20a, the second wall 20b and the third wall are adjacent to each other, wherein the surface area of the first wall 20a is larger than that of the second wall 20b
  • One of the two third walls is set as the top surface of the battery cell away from the bottom of the box, and the other is set as the bottom surface of the battery cell toward the bottom of the box.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 includes multiple rows of battery cells 20 and multiple thermal management components 101 arranged along the first direction, wherein the multiple rows of battery cells 20 and a plurality of thermal management components 101 are arranged alternately in a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction.
  • multiple rows of battery cells 20 and multiple thermal management components 101 are connected to each other to form a whole and accommodated in the box, which can not only effectively manage the heat of each row of battery cells 20, but also ensure the overall structural strength of the battery. Thereby, the performance of the battery can be improved.
  • the battery 10 includes a case 11 , multiple rows of battery cells 20 , multiple thermal management components 101 , pipes 103 and current collectors 102 .
  • the current collector 102 and the pipe 103 are arranged at both ends of the thermal management component 101 along the first direction, and the fluid is transported to the current collector 102 through the pipe 103, and then collected by the current collector 102 and transported to the thermal management component 101, so that the battery cell 20 for cooling or heating.
  • Multiple rows of battery cells 20 and multiple thermal management components 101 are arranged alternately in the second direction, wherein, along the second direction, they can be arranged in the manner of battery cells—thermal management components—battery cells, or can be arranged in the manner of thermal management Components-battery cells-thermal management components are arranged.
  • the number of rows of battery cells 20 is N
  • the number of thermal management components 101 is N ⁇ 1.
  • the energy density of the battery 10 in this arrangement is higher.
  • the number of rows of battery cells 20 is N
  • the number of thermal management components 101 is N+1.
  • the thermal management performance of the battery 10 in this arrangement is better, and the battery cells 20
  • the cooling rate is faster.
  • the above two arrangements can cool the battery cells 20 in time under the premise of ensuring the energy density of the battery 10 , effectively preventing the thermal runaway caused by the temperature of the battery cells 20 being too high.
  • the battery 10 can also be arranged in the manner of thermal management component-battery cell-battery cell-thermal management component, as long as the cooling or heating of the first wall 20a of the battery cell 20 can be realized. , which is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the thermal management component 101 is bonded to the first wall 20a. In this way, the connection strength between the heat management member 101 and the first wall 20a is increased.
  • the heat management component 101 can also be clamped between the battery cells 20 in adjacent columns or the side wall of the box 11 and the battery cells 20 by abutting against the first wall 20 a.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electric device, which may include the battery 10 in the foregoing embodiments.
  • the electrical device may be a vehicle 1, a ship, or a spacecraft, etc., but this is not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 and the electrical device of the embodiment of the present application are described above, and the method and device for preparing the battery of the embodiment of the present application will be described below, and the parts that are not described in detail can be referred to the foregoing embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic flowchart of a method 300 for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 9, the method 300 may include:
  • the thermal management component 101 extends along the first direction and is connected to the first wall 20a of each battery cell 20 in the plurality of battery cells 20, the first wall 20a is the battery cell 20 The wall with the largest surface area, the thermal management component 101 is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20; wherein, in the second direction, the size H1 of the thermal management component 101 and the size H2 of the first wall 20a satisfy: 0.1 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 2, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the first wall 20a.
  • Fig. 10 shows a schematic block diagram of a device 400 for preparing a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 400 for preparing a battery may include: a first providing module 410 and a second providing module 420 .
  • the first providing module 410 is used for providing a plurality of battery cells 20 arranged along a first direction.
  • the second providing module 420 is used for providing the thermal management component 101, the thermal management component 101 extends along the first direction and is connected with the first wall 20a of each battery cell 20 in the plurality of battery cells 20, the first wall 20a As the wall with the largest surface area in the battery cell 20, the thermal management component 101 is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20; wherein, in the second direction, the size H1 of the thermal management component 101 and the size H2 of the first wall 20a satisfy: 0.1 ⁇ H1/H2 ⁇ 2, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and parallel to the first wall 20a.

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Abstract

提供了一种电池，用电设备，制备电池的方法及设备。该电池包括：沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体；热管理部件，热管理部件沿第一方向延伸且与多个电池单体中的每个电池单体的第一壁连接，第一壁为电池单体中表面积最大的壁，热管理部件用于调节电池单体的温度；其中，在第二方向上，热管理部件的尺寸H1与第一壁的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，第二方向垂直于第一方向且平行于第一壁。本申请实施例的技术方案，能够在提升电池的容量密度的同时满足电池的热管理需求，从而提升电池的性能。

Description

电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备。
背景技术
随着环境污染的日益加剧，新能源产业越来越受到人们的关注。在新能源产业中，电池技术是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
电池的能量密度是电池的性能中的一项重要参数，然而，在提升电池的能量密度时还需要考虑电池的其他性能参数。因此，如何提升电池的性能，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备，能够在提升电池的能量密度的同时满足电池中的热管理需求，从而提升电池的性能。
第一方面，提供了一种电池，包括：沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体；热管理部件，所述热管理部件沿所述第一方向延伸且与所述多个电池单体中的每个电池单体的第一壁连接，所述第一壁为所述电池单体中表面积最大的壁，所述热管理部件用于调节所述电池单体的温度；其中，在第二方向上，所述热管理部件的尺寸H1与所述第一壁的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向且平行于所述第一壁。
在本申请实施例中，热管理部件与一列沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体中的每个电池单体的表面积最大的第一壁连接，其中，沿第一方向，热管理部件的尺寸H1与第一壁的尺寸H2满足0.1≤H1/H2≤2。这样，电池的箱体中部可以不需要再设置梁等结构，可以较大限度地提升电池内部的空间利用率，从而提升电池的能量密度；同时，利用上述热管理部件还可以满足电池中的热管理需求。因此，本申请实施例的技术方 案能够在提升电池的能量密度的同时满足电池中的热管理需求，从而能够提升电池的性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述热管理部件的尺寸H1与所述第一壁的尺寸H2还满足：0.3≤H1/H2≤1.3。这样，可以保证电池在充电，尤其是快充的过程中，电池单体的温度不超过55℃。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述第一壁与所述热管理部件之间的换热面积为S，所述电池单体的容量Q与所述换热面积S之间的关系满足：0.03Ah/cm 2≤Q/S≤6.66Ah/cm 2。这样，可以在快充过程中，将电池单体的温度维持在一个合适的范围；此外，当电池单体的容量Q一定时，可以通过调节换热面积S，灵活地满足电池的热管理需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述热管理部件的尺寸H1为1.5cm～30cm。这样，可以保证电池在快充的过程中，电池单体的温度不超过55℃。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述热管理部件包括沿第三方向相对设置的第一导热板和第二导热板；其中，所述第一导热板和所述第二导热板之间设置有流道，所述流道用于容纳调节所述电池单体的温度的流体，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述热管理部件还包括加强筋，所述加强筋设置于所述第一导热板和所述第二导热板之间，所述加强筋、所述第一导热板和所述第二导热板形成所述流道。这样，增大了热管理部件的结构强度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述加强筋与所述第一导热板或所述第二导热板的夹角为锐角。这样，在第三方向上，热管理部件可以有较大的压缩空间，可以给电池单体提供膨胀空间。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电池单体包括在第三方向上相对设置的两个所述第一壁和在所述第一方向上相对设置的两个第二壁，其中，在所述第一方向上，相邻的两个所述电池单体的所述第二壁相对，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向。这样，采用大面积的第一壁与热管理部件连接，有利于电池单体的热交换，保障电池的性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电池包括多列沿所述第一方向排列的多个所述电池单体和多个所述热管理部件，其中，多列所述电池单体和多个所述热管理部件在 第三方向上交替设置，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向。这样，多列电池单体和多个热管理部件相互连接形成一个整体，容纳于箱体内，既能够对每一列电池单体进行有效的热管理，又能够保证电池整体的结构强度，从而能够提升电池的性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述热管理部件与所述第一壁粘接。这样，增加了热管理部件和第一壁之间的连接强度。
第二方面，提供了一种用电设备，包括：上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
第三方面，提供了一种制备电池的方法，包括：提供沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体；提供热管理部件，所述热管理部件沿所述第一方向延伸且与所述多个电池单体中的每个电池单体的第一壁连接，所述第一壁为所述电池单体中表面积最大的壁，所述热管理部件用于调节所述电池单体的温度；其中，在第二方向上，所述热管理部件的尺寸H1与所述第一壁的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向且平行于所述第一壁。
第四方面，提供了一种制备电池的设备，包括执行上述第三方面的方法的模块。
在本申请实施例中，热管理部件与一列沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体中的每个电池单体的表面积最大的第一壁连接，其中，沿第一方向，热管理部件的尺寸H1与第一壁的尺寸H2满足0.1≤H1/H2≤2。这样，电池的箱体中部可以不需要再设置梁等结构，可以较大限度地提升电池内部的空间利用率，从而提升电池的能量密度；同时，利用上述热管理部件还可以满足电池中的热管理需求。因此，本申请实施例的技术方案能够在提升电池的能量密度的同时满足电池中的热管理需求，从而能够提升电池的性能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例的车辆的示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例的电池的示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例的一电池单体的示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例的电池的示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例的电池单体与热管理部件连接的示意图；
图6是图5中沿A-A方向的截面图；
图7是图6中B区域的放大示意图；
图8是本申请一实施例的电池的示意图；
图9是本申请一实施例的制备电池的方法的示意图；
图10是本申请一实施例的制备电池的设备的示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含；“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技 术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而 不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(PP)或聚乙烯(PE)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
为了满足不同的电力需求，电池可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。可选地，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。电池再进一步设置于用电设备中，为用电设备提供电能。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率、安全性等。其中，在电池内部空间一定的情况下，提升电池内部空间的利用率，是提升电池能量密度的有效手段。然而，在提升电池内部空间的利用率的同时，还要考虑电池的其他性能参数，例如，电池的热管理等。
在电池充放电过程中，会产生大量的热量，尤其是在快充的过程中，电池单体会产生大量的热量，这些热量不断累积、叠加，使得电池温度急剧升高。当电池单体的热量不能及时散发出去时，就可能会导致电池的热失控，出现冒烟、起火和爆炸等安全事故。同时，长期的严重的温度不均匀会极大降低电池的使用寿命。另外，当温度很低时，电池的放电效率很低，甚至在低温下难以启动，影响电池的正常使用。因此，如何保证电池对热管理的需求至关重要。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供了一种技术方案，在电池中设置热管理部件与一列沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体中的每个电池单体的表面积最大的第一壁连接，其中，在第二方向上，热管理部件的尺寸H1与第一壁的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，第二方向垂直于第一方向且平行于第一壁。这样，电池的箱体中部可以不需要再设置梁等结构，可以较大限度地提升电池内部的空间利用率，从而提升电池的能量密度。同时，利用上述热管理部件还可以管理电池单体的温度。因此，本申请实施例的技术方案能够在提升电池的能量密度的满足电池的热管理需求，从而能够提升电池的性能。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的装置，例如，手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动玩具、电动工具、电动车辆、船舶和航天器等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等。
应理解，本申请实施例描述的技术方案不仅仅局限适用于上述所描述的设备， 还可以适用于所有使用电池的设备，但为描述简洁，下述实施例均以电动车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池10可以包括多个电池单体。例如，如图2所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池10的结构示意图，电池10可以包括多个电池单体20。电池10还可以包括箱体11，箱体11内部为中空结构，多个电池单体20容纳于箱体11内。例如，多个电池单体20相互并联或串联或混联组合后置于箱体11内。
可选地，电池10还可以包括其他结构，在此不再一一赘述。例如，该电池10还可以包括汇流部件，汇流部件用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。具体地，汇流部件可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子实现电池单体20之间的电连接。进一步地，汇流部件可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子。多个电池单体20的电能可进一步通过导电机构穿过箱体而引出。可选地，导电机构也可属于汇流部件。
根据不同的电力需求，电池单体20的数量可以设置为任意数值。多个电池单体20可通过串联、并联或混联的方式连接以实现较大的容量或功率。由于每个电池10中包括的电池单体20的数量可能较多，为了便于安装，可以将电池单体20分组设置，每组电池单体20组成电池模块。电池模块中包括的电池单体20的数量不限，可以根据需求设置。电池可以包括多个电池模块，这些电池模块可通过串联、并联或混联的方式进行连接。
如图3所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体20的结构示意图，电池单体20包括一个或多个电极组件22、壳体211和盖板212。壳体211和盖板212形成外壳或电池盒21。壳体211的壁以及盖板212均称为电池单体20的壁，其中对于长方体型电 池单体20，壳体211的壁包括底壁和四个侧壁。壳体211根据一个或多个电极组件22组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体211可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体211的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件22可以放置于壳体211内。例如，当壳体211为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体211的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。当壳体211可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体211的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体211内外相通。盖板212覆盖开口并且与壳体211连接，以形成放置电极组件22的封闭的腔体。壳体211内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体20还可以包括两个电极端子214，两个电极端子214可以设置在盖板212上。盖板212通常是平板形状，两个电极端子214固定在盖板212的平板面上，两个电极端子214分别为正电极端子214a和负电极端子214b。每个电极端子214各对应设置一个连接构件23，或者也可以称为集流构件23，其位于盖板212与电极组件22之间，用于将电极组件22和电极端子214实现电连接。
如图3所示，每个电极组件22具有第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a。第一极耳221a和第二极耳222a的极性相反。例如，当第一极耳221a为正极极耳时，第二极耳222a为负极极耳。一个或多个电极组件22的第一极耳221a通过一个连接构件23与一个电极端子连接，一个或多个电极组件22的第二极耳222a通过另一个连接构件23与另一个电极端子连接。例如，正电极端子214a通过一个连接构件23与正极极耳连接，负电极端子214b通过另一个连接构件23与负极极耳连接。
在该电池单体20中，根据实际使用需求，电极组件22可设置为单个，或多个，如图3所示，电池单体20内设置有4个独立的电极组件22。
电池单体20上还可设置泄压机构213。泄压机构213用于电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。
泄压机构213可以为各种可能的泄压结构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。例如，泄压机构213可以为温敏泄压机构，温敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部温度达到阈值时能够熔化；和/或，泄压机构213可以为压敏泄压机构，压敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构213的电池单体20的内部气压达到阈值时能够破裂。
图4为本申请一实施例中的电池的结构示意图。如图4所示，电池10包括沿第 一方向排列的多个电池单体20和热管理部件101。热管理部件101沿第一方向延伸且与多个电池单体20中的每个电池单体20的第一壁20a连接，第一壁20a为电池单体20中表面积最大的壁，热管理部件101用于调节电池单体20的温度；其中，在第二方向上，热管理部件101的尺寸H1与第一壁20a的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，第二方向垂直于第一方向且平行于第一壁20a。
热管理部件101和多个电池单体20均沿第一方向延伸，例如，沿x方向延伸，并且热管理部件101与一列电池单体20中的每个电池单体20的第一壁20a连接。第二方向垂直于第一方向且平行于第一壁20a，其中，第二方向可以为z方向。
在第二方向上，热管理部件101的尺寸H1可以为热管理部件101的高度，第一壁20a的尺寸H2可以为第一壁20a的高度。H1与H2的关系满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2。
当H1/H2＜0.1时，电池单体20与热管理部件101的换热面积较小，无法及时冷却或加热电池单体20，难以满足电池的热管理需求。
当H1/H2＞2时，虽然能够满足电池的热管理的需求，但此时热管理部件101占用了较多的空间，浪费了在第二方向上的空间利用率，从而难以保证电池对能量密度的要求。
可选地，热管理部件101可以为水冷板，用于在快充过程中冷却电池单体20或在温度过低时加热电池单体20。
可选地，热管理部件101可以由导热性能好的材质制成，例如铝等金属材料。
在本申请实施例中，在电池10中设置热管理部件101与一列沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体20中的每个电池单体20的表面积最大的第一壁20a连接，其中，在第二方向上，热管理部件101的尺寸H1与第一壁20a的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，第二方向垂直于第一方向且平行于第一壁20a。这样，电池10的箱体中部可以不需要再设置梁等结构，可以较大限度地提升电池10内部的空间利用率，从而提升电池10的能量密度。同时，利用上述热管理部件101还可以管理电池单体20的温度。因此，本申请实施例的技术方案能够在提升电池10的能量密度的满足电池10的热管理需求，从而能够提升电池10的性能。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，热管理部件101的尺寸H1与第一壁20a的尺寸H2还满足：0.3≤H1/H2≤1.3。这样，可以保证在快充过程中，电池单体20的温度不超过55℃。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，第一壁20a与热管理部件101之间的换热面积为S，电池单体20的容量Q与换热面积S之间的关系满足：0.03Ah/cm 2≤Q/S≤6.66Ah/cm 2。
换热面积S可以为第一壁20a与第一热管理部件101的接触面积，换热面积S满足：S＝H1*W，其中W为每个电池单体20沿第一方向的尺寸。
当Q/S＜0.03Ah/cm 2时，换热面积S足够大，满足电池的热管理的要求，但此时热管理部件101的占用空间过大，难以满足电池10的能量密度的要求。
当Q/S＞6.66Ah/cm 2时，换热面积S较小，电池单体20的热量无法及时通过热管理部件101导出，不能及时快速冷却电池单体20，难以满足热管理的需求。
通过调节换热面积S和电池单体20的容量Q之间的关系，可以在电池的充电过程中，尤其是快充过程中，将电池单体20的温度维持在一个合适的范围；此外，当电池单体的容量Q一定时，可以通过调节换热面积S，灵活地满足电池的热管理需求。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述热管理部件的尺寸H1为1.5cm～30cm。这样，可以保证电池在快充的过程中，电池单体的温度不超过55℃。
图5是本申请一实施例的电池单体与热管理部件连接的示意图，图6是图5中沿A-A方向的截面图，图7是图6中B区域的放大示意图。可选地，在本申请一实施例中，结合图5至图7，热管理部件101包括沿第三方向相对设置的第一导热板1011和第二导热板1012；其中，第一导热板1011和第二导热板1012之间设置有流道104，该流道104用于容纳调节电池单体20的温度的流体，第三方向垂直于第一方向和第二方向。
第一导热板1011和第二导热板1012沿第三方向相对设置并形成流道104，其中，第三方向可以为y方向。第一导热板1011和第二导热板1012可以由导热性能好的材质制成，例如铝等金属材料。
在第三方向上，沿第一方向排列的一列电池单体20可以只有一侧与热管理部件101连接，也可以两侧均与热管理部件101连接，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
可选地，沿第一方向，热管理部件101的长度等于同一列中所有的电池单体20的长度之和，这样，可以对电池单体20进行充分冷却的同时减少热管理部件101占用的空间。在其它实施例中，热管理部件101的长度可以小于也可以等于所有电池单体20的长度之和，可以根据实际需求具体设置，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，热管理部件101还包括加强筋1013，加强筋1013设置于第一导热板1011和第二导热板1012之间，加强筋1013、第一导热板1011和第二导热板1012形成所述流道104。这样，可以增强热管理部件101的结构强度。
可选地，加强筋1013的数量为一条，这样，可以在第一导热板1011和第二导热板1012之间形成一条或两条流道104。当加强筋1013只与第一导热板1011或第二导热板1012连接时，沿第三方向，加强筋1013为一端与导热板连接的悬臂，此时，只形成一条流道104；当加强筋1013与第一导热板1011和第二导热板1012连接时，形成两条流道104。加强筋1013的数量可以根据需求具体设置，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
可选地，当流道104的数量为多条时，不同的流道104之间可以互相独立，也可以通过转接头连通。
可选地，加强筋1013沿第一方向延伸，也就是说，加强筋与第一导热板1011或第二导热板1012的夹角为直角。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，加强筋1013与第一导热板1011或所述第二导热板1012的夹角为锐角。这样，能够为电池单体20提供更多的膨胀空间。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，电池单体20包括在第二方向上相对设置的两个第一壁20a和在第一方向上相对设置的两个第二壁20b，其中，在第一方向上，相邻的两个电池单体20的第二壁20b相对。例如，电池单体20包括第一壁20a、第二壁20b和第三壁，第一壁20a、第二壁20b和第三壁彼此相邻，其中第一壁20a的表面积大于第二壁20b的表面积，两个第三壁中的一个作为电池单体的顶面远离箱体底部设置，另一个作为电池单体的底面朝向箱体底部设置。
图8为本申请一实施例的电池的结构示意图。可选地，在本申请一实施例中，如图8所示，电池10包括多列沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体20和多个热管理部件101，其中，多列电池单体20和多个热管理部件101在第三方向上交替设置，第三方向垂直于第一方向和第二方向。这样，多列电池单体20和多个热管理部件101相互连接形成一个整体，容纳于箱体内，既能够对每一列电池单体20进行有效的热管理，又能够保证电池整体的结构强度，从而能够提升电池的性能。
电池10包括箱体11，多列电池单体20和多个热管理部件101，管道103和集流体102。集流体102和管道103设置在热管理部件101沿第一方向的两端，流体经由管道103输送至集流体102，再由集流体102集流并输送至热管理部件101，从而对电 池单体20进行冷却或加热。
多列电池单体20和多个热管理部件101在第二方向上交替设置，其中，沿第二方向，可以按电池单体—热管理部件—电池单体的方式排列，也可以按热管理部件—电池单体—热管理部件的方式排列。在前一种排列方式中，电池单体20的列数为N，热管理部件101的个数为N-1，该种排列方式的电池10的能量密度更高。在后一种排列方式中，电池单体20的列数为N，热管理部件101的个数为N+1，该种排列方式中的电池10的热管理性能更好，对电池单体20的冷却速度更快。上述两种排列方式，均可以在保证电池10的能量密度的前提下，及时冷却电池单体20，有效防止电池单体20的温度过高而产生热失控。
可选地，在电池10中，还可以按照热管理部件-电池单体-电池单体-热管理部件的方式排列，只要能够实现对电池单体20的第一壁20a的冷却或加热即可，本申请实施例对此不作限制。
可选地，在本申请一实施例中，热管理部件101与第一壁20a粘接。这样，增加了热管理部件101和第一壁20a之间的连接强度。
可选地，热管理部件101还可以通过与第一壁20a抵接从而被夹持在相邻列的电池单体20或者箱体11的侧壁和电池单体20之间。
应理解，本申请各实施例中相关的部分可以相互参考，为了简洁不再赘述。
本申请一个实施例还提供了一种用电设备，该用电设备可以包括前述实施例中的电池10。可选地，该用电设备可以为车辆1、船舶或航天器等，但本申请实施例对此并不限定。
上文描述了本申请实施例的电池10和用电设备，下面将描述本申请实施例的制备电池的方法和设备，其中未详细描述的部分可参见前述各实施例。
图9示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的方法300的示意性流程图。如图9所示，该方法300可以包括：
310，提供沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体20；
320，提供热管理部件101，该热管理部件101沿第一方向延伸且与多个电池单体20中的每个电池单体20的第一壁20a连接，第一壁20a为电池单体20中表面积最大的壁，热管理部件101用于调节电池单体20的温度；其中，在第二方向上，热管理部件101的尺寸H1与第一壁20a的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，第二方向垂直于第 一方向且平行于第一壁20a。
图10示出了本申请一个实施例的制备电池的设备400的示意性框图。如图10所示，制备电池的设备400可以包括：第一提供模块410和第二提供模块420。
第一提供模块410用于提供沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体20。
第二提供模块420用于提供热管理部件101，该热管理部件101沿第一方向延伸且与多个电池单体20中的每个电池单体20的第一壁20a连接，第一壁20a为电池单体20中表面积最大的壁，热管理部件101用于调节电池单体20的温度；其中，在第二方向上，热管理部件101的尺寸H1与第一壁20a的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，第二方向垂直于第一方向且平行于第一壁20a。
以下，说明本申请的实施例。下面描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。
对电池进行充电测试，测试结果如表1所示。
表1 不同规格的电池单体和热管理部件的充电过程中的温度测试
Figure PCTCN2022077149-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022077149-appb-000002
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池(10)，其特征在于，包括：
    沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体(20)；
    热管理部件(101)，所述热管理部件(101)沿所述第一方向延伸且与所述多个电池单体(20)中的每个电池单体(20)的第一壁(20a)连接，所述第一壁(20a)为所述电池单体(20)中表面积最大的壁，所述热管理部件(101)用于调节所述电池单体(20)的温度；
    其中，在第二方向上，所述热管理部件(101)的尺寸H1与所述第一壁(20a)的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向且平行于所述第一壁(20a)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(101)的尺寸H1与所述第一壁(20a)的尺寸H2还满足：0.3≤H1/H2≤1.3。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述第一壁(20a)与所述热管理部件(101)之间的换热面积为S，所述电池单体(20)的容量Q与所述换热面积S之间的关系满足：0.03Ah/cm 2≤Q/S≤6.66Ah/cm 2。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(101)的尺寸H1为1.5cm～30cm。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(101)包括沿第三方向相对设置的第一导热板(1011)和第二导热板(1012)；
    其中，所述第一导热板(1011)和所述第二导热板(1012)之间设置有流道(104)，所述流道(104)用于容纳调节所述电池单体(20)的温度的流体，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(101)还包括加强筋(1013)，所述加强筋(1013)设置于所述第一导热板(1011)和所述第二导热板(1012)之间，所述加强筋(1013)、所述第一导热板(1011)和所述第二导热板(1012)形成所述流道(104)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述加强筋(1013)与所述第一导热板(1011)或所述第二导热板(1012)的夹角为锐角。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述电池单体(20)包括在第三方向上相对设置的两个所述第一壁(20a)和在所述第一方向上相对设置的两个第二壁(20b)，其中，在所述第一方向上，相邻的两个所述电池单体(20)的所述第二壁(20b)相对，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述电池(10)包括多列沿所述第一方向排列的多个所述电池单体(20)和多个所述热管理部件(101)，其中，多列所述电池单体(20)和多个所述热管理部件(101)在第三方向上交替设置，所述第三方向垂直于所述第一方向和所述第二方向。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电池(10)，其特征在于，所述热管理部件(101)与所述第一壁(20a)粘接。
  11. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括：根据权利要求中1至10中任一项所述的电池(10)，所述电池(10)用于提供电能。
  12. 一种制备电池的方法(300)，其特征在于，包括：
    提供(310)沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体(20)；
    提供(320)热管理部件(101)，所述热管理部件(101)沿所述第一方向延伸且与所述多个电池单体(20)中的每个电池单体(20)的第一壁(20a)连接，所述第一壁(20a)为所述电池单体(20)中表面积最大的壁，所述热管理部件(101)用于调节所述电池单体(20)的温度；
    其中，在第二方向上，所述热管理部件(101)的尺寸H1与所述第一壁(20a)的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向且平行于所述第一壁(20a)。
  13. 一种制备电池的设备(400)，其特征在于，包括：
    第一提供模块(410)，所述第一提供模块用于提供沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体(20)；
    第二提供模块(420)，所述第二提供模块用于提供热管理部件(101)，所述热管理部件(101)沿所述第一方向延伸且与所述多个电池单体(20)中的每个电池单体(20)的第一壁(20a)连接，所述第一壁(20a)为所述电池单体(20)中表面积最大的壁，所述热管理部件(101)用于调节所述电池单体(20)的温度；
    其中，在第二方向上，所述热管理部件(101)的尺寸H1与所述第一壁(20a)的尺寸H2满足：0.1≤H1/H2≤2，所述第二方向垂直于所述第一方向且平行于所述第一壁(20a)。
PCT/CN2022/077149 2022-02-21 2022-02-21 电池、用电设备、制备电池的方法和设备 Ceased WO2023155208A1 (zh)

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