WO2023157952A1 - デブリ除去システム及びデブリ除去方法 - Google Patents
デブリ除去システム及びデブリ除去方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023157952A1 WO2023157952A1 PCT/JP2023/005773 JP2023005773W WO2023157952A1 WO 2023157952 A1 WO2023157952 A1 WO 2023157952A1 JP 2023005773 W JP2023005773 W JP 2023005773W WO 2023157952 A1 WO2023157952 A1 WO 2023157952A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/10—Artificial satellites; Systems of such satellites; Interplanetary vehicles
- B64G1/1078—Maintenance satellites
- B64G1/1081—Maintenance satellites for debris removal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/64—Systems for coupling or separating cosmonautic vehicles or parts thereof, e.g. docking arrangements
- B64G1/646—Docking or rendezvous systems
- B64G1/6462—Docking or rendezvous systems characterised by the means for engaging other vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/226—Special coatings for spacecraft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G4/00—Tools specially adapted for use in space
- B64G2004/005—Robotic manipulator systems for use in space
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a debris removal system and a debris removal method.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and provides a system that can omit the complicated functions and high-precision control required when a service satellite approaches space debris for debris removal.
- the purpose is to
- a first debris removal system is a system for removing space debris existing in outer space, comprising first and second debris configured to move in outer space.
- a spacecraft and a cooperating interface attached to the surface of the space debris by the first spacecraft, the second spacecraft utilizing the cooperating interface to approach and capture the space debris. It is configured to enter the atmosphere together with space debris.
- a second debris removal system is a system for removing space debris existing in outer space, comprising first and second spacecraft configured to move in outer space; a cooperating interface attached to the surface of the space debris by a second spacecraft utilizing the cooperating interface to approach and capture the space debris and move the space debris to a low altitude; is configured to emit at
- a first debris removal method is a method for removing space debris present in outer space, wherein the surface of the space debris is removed by a first spacecraft configured to move in outer space. a mounting step of attaching a cooperative interface to a second spacecraft; a capture step of using the cooperative interface to bring a second spacecraft close to space debris and capturing the space debris with the second spacecraft; a re-entry step of re-entering the atmosphere with the space debris.
- a second debris removal method is a method for removing space debris existing in outer space, wherein a first spacecraft configured to move in outer space cooperates with the surface of the space debris.
- a cooperative interface can be attached to the surface of space debris by a first spacecraft configured to travel in outer space. Therefore, a second space vehicle (e.g., a service satellite) can utilize the cooperative interface to easily approach and capture space debris, re-enter the atmosphere with the space debris (or capture space debris at low altitude). ) to achieve debris removal. Therefore, complicated functions and high-precision control required when the second spacecraft approaches space debris for debris removal can be omitted, and the debris removal work is facilitated. As a result, the cost required for debris removal can be reduced, and the debris removal service can be provided more safely. In addition, since the various design margins required to ensure safety can be kept to the minimum necessary, cost reductions required for debris removal can also be realized.
- a plate having optical markers configured to reflect light can be employed as a cooperative interface.
- the surface of the plate-shaped body is provided with an adsorption force
- a gripping portion that grips the plate-shaped body is provided in the first spacecraft, and the surface of the plate-shaped body gripped by this gripping portion is the surface of the space debris.
- the surface of the plate can be provided with adsorption power by using Adhesive Textile, Gecko, Belcro, and/or Coldwelding.
- the first spacecraft may be provided with a coating section for coating the surface of the space debris with a proximity marker as a cooperation interface.
- a first spacecraft having a robot arm and a gripping mechanism provided at the tip of the robot arm can be employed.
- a grasping mechanism configured to attach to the cooperating interface, to grasp space debris, and to be detached with the cooperating interface from the robotic arm can be employed.
- a cooperative interface is attached to a grasping mechanism of a robot arm of a space vehicle configured to move in outer space, space debris is grasped by the grasping mechanism, and the grasping mechanism is separated from the robot arm together with the cooperative interface. This allows the cooperation interface and space debris to be integrated.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another application example of the debris removal system according to the first embodiment of the present invention (an aspect in which a single spacecraft treats a plurality of space debris).
- 1 shows an outline of a debris removal system according to a second embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) is a diagram showing a state in which space debris is grasped by a grasping mechanism of a robot arm of a first spacecraft; ) is a diagram showing a state in which the grasping mechanism of the first spacecraft is separated from the robot arm.
- This system 1 is a system for removing space debris C existing in outer space, and includes a first spacecraft S and a second spacecraft R configured to move in outer space; a cooperating interface M attached to the surface of space debris C by a spacecraft S of
- a plate-like body having an optical marker is adopted as the cooperation interface M.
- the optical marker is attached to one surface of the plate-like body and configured to reflect light.
- an optical marker for example, it is possible to have a retroreflective material capable of matching the direction of light emission with the direction of incidence.
- a heat insulating film is formed on the surface to which the optical marker is attached, light in a predetermined wavelength range (for example, light in the near-ultraviolet region having a wavelength range of 300 to 400 nm) that is absorbed by this heat insulating film is reflected.
- optical markers can also be employed.
- the other surface of the plate-like body in this embodiment has an attractive force by using Adhesive Textile, Gecko, Belcro, and/or Coldwelding.
- the first spacecraft S in this embodiment has a gripping part (robot arm, etc.) that grips a plate-shaped body as a cooperative interface M.
- a gripping part robot arm, etc.
- the plate-shaped object can be attached to the space debris C by allowing the surface to adhere to the surface of the space debris C.
- the second spacecraft R in this embodiment is a so-called service satellite, and uses the cooperation interface M to approach the space debris C, capture the space debris C, and enter the atmosphere together with the space debris C. It is configured. Instead of (or in addition to) the function of entering the atmosphere together with the space debris C, orbital transition to a low altitude (an altitude significantly lower than the ISS altitude, for example, about 350 km) with the space debris C, A second spacecraft R configured to release space debris C at that low altitude may also be employed.
- the configuration of the second spacecraft R may adopt any configuration as long as it can fulfill the above functions, and is not particularly limited.
- a method of removing space debris C using the present system 1 includes a step of attaching a cooperative interface M to the surface of space debris C by a first spacecraft S configured to move in outer space. (attaching step); using the cooperation interface M to bring the second spacecraft R closer to the space debris C, and capturing the space debris C with the second spacecraft R (capturing step); a step of re-entering the atmosphere together with the space debris C (re-entry step).
- a release process of releasing the space debris C captured in the capture process at a low altitude can be employed.
- the gripping portion of the spacecraft S grips the plate-like body as the cooperative interface M, and the surface of the plate-like body (on the side opposite to the optical marker) is By pressing the surface of the plate-shaped object against the surface of the space debris C, the plate-shaped object can be attached to the space debris C by causing the surface of the plate-shaped object to be attracted to the surface of the space debris C.
- the cooperative interface M can be attached to the surface of the space debris C by the first spacecraft S configured to move in outer space. Therefore, the second spacecraft R can easily approach the space debris C using the cooperation interface M, capture the space debris C, enter the atmosphere together with the space debris C (or C) can be used to achieve debris removal. Therefore, complicated functions and high-precision control required when the second spacecraft R approaches the space debris C for debris removal can be omitted, and the debris removal work is facilitated. As a result, the cost required for debris removal can be reduced, and the debris removal service can be provided more safely. In addition, since the various design margins required to ensure safety can be kept to the minimum necessary, cost reductions required for debris removal can also be realized.
- the configurations of the first spacecraft and cooperation interface are not limited to those described in this embodiment.
- a cooperative interface it is possible to employ a proximity marker that is applied to the surface of space debris C, and a first spacecraft that has an application unit that applies the proximity marker to the surface of space debris C. .
- FIG. 1 an example is shown in which a single first spacecraft S is used, a cooperation interface M is attached to a "single" space debris C, and the space debris C is removed.
- a single first spacecraft S can also remove "plurality" of space debris C.
- a single Servicer (first spacecraft S) traveling in a low earth orbit at an altitude of 400 km is transferred to a Target-A (first spacecraft S) in an orbit at an altitude of 800 km. space debris C) and attach the cooperation interface M to Target-A. After that, it is brought closer to Target-B (second space debris C) on a different orbit or on the same orbit, and the cooperation interface M is attached to Target-B. After that, it is again brought close to Target-C (third space debris C) on another orbit or on the same orbit, and the cooperation interface M is attached to Target-C.
- the "plurality" of space debris C (Target-A, Target-B, Target-C) to which the cooperative interface M is attached by a single first spacecraft S (Servicer) are separated or identical It can be processed by a servicing satellite (second spacecraft R).
- a "plurality" of debris removal service satellites (second spacecraft R) utilize a cooperation interface M to approach these "plurality” of space debris C, respectively. be able to. Then, these service satellites (second spacecraft R) each capture “plurality” of space debris C, enter the atmosphere together with "plurality” of space debris C (Re-entry) (or low altitude ) to release space debris C) for debris removal.
- the present system 1A is a system for removing space debris C present in outer space, as in the first embodiment, and includes a first spacecraft S and a second spacecraft S configured to move in outer space. It comprises a spacecraft R and a cooperating interface M attached to the surface of space debris C by a first spacecraft S.
- the second spacecraft R in this embodiment is substantially the same as that in the first embodiment, so illustration and detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the first spacecraft S in this embodiment has a robot arm SA and a grasping mechanism SG provided at the tip of the robot arm SA.
- Grasping mechanism SG is configured to grip space debris C so that cooperating interface M is attached, and to be decoupled with cooperating interface M from robotic arm SA.
- the configuration of the grasping mechanism SG is not particularly limited as long as it can perform such functions.
- various devices such as a docking interface, angular velocity detumbling device, drag sail device, orbital descent tether device, etc. can be attached to the grasping mechanism SG.
- the space debris C can be grasped by the grasping mechanism SG, and the device and the space debris C can be integrated by separating the grasping mechanism SG together with the device from the robot arm SA.
- a method of removing space debris C using this system 1A is a step of attaching a cooperative interface M to the surface of space debris C by a first spacecraft S configured to move in outer space. (attaching step); using the cooperation interface M to bring the second spacecraft R closer to the space debris C, and capturing the space debris C with the second spacecraft R (capturing step); a step of re-entering the atmosphere together with the space debris C (re-entry step).
- the space debris C captured in the capture process can be released at a low altitude.
- the cooperation interface M is attached to the grasping mechanism SG of the robot arm SA of the space vehicle S, the space debris C is grasped by the grasping mechanism SG, and the grasping mechanism SG is separated from the robot arm SA together with the cooperation interface M. allows the cooperative interface M to be attached to the space debris C.
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
次に、図3を用いて、本発明の第二実施形態に係るデブリ除去システム1Aの構成を説明する。本システム1Aは、第一実施形態と同様に、宇宙空間に存在するスペースデブリCを除去するシステムであって、宇宙空間を移動するように構成された第一の宇宙航行体S及び第二の宇宙航行体Rと、第一の宇宙航行体SによってスペースデブリCの表面に取り付けられる協力インターフェースMと、を備えている。なお、本実施形態における第二の宇宙航行体Rは、第一実施形態と実質的に同一であるため、図示を省略するとともに詳細な説明を省略することとする。
C…スペースデブリ
M…協力インターフェース
S…第一の宇宙航行体
SA…ロボットアーム
SG…把持機構
R…第二の宇宙航行体
Claims (9)
- 宇宙空間に存在するスペースデブリを除去するデブリ除去システムであって、
宇宙空間を移動するように構成された第一及び第二の宇宙航行体と、
前記第一の宇宙航行体によって前記スペースデブリの表面に取り付けられる協力インターフェースと、を備え、
前記第二の宇宙航行体は、前記協力インターフェースを利用して前記スペースデブリに接近して前記スペースデブリを捕獲し、前記スペースデブリとともに大気圏に突入するように構成されている、デブリ除去システム。 - 宇宙空間に存在するスペースデブリを除去するデブリ除去システムであって、
宇宙空間を移動するように構成された第一及び第二の宇宙航行体と、
前記第一の宇宙航行体によって前記スペースデブリの表面に取り付けられる協力インターフェースと、を備え、
前記第二の宇宙航行体は、前記協力インターフェースを利用して前記スペースデブリに接近して前記スペースデブリを捕獲し、前記スペースデブリを低高度で放出するように構成されている、デブリ除去システム。 - 前記協力インターフェースは、光を反射するように構成された光学マーカを有する板状体である、請求項1又は2に記載のデブリ除去システム。
- 前記板状体の表面は、吸着力を具備しており、
前記第一の宇宙航行体は、前記板状体を把持する把持部を有しており、
前記把持部で把持された前記板状体の前記表面が前記スペースデブリの前記表面に押し付けられることにより、前記板状体の前記表面が前記スペースデブリの前記表面に吸着されて、前記板状体が前記スペースデブリに取り付けられる、請求項3に記載のデブリ除去システム。 - 前記板状体の前記表面は、Adhesive Textile、Gecko、Belcro、及び/又は、Coldweldingを利用することにより前記吸着力を具備している、請求項4に記載のデブリ除去システム。
- 前記第一の宇宙航行体は、前記スペースデブリの前記表面に前記協力インターフェースとしての接近マーカを塗布する塗布部を有している、請求項1又は2に記載のデブリ除去システム。
- 前記第一の宇宙航行体は、ロボットアームと、前記ロボットアームの先端に設けられた把持機構と、を有しており、
前記把持機構は、前記協力インターフェースが取り付けられるように、前記スペースデブリを把持するように、かつ、前記ロボットアームから前記協力インターフェースとともに切り離されるように、構成されている、請求項1又は2に記載の協力物体化システム。 - 宇宙空間に存在するスペースデブリを除去する方法であって、
宇宙空間を移動するように構成された第一の宇宙航行体によって前記スペースデブリの表面に協力インターフェースを取り付ける取付工程と、
前記協力インターフェースを利用して第二の宇宙航行体を前記スペースデブリに接近させ、前記第二の宇宙航行体で前記スペースデブリを捕獲する捕獲工程と、
前記第二の宇宙航行体を前記スペースデブリとともに大気圏に突入させる再突入工程と、
を含む、デブリ除去方法。 - 宇宙空間に存在するスペースデブリを除去する方法であって、
宇宙空間を移動するように構成された第一の宇宙航行体によって前記スペースデブリの表面に協力インターフェースを取り付ける取付工程と、
前記協力インターフェースを利用して第二の宇宙航行体を前記スペースデブリに接近させ、前記第二の宇宙航行体で前記スペースデブリを捕獲する捕獲工程と、
前記捕獲工程で捕獲した前記スペースデブリを低高度で放出する放出工程と、
を含む、デブリ除去方法。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23756476.0A EP4480831A4 (en) | 2022-02-17 | 2023-02-17 | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DEBRIS REMOVAL |
| JP2024501452A JP7612943B2 (ja) | 2022-02-17 | 2023-02-17 | デブリ除去システム及びデブリ除去方法 |
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| JP2022-022598 | 2022-02-17 | ||
| JP2022022598 | 2022-02-17 | ||
| JP2022022604 | 2022-02-17 | ||
| JP2022-022604 | 2022-02-17 |
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| EP (1) | EP4480831A4 (ja) |
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| WO (1) | WO2023157952A1 (ja) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014226974A (ja) * | 2013-05-20 | 2014-12-08 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 伸展バネを用いたスペースデブリ除去デバイス固定装置、並びに、これを備えるスペースデブリ除去デバイス |
| JP2015174647A (ja) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-10-05 | アストロスケール プライベート リミテッド | 宇宙用装置、デブリ除去システム及びデブリ除去方法 |
| JP2016002813A (ja) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-01-12 | 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 | スペースデブリの軌道降下方法、軌道降下システム、及び、人工衛星の軌道変換方法、軌道変換システム |
| JP2017210214A (ja) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | 株式会社アストロスケール | 捕獲プレート、宇宙用装置及び捕獲方法 |
| US20200262589A1 (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-20 | Space Systems/Loral, Llc | Attitude rate mitigation of spacecraft in close proximity |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5299764A (en) * | 1991-10-23 | 1994-04-05 | Scott David R | In-space servicing of spacecraft employing artificial life robotics |
| DE10259638B4 (de) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-12-09 | Intersecure Logic Limited | Servicefahrzeug zur Ausführung von Handlungen an einem Ziel-Raumfahrzeug, Wartungssystem und Verfahren zur Nutzung eines Servicefahrzeugs |
| WO2020261397A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-12-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | デブリ回収制御装置、デブリ回収衛星、捕獲用インタフェース機器、接続装置、デブリ回収システム、デブリ回収方法、および、デブリ回収プログラム |
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- 2023-02-17 WO PCT/JP2023/005773 patent/WO2023157952A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-02-17 EP EP23756476.0A patent/EP4480831A4/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014226974A (ja) * | 2013-05-20 | 2014-12-08 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 伸展バネを用いたスペースデブリ除去デバイス固定装置、並びに、これを備えるスペースデブリ除去デバイス |
| JP2015174647A (ja) | 2014-03-18 | 2015-10-05 | アストロスケール プライベート リミテッド | 宇宙用装置、デブリ除去システム及びデブリ除去方法 |
| JP2016002813A (ja) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-01-12 | 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 | スペースデブリの軌道降下方法、軌道降下システム、及び、人工衛星の軌道変換方法、軌道変換システム |
| JP2017210214A (ja) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-30 | 株式会社アストロスケール | 捕獲プレート、宇宙用装置及び捕獲方法 |
| US20200262589A1 (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-20 | Space Systems/Loral, Llc | Attitude rate mitigation of spacecraft in close proximity |
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|---|
| See also references of EP4480831A4 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPWO2023157952A1 (ja) | 2023-08-24 |
| EP4480831A4 (en) | 2026-02-18 |
| JP7612943B2 (ja) | 2025-01-14 |
| EP4480831A1 (en) | 2024-12-25 |
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