WO2023159588A1 - 电池单体、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池单体、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023159588A1
WO2023159588A1 PCT/CN2022/078375 CN2022078375W WO2023159588A1 WO 2023159588 A1 WO2023159588 A1 WO 2023159588A1 CN 2022078375 W CN2022078375 W CN 2022078375W WO 2023159588 A1 WO2023159588 A1 WO 2023159588A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
hole
battery cell
pressure relief
relief mechanism
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/078375
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雷育永
郭志君
李川
宋英俊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to JP2024509011A priority Critical patent/JP7799034B2/ja
Priority to KR1020247004537A priority patent/KR102951204B1/ko
Priority to EP22927869.2A priority patent/EP4379928A4/en
Priority to CN202280007965.6A priority patent/CN116982205A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/078375 priority patent/WO2023159588A1/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/102613 priority patent/WO2023159840A1/zh
Priority to EP22928110.0A priority patent/EP4418432A4/en
Priority to CN202280016995.3A priority patent/CN116982207A/zh
Priority to EP22928117.5A priority patent/EP4425674A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/103094 priority patent/WO2023159847A1/zh
Priority to CN202221669813.6U priority patent/CN217903284U/zh
Priority to CN202221655744.3U priority patent/CN218274967U/zh
Priority to CN202280022583.0A priority patent/CN117044023A/zh
Publication of WO2023159588A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023159588A1/zh
Priority to US18/594,020 priority patent/US20240250347A1/en
Priority to US18/669,558 priority patent/US20240313339A1/en
Priority to US18/675,724 priority patent/US20240322351A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to JP2025281975A priority patent/JP2026062831A/ja
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/131—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by physical properties, e.g. gas permeability, size or heat resistance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device.
  • Batteries are widely used in electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, laptop computers, battery cars, electric cars, electric airplanes, electric ships, electric toy cars, electric toy ships, electric toy airplanes and electric tools, etc.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • the battery cell can meet the release requirements of the internal gas of the battery cell, and at the same time can ensure the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • a battery cell including: an electrode assembly; a casing for accommodating the electrode assembly; a cover assembly for closing an opening of the casing; wherein the casing includes a first wall and a The two second walls facing each other, the first wall is used to connect the two second walls, the wall thickness of the first wall is greater than the wall thickness of the second wall, the first wall is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used to When the gas pressure inside the housing reaches a threshold value, it is activated to relieve the pressure.
  • the thickness of the first wall is D1
  • the thickness of the second wall is D2
  • D1 and D2 satisfy: 0.05mm ⁇ D1-D2 ⁇ 3mm.
  • the thickness of the first wall is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.
  • the minimum distance d between the edge of the first wall and the pressure relief mechanism is greater than 2 mm.
  • the length dimension of the pressure relief mechanism is L
  • the width dimension is D
  • L and D satisfy: L/D ⁇ 8.
  • the dimension of the pressure relief mechanism in the length direction of the first wall is the length dimension L
  • the dimension of the pressure relief mechanism in the width direction of the first wall is D
  • L and D satisfy: L> d.
  • the area of the first wall is smaller than the area of the second wall.
  • openings are formed at both ends of the housing, and each opening is closed with a cover assembly;
  • the housing further includes a third wall for connecting the two second walls, the third wall and the second wall One wall is oppositely arranged, the wall thickness of the first wall is greater than or equal to the wall thickness of the third wall, and the wall thickness of the third wall is greater than the wall thickness of the second wall.
  • the first wall has a through hole extending along the thickness direction of the first wall, the pressure relief mechanism is arranged inside the through hole, and in the thickness direction, the first wall faces the surface of the electrode assembly and faces away from the electrode. At least one of the surfaces of the assembly is spaced from the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the through hole is a stepped hole
  • the through hole includes a first hole segment, a second hole segment, and a first stepped surface connected between the first hole segment and the second hole segment, and the first hole
  • the hole diameter of the section is smaller than the hole diameter of the second hole section
  • the second hole section is located on the side of the first hole section away from the electrode assembly
  • the pressure relief mechanism is arranged on the second hole section
  • the first stepped surface is used to support the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the through hole further includes a third hole section and a second step surface, the third hole section is arranged on the side of the second hole section away from the first hole section, and the second step surface is connected to the second hole section. hole segment and the third hole segment.
  • the battery cell further includes a protective film, the protective film is arranged on the side of the pressure relief mechanism away from the electrode assembly, and is spaced from the pressure relief mechanism, the protective film, the hole wall of the through hole and the pressure relief mechanism A chamber is formed between the mechanisms.
  • the protective film is pasted on the surface of the first wall away from the electrode assembly, and a communication mechanism is provided on the surface of the first wall away from the electrode assembly. One end of the communication mechanism communicates with the chamber, and the other end communicates with the chamber. The external space is connected.
  • the through hole further includes a fourth hole section and a third step surface, the fourth hole section is arranged on the side of the third hole section away from the second hole section, and the third step surface is connected to the third hole section.
  • a battery including: the above-mentioned battery cell; and a cooling component, the cooling component covers at least part of the casing and is used for cooling the battery cell.
  • the cooling component in the thickness direction of the first wall, is at least partially spaced from and opposite to the first component, and the cover assembly is located between the cooling component and the first wall.
  • the cooling component includes a first cooling plate and a second cooling plate arranged at intervals in the thickness direction, the first cooling plate is provided with escape holes, and the first cooling plate is used to cover where the pressure relief mechanism is located.
  • the first wall and the avoidance hole are used to avoid the pressure relief mechanism, and the second cooling plate is used to cover the side of the housing away from the pressure relief mechanism.
  • an electric device including the above-mentioned battery, and the battery is used to provide electric energy.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly, a casing, and a cover assembly, the electrode assembly is accommodated through the casing, and the opening of the casing is closed by the cover assembly.
  • the casing includes a first wall and two opposite second walls, the first wall is used to connect the two second walls, and the first wall is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, so that the gas pressure of the pressure relief mechanism inside the casing reaches a threshold value Timely actuation to release the pressure to ensure the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the wall thickness of the first wall can be increased, thereby strengthening the support of the first wall to the explosion-proof valve, improving the service life of the explosion-proof valve, and further ensuring the battery cell safety performance.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded view of a battery provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a housing according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is the bottom view of the battery of one embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is an exploded view of a housing according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a housing implemented by the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the housing, the pressure relief mechanism and the protective film according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view of place A in Fig. 8;
  • Fig. 10 is an exploded view of a battery according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • 21-cover assembly 21a-electrode terminal; 21b-cover plate;
  • 22-shell 22a-opening; 221-first wall; 222-second wall; 223-third wall; 224-through hole; 2241-first hole section; 2242-second hole section; 2243-first Step surface; 2244-third hole section; 2245-second step surface; 2246-fourth hole section; 2247-third step surface;
  • connection In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “attachment” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachably connected or integrally connected; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it can be internal communication between two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application according to specific situations.
  • the same reference numerals represent the same components, and for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of the same components are omitted in different embodiments. It should be understood that the thickness, length, width and other dimensions of the various components in the embodiments of the application shown in the drawings, as well as the overall thickness, length and width of the integrated device, are for illustrative purposes only, and should not constitute any limitation to the application .
  • “Plurality” in this application refers to two or more (including two).
  • the battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, or magnesium-ion batteries, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery cells may be flat, cuboid, or other shapes, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, and the like.
  • Batteries generally include a case for enclosing one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign objects from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and a casing for accommodating the electrode assembly.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece and a separator.
  • a battery cell works primarily by moving metal ions between the positive and negative pole pieces.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode collector without the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobaltate, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode collector without the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer. Fluid, the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer is used as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper, and the negative electrode active material may be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive pole tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative pole tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene).
  • the electrode assembly may be a wound structure or a laminated structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • a pressure relief mechanism is generally provided on the casing of the battery cell, and the gas generated inside the battery cell is discharged through the pressure relief mechanism to ensure the safety of the battery cell.
  • the wall of the housing corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism has insufficient support for the pressure relief mechanism, which affects the service life of the pressure relief mechanism, and thus poses a hidden danger to the safety performance of the battery cell.
  • the side walls of the casing usually adopt a design method of equal wall thickness, and, in order to ensure the available space of the battery cell and improve its energy density, the side walls are usually They are designed to be thinner. Therefore, the connection area between the pressure relief mechanism and the side wall of the corresponding area of the housing is small, which is not conducive to the connection between the pressure relief mechanism and the side wall of the housing, and the side wall has weak support for the pressure relief mechanism. And then affect the service life of the pressure relief mechanism.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery cell, including a casing, an electrode assembly, and a cover assembly, the casing is used to accommodate the electrode assembly, and the cover assembly is used to close the opening of the casing, wherein the casing includes a first wall and two second walls oppositely arranged, the first wall is used to connect the two second walls, the wall thickness of the first wall is greater than the wall thickness of the second wall, the first wall is provided with a pressure relief mechanism, and the pressure relief mechanism is used for Activates to relieve pressure when the gas pressure inside the housing reaches a threshold.
  • the wall thickness of the first wall where the pressure relief mechanism is located is increased, which can strengthen the support of the first wall to the explosion-proof valve, improve the service life of the explosion-proof valve, and further ensure the safety performance of the battery.
  • the battery cells described in the embodiments of the present application are applicable to batteries and electric devices and equipment using batteries.
  • Electrical devices and equipment can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, notebook computers, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and electric tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles;
  • spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.;
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.; electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, electric planers, and more.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not impose special limitations on the above electric equipment.
  • the electric device is taken as an example for description.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle.
  • the interior of the vehicle 1000 is provided with a battery 100 , and the battery 100 may be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can be used for power supply of the vehicle 1000 , for example, the battery 100 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1000 .
  • the vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300 , the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to supply power to the motor 300 , for example, for starting, navigating and running the vehicle 1000 .
  • the battery 100 can not only be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000 , but can also be used as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000 , replacing or partially replacing fuel oil or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000 .
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery 100 provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the battery 100 includes a case 10 and battery cells 20 housed in the case 10 .
  • the box body 10 is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells 20 , and the box body 10 may adopt various structures.
  • the box body 10 may include a first part 11 and a second part 12, the first part 11 and the second part 12 cover each other, the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define a The accommodation space 13.
  • the second part 12 can be a hollow structure with one end open, the first part 11 can be a plate-shaped structure, and the first part 11 covers the opening side of the second part 12, so that the first part 11 and the second part 12 jointly define an accommodation space 13.
  • the first part 11 and the second part 12 can also be hollow structures with one side open, and the open side of the first part 11 covers the open side of the second part 12 .
  • the box body 10 formed by the first part 11 and the second part 12 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid and the like.
  • the battery 100 there may be multiple battery cells 20 , and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel.
  • the mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 20 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 20 can be directly connected in series, in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 20 is housed in the case 10 .
  • the battery 100 can also be a plurality of battery cells 20 connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules are connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and accommodated in the box 10 .
  • the battery 100 may also include other structures, for example, the battery 100 may also include a bus component for realizing electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 .
  • each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery or a magnesium-ion battery, but not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may be in the form of a flat body, a cuboid or other shapes.
  • the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit forming a battery.
  • the battery cell 20 includes a casing 22, an electrode assembly 23 and a cover assembly 21, the casing 22 is used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23, and the cover assembly 21 is used to close the opening 22a of the casing 22, wherein the casing 22 includes a first wall 221 And the two second walls 222 that are oppositely arranged, the first wall 221 is used to connect the two second walls 222, the wall thickness of the first wall 221 is greater than the wall thickness of the second wall 222, and the first wall 221 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 24.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 24 is used for actuating to release the pressure when the gas pressure inside the casing 22 reaches a threshold value.
  • the housing 22 has an accommodation space, and the first wall 221 and the second wall 222 included in the housing 22 may be intersected, or may be arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • the distance between the two second walls 222 can be set according to the size of the electrode assembly 23 , and the electrode assembly 23 is located between the first wall 221 and the second wall 222 .
  • the wall thickness of the first wall 221 can be understood as the thickness of the first wall 221 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the first wall 221 facing the inner accommodation space of the housing 22 .
  • the wall thickness of the second wall 222 can be understood as the thickness of the second wall 222 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the second wall 222 facing the inner accommodation space of the housing 22 .
  • the thicknesses of the two second walls 222 may be equal, or of course one of them may be thicker than the other.
  • the number of openings 22a included in the housing 22 may be one, or two, of course. When there are two openings 22a, the two openings 22a may be spaced apart and oppositely arranged.
  • the cover assembly 21 refers to a component that covers the opening 22a of the casing 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment.
  • the shape of the cover assembly 21 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 22 to fit the housing 22 .
  • the cover assembly 21 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as aluminum alloy), so that the cover assembly 21 is not easily deformed when it is squeezed and collided, so that the battery cell 20 can have a higher Structural strength and safety performance can also be improved.
  • the cap assembly 21 may include functional components such as electrode terminals 21 a and the like.
  • the electrode terminal 21 a can be used to be electrically connected with the electrode assembly 23 for outputting or inputting electric energy of the battery cell 20 .
  • the material of the cover assembly 21 may also be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the casing 22 is a component used to cooperate with the cover component 21 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 20, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 23, electrolyte and other components.
  • the housing 22 and the cover assembly 21 can be independent components, and an opening 22 a can be provided on the housing 22 , and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 can be formed by making the cover assembly 21 cover the opening 22 a at the opening 22 a.
  • the cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can also be integrated. Specifically, the cover assembly 21 and the housing 22 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the housing. When the inside of the housing 22 needs to be encapsulated , then make the cover assembly 21 cover the casing 22 .
  • the housing 22 can be in various shapes and sizes, such as rectangular parallelepiped, hexagonal prism and so on. Specifically, the shape of the casing 22 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 23 .
  • the housing 22 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., which is not particularly limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrode assembly 23 is a part where the electrochemical reaction occurs in the battery cell 20 .
  • One or more electrode assemblies 23 may be contained within the case 22 .
  • the electrode assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive electrode sheets and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive electrode sheets and the negative electrode sheets.
  • the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet with the active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly 23 , and the parts of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet without the active material respectively constitute tabs.
  • the positive pole tab and the negative pole tab can be located at one end of the main body together or at two ends of the main body respectively.
  • the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs are connected to the electrode terminal 21a to form a current loop.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 24 is arranged on the first wall 221 of the casing 22, and is used to discharge the gas to the outside of the casing 22 when the gas pressure inside the casing 22 reaches a threshold value.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 24 can be an explosion-proof valve, etc. When the pressure reaches A threshold can burst or open to vent gas to the exterior of the housing 22 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 24 and the first wall 221 of the housing 22 can be of an integrated structure, and of course the two can be processed separately and connected as a whole. For example, when the two are separately arranged, they can be welded to each other. etc. to connect.
  • the battery cell 20 accommodates the electrode assembly 23 through the casing 22 and closes the opening 22 a of the casing 22 through the cover assembly 21 .
  • the housing 22 includes a first wall 221 and two opposite second walls 222, the first wall 221 is used to connect the two second walls 222, the first wall 221 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 24, so that the pressure relief mechanism 24 When the gas pressure inside the casing 22 reaches a threshold value, it is activated to release the pressure, so as to ensure the safety performance of the battery cell 20 .
  • the wall thickness of the first wall 221 is increased, the support of the first wall 221 to the explosion-proof valve can be strengthened, and the pressure relief mechanism 24 and the first wall can be increased.
  • the connection area between the walls 221 avoids damage to the pressure relief mechanism 24 due to insufficient connection strength with the first wall 221 when the pressure relief mechanism 24 is working, improves the service life of the pressure relief mechanism 24, and further ensures the battery life. The safety performance of the body 20.
  • the thickness of the first wall 221 is D1
  • the thickness of the second wall 222 is D2
  • D1 and D2 satisfy: 0.05mm ⁇ D1-D2 ⁇ 3mm.
  • the difference between the wall thickness D1 of the first wall 221 and the wall thickness D2 of the second wall 222 may be any value between 0.05 mm and 3 mm, including both end values of 0.05 mm and 3 mm.
  • the above arrangement scheme can control the wall thickness of the first wall 221 and the wall thickness of the second wall 222 within an appropriate range, and can avoid An excessively large wall thickness difference between the first wall 221 and the second wall 222 increases the difficulty of processing the housing 22 . Moreover, it can also ensure the accommodation space requirement of the casing 22 and increase the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • D1 and D2 may satisfy 0.1mm ⁇ D1-D2 ⁇ 0.7mm. This facilitates the processing of the casing 22 and ensures the energy density of the battery cell 20 .
  • the thickness of the first wall 221 is greater than or equal to 0.5mm, and the thickness of the first wall 221 may be 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, etc.
  • the first wall 221 adopts the above structure, so that the first wall 221 has sufficient thickness, which is beneficial to the connection and support with the pressure relief mechanism 24 and improves the service life of the pressure relief mechanism 24 .
  • the minimum distance d between the edge of the first wall 221 and the pressure relief mechanism 24 is greater than 2mm.
  • the width direction of the first wall 221 is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the first wall 221 , and the edge of the first wall 221 can be understood as the outermost contour shape of the first wall 221 .
  • the edge of the first wall 221 is the outermost rectangular outline of the first wall 221 .
  • the process of connecting the pressure relief mechanism 24 with the first wall 221 after being integrally formed or separately arranged ensures that the first wall
  • the connection requirements between 221 and the pressure relief mechanism 24 avoid the difficulty in forming or connecting the two in the forming or connecting form due to the small minimum distance d between the two.
  • the length dimension of the pressure relief mechanism 24 is L, and the width dimension is D, and L and D satisfy: L/D ⁇ 8.
  • the length direction and the width direction of the pressure relief mechanism 24 are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the first wall 221 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 24 is not easily deformed during the process of being integrally formed with the first wall 221 or connected with each other after being separately arranged.
  • the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 exceeds a preset threshold, even if the pressure relief mechanism 24 is actuated, pressure fluctuations can be reduced, improving the safety performance of the battery cell 20 .
  • the size of the pressure relief mechanism 24 in the length direction of the first wall 221 is a length dimension L
  • the size of the pressure relief mechanism 24 in the width direction of the first wall 221 is D
  • L and D satisfy : L > D.
  • the length direction of the first wall 221 can be consistent with the length direction of the pressure relief mechanism 24, and the width direction of the first wall 221 can be consistent with the width direction of the pressure relief mechanism 24.
  • the shape of the pressure relief mechanism 24 can be consistent with the first
  • the shape of the wall 221 is adapted to ensure the connection between the pressure relief mechanism 24 and the first wall 221 , and facilitate the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism 24 to release the pressure when the gas pressure inside the casing 22 reaches a threshold.
  • the area of the first wall 221 is smaller than the area of the second wall 222 .
  • the area of the first wall 221 refers to the area of the outer contour shape of the orthographic projection of the first wall 221 on its own thickness direction. For example, when the orthographic projection of the first wall 221 on its own thickness direction is a rectangle, its area is the rectangle. The area of the outer contour of the outer wheel.
  • the area of the second wall 222 refers to the area of the outer contour shape of the orthographic projection of the second wall 222 on its own thickness direction. For example, when the orthographic projection of the second wall 222 on its own thickness direction is a rectangle, its area is the rectangle. The area of the outer contour of the outer wheel.
  • the pressure on the first wall 221 is greater. , which facilitates the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism 24 located on the first wall 221 to release the pressure.
  • openings 22 a are formed at both ends of the casing 22 , and each opening 22 a is closed with a cover assembly 21 .
  • the casing 22 also includes a third wall 223 for connecting the two second walls 222, the third wall 223 is opposite to the first wall 221, the thickness of the first wall 221 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the third wall 223, The thickness of the third wall 223 is greater than that of the second wall 222 .
  • the openings 22a formed at both ends of the casing 22 may have the same shape, and may be rectangular.
  • the third wall 223 and the first wall 221 are arranged symmetrically at intervals, the first wall 221 may be located at the same end of the two second walls 222 , and the third wall 223 may be located at the other end of the two second walls 222 .
  • the wall thickness of the third wall 223 can be understood as the thickness of the third wall 223 in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the third wall 223 facing the inner accommodation space of the housing 22 .
  • the thickness direction of the third wall 223 is consistent with the thickness direction of the first wall 221 .
  • the casing 22 adopts the above-mentioned structural form, which is beneficial to lead out the electrode terminals 21a on both sides.
  • the wall thickness of the first wall 221 is greater than or equal to the wall thickness of the third wall 223 and the wall thickness of the third wall 223 is greater than the wall thickness of the second wall 222.
  • Appropriately thickening the third wall 223 is conducive to strengthening the shell 22 strength, improving the safety performance of the casing 22.
  • the asymmetry between the top and bottom of the housing 22 is improved, and the problem of cracks caused by inconsistent material flow rates during the extrusion process is solved.
  • the first wall 221 has a through hole 224 extending along the thickness direction of the first wall 221, the pressure relief mechanism 24 is disposed inside the through hole 224, and the first wall 221 faces the electrode in the thickness direction. At least one of the surface of the assembly 23 and the surface facing away from the electrode assembly 23 is spaced apart from the pressure relief mechanism 24 .
  • the surface of the first wall 221 facing the electrode assembly 23 may be spaced apart from the pressure relief mechanism 24 . It is also possible that the surface of the first wall 221 facing away from the electrode assembly 23 is spaced apart from the pressure relief mechanism 24 . Of course, in some embodiments, the surface of the first wall 221 facing the electrode assembly 23 and the surface facing away from the electrode assembly 23 may also be spaced apart from the pressure relief mechanism 24 .
  • the through hole 224 is a stepped hole, and the through hole 224 includes a first hole segment 2241, a second hole segment 2242 and a hole connected to the first hole segment 2241 and the second hole segment.
  • the aperture diameter of the first hole section 2241 is smaller than the aperture diameter of the second hole section 2242, and the second hole section 2242 is located on the side of the first hole section 2241 away from the electrode assembly 23 for pressure relief.
  • the mechanism 24 is disposed on the second hole section 2242 , and the first stepped surface 2243 is used to support the pressure relief mechanism 24 .
  • the cross section of the first hole segment 2241 and the second hole segment 2242 can be polygonal.
  • the aperture of the first hole segment 2241 and the aperture of the second hole segment 2242 can be The diameter of the circumcircle or inscribed circle of the two.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 24 can be limited by the first stepped surface 2243, and at the same time, the pressure relief mechanism 24 and the surface of the first wall 221 facing the electrode assembly 23 can be arranged at intervals to avoid the inside of the battery cell 20. Parts such as the electrode assembly 23 damage the pressure relief mechanism 24 .
  • the through hole 224 further includes a third hole section 2244 and a second stepped surface 2245, the third hole section 2244 is disposed on the side of the second hole section 2242 away from the first hole section 2241, and the second stepped surface 2245 It is connected to the second hole segment 2242 and the third hole segment 2244 .
  • the surface of the first wall 221 facing away from the electrode assembly 23 is spaced apart from the pressure relief mechanism 24 , so as to prevent the foreign matter outside the battery cell 20 from scratching the pressure relief mechanism 24 and ensure the safety performance of the battery cell 20 .
  • the diameter of the third hole section 2244 may be larger than that of the second hole section 2242 to facilitate the installation of the pressure relief mechanism 24 .
  • the battery cell 20 further includes a protective film 25.
  • the protective film 25 is arranged on the side of the pressure relief mechanism 24 away from the electrode assembly 23.
  • the protective film 25 is spaced apart from the pressure relief mechanism 24.
  • a cavity 27 is formed between the hole wall of the through hole 224 and the pressure relief mechanism 24 .
  • the protective film 25 can be made of PET and other materials, and the protective film 25 can be located inside the through hole 224 , and certainly can be located outside the through hole 224 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 24 can be protected, preventing foreign matter outside the battery cell 20 from scratching the pressure relief mechanism 24 .
  • the formation of the cavity between the protective film 25, the hole wall of the through hole 224 and the pressure relief mechanism 24 is conducive to the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism 24 when the internal pressure of the battery cell 20 reaches the threshold value, and prevents the protective film 25 from exerting pressure on the pressure relief mechanism 24. actuation has an effect.
  • the protective film 25 is pasted on the surface of the first wall 221 away from the electrode assembly 23, the surface of the first wall 221 away from the electrode assembly 23 is provided with a communication mechanism 26, and one end of the communication mechanism 26 is connected to The chamber communicates, and the other end communicates with the external space.
  • the communication mechanism 26 may be a communication hole, a communication groove, a communication tube and the like provided on at least one of the protective film 25 and the first wall 221 .
  • the chamber 27 can be communicated with the external space of the battery cell 20 by the communication mechanism 26, so that the air pressure on the side of the pressure relief mechanism 24 away from the electrode assembly 23 is consistent with the external air pressure, so that the pressure relief mechanism 24 When the gas pressure inside housing 22 reaches a threshold, it can be actuated in time to relieve the pressure.
  • the through hole 224 further includes a fourth hole section 2246 and a third stepped surface 2247, the fourth hole section 2246 is disposed on the side of the third hole section 2244 away from the second hole section 2242, the third hole section 2246 The stepped surface 2247 is connected to the third hole section 2244 and the fourth hole section 2246 .
  • a communication mechanism 26 is provided on the third step surface 2247, one end of the communication mechanism 26 communicates with the chamber 27, and the other end communicates with the external space.
  • the communication mechanism 26 may be a communication groove, a communication hole, etc. provided on the third stepped surface 2247 .
  • the protective film 25 can be located in the fourth hole section 2246, so that the protective film 25 does not protrude from the surface of the first wall 221 away from the electrode assembly 23, thereby preventing the battery cell 20 from moving The protective film 25 is scratched and dropped.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a battery, which includes the battery cells 20 provided in the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the battery provided in the embodiment of the present application further includes a cooling component 30 for cooling the battery cells 20 .
  • the cooling component 30 may cover and be in contact with at least one of the first wall 221 and the second wall 222 .
  • the cooling component 30 may also cover the third wall 223 and be in contact with the third wall. 223 contacts.
  • the cooling component 30 By arranging the cooling component 30 , the cooling requirement for the battery cell 20 can be realized, and thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 can be avoided.
  • the cooling component 30 in the thickness direction of the first wall 221, the cooling component 30 is at least partially spaced from and opposite to the first wall 221, and the cover assembly 21 is located between the cooling component 30 and the first wall. Between 221.
  • the cooling component 30, the first wall 221 and the cover assembly 21 can be provided on different surfaces, so as to prevent the electrode terminals 21a on the cover assembly 21 from interfering with the cooling component 30 and increase the distance between the cooling component 30 and the battery cell 20.
  • the contact area improves the cooling effect of the cooling member 30 on the battery cell 20 .
  • the cooling component 30 includes a first cooling plate 31 and a second cooling plate 32 arranged at intervals in the thickness direction of the first wall 221, and the first cooling plate 31 An escape hole 321 is provided, the first cooling plate 31 is used to cover the first wall 221 where the pressure relief mechanism 24 is located and the escape hole 321 is used to avoid the pressure relief mechanism 24, and the second cooling plate 32 is used to cover the casing 22 away from the pressure relief One side of mechanism 24.
  • the cover assembly 21 is located between the first wall 221 and the second cooling plate 32 of the cooling part 30 .
  • the cooling component 30 can contact and exchange heat with the first wall 221 and the wall surface opposite to the first wall 221 , so as to optimize the cooling effect.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，电池单体包括：电极组件；壳体，用于容纳电极组件；盖组件，用于封闭壳体的开口；其中，壳体包括第一壁和相对设置的两个第二壁，第一壁用于连接两个第二壁，第一壁的壁厚大于第二壁的壁厚，第一壁设置有泄压机构，泄压机构用于在壳体内部的气体压力达到阈值时致动以泄放压力。本申请电池单体能够满足电池单体的内部气体的释放要求，同时能够保证电池单体的安全性能。

Description

电池单体、电池及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及储能技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池单体、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
电池广泛用于电子设备，例如手机、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、电动飞机、电动轮船、电动玩具汽车、电动玩具轮船、电动玩具飞机和电动工具等等。
在电池技术的发展中，在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池单体的性能外，安全问题也是一个需要考虑的问题。因此，如何提高电池单体的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池单体、电池及用电装置，电池单体能够满足电池单体的内部气体的释放要求，同时能够保证电池单体的安全性能。
一方面，根据本申请实施例提出了一种电池单体，包括：电极组件；壳体，用于容纳电极组件；盖组件，用于封闭壳体的开口；其中，壳体包括第一壁和相对设置的两个第二壁，第一壁用于连接两个第二壁，第一壁的壁厚大于第二壁的壁厚，第一壁设置有泄压机构，泄压机构用于在壳体内部的气体压力达到阈值时致动以泄放压力。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，第一壁的壁厚为D1，第二壁的壁厚为D2，D1和D2满足：0.05毫米≤D1-D2≤3毫米。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，第一壁的壁厚大于或者等于0.5mm。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，在第一壁的宽度方向上，第一壁的边缘与泄压机构之间的最小距离d大于2mm。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，泄压机构的长度尺寸为L，宽度尺寸为D，L和D满足：L/D≤8。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，泄压机构在第一壁的长度方向上的尺寸为长度尺寸L，泄压机构在第一壁的宽度方向上的尺寸为D，L和D满足：L＞D。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，第一壁的面积小于第二壁的面积。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，壳体的两端均形成有开口，每个开口均封闭有盖组件；壳体还包括用于连接两个第二壁的第三壁，第三壁和第一壁相对设置，第一壁的壁厚大于或者等于第三壁的壁厚，第三壁的壁厚大于第二壁的壁厚。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，第一壁具有沿第一壁的厚度方向延伸的通孔，泄压机构设置于通孔内部，在厚度方向上，第一壁面向电极组件的表面以及背离电极组件的表面中的至少一者与泄压机构间隔设置。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，通孔为阶梯孔，通孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及连接于第一孔段以及第二孔段之间的第一台阶面，第一孔段的孔径小于第二孔段的孔径，第二孔段位于第一孔段背离电极组件的一侧，泄压机构设置于第二孔段，第 一台阶面用于支撑泄压机构。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，通孔还包括第三孔段以及第二台阶面，第三孔段设置于第二孔段背离第一孔段的一侧，第二台阶面连接于第二孔段以及第三孔段。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，电池单体还包括保护膜，保护膜设置于泄压机构背离电极组件的一侧，并与泄压机构间隔设置，保护膜、通孔的孔壁和泄压机构之间形成有腔室。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，保护膜粘贴于第一壁的背离电极组件的表面，第一壁的背离电极组件的表面上设有连通机构，连通机构的一端与腔室连通，另一端与外部空间连通。
根据本申请实施例的一个方面，通孔还包括第四孔段以及第三台阶面，第四孔段设置于第三孔段背离第二孔段的一侧，第三台阶面连接于第三孔段以及第四孔段；第三台阶面上设有连通机构，连通机构的一端于腔室连通，另一端与外部空间连通。
另一个方面，根据本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括：上述的电池单体；冷却部件，冷却部件覆盖至少部分壳体并用于冷却电池单体。
根据本申请实施例的另一个方面，在第一壁的厚度方向上，冷却部件至少部分与第一部件间隔且相对设置，盖组件位于冷却部件以及第一壁之间。
根据本申请实施例的另一个方面，冷却部件包括在厚度方向间隔设置的第一冷却板以及第二冷却板，第一冷却板上设置有避让孔，第一冷却板用于覆盖泄压机构所在的第一壁且避让孔用于避让泄压机构，第二冷却板用于覆盖壳体背离泄压机构的一侧。
又一个方面，根据本申请实施例提供一种用电装置，包括上述的电池，电池用于提供电能。
根据本申请实施例提供的电池单体、电池及用电装置，电池单体包括电极组件、壳体以及盖组件，通过壳体容纳电极组件，并通过盖组件封闭壳体的开口设置。壳体包括第一壁和相对设置的两个第二壁，第一壁用于连接两个第二壁，第一壁设置有泄压机构，使得泄压机构在壳体内部的气体压力达到阈值时致动以泄放压力，保证电池单体的安全性能。并且，通过使得第一壁的壁厚大于第二壁的壁厚，能够增加第一壁的壁厚，进而加强第一壁对防爆阀的支撑，提高防爆阀的使用寿命，进一步保证电池单体的安全性能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
下面将参考附图来描述本申请示例性实施例的特征、优点和技术效果。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池的爆炸图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4是本申请一个实施例的壳体的结构示意图；
图5是本申请一个实施例的电池的仰视图；
图6是本申请一个实施例的壳体的分解图；
图7是本申请一个实施的壳体的局部剖视图；
图8是本申请一个实施例的壳体与泄压机构以及保护膜的配合示意图；
图9是图8中A处的局部放大图；
图10是本申请另一个实施例的电池的爆炸图。
1000-车辆；
100-电池；200-控制器；300-马达；
10-箱体；11-第一部分；12-第二部分；13-容纳空间；
20-电池单体；
21-盖组件；21a-电极端子；21b-盖板；
22-壳体；22a-开口；221-第一壁；222-第二壁；223-第三壁；224-通孔；2241-第一孔段；2242-第二孔段；2243-第一台阶面；2244-第三孔段；2245-第二台阶面；2246-第四孔段；2247-第三台阶面；
23-电极组件；
24-泄压机构；
25-保护膜；
26-连通机构；
27-腔室；
30-冷却部件；31-第一冷却板；32-第二冷却板；321-避让孔。
在附图中，相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件以及用于容纳电极组件的壳体，电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。
在电池单体中，多次经历充放电循环，存在副反应，持续产生气体，使电池单体的内部存在一定的气压，随着气压的升高会导致极片之间的气体不能及时排除，从而影响锂离子的嵌入和脱出，进而导致析锂风险。为保证电池单体的安全性，一般会在电池单体的壳体上设置泄压机构，通过泄压机构来排出电池单体内部产生的气体，以保证电池单体的安全性。
发明人发现，电池单体在使用过程中，壳体对应泄压机构的壁部对泄压机构的支撑能力不足，影响泄压机构的使用寿命，进而对电池单体的安全性能产生隐患。
发明人进一步通过大量研究发现，已有的电池单体，其壳体通常各侧壁采用等壁厚的设计方式，并且，为了保证电池单体的可利用空间，提高其能量密度，侧壁通常都设计的较薄。因此，导致泄压机构与壳体对应区域的侧壁之间的连接面积较小，不利于泄压机构与壳体的侧壁之间的连接，侧壁对泄压机构的支撑能力较弱，进而影响泄压机构的使用寿命。
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池单体，包括壳体、电极组件以及盖组件，壳体用于容纳电极组件，盖组件用于封闭壳体的开口，其中，壳体包括第一壁和相对设置的两个第二壁，第一壁用于连接两个第二壁，第一壁的壁厚大于第二壁的壁厚，第一壁设置有泄压机构，泄压机构用于在壳体内部的气体压力达到阈值时致动以泄放 压力。
相对于已有的电池单体，增加了泄压机构所在第一壁的壁厚，能够加强第一壁对防爆阀的支撑，提高防爆阀的使用寿命，进一步保证电池的安提的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的电池单体适用于电池以及使用电池的用电装置及设备。
用电装置及设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
请参照图1，图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆1000的结构示意图。车辆1000可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1000的内部设置有电池100，电池100可以设置在车辆1000的底部或头部或尾部。电池100可以用于车辆1000的供电，例如，电池100可以作为车辆1000的操作电源。车辆1000还可以包括控制器200和马达300，控制器200用来控制电池100为马达300供电，例如，用于车辆1000的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池100不仅可以作为车辆1000的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1000的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1000提供驱动动力。
请参照图2，图2为本申请一些实施例提供的电池100的爆炸图。电池100包括箱体10和电池单体20，电池单体20容纳于箱体10内。其中，箱体10用于为电池单体20提供容纳空间，箱体10可以采用多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体10可以包括第一部分11和第二部分12，第一部分11与第二部分12相互盖合，第一部分11和第二部分12共同限定出用于容纳电池单体20的容纳空间13。第二部分12可以为一端开口的空心结构，第一部分11可以为板状结构，第一部分11盖合于第二部分12的开口侧，以使第一部分11与第二部分12共同限定出容纳空间13。第一部分11和第二部分12也可以是均为一侧开口的空心结构，第一部分11的开口侧盖合于第二部分12的开口侧。当然，第一部分11和第二部分12形成的箱体10可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
在电池100中，电池单体20可以是多个，多个电池单体20之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体20中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体20之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体20构成的整体容纳于箱体10内。当然，电池100也可以是多个电池单体20先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块形式，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体10内。电池100还可以包括其他结构，例如，该电池100还可以包括汇流部件，用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接。
其中，每个电池单体20可以为二次电池或一次电池；还可以是锂硫电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池，但不局限于此。电池单体20可呈扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
请参照图3以及图4所示，电池单体20是指组成电池的最小单元。电池单体20包括壳体22、电极组件23以及盖组件21，壳体22用于容纳电极组件23，盖组件21用于封闭壳体22的开口22a，其中，壳体22包括第一壁221和相对设置的两个第二壁222，第一壁221用于连接两个第二壁222，第一壁221的壁厚大于第二壁222的壁厚，第一壁221设置有泄压机构24，泄压机构24用于在壳体22内部的气体压力达到阈值时致动以泄放压力。
可选地，壳体22具有容纳空间，壳体22所包括的第一壁221以及第二壁222可以相交设置，可选为相互垂直设置。两个第二壁222彼此之间的间隔可以根据电极组件23的尺寸设置，电极组件23位于第一壁221以及第二壁222之间。
第一壁221的壁厚可以理解为在与第一壁221面向壳体22内部容纳空间的表面相垂直的方向上，第一壁221各处的厚度。
第二壁222的壁厚可以理解为在与第二壁222面向壳体22内部容纳空间表面相垂直的方向上，第二壁222各处的厚度。
两个第二壁222的厚度可以相等，当然也可以其中一者大于另一者的厚度。
壳体22所包括的开口22a数量可以为一个，当然可以为两个，当为两个时，两个开口22a可以间隔且相对设置。
可选地，盖组件21是指盖合于壳体22的开口22a处以将电池单体20的内部环境隔绝于外部环境的部件。不限地，盖组件21的形状可以与壳体22的形状相适应以配合壳体22。
可选地，盖组件21可以由具有一定硬度和强度的材质(如铝合金)制成，这样，盖组件21在受挤压碰撞时就不易发生形变，使电池单体20能够具备更高的结构强度，安全性能也可以有所提高。盖组件21上可以包括有如电极端子21a等的功能性部件。电极端子21a可以用于与电极组件23电连接，以用于输出或输入电池单体20的电能。盖组件21的材质也可以是多种的，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
如图3以及图4所示，壳体22是用于配合盖组件21以形成电池单体20的内部环境的组件，其中，形成的内部环境可以用于容纳电极组件23、电解液以及其他部件。壳体22和盖组件21可以是独立的部件，可以于壳体22上设置开口22a，通过在开口22a处使盖组件21盖合开口22a以形成电池单体20的内部环境。
不限地，也可以使盖组件21和壳体22一体化，具体地，盖组件21和壳体22可以在其他部件入壳前先形成一个共同的连接面，当需要封装壳体22的内部时，再使盖组件21盖合壳体22。壳体22可以是多种形状和多种尺寸的，例如长方体形、六棱柱形等。具体地，壳体22的形状可以根据电极组件23的具体形状和尺寸大小来确定。壳体22的材质可以是多种，比如，铜、铁、铝、不锈钢、铝合金、塑胶等，本申请实施例对此不作特殊限制。
电极组件23是电池单体20中发生电化学反应的部件。壳体22内可以包含一个或更多个电极组件23。电极组件23主要由正极片和负极片卷绕或层叠放置形成，并且通常在正极片与负极片之间设有隔膜。正极片和负极片具有活性物质的部分构成电极组件23的主体部，正极片和负极片不具有活性物质的部分各自构成极耳。正极极耳和负极极耳可以共同位于主体部的一端或是分别位于主体部的两端。在电池的充放电过程中，正极活性物质和负极活性物质与电解液发生反应，极耳连接电极端子21a以形成电流回路。
泄压机构24设置于壳体22的第一壁221，用于在壳体22内部的气体压力达到 阈值时将气体排出至壳体22的外部，泄压机构24可以为防爆阀等在压力达到阈值时能够爆破或者敞开以将气体排出至壳体22的外部。
泄压机构24与壳体22的第一壁221之间可以为一体结构，当然也可以使得二者分体加工后并连接为一体，例如当二者分体设置时，彼此之间可以通过焊接等方式连接。
本申请实施例提供的电池单体20，通过壳体22容纳电极组件23，并通过盖组件21封闭壳体22的开口22a设置。壳体22包括第一壁221和相对设置的两个第二壁222，第一壁221用于连接两个第二壁222，第一壁221设置有泄压机构24，使得泄压机构24在壳体22内部的气体压力达到阈值时致动以泄放压力，保证电池单体20的安全性能。并且，通过使得第一壁221的壁厚大于第二壁222的壁厚，使得第一壁221的壁厚增加，能够加强第一壁221对防爆阀的支撑，增加泄压机构24与第一壁221之间的连接面积，避免在泄压机构24工作时因与第一壁221之间的连接强度不足等原因导致泄压机构24损害，提高泄压机构24的使用寿命，进一步保证电池单体20的安全性能。
在一些可选的实施例中，第一壁221的壁厚为D1，第二壁222的壁厚为D2，D1和D2满足：0.05毫米≤D1-D2≤3毫米。
第一壁221的壁厚D1与第二壁222的壁厚D2之间的差值可以为0.05毫米、3毫米之间的任意数值，包括0.05毫米、3毫米两个端值。
上述设置方案，能够将第一壁221的壁厚与第二壁222的壁厚控制在合适的范围内，在保证第一壁221对泄压机构24的连接与支撑要求的基础上，能够避免第一壁221与第二壁222之间的壁厚差值过大增加壳体22的加工难度。并且，还能够保证壳体22的容纳空间要求，提高电池单体20的能量密度。
一些可选地实施例中，D1和D2可以满足0.1毫米≤D1-D2≤0.7毫米。利于壳体22的加工，保证电池单体20的能量密度。
在一些可选地实施例中，第一壁221的壁厚大于或者等于0.5mm，第一壁221的壁厚可以为0.5mm、0.6mm、0.7mm、0.8mm、0.9mm、1mm等。
第一壁221采用上述结构形式，使得第一壁221有足够的厚度，利于与泄压机构24之间的连接与支撑，提高泄压机构24的使用寿命。
如图3至图5所示，在一些可选的实施例中，在第一壁221的宽度方向上，第一壁221的边缘与泄压机构24之间的最小距离d大于2mm。
第一壁221的宽度方向与第一壁221的厚度方向相垂直，第一壁221的边缘可以理解为第一壁221的最外侧的外轮廓形状。当第一壁221的形状为矩形时，第一壁221的边缘为第一壁221最外侧的矩形轮廓。
通过使得第一壁221的边缘与泄压机构24之间的最小距离d大于2mm，使得泄压机构24在与第一壁221一体成型或者分体设置后相互连接的过程中，保证第一壁221与泄压机构24之间的连接需求，避免因二者之间的最小距离d值过小导致二者在成型或者连接形式存在成型或者连接困难。
在一些可选地实施例中，泄压机构24的长度尺寸为L，宽度尺寸为D，L和D满足：L/D≤8。
泄压机构24的长度方向以及宽度方向与第一壁221的厚度方向彼此相垂直。
通过上述设置，使得泄压机构24在与第一壁221一体成型或者分体设置后相互连接的的过程中不易变形。当电池单体20内部压力超过预设阈值时，即使泄压机构24致动能够减小压力波动，提升电池单体20的安全性能。
作为一种可选地方式，泄压机构24在第一壁221的长度方向上的尺寸为长度尺寸L，泄压机构24在第一壁221的宽度方向上的尺寸为D，L和D满足：L＞D。
第一壁221的长度方向与泄压机构24的长度方向可以一致，第一壁221的宽度方向与泄压机构24的宽度方向可以一致，通过上述设置，使得泄压机构24的形状与第一壁221的形状相适配，保证泄压机构24与第一壁221之间的连接需求，并且当壳体22内部的气体压力达到阈值时利于泄压机构24致动以泄放压力。
在一些可选的实施例中，第一壁221的面积小于第二壁222的面积。
第一壁221的面积是指第一壁221在自身厚度方向上的正投影的外轮廓形状的面积，例如当第一壁221在自身厚度方向上的正投影为矩形时，其面积为该矩形外轮外轮廓的面积。
第二壁222的面积是指第二壁222在自身厚度方向上的正投影的外轮廓形状的面积，例如当第二壁222在自身厚度方向上的正投影为矩形时，其面积为该矩形外轮外轮廓的面积。
通过使得第一壁221的面积小于第二壁222的面积，能够使得在承受同等压力的情况下，由于第一壁221的面积小于第二壁222的面积，第一壁221承受的压强较大，利于位于第一壁221上的泄压机构24致动以泄放压力。
如图3至图6所示，在一些可选的实施例中，壳体22的两端均形成有开口22a，每个开口22a均封闭有盖组件21。壳体22还包括用于连接两个第二壁222的第三壁223，第三壁223和第一壁221相对设置，第一壁221的壁厚大于或者等于第三壁223的壁厚，第三壁223的壁厚大于第二壁222的壁厚。
可选地，壳体22两端形成的开口22a形状可以相同，可选为矩形。
可选地，第三壁223与第一壁221间隔且对称设置，第一壁221可以位于两个第二壁222的同一端，第三壁223可以位于两个第二壁222另一端。
可选地，第三壁223的壁厚可以理解为在与第三壁223面向壳体22内部容纳空间的表面相垂直的方向上，第三壁223各处的厚度。
可选地，第三壁223的厚度方向与第一壁221的厚度方向一致。
壳体22采用上述结构形式，利于双侧引出电极端子21a。并且，第一壁221的壁厚大于或者等于第三壁223的壁厚且第三壁223的壁厚大于第二壁222的壁厚，对第三壁223适当加厚，有利于加强壳体22强度，改善壳体22安全性能。同时改善壳体22上下的不对称性，解决挤出型材过程中材料流速不一致导致的裂纹问题。
在一些可选地实施例中，第一壁221具有沿第一壁221的厚度方向延伸的通孔224，泄压机构24设置于通孔224内部，在厚度方向上，第一壁221面向电极组件23的表面以及背离电极组件23的表面中的至少一者与泄压机构24间隔设置。
在第一壁221的厚度方向，可以使得第一壁221面向电极组件23的表面与泄压机构24间隔设置。也可以使得第一壁221背离电极组件23的表面与泄压机构24间隔设置。当然，在有些实施例中，还可以使得第一壁221面向电极组件23的表面以及背离电极组件23的表面均与泄压机构24间隔设置。
通过上述设置，能够有效的防止电池单体20的内部和/或外部的异物损伤泄压机构24，提高电池单体20的安全性能。
如图7至图9所示，在一可选地实施例中，通孔224为阶梯孔，通孔224包括第一孔段2241、第二孔段2242以及连接于第一孔段2241以及第二孔段2242之间的第一台阶面2243，第一孔段2241的孔径小于第二孔段2242的孔径，第二孔段2242位于第一孔段2241背离电极组件23的一侧，泄压机构24设置于第二孔段2242，第一台 阶面2243用于支撑泄压机构24。
第一孔段2241以及第二孔段2242的截面可以为多边形，当第一孔段2241以及第二孔段2242为多边形时，第一孔段2241的孔径以及第二孔段2242的孔径可以为二者各自的外接圆或者内切圆的孔径。
通过上述设置，能够通过第一台阶面2243对泄压机构24进行限位，同时，并且能够使得泄压机构24与第一壁221面向电极组件23的表面间隔设置，避免电池单体20内部的电极组件23等部件损伤泄压机构24。
在一些实施例中，通孔224还包括第三孔段2244以及第二台阶面2245，第三孔段2244设置于第二孔段2242背离第一孔段2241的一侧，第二台阶面2245连接于第二孔段2242以及第三孔段2244。
通过上述设置，使得第一壁221面背离电极组件23的表面与泄压机构24间隔设置，进而避免电池单体20外部的异物等划伤泄压机构24，保证电池单体20的安全性能。
可选地，第三孔段2244的孔径可以大于第二孔段2242的孔径，以利于泄压机构24的安装。
在一些可选地实施中，电池单体20还包括保护膜25，保护膜25设置于泄压机构24背离电极组件23的一侧，保护膜25与泄压机构24间隔设置，保护膜25、通孔224的孔壁和泄压机构24之间形成有腔室27。
保护膜25可以为PET等材质，保护膜25可以位于通孔224内，当然可以位于通孔224外。
通过设置保护膜25，能够对泄压机构24进行防护，避免电池单体20外部的异物对泄压机构24产生划伤等伤害。同时，保护膜25、通孔224的孔壁和泄压机构24之间腔室的形成利于当电池单体20内部压力达到阈值泄压机构24的致动，避免保护膜25对泄压机构24的致动产生影响。
在一些可选地实施例中，保护膜25粘贴于第一壁221的背离电极组件23的表面，第一壁221的背离电极组件23的表面上设有连通机构26，连通机构26的一端与腔室连通，另一端与外部空间连通。
连通机构26可以为设置于保护膜25、第一壁221等至少一者上的连通孔、连通槽、连通管等结构。
通过设置连通机构26，能够利用连通机构26将腔室27与电池单体20的外部空间连通，进而使得泄压机构24背离电极组件23一侧的气压与外界气压保持一致，使得泄压机构24在在壳体22内部的气体压力达到阈值时能够及时致动以泄放压力。
在一些可选地实施例中，通孔224还包括第四孔段2246以及第三台阶面2247，第四孔段2246设置于第三孔段2244背离第二孔段2242的一侧，第三台阶面2247连接于第三孔段2244以及第四孔段2246。第三台阶面2247上设有连通机构26，连通机构26的一端与腔室27连通，另一端与外部空间连通。
连通机构26可以为设置于第三台阶面2247上的连通槽、连通孔等。
通过设置第四孔段2246，使得保护膜25可以位于第四孔段2246内，使得保护膜25不凸出于第一壁221背离电极组件23的表面，进而防止电池单体20在移动过程中保护膜25被剐蹭掉落。
另一方面，本申请实施例还提供一种电池，该电池包括上述各实施例提供的电池单体20。
如图10所示，可选地，本申请实施例提供的电池，还包括冷却部件30，冷却部件30用于冷却电池单体20。
冷却部件30可以覆盖第一壁221、第二壁222中的至少一者并与其接触，当电池单体20包括第三壁223时，冷却部件30也可以覆盖第三壁223并与第三壁223接触。
通过设置冷却部件30，能够实现对电池单体20的降温需求，避免电池单体20热失控。
在一些实施例中，本申请实施例提供的电池，在第一壁221的厚度方向上，冷却部件30至少部分与第一壁221间隔且相对设置，盖组件21位于冷却部件30以及第一壁221之间。通过上述设置，可以使得冷却部件30与第一壁221以及盖组件21分别设置不同的表面，避免盖组件21上的电极端子21a对冷却部件30产生干涉，增加冷却部件30与电池单体20的接触面积，提高冷却部件30对电池单体20的冷却效果。
作为一种可选地实施方式，本申请实施例提供的电池，冷却部件30包括在第一壁221的厚度方向间隔设置的第一冷却板31以及第二冷却板32，第一冷却板31上设置有避让孔321，第一冷却板31用于覆盖泄压机构24所在的第一壁221且避让孔321用于避让泄压机构24，第二冷却板32用于覆盖壳体22背离泄压机构24的一侧。
盖组件21位于第一壁221与冷却部件30的第二冷却板32之间。通过上述设置，使得冷却部件30能够与第一壁221以及与第一壁221相对设置的壁面接触并热交换，优化冷却效果。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电池单体，其特征在于，包括：
    电极组件；
    壳体，用于容纳所述电极组件；
    盖组件，用于封闭所述壳体的开口；
    其中，所述壳体包括第一壁和相对设置的两个第二壁，所述第一壁用于连接两个所述第二壁，所述第一壁的壁厚大于所述第二壁的壁厚，所述第一壁设置有泄压机构，所述泄压机构用于在所述壳体内部的气体压力达到阈值时致动以泄放所述压力。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一壁的壁厚为D1，所述第二壁的壁厚为D2，D1和D2满足：0.05毫米≤D1-D2≤3毫米。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一壁的壁厚大于或者等于0.5mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，在所述第一壁的宽度方向上，所述第一壁的边缘与所述泄压机构之间的最小距离d大于2mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述泄压机构的长度尺寸为L，宽度尺寸为D，L和D满足：L/D≤8。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述泄压机构在所述第一壁的长度方向上的尺寸为长度尺寸L，所述泄压机构在所述第一壁的宽度方向上的尺寸为D，L和D满足：L＞D。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一壁的面积小于所述第二壁的面积。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述壳体的两端均形成有所述开口，每个所述开口均封闭有所述盖组件；
    所述壳体还包括用于连接两个所述第二壁的第三壁，所述第三壁和所述第一壁相对设置，所述第一壁的壁厚大于或者等于所述第三壁的壁厚，所述第三壁的壁厚大于所述第二壁的壁厚。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8任意一项所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述第一壁具有沿所述第一壁的厚度方向延伸的通孔，所述泄压机构设置于所述通孔内部，在所述厚度方向上，所述第一壁面向所述电极组件的表面以及背离所述电极组件的表面中的至少一者与所述泄压机构间隔设置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述通孔为阶梯孔，所述通孔包括第一孔段、第二孔段以及连接于所述第一孔段以及所述第二孔段之间的第一台阶面，所述第一孔段的孔径小于所述第二孔段的孔径，所述第二孔段位于所述第一孔段背离所述电极组件的一侧，所述泄压机构设置于所述第二孔段，所述第一台阶面用于支撑所述泄压机构。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述通孔还包括第三孔段以及第二台阶面，所述第三孔段设置于所述第二孔段背离所述第一孔段的一侧，所述第二台阶面连接于所述第二孔段以及所述第三孔段。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述电池单体还包括保护膜，所述保护膜设置于所述泄压机构背离所述电极组件的一侧，并与所述泄压机构间隔设置，所述保护膜、所述通孔的孔壁和所述泄压机构之间形成有腔室。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述保护膜粘贴于所述第一 壁的背离所述电极组件的表面，所述第一壁的背离所述电极组件的表面上设有连通机构，所述连通机构的一端与所述腔室连通，另一端与外部空间连通。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池单体，其特征在于，所述通孔还包括第四孔段以及第三台阶面，所述第四孔段设置于所述第三孔段背离所述第二孔段的一侧，所述第三台阶面连接于所述第三孔段以及所述第四孔段；
    所述第三台阶面上设有连通机构，所述连通机构的一端于所述腔室连通，另一端与外部空间连通。
  15. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求1至14任一项所述的电池单体；
    冷却部件，所述冷却部件覆盖至少部分所述壳体并用于冷却所述电池单体。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池，其特征在于，在所述第一壁的厚度方向上，所述冷却部件至少部分与所述第一部件间隔且相对设置，所述盖组件位于冷却部件以及所述第一壁之间。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的电池，其特征在于，所述冷却部件包括在所述厚度方向间隔设置的第一冷却板以及第二冷却板，所述第一冷却板上设置有避让孔，所述第一冷却板用于覆盖所述泄压机构所在的所述第一壁且所述避让孔用于避让所述泄压机构，所述第二冷却板用于覆盖所述壳体背离所述泄压机构的一侧。
  18. 一种用电装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求15至17任意一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/078375 2022-02-28 2022-02-28 电池单体、电池及用电装置 Ceased WO2023159588A1 (zh)

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