WO2023166821A1 - 送電装置、非接触給電システム、送電方法、およびプログラム - Google Patents
送電装置、非接触給電システム、送電方法、およびプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023166821A1 WO2023166821A1 PCT/JP2022/046934 JP2022046934W WO2023166821A1 WO 2023166821 A1 WO2023166821 A1 WO 2023166821A1 JP 2022046934 W JP2022046934 W JP 2022046934W WO 2023166821 A1 WO2023166821 A1 WO 2023166821A1
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- power transmission
- power
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- receiving
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/32—Constructional details of charging stations by charging in short intervals along the itinerary, e.g. during short stops
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/65—Monitoring or controlling charging stations involving identification of vehicles or their battery types
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60M—POWER SUPPLY LINES, AND DEVICES ALONG RAILS, FOR ELECTRICALLY- PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60M7/00—Power lines or rails specially adapted for electrically-propelled vehicles of special types, e.g. suspension tramway, ropeway, underground railway
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
- H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Details of circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a power transmission device, a contactless power supply system, a power transmission method, and a program.
- a contactless power supply system that includes a power transmission device and a power reception device that switch the input impedance of a power transmission resonance circuit using a variable capacitor is known (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2021-23094).
- the capacitance of the variable capacitor is set to change according to the change in the magnetic flux generated in the power transmission coil when the power receiving coil changes from a non-facing state to a power transmitting coil to a state facing the power transmission coil. .
- the input impedance is reduced by switching the capacitance of the variable capacitor to a small value, and a power feeding state in which a large current flows through the power transmitting coil is established.
- the input impedance is increased by switching the capacitance of the variable capacitor to a large value, and a standby current flows through the power transmission coil, resulting in a non-powered state.
- a power transmitting device for contactlessly supplying power to a movable power receiving device.
- This power transmission device includes a power transmission resonance circuit having a power transmission coil and a power transmission resonance capacitor, a power transmission circuit for supplying AC power to the power transmission resonance circuit, and a power transmission request signal transmitted from the power reception device.
- a request signal receiving unit and a switching unit for switching a value of current flowing through the power transmission coil, wherein the value of current flowing through the power transmission coil is set to a current that can be supplied to the power receiving device when the power transmission request signal is received.
- a switching unit for changing the impedance to change the value.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a contactless power supply system including a power transmission device according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the circuit configuration of the contactless power supply system
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the circuit configuration of a power transmission resonance circuit located at the end of the power transmission possible area
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the circuit configuration of a power transmission resonance circuit located inside the power transmission possible area
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing switching processing of the power transmission device
- FIG. 6 is a flow diagram showing a processing routine for shifting the power transmission device to the standby state
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a contactless power supply system including a power transmission device according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the circuit configuration of the contactless power supply system
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing the circuit configuration of a power transmission resonance circuit located at the end of the power transmission possible area
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the circuit
- FIG. 7 is a flow diagram showing a processing routine for transition processing to an energized state of the power transmission device;
- FIG. 8 is a flow diagram showing a processing routine for shifting the power transmission device to a stopped state;
- FIG. 9 is a first explanatory diagram showing the relationship between a running vehicle and a power transmission device;
- FIG. 10 is a second explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the vehicle and the power transmission device during running;
- FIG. 11 is a third explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the vehicle in motion and the power transmission device;
- FIG. 12 is a fourth explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the running vehicle and the power transmission device;
- FIG. 13 is a fifth explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the vehicle in motion and the power transmission device;
- FIG. 9 is a flow diagram showing a processing routine for transition processing to an energized state of the power transmission device;
- FIG. 8 is a flow diagram showing a processing routine for shifting the power transmission device to a stopped state;
- FIG. 9 is
- FIG. 14 is a sixth explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the running vehicle and the power transmission device;
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of a power transmission device as another embodiment;
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of a power receiving device as another embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a contactless power supply system including a power transmission device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the contactless power supply system includes a power transmitting device 100 and a power receiving device 200 and is a system capable of contactlessly supplying power from the power transmitting device 100 to the power receiving device 200 .
- X, Y, and Z shown in FIG. 1 and each figure after FIG. 1 represent three spatial axes orthogonal to each other. Directions along these axes are also referred to herein as the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction. In the example of FIG.
- the X-axis direction coincides with the traveling direction of the vehicle CR along the lane of the vehicle travel path RS
- the Y-axis direction coincides with the width direction of the vehicle travel path RS
- the Z-axis direction is the direction of gravity. match the direction.
- the power transmission device 100 includes a power transmission resonance circuit 110, a power transmission circuit 130, and a power supply circuit 140.
- the power transmission resonance circuit 110, the power transmission circuit 130, and the power supply circuit 140 are embedded inside the vehicle travel path RS.
- the power transmission resonant circuit 110, the power transmission circuit 130, and the power supply circuit 140 are not limited to being inside the vehicle running path RS, and may be exposed on the vehicle running path RS.
- the power transmission circuit 130 and the power supply circuit 140 may be arranged, for example, on a side road, or may be arranged on the vehicle traveling road RS at a position that does not interfere with the travel of the vehicle CR.
- the power supply circuit 140 is, for example, an AC/DC converter circuit, which converts AC power from an AC power supply such as a system power supply into DC power and supplies it to the power transmission circuit 130 .
- the power transmission circuit 130 is a device including an inverter or the like that converts the DC power supplied from the power supply circuit 140 into AC power having an operating frequency and supplies the AC power to the power transmission resonance circuit 110 .
- the power transmission circuit 130 may include a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit, and the like.
- the power transmission resonance circuit 110 transmits the AC power induced in the power transmission coil 112 to the power reception resonance circuit 210 using the electromagnetic induction phenomenon.
- a plurality of power transmission resonant circuits 110 specifically, four power transmission resonant circuits 110P, 110Q, 110R, and 110S are arranged in a straight line along the travel direction (X-axis direction) of the vehicle CR on the vehicle travel road RS. It is laid continuously in a shape.
- the power transmission resonance circuits 110P, 110Q, 110R, and 110S are arranged in contact with each other. Also, one power transmission circuit 130 is provided for the four power transmission resonance circuits 110P, 110Q, 110R, and 110S.
- one power transmission circuit 130 and a plurality of power transmission resonance circuits 110 form one power transmission possible area SC1 arranged substantially linearly.
- a power transmittable area SC2 configured similarly to the power transmittable area SC1 is further provided at a position a predetermined distance away from the power transmittable area SC1.
- the power transmission resonance circuit 110 is a resonance circuit in which a power transmission coil 112 and a power transmission resonance capacitor 116 functioning as a resonance capacitor are connected in series, as shown in FIG.
- the power transmission resonance capacitor 116 is a resonance capacitor for resonating the power supplied to the power transmission coil 112 .
- the power transmission resonance capacitor 116 uses a unit whose capacitance can be varied.
- the AC voltage applied by the power transmission circuit 130 to the power transmission resonance circuit 110 is V1
- the AC current is I1
- the operating frequency is f0
- the power transmission coil 112 and the power transmission resonance capacitor 116 may be connected in parallel.
- the capacitance C1 When power is supplied from the power transmission device 100 to the power reception device 200, the capacitance C1 is such that the input impedance Z1 (V1/I1) of the power transmission resonance circuit 110 is small, and a large coil current for power supply is applied to the power transmission coil 112. is set to a value that flows When power is not supplied from the power transmitting device 100 to the power receiving device 200, the capacitance C1 is such that the input impedance Z1 of the power transmitting resonant circuit 110 is large and a small standby coil current flows through the power transmitting coil 112. set to the value
- L1 is the self-inductance of the power transmission coil 112; Therefore, in order to reduce the input impedance Z1, the capacitance C1 should be set so that the absolute value of [ ⁇ 0 ⁇ L1 ⁇ 1/( ⁇ 0 ⁇ C1)] becomes a predetermined impedance. Further, in order to increase the input impedance Z1, the capacitance C1 should be made smaller than when the input impedance Z1 is decreased so that the impedance corresponds to a predetermined standby current.
- the capacitance C1 at the time of power supply may be set so that the harmonic frequency of the x-th multiple (x is a positive number equal to or greater than 2) of the operating frequency f0 becomes the resonance frequency. That is, the capacitance C1 at the time of power supply is set to the value of the power transmission coil 112 according to various predetermined setting conditions so that the AC power of the operating frequency f0 is efficiently transmitted between the power transmission resonance circuit 110 and the power reception resonance circuit 210.
- the capacitance C1 during non-power feeding is set to a value sufficiently smaller than the value of the capacitance C1 during power feeding so that the input impedance Z1 has a value corresponding to a predetermined value of standby current.
- the power receiving device 200 is mounted on various devices that operate using electric power, such as electronic devices and electric vehicles.
- the power receiving device 200 is mounted on the vehicle CR.
- the vehicle CR is, for example, a vehicle equipped with a drive motor that uses electric power as power, such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
- the power receiving device 200 includes a power receiving resonant circuit 210 , a power receiving circuit 220 , a battery 230 , and a power receiving side short range communication unit 270 .
- the power receiving resonance circuit 210 is arranged, for example, on the bottom surface of the vehicle CR.
- the power receiving resonance circuit 210 includes a power receiving coil 212 .
- Power receiving resonance circuit 210 is a circuit for obtaining AC power induced in power receiving coil 212 in a state of resonance coupling in which power receiving coil 212 and power transmitting coil 112 are magnetically coupled.
- the power receiving coil 212 is installed at a position where it can face the power transmitting coil 112 of the power transmitting resonance circuit 110 on the bottom of the vehicle CR.
- the power induced in the power receiving resonance circuit 210 is charged to the battery 230 via the power receiving circuit 220 and used to drive a motor (not shown) or the like.
- the power receiving resonance circuit 210 is also a resonance circuit having a power receiving coil 212 and a power receiving resonance capacitor 216 connected in series, similar to the power transmission resonance circuit 110 .
- the power receiving resonance circuit 210 is a device that obtains AC power induced in the power receiving coil 212 .
- the power receiving resonant circuit 210 resonates with the power transmitting resonant circuit 110 to wirelessly receive AC power from the power transmitting device 100 .
- power receiving coil 212 faces power transmitting coil 112
- power transmitting coil 112 and power receiving coil 212 are electromagnetically coupled and resonate with power transmitting resonance circuit 110 . Note that, as shown in FIG.
- a resonance method (also referred to as “SS method”) using primary-series-secondary-series capacitors is applied to the power transmitting resonant circuit 110 and the power receiving resonant circuit 210 .
- a power transmitting side single-phase-power receiving side single phase non-contact power feeding system is applied in which the power transmitting side is configured with a single-phase power transmitting coil 112 and the power receiving side is configured with a single-phase power receiving coil 212 .
- the inductance of the power transmitting coil 112 is represented by Lt
- the capacitance of the power transmitting resonant capacitor 116 is represented by Ct.
- the inductance of power receiving coil 212 is represented by Lr
- the capacitance of power receiving resonance capacitor 216 is represented by Cr.
- the power receiving circuit 220 converts the AC power output from the power receiving resonance circuit 210 into DC power.
- the DC power output from power receiving circuit 220 can be used for charging battery 230 and the like.
- the power receiving circuit 220 includes, for example, a filter circuit, a rectifier circuit that converts AC power into DC power, and a power conversion circuit that converts the AC power into DC power suitable for charging the battery 230 .
- Battery 230 is, for example, a secondary battery that outputs DC power for driving a drive motor that is a drive source of vehicle CR.
- the DC power from power receiving circuit 220 may be used to charge an auxiliary battery (not shown) or to drive a drive motor or auxiliary equipment.
- the power transmission coil 112 is supplied with AC power from the power transmission circuit 130 while the power reception coil 212 faces the power transmission coil 112 .
- AC power is transmitted from power transmitting coil 112 to power receiving coil 212 .
- the AC power transmitted to power receiving coil 212 charges battery 230 via power receiving circuit 220 .
- AC power is not supplied from the power transmission circuit 130 to the power transmission coil 112 in a state where the power reception coil 212 is not facing, as will be described later.
- capacitance C2 may be set in consideration of the mutual coupling coefficient between power transmitting coil 112 and power receiving coil 212 .
- the capacitance C2 may be set so that the resonance frequency is the harmonic frequency that is x times the operating frequency f0.
- the capacitance C2 is set to the self-inductance L2 of the power receiving coil 212 according to various predetermined setting conditions so that the AC power of the operating frequency f0 is efficiently transmitted between the power transmitting resonant circuit 110 and the power receiving resonant circuit 210.
- operating frequency f0 (operating angular frequency ⁇ 0), coupling coefficient, or the like.
- the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 functions as a power transmission request signal transmission unit that transmits a power transmission request signal to the power transmission device 100 via short range communication.
- a “power transmission request signal” is a signal used to switch the power transmission device 100 to an energized state in which power can be supplied.
- the power transmission request signal includes position information and ID information of the vehicle CR.
- the "location information of the vehicle CR included in the power transmission request signal" is based on the establishment of short-range communication between the power receiving side short-range communication unit 270 and the power transmission side short-range communication unit 170 as RF tags. It means that the vehicle CR is detected within a predetermined distance from the unit 170 .
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the "position information of the vehicle CR included in the power transmission request signal" may include information on the absolute position of the vehicle CR and information on the relative position of the vehicle CR with respect to the power transmission device 100. .
- “ID information” is identification information of the vehicle CR in which the power receiving device 200 is mounted. However, the identification information is not limited to the identification information of the vehicle CR, and may be identification information of the power receiving coil 212 included in the power receiving device 200, or identification information of the user of the power receiving device 200, or a combination thereof. may be various identification information associated with.
- short range communication means wireless communication with a communication distance of 5 meters or less.
- the communication distance in short-range communication improves the distinguishability of one vehicle CR from a plurality of traveling vehicles, improves the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of power transmission device 100, From the viewpoint of suppressing power consumption and generation of unnecessary magnetic flux, the distance is more preferably about 1 to 100 cm.
- the power receiving side short-range communication unit 270 employs an active type RF-ID (Radio Frequency-Identification) tag that uses a radio system of 900 MHz band or 2.45 GHz band. .
- the RF-ID tag is also called "RF tag".
- the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 can perform periodic communication every predetermined unit time and periodically transmit a power transmission request signal.
- the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 may be a passive type RF tag.
- the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 may be an electromagnetic induction type RF tag instead of the radio wave type.
- the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 is not limited to the RF-ID tag, and may be, for example, a short-range wireless communication technology using a loop antenna.
- a short-range wireless communication technology that applies "Wavelet OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing)" may be used, and two-way wireless communication using the 5.8 GHz band such as DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication) Wireless communication using a scheme may be used.
- the vehicle CR further includes a vehicle information acquisition unit 260, a vehicle control unit 280, and a power receiving side wide area communication unit 290.
- Vehicle control unit 280 is a circuit including a CPU and a memory. Vehicle control unit 280 controls each unit of power receiving device 200 and vehicle CR. The vehicle control unit 280 executes various controls for driving the vehicle CR, and is used in both automatic driving and manual driving. Various programs for realizing the functions provided in the present embodiment are stored in the memory, and the vehicle control unit 280 executes the functions of each unit by executing the computer program stored in the memory by the CPU. are realized respectively. A part of the functions of the vehicle control unit 280 may be realized by a hardware circuit.
- the vehicle information acquisition unit 260 acquires various support information related to the contactless power supply system and the running of the vehicle CR.
- Vehicle information acquisition unit 260 includes a GNSS receiver 262 and a navigation device 264 .
- the GNSS receiver 262 measures the current position (longitude and latitude) of the vehicle CR based on navigation signals received from artificial satellites forming the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System).
- the navigation device 264 has a function of determining a planned travel route based on the destination and the vehicle position detected by the GNSS receiver 262 .
- other sensors such as a gyro may be used for determining and correcting the planned travel route.
- the power receiving side wide area communication unit 290 applies to the power transmission apparatus 100 for reservation of use of the power transmission apparatus 100 through wide area communication. Specifically, the power-receiving-side wide-area communication unit 290 transmits information necessary for applying for a reservation for use of the power transmission device 100, for example, the position of the vehicle CR, the planned travel route, and the ID information of the vehicle CR. Send to device 100 .
- the ID information of the vehicle CR for example, the same information as the ID information transmitted by the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 described above is used.
- Wide area communication means wireless communication with a communication distance that is wider than that of short-range communication, which will be described later.
- Wide area communication includes, for example, 5th generation mobile communication systems (5G, Local 5G), 4th generation mobile communication systems (LTE-Advanced, 4G), mobile communication systems such as LTE, and wireless local networks that comply with the IEEE 802.11 standard. (LAN) or wireless communication using Bluetooth (registered trademark).
- Wireless communication with the power transmission device 100 includes indirect wireless communication with the power transmission device 100 via a base station, a server, or the like.
- the power transmission device 100 further includes a power transmission side short range communication unit 170 , a power transmission side control unit 180 and a power transmission side wide area communication unit 190 .
- the power transmission side wide area communication unit 190 receives a usage reservation application from the vehicle CR through wide area communication.
- the information acquired by the power transmission side wide area communication unit 190 is output to the power transmission side control unit 180 .
- the power transmission side control unit 180 is a circuit including a CPU and a memory.
- the power transmission control unit 180 changes the input impedance Z1 of the power transmission resonance circuit 110 based on the information received from the vehicle CR via the power transmission wide area communication unit 190, thereby switching the current value flowing through the power transmission coil 112.
- the power transmission device 100 is switched between a stopped state and a standby state.
- a “stopped state of the power transmission device 100” means a state in which power supply from the power transmission circuit 130 to the power transmission resonance circuit 110 is stopped by stopping driving of the power transmission circuit 130 .
- the “standby state of the power transmission device 100 ” is a state in which the power transmission circuit 130 is driven but power is not supplied to the power reception device 200 . In the standby state of the power transmission device 100, the input impedance Z1 of the power transmission resonance circuit 110 is large, and a small standby coil current flows through the power transmission coil 112.
- Power transmission side short range communication section 170 receives a power transmission request signal or the like transmitted from power reception side short range communication section 270 through short range communication, and adjusts input impedance Z1 of power transmission resonance circuit 110 based on the received power transmission request signal. It is an interface for changing. As shown in FIG. 1 , the power transmission side short range communication unit 170 includes a receiving unit 172 and a switching unit 174 .
- the receiving unit 172 acquires a power transmission request signal and the like transmitted from the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 .
- a reader compatible with the wireless communication method used in the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 can be used.
- the receiver 172 employs an RF reader capable of recognizing RF tags.
- the receiving unit 172 can also be a receiver compatible with the above-described communication system using a magnetic field using a loop antenna.
- the switching unit 174 is a circuit for switching the current value flowing through the power transmission resonance circuit 110 . Specifically, when the receiving unit 172 acquires a power transmission request signal from the power receiving side short-range communication unit 270, the switching unit 174 switches a switch circuit or the like provided in the power transmission resonant circuit 110 so that the power transmission resonant circuit The input impedance Z1 of 110 is changed to switch the current value flowing through the power transmitting coil 112 to a current value that can be supplied to the power receiving apparatus 200 . In the present embodiment, the switching unit 174 is arranged, for example, at the center of the power transmission coil 112 and provided integrally with the power transmission coil 112 . The receiving unit 172 functions as a power transmission request signal receiving unit that receives a power transmission request signal.
- the power transmission side short range communication unit 170 is located at the end of the power transmission possible area SC1 among the four power transmission resonance circuits 110P, 110Q, 110R, and 110S included in the power transmission possible area SC1. is arranged in the vicinity of the power transmission resonance circuit 110 located at .
- the “end portion of the power transmission possible area SC1” means an end portion of the arrangement of the plurality of power transmission resonance circuits forming the power transmission possible area SC1.
- a power transmission coil included in the power transmission resonance circuit located at the end of the power transmission possible area SC1 is also called an "end coil".
- the power transmission resonant circuit 110P and the power transmission resonant circuit 110S are located in the power transmission possible area SC1. It corresponds to the power transmission resonance circuit 110 located at the end.
- the power transmission side narrow range communication unit 170 overlaps the traveling route of the vehicle CR on which the vehicle can travel on the vehicle traveling route RS and the power transmission possible region SC1 among the end coils 112P and 112S. In this case, it is arranged only in the vicinity of the end coil 112P that crosses first when the vehicle CR travels along the travel route.
- the installation position of the receiver 172 is preferably close to the installation position of the end coil 112P. It is more preferable that the coordinates with 112P overlap each other in plan view.
- FIG. 3 A method of switching the value of the current flowing through the power transmission resonance circuit 110 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
- FIG. 3 In the power transmission resonance circuit 110P having the end coil 112P, as shown in FIG. 3, the power transmission resonance capacitor 116P is a unit using a plurality of capacitors 116Pa, 116Pb and the bidirectional switch circuit 117.
- FIG. 3 and 4 in order to facilitate understanding of the technology, power transmission resonance circuit 110P, power transmission side short range communication unit 170, and current sensor 310 among the components of power transmission device 100 shown in FIG. , omitting other components.
- the power transmission side short range communication unit 170 uses the power transmission resonance capacitor 116P and the power transmission side short range communication unit 170 to change the input impedance Z1. Specifically, the switching unit 174 switches the bidirectional switch circuit 117 of the power transmission resonance capacitor 116P to change the capacitance of the power transmission resonance capacitor 116P, thereby changing the input impedance Z1.
- the power transmission resonance capacitor 116P has a first resonance capacitor 116Pa and a second resonance capacitor 116Pb arranged in parallel.
- the second resonant capacitor 116Pb is connected in parallel with the first resonant capacitor 116Pa when the bidirectional switch circuit 117 connected in series is on, and is released when the bidirectional switch circuit 117 is off.
- the capacitance Ct of the power transmission resonance capacitor 116P is the capacitance Chs of the first resonance capacitor 116Pa when the bidirectional switch circuit 117 is off, and the capacitance Chs of the first resonance capacitor 116Pa when the bidirectional switch circuit 117 is on. It is the integrated value (Chs+Chl) of Chs and the capacitance Chl of the second resonance capacitor 116Pb.
- the switching unit 174 switches the bidirectional switch circuit 117 based on the ID information and the power transmission request signal from the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 received by the receiving unit 172 . As a result, the magnitude of the capacitance Ct of the power transmission resonant capacitor 116P is switched.
- a state in which power transmission from the power transmission device 100 to the power reception device 200 can be started will also be referred to as an “energized state of the power transmission device 100”.
- the current value flowing through the current sensor 310 is That is, when the value of the current flowing through the power transmission coil 112 becomes smaller than a predetermined threshold value, the switching unit 174 detects this and turns off the bidirectional switch circuit 117 to stop power supply. can. Alternatively, the switching unit 174 can detect that the short-range communication between the receiving unit 172 and the power-receiving-side short-range communication unit 270 has been interrupted, and turn off the bidirectional switch circuit 117 to stop power supply.
- the current sensor 310 is an example of a "power transmission side detection circuit".
- the power transmission resonance circuit 110Q adjacent to the power transmission resonance circuit 110P includes a power transmission resonance capacitor 116Q as a unit using a plurality of capacitors 116Qa and 116Qb and a bidirectional switch circuit 117, and a variable control circuit 320. is used to change the input impedance Z1. Since the configuration of the power transmission resonance capacitor 116Q is the same as that of the power transmission resonance capacitor 116P, the description thereof will be omitted.
- the variable control circuit 320 can control the capacitance Ct of the power transmitting resonance capacitor 116Q according to the state in which the power receiving coil 212 and the power transmitting coil 112 face each other.
- the variable control circuit 320 includes a current sensor 322 , a rectifier circuit 324 , a low-pass filter circuit 326 (hereinafter also referred to as “LPF circuit 326 ”), and a voltage conversion circuit 328 .
- LPF circuit 326 low-pass filter circuit 326
- the current sensor 322 detects the current flowing through the power transmission coil 112Q and outputs it as a detected voltage.
- the current detected by current sensor 322 is very small when power receiving coil 212 is not facing power transmitting coil 112, and increases as the power receiving coil 212 changes from the non-facing state to the facing state and approaches the directly facing state.
- the detected voltage changes according to changes in the current of current sensor 322 .
- the bidirectional switch circuit 117 can be turned off to stop power supply.
- the current sensor 322 is an example of a "power transmission side detection circuit”.
- a rectifier circuit 324 rectifies the detected voltage.
- the LPF circuit 326 removes high frequency components from the detected voltage.
- the voltage conversion circuit 328 is a circuit using a comparator that outputs a different control voltage Vs based on whether the detected voltage Vd is equal to or higher than the threshold voltage Vth.
- the voltage conversion circuit 328 outputs a control voltage Vs that turns off the bidirectional switch circuit 117 when the detection voltage Vd is detected as a value smaller than the threshold voltage Vth due to the non-opposing state.
- the voltage conversion circuit 328 outputs a control voltage Vs that turns on the bidirectional switch circuit 117 when the detection voltage Vd is detected as a value equal to or higher than the threshold voltage Vth due to the opposing state.
- the power transmission adjacent to the power transmission resonance circuit 110P at the end is reduced.
- the resonant circuit 110Q power transmission from the power transmission device 100 to the power reception device 200 can be started in the opposing state.
- the capacitance Ct of the power transmission resonant capacitor 116Q is the capacitance Chs of the first resonant capacitor 116Qa in the non-opposing state, and the integrated value (Chs+Chl) of the capacitance Chs of the first resonant capacitor 116Qa and the capacitance Chl of the second resonant capacitor 116Qb in the opposing state. becomes.
- FIG. FIGS. 9 to 14 show how vehicle CR equipped with power receiving device 200 travels toward power transmission possible area SC1 of power transmitting device 100 and passes through power transmission possible area SC1.
- the power transmission side short range communication unit 170 is shown separated from the end coil 112P for convenience of illustration. Coordinates with the portion 170 match each other in plan view.
- FIGS. 9 to 14 in order to facilitate understanding of the technology, portions in which the functions are active are hatched. Also, in FIGS. 9 to 14, the names of some components are abbreviated for convenience of illustration.
- FIGS. 9 to 14 schematically show the energization start distance DT2 from the end coil 112P of the power transmission device 100 and the preparation distance DT1 from the end coil 112P.
- the energization start distance DT2 is set using, for example, a distance at which a power transmission request signal can be exchanged between the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 of the power receiving device 200 and the power transmission side short range communication unit 170 of the power transmitting device 100. be able to.
- the energization start distance DT2 is set at 100 cm as the communication distance of the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 .
- the preparation distance DT1 is longer than the energization start distance DT2, and defines a region for shifting the power transmission device 100 to the preparation state when the vehicle CR enters.
- the preparation distance DT1 is sufficient if the power transmission circuit 130 can be shifted to the standby state while the vehicle CR is traveling the distance (DT1-DT2) obtained by subtracting the energization start distance DT2 from the preparation distance DT1. It can be derived from the time required to transition to the state, the separation distance between the vehicle CR and the power transmission device 100, and the running speed of the vehicle CR.
- step S10 the power transmission device 100 in the stopped state shifts to the standby state.
- step S110 the vehicle CR starts applying for a reservation for use of the power transmission device 100 .
- Reserving the use of the power transmission device 100 means applying to the power transmission device 100 or the administrator of the power transmission device 100 to use the power transmission device 100 for power supply from the power transmission device 100 to the power reception device 200 .
- the reservation for use of the power transmission device 100 may be made, for example, by the vehicle control unit 280 that acquires information from the vehicle information acquisition unit 260 that the planned travel route generated by the navigation device 264 includes the power transmission possible area SC1.
- the vehicle CR is within a predetermined range from the power transmission device 100 based on the position information of the vehicle CR transmitted from the vehicle CR via the power receiving side wide area communication unit 290 regardless of whether or not there is an application for a reservation for use from the vehicle CR.
- the power transmission device 100 that has detected that it is in the room may accept the reservation for use.
- the vehicle control unit 280 may apply for a reservation to use the power transmission device 100 according to the state of charge of the battery 230, for example, determining whether the SOC of the battery 230 is low.
- step S120 When an application for a reservation for use of the power transmission device 100 is started, in step S120, as shown in FIG. It transmits the position information of the vehicle CR and the ID information of the vehicle CR. These pieces of information may be transmitted regularly at predetermined time intervals after the start of the application.
- the positional information of the vehicle CR transmitted by wide area communication is the current positional information of the vehicle CR acquired by the GNSS receiver 262 or the navigation device 264 .
- the position information of the vehicle CR transmitted by wide area communication includes a predetermined and information on the relative position of the vehicle CR with respect to the power transmission side wide area communication unit 190 may be included.
- step S130 when the power transmission side wide area communication unit 190 of the power transmission device 100 acquires the current position information of the vehicle CR and the ID information of the vehicle CR, the power transmission side control unit 180 applies for reservation of use of the power transmission device 100 by the vehicle CR. Along with accepting the ID information, the acquired ID information of the vehicle CR is stored in the memory.
- step S140 the power transmission side control unit 180 uses the acquired current position information of the vehicle CR to determine whether the vehicle CR has reached the range from the end coil 112P to the preparation distance DT1.
- the power transmission-side control unit 180 continues acquiring the current position information of the vehicle CR, and It waits until it reaches the range from 112P to the preparation distance DT1.
- the power transmission side control unit 180 proceeds to step S150, and as shown in FIG. It is driven to switch from the stopped state to the standby state, and the processing is completed.
- step S210 the power transmission-side control unit 180 uses the acquired current position information of the vehicle CR to determine the range of the vehicle CR from the end coil 112P to the energization start distance DT2. It is determined whether or not it has reached When the distance from the end coil 112P to the vehicle CR is equal to or greater than the energization start distance DT2 (S210: NO), the power transmission-side control unit 180 continues acquiring the current position information of the vehicle CR, and It waits until it reaches the range from the coil 112P to the energization start distance DT2. When the distance from end coil 112P becomes shorter than energization start distance DT2 (S210: YES), power transmission side control section 180 proceeds to step S220.
- step S220 the vehicle control unit 280 receives a request from the power transmission device 100 via the power transmission side short range communication unit 170 and starts applying for power supply start.
- the vehicle control unit 280 may start applying for power supply start when the current position of the vehicle CR reaches the range up to the power supply start distance DT2.
- step S230 the vehicle control unit 280 transmits position information of the vehicle CR based on establishment of short-range communication and ID information of the vehicle CR through short-range communication by the power receiving side short-range communication unit 270 as an application to start power supply. send.
- step S240 the receiving section 172 of the power transmission side short range communication section 170 acquires the position information of the vehicle CR and the ID information of the vehicle CR transmitted from the power receiving side short range communication section 270.
- step S ⁇ b>250 the power transmission-side control unit 180 stores the ID information of the vehicle CR stored in the memory in the application for reservation of use of the power transmission device 100 described above, and the ID information of the vehicle CR acquired via the power receiving-side short-range communication unit 270 . Match with When the ID information of the vehicles CR match each other, the power transmission side control unit 180 permits the application to start power feeding, and the process proceeds to step S260.
- Vehicle CR when the vehicle CR moves along the X-axis direction, which is the traveling direction, the vehicle CR can first pass through the end coil 112P in the power transmission possible area SC1. Vehicle CR transmits position information of vehicle CR, that is, that vehicle CR is close to end coil 112P, to power transmitting device 100 via power receiving side short-range communication unit 270, and also transmits ID information. Complete the power supply start application used.
- step S260 the power transmission side control unit 180 shifts the power transmission device 100 from the standby state to the energized state. Specifically, the power transmission side control section 180 controls the switching section 174 to turn on the bidirectional switch circuit 117 of the power transmission resonance circuit 110P of the end coil 112P. As a result, the input impedance Z1 of the power transmission resonance circuit 110P is changed to a small value, and a large current for power supply flows through the end coil 112P. The power transmission-side control unit 180 ends the process after switching the power transmission device 100 to the energized state.
- the vehicle CR completes the power feeding start application while traveling, and reaches the end coil 112P in a state where the current for power feeding is flowing.
- power receiving coil 212 approaches and faces end coil 112P
- magnetic flux G1 of power receiving coil 212 is induced by resonance due to magnetic flux generated from magnetic flux G2 of end coil 112P and is magnetically coupled.
- power supply from the power transmitting device 100 to the power receiving device 200 starts.
- the magnetic flux G3 from the power receiving coil 212 A current flows through the power transmission coil 112Q adjacent to the end coil 112P.
- the variable control circuit 320 of the power transmission resonance circuit 110Q detects the current flowing through the power transmission coil 112Q and turns on the bidirectional switch circuit 117 of the power transmission resonance circuit 110Q.
- the input impedance Z1 of the power transmission resonance circuit 110Q is changed to a small value, and a large current for power feeding flows through the power transmission coil 112Q.
- step S310 the power transmission-side control unit 180 confirms that power supply has ended for each power transmission possible area SC1.
- the power transmission-side control unit 180 confirms that power supply by all the power transmission resonance circuits 110 included in the power transmission possible area SC1 has ended.
- the power transmission side control unit 180 confirms the end of power supply by confirming that the current value flowing through the power transmission coil 112 is smaller than the current value at the time of power supply. Specifically, when the detection value of current sensor 310 in end coil 112P becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold, power transmission side control section 180 controls other power transmission coils 112Q and 112R. , 112S, when the detected value of the current sensor 322 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, it is determined that the power supply by all the power transmission resonance circuits 110 included in the power transmission possible area SC1 has ended.
- the power receiving device 200 moves away from the power transmitting device 100 to a position that is farther than the communication distance between the power transmission side short range communication unit 170 and the power receiving side short range communication unit 270 .
- the area communication unit 170 cannot receive the power transmission request signal from the vehicle CR. Therefore, in place of or in conjunction with the method of using the current flowing through power transmission coil 112, it is determined that power supply has ended by detecting that power transmission side short-range communication section 170 no longer receives the power transmission request signal. good too.
- the current sensor 310 of the power transmission resonance circuit 110P at the end can be omitted, and an increase in the number of parts can be suppressed.
- step S320 when the power transmission side control unit 180 determines that the power supply by all the power transmission resonance circuits 110 included in the power transmission possible area SC1 has ended, the power transmission device 100 is switched from the energized state to the standby state. Specifically, when the value detected by the current sensor 310 in the end coil 112P is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value, the power transmission side control unit 180 turns off the bidirectional switch circuit 117 and changes the input impedance Z1. is increased, and the current value flowing through the end coil 112P is switched to a current value smaller than the current value that can be supplied to the power receiving device 200 .
- the power transmission side control unit 180 turns off the bidirectional switch circuit 117 to transmit power when the detected value of the current sensor 322 is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.
- the current values flowing through the coils 112Q, 112R, and 112S are switched to a current value smaller than the current value that can be supplied to the power receiving device 200.
- FIG. As a result, the power transmission device 100 is switched from the energized state to the standby state.
- step S330 the power transmission-side control unit 180 uses a timer (not shown) to measure time from when the power transmission device 100 is switched to the standby state, and waits for a predetermined standby time to elapse.
- the standby time can be arbitrarily set, for example, in consideration of traffic conditions such as the frequency of vehicle travel in the power transmittable area SC1.
- the standby time may be appropriately switched based on factors significant to the frequency of vehicle travel, such as daytime and nighttime, weekdays and holidays, and seasons.
- the power transmission-side control unit 180 proceeds to step S340 after the predetermined standby time has elapsed.
- step S340 the power transmission-side control unit 180 stops driving the power transmission circuit 130, switches the power transmission device 100 to the stopped state, and ends the process.
- the power transmission resonance circuit 110 having the power transmission coil 112 and the power transmission resonance capacitor 116, and the power transmission circuit 130 for supplying AC power to the power transmission resonance circuit 110 , a receiving unit 172 as a power transmission request signal receiving unit for receiving a power transmission request signal transmitted from the power receiving device 200 , and a switching unit 174 for switching the current value flowing through the power transmission coil 112 .
- the switching unit 174 receives a power transmission request signal from the power receiving device 200, the switching unit 174 switches the current value flowing through the power transmitting coil 112 to a current value that can be supplied to the power receiving device 200. Therefore, the change in the magnetic flux generated in the power transmitting coil is used.
- the switching unit 174 changes the unit capacitance Ct by switching the bidirectional switch circuit 117 in the power transmission resonance capacitor 116 using the plurality of capacitors 116Pa and 116Pb and the bidirectional switch circuit 117. By switching, the current value flowing through the power transmission coil 112 is switched.
- the bidirectional switch circuit 117 it is possible to change the magnitude of the capacitance Ct of the power transmission resonance capacitor 116 while suppressing an increase in the size of the power transmission resonance capacitor 116h.
- the receiving unit 172 is associated with at least one of the vehicle on which the power receiving device 200 is mounted, the power receiving coil 212 included in the power receiving device 200, and the user of the power receiving device 200. can receive a power transmission request signal including the ID information. Therefore, by performing power supply after identifying the power receiving apparatus 200 that requires power supply by ID information, it is possible to prevent power supply to the power receiving apparatus 200 that does not require power supply.
- a plurality of power transmission coils 112 are provided.
- the plurality of power transmission coils 112 are arranged so as to form one linear power transmission possible area SC1 along the X-axis direction, which is the traveling direction of the vehicle CR.
- Receiving section 172 is arranged in the vicinity of end coil 112P located at the end of power transmission possible area SC1 among the plurality of power transmission coils 112 .
- the receiving unit 172 when the plurality of power transmission coils 112 form the power transmission possible area SC1, the receiving unit 172 can , is arranged only in the end coil 112P through which the vehicle CR can pass first in the power transmission possible area SC1. After the power supply to the end coil 112P is started, by using the magnetic flux generated when the end coil 112P and the power receiving coil 212 resonate, the electric power is included in the power transmission possible area SC1 without using short-range communication. Power supply to the power receiving coil 212 from the other power transmitting coil 112 can be started.
- the receiving unit 172 can receive a short-range communication signal with a communication distance of 5 meters or less. Therefore, the identifiability of one vehicle CR with respect to a plurality of traveling vehicles and the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the power transmission device 100 are improved, and unnecessary power consumption and generation of unnecessary magnetic flux in a state not facing the power receiving device 200 are improved. can be suppressed.
- EMC electromagnetic compatibility
- the switching unit 174 is provided integrally with the power transmission coil 112 . Therefore, the size of the power transmission device 100 can be reduced compared to the case where the switching unit is connected to the power transmission circuit 130 . Moreover, when the power transmission device 100 includes a plurality of power transmission coils 112 , the wiring from the power transmission circuit 130 to each power transmission coil 112 can be shared by providing the switching unit 174 integrally with each power transmission coil 112 .
- the power transmission side wide area communication unit 190 for receiving a wide area communication signal with a communication distance longer than 5 meters, and the power transmission side control unit 180 capable of driving the power transmission circuit 130 is equipped with
- the power transmission side control section 180 drives the power transmission circuit 130 when the power transmission side wide area communication section 190 receives the wide area communication signal. Therefore, by receiving a wide area communication signal in advance before power supply and placing the power transmitting apparatus 100 in the standby state, it is possible to shorten the time required to switch to the energized state when the power receiving apparatus 200 is close to the power receiving apparatus 200 .
- the power transmission side control unit 180 determines that the power reception device 200 is within the predetermined preparation distance DT1 from the power transmission device 100. When determined, the power transmission circuit 130 is driven. Unnecessary power supply can be suppressed or prevented by stopping the power transmission device 100 when the power receiving device 200 is away from the preparation distance DT1 and power feeding is unnecessary.
- the power transmission-side control unit 180 stops the power transmission circuit 130 and powers the power transmission device 100 when power is not supplied from the power transmission device 100 to the power reception device 200 for a predetermined period. Switch 100 to the stop state. Therefore, it is possible to prevent unnecessary power consumption from occurring in the power transmission device 100 after power supply to the power reception device 200 is completed.
- the current sensor 310 is provided as a power transmission side detection circuit capable of detecting the current flowing through the power transmission coil 112 .
- switching unit 174 changes the value of current flowing through power transmitting coil 112 to a current value smaller than the current value that can be supplied to power receiving apparatus 200 . switch to Therefore, it is possible to switch the power transmitting device 100 to the standby state by detecting that the power receiving device 200 is in the non-facing state after power supply with a simple configuration.
- FIG. 15 shows the distance DT3 between the power transmittable area SC1 and the adjacent power transmittable area SC2.
- the vehicle CR may include two or more power receiving resonance circuits 210 as shown in FIG. 16 .
- the vehicle CR includes two power receiving resonance circuits 210F and 210B, and two power receiving coils 212F and 212B are fed with power from two power transmitting coils 112Q and 112R.
- power receiving side short range communication unit 270 is preferably provided in the vicinity of power receiving coil 212F positioned at the front in the traveling direction of vehicle CR.
- the power receiving side short-range communication unit 270 By arranging the power receiving side short-range communication unit 270 at the head of the vehicle CR, it is possible to quickly perform short-range communication with the power transmission device 100 while the vehicle CR is running. Therefore, delays in energization of the end coils 112P of the power transmission device 100 due to delays in short-range communication, for example, are suppressed or prevented, and when the leading power receiving coil 212F reaches the power transmission device 100, the power transmission device 100 It is possible to suppress or prevent the occurrence of problems such as insufficient power supply.
- the example in which the power transmission side detection circuit is the current sensor 310 was shown. Also, an example is shown in which the current sensor 322 of the variable control circuit 320 detects changes in the current flowing through the power transmitting coil.
- the sensors of the power transmission side detection circuit and the variable control circuit 320 may be voltage sensors. A change in the coil voltage applied to may be detected.
- the sensors of the power transmission side detection circuit and the variable control circuit 320 may detect the magnetic field (magnetic flux) in the vicinity of the power transmission coil 112 using magnetic flux detection elements such as magnetic sensors and coils.
- variable capacitor 116P As the above embodiment, an example was shown in which the power transmission resonance capacitor 116P as a unit using the plurality of capacitors 116Pa and 116Pb and the bidirectional switch circuit 117 was provided.
- a variable capacitor having a variable capacitance may be used as the power transmission resonance capacitor 116 .
- the variable capacitor a general variable capacitor whose capacitance Ct changes according to the control voltage Vc from the switching section 174 or the variable control circuit 320 can be employed.
- the capacitance Ct of the variable capacitor is set to the resonance capacitance C1 that satisfies the resonance condition so that the power transmission resonance circuit 110 is in the resonance state in the opposed state, and the power transmission resonance circuit 110 is in the resonance state in the non-opposed state. is set to a capacitance less than the resonant capacitance C1 so as to deviate from .
- the transmission resonance capacitor 116P instead of the transmission resonance capacitor 116P as a unit using the plurality of capacitors 116Pa and 116Pb and the bidirectional switch circuit 117 and the variable capacitor, a capacitor with a constant capacitance can be used.
- power transmission resonance circuit 110 is provided with a switch element such as a semiconductor switch, and variable control circuit 320 and switching unit 174 change the input impedance Z1 to power transmission resonance circuit 110 by switching on and off the semiconductor switch.
- a switch element such as a semiconductor switch
- variable control circuit 320 and switching unit 174 change the input impedance Z1 to power transmission resonance circuit 110 by switching on and off the semiconductor switch.
- the semiconductor switch is turned on, the input impedance Z1 becomes substantially zero, and when the semiconductor switch is turned off, the input impedance Z1 changes to substantially infinite.
- the current value flowing through the power transmission resonance circuit 110 can be switched with a simple configuration.
- the power transmission resonance circuits 110P, 110Q, 110R, and 110S are laid continuously in a straight line along the traveling direction (X-axis direction) of the vehicle CR on the vehicle running path RS.
- the plurality of power transmission resonance circuits 110 have shown an example in which one power transmission possible area SC1 arranged substantially linearly is formed.
- the plurality of power transmission resonance circuits 110 are not limited to a linear shape, and for example, in addition to a linear shape along the traveling direction of the vehicle CR, the plurality of power transmission resonance circuits 110 also intersect the traveling direction of the vehicle CR on the vehicle traveling road RS. It may be laid continuously along the direction, that is, the width direction (Y-axis direction) of the vehicle CR. By configuring in this way, one power transmission possible area SC1 arranged in a substantially rectangular planar shape can be formed.
- the "position at the end of the power transmission possible area SC1 The power transmission resonance circuit 110” means the power transmission resonance circuit 110 positioned at the periphery of the rectangular planar power transmission possible area SC1.
- the power transmission coil 112 included in the power transmission possible area SC1 is reliably brought into a state where power can be supplied. You can switch.
- the power transmission possible area SC2 configured similarly to the power transmission possible area SC1 is provided at a position separated from the power transmission possible area SC1 by a predetermined distance.
- the power transmission device 100 includes a plurality of power transmission possible areas SC1 and SC2
- a power transmission request signal receiving unit provided in one power transmission possible area SC1 of the plurality of power transmission possible areas SC1 and SC2
- the power transmission request signal receiving unit provided in another power transmission possible area SC2 adjacent to the power transmission possible area SC1 may be separated from each other.
- the spaced distance is preferably set to be, for example, longer than the communication distance of short-range communication.
- “Another power transmission possible area adjacent to one power transmission possible area” is not limited to the case where the vehicle CR shown in FIG. In a case where a plurality of lanes are provided, the power transmission available area provided for the other adjacent lane may be included, and the power transmission available area provided for the adjacent oncoming lane may be included. According to the power transmission device 100 of this aspect, it is possible to suppress or prevent short-range communication interference between the plurality of power transmission possible areas SC1 and SC2.
- the controller and techniques described in this disclosure may be implemented by a dedicated computer provided by configuring a processor and memory programmed to perform one or more functions embodied by the computer program. may be Alternatively, the controller and techniques described in this disclosure may be implemented by a dedicated computer provided by configuring the processor with one or more dedicated hardware logic circuits. Alternatively, the control units and techniques described in this disclosure can be implemented by a combination of a processor and memory programmed to perform one or more functions and a processor configured by one or more hardware logic circuits. It may also be implemented by one or more dedicated computers configured.
- the computer program may also be stored as computer-executable instructions on a computer-readable non-transitional tangible recording medium.
- the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be implemented in various configurations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
- the technical features in the embodiments corresponding to the technical features in the respective modes described in the Summary of the Invention column may be used to solve some or all of the above problems, or Substitutions and combinations may be made as appropriate to achieve part or all.
- the technical features are not described as essential in this specification, they can be deleted as appropriate.
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Abstract
Description
この形態の送電装置によれば、受電装置が送電装置に対して非対向状態から対向状態に変化した場合に送電装置から受電装置への給電が開始されないといった不具合を抑制または防止することができる。
図1は、本開示の第1実施形態に係る送電装置100を備える非接触給電システムを示す概略構成図である。非接触給電システムは、送電装置100と、受電装置200とを備えており、送電装置100から受電装置200に非接触で電力を供給することが可能なシステムである。図1ならびに図1以降の各図に示すX、Y、Zは、互いに直交する3つの空間軸を表している。本明細書では、これらの軸に沿った方向をX軸方向、Y軸方向、及びZ軸方向とも呼ぶ。図1の例では、X軸方向は、車両走行路RSの車線に沿った車両CRの進行方向と一致し、Y軸方向は、車両走行路RSの幅方向と一致し、Z軸方向は重力方向と一致している。
(B1)上記実施形態では、複数の送電コイル112が互いに当接して配列されている例を用いて説明した。これに対して、複数の送電コイル112は、必ずしも互いに当接している必要は無く、複数の送電コイル112が互いに離間されていてもよい。ただし、車両CRの走行中において複数の送電コイル112から受電コイル212への給電を円滑にするために、送電コイル112は互いに当接していることが好ましく、離間する場合には、離間距離は、例えば、送電コイル112の幅の半分(送電コイル112が円形で有ればその半径)以下であることが好ましい。
Claims (18)
- 移動可能な受電装置(200)に非接触で給電を行うための送電装置(100)であって、
送電コイル(112)および送電共振コンデンサ(116)を有する送電共振回路(110)と、
前記送電共振回路に交流電力を供給するための送電回路(130)と、
前記受電装置から発信される送電要求信号を受信するための送電要求信号受信部(172)と、
前記送電コイルに流れる電流値を切り替えるための切替部(174)であって、前記送電要求信号を受信した場合に、前記送電共振回路の入力インピーダンスを変化させることによって、前記送電コイルに流れる電流値を、前記受電装置に給電可能な電流値に切り替える切替部と、を備える、
送電装置。 - 請求項1に記載の送電装置であって、
前記送電共振コンデンサは、可変コンデンサであり、
前記切替部は、前記可変コンデンサのキャパシタンスを切り替えることにより、前記入力インピーダンスを変化させる、
送電装置。 - 請求項1に記載の送電装置であって、
前記送電共振コンデンサは、複数のコンデンサおよびスイッチ回路を用いたユニットであり、
前記切替部は、前記スイッチ回路を切り替えて前記ユニットのキャパシタンスを切り替えることにより、前記入力インピーダンスを変化させる、
送電装置。 - 請求項1に記載の送電装置であって、
さらに、前記送電共振回路と前記送電回路との間にスイッチ素子を備え、
前記切替部は、前記スイッチ素子を切り替えて前記送電回路から前記送電共振回路への電力供給のオンオフを切り替えることにより、前記入力インピーダンスを変化させる、
送電装置。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載の送電装置であって、
前記送電要求信号受信部は、前記受電装置を搭載する車両と、前記受電装置に含まれる受電コイルと、前記受電装置の使用者との少なくともいずれかに関連付けられたID情報が含まれる前記送電要求信号を受信可能であり、
前記ID情報を用いて許可された前記受電装置に給電を行う、
送電装置。 - 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか一項に記載の送電装置であって、
複数の前記送電コイルを備え、
前記複数の送電コイルは、一方向に沿った直線状、または前記一方向に交差する交差方向と前記一方向との面状の一つの送電可能領域(SC1,SC2)を形成するように配列され、
前記送電要求信号受信部は、前記複数の送電コイルのうち前記送電可能領域の端部に位置する端部コイルの近傍に配置される、
送電装置。 - 請求項6に記載の送電装置であって、
前記送電要求信号受信部は、前記受電装置の移動経路と前記送電可能領域とを重ねた場合に、前記受電装置が前記移動経路に従って移動して最初に交差する前記端部コイルの近傍にのみ配置される、
送電装置。 - 請求項6または請求項7に記載の送電装置であって、
さらに、前記送電可能領域を複数備え、
前記複数の送電可能領域のうち一の送電可能領域に備えられる前記送電要求信号受信部と、前記一の送電可能領域に隣接する他の送電可能領域に備えられる前記送電要求信号受信部とが互いに離間されている、
送電装置。 - 請求項1から請求項8までのいずれか一項に記載の送電装置であって、
前記送電要求信号受信部は、通信距離が5メートル以下である狭域通信信号としての前記送電要求信号のみを受信可能である、
送電装置。 - 請求項1から請求項9までのいずれか一項に記載の送電装置であって、
前記切替部は、前記送電コイルと一体に設けられる、
送電装置。 - 請求項1から請求項10までのいずれか一項に記載の送電装置であって、
さらに、通信距離が5メートルよりも長い広域通信信号を受信するための広域通信部(190)と、
前記送電回路を駆動可能な送電側制御部(180)と、を備え、
前記送電側制御部は、前記広域通信部が前記広域通信信号を受信した場合に、前記送電回路を駆動する、
送電装置。 - 請求項11に記載の送電装置であって、
前記送電側制御部は、前記広域通信信号を受信した場合であって、さらに、前記受電装置が前記送電装置から予め定められた準備距離(DT1)以下であると判定した場合に、前記送電回路を駆動する、
送電装置。 - 請求項11に記載の送電装置であって、
前記送電側制御部は、前記送電装置から前記受電装置への給電が予め定められた期間において行われない場合に、前記送電回路を停止させる、
送電装置。 - 請求項1から請求項13までのいずれか一項に記載の送電装置であって、
さらに、前記送電コイルに流れる電流、前記送電コイルに印加される電圧、前記送電コイルに発生する磁界のうち少なくともいずれかの検出値を検出可能な送電側検出回路(310,322)を備え、
前記切替部は、前記送電要求信号を受信して前記送電コイルに流れる電流値を前記受電装置に給電可能な電流値に切り替えるための前記入力インピーダンスに変化させた後に、前記送電側検出回路の検出値が予め定められた閾値以下となった場合に、前記送電コイルに流れる電流値を、前記受電装置に給電可能な電流値よりも小さい電流値に切り替えるための前記入力インピーダンスに変化させる、
送電装置。 - 請求項1から請求項14までのいずれか一項に記載の送電装置であって、
前記切替部は、前記送電要求信号を受信して前記送電コイルに流れる電流値を前記受電装置に給電可能な電流値に切り替えるための前記入力インピーダンスに変化させた後に、前記送電要求信号を受信しなくなった場合に、前記送電コイルに流れる電流値を、前記受電装置に給電可能な電流値よりも小さい電流値に切り替えるための前記入力インピーダンスに変化させる、
送電装置。 - 非接触給電システムであって、
請求項1から請求項15までのいずれか一項に記載の送電装置と、
前記送電要求信号を送信するための送電要求信号送信部(270)を有する前記受電装置と、を備える、
非接触給電システム。 - 移動可能な受電装置(200)に非接触で給電を行うための送電方法であって、
前記受電装置から発信される送電要求信号を受信した場合に、送電共振回路(110)に含まれる送電コイル(112)に流れる電流値を、前記受電装置に給電可能な電流値に切り替える、
送電方法。 - 移動可能な受電装置(200)に非接触で給電を行うためのプログラムであって、
前記受電装置から発信される送電要求信号を受信した場合に、送電共振回路(110)に含まれる送電コイル(112)に流れる電流値を、前記受電装置に給電可能な電流値に切り替える機能、をコンピュータに実現させる、
プログラム。
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| JP2021023094A (ja) | 2019-07-25 | 2021-02-18 | 株式会社デンソー | 非接触給電装置 |
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