WO2023171396A1 - 表面形状計測装置 - Google Patents
表面形状計測装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023171396A1 WO2023171396A1 PCT/JP2023/006557 JP2023006557W WO2023171396A1 WO 2023171396 A1 WO2023171396 A1 WO 2023171396A1 JP 2023006557 W JP2023006557 W JP 2023006557W WO 2023171396 A1 WO2023171396 A1 WO 2023171396A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- measured
- surface shape
- measuring device
- measurement
- optical cutting
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/25—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. one or more lines, moiré fringes on the object
- G01B11/2518—Projection by scanning of the object
- G01B11/2522—Projection by scanning of the object the position of the object changing and being recorded
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
- G01B11/005—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates coordinate measuring machines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/045—Correction of measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
- G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles
- G01M17/02—Tyres
- G01M17/027—Tyres using light, e.g. infrared, ultraviolet or holographic techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
- G06T7/0006—Industrial image inspection using a design-rule based approach
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
- G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
- G06T7/001—Industrial image inspection using an image reference approach
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/50—Depth or shape recovery
- G06T7/55—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images
- G06T7/579—Depth or shape recovery from multiple images from motion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface shape measuring device that measures the surface shape of an object to be measured, which is a three-dimensional shape formed by rotating a planar figure around a rotation axis, such as a cylinder shape or a donut shape, so-called a rotating body or a substantially rotating body.
- Patent Document 1 Conventionally, various devices for measuring the surface shape of tires and the like have been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 Since the measuring device of Patent Document 1 uses a point laser, it is necessary to repeat main scanning and sub-scanning, and it takes time for measurement.
- the purpose of the present invention is to quickly and accurately measure the surface shape of an object to be measured, which is a three-dimensional shape created by rotating a planar figure around a rotation axis, such as a cylinder or a donut shape, a so-called rotating body or a substantially rotating body.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a surface shape measuring device that is capable of measuring surface shapes.
- a surface shape measuring device is a surface shape measuring device that measures the three-dimensional shape of a measurement surface of a measuring object consisting of a rotating body or a substantially rotating body by an optical cutting method, and includes: A rotary table that rotates the mounted object to be measured in the circumferential direction, an encoder that sequentially outputs signals according to the rotation angle of the rotary table, and a belt-shaped or line-shaped light irradiated onto the measurement surface to rotate the rotary table.
- Optical section lines generated by band-shaped light or line-shaped light that move on the measurement surface by rotation are sequentially imaged using the signal output from the encoder as a trigger, and optical section line image data for each rotation angle is obtained.
- a rotating body means a three-dimensional shape formed by rotating a planar figure around a rotation axis.
- substantially rotating body means a three-dimensional shape that approximates a rotating body to the extent that it can be regarded as a rotating body.
- the surface shape measuring device configured in this way, since measurement is performed by the light cutting method while scanning the measurement surface with band-shaped light or line-shaped light, the surface shape can be measured quickly and accurately.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a surface shape measuring device 100 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a surface shape measuring device 100 of the present invention.
- 6 is a diagram illustrating a method for making the control unit 160 recognize the center of the rotary table 110.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the arrangement
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a procedure for recognizing characters and figures from unevenness data.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an object to be measured W placed on a rotary table 110.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a planar image IMG generated by the image processing unit 140.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of an object W to be measured whose inner diameter and outer diameter change depending on the height.
- 12(a) is a perspective view
- FIG. 12(b) is a sectional view passing through the center of the object W to be measured. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the procedure of measuring the maximum value and/or minimum value of an inner diameter and/or outer diameter.
- FIG. 1 The configuration of the surface shape measuring device 100 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1, and the functional block diagram is shown in FIG. 2, respectively.
- the surface shape measuring device 100 includes a rotary table 110, an encoder 120, a light cutting sensor 130, and an image processing section 140.
- the rotary table 110 is a table that rotates the mounted object W to be measured in the circumferential direction.
- the object to be measured W is a so-called rotating body or a substantially rotating body, which is a three-dimensional shape formed by rotating a planar figure around a rotation axis, such as a cylinder shape or a donut shape.
- the object to be measured W is placed on the rotary table 110 with one of the two bottom surfaces as a contact surface. Specifically, when the measurement surface is one of the bottom surfaces, the other bottom surface is placed as a contact surface, and when the measurement surface is a side surface, any bottom surface is placed as the contact surface.
- the rotary table 110 can be configured to be rotatable in any configuration as long as it can rotate the mounted object W in the circumferential direction.
- a rotary table 110 with casters at the bottom may be placed on a pedestal 111 and rotated on the pedestal 111.
- the power for rotation may be provided by the motor 112 or may be provided by human power.
- a servo motor may be employed from the viewpoint of accurate positioning.
- the encoder 120 is, for example, a rotary encoder, and may be configured to generate, for example, one pulse per 0.1 degree rotation, or 3600 pulses per rotation, depending on the rotation angle of the rotary table 110.
- the light cutting sensor 130 irradiates the bottom surface with band-shaped light or line-shaped light in the radial direction of the object W to be measured when the measurement surface is the bottom surface, and irradiates the band-shaped light or line-shaped light in the height direction of the object W when the measurement surface is the side surface. Illuminates the sides with shaped light.
- band-shaped light or line-shaped light By irradiating band-shaped light or line-shaped light, a light cutting line is generated in the band direction on the measurement surface, and the light cutting line moves relatively on the measurement surface as the rotary table 110 rotates.
- the optical cutting sensor 130 sequentially images the optical cutting line using the signal output from the encoder 120 as a trigger, and obtains optical cutting line image data for each rotation angle.
- the optical section line image data consists of a plurality of point data indicating the cross-sectional shape of the object W within the range of the optical section line, and each point data contains information on the height of the cross section at the point position in the direction of the optical section line.
- the optical section line image data is two-dimensional point group data.
- the light cutting sensor 130 includes a light source that emits a band-shaped laser beam, and a light-receiving element that images a light cutting line generated on a measurement surface by the band-shaped light or line-shaped light.
- the shape profile of the measurement surface is acquired as optical section line image data.
- the optical cutting sensor 130 In order to arrange the optical cutting sensor 130 at the acquisition position of an optical cutting line image of an arbitrary measurement surface of an object W to be measured of an arbitrary size, for example, it is placed at the tip of a multi-jointed arm of a robot 150 having a multi-jointed arm.
- a light cutting sensor 130 may be installed.
- an industrial robot may be used as the robot 150 from the viewpoint of accurate position control.
- the control unit 160 that controls the robot 150 is made to recognize the position of the rotary table 110 in advance.
- the X-axis and Y-axis which are perpendicular to the intersection of the center of the rotary table 110, are specified in advance, as shown in FIG. 3(a)
- the optical cutting sensor 130 can be easily and accurately moved to a designated position with the center of the rotary table 110 as a reference. Therefore, by inputting an instruction to the control unit 160 as the acquisition position of the optical section line image data of an arbitrary measurement surface of the object W to be measured, the optical section sensor 130 is moved to the acquisition position of the optical section line image data. Can be moved and placed easily and accurately.
- the optical cutting sensor 130 may be moved to an arbitrary position by manually operating the robot 150 without inputting a specific position instruction to the control unit 160. In this case, since the movement position can be recognized by the control unit 160 based on the center of the rotary table 110, it can be acquired and used by the image processing unit 140 or the like as necessary.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement state of the optical cutting sensor 130 with respect to the object to be measured W when the bottom surface Wb of the object to be measured W is used as the measurement surface.
- the bottom surface Wb corresponds to the sidewall surface.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement state of the optical cutting sensor 130 with respect to the object to be measured W when the side surface Ws of the object to be measured W is used as the measurement surface.
- the side surface Ws corresponds to the tread surface.
- each time a signal is input from the encoder 120 the optical cutting line image data of the measurement surface is generated. can be obtained sequentially.
- Each acquired optical section line image data includes information on unevenness in a band-shaped range.
- the image processing unit 140 generates an image showing the surface shape of the measurement surface by collecting the respective optical cutting line image data acquired by the optical cutting sensor 130 and sequentially arranging them according to the corresponding rotation angles. Furthermore, the image processing unit 140 may perform processing such as calculating the dimensions of each part of the object W to be measured that appears in the image based on the generated image.
- a plurality of optical cutting line images B for each rotation angle are obtained as shown in FIG. 6(a).
- the measurement surface is the bottom surface
- a three-dimensional image showing the surface shape of the bottom surface can be generated by arranging the optical section line images B for each rotation angle for one rotation at the same radial position.
- the measurement surface is a side surface
- a three-dimensional image showing the surface shape of the side surface can be obtained by arranging band-shaped optical section line images B in the height direction for one round with a radius along the circumference of the object W to be measured. can be generated.
- a three-dimensional image showing the surface shape of the measurement surface is actually generated as follows.
- Each optical section line image data acquired by the optical section sensor 130 is two-dimensional point group data indicating the cross-sectional shape of the object W to be measured, and is outputted from the encoder 120 according to the rotation angle in the image processing section 140.
- three-dimensional point group data can be obtained.
- a three-dimensional image showing the surface shape of the measurement surface of the object W to be measured can be generated.
- the point group data which is each optical section line image data acquired by the optical section sensor 130, has coordinates r of a point position in the radial direction of the object W, which is the optical section line direction, and It is two-dimensional point group data whose elements are the coordinate z in the height direction of the object W indicating the height of the cross section at the coordinate r, and the rotation angle ⁇ corresponding to each light section line image data. By adding it as a rotation angle of the coordinate r, three-dimensional point group data can be obtained.
- the point group data which is each optical section line image data acquired by the optical section sensor 130, is the coordinate of the point position in the height direction of the object W, which is the optical section line direction.
- z and the coordinate r in the radial direction of the object W to be measured, which indicates the height of the cross section at the coordinate z, and the rotation angle ⁇ corresponding to each optical section line image data.
- the unevenness of the measurement surface can be expressed in any way, for example, it may be expressed three-dimensionally, or it may be expressed by different colors, shading, etc.
- FIG. 6(b) is an example of a three-dimensional image showing the surface shape of the side surface of the tire.
- the image processing unit 140 calculates the surface shape of the bottom surface and the surface of the side surface from both data.
- a three-dimensional image of the object to be measured W in which the shape is continuously expressed may be generated.
- Each of the data includes a coordinate r in the radial direction of the object W to be measured, a rotation angle ⁇ of the coordinate r, and a coordinate z in the height direction of the object W to be measured. Therefore, by matching the coordinate system of the 3D point cloud data of the bottom surface and the coordinate system of the 3D point cloud data of the side surface, the surface shape of the bottom surface and the surface shape of the side surface of the measured object W are continuously expressed. can generate 3D images.
- the optical cutting line for each rotation angle of the bottom surface is set under the coordinate system set with the center of the rotary table 110 as a reference as described above.
- the image data and the optical section line image data for each rotation angle of the side surface it is possible to easily obtain data with matching coordinate systems.
- FIG. 7(a) An example of the generated stereoscopic image is shown in FIG. 7(a). It is also possible to rotate and observe as shown in FIG. 7(b). By generating a three-dimensional image in this manner, it becomes possible to quickly compare the surface shape of the object W to be measured with the surface shape in the CAD drawing at the time of design.
- the image processing unit 140 uses the optical cutting sensor 130 even when the radius of the bottom surface of the object W to be measured or the height of the object W to be measured is wider than the width of the optical cutting line, other than when generating a three-dimensional image.
- the position may be moved to two or more locations, and the three-dimensional point group data based on the optical section line image data for each rotation angle may be acquired while the optical section sensor 130 is kept stationary at each location.
- the coordinate systems of three-dimensional point cloud data collected at each of two or more stationary locations of the optical cutting sensor 130 for example, the surface shape of the measurement surface of a large-sized object W to be measured can be continuously expressed. I can do it.
- a stereoscopic image can be generated more quickly and accurately if the data is acquired using the same coordinate system.
- a robot 150 equipped with a light-cutting sensor 130 at the tip of an arm two or more of the light-cutting sensors 130 are stationary under a coordinate system set with the center of the rotary table 110 as a reference as described above.
- optical section line image data for each rotation angle at each location data with matching coordinate systems can be easily obtained.
- optical cutting line image data in the optical cutting sensor 130 when acquiring optical cutting line image data in the optical cutting sensor 130, if the rotation center of the rotary table 110 and the central axis of the mounted object W are even slightly misaligned, when the measurement surface is the bottom surface, While the rotary table 110 makes one revolution, the trajectory along which the optical cutting sensor 130 moves relatively on the measurement surface is sinusoidally shifted in the radial direction. However, even on a shifted trajectory, as long as it is within the detection range of the optical cutting sensor 130, optical cutting line image data at each rotation angle can be acquired.
- a lens is used in the light receiving section of the light cutting sensor 130, which is a non-contact sensor, and the lens has the least distortion at the center and increases toward the periphery.
- the position of the light cutting sensor 130 is adjusted so that the image of the two-dimensional profile is located in the center of the detection range by the sensor, and the central axis of the object W is aligned as much as possible with the center of rotation of the rotary table 110.
- the deviation of the trajectory due to the deviation between the rotation center of the rotary table 110 and the central axis of the mounted object W changes regularly (sinusoidally) according to the rotation angle. Therefore, when the image processing unit 140 sequentially arranges the respective optical section line image data according to the corresponding rotation angle, the respective optical section line image data is corrected according to the regularity of such changes according to the rotation angle. You can arrange it above. This makes it possible to match the central axis with the 3D design data of the object W to be measured, perform design value comparison, and easily perform shape evaluation.
- the occurrence of a deviation between the rotation center of the rotary table 110 and the center axis of the placed measurement object W which is a trigger for correction, must be confirmed by the operator by once generating an image in the image processing unit 140.
- the recognition may be performed automatically based on the optical section line image data for each rotation angle acquired by the image processing unit 140.
- the correction may be executed by an operator inputting an instruction, or the image processing unit 140 may calculate the shift amount using the least squares method or the like and execute the correction automatically.
- the image processing section 140 and the control section 160 may each be provided with dedicated functional sections, or may be realized by the computer 170.
- the computer 170 is a computer that includes at least a storage section 171, an input section 172, a CPU 173, a display section (not shown), and an external interface (not shown), and may be, for example, a personal computer.
- the computer 170 is communicatively connected to the motor 112, encoder 120, optical cutting sensor 130, and robot 150 via any external interface.
- the storage unit 171 stores in advance a program describing the functions of the image processing unit 140 and a program describing the functions of the control unit 160, and also stores the optical cutting line image data and image processing acquired by the optical cutting sensor 130. It is an arbitrary storage medium in which processing results etc. in the unit 140 are stored.
- the storage unit 171 may be provided outside the computer 170 and communicably connected via an external interface.
- the input unit 172 is an input interface such as a mouse or keyboard that accepts input such as instructions from an operator.
- the program is read from the storage unit 171 into the CPU 173, which is an arithmetic processing unit, and the program is executed.
- the operator inputs instruction contents through the screen interface displayed on the display unit by executing the program, and the program contents according to the input contents are executed by the CPU 173, thereby controlling the image processing unit 140 and the control unit 160. Function is realized.
- the computer 170 may be configured to further control the motor 112 and encoder 120.
- the surface shape measuring device 100 since measurement is performed by the light cutting method while scanning the measurement surface with band-shaped light or line-shaped light, the surface shape can be measured quickly and accurately.
- the surface shape can be measured quickly and accurately.
- processing for the surface shape data and stereoscopic image of the object to be measured W obtained as described above will be explained.
- the processing described below may be performed, for example, by the computer 170 (more specifically, by the image processing unit 140).
- Characters or figures may be drawn on the surface of the object W to be measured as convex portions (embossed portions) or recessed portions (debossed/engraved). These characters and figures are provided as a decoration of the object W to be measured, and may also be provided as a display of manufacturing information such as a product number and a serial number. For the object W to be measured, it is required to extract and recognize characters and figures drawn as concave portions and/or convex portions (hereinafter simply referred to as concave and convex portions) for the purpose of identifying the object W to be measured, determining quality, etc. It may happen.
- the unevenness on the surface of the object to be measured W is extracted as the difference between the measured three-dimensional shape and the shape when the object to be measured W has no unevenness (hereinafter referred to as the reference shape). can do. Processing for recognizing characters and images is performed on the image generated by extracting unevenness in this manner.
- the object W to be measured is a tire
- a case is assumed in which characters/figures drawn as convex parts on the sidewall of the tire (that is, the bottom surface of the cylindrical object W to be measured) are to be recognized.
- the shape of the tire with no protrusions on the sidewall becomes the reference shape.
- the coordinate data of the reference shape to be subtracted from the measured three-dimensional shape of the measured object W (hereinafter referred to as reference shape data) is obtained by applying filters, point cloud optimization, curvature conversion, etc. to the measured three-dimensional shape data of the measured object W. It is preferable to output data from which unevenness has been removed from the self-point group by performing the processing described above.
- reference shape data may be prepared in advance based on design data of the object W to be measured.
- the reference shape data may be expressed in a cylindrical coordinate system (r, ⁇ , z), similar to the three-dimensional point group data obtained by measurement.
- the object to be measured W at each coordinate position on the r- ⁇ plane (plane parallel to the mounting surface of the rotary table) is determined.
- the convex portion provided on the bottom surface of the object W to be measured can be extracted.
- unevenness data data extracted in this way will be referred to as unevenness data. It goes without saying that even when characters or figures are formed as recesses, the recesses can be extracted using the same method.
- the unevenness can be extracted by calculating the difference in the direction in which the unevenness protrudes or sinks. good.
- the unevenness when unevenness is formed on a cylindrical side surface of the object W to be measured, it is possible to extract the unevenness by calculating the difference with respect to the coordinate r (i.e., the coordinate in the radial direction of the surface of the object W to be measured). can.
- the object W to be measured when a stereoscopic image is obtained may be deformed compared to the shape assumed at the time of design.
- the three-dimensional shape of the tire assumed at the time of design is the shape of the tire mounted on a wheel and subjected to a predetermined internal pressure.
- the tire bead the part that contacts the wheel rim
- tire wall will be deformed due to its own weight, etc. There is.
- the unevenness data indicating the amount of unevenness based on the surface of the reference shape is converted into a two-dimensional unevenness image having pixel values corresponding to the amount of unevenness (S01).
- This two-dimensional unevenness image includes characters and figures drawn as unevenness on the object W to be measured, but the angle reflected in the image is the same as when the object W to be measured is placed on the rotary table 110 at the time of measurement. It depends on the angle and is not constant. Therefore, a predetermined reference shape is recognized from the object to be measured W shown in the uneven two-dimensional image (S02).
- the two-dimensional uneven image is rotated so that the reference shape is located at a predetermined position in the object W shown in the two-dimensional uneven image (S03).
- the orientation (angle) of the measured object W reflected in the uneven two-dimensional image can be aligned with the reference direction (angle).
- character recognition and figure matching are performed using an arbitrary method on the uneven two-dimensional image rotated to a reference angle (S04).
- character recognition can be performed by OCR (Optical Character Recognition).
- OCR Optical Character Recognition
- the recognized character string can be used in subsequent processing, such as, for example, comparing and collating with a predetermined character string, or linking it to measurement data of the object W stored in the storage unit 171.
- the desired characters or figures are drawn by comparing with a reference image corresponding to the design data of the object W to be measured or the data of the block. It is preferable that the reference image is deformed in accordance with the deformation of the object W during measurement, similar to the reference shape data described above. By checking using graphics, it is possible to determine the quality of the object W to be measured and to confirm whether or not the object W to be measured has been manufactured using the correct mold.
- the object to be measured W is placed on the rotary table 110 and the surface shape is measured.
- the object W to be measured is rotated so that the inner circumference and/or outer circumference of interest falls within the detection range D of the optical cutting sensor 130 when the rotary table 110 is rotated, as shown in FIG. It is only necessary to arrange it on the table 110, and there is no need to strictly suppress deformation of the object W to be measured to give it an ideal circular shape (annular shape).
- the image processing unit 140 generates a planar image IMG of the object W to be measured viewed from above the rotary table 110. . Subsequently, edges are detected over the entire circumference of the planar image at predetermined center angle increments (for example, every 0.1 degree) in the radial direction from the center to the peripheral edge of the object W to be measured.
- FIG. 11 is an example in which edges corresponding to the outer periphery of the detected object W are displayed as x marks in the plane image IMG generated by the image processing unit 140. Then, for the edge group detected in this way for one round (360 degrees), the sum of the distances between adjacent edges is calculated, and the sum is calculated as length (inner circumference length or outer circumference length).
- edge detection was performed on a planar image, but edge detection was performed on optical section line image data at each rotation angle obtained by measurement before forming a planar image.
- information indicating an edge position may be added to the planar image.
- the maximum value and/or minimum value of the inner diameter and/or outer diameter can be measured by the following procedure, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 13.
- the surface shape of the object W placed on the rotary table 110 is measured using the optical cutting sensor 130 (from a plurality of angles as necessary).
- input of the height range for which the maximum and minimum values of the inner diameter and outer diameter are to be determined is accepted (step S11).
- the obtained surface shape (three-dimensional shape) of the object to be measured W at every predetermined step ⁇ in the circumferential direction ⁇ in the cylindrical coordinate system (r, ⁇ , z), A cross-sectional profile is extracted (step S12).
- the minimum value and/or maximum value in the radial direction in the height range of interest is determined for each cross-sectional profile (step S13). Then, the smallest value among the minimum values of all the cross-sectional profiles is the minimum value at the outer diameter or inner diameter of interest, and the largest among the maximum values of all the profiles is the maximum value at the outer diameter or inner diameter of interest. (Step S14).
- the maximum value of the inner diameter and/or outer diameter in the desired height range can be adjusted in a relatively short time. It becomes possible to measure the minimum value.
- the object to be measured W consisting of a rotating body or a substantially rotating body can be measured inside, outside, at any height, at any angle.
- the optical cutting sensor 130 can be placed inside the cavity to measure the inside of the object W to be measured, and it can also be measured from the outside.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and modifications.
- the above-mentioned embodiments and modifications are illustrative, and there is nothing that has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea stated in the claims of the present invention and provides similar effects.
- it is also included within the technical scope of the present invention. That is, changes can be made as appropriate within the scope of the technical idea expressed in the present invention, and forms with such changes and improvements are also included within the technical scope of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
被計測物Wの表面に凸部(エンボス)あるいは凹部(デボス・刻印)として文字や図形が描かれることがある。これらの文字や図形は、被計測物Wの装飾として設けられる他、品番、製造番号等の製造情報の表示として設けられることもある。被計測物Wにおいては、被計測物Wの識別、良否判定等の目的で、凹部および/または凸部(以下、単に、凹凸という)として描かれた文字や図形を抽出し認識することが求められることがある。
初めに、基準形状の表面を基準とする凹凸量を示している凹凸データを、凹凸量に応じた画素値を有する凹凸二次元画像に変換する(S01)。この凹凸二次元画像には、被計測物Wに凹凸として描かれている文字や図形が含まれているが、画像内に写る角度は計測時に被計測物Wを回転テーブル110に配置したときの角度に依存しており一定ではない。そこで、凹凸二次元画像に写る被計測物Wの中から、所定の基準形状を認識する(S02)。続いて、凹凸二次元画像に写る被計測物Wの中で基準形状が所定の位置に位置するように、凹凸二次元画像を回転させる(S03)。このように凹凸二次元画像を回転させることで、凹凸二次元画像に写る被計測物Wの向き(角度)を、基準となる向き(角度)に揃えることができる。続いて、基準となる角度となるよう回転させた凹凸二次元画像に対し、任意の手法により文字認識や図形照合を実施する(S04)。
略円形の外周や内周を有する被計測物Wについて、外周長や内周長を計測することを求められることがある。被計測物Wが変形しやすいものである場合(例えば、円形のゴムパッキン等)、被計測物Wの立体形状の外周や内周を円に近似して内周長や外周長を計算により求めても、変形の影響により高い精度を期待することはできない。
略円形の外周や内周を有する被計測物Wにおける所定の高さ範囲について、内径および/または外径の最大値および/または最小値を計測することを求められることがある。被計測物Wの内径や外径が高さに応じて変化するものである場合(図12にその一例を示す)、上方からカメラ等で撮影した光学画像では、着目する高さ(例えば図12において符号Hで示された範囲)における内径・外径を測定できない場合がある。また、このような被計測物Wの表面形状をタッチプローブを用いて計測し、内径や外径を求めることも考えられるが、内径や外径の最大値・最小値を求めるには、着目する高さ範囲の全域について外周や内周の全周に渡り計測を行う必要があり、測定に長時間を要することとなる。
110…回転テーブル
111…台座
112…モータ
120…エンコーダ
130…光切断センサ
140…画像処理部
150…ロボット
160…制御部
170…コンピュータ
171…記憶部
172…入力部
173…CPU
B…光切断線画像
W…被計測物
Wb…底面
Ws…側面
Claims (10)
- 回転体からなる被計測物における計測面の三次元表面形状を光切断法により計測する表面形状計測装置であって、
載置された前記被計測物を円周方向に回転させる回転テーブルと、
前記回転テーブルの回転角に応じた信号を順次出力するエンコーダと、
前記計測面に帯状光またはライン状光を照射し、前記回転テーブルが回転することで前記計測面を移動する、前記帯状光またはライン状光により生じた光切断線を、前記エンコーダからの前記信号の出力をトリガに順次撮像して、前記回転角ごとの光切断線画像データを取得する光切断センサと、
それぞれの前記光切断線画像データを、対応する前記回転角に従い順次配列することで、前記計測面の表面形状を示す三次元画像を生成する画像処理部と、
を備える表面形状計測装置。 - 前記光切断センサは、前記計測面が底面のときには前記被計測物の径方向の帯状光またはライン状光を前記底面に照射することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表面形状計測装置。
- 前記光切断センサは、前記計測面が側面のときには前記被計測物の高さ方向の帯状光またはライン状光を前記側面に照射することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表面形状計測装置。
- 前記画像処理部は、それぞれの前記光切断線画像データを、対応する前記回転角に従い順次配列するに際し、前記回転テーブルの回転中心と前記被計測物の中心軸とのずれに基づく規則性に従い補正して配列することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の表面形状計測装置。
- 前記画像処理部は、前記計測面が底面である前記回転角ごとの光切断線画像データと、前記計測面が側面である前記回転角ごとの光切断線画像データと、から前記底面の表面形状と前記側面の表面形状とが連続的に表現された前記被計測物の立体画像を生成することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の表面形状計測装置。
- 多関節アームを有し、その先端に前記光切断センサが装着されるロボットと、
指示入力により、前記ロボットに前記光切断センサを前記光切断線画像データの取得位置に移動させる制御部と、
を備えることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の表面形状計測装置。 - 前記ロボットにより前記光切断センサを移動させて、2以上の前記取得位置における前記回転角ごとの光切断線画像データを、共通の座標系で取得することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の表面形状計測装置。
- 前記画像処理部は、計測した前記被計測物の計測面の三次元表面形状から所定の基準形状を差し引くことにより、前記被計測物の計測面に設けられた凹凸を抽出し、抽出した前記凹凸により描かれた文字および/または図形を認識することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の表面形状計測装置。
- 前記画像処理部は、
計測した前記被計測物の計測面の三次元表面形状から、被計測物を前記回転テーブルの上方から見た平面画像を生成し、
生成した前記平面画像について、前記被計測物の中央部から周縁部に向かう半径方向ついて、所定の中心角刻みで全周に亘りエッジを検出し、
隣接するエッジ間の距離の総和を算出して、当該総和を前記被計測物におけるエッジが検出された部分の周長とすることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の表面形状計測装置。 - 前記画像処理部は、
計測した前記被計測物の計測面の三次元表面形状から、円筒座標系の周方向の所定ステップ毎に、被計測物の中心を通る複数の断面プロファイルを取得し、
取得した前記断面プロファイルのそれぞれについて着目する高さ範囲における径方向の最小値および/または最大値を求め、
全ての前記断面プロファイルにおける最小値の中で最小のものを着目する外径または内径における最小値とし、
全ての前記断面プロファイルにおける最大値の中で最大のものを着目する外径または内径における最大値とすることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の表面形状計測装置。
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| EP23766574.0A EP4491999A4 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-02-22 | SURFACE SHAPE MEASUREMENT DEVICE |
| US18/844,279 US20250231021A1 (en) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-02-22 | Surface shape measurement device |
| CN202380025632.0A CN118829846A (zh) | 2022-03-08 | 2023-02-22 | 表面形状测量装置 |
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| CN120385281A (zh) * | 2025-04-29 | 2025-07-29 | 联佳科技(苏州)有限公司 | 一种大型零部件外观视觉化检测设备 |
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| CN115257249B (zh) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-07-09 | 浙江联控技术有限公司 | 胎压报警方法、装置、计算机设备及存储介质 |
| JP2026022132A (ja) | 2024-07-30 | 2026-02-12 | 日本電気株式会社 | 検査装置、検査方法およびプログラム |
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| CN118829846A (zh) | 2024-10-22 |
| EP4491999A4 (en) | 2026-03-04 |
| JP2023131124A (ja) | 2023-09-21 |
| US20250231021A1 (en) | 2025-07-17 |
| EP4491999A1 (en) | 2025-01-15 |
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