WO2023185325A1 - 一种热管理组件、电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

一种热管理组件、电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023185325A1
WO2023185325A1 PCT/CN2023/077438 CN2023077438W WO2023185325A1 WO 2023185325 A1 WO2023185325 A1 WO 2023185325A1 CN 2023077438 W CN2023077438 W CN 2023077438W WO 2023185325 A1 WO2023185325 A1 WO 2023185325A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
battery
fluid channel
thermal management
absorbing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/077438
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
赵鹏博
王勇
王庆
刘瑞堤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP23777704.0A priority Critical patent/EP4439804A4/en
Publication of WO2023185325A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185325A1/zh
Priority to US18/760,037 priority patent/US20240356138A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, relates to a thermal management component, a battery and an electrical device.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a thermal management component, a battery and an electrical device, so that the battery system can cope with the impact of the bottom during driving.
  • this application provides a thermal management assembly for thermal management of battery cells, including: at least two headers, and a number of fluid channels arranged side by side between the headers, so The inside of the fluid channel is used to accommodate fluid for thermal management; the fluid channel includes two opposite sides, one side is used to carry the battery cells and conduct heat exchange with the battery cells, and the other side is provided with There is an energy-absorbing structure, and the stiffness of the energy-absorbing structure is smaller than the stiffness of the fluid channel.
  • the thermal management component provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a header and a fluid channel.
  • the header is used for fluid to enter and exit, and the fluid channel is used to accommodate fluid for thermal management, so that the thermal management component can implement the thermal management function of the battery system.
  • the battery cell is arranged on the side of the fluid channel away from the energy-absorbing structure.
  • the energy-absorbing structure includes a plurality of energy-absorbing cavities separated by first dividing ribs, and the energy-absorbing cavities are sequentially arranged on the fluid channel in a direction parallel to the fluid channel.
  • the energy-absorbing structure in the form of energy-absorbing cavities can cover as much of the area where the fluid channel is located to provide a more comprehensive protection for the fluid channel; on the other hand, multiple energy-absorbing cavities can moderately enhance The ability of the energy-absorbing structure to absorb impact energy is to absorb as much impact force as possible caused by the impact on the bottom.
  • the energy-absorbing structure includes a plurality of energy-absorbing cavities separated by first dividing ribs, and the energy-absorbing cavities are along a direction perpendicular to the direction from the fluid channel to the energy-absorbing structure. are arranged on the fluid channel in turn.
  • the fluid channel includes a plurality of channels separated by second dividing ribs; in an extension direction perpendicular to the fluid channel and perpendicular to the extension direction of the header, the first A dividing rib includes two opposite ends, and the two ends of any one of the first dividing ribs are located on the extension line of one of the second dividing ribs. Because when the bottom is impacted, after the energy-absorbing cavity is compressed, part of the force will continue to be transmitted upward along the first dividing rib to the fluid channel, so the first dividing rib needs to be set at a position with stronger stiffness on the fluid channel. , that is, where the second dividing rib is located, thereby further preventing the fluid channel from being damaged.
  • a cross section of the first dividing rib perpendicular to the extension direction of the fluid channel is arc-shaped.
  • the energy-absorbing structure includes multiple energy-absorbing cavities separated by arc-shaped first dividing ribs. When the bottom is impacted, the first dividing ribs collapse and the energy-absorbing cavities are compressed, thereby absorbing more energy. The impact force caused by the impact on the bottom.
  • the number of energy-absorbing cavities is less than the number of channels, and each first dividing rib corresponds to a corresponding second dividing rib.
  • the number of energy-absorbing cavities is the same as the number of channels, and each energy-absorbing cavity corresponds to the channel one-to-one. Each energy-absorbing cavity protects a channel at the same projection position.
  • the energy-absorbing cavity is surrounded by a first connecting wall and the first dividing rib, and the channel is surrounded by a second connecting wall and the second dividing rib; the third The thickness of one connecting wall is smaller than the thickness of the second connecting wall.
  • the wall thickness is set so that the stiffness of the energy-absorbing cavity is smaller than that of the channel, so that when the bottom is impacted, the energy-absorbing cavity with smaller stiffness is lost preferentially to protect the fluid channel with larger stiffness, thereby preventing the fluid channel from being damaged. damage.
  • the thickness of the first dividing rib is smaller than the thickness of the second dividing rib, so as to further make the stiffness of the energy-absorbing cavity smaller than the stiffness of the fluid channel.
  • the thickness of the first dividing rib is equal to the thickness of the second dividing rib.
  • the energy-absorbing cavity is integrally formed with the fluid channel. Integrated fluid channels and energy-absorbing cavities simplify the manufacturing process of thermal management components.
  • the present application provides a battery, including the above-mentioned thermal management component, a battery cell, a box frame and a bottom guard.
  • the box frame and the bottom guard are enclosed to form an accommodation cavity, and the The battery cells and the thermal management component are accommodated in the accommodation cavity;
  • a bearing portion for supporting the energy-absorbing structure is also provided on the bottom guard, and the bearing portion is arranged opposite to the energy-absorbing structure.
  • the bearing part supports the energy-absorbing structure. When the bottom is impacted, the bearing part is in contact with the energy-absorbing structure, which facilitates the upward transmission of the impact force.
  • the bearing part is in indirect contact with the fluid channel, so that the bearing part is in indirect contact with the fluid channel.
  • the energy-absorbing structure is arranged along the direction from the fluid channel to the energy-absorbing structure.
  • the projection is located within the bearing surface of the bearing portion.
  • a buffer is provided between the energy-absorbing structure and the bottom guard. Because the fluid channel and the bottom guard are both made of rigid materials, adding a soft buffer between the two can reduce friction or damage caused by rigid contact between the fluid channel and the bottom guard.
  • a limiting groove is provided on a surface of the fluid channel close to the side of the battery cell, and a thermal conductive member for heat exchange with the battery cell is embedded in the limiting groove.
  • the position of the thermal conductive member is pre-positioned through the limiting groove to improve assembly efficiency, thereby improving battery production efficiency.
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the above-mentioned battery, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management component provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view (partial) of A-A in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic diagram of B in Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of another battery provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of another battery (including only the thermal management component and the bottom guard) provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Thermal management component 110. Manifold; 120. Fluid channel; 121. Second dividing rib; 122. Channel; 123. Second connecting wall; 130. Energy-absorbing structure; 131. First dividing rib; 131a. First end; 131b, second end; 132, energy-absorbing cavity; 133, first connecting wall; 130, limiting groove; 140, thermal conductive member;
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the safety performance testing and evaluation of battery systems includes aspects such as electrical safety, mechanical safety and environmental safety.
  • the bottoming condition refers to when the car chassis hits the ground or ground protrusions while driving. Bottoming may occur when a car passes over a speed bump, hits a curb, goes up a slope, rides on potholes, or rolls over stones or bricks on the road.
  • the situation where stones are kicked up by the wheels and hit the bottom of the car can also be classified as under-bottoming conditions.
  • For new energy vehicles with power batteries arranged under the floor because the bottom surface of the power battery is not protected by the body structure and has a large area, it is more susceptible to scratches and impacts.
  • the supporting working condition can easily cause damage to the battery, and in severe cases, it can cause fire and explosion. Moreover, the damage caused by the support is at the bottom of the battery, making it difficult to detect and concealed. In some underpinning accidents, although there was no short-circuit fire at the time and the vehicle could continue to drive, the battery pack had been severely deformed. If the user does not discover and handle it in time, the battery core and high-voltage components continue to be squeezed, and the battery pack may spontaneously ignite after a period of time.
  • the bottom scraping mode that is, the front end and bottom of the power battery are scratched in the front and rear directions, and the load is mainly in the horizontal direction, and some vertical loads are also transmitted upward in the form of component forces.
  • the other is the bottom impact mode, that is, the bottom surface of the power battery is squeezed or impacted upward.
  • the load is mainly in the vertical direction, which usually causes vertical deformation of the battery bottom case. In severe cases, the battery bottom case can be pushed through and pierce the internal core. This is also a situation mainly considered in the embodiments of this application.
  • the bottom structure of the battery system in order to cope with the impact of the bottom of the battery system during driving, the bottom structure of the battery system must be very strong. Usually only a cast case with sufficient thickness and designed with a large number of reinforcing ribs can meet the standard. At present, the vast majority of new energy vehicles use bottom structures made of extruded aluminum, steel plates or aluminum plates, which are prone to large deformations under large loads. To cope with the impact of the bottom during driving, protective beams and bottom guards need to be added. Components such as boards and multiple reinforcing plates not only greatly increase production costs, but also reduce production efficiency.
  • an energy-absorbing structure can be set on the other side of the fluid channel opposite to the above-mentioned side.
  • the stiffness of the energy-absorbing structure is smaller than the stiffness of the fluid channel, so that the energy-absorbing structure is lost preferentially when a bottom collision occurs.
  • the structure protects the fluid channel and thus the battery cells. This eliminates the need to install reinforcement plates at each battery pack position, ultimately achieving the purpose of reducing battery product production costs and improving production efficiency.
  • Batteries disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be used in, but are not limited to, vehicles, ships, aircraft, and other electrical devices.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide an electrical device that uses a battery to provide electrical energy.
  • the electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery car, an electric vehicle, a ship, a spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • an electric device 10 according to an embodiment of the present application is used as an example.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 3 is a perspective exploded view of a battery provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management component provided by some embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view (partial) of A-A in Figure 4
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic view of B in Figure 5
  • Figure 7 is provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the vehicle 10 may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a range-extended vehicle.
  • the battery 11 is disposed inside the vehicle 10 , and the battery 11 can be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 10 .
  • the battery 11 may be used to power the vehicle 10 , for example, the battery 11 may serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 10 .
  • the vehicle 10 may also include a controller 12 and a motor 13.
  • the controller 12 is used to control the battery 11 to provide power to the motor 13.
  • the motor 13 is used to start the vehicle 10.
  • the battery 11 can also be used to meet the working power requirements for navigation and driving. need.
  • the battery 11 can not only be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 10 , but also can be used as a driving power source of the vehicle 10 , replacing or partially replacing fossil energy sources such as fuel or natural gas, and converting electricity into mechanical power to provide driving power for the vehicle 10 .
  • the battery 11 includes: a thermal management assembly 100, a battery cell, a box frame 200 and a bottom guard 300.
  • the box frame 200 and the bottom guard 300 are surrounded by They are combined to form an accommodation cavity, in which the battery cells and the thermal management component 100 are accommodated;
  • the bottom guard 300 is also provided with a bearing portion 310 for supporting the energy-absorbing structure 130 , and the bearing portion 310 is arranged opposite to the energy-absorbing structure 130 .
  • the battery 11 disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can not only be used in energy storage power systems such as hydraulic, thermal, wind and solar power stations, but also can be widely used in electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, etc. Electric vehicles, as well as military equipment, aerospace and other fields, are not specifically limited here.
  • the battery 11 includes a thermal management device that is in contact with the outer side of the battery cell.
  • Components 100 As shown in Figures 4 and 5, in a first aspect, the present application provides a thermal management component 100, which is used to thermally manage battery cells.
  • the thermal management assembly 100 includes at least two headers 110 and a plurality of fluid channels 120 arranged side by side between the headers 110.
  • the inside of the fluid channels 120 is used to accommodate fluid for thermal management; the fluid channels 120 include opposite One side is used to carry the battery cells and conduct heat exchange with the battery cells.
  • the other side is provided with an energy-absorbing structure 130 .
  • the stiffness of the energy-absorbing structure 130 is smaller than the stiffness of the fluid channel 120 .
  • the number of headers 110 can be increased and the headers 110 can be used as intermediate connections to splice the fluid channels 120 with smaller lengths to meet the use requirements.
  • the central header 110 needs to be provided with mounting holes on opposite sides on both sides to achieve the intermediate connection function.
  • each header 110 is provided with a mounting hole for communicating with the fluid channel 120 , and two adjacent headers 110 are arranged with the mounting holes facing each other.
  • the spacing between two adjacent mounting holes on each header 110 determines the spacing between two adjacent fluid channels 120 .
  • the number of mounting holes opened in each header 110 is consistent with the number of fluid channels 120 arranged side by side, and the number of fluid channels 120 arranged side by side is positively related to the size of the arrayed battery cells in the width direction. It can be understood that when multiple battery cells are arranged and have a large size in the width direction, multiple headers 110 can also be spliced along the width direction to meet usage requirements.
  • adjacent header pipes 110 in the width direction can be connected by connecting components, so that the entire thermal management assembly 100 is integrated, thereby realizing the flow of fluid for thermal management in the thermal management assembly 100 circulation flow in.
  • the number of header tubes 110 may be two.
  • two manifolds 110 are taken as an example for description.
  • One of the manifolds 110 is provided with a liquid inlet, and the other manifold is provided with a liquid outlet.
  • Several fluid channels 120 are arranged side by side between two adjacent headers 110 , and both ends of each fluid channel 120 are inserted into a set of oppositely arranged mounting holes to connect the two headers with each fluid channel 120 Connected.
  • the fluid used for thermal management enters the header 110 from the liquid inlet, passes through the fluid channel 120, and then goes out from the other header 110. While the fluid used for thermal management flows through the fluid channel 120, it can Realize the thermal management function of the battery 11 system.
  • the fluid channel 120 includes two opposite sides, one of which is located close to the battery cell in the entire battery 11 structure. This side is used to contact the battery cell to achieve the thermal management function; and the other side An energy-absorbing structure 130 is provided on this side of the entire battery 11 structure at a position away from the battery cell, and the stiffness of the energy-absorbing structure 130 is smaller than the stiffness of the fluid channel 120 to achieve the protection function.
  • the fluid channel 120 can be a harmonica tube.
  • the fluid channel 120 has a square shape and a flat harmonica-shaped cross section to improve heat exchange efficiency.
  • the energy-absorbing structure 130 can be made of the same material as the fluid channel 120, such as aluminum alloy. In other embodiments, the energy-absorbing structure 130 and the fluid channel 120 can also be made of different materials, which are not specifically limited here.
  • the thermal management component 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a header 110 and a fluid channel 120.
  • the header 110 is used for fluid entry and exit, and the fluid channel 120 is used for circulating fluid for thermal management, so as to achieve thermal management.
  • the component 100 implements the thermal management function of the battery 11 system.
  • the battery cell is arranged on the side of the fluid channel 120 that is away from the energy-absorbing structure.
  • the energy-absorbing structure 130 By arranging the energy-absorbing structure 130 on the side of the fluid channel 120 that is away from the battery unit, when the bottom is impacted, the stiffness of the energy-absorbing structure 130 is smaller than that of the fluid channel 120 Therefore, the energy-absorbing structure 130 will be damaged first to absorb and buffer the impact force caused by the impact on the bottom, so as to protect the fluid channel 120, thereby enhancing the bottom structural strength of the battery 11 system.
  • the energy-absorbing structure 130 includes a plurality of energy-absorbing cavities 132 separated by first dividing ribs 131 , and the energy-absorbing cavities 132 are parallel to the fluid channel 120 The directions are set on the fluid channel 120 in turn.
  • the energy-absorbing structure 130 may have various forms.
  • the energy-absorbing structure 130 includes a plurality of energy-absorbing cavities 132 separated by first dividing ribs 131 .
  • the energy-absorbing cavities 132 extend along a vertical direction from the fluid channel 120 to the energy-absorbing cavity 132 .
  • the direction of the structure 130 is sequentially set on the fluid channel 120, as long as the stiffness of the energy-absorbing structure 130 is smaller than the stiffness of the fluid channel 120.
  • the energy-absorbing structure 130 includes a plurality of energy-absorbing ribs evenly distributed on the side of the fluid channel 120 facing away from the battery cells. The stiffness of the energy-absorbing ribs is smaller than the stiffness of the fluid channel 120. When the bottom is impacted, the energy-absorbing ribs are first lost. To protect the fluid channel 120.
  • the number of energy-absorbing cavities 132 is related to the size of the fluid channel 120. The larger the size of the fluid channel 120, the greater the number of energy-absorbing cavities 132 required to ensure the protection effect. Moreover, the size of the multiple energy-absorbing cavities 132 can be the same to simplify the manufacturing process; the size of the multiple energy-absorbing cavities 132 can also be different. It can be different to adapt to the specific specifications of the fluid channel 120, which is not specifically limited here. Therefore, the energy-absorbing structure 130 in the form of multiple energy-absorbing cavities 132 separated by the first dividing ribs 131 can, on the one hand, cover more of the area where the fluid channel 120 is located, so as to comprehensively protect the fluid channel 120 . On the other hand, the multiple energy-absorbing cavities 132 can moderately enhance the stiffness of the energy-absorbing structure 130 and at the same time increase the total amount of impact energy absorbed.
  • the fluid channel 120 includes a plurality of channels 122 separated by second separation ribs 121 .
  • the energy-absorbing structure 130 includes a plurality of energy-absorbing cavities 132 separated by first dividing ribs 131 .
  • the first dividing rib 131 includes two opposite ends (including the first end 131a and the second end 131b), and any one Both ends of the first dividing rib 131 are located on the extension line of a second dividing rib 121 . Because when the bottom is hit, after the energy-absorbing cavity 132 is compressed, part of the force will continue to be transmitted upward along the first dividing rib 131 to the fluid channel 120, so the first dividing rib 131 needs to be arranged on the fluid channel 120 to provide rigidity. At a stronger position, that is, at the position where the second dividing rib 121 is located, the fluid channel 120 is further prevented from being damaged.
  • the cross section of the first dividing rib 131 perpendicular to the extension direction of the fluid channel 120 is arc-shaped, as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the cross section of the first dividing rib 131 may also be in an arc-like shape, or any other smoothly transitioning curve shape.
  • the energy-absorbing structure 130 includes a plurality of energy-absorbing cavities 132 separated by arc-shaped first dividing ribs 131. When the bottom is impacted, the first dividing ribs 131 collapse and the energy-absorbing cavities 132 are compressed. This absorbs more of the impact force caused by the impact on the bottom.
  • the number of energy-absorbing cavities 132 is the same as the number of channels 122 , and each energy-absorbing cavity 132 corresponds to the channel 122 one-to-one.
  • the size of the energy-absorbing structure 130 in the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the fluid channel 120 is greater than or equal to the size of the fluid channel 120 in this direction.
  • the energy-absorbing structure 130 includes a plurality of energy-absorbing cavities 132 separated by first dividing ribs 131
  • the fluid channel 120 includes a plurality of channels 122 separated by second dividing ribs 121 .
  • the number of energy-absorbing cavities 132 and the number of channels 122 may be the same, and each energy-absorbing cavity 132 protects one channel 122 at the same projection position. In other embodiments, the number of energy-absorbing cavities 132 and the number of channels 122 may also be different. Considering the factor of force transmission, the number of energy-absorbing cavities 132 is smaller than the number of channels 122. In this way, one energy-absorbing cavity 132 is smaller than the number of channels 122. Cavity 132 may protect one channel 122 or multiple channels 122 .
  • the energy-absorbing cavity 132 is surrounded by the first connecting wall 133 and the first dividing rib 131
  • the channel 122 is surrounded by the second connecting wall 123 and the second dividing rib 121 Therefore, in this embodiment, both the energy-absorbing cavity 132 and the channel 122 are square.
  • the thickness of the first connecting wall 133 is set to be smaller than the thickness of the second connecting wall 123 .
  • the material of the energy-absorbing cavity 132 and the channel 122 may be the same or different.
  • the materials used for both are not limited.
  • the stiffness of the material of the energy-absorbing cavity 132 is smaller than the stiffness of the material of the channel 122 . It should be noted that when the fluid channel 120 and the energy-absorbing cavity 132 share a connecting wall, the connecting wall The thickness of should adopt the set thickness of the first connecting wall 133.
  • the wall thickness is set so that the stiffness of the energy-absorbing cavity 132 is smaller than that of the channel 122, so that when the bottom is impacted, the energy-absorbing cavity 132 with smaller stiffness is lost preferentially to protect the channel 122 with larger stiffness, thereby preventing fluid flow Channel 120 is damaged.
  • the thickness of the first dividing rib 131 is smaller than the thickness of the second dividing rib 121, so as to further make the stiffness of the energy-absorbing cavity 132 smaller than Stiffness of channel 122.
  • the material of the energy-absorbing cavity 132 and the material of the channel 122 can be made of different materials, and the stiffness of the material of the energy-absorbing cavity 132 is smaller than the stiffness of the material of the channel 122, at this time,
  • the thickness of the first dividing rib 131 can also be equal to the thickness of the second dividing rib 121, or it can also satisfy that the stiffness of the energy-absorbing cavity 132 is smaller than the stiffness of the channel 122, so that when the bottom is impacted/impacted, the energy-absorbing structure will first It is damaged and absorbs and buffers the impact force caused by the impact on the bottom to protect the fluid channel.
  • the energy-absorbing cavity 132 and the fluid channel 120 are integrally formed.
  • the integrally formed fluid channel 120 and the energy-absorbing cavity 132 can simplify the manufacturing process of the thermal management component 100 .
  • the energy-absorbing cavity 132 and the channel 122 can also be made separately and then spliced together, which is not specifically limited here.
  • the present application provides a battery 11.
  • the battery 11 includes the thermal management component 100 as described above, a battery cell (not shown in the figure), and a box frame. 200 and the bottom guard 300, the box frame 200 and the bottom guard 300 are enclosed to form an accommodation cavity, and the battery cells and the thermal management components 100 are accommodated in the accommodation cavity; the bottom guard 300 is also provided with a support for energy absorption
  • the bearing portion 310 of the structure 130 is arranged opposite to the energy-absorbing structure 130 .
  • the battery cell is the smallest unit that specifically realizes the conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy.
  • the battery cell may be a secondary battery 11 or a primary battery 11; it may also be a lithium-sulfur battery 11, a sodium-ion battery 11 or a magnesium-ion battery 11, but is not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell can be in the shape of cylinder, flat body, rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes.
  • Each battery 11 module includes multiple battery cells, and the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells are both connected in series and in parallel.
  • Mixed connection means that multiple battery 11 modules are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the corresponding number and size of the fluid channels 120 are adapted according to the number and size of the battery 11 modules.
  • the battery 11 also includes a battery box.
  • the battery box is used to provide accommodating space for the battery cells and the thermal management assembly 100.
  • the battery box can adopt a variety of structures. Referring to Figure 7, the battery box specifically includes a box frame 200 and a bottom guard 300. The box frame 200 and the bottom guard 300 are enclosed to form a receiving cavity, which is used to accommodate the thermal management component 100 and the battery cell. .
  • the box frame 200 includes an upper cover, and the bottom guard 300 serves as a lower cover. The box frame 200 and the bottom guard 300 are assembled by covering each other, and the box frame 200 and the bottom guard 300 are assembled together. Limit the accommodation space.
  • the battery box formed by the box frame 200 and the bottom guard 300 can be in various shapes, such as a cylinder, a rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • the stiffness of the bottom guard 300 is greater than the stiffness of the box frame 200 .
  • the bottom guard 300 carries the weight of the entire battery 11 product, and can be made by bending and welding sheet metal parts, stamping and welding of sheet metal parts, aluminum alloy casting, or aluminum alloy die-casting.
  • a corresponding bearing part 310 is provided on the bottom guard 300 at a position opposite to the energy-absorbing structure 130 , that is, one energy-absorbing structure 130 and one bearing part 310 are provided correspondingly.
  • the bearing part 310 supports the energy-absorbing structure 130.
  • the bearing part contacts the energy-absorbing structure and facilitates the upward transmission of impact force; on the other hand, the bearing part 310 is indirectly connected to the fluid channel 120. contact, thereby increasing the heat dissipation area, improving heat exchange between internal and external air, and thereby improving the thermal management effect of the battery 11 system.
  • a bearing part 310 can be arranged to cover the entire area where an energy-absorbing structure 130 is located, that is, the bearing part 310 and the energy-absorbing structure 130 are in the bottom protection zone.
  • the projections on the board 300 are completely overlapped, further improving the power transmission effect and heat dissipation effect.
  • a buffer 400 is also provided between the energy-absorbing structure 130 and the bottom guard 300.
  • the buffer 400 can be made of soft material, can be elastic, or can be It is not flexible and is not specifically limited here. Because the fluid channel 120 and the bottom guard 300 are made of rigid materials, by adding the buffer 400 between them, friction or damage caused by rigid contact between the fluid channel 120 and the bottom guard 300 is reduced.
  • a limiting groove 140 is also provided on the surface of the fluid channel 120 close to the side of the battery cell.
  • the limiting groove 140 is embedded with a heat exchanger for heat exchange with the battery cell.
  • the thermal conductive member 150 is used to conduct the heat of the battery cells to the fluid channel 120 .
  • the number of the limiting groove 140 may be one or multiple, depending on the size of the fluid channel 120 .
  • the limiting groove 140 can also be integrally formed with the fluid channel 120 and the energy-absorbing structure 130 to simplify the production process. The installation position of the heat conductive member 150 is pre-positioned through the limiting groove 140 to improve assembly efficiency, thereby improving the production efficiency of the battery 11 .
  • the present application provides an electrical device, including the above-mentioned battery 11, where the battery 11 is used to provide electrical energy.
  • electrical devices include but are not limited to mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, power tools, battery cars, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, etc.
  • electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, electric airplane toys, etc.
  • spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请属于电池技术领域，提供了一种热管理组件(100)、电池(11)及用电装置。其中，热管理组件(100)包括：至少两个集流管(110)，以及并排设置在集流管(110)之间的若干个流体通道(120)；流体通道(120)包括相对设置的两侧面，一侧面用于承载电池单体并与电池单体进行热交换，另一侧面设置有吸能结构(130)，吸能结构(130)的刚度小于流体通道(120)的刚度。在底部受到冲撞时，吸能结构会先受到破坏而吸收并缓冲因底部受撞击而产生的冲击力，以起到保护流体通道的作用，由此增强了电池系统的底部结构的吸收冲击能量的能力而使电池系统能够应对底部冲撞情况。

Description

一种热管理组件、电池及用电装置
本申请要求于2022年03月28日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202220694810.1、发明名称为“一种热管理组件、电池及用电装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请属于电池技术领域，更具体地说，是涉及一种热管理组件、电池及用电装置。
背景技术
随着新能源汽车的快速发展，电池系统的安全性能越来越受到关注。考虑到新能源汽车在使用过程中，会遇到有遭到底部方向的障碍物冲撞而造成电池单体受到挤压甚至损伤的情况。
所以提供一种能够使电池系统应对行驶途中底部受到冲撞的结构是很有必要的。
申请内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种热管理组件、电池及用电装置，以使电池系统应对行驶途中的底部受到冲撞的情况。
第一方面，本申请提供一种热管理组件，用于对电池单体进行热管理，包括：至少两个集流管，以及并排设置在所述集流管之间的若干个流体通道，所述流体通道的内部用于容纳进行热管理的流体；所述流体通道包括相对设置的两侧面，一所述侧面用于承载电池单体并与电池单体进行热交换，另一所述侧面设置有吸能结构，所述吸能结构的刚度小于所述流体通道的刚度。
本申请实施例提供的热管理组件包括集流管和流体通道，集流管用于流体进出，流体通道用于容纳进行热管理的流体，以使热管理组件实现对电池系统的热管理功能。流体通道背离吸能结构的一侧设置电池单体，通过在流体通道背离电池单体的一侧设置吸能结构，在底部受到碰撞/撞击的时候，因为吸能结构的刚度小于流体通道的刚度，所以吸能结构会先受到破坏而吸收并缓冲因底部受撞击而产生的冲击力，以起到保护流体通道的作用，由此增强了电池系统的底部结构的吸收冲击能量的能力而使电池系统能够应对底部受到冲撞的情况。
在一些实施例中，所述吸能结构包括由第一分隔筋分隔而成的多个吸能空腔，所述吸能空腔沿平行于所述流体通道方向依次设置在所述流体通道上。一方面，吸能空腔形式的吸能结构可以尽可能多的覆盖到流体通道所在的区域，以对流体通道起到较为全面的保护作用；另一方面，多个吸能空腔可以适度增强吸能结构的吸收冲击能量的能力，以尽可能多的吸受到因底部受撞击而产生的冲击力。
在一些实施例中，所述吸能结构包括由第一分隔筋分隔而成的多个吸能空腔，所述吸能空腔沿垂直于自所述流体通道至所述吸能结构的方向依次设置在所述流体通道上。
在一些实施例中，所述流体通道包括由第二分隔筋分隔而成的多个通道；在垂直于所述流体通道的延伸方向以及垂直于所述集流管的延伸方向上，所述第一分隔筋包括相对设置的两端，且任意一个所述第一分隔筋的所述两端位于一个所述第二分隔筋的延长线上。因为在底部受到冲撞时，吸能空腔被压缩后，部分力量会沿着第一分隔筋继续向上传递至流体通道处，所以需要将第一分隔筋设置在流体通道上刚度较强的位置处，也就是第二分隔筋所在的位置处，由此进一步避免流体通道受到破坏。
在一些实施例中，所述第一分隔筋的垂直于所述流体通道的延伸方向的剖面呈弧形。吸能结构包括由呈弧形的第一分隔筋分隔而成的多个吸能空腔，在底部受到冲撞时，第一分隔筋溃缩、吸能空腔被压缩，由此吸收更多的因底部受撞击而产生的冲击力。
在一些实施例中，所述吸能空腔的数量少于所述通道的数量，每一所述第一分隔筋对应于相应的一所述第二分隔筋。
在一些实施例中，所述吸能空腔的数量与所述通道的数量相同，每个所述吸能空腔与所述通道一一对应。每个吸能空腔分别保护同一投影位置处的一个通道。
在一些实施例中，所述吸能空腔由第一连接壁和所述第一分隔筋围绕而成，所述通道由第二连接壁和所述第二分隔筋围绕而成；所述第一连接壁的厚度小于所述第二连接壁的厚度。通过壁厚的设置以使吸能空腔的刚度小于通道，以在受到底部受到冲撞时，优先损失掉刚度较小的吸能空腔来保护刚度较大的流体通道，由此避免流体通道受损。
在一些实施例中，所述第一分隔筋的厚度小于所述第二分隔筋的厚度，以进一步地使吸能空腔的刚度小于流体通道的刚度。或者，在一些实施例中，所述第一分隔筋的厚度等于所述第二分隔筋的厚度。
在一些实施例中，所述吸能空腔与所述流体通道一体成型。一体成型的流体通道和吸能空腔可以简化热管理组件的制作工艺。
第二方面，本申请提供一种电池，包括如上述的热管理组件、电池单体、箱体框架和底护板，所述箱体框架和底护板之间围合形成容纳腔，所述电池单体和所述热管理组件容纳于所述容纳腔内；所述底护板上还设置有用于支撑吸能结构的承载部，所述承载部与所述吸能结构相对设置。一方面，承载部对吸能结构进行支撑，在底部受到冲撞时，该承载部因与吸能结构相接触而利于冲击力向上传递；另一方面，该承载部与流体通道间接接触，由此增加散热面积、提高内外界空气热交换，进而提高电池系统的热管理效果，也就是说，在一些实施例中，所述吸能结构沿自所述流体通道至所述吸能结构的方向的投影位于所述承载部的承载表面内。
在一些实施例中，所述吸能结构与所述底护板之间还设置有缓冲件。因为流体通道和底护板都是刚性材料，通过在两者之间增设软性缓冲件，由此降低流体通道与底护板之间因刚性接触而产生的摩擦或者损伤。
在一些实施例中，所述流体通道上靠近所述电池单体一侧的表面还设置有限位槽，所述限位槽内嵌设有用于与所述电池单体热交换的导热件。通过限位槽来预先定位导热件的设置位置，以提高装配效率，由此提高电池生产效率。
第三方面，本申请提供一种用电装置，包括如上述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
上述说明仅是本申请技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本申请的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本申请的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本申请的具体实施方式。
附图说明
通过阅读对下文优选实施方式的详细描述，各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的，而并不认为是对本申请的限制。而且在全部附图中，用相同的附图标号表示相同的部件。在附图中：
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；
图2为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池的立体图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池的立体分解图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的一种热管理组件的结构示意图；
图5为图4的A-A剖视图(局部)；
图6为图5中B处放大示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池的立体分解图；
图8为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池的放大剖视图(仅包含热管理组件和底护板)。
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
10、车辆；
11、电池；12、控制器；13、马达；
100、热管理组件；110、集流管；120、流体通道；121、第二分隔筋；122、通道；123、第二连接壁；130、吸能结构；131、第一分隔筋；131a、第一端；131b、第二端；132、吸能空腔；133、第一连接壁；130、限位槽；140、导热件；
200、箱体框架；
300、底护板；310、承载部；
400、缓冲件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
电池系统的安全性能测试评价包括用电安全、机械安全和环境安全等方面。其中，在机械安全方面的测试中需要考虑托底工况。托底工况指的是汽车底盘在行驶中碰到地面或者地面突出物。汽车过减速带、撞击路沿、上坡顶、走坑洼路以及压过路面上的石头或砖块，都可能发生托底。车轮带起石子击打车底的情况也可归属到托底工况。对于在地板下布置动力电池的新能源汽车，因为动力电池底面不受车身结构的保护，而且面积大，更容易受到剐蹭和撞击。托底工况易造成电池损伤，严重时会起火爆炸。而且托底造成的损伤在电池底部，不易察觉，具有隐蔽性。有些托底事故虽然当时未发生短路起火，车辆还能继续行驶，但是电池包已经严重变形。如果用户未及时发现处理，电池芯体和高压器件持续处于挤压状态，电池包可能在一段时间后发生自燃。
托底工况对动力电池结构的破坏主要有两种模式。一种是刮底模式，即动力电池的前端和底部受到前后方向的剐蹭，载荷以水平方向为主，也有一些垂直载荷以分力形式向上传递。另一种是撞底模式，即动力电池底面受到向上的挤压或者撞击。载荷以垂直方向为主，通常会造成电池底壳垂向变形，严重时会将电池底壳顶穿后刺破内部芯体，这也是本申请实施例主要考虑到的情况。
申请人注意到，现有技术中为了应对行驶途中底部受到冲撞的情况，电池系统的底部结构要非常强，通常只有厚度足够且设计有大量加强筋的铸造壳体才能达标。而目前绝大多数新能源汽车采用的是挤压铝、钢板或者铝板材质的底部结构，在大载荷下容易发生较大变形，要应对行驶途中底部受到冲撞的情况，需要增加防护梁、底护板以及多个加强板等组件，不但大大增加了生产成本，还降低了生产效率。
在考虑到应对行驶途中的底部受到冲撞情况的前提下，为了缓解组件的使用量较多的问题，申请人研究发现，因为热管理组件中的流体通道的一侧面用于与电池单体接触，以实现电池系统的热管理功能，可以在与上述侧面相对的流体通道的另一侧面设置吸能结构，吸能结构的刚度小于流体通道的刚度，由此在发生底部冲撞时优先损失掉吸能结构来保护流体通道，进而保护电池单体，由此则不需要在每个电池包的位置处都设置加强板，最终实现降低电池产品生产成本并提高生产效率的目的。
具有本申请实施例公开的电池可以但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置中。
本申请实施例提供一种使用电池提供电能的用电装置，用电装置可以为但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。以下实施例为了方便说明，以本申请一实施例的一种用电装置为车辆10为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一些实施例提供的车辆的结构示意图；图2为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池的立体图；图3为本申请一些实施例提供的一种电池的立体分解图；图4为本申请一些实施例提供的一种热管理组件的结构示意图；图5为图4的A-A剖视图(局部)；图6为图5中B处放大示意图；图7为本申请一些实施例提供的另一种电池的立体分解图。
参见图1，车辆10可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆10的内部设置有电池11，电池11可以设置在车辆10的底部或头部或尾部。电池11可以用于车辆10的供电，例如，电池11可以作为车辆10的操作电源。车辆10还可以包括控制器12和马达13，控制器12用来控制电池11为马达13供电，马达13用于车辆10的启动，另外电池11还可以用于满足导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在一些实施例中，电池11不仅可以作为车辆10的操作电源，还可以作为车辆10的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气等石化能源，将电力转化为机械动力为车辆10提供驱动动力。
参照图2和图3，根据本申请的一些实施例，电池11包括：热管理组件100、电池单体、箱体框架200和底护板300，箱体框架200和底护板300之间围合形成容纳腔，电池单体和热管理组件100容纳于容纳腔内；底护板300上还设置有用于支撑吸能结构130的承载部310，承载部310与吸能结构130相对设置。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例公开的电池11，不仅可以被应用于水力、火力、风力和太阳能电站等储能电源系统，而且还可以被广泛应用于电动自行车、电动摩托车、电动汽车等电动交通工具，以及军事装备和航空航天等多个领域，在此不做具体的限定。
为解决电池11在温度过高或过低情况下工作而引起热散逸或热失控问题，保证该电池11在适宜温度下工作，该电池11包括与电池单体靠外一侧相抵接的热管理组件100。如图4、图5所示，第一方面，本申请提供一种热管理组件100，该热管理组件100用于对电池单体进行热管理。该热管理组件100包括至少两个集流管110，以及并排设置在集流管110之间的若干个流体通道120，流体通道120的内部用于容纳进行热管理的流体；流体通道120包括相对设置的两侧面，一侧面用于承载电池单体并与电池单体进行热交换，另一侧面设置有吸能结构130，吸能结构130的刚度小于流体通道120的刚度。
可以理解的是，在电池单体的数量较多时，若多个电池单体经排列后在长度方向上的尺寸较大，则对应需要的流体通道120的长度尺寸也会较大。而在流体通道120的尺寸达不到使用需求时，可以通过增加集流管110的数量、以集流管110作为中间衔接来对较小长度尺寸的流体通道120进行拼接，来满足使用要求。在这种情况下，若集流管110的数量超过两个，位于中间位置的集流管110的相对两侧都需要开设有安装孔，以实现中间衔接的功能。
并且，每个集流管110上开设有用于连通流体通道120的安装孔，相邻两个集流管110以安装孔相对的方式设置。其中，每个集流管110上相邻两个安装孔之间的间隔决定了相邻两个流体通道120之间的间隔。每个集流管110上开设的安装孔数量与并排设置流体通道120的数量一致，而并排设置的流体通道120数量又与多个电池单体经排列后在宽度方向上的尺寸成正相关。可以理解的是，在多个电池单体经排列后在宽度方向上的尺寸较大时，也可以采用多个集流管110沿上述宽度方向拼接，来满足使用要求。在这种情况下，在宽度方向上相邻的集流管110之间可以用连接组件来连通，以使整个热管理组件100连为一体，进而实现用于热管理的流体在热管理组件100中的循环流动。可选的，在流体通道120的长度尺寸以及集流管110的长度尺寸均满足电池11中多个电池单体的热管理使用需求时，集流管110数量可为两个。
在本实施例中，以两个集流管110为例进行说明，其中一集流管110设置有进液口，另一集液管设置有出液口。若干个流体通道120并排设置在相邻两个集流管110之间，每个流体通道120的两端各插入相对设置的一组安装孔内，以与使两集液管与各流体通道120连通。用于热管理的流体自进液口进入到一集流管110中、途经流体通道120，再自另一集流管110出去，用于热管理的流体在流体通道120流动的过程中，能够实现对电池11系统的热管理功能。
其中，流体通道120包括相对设置的两侧面，其中一个侧面位于整个电池11结构中靠近电池单体的位置处，此侧面用于与电池单体相接触，以实现热管理功能；而另一个侧面位于整个电池11结构中背离电池单体的位置处，该侧面则设置有吸能结构130，并且吸能结构130的刚度小于流体通道120的刚度，以实现保护功能。可选的，如图5所示，该流体通道120可为口琴管，流体通道120的外形为方形、截面为扁平的口琴形，以提高换热效率。而在一些实施方式中，吸能结构130可以采用与流体通道120相同的材质制成，如铝合金等。在其他的实施方式中，吸能结构130和流体通道120也可以采用不同的材质制成，在此不做具体的限定。
综上所述，本申请实施例提供的热管理组件100包括集流管110和流体通道120，集流管110用于流体进出，流体通道120用于流通进行热管理的流体，以使热管理组件100实现对电池11系统的热管理功能。流体通道120背离吸能结构的一侧设置电池单体，通过在流体通道120背离电池单体的一侧设置吸能结构130，在底部受到冲撞时，因为吸能结构130的刚度小于流体通道120的刚度，所以吸能结构130会先受到破坏而吸收并缓冲因底部受撞击而产生的冲击力，以起到保护流体通道120的作用，由此增强了电池11系统的底部结构强度。在本申请的一些实施例中，参考图5和图6，吸能结构130包括由第一分隔筋131分隔而成的多个吸能空腔132，吸能空腔132沿平行于流体通道120方向依次设置在流体通道120上。吸能结构130的形式可以有多种，如吸能结构130包括由第一分隔筋131分隔而成的多个吸能空腔132，吸能空腔132沿垂直于自流体通道120至吸能结构130的方向依次设置在流体通道120上，只要吸能结构130的刚度小于流体通道120的刚度即可。又例如，吸能结构130包括均匀分布在流体通道120背离电池单体一侧的多个吸能筋，吸能筋的刚度小于流体通道120的刚度，在底部受到冲撞时，吸能筋首先损失掉以对流体通道120进行保护。其中，吸能空腔132的数量与流体通道120的尺寸相关，流体通道120的尺寸越大，为了确保保护效果，则相应的需要的吸能空腔132的数量越多。并且，多个吸能空腔132的尺寸可以相同，以简化制作工艺；多个吸能空腔132的尺寸也可 以不同，以适应流体通道120的具体规格，在此不做具体的限定。因此，由第一分隔筋131分隔而成的多个吸能空腔132形式的吸能结构130一方面，能更多的覆盖到流体通道120所在的区域，以对流体通道120起到较为全面的保护作用；另一方面，多个吸能空腔132可适度增强吸能结构130的刚度，同时能够增加吸收冲击能量的总量。
在本申请的一些实施例中，继续参考图6，流体通道120包括由第二分隔筋121分隔而成的多个通道122。通过利用第二分隔筋121将流体通道120分隔呈若干个细小的支流通道122，进而实现提高热交换效率的目的。并且，在达到相同的热交换效果的前提下，本实施例中的流体通道120的结构会更加简单、易于装配。吸能结构130包括由第一分隔筋131分隔而成的多个吸能空腔132。其中，在垂直于流体通道120的延伸方向以及垂直于集流管110的延伸方向上，第一分隔筋131包括相对设置的两端(包括第一端131a和第二端131b)，且任意一个第一分隔筋131的两端位于一个第二分隔筋121的延长线上。因为在受到底部撞击时，吸能空腔132被压缩后，部分力量会沿着第一分隔筋131继续向上传递至流体通道120处，所以需要将第一分隔筋131设置在流体通道120上刚度较强的位置处，也就是第二分隔筋121所在的位置处，由此进一步避免流体通道120受到破坏。如此一来，即使部分力量沿着第一分隔筋131继续向上传递，又或者第一分隔筋131受到破坏向上挤压，抵达的位置也是第二分隔筋121，而第二分隔筋121在流体通道120中属于刚度较大的部位而不易损坏。
在本申请的一些实施例中，为了进一步缓冲掉因底部受撞击而产生的冲击力，第一分隔筋131的垂直于流体通道120的延伸方向的剖面呈弧形，如图6所示。在其他实施例中，第一分隔筋131的剖面也可以呈类弧形，或者其他任何平滑过渡的曲线形状。如此，吸能结构130包括呈弧形的第一分隔筋131分隔而成的多个吸能空腔132，在底部受到冲撞时，第一分隔筋131溃缩、吸能空腔132被压缩，由此吸收更多的因底部受撞击而产生的冲击力。
在本申请的一些实施例中，吸能空腔132的数量与通道122的数量相同，每个吸能空腔132与通道122一一对应。为了起到保护流体通道120的作用，可选的，吸能结构130在垂直于流体通道120延伸方向上的尺寸大于或者等于流体通道120在此方向上的尺寸。具体的，吸能结构130包括由第一分隔筋131分隔而成的多个吸能空腔132，流体通道120包括由第二分隔筋121分隔而成的多个通道122。其中，吸能空腔132的数量与通道122的数量可以相同，每个吸能空腔132分别保护同一投影位置处的一个通道122。在其他实施例中，吸能空腔132的数量与通道122的数量也可以不同，考虑到力量传递的因素，吸能空腔132的数量小于通道122的数量，如此一来，一个吸能空腔132可以保护一个通道122或者多个通道122。
在本申请的一些实施例中，继续参考图6，吸能空腔132由第一连接壁133和第一分隔筋131围绕而成，通道122由第二连接壁123和第二分隔筋121围绕而成，即在本实施例中，吸能空腔132与通道122均为方形的。为了使吸能空腔132的刚度小于通道122的刚度，将第一连接壁133的厚度设置为小于第二连接壁123的厚度。其中，吸能空腔132的材质与通道122的材质可以为相同的，也可以为不同的。在吸能空腔132的材质与通道122的材质为相同的情况下，不限制两者采用到的材质。而在吸能空腔132的材质与通道122的材质为不同的情况下，可选的，吸能空腔132的材质的刚度小于通道122的材质的刚度。需要说明的是，在流体通道120与吸能空腔132之间共用一个连接壁时，该连接壁 的厚度应当采用第一连接壁133的设定厚度。通过壁厚的设置以使吸能空腔132的刚度小于通道122，以在底部受到冲撞时，优先损失掉刚度较小的吸能空腔132来保护刚度较大的通道122，由此避免流体通道120受损。
在本申请的一些实施例中，为了更进一步地削弱吸能空腔132的刚度，第一分隔筋131的厚度小于第二分隔筋121的厚度，以进一步地使吸能空腔132的刚度小于通道122的刚度。在一些实施方式中，由于吸能空腔132的材质与通道122的材质可以为不同种材质制备成型，并且，吸能空腔132的材质的刚度小于通道122的材质的刚度，因而，此时第一分隔筋131的厚度也可以是等于第二分隔筋121的厚度，也可以满足吸能空腔132的刚度小于通道122的刚度，使得在底部受到碰撞/撞击的时候，吸能结构会先受到破坏而吸收并缓冲因底部受撞击而产生的冲击力，以起到保护流体通道的作用。
在本申请的一些实施例中，吸能空腔132与流体通道120一体成型，一体成型的流体通道120和吸能空腔132可以简化热管理组件100的制作工艺。在其他实施例中，吸能空腔132与通道122也可以采用单独制作、再拼接在一起的方式制成，在此不作具体的限定。
第二方面，如图2、图3和图8所示，本申请提供一种电池11，该电池11包括如上述的热管理组件100、电池单体(图中未示出)、箱体框架200和底护板300，箱体框架200和底护板300之间围合形成容纳腔，电池单体和热管理组件100容纳于容纳腔内；底护板300上还设置有用于支撑吸能结构130的承载部310，承载部310与吸能结构130相对设置。
其中，电池单体是具体实现电能和化学能转换的最小单元。电池单体可以为二次电池11或一次电池11；还可以是锂硫电池11、钠离子电池11或镁离子电池11，但不局限于此。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等。
当电池单体的数量较多时，可以以电池11模组的形式对多个电池单体进行打包，以提高电池11系统的整体性。每一电池11模组包括多个电池单体，多个电池单体之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体中既有串联又有并联。电池11模组可以为多个，多个电池11模组之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池11模组中既有串联又有并联。而根据电池11模组的数量以及尺寸来适配对应数量和尺寸的流体通道120。
在一些实施例中，电池11还包括电池箱，电池箱用于为电池单体和热管理组件100提供容纳空间，电池箱可以采用多种结构。参考图7，该电池箱具体包括箱体框架200和底护板300，箱体框架200和底护板300之间围合形成容纳腔，该容纳腔用于容纳热管理组件100和电池单体。在一种实施方式中，箱体框架200包括上盖板，底护板300作为下盖板，箱体框架200与底护板300以相互盖合组装，箱体框架200和底护板300共同限定出容纳空间。当然，箱体框架200和底护板300形成的电池箱可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。可选的，底护板300的刚度大于箱体框架200的刚度。另外，底护板300承载整个电池11产品的重量，可以采用钣金件折弯焊接，或者钣金件冲压焊接，或者铝合金铸造，或者铝合金压铸等方式制造而成。
另外，如图8所示，底护板300上与吸能结构130相对的位置处设置有一一对应的承载部310，即一个吸能结构130与一个承载部310相对应设置。一方面，承载部310对吸能结构130进行支撑，在底部受到冲撞时该承载部因与吸能结构相接触而利于冲击力向上传递；另一方面，该承载部310与流体通道120为间接接触，由此增加散热面积、提高内外界空气热交换，进而提高电池11系统的热管理效果。需要理解的是，一个承载部310可以设置为覆盖到一个吸能结构130所在的整个区域，即承载部310与吸能结构130在底护 板300上的投影完全重合，进一步提高力量传递效果和散热效果。当然，承载部310也可以为一个，并同时对所有的吸能结构130进行支撑。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图7所示，吸能结构130与底护板300之间还设置有缓冲件400，该缓冲件400可由软性材料制成，可以具有弹性，也可以不具有弹性，在此不做具体的限定。因为流体通道120和底护板300都是刚性材料，通过在两者之间增设缓冲件400，由此降低流体通道120与底护板300之间因刚性接触而产生的摩擦或者损伤。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图6所示，流体通道120上靠近电池单体一侧的表面还设置有限位槽140，限位槽140内嵌设有用于与电池单体热交换的导热件150，导热件150用于将电池单体的热量导至流体通道120。其中，限位槽140的数量可以为一个，可以为多个，视流体通道120的尺寸而定。限位槽140也可以与流体通道120、吸能结构130一体成型，以简化生产工艺。通过限位槽140来预先定位导热件150的设置位置，以提高装配效率以提高装配效率，由此提高电池11生产效率。
第三方面，本申请提供一种用电装置，包括如上述的电池11，电池11用于提供电能。
可以理解的是，用电装置包括但不限于手机、平板、笔记本电脑、电动玩具、电动工具、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器等等。其中，电动玩具可以包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，航天器可以包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围，其均应涵盖在本申请的权利要求和说明书的范围当中。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种热管理组件，用于对电池单体进行热管理，包括：
    至少两个集流管，以及并排设置在所述集流管之间的若干个流体通道，所述流体通道的内部用于容纳进行热管理的流体；
    所述流体通道包括相对设置的两侧面，一所述侧面用于与所述电池单体进行热交换，另一所述侧面设置有吸能结构，所述吸能结构的刚度小于所述流体通道的刚度。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理组件，其中，所述吸能结构包括由第一分隔筋分隔而成的多个吸能空腔，所述吸能空腔沿平行于所述流体通道方向依次设置在所述流体通道上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理组件，其中，所述吸能结构包括由第一分隔筋分隔而成的多个吸能空腔，所述吸能空腔沿垂直于自所述流体通道至所述吸能结构的方向依次设置在所述流体通道上。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的热管理组件，其中，所述流体通道包括由第二分隔筋分隔而成的多个通道；
    在垂直于所述流体通道的延伸方向上，所述第一分隔筋包括相对设置的两端，且任意一个所述第一分隔筋的所述两端位于一个所述第二分隔筋的延长线上。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的热管理组件，其中，所述第一分隔筋的垂直于所述流体通道的延伸方向的剖面呈弧形。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的热管理组件，其中，所述吸能空腔的数量少于所述通道的数量，所述第一分隔筋对应于相应的一所述第二分隔筋。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的热管理组件，其中，所述吸能空腔的数量与所述通道的数量相同，每个所述吸能空腔与所述通道一一对应。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的热管理组件，其中，所述吸能空腔由第一连接壁和所述第一分隔筋围绕而成，所述通道由第二连接壁和所述第二分隔筋围绕而成；
    所述第一连接壁的厚度小于所述第二连接壁的厚度。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的热管理组件，其中，所述第一分隔筋的厚度小于所述第二分隔筋的厚度。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的热管理组件，其中，所述第一分隔筋的厚度等于所述第二分隔筋的厚度。
  11. 根据权利要求2-10任一项所述的热管理组件，其中，所述吸能空腔与所述流体通道一体成型。
  12. 一种电池，包括如1至11中任一项所述的热管理组件、电池单体、箱体框架和底护板，所述箱体框架和底护板之间围合形成容纳腔，所述电池单体和所述热管理组件容纳于所述容纳腔内；
    所述底护板上还设置有用于支撑所述吸能结构的承载部，所述承载部与所述吸能结构相对设置。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池，其中，所述吸能结构沿自所述流体通道至所述吸能结构的方向的投影位于所述承载部的承载表面内。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池，其中，所述吸能结构与所述底护板之间还设置有缓冲件。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的电池，其中，所述流体通道上靠近所述电池单体一侧的表面还设置有限位槽，所述限位槽内嵌设有用于与所述电池单体热交换的导热件。
  16. 一种用电装置，包括如权利要求12-15任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/077438 2022-03-28 2023-02-21 一种热管理组件、电池及用电装置 Ceased WO2023185325A1 (zh)

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