WO2023185380A1 - 电池模块、电池、用电设备 - Google Patents

电池模块、电池、用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023185380A1
WO2023185380A1 PCT/CN2023/079727 CN2023079727W WO2023185380A1 WO 2023185380 A1 WO2023185380 A1 WO 2023185380A1 CN 2023079727 W CN2023079727 W CN 2023079727W WO 2023185380 A1 WO2023185380 A1 WO 2023185380A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
protective film
heating
heating film
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/079727
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何甫
肖丽丽
刘孟冬
黄宇华
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP23777758.6A priority Critical patent/EP4395008A4/en
Publication of WO2023185380A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185380A1/zh
Priority to US18/672,019 priority patent/US20240313299A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
    • H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery module, a battery, and an electrical device.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery module, battery and electrical equipment, which can provide physical protection for the heating film inside the battery, avoid damage or breakage of the metal wires in the heating film, and improve the overall heating film. safety and reliability, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • a battery module including: a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of The battery cells are arranged along a first direction; a heating film extends along the first direction and is attached to a first wall of each of the plurality of battery cells, the first wall being parallel In the first direction, the heating film is used to heat the plurality of battery cells; a protective film extends along the first direction and is connected to a portion of the heating film away from the battery cells. The first surface is attached, and the protective film is used to protect the heating film.
  • the battery module includes a plurality of battery cells arranged along a first direction and a heating film for heating the battery cells.
  • the heating film is attached to the first walls of the plurality of battery cells, that is, the heating film also extends along the first direction.
  • the battery module also includes a protective film that protects the heating film.
  • the protective film covers the first surface of the heating film.
  • the protective film is attached to the side of the heating film away from the battery cell, that is, the protective film should provide physical protection to the heating film without affecting the normal heating function of the heating film on the battery cell.
  • the protective film extends along the extending direction of the heating film, that is, along the first direction, so that the protective film covers the first surface of the heating film, which can provide comprehensive protection for the heating film and further improve the protective effect of the protective film on the heating film.
  • the whole-piece protective film is also helpful to increase the strength of the protective film itself.
  • the battery cell includes two first walls separated along the second direction and arranged oppositely, and the battery module includes two first walls respectively attached to the two first walls.
  • heating films are provided on both sides of the battery cell, which can improve the The heating effect of the pool unit.
  • Setting protective films on both sides can provide physical protection for the heating films on both sides, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery as a whole.
  • the battery module further includes end plates disposed at both ends of the plurality of battery cells in the first direction, and the heating film and the protective film are located on the The end in the first direction is fixedly connected to the end plate.
  • a heating film is provided on the first wall of the battery cell, and a protective film is provided on the first surface of the heating film.
  • the heating film and protective film should be fixedly connected to the end plate of the battery module to prevent the heating film and protective film from sliding from their original positions during transportation or other circumstances, resulting in failure.
  • the heating film and protective film are fixedly connected to the end plate of the battery module to ensure their normal operation.
  • an opening is provided at an end of the protective film in the first direction, and the protective film is fixedly connected to the end plate through the opening.
  • the protective film protects the heating film through a fixed connection with the end plate.
  • An opening is provided at an end of the protective film in the first direction, and the protective film is fixedly connected to the end plate through the opening.
  • the heating film is bonded to the first surface of the protective film.
  • the heating film and the protective film are fixedly connected to the end plate, thereby maintaining their functions in the battery module. Bonding the first surface of the protective film to the heating film can further improve the fixing effect between the protective film and the heating film, and prevent the fixed connection between the protective film and the end plate from failing and causing the protective film to no longer protect the heating film.
  • the thickness of the protective film is 100um to 200um.
  • the thickness of the protective film is too thin, the protective film will not be able to perform its due function. Protective effect, too thick protective film will lead to increased production costs. Maintaining the thickness of the protective film between 100um and 200um can not only ensure the protective effect of the protective film itself, but also reduce costs, which is conducive to mass production.
  • the material of the protective film is a non-metallic material.
  • the protective film is used to provide physical protection for the metal wires in the heating film, so insulating non-metallic materials are the first choice for the protective film.
  • Using a protective film made of non-metallic materials can provide better protection for the heating film than using other materials.
  • the material of the protective film is a polymer material.
  • the cost of polymer materials is low.
  • the protective film using polymer materials can not only have a better protective effect, but also have a lower cost than other non-metallic materials, which is beneficial to widespread use in actual production. application.
  • the protective film is made of polyethylene terephthalate or polymer polypropylene.
  • the protective film of polyethylene terephthalate or high-polymer polypropylene can be used to reduce costs to the greatest extent.
  • the protective film is made of transparent material.
  • the heating film is attached to the first walls of the plurality of battery cells to provide heating to the plurality of battery cells; the protective film is attached to the first surface of the heating film to provide heating for the cells in the heating film.
  • the wire provides physical protection in case the wire breaks. Set the protective film to a transparent material so that the operator can observe through the protective film whether there are wrinkles or other abnormalities in the heating film during operation.
  • a battery including: a box; and the battery module in the above embodiment, the battery module being accommodated in the box.
  • an electrical device including the battery in the above embodiment, where the battery is used to provide electrical energy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective film according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Vehicle 1 battery 2, battery module 3, battery cell 6;
  • Controller 11 motor 12, box 20, electrode assembly 61, housing 62, electrode terminal 63, connecting member 64, pressure relief mechanism 65, heating film 66, end plate 67, protective film 68;
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • multiple refers to more than two (including two).
  • multiple groups refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and “multiple pieces” refers to It is more than two pieces (including two pieces).
  • the battery cells may include lithium metal secondary batteries, sodium metal batteries, magnesium metal batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. For convenience of explanation, the following embodiments take a lithium metal battery as an example.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • a battery box as an energy source is installed inside the vehicle.
  • the discharge of the battery in the battery box drives the electric motor of the new energy vehicle.
  • the existing battery box will be affected by the ambient temperature when used. Taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, the battery discharge capacity is extremely poor at low temperatures. Even when fully charged, the vehicle's driving ability will be greatly reduced.
  • low-temperature charging greatly affects the service life of power batteries, because at low temperatures, the conductivity of charged ions inside the battery is poor, and the transfer and embedding of charges within the negative electrode material structure are also poor.
  • Lithium metal is very prone to uneven crystal growth. When dendrites grow to a sufficient scale, they may pierce the separator, causing direct connection between the positive and negative electrodes and forming an internal short circuit in the battery.
  • the heating film that can provide heat to the battery cells in the battery module in the battery box.
  • the heating film is fixed on the side of the battery cell through adhesive. When the battery is powered on, it generates heat and can transfer heat to the battery cell to increase the operating temperature of the battery cell.
  • the heating layer of the current heating film is generally made of copper wire. During the assembly process of the battery, the heating layer in the heating film is easily bruised or even broken.
  • the energized circuit in the heating film is a high-voltage circuit. When the copper wire breaks, the broken ends will be attached. The high voltage will cause the copper wire or electrode to ignite and fail, eventually causing the heating film or even the entire battery to catch fire and fail, causing serious safety accidents.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a technical solution that uses a protective film to provide physical protection for the heating film inside the battery, avoid damage or breakage of the metal wires in the heating film, and improve the overall safety and reliability of the heating film. , thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • the protective film described in the embodiments of this application is suitable for battery modules, batteries, and electrical equipment using batteries.
  • Power-consuming devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical device as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • a battery 2 is provided inside the vehicle 1 , and the battery 2 can be provided at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 2 may be used to power the vehicle 1 , for example, the battery 2 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 .
  • the vehicle 1 may also include a controller 11 and a motor 12.
  • the controller 11 is used to control the battery 2 to provide power to the motor 12, for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1 to meet its power requirements.
  • the battery 2 can not only be used as the operating power source of the vehicle 1, but also can be used as the driving power source of the vehicle 1, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1.
  • FIG 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of the battery 2 provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 2 includes a box 20, a battery module 3, a heating film 66 and a protective film 68 (the protective film 68 covers Heating film 66).
  • the battery module 3 includes a plurality of battery cells 6 .
  • the battery module 3 , the heating film 66 and the protective film 68 are accommodated in the box 20 .
  • the box 20 is used to accommodate the battery cells 6 .
  • the box 20 can be of various structures.
  • the box body 20 may include a first box body part 201 and a second box body part 202.
  • the first box body part 201 and the second box body part 202 cover each other.
  • the first box body part 201 and the second box body part 202 cover each other.
  • the two box parts 202 jointly define an accommodation space 203 for accommodating the battery cells 6 .
  • the second box part 202 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first box part 201 is a plate-like structure.
  • the first box part 201 covers the open side of the second box part 202 to form a receiving space 203
  • the box 20; the first box part 201 and the second box part 202 can also be a hollow structure with one side open, and the open side of the first box part 201 is covered with the open side of the second box part 202 , to form the box 20 with the accommodation space 203 .
  • the first box part 201 and the second box part 202 can be in various shapes, such as cylinder, rectangular parallelepiped, etc.
  • a sealing member may also be provided between the first box part 201 and the second box part 202, such as sealant, sealing ring, etc. .
  • the first box part 201 can also be called an upper box cover, and the second box part 202 can also be called a lower box.
  • the battery 2 has a plurality of battery cells 6 .
  • Multiple battery cells 6 can be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Mixed connection means that multiple battery cells 6 are connected in series and in parallel.
  • the plurality of battery cells 6 can be directly connected in series or in parallel or mixed together, and then the whole composed of the plurality of battery cells 6 can be accommodated in the box 20 ; of course, the plurality of battery cells 6 can also be connected in series first. They may be connected in parallel or mixed to form a battery module (not shown in the figure), and multiple battery modules may be connected in series, parallel or mixed to form a whole, and be accommodated in the box 20 .
  • the plurality of battery cells 6 in the battery module can be electrically connected through bus components to achieve parallel, series or mixed connection of the plurality of battery cells 6 in the battery module.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell 6 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 6 includes one or more electrode assemblies 61 , a casing 621 and an end cap 622 .
  • Housing 621 and end cap 622 form housing or battery case 62.
  • the wall of the casing 621 and the end cover 622 are both called the wall of the battery cell 6.
  • the wall of the casing 621 includes the bottom wall. and four side walls.
  • the housing 621 is determined according to the combined shape of one or more electrode assemblies 61.
  • the housing 621 can be a hollow rectangular parallelepiped, a cube, or a cylinder, and one surface of the housing 621 has an opening to accommodate one or more electrodes.
  • Component 61 may be placed within housing 621.
  • one of the planes of the housing 621 is an opening surface, that is, the plane does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 621 are connected.
  • the housing 621 can be a hollow cylinder
  • the end surface of the housing 621 is an open surface, that is, the end surface does not have a wall so that the inside and outside of the housing 621 are connected.
  • the end cap 622 covers the opening and is connected with the housing 621 to form a closed cavity in which the electrode assembly 61 is placed.
  • the housing 621 is filled with electrolyte, such as electrolytic solution.
  • the battery cell 6 may further include two electrode terminals 63 , and the two electrode terminals 63 may be provided on the end cap 622 .
  • the end cap 622 is usually in the shape of a flat plate, and two electrode terminals 63 are fixed on the flat surface of the end cap 622.
  • the two electrode terminals 63 are respectively the positive electrode terminal 631 and the negative electrode terminal 632.
  • Each electrode terminal 63 is provided with a corresponding connecting member 64 , which may also be called a current collecting member 64 . It is located between the end cover 622 and the electrode assembly 61 and is used to electrically connect the electrode assembly 61 and the electrode terminal 63 .
  • the battery assembly 61 can be provided as a single or multiple ones according to actual usage requirements. As shown in FIG. 6 , the battery cell 6 is provided with four independent battery assemblies 61 .
  • the battery cell 6 may also be provided with a pressure relief mechanism 65 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 is used to be activated when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 6 reaches a threshold value to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 can be any possible pressure relief structure, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 65 may be a temperature-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to melt when the internal temperature of the battery cell 6 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 65 reaches a threshold; and/or the pressure relief mechanism 65 may be a pressure-sensitive pressure relief mechanism configured to rupture when the internal air pressure of the battery cell 6 provided with the pressure relief mechanism 65 reaches a threshold value.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery module 3 includes a plurality of battery cells 6 arranged along a first direction; a heating film 66 extends along the first direction and is connected with the plurality of battery cells 6 .
  • the first wall of each battery cell 6 is attached, the first wall is parallel to the first direction, and the heating film 66 is used to heat the plurality of battery cells 6;
  • the protective film 68 extends along the first direction and is in contact with the heating film.
  • a first surface of the membrane 66 remote from the battery cells 6 is attached, a protective film 68 serving to protect the heating membrane 66 .
  • a heating film 66 is attached to the first wall of the battery cell 6 in the battery module 3 .
  • a protective film 68 is attached on the first surface of the heating film 66 away from the battery cells 6 along the first direction.
  • the battery module 3 includes a plurality of battery cells 6 arranged along a first direction and a heating film 66 for heating the battery cells 6 .
  • the heating film 66 is attached to the first walls of the plurality of battery cells 6 , that is, the heating film 66 also extends in the first direction.
  • the battery module 3 also includes a protective film 68 for protecting the heating film 66 .
  • the heating function of the heating film 66 for the battery cell 6 can be ensured and the heating film 66 can be provided with Physical protection prevents the metal wires in the heating film 66 from being damaged or broken due to external collisions, thereby improving the overall safety and reliability of the heating film 66 and thereby improving the safety performance of the battery 2 .
  • the protective film 68 covers the first surface of the heating film 66 .
  • the protective film 68 covers the heating film 66, and the protective film 68 can only protect the area where it covers the heating film 66. For the area on the heating film 66 that is not covered by the protective film 68, the protective film 68 cannot protect this area.
  • the protective film 68 is attached to the side of the heating film 66 away from the battery cell 6 , that is, the protective film 68 should provide physical protection to the heating film 66 without affecting the normal heating function of the heating film 66 on the battery cell 6 .
  • the protective film 68 extends along the extension direction of the heating film 66 , that is, extends along the first direction, so that the protective film 68 completely covers the first surface of the heating film 66 , which can provide more comprehensive protection for the heating film 66 and further improve the protection effect of the protective film 68 on the first surface of the heating film 66 .
  • the integral protective film 68 is also beneficial to increasing the strength of the protective film 68 itself.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cell 6 includes two first walls separated and oppositely arranged along the second direction
  • the battery module 3 includes two heating films 66 respectively attached to the two first walls and two heating films 66 .
  • the two protective films 68 are respectively attached to the film 66, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular.
  • the heating film 66 may be provided on one side or both sides of the battery cell 6 . If heating films 66 are provided on both sides of the battery cell 6, the heating effect of the heating film 66 on the battery cell 6 will be better.
  • heating films 66 are provided on both sides of the battery cell 6, which can improve the heating effect of the battery cell 6; accordingly, protective films 68 are provided on both sides to provide physical protection to the heating films 66 on both sides. protection, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery as a whole.
  • the battery module 3 further includes end plates 67 disposed at both ends of the plurality of battery cells 6 in the first direction, and the ends of the heating film 66 and the protective film 68 in the first direction. Plate 67 is fixedly connected.
  • a connection harness 661 is provided on the heating film 66 .
  • the two heating films 66 of the battery cell 6 in the second direction are connected in series through the connecting wire harness 661 to heat the battery cell 6 together.
  • their positions in the battery cell 6 must not move.
  • the heating film 66 is provided on the first wall of the battery cell 6
  • the protective film 68 is provided on the first surface of the heating film 66 .
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective film according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 6 , the end of the protective film 68 in the first direction is provided with an opening 681 , and the protective film 68 is fixedly connected to the end plate 67 through the opening 681 .
  • the protective film 68 is fixedly connected to the end plate 67 to achieve continuous protection of the heating film 66 by the protective film 68 .
  • An opening 681 is provided at the end of the protective film 68 in the first direction, and the protective film 681 is fixedly connected to the end plate 67 through the opening 681.
  • the heating film 66 is bonded to the first surface of the protective film 68 .
  • the heating film 66 and the protective film 68 are fixedly connected to the end plate 67 to maintain their functions in the battery module 3 . If the fixing method between the heating film 66 and the protective film 68 and the end plate 67 is damaged, they will not be able to act on the battery cells 6 in the battery module 3 .
  • the heating film 66 is bonded to the battery cell 6 , and the heating film 66 is bonded to the first surface of the protective film 68 , which can further improve the fixing effect of the heating film 66 and the protective film 68 in the battery module 3 and prevent the protective film 68 from interfacing with the battery module 3 .
  • the fixed connection between the end plates 67 fails and the protective film 68 cannot continue to protect the heating film 66 .
  • the protective film 68 and the heating film 66 are bonded before the protective film 68 is fixedly connected to the end plate 67 to prevent the protective film 68 from being separated from the heating film 66 during transportation.
  • the thickness of the protective film 68 is 100um to 200um.
  • the thickness of the protective film 68 has a certain impact on its performance. If the thickness of the protective film 68 is too thin, the protective film 68 will not be able to play its due protective role; if the protective film 68 is too thick, the production cost will increase.
  • the thickness of the protective film 68 is maintained between 100um and 200um, which can not only ensure the protective effect of the protective film 68 itself, but also reduce costs, which is conducive to mass production.
  • the material of the protective film 68 is a non-metallic material.
  • Non-metallic materials usually refer to materials such as glass, ceramics, graphite, rocks, etc., which are mainly inorganic substances, and wood, plastic, rubber, etc., which are mainly composed of organic substances. They are composed of crystals or amorphous materials.
  • the metal wires in the heating film 66 are made of metal material. Therefore, the protective film 68 in the present application can be made of materials such as glass, wood, plastic, rubber, etc., that is, insulating materials.
  • the protective film 68 is used to provide physical protection for the metal wires in the heating film 66, so insulating non-metallic materials are the first choice for the protective film 68.
  • Using the protective film 68 of non-metallic material can provide better protection for the heating film 66 than using other materials.
  • the material of the protective film 68 is a polymer material.
  • a reserved gap 662 is provided in the heating film 66 .
  • the heating film 66 heats the battery cells 6, the battery cells 6 expand after being heated.
  • a reserved gap 662 is provided in the heating film 66 to improve the deformation ability of the heating film 66 .
  • the protective film 68 can be a polymer material with good deformation ability, such as rubber, fiber, plastic, etc., to prevent the protective film 68 from being damaged due to the deformation of the heating film 66 .
  • the protective film 68 made of polymer material can not only have better deformation and protection capabilities, but also have a lower cost than other non-metallic materials, which is conducive to wide application in actual production.
  • the material of the protective film 68 is polyethylene terephthalate or high polymer polypropylene.
  • the cost can be reduced to the greatest extent by using the protective film 68 made of polyethylene terephthalate or polymer polypropylene.
  • the protective film 68 is made of transparent material.
  • the heating film 66 heats the battery cells 6, if the surface of the heating film 66 is wrinkled or otherwise, the heating effect on the battery cells 6 will be reduced.
  • the heating film 66 is attached to the first walls of the plurality of battery cells 6 to provide heating to the plurality of battery cells 6; the protective film 68 is attached to the first surface of the heating film 66 to provide heating.
  • the wires in the membrane 66 provide physical protection against breakage of the wires.
  • the protective film 68 is made of a transparent material, so that the operator can observe through the protective film 68 whether there are wrinkles or other abnormal conditions on the heating film 66 during operation.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery 2, which includes a box 20; and the battery module 3 in the previous embodiment, where the battery module 3 is accommodated in the box 20.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an electrical device, including the battery 2 in the previous embodiment, and the battery 2 is used to provide electric energy.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种电池模块、电池和用电设备。该电池模块包括多个电池单体，多个电池单体沿第一方向排列；加热膜，沿第一方向延伸，且与多个电池单体中的每个电池单体的第一壁附接，第一壁平行于第一方向，加热膜用于加热多个电池单体；防护膜，防护膜沿第一方向延伸且与加热膜的远离电池单体的第一表面附接，防护膜用于保护加热膜。本申请实施例的技术方案能够给电池内部的加热膜提供物理防护，避免加热膜内的金属丝出现损伤或断裂等情况，提升加热膜整体的安全可靠性，进而提高电池的安全性能。

Description

电池模块、电池、用电设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2022年4月1日提交的名称为“电池模块、电池、用电设备”的中国专利申请202220746628.6的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引入并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，更为具体地，涉及一种电池模块、电池、用电设备。
背景技术
随着环境污染的日益加剧，新能源产业越来越受到人们的关注。在新能源产业中，电池技术是关乎发展的一项重要因素。
在电池技术的发展中，电池的安全性能也是一个不可忽视的问题。如何提升电池的安全性能，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
鉴于上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池模块、电池和用电设备，能够给电池内部的加热膜提供物理防护，避免加热膜内的金属丝出现损伤或断裂等情况，提升加热膜整体的安全可靠性，进而提高电池的安全性能。
第一方面，提供了一种电池模块，包括：多个电池单体，所述多 个电池单体沿第一方向排列；加热膜，沿所述第一方向延伸，且与所述多个电池单体中的每个电池单体的第一壁附接，所述第一壁平行于所述第一方向，所述加热膜用于加热所述多个电池单体；防护膜，所述防护膜沿所述第一方向延伸且与所述加热膜的远离所述电池单体的第一表面附接，所述防护膜用于保护所述加热膜。
在本申请实施例中，电池模块包括沿多个沿第一方向排列的电池单体和用于加热电池单体的加热膜。加热膜附接在多个电池单体的第一壁，即加热膜也沿第一方向延伸。电池模块还包括防护膜，防护膜用于保护加热膜。通过设置防护膜，并使防护膜附接在加热膜远离电池单体的第一表面上，可以既保证加热膜对电池单体的加热功能，又可以给加热膜提供物理防护，避免加热膜内的金属丝因受到外界的碰撞而导致的损伤或断裂等情况，提升加热膜整体的安全可靠性，进而提高电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述防护膜覆盖所述加热膜的所述第一表面。
本申请实施例中，防护膜附接在加热膜远离电池单体的一面，即防护膜要在不影响加热膜对电池单体正常加热功能的前提下给加热膜提供物理防护。防护膜沿加热膜的延伸方向，也就是沿第一方向延伸，使防护膜覆盖加热膜的第一表面，可以给加热膜提供全面的防护，进一步提高防护膜对加热膜的防护作用。另外，整片式的防护膜也有利于增加防护膜本身的强度。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电池单体包括沿第二方向分隔且相对设置的两个所述第一壁，所述电池模块包括与两个所述第一壁分别附接的两个所述加热膜以及与两个加热膜分别附接的两个所述防护膜，所述第一方向和所述第二方向垂直。
本申请实施例中，在电池单体两侧均设置加热膜，可以提高对电 池单体的加热效果。两侧均设置防护膜可以对两侧的加热膜都提供物理防护，从而从整体上提高电池的安全性能。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述电池模块还包括端板，设置于所述多个电池单体在所述第一方向上的两端，所述加热膜和所述防护膜在所述第一方向上的端部与所述端板固定连接。
本申请实施例中，电池单体的第一壁上设置加热膜，加热膜的第一表面上设置防护膜。使加热膜和防护膜与电池模块的端板固定连接，避免加热膜和防护膜在运输或其他情况下，从原本的位置滑动而导致的作用失效。加热膜和防护膜通过与电池模块的端板固定连接，可以保证其自身的正常工作。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述防护膜在所述第一方向上的端部设置有开孔，所述防护膜通过所述开孔与所述端板固定连接。
本申请实施例中，防护膜通过与端板的固定连接实现防护膜对加热膜的保护作用。在防护膜的第一方向上的端部设置开孔，并通过此开孔使防护膜与端板固定连接。该固定方式实现方式简单，可操作性强，有利于在生产中广泛运用。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述加热膜与所述防护膜的第一表面粘接。
本申请实施例中，加热膜和防护膜与端板固定连接，从而维持两者在电池模块中的作用。使防护膜的第一表面与加热膜粘接，可以进一步提高防护膜与加热膜之间的固定作用，避免防护膜与端板之间的固定连接发生失效而导致防护膜不能继续保护加热膜。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述防护膜的厚度为100um至200um。
本申请实施例中，防护膜厚度过薄会导致防护膜无法起到应有的 防护作用，防护膜过厚会导致生产成本增加。将防护膜的厚度维持在100um至200um之间，既可以保证防护膜本身的防护作用，又可以降低成本，有利于大规模生产。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述防护膜的材料为非金属材料。
本申请实施例中，防护膜用于给加热膜里的金属丝提供物理防护，因此绝缘的非金属材料是防护膜的首要选择。使用非金属材料的防护膜，较使用其他的材料，可以给加热膜提供更好的防护作用。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述防护膜的材料为高分子材料。
本申请实施例中，高分子材料成本较低，采用高分子材料的防护膜，既可以有较好的防护作用，也可以较其它非金属材料有较低的成本，有利于在实际生产中广泛应用。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述防护膜的材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或高聚物聚丙烯。
本申请实施例中，采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或高聚物聚丙烯的防护膜，可以最大程度上降低成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，所述防护膜为透明材质。
本申请实施例中，加热膜附接在多个电池单体的第一壁上以给多个电池单体提供加热作用；防护膜附接在加热膜的第一表面上以给加热膜中的金属丝提供物理防护，以防金属丝出现断裂等情况。将防护膜设置成透明材质，这样操作人员在操作过程中可以透过防护膜观察加热膜是否会出现褶皱等异常情况。
第二方面，提供了一种电池，包括：箱体；上述实施例中的电池模块，所述电池模块容纳于所述箱体内。
第三方面，提供了一种用电设备，包括上述实施例中的电池，所述电池用于提供电能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一实施例的车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例的电池的分解结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例的电池单体的分解结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例的电池模块的结构示意图；
图5是本申请另一实施例的电池模块的结构示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例的防护膜的结构示意图；
具体实施方式中的附图标号如下：
车辆1，电池2，电池模块3，电池单体6；
控制器11，马达12，箱体20，电极组件61，外壳62，电极端子63，连接构件64，泄压机构65，加热膜66，端板67，防护膜68；
第一箱体部201，第二箱体部202，容纳空间203，壳体621，端盖622，正电极端子631，负电极端子632，连接线束661，预留缝隙662，开孔681。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是 为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)，同理，“多组”指的是两组以上(包括两组)，“多片”指的是两片以上(包括两片)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；也可以是机械连接，也可 以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂金属二次电池、钠金属电池或镁金属电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。以下实施例为了方便说明，以锂金属电池为例进行说明。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
随着新能源技术的逐渐成熟，其被应用在越来越多的行业中。在新能源汽车中，作为能源的电池箱被安装在汽车内。电池箱中的电池放电驱动新能源汽车的电动机运转。而现有的电池箱在使用时会受到环境温度的影响，以锂离子电池为例，低温下，电池放电能力极差，即使满电情况，车辆的驱动能力也会大打折扣。另外，低温充电十分影响动力电池的使用寿命，因为在低温下，电池内部带电离子的传导能力差，电荷在负极材料结构内部的转移和嵌入能力也差。如果低温正常电流充电，大量锂离子堆积到负极表面无法嵌入，电子沉积在电极表面会形成锂单质堆积。而锂金属又非常容易发生晶体不均匀生长的现象，枝晶生长到足够规模，就可能刺穿隔膜，造成正负极之间直接连通而在电池中形成内短路。
为了应对电池箱受外界温度干扰而影响运行，人们提出在电池箱内的电池模组中增加能够向电池单体提供热量的加热膜。加热膜通过胶粘的方式固定在电池单体的侧面上，通电时自身发热能够将热量传递给电池单体，以提高电池单体的工作温度。但是目前加热膜的发热层材质一般为铜金属丝，在电池的装配过程中，加热膜中的发热层容易被碰伤，甚至断裂。加热膜内的通电回路为高压回路，当铜丝出现断裂时，断裂两端会附 载高压，高压导致铜丝或电极打火失效，最终导致加热膜甚至整个电池起火失效，造成严重的安全事故。
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供一种技术方案，利用防护膜给电池内部的加热膜提供物理防护，避免加热膜内的金属丝出现损伤或断裂等情况，提升加热膜整体的安全可靠性，进而提高电池的安全性能。
本申请实施例描述的防护膜适用于电池模组、电池以及使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电装置不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电装置为车辆为例进行说明。
图1为本申请一实施例提供的车辆1的结构示意图。如图1所示，车辆1的内部设置有电池2，电池2可以设置在车辆1的底部或头部或尾部。电池2可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池2可以作为车辆1的操作电源。
车辆1还可以包括控制器11和马达12，控制器11用来控制电池2为马达12供电，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，电池2不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，代替或部分地代替燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
图2为本申请一实施例提供的电池2的爆炸示意图。如图2所示，电池2包括箱体20、电池模块3、加热膜66和防护膜68(防护膜68覆盖 加热膜66)。电池模块3包括多个电池单体6，电池模块3、加热膜66和防护膜68容纳于箱体20内。
箱体20用于容纳电池单体6。箱体20可以是多种结构。在一些实施例中，箱体20可以包括第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202，第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202相互盖合，第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202共同限定出用于容纳电池单体6的容纳空间203。第二箱体部202可以是一端开口的空心结构，第一箱体部201为板状结构，第一箱体部201盖合于第二箱体部202的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间203的箱体20；第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202也均可以是一侧开口的空心结构，第一箱体部201的开口侧盖合于第二箱体部202的开口侧，以形成具有容纳空间203的箱体20。当然，第一箱体部201和第二箱体部202可以是多种形状，比如，圆柱体、长方体等。
为提高第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202连接后的密封性，第一箱体部201与第二箱体部202之间也可以设置密封件，比如，密封胶、密封圈等。
假设第一箱体部201盖合于第二箱体部202的顶部，第一箱体部201亦可称之为上箱盖，第二箱体部202亦可称之为下箱体。
在电池2中，电池单体6为多个。多个电池单体6之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体6中既有串联又有并联。多个电池单体6之间可直接串联或并联或混联在一起，再将多个电池单体6构成的整体容纳于箱体20内；当然，也可以是多个电池单体6先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块(图中未示出)，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联形成一个整体，并容纳于箱体20内。电池模块中的多个电池单体6之间可通过汇流部件实现电连接，以实现电池模块中的多个电池单体6的并联或串联或混联。
如图3所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种电池单体6的结构示意图，电池单体6包括一个或多个电极组件61、壳体621和端盖622。壳体621和端盖622形成外壳或电池盒62。壳体621的壁以及端盖622均称为电池单体6的壁，其中对于长方体型电池单体6，壳体621的壁包括底壁 和四个侧壁。壳体621根据一个或多个电极组件61组合后的形状而定，例如，壳体621可以为中空的长方体或正方体或圆柱体，且壳体621的其中一个面具有开口以便一个或多个电极组件61可以放置于壳体621内。例如，当壳体621为中空的长方体或正方体时，壳体621的其中一个平面为开口面，即该平面不具有壁体而使得壳体621内外相通。当壳体621可以为中空的圆柱体时，壳体621的端面为开口面，即该端面不具有壁体而使得壳体621内外相通。端盖622覆盖开口并且与壳体621连接，以形成放置电极组件61的封闭的腔体。壳体621内填充有电解质，例如电解液。
该电池单体6还可以包括两个电极端子63，两个电极端子63可以设置在端盖622上。端盖622通常是平板形状，两个电极端子63固定在端盖622的平板面上，两个电极端子63分别为正电极端子631和负电极端子632。每个电极端子63各对应设置一个连接构件64，或者也可以称为集流构件64，其位于端盖622与电极组件61之间，用于将电极组件61和电极端子63实现电连接。
在该电池单体6中，根据实际使用需求，电池组件61可设置为单个，或多个，如图6所示，电池单体6内设置有4个独立的电池组件61。
电池单体6上还可设置泄压机构65。泄压机构65用于电池单体6的内部压力或温度达到阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度。
泄压机构65可以为各种可能的泄压结构，本申请实施例对此并不限定。例如，泄压机构65可以为温敏泄压机构，温敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构65的电池单体6的内部温度达到阈值时能够熔化；和/或，泄压机构65可以为压敏泄压机构，压敏泄压机构被配置为在设有泄压机构65的电池单体6的内部气压达到阈值时能够破裂。
图4是本申请一实施例的电池模块的结构示意图。如图4所示，该电池模块3包括多个电池单体6，多个电池单体6沿第一方向排列；加热膜66，沿第一方向延伸，且与多个电池单体6中的每个电池单体6的第一壁附接，第一壁平行于第一方向，加热膜66用于加热多个电池单体6；防护膜68，防护膜68沿第一方向延伸且与加热膜66的远离电池单体6的第一表面附接，防护膜68用于保护加热膜66。
如前文所述，为了防止电池受到低温等外界环境的影响，电池模块3中的电池单体6的第一壁上都附接有加热膜66。为了保护加热膜66，沿第一方向在加热膜66远离电池单体6的第一表面上附接有防护膜68。
上述方案中，电池模块3包括多个沿第一方向排列的电池单体6和用于加热电池单体6的加热膜66。加热膜66附接在多个电池单体6的第一壁上，即加热膜66也沿第一方向延伸。电池模块3还包括防护膜68，防护膜68用于保护加热膜66。通过设置防护膜68，并使防护膜68附接在加热膜66远离电池单体6的第一表面上，可以既保证加热膜66对电池单体6的加热功能，又可以给加热膜66提供物理防护，避免加热膜66内的金属丝因受到外界的碰撞而导致的损伤或断裂等情况，提升了加热膜66整体的安全可靠性，进而提高电池2的安全性能。
可选地，防护膜68覆盖加热膜66的第一表面。
防护膜68覆盖在加热膜66上，防护膜68只能保护其覆盖加热膜66的区域。对于加热膜66上防护膜68未覆盖的区域，防护膜68不能保护该区域。
上述方案中，防护膜68附接在加热膜66远离电池单体6的一面，即防护膜68要在不影响加热膜66对电池单体6正常加热功能的前提下给加热膜66提供物理防护。防护膜68沿加热膜66的延伸方向，也就是沿第一方向延伸，使防护膜68全部覆盖加热膜66的第一表面，可以给加热膜66提供更全面的防护，进一步提高防护膜68对加热膜66的防护作用。另外，整片式的防护膜68也有利于增加防护膜68本身的强度。
图5是本申请另一实施例的电池模块的结构示意图。如图5所示，电池单体6包括沿第二方向分隔且相对设置的两个第一壁，电池模块3包括与两个第一壁分别附接的两个加热膜66以及与两个加热膜66分别附接的两个防护膜68，第一方向和第二方向垂直。
加热膜66可设置在电池单体6的一侧或两侧。若电池单体6的两侧均设置加热膜66，加热膜66对电池单体6的加热效果就会更好。
上述方案中，在电池单体6的两侧均设置加热膜66，可以提高对电池单体6的加热效果；相应的，两侧均设置防护膜68可以对两侧的加热膜66都提供物理防护，从而从整体上提高电池的安全性能。
可选地，电池模块3还包括端板67，端板67设置于多个电池单体6在第一方向上的两端，加热膜66和防护膜68在第一方向上的端部与端板67固定连接。
如图5所示，加热膜66上设置有连接线束661。电池单体6在第二方向上的两个加热膜66通过连接线束661串联以一起对电池单体6加热。加热膜66和防护膜68要保持对电池单体6的作用，就要使两者在电池单体6中的位置不能发生移动。
上述方案中，电池单体6的第一壁上设置有加热膜66，加热膜66的第一表面上设置有防护膜68。将加热膜66和防护膜68与电池模块3的端板67固定连接，可以固定加热膜66和防护膜68的位置，避免加热膜66和防护膜68在运输或其他情况下，从原来的位置滑动，从而导致加热膜66对防护膜68两者的作用失效。加热膜66和防护膜68通过与电池模块3中的端板67固定连接，可以保证两者的正常工作。
图6是本申请一实施例的防护膜的结构示意图。如图6所示，防护膜68在第一方向上的端部设置有开孔681，防护膜68通过开孔681与端板67固定连接。
防护膜68与端板67的连接方式有很多种，只要达到两者的固定连接即可，本申请对此不做任何限定。但在实际生产过程中，选择一种便捷、可操作性强的连接方式，有利于在实际运用中广泛推广。
上述方案中，防护膜68通过与端板67的固定连接实现防护膜68对加热膜66的持续保护作用。在防护膜68的第一方向上的端部设置开孔681，并通过此开孔681使防护膜681与端板67固定连接，该固定方式实现方式简单，可操作性强，有利于在生产中广泛运用。
可选地，加热膜66与防护膜68的第一表面粘接。
加热膜66和防护膜68与端板67固定连接，从而维持两者在电池模块3中的作用。若加热膜66和防护膜68与端板67之间的固定方式损坏，则两者就不能作用于电池模块3中的电池单体6。
使加热膜66粘接于电池单体6，加热膜66与防护膜68的第一表面粘接，可以进一步提高加热膜66和防护膜68在电池模块3中的固定作用，避免防护膜68与端板67之间的固定连接发生失效而导致防护膜68不能继续保护加热膜66。另外，在将防护膜68与端板67固定连接前先使防护膜68与加热膜66粘接，可以防止运输过程中防护膜68与加热膜66分离。
可选地，防护膜68的厚度为100um至200um。
防护膜68的厚度对其的性能有一定的影响。防护膜68厚度过薄会导致防护膜68无法起到应有的防护作用；防护膜68过厚会导致生产成本的增加。
上述方案中，将防护膜68的厚度维持在100um至200um之间，既可以保证防护膜68本身的防护作用，又可以降低成本，有利于大规模生产。
可选地，防护膜68的材料为非金属材料。
非金属材料通常是指以无机物为主体的玻璃、陶瓷、石墨、岩石以及以有机物为主体的木材、塑料、橡胶等一类材料，由晶体或非晶体所组成。在本申请实施例中，加热膜66中的金属丝为金属材料，因此，本申请中的防护膜68可以为玻璃、木材、塑料、橡胶等一类材料，即为绝缘材料。
上述方案中，防护膜68用于给加热膜66里的金属丝提供物理防护，因此绝缘的非金属材料是防护膜68的首要选择。使用非金属材料的防护膜68，较使用其他材料，可以给加热膜66提供更好的防护作用。
可选地，防护膜68的材料为高分子材料。
如图5所示，加热膜66中设置有预留缝隙662。当加热膜66对电池单体6进行加热时，电池单体6受热后膨胀。为了防止电池单体6的 膨胀对加热膜66造成不可逆的形变，加热膜66中设置预留缝隙662以提高加热膜66的形变能力。
本申请实施例中，防护膜68可以为橡胶、纤维、塑料等一类具有较好形变能力的高分子材料，以防止加热膜66发生形变时，防护膜68适应不了该形变而发生破损。
上述方案中，采用高分子材料的防护膜68既可以有较好的性变能力和防护能力，也可以较其他非金属材料有较低的成本，有利于在实际生产中广泛应用。
可选地，防护膜68的材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或高聚物聚丙烯。
上述方案中，采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或高聚物聚丙烯制造的防护膜68，可以在最大程度上降低成本。
可选地，防护膜68为透明材质。
加热膜66对电池单体6进行加热时，若加热膜66的表面发生褶皱或其他一样情况时，对电池单体6的加热效果会有所降低。
上述方案中，加热膜66附接在多个电池单体6的第一壁上以给多个电池单体6提供加热作用；防护膜68附接在加热膜66的第一表面上以给加热膜66中的金属丝提供物理防护，以防金属丝出现断裂等情况。将防护膜68设置成透明材料，这样操作人员在操作过程中可以透过防护膜68观察加热膜66是否会出现皱褶等异常情况。
本申请实施例还提供了一种电池2，包括箱体20；以及前述实施例中的电池模块3，电池模块3容纳于箱体20内。
本申请实施例还提供了一种用电设备，包括前述实施例中的电池2，电池2用于提供电能。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池模块(3)，其特征在于，包括：
    多个电池单体(6)，所述多个电池单体(6)沿第一方向排列；
    加热膜(66)，沿所述第一方向延伸，且与所述多个电池单体(6)中的每个电池单体(6)的第一壁附接，所述第一壁平行于所述第一方向，所述加热膜(66)用于加热所述多个电池单体(6)；
    防护膜(68)，所述防护膜(68)沿所述第一方向延伸且与所述加热膜(66)的远离所述电池单体(6)的第一表面附接，所述防护膜(68)用于保护所述加热膜(66)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块(3)，其特征在于，所述防护膜(68)覆盖所述加热膜(66)的所述第一表面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块(3)，其特征在于，所述电池单体(6)包括沿第二方向分隔且相对设置的两个所述第一壁，所述电池模块(3)包括与两个所述第一壁分别附接的两个所述加热膜(66)以及与两个所述加热膜(66)分别附接的两个所述防护膜(68)，所述第一方向和所述第二方向垂直。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模块(3)，其特征在于，所述电池模块(3)还包括：
    端板(67)，设置于所述多个电池单体(6)在所述第一方向上的两端，所述加热膜(66)和所述防护膜(68)在所述第一方向上的端部与所述端板(67)固定连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池模块(3)，其特征在于，所述防护膜(68)在所述第一方向上的端部设置有开孔(681)，所述防护膜(68)通过所述开孔(681)与所述端板(67)固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电池模块(3)，其特征在于，所述防护膜(68)与所述加热膜(66)的所述第一表面粘接。
  7. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电池模块(3)，其特征在于，所述防护膜(68)的厚度为100um至200um。
  8. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电池模块(3)，其特征在于，所述防护膜(68)的材料为非金属材料。
  9. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电池模块(3)，其特征在于，所述防护膜(68)的材料为高分子材料。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池模块(3)，其特征在于，所述防护膜(68)的材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或高聚物聚丙烯。
  11. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电池模块(3)，其特征在于，所述防护膜(68)为透明材质。
  12. 一种电池(2)，其特征在于，包括：
    箱体(20)；
    如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电池模块(3)，所述电池模块(3)容纳于所述箱体(20)内。
  13. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括：权利要求12所述的电池(2)，所述电池(2)用于提供电能。
PCT/CN2023/079727 2022-04-01 2023-03-06 电池模块、电池、用电设备 Ceased WO2023185380A1 (zh)

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CN115189074B (zh) * 2022-09-09 2022-12-09 深圳海润新能源科技有限公司 电池模组和电池包
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