WO2023185996A1 - 天线结构和电子设备 - Google Patents

天线结构和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023185996A1
WO2023185996A1 PCT/CN2023/085014 CN2023085014W WO2023185996A1 WO 2023185996 A1 WO2023185996 A1 WO 2023185996A1 CN 2023085014 W CN2023085014 W CN 2023085014W WO 2023185996 A1 WO2023185996 A1 WO 2023185996A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiator
antenna structure
antenna
branches
current distribution
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/085014
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦越
王义金
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd filed Critical Vivo Mobile Communication Co Ltd
Priority to EP23778361.8A priority Critical patent/EP4507122A4/en
Publication of WO2023185996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185996A1/zh
Priority to US18/900,790 priority patent/US20250023253A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0478—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with means for suppressing spurious modes, e.g. cross polarisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/242—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use
    • H01Q1/243—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for hand-held use with built-in antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array

Definitions

  • This application belongs to the field of terminal technology, and specifically relates to an antenna structure and electronic equipment.
  • Ultra Wide Band (UWB) positioning technology has attracted attention among many positioning technologies due to its high positioning accuracy and positioning accuracy.
  • UWB technology based on laser-direct-structuring (LDS) technology has entered the industry's field of vision due to its low-cost advantage.
  • LDS laser-direct-structuring
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide an antenna structure and electronic equipment to solve the problem of low polarization purity of existing positioning antennas, which affects the performance of the antenna.
  • an antenna structure including:
  • a radiator which is stacked and spaced apart from the reference floor.
  • the radiator includes a feed point, a first current distribution part and a second current distribution part respectively located at both ends of the radiator;
  • the radiator is trapezoidal, and the first current distribution part includes a hypotenuse edge area of the radiator.
  • the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of the radiator is provided with slots.
  • the radiator includes a radiation body and branches
  • the radiation body is polygonal
  • the first current distribution part includes the branches
  • the branches are coupled with the radiation body
  • the branches are arranged on the radiation body. corner area.
  • the radiation body is rectangular, the feed point of the radiation body is located in a corner area of the radiation body, and the branches are arranged around the periphery of the corner area where the feed point is located;
  • the branches are arranged around the outer periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feed point is located.
  • the radiating body is a right-angled trapezoid, and the feed point is located at a right-angled corner area close to the upper bottom of the radiating body or an acute-angled corner area close to the lower bottom of the radiating body;
  • the branches are provided on the outer periphery of at least one of the right-angled corner region and the acute-angled corner region.
  • the upper bottom edge or the lower bottom edge of the radiation body is provided with slots.
  • radiators There are at least three radiators, and at least one of the radiators is provided with the first current distribution part and the second current distribution part correspondingly.
  • At least two of the radiators are spaced apart in the first region along the length direction of the first region, and at least two of the radiators are spaced apart in the second region along the length direction of the second region, and the The first region and the second region vertically overlap, and the radiators of the first region and the second region are the same radiator.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, including the antenna structure described in the above embodiments.
  • electronic equipment also includes:
  • a bracket the bracket is arranged on the frame, the reference floor is arranged on one side of the bracket, and the radiator is arranged on the other side of the bracket;
  • a main board is provided on a side of the reference floor away from the main board.
  • electronic equipment also includes:
  • a shielding cover is provided on a side of the main board close to the reference floor.
  • electronic equipment also includes:
  • a display screen and a cover body are provided on the frame body, and the bracket and the main board are located between the display screen and the cover body.
  • the radiator can be fed through the feed point, the second current distribution part on the radiator can generate cross-polarization current, and the first current distribution part can distribute anti-cross-polarization Current, the current direction of the anti-cross-polarized current distributed by the first current distribution part is opposite to the current direction of the cross-polarized current generated on the second current distribution part on the radiator, so that the first current distribution part
  • the distributed anti-cross-polarization current can cancel each other out with the cross-polarization current generated by the second current distribution part on the radiator, eliminate the cross-polarization current generated on the radiator, improve the polarization purity of the antenna structure, and be used in positioning In the antenna, the positioning accuracy can be improved and the antenna performance can be improved.
  • Figure 1 is an exploded schematic diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the distribution of radiators in electronic equipment
  • Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of the distribution of reference floors in electronic equipment
  • Figure 2c is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electronic device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2d is a structural schematic diagram of the through hole on the reference floor
  • Figure 2e is a schematic diagram of the distribution of through holes on the reference floor
  • Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there is no slot on the radiator
  • Figure 3b is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 3a;
  • Figure 3c is a schematic diagram of the pattern performance of the antenna in Figure 3a;
  • Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there are slots on the radiator
  • Figure 4b is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 4a;
  • Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of the pattern performance of the antenna in Figure 4a;
  • Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there are no slots on the radiator
  • Figure 5b is a directional pattern performance diagram of the antenna in Figure 5a;
  • Figure 5c is a schematic diagram of an antenna when there are slots on the radiator
  • Figure 5d is a schematic diagram of the pattern performance of the antenna in Figure 5c;
  • Figure 6a is a schematic diagram of an antenna when the feed point is at a symmetrical position of the radiator
  • Figure 6b is a schematic distribution diagram of the current on the radiator in Figure 6a;
  • Figure 6c is a schematic diagram of an antenna when the feed point is at the corner of the radiator
  • Figure 6d is a schematic diagram of the distribution of current on the radiator in Figure 6c;
  • Figure 6e is a schematic diagram of an antenna when the feed point is at the corner of the radiator
  • Figure 6f is a schematic diagram of the distribution of current on the radiator in Figure 6e;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the antenna pattern performance comparison
  • Figure 8a is a schematic diagram of setting branches at the corners of the radiation body
  • Figure 8b is a schematic distribution diagram of the current on the radiator in Figure 8a;
  • Figure 9a is a schematic diagram in which no branches are provided on the periphery of the corner area of the radiating body
  • Figure 9b is a schematic diagram of arranging branches on the periphery of the corner area of the radiation body
  • Figure 9c is a schematic diagram showing the antenna pattern performance comparison
  • Figure 10a is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure in an electronic device
  • Figure 10b is a top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 10c is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 10b;
  • Figure 10d is another side view of the antenna structure in Figure 10b;
  • Figure 10e is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 10f is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 11a is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 11b is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 11c is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 11d is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 12a is a schematic diagram of a radiator in the antenna structure being arranged in a trapezoidal shape
  • Figure 12b is a schematic diagram in which the radiator in the antenna structure is not set as a trapezoid
  • Figure 12c is a schematic diagram of the polarization situation of the antenna
  • Figure 13a is a top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 13b is a side view of the antenna structure in Figure 13a;
  • Figure 13c is another side view of the antenna structure in Figure 13a;
  • Figure 13d is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 13e is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 14a is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 14b is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 14c is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 14d is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 15a is a schematic diagram of a radiator in the antenna structure being arranged as a trapezoid with slots;
  • Figure 15b is a schematic diagram in which the radiator in the antenna structure is not set as a trapezoid
  • Figure 15c is a schematic diagram of the polarization purity comparison of the antenna
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the antenna pattern comparison
  • Figure 17a is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 17b is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 17c is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 17d is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 18a is a schematic diagram of arranging branches on the periphery of the corner area of the radiation body
  • Figure 18b is a schematic diagram in which no branches are provided on the periphery of the corner area of the radiating body
  • Figure 18c is a schematic diagram of the polarization purity comparison of the antenna
  • Figure 19a is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 19b is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 19c is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 20a is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 20b is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 20c is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 20d is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 20e is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 20f is another top view of the antenna structure
  • Figure 21a is a schematic diagram of arranging branches on the periphery of the corner area of the radiating body
  • Figure 21b is a schematic diagram in which no branches are provided on the periphery of the corner area of the radiating body
  • Figure 21c is a schematic diagram of the polarization purity comparison of the antenna.
  • radiator 10 Reference signs radiator 10; slot 11; feed point 12; Feed structure 13; conductive spring piece 14; radiation main body 15; Reference floor 20; through hole 21; first current distribution part 30; branch 31; Frame 40; Bracket 41; Mainboard 42; Shielding cover 43; display screen 44; cover 45.
  • the antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application includes: a radiator 10 and a reference floor 20, and the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20.
  • the floors 20 are stacked and spaced.
  • the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 can be stacked and spaced in the thickness direction of the reference floor 20 .
  • the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 can be parallel to each other.
  • the number of radiators 10 may be one or more.
  • the number of radiators 10 may be three.
  • An insulating medium may be provided between the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 to support the radiator 10 through the insulating medium.
  • the radiator 10 may be in the shape of a plate.
  • the plurality of radiators 10 may be on the same plane, and the plurality of radiators 10 may be distributed at intervals.
  • the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 may be made of conductive materials.
  • the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 may be made of metal materials.
  • the radiator 10 may include a feed point 12, a first current distribution part 30 and a second current distribution part 32 respectively located at two ends of the radiator 10. Among them, under the action of the feed signal input from the feed point 12, the cross-polarized current directions on the first current distribution part 30 and the second current distribution part 32 are opposite.
  • the feed structure 13 may be electrically connected to the feed point 12 , and the radiator 10 may be fed through the feed structure 13 .
  • a through hole 21 can be provided on the reference floor 20 , and part of the feed structure 13 can be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21 , so that the radiator 10 can be fed through the feed structure 13 .
  • the feed structure 13 may include a conductive elastic piece 14 , and the conductive elastic piece 14 may pass through the through hole 21 to be electrically connected to the radiator 10 .
  • the radiator 10 can be fed through the feed point 12, the second current distribution part 32 on the radiator 10 will generate cross-polarized current, and the first current distribution part 30 can distribute The reverse cross-polarized current, the current direction of the reverse cross-polarized current distributed by the first current distribution part 30 is opposite to the current direction of the cross-polarized current generated on the second current distribution part 32 on the radiator 10, so that the first current distribution
  • the reverse cross-polarized current distributed in the second current distribution part 30 can cancel each other out with the cross-polarized current generated in the second current distribution part on the radiator 10, eliminating the cross-polarized current generated on the radiator 10, improving the polarization purity of the antenna structure, and applying
  • the positioning accuracy can be improved and the antenna performance can be improved.
  • the antenna structure has low requirements on the external environment of the antenna. By adjusting the structure of the antenna itself, the impact of the external environment on the performance of the antenna can be improved. It has a wide range of applications, strong applicability, and low dependence on the environment.
  • the radiator 10 may be trapezoidal, and the first current distribution part 30 may include a hypotenuse edge region of the radiator 10 .
  • the hypotenuse edge of the trapezoidal radiator 10 changes the direction of the current and introduces a reverse cross-polarization current distribution. This current is consistent with the cross-polarization generated on the radiator 10 .
  • the polarization current produces a cancellation effect, thereby reducing the cross-polarization of the antenna and improving the polarization purity.
  • FIG 10a shows the position of the positioning antenna in the mobile phone.
  • the bracket and other structures are hidden here. Since the effects of equipment environment, antenna mutual coupling and other factors on the three antenna units of the positioning antenna may be similar or different, one or several radiators 10 in the antenna structure can be designed as a trapezoid, as shown in Figure 10b, Figure 10e and Figure 10b. As shown in 10f.
  • One or several radiators 10 in the antenna structure may not be limited to a right-angled ladder structure, but may also be a general ladder structure, as shown in Figure 11a; or a right-angled ladder structure or a general ladder structure may be used on different antennas, as shown in Figure 11b. Show.
  • the orientation of the right-angled trapezoidal structure in the antenna structure can be changed according to the actual equipment environment, as shown in Figure 11c and Figure 11d.
  • one radiator 10 in the antenna structure is trapezoidal.
  • the three radiators 10 in the antenna structure are rectangular.
  • One radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 form an antenna unit, as shown in Figure 12c.
  • m1 represents the polarization of the antenna unit in the antenna structure shown in Figure 12b
  • m2 represents the polarization of the antenna unit with the trapezoidal radiator 10 in the antenna structure shown in Figure 12a.
  • the trapezoidal radiator 10 can achieve high polarization purity of the antenna unit.
  • the polarization purity within ⁇ 60° is significantly improved for the antenna unit with a trapezoidal radiator 10.
  • the upper or lower bottom edge of the radiator 10 may be provided with slots 11. Slots 11 can be provided on the upper or lower edges of one or more radiators 10.
  • the number of radiators 10 is three, and the upper or lower edges of the three radiators 10 can all be provided with slots 11. Slot 11. Through the slot 11, the phases of the currents distributed on the opposite sides of the radiator 10 can be different, with a certain phase difference, which can deflect the antenna pattern, so that the antenna has highly directional pattern performance. The setting facilitates the miniaturization of the antenna.
  • one or more radiators 10 in the antenna structure are designed as a trapezoidal structure with slots 11 provided on one edge, as shown in Figures 13a, 13d and 13e.
  • a radiator 10 and a reference floor 20 constitute an antenna unit.
  • the combination of antenna units is not limited to the structures shown in Figure 13a, Figure 13d and Figure 13e. Different combinations can be realized according to different equipment environments.
  • Figures 14a to 14e can be used
  • the multiple radiators 10 in the antenna structure are designed as a trapezoidal structure with slots 11 set on one edge. The position and shape of the slots 11 can be selected according to actual conditions, and the relative positional relationship between different radiators 10 can be Choose according to actual situation.
  • one radiator 10 in the antenna structure is trapezoidal, and a slot 11 is provided on one side of the trapezoidal radiator 10.
  • the three radiators 10 in the antenna structure are rectangular, and one radiator The body 10 and the reference floor 20 form an antenna unit, as shown in Figure 15c, n1 represents the polarization of the antenna unit in the antenna structure shown in Figure 15b, n2 represents the trapezoidal radiator 10 in the antenna structure shown in Figure 15a Regarding the polarization of the antenna unit, the trapezoidal radiator 10 can achieve high polarization purity of the antenna unit. As shown in Figure 15c, the polarization purity within ⁇ 60° of the antenna unit with the trapezoidal radiator 10 is significantly improved compared to the antenna unit with the rectangular radiator 10.
  • h2 represents the pattern of the antenna unit in the antenna structure shown in Figure 15b
  • h1 represents the pattern of the antenna unit with the trapezoidal radiator 10 in the antenna structure shown in Figure 15a, and has the trapezoidal radiator 10.
  • the pattern deflection is significantly improved.
  • the radiator 10 may include a radiation body 15 and branches 31.
  • the radiation body 15 may be a polygon, and the radiation body 15 may be a trapezoid or a parallelogram.
  • the first current distribution part 30 may include branches 31 , the branches 31 and the radiation body 15 may be coupled, the branches 31 and the radiation body 15 may be coupled at intervals, and the branches 31 are disposed in the corner areas of the radiation body 15 .
  • the branch 31 may be a conductive material piece, for example, the branch 31 may be a metal piece.
  • the branches 31 may be spacedly coupled to at least one radiation body 15 , and the branches 31 may be provided on the outer periphery of the corner region of the radiation body 15 in the at least one radiator 10 .
  • the branches 31 can be arranged around the periphery of the corresponding corner area of the radiation body 15 , and the branches 31 can be L-shaped or U-shaped, and the specific shape can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • the radiating body 15 in at least one radiating body 10 can be connected with the branch 31 is coupled at intervals. Each radiating body 15 can be coupled with a corresponding branch 31 at intervals. Through the coupling between the branch 31 and the radiating body 15, the current can be distributed on the branch 31.
  • the current distributed on the branch 31 can offset the current generated on the radiating body 15.
  • the cross-polarization current can achieve high polarization purity of the antenna.
  • the radiation body 15 is rectangular, the feed point 12 of the radiation body 15 can be located in a corner area of the radiation body 15 , the feed structure 13 is electrically connected to the feed point 12 , and the branches 31 can surround the feed point 12 The peripheral setting of the corner area where it is located.
  • the branches 31 may be arranged around the outer periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feed point 12 is located.
  • the number of radiators 10 may be one or more, the radiation body 15 in at least one radiator 10 may be rectangular, and the feed point 12 of the radiation body 15 in at least one radiator 10 is located in the corner area of the radiation body 15,
  • the feed point 12 of the rectangular radiating body 15 can be located in the corner area of the rectangular radiating body 15
  • the branches 31 can be arranged around the periphery of the corner area where the feed point 12 is located, or the branches 31 can surround the feeding point.
  • 12 is located on the outer periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area.
  • the radiation main body 15 in a radiator 10 can be provided with two branches 31 correspondingly. One branch 31 can be arranged around the periphery of the corner area of the rectangular radiation body 15 where the feed point 12 is located.
  • the other branch 31 can be arranged around The outer periphery of the corner area opposite to the corner area where the feed point 12 is located is provided.
  • the cross-polarized current generated on the radiation main body 15 can be offset by the current distributed on the branches 31, and high polarization purity of the antenna can be achieved.
  • the radiation body 15 may be rectangular or trapezoidal, the positional relationship between different radiation bodies 15 may be selected based on actual conditions, and the combination relationship between radiation bodies 15 of different shapes may be selected based on actual conditions.
  • the number of radiators 10 may be multiple, such as three.
  • at least one radiator 10 is provided with branches 31 on the periphery of the corner area of the radiation main body 15 .
  • Figure 17a shows that an L-shaped branch 31 is provided in the corner area of the radiation main body 15 in a radiator 10.
  • the introduced branches 31 can improve the polarization purity of the antenna unit.
  • the branches 31 may also be provided on the periphery of the corner area of the radiation main body 15 in the plurality of radiators 10, as shown in FIG. 17b and FIG. 17c.
  • branches 31 may also be provided on the periphery of the corner area of the radiation main body 15 in one radiator 10, for example, the radiation main body 15 in one radiator 10
  • a branch 31 is respectively provided on the outer periphery of the two opposite corner areas, as shown in Figure 17d.
  • branches 31 are provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of the radiation main body 15 in the radiator 10.
  • branches 31 are provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of the radiating body 15 in one radiator 10.
  • the outer periphery of the corner area of the radiating body 15 in the antenna structure is not Branches 31 are provided, and a radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 form an antenna unit.
  • k1 represents the polarization situation of the antenna unit with branch 31 in the antenna structure shown in Figure 18a
  • k2 represents the polarization situation of the antenna unit without branch 31 in the antenna structure shown in Figure 18b
  • the branch 31 is provided
  • the antenna unit can achieve high polarization purity, and the polarization purity within ⁇ 60° is significantly improved.
  • the radiation body 15 may be a right-angled trapezoid, and the feed structure 13 is electrically connected to the feed point 12 of the radiation body 15 .
  • the feed point 12 is located at a right-angled corner area close to the upper and bottom of the radiation body 15 or close to the radiation.
  • Branches 31 are provided on the outer periphery of at least one of the acute-angled corner area of the lower bottom of the main body 15 , the right-angled corner area and the acute-angled corner area.
  • the hypotenuse of the right-angled trapezoidal radiating body 15 changes the direction of the current and introduces a reverse cross-polarized current distribution. This current offsets the cross-polarized current, thereby reducing the cross-polarization of the antenna and improving the polarization purity.
  • the cross-polarization current generated on the radiation main body 15 can be offset by the current distributed on the branches 31, and high polarization purity of the antenna can be achieved.
  • the number of radiators 10 may be one or more.
  • the radiation body 15 in at least one radiator 10 may be a right-angled trapezoid.
  • the feed structure 13 and the feed point 12 of the radiation body 15 may be electrically connected.
  • the radiation body 15 in at least one radiator 10 may be electrically connected.
  • the feed point 12 of the radiation main body 15 is located at a right-angled corner area close to the upper bottom of the radiation main body 15 or an acute-angled corner area close to the lower bottom of the radiation main body 15 .
  • Branches 31 may be provided on the outer periphery of at least one of the right-angled corner region and the acute-angled corner region.
  • the radiating body 15 in at least one radiator 10 is a right-angled trapezoid
  • the feed point 12 of at least one right-angled trapezoidal radiating body 15 is located at a right-angled corner area close to the upper bottom of the radiating body 15 or at an acute angle close to the lower bottom of the radiating body 15 .
  • branches 31 may be provided on the outer periphery of at least one of the right-angled corner region and the acute-angled corner region.
  • the cross-polarization current generated on the radiation main body 15 can be offset by the current distributed on the branches 31, and high polarization purity of the antenna can be achieved.
  • Right-angled trapezoidal The hypotenuse of the radiation main body 15 changes the direction of the current and introduces a reverse cross-polarization current distribution, which offsets the cross-polarization current and improves the polarization purity.
  • a combination of a ladder structure and L-shaped branches is used in one or more antenna units in the antenna structure, as shown in Figures 19a to 19c.
  • multiple L-shaped branches 31 can also be introduced around each antenna unit.
  • Two branches 31 can be provided around the corner area of the radiating body 15 in one antenna unit.
  • One branch 31 is provided on the outer periphery, as shown in Figure 20a; two branches 31 can also be applied to multiple antenna units, as shown in Figures 20b and 20c, to obtain better effects.
  • the L-shaped branches 31 can be arranged at the protruding position of the acute angle of the trapezoid, or at the diagonal position of the acute angle, or at the position of the acute angle of the trapezoid at the same time. and the diagonal position of acute angles.
  • the outline of the radiating body 15 of the antenna structure is not limited to a right-angled trapezoid, and can also be a general trapezoid, as shown in Figure 20d; the trapezoidal radiating body 15 in the three antenna units can also have different orientations, as shown in Figure 20e and As shown in Figure 20f, the specific setting method can be selected according to actual conditions.
  • branches 31 are provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of the radiating main body 15 in one radiator 10.
  • the outer periphery of the corner area of the radiating main body 15 in the antenna structure is not Branches 31 are provided, and a radiator 10 and the reference floor 20 form an antenna unit.
  • p1 represents the polarization situation of the antenna unit with branch 31 in the antenna structure shown in Figure 21a
  • p2 represents the polarization situation of the antenna unit without branch 31 in the antenna structure shown in Figure 21b
  • the branch 31 is provided
  • the antenna unit can achieve high polarization purity, and the polarization purity within ⁇ 60° is significantly improved.
  • the upper or lower bottom edge of the radiation body 15 is provided with slots 11 .
  • the number of radiators 10 is three, and the upper or lower bottom edge of the radiating body 15 in at least one radiating body 10 can be provided with a slot 11.
  • the upper or lower bottom edge of the radiating body 15 in the three radiating bodies 10 The bottom edge or the lower bottom edge can be provided with slots 11.
  • the phases of the currents distributed on the opposite sides of the radiation body 15 can be different, with a certain phase difference, which can deflect the antenna pattern, so that The antenna has highly directional pattern performance.
  • radiators 10 there are at least three radiators 10 , and at least one radiator 10 is provided with a first current distribution part 30 and a second current distribution part 32 correspondingly. There may be three radiators 10 , and each radiator 10 may be provided with a first current distribution part 30 and a second current distribution part 32 . By arranging multiple radiators 10, they can be used as positioning antennas to perform accurate positioning and improve positioning accuracy.
  • At least two radiators 10 are arranged in the first area at intervals along the length direction of the first area, and at least two radiators 10 are arranged in the second area at intervals along the length direction of the second area.
  • the first area and the second area are spaced apart.
  • the areas overlap vertically, and the radiator 10 in the first area and the second area is the same radiator 10. That is, the first area and the second area have only one radiator 10 in the overlapping area, and the first area and the second area have only one radiator 10.
  • the radiator 10 in the overlapping area of the two areas is the same radiator 10, so that the radiator 10 can be distributed in an L shape.
  • radiators 10 there may be three radiators 10 , two radiators 10 are spaced apart along the length direction of the first region in the first region, two radiators 10 are spaced apart along the length direction of the second region in the second region, the first The radiator 10 in the overlapping area of the area and the second area is the same radiator 10.
  • the antenna structure can be used as a UWB antenna, and the three radiators 10 can accurately perform positioning to improve positioning accuracy.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 3a there are no slots on the radiator.
  • the radiation of the antenna mainly relies on the radiation from the gap between a pair of edges of the radiator 10 and the reference floor 20.
  • the two gaps radiated by the antenna are respectively become Gap A and Gap B.
  • the antenna structure is a symmetrical structure, the current distribution on both edges of the radiator is of equal amplitude and phase, so the maximum radiation direction of its pattern is the normal direction, as shown in Figure 3c.
  • b1 and b2 are represented in different directions. Deflection at angle.
  • the current distribution phases on both edges of the radiator 10 are different and have a certain phase difference, which can deflect the pattern and change the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.
  • the slot 11 can be set on one edge of the radiator 10.
  • the electric field degrees of slot A and slot B are different.
  • the current path of slot B is relatively long and the phase is advanced, while the current path of slot A is relatively short.
  • c1 and c2 are expressed at different angles. deflection below. Therefore, in a complex equipment environment, the asymmetry of the antenna pattern in the face of the environment When the deflection problem is caused, the deflection problem of the pattern can be corrected by providing a slot 11 on one edge of the radiator 10 .
  • Figure 5a and Figure 5c show an antenna structure with asymmetric reference to the floor.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 5a there are no slots on the radiator.
  • the antenna structure shown in Figure 5c there are slots on the radiator.
  • Figure 5b d1 and d2 represent the pattern deflection of the antenna structure in Figure 5a
  • e1 and e2 in Figure 5d represent the pattern deflection of the antenna structure in Figure 5c.
  • FIGs 6a to 6d are schematic diagrams of the feed point on the radiator in the three antenna structures and the current distribution when operating in the resonant mode.
  • the feed position of the antenna structure is in a symmetrical position, the cross-polarization is relatively low and the polarization purity is relatively high.
  • the antenna current distribution in the working and resonant modes has good consistency.
  • a feed point is set at a symmetrical position of the radiator 10.
  • the current is distributed along the +y direction (a1 direction) and there is no x-direction current.
  • the antenna has very good polarization purity.
  • a feeding point is set at the corner of the radiator 10, and the feeding position is offset along the +x direction.
  • the shift in the feed position causes the antenna to operate in the resonant mode.
  • the current distribution produces a current component extending in the +x direction (a2 direction).
  • the a2 direction represents the cross-polarization current, resulting in cross-polarization.
  • feeding points are set at the corners of the trapezoidal radiator 10. Polarization can be reduced by constructing the trapezoidal radiator 10. The hypotenuse of the trapezoidal radiator 10 is used when the antenna is operating in the resonance mode.
  • the direction of the current is changed and the reverse cross-polarization current (current in the a3 direction) distribution is introduced.
  • This current offsets the cross-polarization current, thereby reducing the cross-polarization of the antenna and improving the polarization purity.
  • Figure 6f The pattern of the antenna shown in Figure 6c and Figure 6e when working in the resonant mode can be shown in Figure 7.
  • f1 represents the pattern of the antenna in Figure 6c
  • f2 represents the pattern of the antenna in Figure 6e. It can be clearly seen that The cross-polarization of the antenna is reduced.
  • the offset-fed trapezoidal radiator 10 can achieve low cross-polarization.
  • the reverse cross-polarization component can be introduced through the external structure.
  • the radiation in the radiator 10 can be A branch 31 is provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of the main body 15.
  • the branch 31 may be a metal piece.
  • An L-shaped branch 31 is introduced based on the antenna shown in Figure 6c, as shown specifically in Figure 8a.
  • the L-shaped branches 31 can generate current distribution through coupling and introduce anti-cross-polarization current (a3 direction current).
  • the anti-cross-polarization current offsets the original cross-polarization current (a2 direction current), which improves the Cross polarization.
  • branches 31 are provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of the radiation main body 15.
  • branches 31 are provided on the outer periphery of the corner area of the radiation main body 15 in the radiator 10, as shown in Figure 9c.
  • g1 represents the pattern of the antenna in Figure 9b
  • g2 represents the pattern of the antenna in Figure 9c
  • the cross-polarization improvement effect is obvious.
  • the electronic device includes the antenna structure described in the above embodiment.
  • the electronic device with the antenna structure described in the above embodiment has high polarization purity of the antenna structure and good antenna performance.
  • the electronic device may also include: a frame 40, a bracket 41, and a motherboard 42.
  • the bracket 41 may be disposed on the frame 40, and the reference floor 20 may be disposed on the frame 40.
  • the radiator 10 can be disposed on the other side of the bracket 41.
  • the bracket 41 can fixedly install the reference floor 20 and the radiator 10.
  • the main board 42 can be disposed on the side of the reference floor 20 away from the main board 42 to feed power.
  • the structure 13 is provided on the main board 42 .
  • a through hole 21 can be provided on the reference floor 20 , and a portion of the feed structure 13 can be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21 , so that the feed structure 13 can feed the radiator 10 .
  • the feed structure 13 may include a conductive elastic piece 14 , the conductive elastic piece 14 may be electrically connected to the radiator 10 through the through hole 21 , and the conductive elastic piece 14 may be insulated from the reference floor 20 .
  • the electronic device may further include: a shielding cover 43 , which is disposed on a side of the motherboard 42 close to the reference floor 20 .
  • the components on the motherboard 42 can be protected by the shielding cover 43 and prevented from being interfered by external signals.
  • the shielding cover 43 and the reference floor 20 can be spaced apart, and an appropriate spacing can be selected according to the specific structure of the equipment.
  • the electronic device may also include: a display screen 44 and a cover 45.
  • the cover 45 may be a battery cover, and the display screen 44 and the cover 45 are disposed on the frame 40.
  • the display screen 44 can be disposed on one side of the frame 40
  • the cover 45 can be disposed on the other side of the frame 40 .
  • the bracket 41 and the main board 42 are located between the display screen 44 and the cover 45 .

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种天线结构和电子设备，天线结构包括：参考地板；辐射体，所述辐射体与所述参考地板层叠间隔设置，所述辐射体包括馈电点、分别位于所述辐射体两端的第一电流分布部和第二电流分布部；在馈电点输入的馈电信号的作用下，所述第一电流分布部与所述第二电流分布部上的交叉极化电流方向相反。

Description

天线结构和电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请主张在2022年4月1日在中国提交的中国专利申请No.202210348898.6的优先权，其全部内容通过引用包含于此。
技术领域
本申请属于终端技术领域，具体涉及一种天线结构和电子设备。
背景技术
随着第五代移动通信技术(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，5G)的发展，用户对电子设备的功能要求越来越多，对电子设备的便捷性、智能化水平提出了更高的要求。其中一个重要的需求是将室内定位、寻物等功能引入到电子设备中。实现这一功能需要在手机中应用定位技术，超宽带(Ultra Wide Band，UWB)定位技术由于具有很高的定位准确度和定位精度在众多定位技术中受到关注。基于激光直接成型工艺(Laser-Direct-structuring，LDS)的UWB技术因其低成本优势进入业界视野，但是现有的定位天线的极化纯度偏低，影响天线性能。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的是提供一种天线结构和电子设备，用以解决现有的定位天线的极化纯度偏低，影响天线性能的问题。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种天线结构，包括：
参考地板；
辐射体，所述辐射体与所述参考地板层叠间隔设置，所述辐射体包括馈电点、分别位于所述辐射体两端的第一电流分布部和第二电流分布部；
其中，在馈电点输入的馈电信号的作用下，所述第一电流分布部与所述第二电流分布部上的交叉极化电流方向相反。
其中，所述辐射体为梯形，所述第一电流分布部包括所述辐射体的斜边边沿区域。
其中，所述辐射体的上底边沿或下底边沿设有槽缝。
其中，所述辐射体包括辐射主体和枝节，所述辐射主体为多边形，所述第一电流分布部包括所述枝节，所述枝节与所述辐射主体耦合，所述枝节设置于所述辐射主体的角部区域。
其中，所述辐射主体为矩形，所述辐射主体的馈电点位于所述辐射主体的角部区域，所述枝节围绕所述馈电点所在的角部区域的外周设置；和/或
所述枝节围绕与所述馈电点所在的角部区域相对的角部区域的外周设置。
其中，所述辐射主体为直角梯形，所述馈电点位于靠近所述辐射主体上底的直角角部区域或者靠近所述辐射主体下底的锐角角部区域；
所述直角角部区域与所述锐角角部区域中的至少一个角部区域的外周设有所述枝节。
其中，所述辐射主体的上底边沿或下底边沿设有槽缝。
其中，辐射体至少具有三个，至少一个所述辐射体对应设有所述第一电流分布部和所述第二电流分布部。
其中，至少两个所述辐射体在第一区域沿所述第一区域的长度方向间隔设置，至少两个所述辐射体在第二区域沿所述第二区域的长度方向间隔设置，所述第一区域与所述第二区域垂直交叠，所述第一区域与所述第二区域的辐射体为同一个辐射体。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，包括上述实施例中所述的天线结构。
其中，电子设备还包括：
框体；
支架，所述支架设置于所述框体上，所述参考地板设置于所述支架的一侧，所述辐射体设置于所述支架的另一侧；
主板，所述主板设置于所述参考地板的远离所述主板的一侧。
其中，电子设备还包括：
屏蔽罩，所述屏蔽罩设置于所述主板的靠近所述参考地板的一侧。
其中，电子设备还包括：
显示屏与盖体，所述显示屏与所述盖体设置于所述框体上，所述支架与所述主板位于所述显示屏与所述盖体之间。
在本申请实施例中的天线结构中，通过馈电点可以为辐射体馈电，辐射体上的第二电流分布部会产生交叉极化电流，所述第一电流分布部可以分布反交叉极化电流，所述第一电流分布部分布的反交叉极化电流的电流方向与所述辐射体上第二电流分布部上产生的交叉极化电流的电流方向相反，使得所述第一电流分布部分布的反交叉极化电流可以与所述辐射体上第二电流分布部产生的交叉极化电流相互抵消，消除辐射体上产生的交叉极化电流，提高天线结构的极化纯度，应用在定位天线中可以提高定位的精确度，提高天线性能。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例中电子设备的一个爆炸示意图；
图2a为辐射体在电子设备中的一个分布示意图；
图2b为参考地板在电子设备中的一个分布示意图；
图2c为本申请实施例中电子设备的一个剖视示意图；
图2d为参考地板上通孔的一个结构示意图；
图2e为通孔在参考地板上的一个分布示意图；
图3a为辐射体上未有槽缝时的一个天线示意图；
图3b为图3a中天线结构的一个侧视图；
图3c为图3a中天线的一个方向图性能示意图；
图4a为辐射体上有槽缝时的一个天线示意图；
图4b为图4a中天线结构的一个侧视图；
图4c为图4a中天线的一个方向图性能示意图；
图5a为辐射体上未有槽缝时的一个天线示意图；
图5b为图5a中天线的一个方向图性能示意图；
图5c为辐射体上有槽缝时的一个天线示意图；
图5d为图5c中天线的一个方向图性能示意图；
图6a为馈电点在辐射体对称位置时的一个天线示意图；
图6b为图6a中辐射体上电流的一个分布示意图；
图6c为馈电点在辐射体角部位置时的一个天线示意图；
图6d为图6c中辐射体上电流的一个分布示意图；
图6e为馈电点在辐射体角部位置时的一个天线示意图；
图6f为图6e中辐射体上电流的一个分布示意图；
图7为天线的方向图性能对比示意图；
图8a为在辐射主体的角部设置枝节的一个示意图；
图8b为图8a中辐射体上电流的一个分布示意图；
图9a为在辐射主体的角部区域的外周未设置枝节的一个示意图；
图9b为在辐射主体的角部区域的外周设置枝节的一个示意图；
图9c为天线的方向图性能对比示意图；
图10a为天线结构在电子设备中的一个示意图；
图10b为天线结构的一个俯视图；
图10c为图10b中天线结构的一个侧视图；
图10d为图10b中天线结构的另一个侧视图；
图10e为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图10f为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图11a为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图11b为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图11c为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图11d为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图12a为天线结构中的一个辐射体设置为梯形的一个示意图；
图12b为天线结构中的辐射体未设置为梯形的一个示意图；
图12c为天线的极化情况示意图；
图13a为天线结构的一个俯视图；
图13b为图13a中天线结构的一个侧视图；
图13c为图13a中天线结构的另一个侧视图；
图13d为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图13e为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图14a为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图14b为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图14c为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图14d为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图15a为天线结构中的一个辐射体设置为带槽缝的梯形的一个示意图；
图15b为天线结构中的辐射体未设置为梯形的一个示意图；
图15c为天线的极化纯度对比示意图；
图16为天线的方向图对比示意图；
图17a为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图17b为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图17c为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图17d为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图18a为在辐射主体的角部区域的外周设置枝节的一个示意图；
图18b为在辐射主体的角部区域的外周未设置枝节的一个示意图；
图18c为天线的极化纯度对比示意图；
图19a为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图19b为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图19c为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图20a为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图20b为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图20c为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图20d为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图20e为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图20f为天线结构的又一个俯视图；
图21a为在辐射主体的角部区域的外周设置枝节的一个示意图；
图21b为在辐射主体的角部区域的外周未设置枝节的一个示意图；
图21c为天线的极化纯度对比示意图。
附图标记
辐射体10；槽缝11；馈电点12；
馈电结构13；导电弹片14；辐射主体15；
参考地板20；通孔21；
第一电流分布部30；枝节31；
框体40；支架41；主板42；
屏蔽罩43；显示屏44；盖体45。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便本申请的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，说明书以及权利要求中“和/或”表示所连接对象的至少其中之一，字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
下面结合附图1至图21c所示，通过具体的实施例及其应用场景对本申 请实施例提供的天线结构进行详细地说明。
如图1至图2e、图10a至图11d、图13a至图14d以及图17a至图17d所示，本申请实施例的天线结构，包括：辐射体10与参考地板20，辐射体10与参考地板20层叠间隔设置，辐射体10与参考地板20在参考地板20的厚度方向上可以层叠间隔设置，辐射体10与参考地板20之间可以平行。辐射体10的数量可以为一个或多个，比如，辐射体10的数量可以为三个。辐射体10与参考地板20之间可以设置绝缘介质，通过绝缘介质支撑辐射体10。辐射体10可以为板体状，在辐射体10的数量为多个的情况下，多个辐射体10可以处于同一平面，多个辐射体10可以间隔分布。辐射体10、参考地板20可以为导电材料件，比如辐射体10、参考地板20可以为金属材料件。
辐射体10可以包括馈电点12、分别位于辐射体10两端的第一电流分布部30和第二电流分布部32。其中，在馈电点12输入的馈电信号的作用下，第一电流分布部30与第二电流分布部32上的交叉极化电流方向相反。馈电结构13可以与馈电点12电连接，可以通过馈电结构13为辐射体10馈电。可以在参考地板20上设置通孔21，馈电结构13的部分可以穿过通孔21与辐射体10电连接，进而通过馈电结构13可以为辐射体10馈电。馈电结构13可以包括导电弹片14，导电弹片14可以穿过通孔21与辐射体10电连接。
在本申请实施例中的天线结构中，通过馈电点12可以为辐射体10馈电，辐射体10上的第二电流分布部32会产生交叉极化电流，第一电流分布部30可以分布反交叉极化电流，第一电流分布部30分布的反交叉极化电流的电流方向与辐射体10上第二电流分布部32上产生的交叉极化电流的电流方向相反，使得第一电流分布部30分布的反交叉极化电流可以与辐射体10上第二电流分布部产生的交叉极化电流相互抵消，消除辐射体10上产生的交叉极化电流，提高天线结构的极化纯度，应用在定位天线中可以提高定位的精确度，提高天线性能。天线结构对天线的外部环境要求低，通过调节天线自身结构即可以改善外部环境对天线性能的影响，适用范围广，应用性强，对环境的依赖程度低。
在一些实施例中，图10b至图11d、图13a至图14d所示，辐射体10可以为梯形，第一电流分布部30可以包括辐射体10的斜边边沿区域。梯形的辐射体10在天线工作与谐振模式时，梯形的辐射体10的斜边边沿改变了电流的方向，引入了反向的交叉极化电流分布，该电流与辐射体10上产生的交叉极化电流产生抵消作用，从而降低了天线的交叉极化，使得极化纯度提升。
如图10a所示为定位天线在手机中的位置，为方便展示，此处隐去支架等结构。由于设备环境、天线互耦等因素对定位天线的三个天线单元的影响可能相似，也可能不同，天线结构中的一个或几个辐射体10可以设计为梯形，如图10b、图10e与图10f所示。天线结构中的一个或几个辐射体10可以不限于直角梯形结构，也可以为一般梯形结构，如图11a所示；或者在不同的天线上运用直角梯形结构或一般梯形结构，如图11b所示。另外，天线结构中的直角梯形结构可以根据实际设备环境的不同，朝向可以发生改变，可以如图11c与图11d所示。
如图12a所示天线结构中的一个辐射体10为梯形，如图12b所示天线结构中的三个辐射体10为矩形，一个辐射体10与参考地板20构成一个天线单元，如图12c所示，m1表示图12b所示天线结构中的天线单元的极化情况，m2表示图12a所示天线结构中具有梯形的辐射体10的天线单元的极化情况。梯形的辐射体10可以实现天线单元的高极化纯度。如图12c所示，具有梯形的辐射体10的天线单元相比具有矩形的辐射体10的天线单元，在±60°内极化纯度明显改善。
在另一些实施例中，如图13a、图13d至图14d所示，辐射体10的上底边沿或下底边沿可以设有槽缝11。可以在一个或多个辐射体10的上底边沿或下底边沿设置槽缝11，比如，辐射体10的数量为三个，三个辐射体10的上底边沿或下底边沿均可以设有槽缝11。通过槽缝11可以使得辐射体10的相对两侧边沿分布的电流的相位不同，具有一定的相位差，可以使得天线的方向图产生偏转，使得天线具有高定向性的方向图性能，槽缝的设置有利于实现天线小型化。
如图13a至图13e所示，将天线结构中的一个或多个辐射体10设计为一侧边沿设置槽缝11的梯形结构，具体可以如图13a、图13d和图13e所示。一个辐射体10与参考地板20构成一个天线单元，天线单元的组合可以不限于13a、图13d和图13e所示结构，可以根据设备环境的不同实现不同的组合，比如，可以如图14a至图14d所示，将天线结构中的多个辐射体10设计为一侧边沿设置槽缝11的梯形结构，槽缝11的位置与形状可以根据实际选择，不同辐射体10之间的相对位置关系可以根据实际选择。
如图15a所示天线结构中的一个辐射体10为梯形，在梯形的辐射体10的一侧边沿设置槽缝11，如图15b所示天线结构中的三个辐射体10为矩形，一个辐射体10与参考地板20构成一个天线单元，如图15c所示，n1表示图15b所示天线结构中的天线单元的极化情况，n2表示图15a所示天线结构中具有梯形的辐射体10的天线单元的极化情况，梯形的辐射体10可以实现天线单元的高极化纯度。如图15c所示，具有梯形的辐射体10的天线单元相比具有矩形的辐射体10的天线单元，在±60°内的极化纯度明显改善。
如图16所示，h2表示图15b所示天线结构中的天线单元的方向图，h1表示图15a所示天线结构中具有梯形的辐射体10的天线单元的方向图，具有梯形的辐射体10的天线单元相比具有矩形的辐射体10的天线单元，方向图偏转改善明显。
在本申请的实施例中，图17a至图17d、图19a至图20f所示，辐射体10可以包括辐射主体15和枝节31，辐射主体15可以为多边形，辐射主体15可以为梯形或平行四边形，第一电流分布部30可以包括枝节31，枝节31与辐射主体15可以耦合，枝节31与辐射主体15可以间隔耦合，枝节31设置于辐射主体15的角部区域。枝节31可以为导电材料件，比如枝节31可以为金属件。枝节31可以与至少一个辐射主体15间隔耦合，至少一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周可以设有枝节31。枝节31可以围绕对应的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置，枝节31可以为L型或U型，具体的形状可以根据实际选择。至少一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15可以与枝节 31间隔耦合，每个辐射主体15可以与对应的一个枝节31间隔耦合，通过枝节31与辐射主体15的耦合可以在枝节31上分布电流，通过枝节31上分布的电流可以抵消辐射主体15上产生的交叉极化电流，可以实现天线的高极化纯度。
在一些实施例中，辐射主体15为矩形，辐射主体15的馈电点12可以位于辐射主体15的角部区域，馈电结构13与馈电点12电连接，枝节31可以围绕馈电点12所在的角部区域的外周设置。枝节31可以围绕与馈电点12所在的角部区域相对的角部区域的外周设置。辐射体10的数量可以为一个或多个，至少一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15可以为矩形，至少一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的馈电点12位于辐射主体15的角部区域，比如，矩形的辐射主体15的馈电点12可以位于矩形的辐射主体15的角部区域，枝节31可以围绕馈电点12所在的角部区域的外周设置，或者枝节31可以围绕与馈电点12所在的角部区域相对的角部区域的外周设置。一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15可以对应设置有两个枝节31，一个枝节31可以围绕馈电点12所在的矩形的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置，同时，另一个枝节31可以围绕与馈电点12所在的角部区域相对的角部区域的外周设置。通过枝节31上分布的电流可以抵消辐射主体15上产生的交叉极化电流，可以实现天线的高极化纯度。辐射主体15可以为矩形或梯形，不同辐射主体15之间的位置关系可以根据实际选择，不同形状的辐射主体15之间的组合关系可以根据实际选择。
如图17a至图17d所示，辐射体10的数量可以为多个，比如三个，三个辐射体10中，至少一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置枝节31。图17a所示为在一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的角部区域设置一个L型的枝节31。引入的枝节31可以改善天线单元的极化纯度。根据设备环境，枝节31也可在多个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置，可以如图17b与图17c所示。另外，也可以在一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置两个枝节31，比如，在一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15 的相对的两个角部区域的外周分别设置一个枝节31，可以如图17d所示。
通过在辐射体10中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置枝节31，可以提升天线单元的极化纯度。如图18a所示，在天线结构中，一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置枝节31，如图18b所示，天线结构中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周未设置枝节31，一个辐射体10与参考地板20构成一个天线单元。如图18c所示，k1表示图18a所示天线结构中设置枝节31的天线单元的极化情况，k2表示图18b所示天线结构中未设置枝节31的天线单元的极化情况，设置枝节31的天线单元可以实现高极化纯度，在±60°内的极化纯度明显改善。
在另一些实施例中，辐射主体15可以为直角梯形，馈电结构13与辐射主体15的馈电点12电连接，馈电点12位于靠近辐射主体15上底的直角角部区域或者靠近辐射主体15下底的锐角角部区域；直角角部区域与锐角角部区域中的至少一个角部区域的外周设有枝节31。直角梯形的辐射主体15的斜边改变了电流的方向，引入了反向的交叉极化电流分布，该电流与交叉极化电流产生抵消作用，从而降低了天线的交叉极化，极化纯度提升。通过枝节31上分布的电流可以抵消辐射主体15上产生的交叉极化电流，可以实现天线的高极化纯度。
辐射体10的数量可以为一个或多个，至少一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15可以为直角梯形，馈电结构13与辐射主体15的馈电点12可以电连接，至少一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的馈电点12位于靠近辐射主体15上底的直角角部区域或者靠近辐射主体15下底的锐角角部区域。直角角部区域与锐角角部区域中的至少一个角部区域的外周可以设有枝节31。比如，至少一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15为直角梯形，至少一个直角梯形的辐射主体15的馈电点12位于靠近辐射主体15上底的直角角部区域或者靠近辐射主体15下底的锐角角部区域，可以在直角角部区域与锐角角部区域中的至少一个角部区域的外周设有枝节31。通过枝节31上分布的电流可以抵消辐射主体15上产生的交叉极化电流，可以实现天线的高极化纯度。可以通过直角梯形的 辐射主体15的斜边改变了电流的方向，引入了反向的交叉极化电流分布，该电流与交叉极化电流产生抵消作用，提高极化纯度。
如图19a至图19c所示，在天线结构中的一个或者多个天线单元中采用了梯形结构加L型的枝节的组合，如图19a至图19c所示。根据终端设备环境的不同，每个天线单元周围也可以引入多个L型的枝节31，可以在一个天线单元中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置两个枝节31，一个角部区域的外周对应设置一个枝节31，如图20a所示；也可以在多个天线单元上应用两个枝节31，如图20b、如图20c所示，以获取更好的效果。为确保L型的枝节31和梯形构造的斜边产生的效果叠加，L型的枝节31可以设置于梯形的锐角凸出的位置，或者在锐角的对角位置，又或者同时存在于梯形锐角位置以及锐角的对角位置。另外，天线结构的辐射主体15的轮廓也不限于直角梯形，也可以为一般梯形，如图20d所示；三个天线单元中的梯形的辐射主体15也可以有不同朝向，可以如图20e与图20f所示，具体的设置方式可以根据实际选择。
如图21a所示，在天线结构中，一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置枝节31，如图21b所示，天线结构中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周未设置枝节31，一个辐射体10与参考地板20构成一个天线单元。如图21c所示，p1表示图21a所示天线结构中设置枝节31的天线单元的极化情况，p2表示图21b所示天线结构中未设置枝节31的天线单元的极化情况，设置枝节31的天线单元可以实现高极化纯度，在±60°内的极化纯度明显改善。
可选地，辐射主体15的上底边沿或下底边沿设有槽缝11。比如，辐射体10的数量为三个，至少一个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的上底边沿或下底边沿可以设有槽缝11，比如，三个辐射体10中的辐射主体15的上底边沿或下底边沿均可以设有槽缝11，通过槽缝11可以使得辐射主体15的相对两侧边沿分布的电流相位不同，具有一定的相位差，可以使得天线的方向图产生偏转，使得天线具有高定向性的方向图性能。
在本申请的实施例中，辐射体10至少具有三个，至少一个辐射体10对应设有第一电流分布部30和第二电流分布部32。辐射体10可以具有三个，每个辐射体10可以对应设有一个第一电流分布部30和第二电流分布部32。通过设置多个辐射体10可以作为定位天线，进行准确地定位，提高定位的精确度。
可选地，至少两个辐射体10在第一区域沿第一区域的长度方向间隔设置，至少两个辐射体10在第二区域沿第二区域的长度方向间隔设置，第一区域与第二区域垂直交叠，第一区域与第二区域的辐射体10为同一个辐射体10，也即是，第一区域与第二区域在交叠区域只有一个辐射体10，且第一区域与第二区域在交叠区域的一个辐射体10为同一个辐射体10，使得辐射体10可以呈L型分布。比如，辐射体10可以具有三个，两个辐射体10在第一区域沿第一区域的长度方向间隔设置，两个辐射体10在第二区域沿第二区域的长度方向间隔设置，第一区域与第二区域在交叠区域的辐射体10为同一个辐射体10，在天线结构设置上述三个辐射体10的情况下，天线结构可以作为UWB天线，通过三个辐射体10可以进行准确地定位，提高定位的精确度。
图3a所示的天线结构中辐射体上未设置槽缝，天线的辐射主要依赖辐射体10的一对边沿与参考地板20之间的缝隙辐射，为方便描述，将天线辐射的两条缝隙分别成为缝隙A和缝隙B。当天线结构为对称结构时，辐射体上两边沿的电流分布等幅同相，因此其方向图最大辐射方向为法向，具体可以如图3c所示，在图3c中，b1和b2表示在不同角度下的偏转情况。此时，通过设计不对称结构使得辐射体10的两边沿的电流分布相位不同，具有一定的相位差，可以使方向图产生偏转，改变天线的最大辐射方向。可以在辐射体10的其中一个边沿设置槽缝11，如图4a所示，缝隙A和缝隙B的电场度不同，缝隙B的电流路径相对较长而相位超前，缝隙A的电流路径相对较短而相位滞后，因此方向图在phi＝0°平面向负角度偏转，可以简单概括为沿尺寸较小的边偏转，具体可以如图4c所示，在图4c中，c1和c2表示在不同角度下的偏转情况。因此，在复杂设备环境中，面对环境的不对称对天线方向图 带来的偏转问题时，可以通过在辐射体10的其中一个边沿设置槽缝11来矫正方向图的偏转问题。
图5a和图5c所示为一个参考地板不对称的天线结构，图5a所示的天线结构中辐射体上未设置槽缝，图5c所示的天线结构中辐射体上设置槽缝，图5b中d1和d2表示图5a中的天线结构的方向图偏转情况，图5d中e1和e2表示图5c中的天线结构的方向图偏转情况。如图5a所示，由于此时缝隙A与缝隙B相同，而参考地板相对于天线结构不对称，导致了天线方向图在phi＝0°平面往正角度方向偏转，具体可以如图5b。根据上述机理，如图5c所示，在天线的辐射体10的其中一个边沿设置槽缝11，增加缝隙B的路径，使得天线在phi＝0°平面的方向图往负角度偏转。最终，在中和作用下，天线方向图的最大辐射方向恢复至法相，具体可以如图5d。
图6a至图6d为三种天线结构中馈电点在辐射体的示意图以及工作在谐振模式时的电流分布示意图。当天线结构的馈电位置位于对称位置时，交叉极化相对低，极化纯度相对高，此时工作与谐振模式的天线电流分布具有良好的一致性。如图6a所示，在辐射体10的对称位置设置馈电点，如图6b所示，电流延+y方向(a1方向)分布，无x方向电流，此时天线具有非常好的极化纯度。但在终端设备环境中，天线的馈电位置往往难以设置在如此理想的位置，比如，如图6c所示，在辐射体10的角部位置设置馈电点，馈电位置沿+x方向偏移，如图6d所示，馈电位置的偏移导致天线工作在谐振模式时，电流分布产生了延+x方向(a2方向)的电流分量，a2方向表示交叉极化电流，导致交叉极化增加，极化纯度降低。如图6e所示，在梯形的辐射体10的角部位置设置馈电点，通过构造梯形的辐射体可以降低极化，梯形的辐射体10在天线工作与谐振模式时辐射体10的斜边改变了电流的方向，引入了反向的交叉极化电流(a3方向的电流)分布，该电流与交叉极化电流产生抵消作用，从而降低了天线的交叉极化，极化纯度提升，具体可以如图6f所示。图6c和图6e中所示天线在工作于谐振模式时的方向图可以如图7所示，f1表示图6c中天线的方向图，f2表示图6e中天线的方向图，可以明显的看到 天线的交叉极化降低。
偏位馈电的梯形的辐射体10可以实现低交叉极化，实现天线低交叉极化的可以通过外部结构引入反向交叉极化分量，如图8a所示，可以在辐射体10中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置枝节31，枝节31可以为金属件，在图6c所示天线的基础上引入L型的枝节31，具体如图8a所示。L型的枝节31可以通过耦合作用产生电流分布引入反交叉极化电流(a3方向电流)，如图8b所示，反交叉极化电流与原交叉极化电流(a2方向电流)抵消，改善了交叉极化。如图9a所示，辐射主体15的角部区域的外周未设置枝节31，如图9b所示，辐射体10中的辐射主体15的角部区域的外周设置枝节31，如图9c所示，g1表示图9b中天线的方向图，g2表示图9c中天线的方向图，交叉极化改善效果明显。
本申请实施例的电子设备，包括上述实施例中所述的天线结构。具有上述实施例中所述的天线结构的电子设备，天线结构的极化纯度高，天线性能好。
在一些实施例中，如图1至图2e、图10a所示，电子设备还可以包括：框体40、支架41、主板42，支架41可以设置于框体40上，参考地板20可以设置于支架41的一侧，辐射体10可以设置于支架41的另一侧，支架41可以固定安装参考地板20与辐射体10，主板42可以设置于参考地板20的远离主板42的一侧，馈电结构13设置于主板42上。可以在参考地板20上设置通孔21，馈电结构13的部分可以穿过通孔21与辐射体10电连接，使得馈电结构13可以为辐射体10馈电。馈电结构13可以包括导电弹片14，导电弹片14可以穿过通孔21与辐射体10电连接，导电弹片14与参考地板20之间可以绝缘。
可选地，如图1所示，电子设备还可以包括：屏蔽罩43，屏蔽罩43设置于主板42的靠近参考地板20的一侧。通过屏蔽罩43可以保护主板42上的器件，防止受到外部信号的干扰。屏蔽罩43与参考地板20之间可以间隔，可以根据设备的具体结构选择合适的间隔间距。
在本申请的实施例中，如图1所示，电子设备还可以包括：显示屏44与盖体45，盖体45可以为电池盖，显示屏44与盖体45设置于框体40上，显示屏44可以设置于框体40的一侧，盖体45可以设置于框体40的另一侧，支架41与主板42位于显示屏44与盖体45之间。
上面结合附图对本申请的实施例进行了描述，但是本申请并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，而不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的启示下，在不脱离本申请宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可做出很多形式，均属于本申请的保护之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种天线结构，包括：
    参考地板；
    辐射体，所述辐射体与所述参考地板层叠间隔设置，所述辐射体包括馈电点、分别位于所述辐射体两端的第一电流分布部和第二电流分布部；
    其中，在馈电点输入的馈电信号的作用下，所述第一电流分布部与所述第二电流分布部上的交叉极化电流方向相反。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其中，所述辐射体为梯形，所述第一电流分布部包括所述辐射体的斜边边沿区域。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的天线结构，其中，所述辐射体的上底边沿或下底边沿设有槽缝。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其中，所述辐射体包括辐射主体和枝节，所述辐射主体为多边形，所述第一电流分布部包括所述枝节，所述枝节与所述辐射主体耦合，所述枝节设置于所述辐射主体的角部区域。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的天线结构，其中，所述辐射主体为矩形，所述辐射主体的馈电点位于所述辐射主体的角部区域，所述枝节围绕所述馈电点所在的角部区域的外周设置；和/或
    所述枝节围绕与所述馈电点所在的角部区域相对的角部区域的外周设置。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的天线结构，其中，所述辐射主体为直角梯形，所述馈电点位于靠近所述辐射主体上底的直角角部区域或者靠近所述辐射主体下底的锐角角部区域；
    所述直角角部区域与所述锐角角部区域中的至少一个角部区域的外周设有所述枝节。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的天线结构，其中，所述辐射主体的上底边沿或下底边沿设有槽缝。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的天线结构，其中，辐射体至少具有三个，至少 一个所述辐射体对应设有所述第一电流分布部和第二电流分布部。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线结构，其中，至少两个所述辐射体在第一区域沿所述第一区域的长度方向间隔设置，至少两个所述辐射体在第二区域沿所述第二区域的长度方向间隔设置，所述第一区域与所述第二区域垂直交叠，所述第一区域与所述第二区域的辐射体为同一个辐射体。
  10. 一种电子设备，包括权利要求1-9中任一项所述的天线结构。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，还包括：
    框体；
    支架，所述支架设置于所述框体上，所述参考地板设置于所述支架的一侧，所述辐射体设置于所述支架的另一侧；
    主板，所述主板设置于所述参考地板的远离所述主板的一侧。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电子设备，还包括：
    屏蔽罩，所述屏蔽罩设置于所述主板的靠近所述参考地板的一侧。
PCT/CN2023/085014 2022-04-01 2023-03-30 天线结构和电子设备 Ceased WO2023185996A1 (zh)

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