WO2023190777A1 - 複合体および複合体の製造方法、ならびに触媒構造体 - Google Patents
複合体および複合体の製造方法、ならびに触媒構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023190777A1 WO2023190777A1 PCT/JP2023/013005 JP2023013005W WO2023190777A1 WO 2023190777 A1 WO2023190777 A1 WO 2023190777A1 JP 2023013005 W JP2023013005 W JP 2023013005W WO 2023190777 A1 WO2023190777 A1 WO 2023190777A1
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- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
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- B01J29/03—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves not having base-exchange properties
- B01J29/035—Microporous crystalline materials not having base exchange properties, such as silica polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
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- B01J29/035—Microporous crystalline materials not having base exchange properties, such as silica polymorphs, e.g. silicalites
- B01J29/0352—Microporous crystalline materials not having base exchange properties, such as silica polymorphs, e.g. silicalites containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
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- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
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- B01J35/45—Nanoparticles
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds
- C01B3/047—Decomposition of ammonia
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/12—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
- C01B3/16—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
- C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
- C01B3/26—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B37/00—Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
- C01B37/02—Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites dealuminated aluminosilicate zeolites
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
- C01B2203/1058—Nickel catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
- C01B2203/107—Platinum catalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a composite, a method for manufacturing the composite, and a catalyst structure.
- hydrodesulfurization equipment such as direct desulfurization equipment and intermediate desulfurization equipment are further cracked and desulfurized.
- hydrocracking catalysts containing zeolite and porous inorganic oxides in specific proportions have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 describes a honeycomb structure for purifying exhaust gas such as automobile exhaust gas.
- the honeycomb structure of Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of columnar honeycomb units containing zeolite and an inorganic binder, and in which a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face are partitioned by cell walls along the longitudinal direction. It is constructed by bonding the two pieces together via an adhesive layer.
- the above-mentioned catalysts include molded catalysts made by kneading zeolite etc. into a binder such as alumina and molding it into a predetermined shape, and catalysts made by kneading zeolite etc. into a binder such as alumina and molding it into a predetermined shape, and zeolite etc. on the surface of a support such as an inert metal or metal oxide. It is utilized in the form of a structured catalyst made by attaching it.
- the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a composite, a method for producing the same, and a catalyst structure using the composite, which can suppress density changes at high temperatures and perform a prescribed reaction stably and safely over a long period of time. It's about giving your body.
- a composite comprising a framework with a porous structure containing a crystalline SiO 2 compound, and microparticles containing metal oxide microparticles or metal microparticles inherent in the framework.
- the crystalline SiO 2 compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of cristobalite, tridymite, quartz, stishovite, and coesite.
- the abundance ratio of the crystalline SiO 2 compound in the skeleton is 40% or more.
- the complex according to any one of [1] to [6] above, which is used.
- a method for producing a composite in which a precursor material having a structure in which metal oxide fine particles or metal fine particles are encapsulated in a SiO 2 -based framework is heat-treated in a high temperature atmosphere in the presence of H 2 O.
- a precursor material having a structure in which metal oxide fine particles or metal fine particles are encapsulated in a SiO 2 -based framework is heat-treated in a high temperature atmosphere in the presence of H 2 O.
- a composite, a method for producing the same, and a catalyst structure using the composite are capable of suppressing density changes at high temperatures and performing a prescribed reaction stably and safely over a long period of time. You can donate your body.
- FIG. 1 is an image of a pellet obtained using the composite of Comparative Example 1 after a catalytic activity test.
- the present inventors have focused on the fact that the cause of large density changes in high-temperature reactions and the like is a phase change in which the crystal structure changes.
- the present inventors studied the components contained in the framework that constitutes the composite, and by creating a crystalline SiO2 compound that is stable even at high temperatures, the crystals of the framework that undergo density changes at high temperatures.
- the structural change can be controlled to perform a prescribed reaction stably and safely over a long period of time, and based on this knowledge, we have completed the present disclosure.
- the composite of the embodiment includes a framework with a porous structure containing a crystalline SiO 2 compound, and microparticles including metal oxide microparticles or metal microparticles inherent in the framework.
- the framework that constitutes the composite contains one or more types of crystalline SiO 2 compounds and has a porous structure.
- the crystalline SiO 2 compound contained in the framework is not a zeolite. That is, the crystalline SiO 2 compound does not contain zeolite.
- the complex contains one or more microparticles.
- the fine particles include metal oxide fine particles or metal fine particles, and are inherent in the skeleton. Further, the fine particles may be primary particles or secondary particles formed by agglomeration of primary particles.
- the fine particles exert one or more functions alone or in cooperation with the skeleton.
- functions include catalytic functions, luminescent functions, fluorescent functions, light absorbing functions, identification functions, and the like. It is preferable that the fine particles are, for example, a catalytic substance having a catalytic function.
- the skeleton is a carrier that supports the catalytic material.
- Specific applications related to the catalytic function of the composite include Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, steam reforming, dry reforming, partial oxidation reforming, methanol reforming, methanol synthesis, hydrocracking, and catalytic cracking. , hydrodesulfurization, ammonia decomposition, ammonia synthesis, CO shift reaction, reverse shift reaction, exhaust gas purification, fluid catalytic cracking, N 2 O decomposition, CO treatment, NO decomposition, volatile organic substance synthesis, volatile organic substance removal, NO Examples include x reduction, dehydrogenation of alkanes, olefin synthesis, and aromatic synthesis.
- the skeleton Since the skeleton has a porous structure, it has a large number of pores including through holes and bottomed holes. A plurality of microparticles within the skeleton communicate with the outside of the skeleton through one or more pores.
- the crystalline SiO 2 compound constituting the skeleton has a porous structure. A plurality of fine particles are inherent in the crystalline SiO2 compound.
- the crystalline SiO 2 compound has a crystal structure (crystalline phase) of SiO 2 that is different from zeolites such as silicalite and amorphous silica. Therefore, even if the composite is exposed to a high-temperature reaction, especially a reaction that adds or generates H 2 O, changes in the density of the crystalline SiO 2 compound due to the reaction are reduced or the density of the crystalline SiO 2 compound is reduced. Since no change occurs, changes in the density of the skeleton due to changes in the crystal structure of the skeleton can be suppressed.
- the composite when the composite is applied to a shaped catalyst, cracking of the shaped catalyst can be suppressed, and when the composite is applied to a structured catalyst, peeling from the support can be suppressed, resulting in long-term
- the structure can be maintained stably over a period of time. As a result, even when the composite is used industrially, it maintains its strength over a long period of time and prevents clogging of the reaction tubes within the reaction system, making the composite stable and safe for a long period of time.
- a predetermined reaction can be carried out.
- the crystalline SiO 2 compound may be at least one compound selected from the group consisting of cristobalite, tridymite, quartz, stishovite, and coesite.
- it is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of cristobalite, tridymite, and quartz, and even more preferably cristobalite.
- Such compounds are structurally stable even under environments such as high temperatures.
- the abundance ratio of the crystalline SiO 2 compound in the skeleton is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 65% or more, and even more preferably 95% or more. As the abundance ratio of the crystalline SiO 2 compound increases, the structure becomes more stable even under environments such as high temperatures.
- the skeleton may also contain components such as a zeolite compound.
- Zeolite-type compounds have a porous structure and have molecular sieving ability.
- the plurality of microparticles may be embedded within the zeolite-type compound.
- the zeolite type compound has a plurality of pores formed therein, thereby having passages that communicate with each other.
- the microparticles may be present in the channels of the zeolite-type compound, and are preferably retained in at least the channels of the zeolite-type compound.
- the movement of fine particles within the zeolite compound is regulated, and aggregation of fine particles with each other is effectively prevented.
- the reduction in the effective surface area of the fine particles can be effectively suppressed, and the functions of the fine particles can be maintained for a long period of time. That is, it is possible to suppress the decline in functionality due to aggregation of fine particles, and it is possible to extend the life of the composite. Further, by increasing the lifespan of the composite, the frequency of replacing the composite can be reduced, the amount of discarded used composites can be significantly reduced, and resource conservation can be achieved.
- zeolite-type compounds examples include zeolite (aluminosilicate), cation exchange zeolite, silicate compounds such as silicalite, zeolite analogs such as aluminoborate, aluminoarsenate, and germanate, molybdenum phosphate, etc.
- zeolite type compound is preferably a silicate compound.
- the skeleton structures of zeolite compounds are FAU type (Y type or X type), MTW type, MFI type (ZSM-5), FER type (ferrierite), LTA type (A type), and MWW type (MCM-22). , MOR type (mordenite), LTL type (L type), BEA type (beta type), etc., preferably MFI type, more preferably ZSM-5.
- a zeolite type compound has a plurality of pores with a pore diameter depending on each skeleton structure. For example, the maximum pore diameter of the MFI type is 0.636 nm (6.36 ⁇ ), and the average pore diameter is 0.560 nm (5.60 ⁇ ). be.
- the abundance ratio of the crystalline SiO 2 compound can be measured by XRD (X-ray diffraction method) under the following conditions. The following is an example of calculating the abundance ratio of cristobalite. -Measurement conditions: Measurement is performed using a reflection method using a D8 ADVANCE device (manufactured by Bruker), a light source of X-rays (target: Cu), and a LYNXEYE/SSD160 detector (one-dimensional semiconductor) as a detector.
- ⁇ Peak of cristobalite peak around 22°
- ⁇ Peak of MFI type zeolite peak around 8°
- Abundance ratio of crystalline SiO 2 compound (peak height of crystalline SiO 2 compound) / (crystalline SiO 2 compound peak height + peak height of MFI zeolite) x 100
- the peak angle of the crystalline SiO 2 compound may be selected not from the above-mentioned peak angle but from a peak angle unique to the crystalline SiO 2 compound.
- the selected peak is preferably a high peak that can be separated from peaks derived from other crystalline substances. Therefore, the above-mentioned peaks are just examples, and the peak height can be calculated by a well-known method using the peaks assigned to each crystalline substance, and the abundance ratio can be determined from the ratio.
- a composite when a composite is used in a fluid (for example, heavy oil or reformed gas such as NOx), there is a possibility that it will receive an external force from the fluid.
- a fluid for example, heavy oil or reformed gas such as NOx
- the fine particles are held in an adherent state only on the outer surface of the skeleton, there is a problem that the fine particles are likely to separate from the outer surface of the skeleton under the influence of external force from the fluid.
- the fine particles are inherent in the framework, ie, in the crystalline SiO 2 compound, and/or present at least in the channels of the zeolite-type compound. Therefore, even if the composite is affected by an external force caused by a fluid, the fine particles are difficult to separate from the skeleton.
- the fluid flows into the interior through the pores in crystalline SiO 2 compounds, and from the pores into the channels in zeolite-type compounds, so that The speed of the fluid flowing through the channels of the zeolite-type compound is considered to be slower than the speed of the fluid flowing on the outer surface of the composite due to channel resistance (frictional force). Due to the influence of such flow path resistance, the pressure that the particles inside the skeleton receive from the fluid is lower than the pressure that the particles existing on the outer surface of the skeleton receive from the fluid. Therefore, it is possible to effectively suppress detachment of the microparticles present in the skeleton, and it is possible to stably maintain the function of the microparticles over a long period of time.
- the fine particles have an average particle diameter larger than the average pore diameter of the skeleton.
- the skeleton has an average pore diameter of 0.05 nm or more and 25.00 nm or less. Further, the average particle diameter of the fine particles is preferably 0.08 nm or more and 50.00 nm or less.
- the passageway of the zeolite-type compound is defined by one-dimensional pores, two-dimensional pores, and three-dimensional pores defined by the skeleton structure of the zeolite-type compound. It is preferable that the enlarged diameter portion is different from any of the enlarged diameter portions.
- the one-dimensional pore referred to here refers to a tunnel-shaped or cage-shaped pore forming a one-dimensional channel, or a plurality of tunnel- or cage-shaped pores (multiple one-dimensional holes) forming a plurality of one-dimensional channels. channel).
- a two-dimensional hole refers to a two-dimensional channel in which multiple one-dimensional channels are two-dimensionally connected
- a three-dimensional hole refers to a three-dimensional channel in which a plurality of one-dimensional channels are three-dimensionally connected. Point.
- the one-dimensional pores, two-dimensional pores, and three-dimensional pores of zeolite-type compounds refer to the pore structures specific to various zeolites published in the Database of Zeolite Structures.
- the expanded diameter section of zeolite-type compounds refers to the pore structure that is not disclosed therein.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles is larger than the average pore diameter of the one-dimensional pores, two-dimensional pores, and three-dimensional pores defined by the zeolite-type compound. Further, it is preferable that the fine particles exist at least in the enlarged diameter part, and it is more preferable that the fine particles are included at least in the enlarged diameter part.
- inclusion of fine particles in the enlarged diameter portion refers to a state in which fine particles are encapsulated in a zeolite type compound.
- the fine particles and the zeolite-type compound do not necessarily need to be in direct contact with each other, but other substances (such as a surfactant) may be present between the fine particles and the zeolite-type compound.
- the fine particles may be indirectly held in a zeolite type compound.
- the fine particles inherent in the zeolite-type compound may exist in the passageway with a part of them protruding outside the enlarged diameter portion. Further, the fine particles may be partially embedded in a portion of the passage other than the enlarged diameter portion (for example, an inner wall portion of the passage) or may be held by adhesion or the like.
- the enlarged diameter portion of the zeolite-type compound communicates with each other a plurality of pores constituting any one of the one-dimensional pores, the two-dimensional pores, and the three-dimensional pores.
- the enlarged diameter portion of the zeolite-type compound communicates with each other a plurality of pores constituting any one of the one-dimensional pores, the two-dimensional pores, and the three-dimensional pores.
- the passage is three-dimensionally formed inside the zeolite compound, including a branching part or a merging part, and the enlarged diameter part is preferably provided at the branching part or the merging part of the passage.
- the average inner diameter of the passages formed in the zeolite-type compound is calculated from the average value of the short axis and long axis of the pores constituting any of the one-dimensional pores, two-dimensional pores, and three-dimensional pores, and is, for example, 0.1 nm. It is not less than 25.0 nm, preferably not less than 0.5 nm and not more than 5.0 nm. Further, the inner diameter of the expanded diameter portion of the zeolite compound is, for example, 0.5 nm or more and 50.0 nm or less, preferably 1.1 nm or more and 40.0 nm or less, and more preferably 1.1 nm or more and 3.3 nm or less.
- the inner diameter of the enlarged diameter portion depends on, for example, the pore diameter of the precursor material (A) described later and the average particle diameter of the fine particles to be included. The inner diameter of the enlarged diameter portion is large enough to include fine particles.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles is preferably larger than the average inner diameter of the passageway and smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the enlarged diameter portion.
- Such fine particles are preferably included in the enlarged diameter portion within the passage, and their movement within the zeolite compound is further restricted. Therefore, even if the particles are subjected to an external force from the fluid, their movement within the zeolite compound is further suppressed, and the particles enclosed in each of the enlarged diameter sections distributed in the passage come into contact with each other. This can be effectively prevented.
- the average particle size of the metal oxide fine particles is preferably 0.10 nm or more and 50 nm or more, both in the case of primary particles and secondary particles. 00 nm or less, 0.10 nm or more and less than 30.00 nm, 0.50 nm or more and 14.00 nm or less, and 1.00 nm or more and 12.00 nm or less.
- the ratio of the average particle diameter of the metal oxide fine particles to the average inner diameter of the passage of the zeolite type compound is preferably 0.06 or more and 500.00 or less, more preferably 0.10 or more and 36.00 or less, More preferably, it is 1.10 or more and 36.00 or less, particularly preferably 1.70 or more and 4.50 or less.
- the metal element (M) of the metal oxide fine particles is preferably contained in an amount of 0.5% by mass or more and 2.5% by mass or less based on the composite, and 0.5% by mass with respect to the composite. More preferably, the content is 1.5% by mass or less.
- the metal element (M) is Co
- the content (mass%) of the Co element is represented by ⁇ (mass of Co element)/(mass of all elements in the composite) ⁇ 100.
- the metal oxide fine particles may be composed of a metal oxide; for example, they may be composed of a single metal oxide or a mixture of two or more metal oxides. good.
- metal oxide (as a material) constituting metal oxide fine particles refers to an oxide containing one type of metal element (M) and an oxide containing two or more types of metal elements (M). It is a general term for oxides containing one or more metal elements (M).
- metal oxides examples include cobalt oxide (CoO x ), nickel oxide (NiO x ), iron oxide (FeO x ), copper oxide (CuO x ), silver oxide (AgO x ), and zirconium oxide (ZrO x ), cerium oxide (CeO x ), aluminum oxide (AlO x ), niobium oxide (NbO x ), titanium oxide (TiO x ), bismuth oxide (BiO x ), molybdenum oxide (MoO x ), vanadium oxide (VO x ) , chromium oxide (CrO x ), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), gallium oxide (GaO x ), etc., and it is preferable that one or more of the above is the main component.
- the average particle diameter of the metal fine particles is preferably 0.08 nm or more and 30.00 nm or less, and 0.08 nm or more and 30.00 nm or less, for both primary particles and secondary particles. .08 nm or more and less than 25.00 nm, 0.40 nm or more and 11.00 nm or less, and 0.80 nm or more and 11.20 nm or less.
- the ratio of the average particle diameter of the metal fine particles to the average inner diameter of the passages of the zeolite compound is preferably 0.05 or more and 300.00 or less, more preferably 0.10 or more and 30.00 or less, and even more preferably is 1.10 or more and 30.00 or less, particularly preferably 1.40 or more and 3.60 or less.
- the metal element (M) of the metal fine particles is preferably contained in an amount of 0.5% by mass or more and 2.5% by mass or less based on the composite, and 0.5% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less based on the composite. More preferably, the content is .5% by mass or less.
- metal fine particles need only be composed of an unoxidized metal, for example, they may be composed of a single metal or a mixture of two or more metals.
- metal (as a material) constituting metal fine particles refers to a single metal containing one type of metal element (M) and a metal alloy containing two or more types of metal elements (M). It is a general term for metals containing one or more metal elements.
- metals examples include platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and iron ( Fe), chromium (Cr), cerium (Ce), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), zirconium (Zr), gallium (Ga), etc., and any of the above It is preferable that one or more of these be the main component.
- the fine particles are preferably metal oxide fine particles.
- the composite exhibits a function corresponding to the fine particles when the fine particles contained in the skeleton come into contact with the fluid. Specifically, fluid that comes into contact with the outer surface of the composite flows into the interior of the skeleton through pores formed on the outer surface, moves inside the skeleton, and flows through other pores formed on the outer surface. Exit to the outside of the skeletal body. When the fluid comes into contact with the microparticles on the path through which the fluid moves within the skeleton, a reaction (eg, a catalytic reaction) occurs depending on the function of the microparticles. Further, since the skeleton has a porous structure, the composite has molecular sieving ability.
- the molecular sieving ability of the complex will be explained using an example in which the fluid is a liquid containing benzene, propylene, and mesitylene.
- the fluid is a liquid containing benzene, propylene, and mesitylene.
- Compounds composed of molecules with a size less than or equal to the size of pores or pores can penetrate into the framework.
- compounds composed of molecules with a size exceeding the size of the pores or pores eg, mesitylene
- the reaction of the compounds that cannot penetrate into the framework is regulated, and the reactions of the compounds that can penetrate into the framework can be made to react.
- fine particles are preferably included in the enlarged diameter portion of the passage.
- the average particle diameter of the fine particles is larger than the average inner diameter of the passage of the zeolite compound and smaller than the inner diameter of the enlarged diameter part, a small passage is formed between the fine particles and the enlarged diameter part.
- the fluid that enters the passageway comes into contact with the particulates. Since the fine particles are included in the enlarged diameter portion, their movement within the zeolite compound is restricted. This prevents agglomeration of fine particles within the zeolite compound of the skeleton. As a result, a large contact area between the particles and the fluid can be stably maintained.
- the fine particles have a catalytic function.
- the fine particles are iron oxide (FeO x ) fine particles and dodecylbenzene, which is heavy oil, is infiltrated into the framework of the composite.
- dodecylbenzene enters the framework, it is decomposed into various alcohols and ketones through oxidative decomposition reactions.
- benzene which is a light oil, is produced from ketone (here, acetophenone), which is one of the decomposition products.
- ketone here, acetophenone
- the composite when used as a catalyst, the composite may be used in the form of a powder, but it is preferably used in the form of a catalyst structure using the composite.
- the catalyst structure may be a molded body formed by molding a predetermined amount of the composite in a predetermined mold, or may be formed by attaching a predetermined amount of the composite to the surface of a support.
- the catalyst structure may contain various additives in addition to the composite.
- a method for producing a composite according to an embodiment includes heat-treating a precursor material having a structure in which metal oxide fine particles or fine particles containing metal fine particles are encapsulated in a SiO 2 -based framework in a high temperature atmosphere in the presence of H 2 O. .
- This precursor material is a precursor material (D) described below.
- the composite manufactured by the method for manufacturing a composite according to the embodiment is the composite according to the embodiment described above.
- Step S1 Preparation process
- a precursor material (A) for obtaining a porous framework containing a crystalline SiO 2 compound is prepared.
- Precursor material (A) is preferably a regular mesopore material, and can be appropriately selected depending on the type of crystalline SiO 2 compound that constitutes the framework of the composite.
- the regular mesoporous material is preferably a compound consisting of an Si-O skeleton in which pores with a pore diameter of 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less are uniformly sized and regularly developed in one, two or three dimensions.
- Such regular mesoporous materials can be obtained as various synthetic products depending on the synthesis conditions, but specific examples of synthetic products include SBA-1, SBA-15, SBA-16, KIT-6, FSM- No. 16, MCM-41, etc., among which MCM-41 is preferred.
- the pore diameter of SBA-1 is 10 nm or more and 30 nm or less
- the pore diameter of SBA-15 is 6 nm or more and 10 nm or less
- the pore diameter of SBA-16 is 6 nm
- the pore diameter of KIT-6 is 9 nm
- the pore diameter of FSM-16 is 3 nm or more and 5 nm or less
- the pore diameter of MCM-41 is 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
- regular mesoporous materials include mesoporous silica, mesoporous aluminosilicate, mesoporous metallosilicate, and the like.
- the precursor material (A) may be either a commercially available product or a synthetic product.
- synthesizing the precursor material (A) it can be performed by a known method for synthesizing regular mesoporous substances. For example, a mixed solution containing a raw material containing the constituent elements of the precursor material (A) and a templating agent for defining the structure of the precursor material (A) is prepared, and the pH is adjusted as necessary. , perform hydrothermal treatment (hydrothermal synthesis). Thereafter, the precipitate (product) obtained by the hydrothermal treatment is collected (e.g., filtered), washed and dried as necessary, and further calcined to form a powdered regular mesoporous material. A precursor material (A) is obtained.
- the solvent for the mixed solution for example, water, an organic solvent such as alcohol, or a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
- the raw material is selected depending on the type of skeleton, and examples thereof include silica agents such as tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), fumed silica, and quartz sand.
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- various surfactants, block copolymers, etc. can be used, and it is preferable to select it depending on the type of composite of the regular mesoporous material.
- a suitable surfactant is hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.
- the hydrothermal treatment can be performed, for example, in a closed container under treatment conditions of 80° C.
- the firing treatment can be performed, for example, in air under treatment conditions of 350° C. or higher and 850° C. or lower for 2 hours or more and 30 hours or less.
- Step S2 Impregnation step
- the prepared precursor material (A) is impregnated with a metal-containing solution to obtain a precursor material (B).
- the metal-containing solution may be any solution containing a metal component (for example, a metal ion) corresponding to the metal element (M) constituting the metal oxide fine particles or metal fine particles of the composite.
- a metal element may be added to the solvent. It can be prepared by dissolving a metal salt containing (M). Examples of such metal salts include metal salts such as chlorides, hydroxides, oxides, sulfates, and nitrates, with nitrates being preferred.
- the solvent for example, water, an organic solvent such as alcohol, or a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
- the method for impregnating the precursor material (A) with the metal-containing solution is not particularly limited, but for example, before the firing step described below, a plurality of metal-containing solutions are impregnated while stirring the powdered precursor material (A). It is preferable to add small amounts in batches.
- a surfactant may be added as an additive to the precursor material (A) before adding the metal-containing solution. It is preferable to add it in advance.
- Such additives have the function of coating the outer surface of the precursor material (A), suppressing the adhesion of the metal-containing solution added thereafter to the outer surface of the precursor material (A), and preventing metal-containing solutions from adhering to the outer surface of the precursor material (A). It is thought that the solution contained therein can more easily penetrate into the pores of the precursor material (A).
- nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, and polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether. These surfactants have a large molecular size and cannot penetrate into the pores of the precursor material (A), so they do not adhere to the inside of the pores and prevent the metal-containing solution from entering the pores. It is thought that it will not interfere.
- the nonionic surfactant is added in an amount of 50% by mass or more and 500% by mass or less based on the precursor material (A) before the firing step described below. is preferred.
- the amount of the nonionic surfactant added to the precursor material (A) is less than 50% by mass, the above-mentioned suppressing effect will be difficult to exhibit, and the amount of the nonionic surfactant added to the precursor material (A) will be less than 50% by mass. Adding more than % by mass is not preferable because the viscosity increases too much. Therefore, it is preferable that the amount of nonionic surfactant added to the precursor material (A) is within the above range.
- the amount of the metal-containing solution added to the precursor material (A) is determined by the amount of the metal element (M) in the metal-containing solution impregnated into the precursor material (A) (i.e., It is preferable to adjust it appropriately by considering the amount of the metal element (M) to be incorporated.
- the amount of the metal-containing solution to be added to the precursor material (A) is determined based on the metal element (M) contained in the metal-containing solution to be added to the precursor material (A).
- the ratio of silicon (Si) constituting the precursor material (A) is preferably adjusted to be 10 or more and 1000 or less, and 50 or more and 200 or less. It is more preferable to adjust.
- the addition of the metal-containing solution to the precursor material (A) By setting the amount to 50 or more and 200 or less in terms of the atomic ratio Si/M, the metal element (M) of the metal oxide fine particles or metal fine particles is 0.5% by mass or more and 2. It can be contained in an amount of 5% by mass or less.
- the amount of the metal element (M) present inside the pores in the state of the precursor material (B) is determined under the same conditions as the metal concentration of the metal-containing solution, the presence or absence of the above additives, and other conditions such as temperature and pressure.
- the amount of the metal element (M) inherent in the precursor material (B) is in a proportional relationship with the amount of the metal element constituting the metal oxide fine particles or metal fine particles inherent in the framework of the composite. Therefore, by controlling the amount of the metal-containing solution added to the precursor material (A) within the above-mentioned range, the metal-containing solution can be sufficiently impregnated into the pores of the precursor material (A). The amount of metal oxide fine particles or metal fine particles contained in the framework of the composite can be adjusted.
- a cleaning treatment may be performed as necessary.
- the cleaning solution water, an organic solvent such as alcohol, or a mixed solution thereof can be used.
- the drying treatment include natural drying for about one night and drying at a high temperature of 150° C. or lower. Note that if the firing treatment described below is performed with a large amount of water contained in the metal-containing solution or water in the cleaning solution remaining in the precursor material (A), the regular mesopores of the precursor material (A) will be removed. Since there is a risk that the skeletal structure of the material may be broken, it is preferable to dry it thoroughly.
- Step S3 Firing process
- the precursor material (B) which is the precursor material (A) impregnated with the metal-containing solution, is fired to obtain the precursor material (C).
- the firing treatment is preferably performed in air under heat treatment conditions of 350° C. or higher and 850° C. or lower for 2 hours or more and 30 hours or less, for example.
- the metal component impregnated into the pores of the regular mesoporous material undergoes crystal growth, and metal oxide fine particles are formed within the pores.
- Step S4 Hydrothermal treatment step
- a mixed solution of the precursor material (C) and a structure-directing agent is prepared, and the precursor material (C) is hydrothermally treated to form a plurality of metal oxide fine particles into the porous structure inherent in the channels.
- a precursor material (D) which is a SiO 2 -based skeleton is obtained.
- the structure-directing agent is a template agent for defining the skeletal structure of the SiO 2 -based skeleton, and for example, a surfactant can be used.
- the structure-directing agent is preferably selected depending on the skeletal structure of the SiO 2 -based framework, and includes surfactants such as tetramethylammonium bromide (TMABr), tetraethylammonium bromide (TEABr), and tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr). is suitable.
- the method for preparing the mixed solution is not particularly limited, and the precursor material (C), the structure-directing agent, and the solvent may be mixed simultaneously, or the precursor material (C) and the structure-directing agent are mixed in the solvent. After the agents are dispersed in individual solutions, the respective dispersion solutions may be mixed.
- the solvent for example, water, an organic solvent such as alcohol, or a mixed solvent thereof can be used.
- the hydrothermal treatment can be carried out by a known method, and for example, it is preferably carried out in a closed container under treatment conditions of 80° C. or more and 800° C. or less, 5 hours or more and 240 hours or less, and more than 101 kPa and 2000 kPa or less. Moreover, it is preferable that the hydrothermal treatment is performed in a basic atmosphere.
- a mixed solution of the precursor material (C) and the structure-directing agent is prepared, and the precursor material (C) is hydrothermally treated.
- the precursor material (C) may be hydrothermally treated without mixing the material (C) and the structure-directing agent.
- the cleaning solution water, an organic solvent such as alcohol, or a mixed solution thereof can be used.
- the drying treatment include natural drying for about one night and drying at a high temperature of 150° C. or lower. Note that if the calcination treatment is performed with a large amount of moisture remaining in the precipitate, the skeleton structure of the precursor material (D) may be broken, so it is preferable to dry the precipitate sufficiently.
- the firing treatment can be performed, for example, in air under treatment conditions of 350° C. or higher and 850° C. or lower for 2 hours or more and 30 hours or less. By such a firing process, the structure directing agent attached to the precursor material (D) is burned off. Further, the precursor material (D) may not require firing of the recovered precipitate depending on the purpose of use.
- Step S5 is an optional step.
- the precursor material (D), which is a SiO 2 -based framework with a porous structure in which a plurality of metal oxide fine particles are included in the channels is subjected to a reduction treatment in an atmosphere of a reducing gas such as hydrogen gas. Through the reduction treatment, the metal oxide fine particles are reduced, and metal fine particles corresponding to the metal elements constituting the metal oxide fine particles are formed. In this way, a precursor material (D) is obtained which is a SiO 2 -based framework with a porous structure in which a plurality of fine metal particles are included in the channels.
- the precursor material (D) contains metal fine particles having an average particle diameter larger than the pore diameter of the SiO 2 -based framework having a porous structure.
- the method for obtaining the precursor material (D) is not limited to the above method.
- Step S6 Heat treatment process
- a precursor material having a structure in which metal oxide fine particles are encapsulated in a SiO 2 -based framework, obtained in step S4, or a precursor material in which metal oxide particles are encapsulated in a SiO 2 -based framework, obtained in step S5, is used.
- a composite can be obtained by heat-treating a precursor material having a structure in a high-temperature atmosphere in the presence of H 2 O.
- the heat treatment of the precursor material (D) it is preferable to heat the precursor material (D) at a temperature of 100°C or more and 1500°C or less in an atmosphere where H2O is present, from the viewpoint of easily controlling the high-temperature atmosphere where H2O is present.
- the prescribed conditions are applied to the precursor material (D) subjected to dry reforming treatment, treatment by a partial oxidation method which is a similar reforming reaction system, steam reforming pretreatment, or heated at 100 ° C. or higher and 1500 ° C. or lower. It is preferable to use steam treatment in which a gas (nitrogen gas, etc.) having a water content of .
- the SiO 2 -based framework with a porous structure may be zeolite or amorphous silica.
- step S6 part or all of the porous SiO 2 -based skeleton in the precursor material (D) undergoes a phase change to a crystalline SiO 2 compound.
- the fine particles inherent in the skeleton are metal oxide fine particles. Further, by subjecting the composite obtained in step S6 to a reduction treatment in an atmosphere of a reducing gas such as hydrogen gas, a composite including a skeleton containing fine metal particles can be obtained. By this reduction treatment, the metal oxide fine particles contained in the skeleton are reduced, and metal fine particles corresponding to the metal elements constituting the metal oxide fine particles are formed.
- a reducing gas such as hydrogen gas
- the composite includes fine particles internal to the skeleton (hereinafter also referred to as internal fine particles), but the composite includes at least one fine particle held on the outer surface of the skeleton (hereinafter referred to as outer (also referred to as fine particles) may further be provided.
- the outer fine particles include metal oxide fine particles or metal fine particles.
- the outer fine particles are substances that perform one or more functions.
- the functions possessed by the outer fine particles may be the same as or different from the functions possessed by the inner fine particles.
- Specific examples of the functions possessed by the outer fine particles are the same as those of the inner fine particles, and among them, it is preferable that the outer fine particles have a catalytic function, and in this case, the outer fine particles are a catalytic substance.
- the material of the outer fine particles may be the same as or different from the material of the inner fine particles. According to such a configuration, the content of the fine particles held in the composite can be increased, and the performance of the fine particles can be further promoted.
- the complex can perform a given reaction stably and safely over a long period of time.
- Example 1 [Synthesis of precursor material (A)] A mixed aqueous solution of a silica agent (tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and a surfactant as a template agent was prepared, the pH was adjusted as appropriate, and the mixture was heated at 100°C in a closed container. Hydrothermal treatment was performed for 100 hours. Thereafter, the generated precipitate was filtered, washed with water and ethanol, and further calcined in air at 600° C. for 24 hours to obtain a precursor material (A), which is MCM-41.
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- CTAB hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide
- a metal salt containing the Ni element was dissolved in water to prepare a metal-containing aqueous solution.
- the metal salt NiOx: nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was used.
- a metal-containing aqueous solution was added in small portions to the powdered precursor material (A) in multiple portions and dried at 105° C. for 12 hours or more to obtain a precursor material (B).
- the amount of the metal-containing aqueous solution added to the precursor material (A) is determined by the ratio of silicon (Si) constituting the precursor material (A) to the metal element (M) contained in the metal-containing aqueous solution ( It was adjusted so that the value when converted into atomic ratio (Si/M) was 100.
- precursor material (B) impregnated with the metal-containing aqueous solution obtained as described above was fired in air at 600° C. for 24 hours to obtain a precursor material (C).
- Example 2 As shown in Table 1, the temperature of the precursor material (D) was raised to 800°C, nitrogen gas with a water content of 6% was passed through the precursor material (D) at a rate of 10 ml/min, and water vapor was heated for 8 days. A composite of Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as Example 1 except that the treatment was performed.
- Example 3 As shown in Table 1, the temperature of the precursor material (D) was raised to 900°C, nitrogen gas with a water content of 2% was passed through the precursor material (D) at a rate of 10 ml/min, and water vapor was heated for 7 days. A composite of Example 3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the treatment was performed.
- precursor material (D) The structure of precursor material (D) was analyzed using an ICP (inductively coupled plasma) emission spectrometer and an XRD device. As a result, the precursor material (D) was an MFI type zeolite containing nickel oxide fine particles, and the nickel oxide fine particles contained 1 wt% of Ni, a metal element, based on the precursor material (D).
- Catalytic activity test As a catalytic activity test of the composite, a dry reforming reaction was performed using each of the composites synthesized above. Specifically, as shown in Table 1, a dry reforming reaction was performed by flowing a mixed gas at a predetermined flow rate and time through a composite body heated to a predetermined temperature. The generated gas was quantitatively analyzed by GC-TCD and GC-FID, and the CO 2 conversion rate (%) on the first and seventh days of the catalyst activity test was measured. The change in the catalytic activity of the composite was calculated by subtracting the CO 2 conversion rate on the 7th day from the CO 2 conversion rate on the 1st day.
- [3] Structure of composite The composite was observed before and after the catalytic activity test using a TEM, and the average particle size of the nickel fine particles or ruthenium fine particles was measured. Furthermore, using an XRD device, the structure of the composite before and after the catalytic activity test was analyzed, and the abundance ratio of cristobalite contained in the composite was measured. The changes in the cristobalite abundance ratio before and after the catalyst activity test were ranked as follows. ⁇ : The difference in cristobalite abundance ratio before and after the catalyst activity test is 30% or more. ⁇ : The difference in cristobalite abundance ratio before and after the catalyst activity test is 3% or more and less than 30%. ⁇ : The difference in cristobalite abundance ratio before and after the catalyst activity test is less than 3%.
- FIG. 1 is an image of pellets obtained by pressure molding a predetermined amount of the composite synthesized in Comparative Example 1 after a catalytic activity test. As described above, the pellets of Comparative Example 1, in which fine particles were present in the outer periphery of zeolite that was not a crystalline SiO 2 compound, cracked in some parts.
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Abstract
Description
[2] 前記結晶性SiO2化合物は、クリストバライト、トリジマイト、石英、スティショバイト、およびコーサイトからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である、上記[1]に記載の複合体。
[3] 前記骨格体における前記結晶性SiO2化合物の存在比が40%以上である、上記[1]または[2]に記載の複合体。
[4] 前記微粒子の平均粒径が0.08nm以上50.00nm以下である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載の複合体。
[5] 前記金属酸化物微粒子の平均粒径は0.10nm以上50.00nm以下である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の複合体。
[6] 前記金属微粒子の平均粒径は0.08nm以上30.00nm以下である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の複合体。
[7] フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成、水蒸気改質、ドライ改質、部分酸化改質、メタノール改質、メタノール合成、水素化分解、接触分解、水素化脱硫、アンモニア分解、アンモニア合成、COシフト反応、逆シフト反応、排ガス浄化、流動接触分解、N2O分解、CO処理、NO分解、揮発性有機物質合成、揮発性有機物質除去、NOx還元、アルカンの脱水素化、オレフィン合成または芳香族合成に用いられる上記[1]~[6]のいずれか1つに記載の複合体。
[8] 上記[1]~[7]のいずれか1つに記載の複合体を用いてなる触媒構造体。
[9] 金属酸化物微粒子または金属微粒子を含む微粒子がSiO2系骨格体に内包された構造を有する前駆体材料を、H2Oが存在する高温雰囲気下で熱処理する、複合体の製造方法。
[10] 前記SiO2系骨格体は、ゼオライトである、上記[9]に記載の複合体の製造方法。
実施形態の複合体は、結晶性SiO2化合物を含む、多孔質構造の骨格体と、骨格体に内在する、金属酸化物微粒子または金属微粒子を含む微粒子とを備える。
・測定条件:装置はD8 ADVANCE(Bruker製)、光源はX線(ターゲット:Cu)、検出器はLYNXEYE/SSD160検出器(1次元半導体)を用いて、反射法により測定する。
・クリストバライトのピーク:22°付近のピーク
・MFI型ゼオライトのピーク:8°付近のピーク
・結晶性SiO2化合物の存在比=(結晶性SiO2化合物のピーク高さ)/(結晶性SiO2化合物のピーク高さ+MFIゼオライトのピーク高さ)×100
したがって、上記のピークは一例であり、各結晶性物質に帰属されるピークを用い、周知の方法でピーク高さを算出し、その比から存在比を求めることができる。
複合体は、骨格体に内在する微粒子が流体と接触することにより、微粒子に応じた機能を発揮する。具体的には、複合体の外表面に接触した流体は、外表面に形成された孔から骨格体の内部に流入し、骨格体の内部を移動し、外表面に形成された他の孔から骨格体の外部へ出る。流体が骨格体内を移動する経路において、微粒子と接触することによって、微粒子の機能に応じた反応(例えば、触媒反応)が生じる。また、骨格体が多孔質構造であることにより、複合体は分子篩能を有する。
次に、実施形態の複合体の製造方法について説明する。実施形態の複合体の製造方法は、金属酸化物微粒子または金属微粒子を含む微粒子がSiO2系骨格体に内包された構造を有する前駆体材料を、H2Oが存在する高温雰囲気下で熱処理する。この前駆体材料は、後述の前駆体材料(D)である。実施形態の複合体の製造方法で製造される複合体は、上記実施形態の複合体である。
先ず、結晶性SiO2化合物を含む多孔質構造の骨格体を得るための前駆体材料(A)を準備する。前駆体材料(A)は、好ましくは規則性メソ細孔物質であり、複合体の骨格体を構成する結晶性SiO2化合物の種類に応じて適宜選択できる。
次に、準備した前駆体材料(A)に、金属含有溶液を含浸させ、前駆体材料(B)を得る。
次に、前駆体材料(A)に金属含有溶液が含浸された前駆体材料(B)を焼成して、前駆体材料(C)を得る。
次に、前駆体材料(C)と構造規定剤とを混合した混合溶液を調製し、前駆体材料(C)を水熱処理して、複数の金属酸化物微粒子を通路に内在する多孔質構造のSiO2系骨格体である前駆体材料(D)を得る。
ステップS5は任意工程である。複数の金属酸化物微粒子を通路に内在する多孔質構造のSiO2系骨格体である前駆体材料(D)を水素ガスなどの還元ガス雰囲気下で還元処理する。還元処理によって、金属酸化物微粒子が還元され、金属酸化物微粒子を構成する金属元素に対応する金属微粒子が形成される。こうして、複数の金属微粒子を通路に内在する多孔質構造のSiO2系骨格体である前駆体材料(D)を得る。前駆体材料(D)は、多孔質構造のSiO2系骨格体の細孔径よりも大きな平均粒子径を有する金属微粒子を内在していることが好ましい。前駆体材料(D)を得る方法は上記の方法に限定されない。
次に、ステップS4で得られた、金属酸化物微粒子がSiO2系骨格体に内包された構造を有する前駆体材料、またはステップS5で得られた、金属微粒子がSiO2系骨格体に内包された構造を有する前駆体材料について、H2Oが存在する高温雰囲気下で熱処理することで、複合体を得ることができる。
上記では、複合体が骨格体に内在する微粒子(以下、内在微粒子ともいう)を備える例を説明しているが、複合体は骨格体の外表面に保持された少なくとも1つの微粒子(以下、外側微粒子ともいう)を更に備えていてもよい。外側微粒子は、金属酸化物微粒子または金属微粒子を含む。
[前駆体材料(A)の合成]
シリカ剤(テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)、和光純薬工業株式会社製)と鋳型剤としての界面活性剤とを混合した混合水溶液を作製し、適宜pH調整を行い、密閉容器内で、100℃、100時間、水熱処理を行った。その後、生成した沈殿物をろ別し、水およびエタノールで洗浄し、さらに600℃、24時間、空気中で焼成してMCM-41である、前駆体材料(A)を得た。なお、界面活性剤は、ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(CTAB)(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を使用した。
次に、Ni元素を含有する金属塩を水に溶解させて、金属含有水溶液を調製した。なお、金属塩は、NiOx:硝酸ニッケル(II)六水和物(和光純薬工業株式会社製)を用いた。次に、粉末状の前駆体材料(A)に、金属含有水溶液を複数回に分けて少量ずつ添加し、105℃で12時間以上乾燥させて、前駆体材料(B)を得た。
上記のようにして得られた前駆体材料(C)と構造規定剤であるテトラプロピルアンモニウムブロミド(TPABr)(東京化成工業株式会社)とを混合して混合水溶液を作製し、密閉容器内で、pHを7.0に調整した後に150℃、72hの条件で、水熱処理を行った。その後、生成した沈殿物をろ別し、水洗し、100℃で12時間以上乾燥させ、さらに600℃、24時間、空気中で焼成して、MFI型ゼオライト構造をもつ骨格体と金属酸化物微粒子とを有する前駆体材料(D)を得た。
続いて、固定床流通式反応器内に前駆体材料(D)0.2gを仕込み、水素ガス流通下、750℃、90分の還元処理を行った。続いて、表1に示すように、前駆体材料(D)を800℃に昇温し、前駆体材料(D)に対して水分含有量1%の窒素ガスを10ml/分で流通させ、90日間の水蒸気処理を行った。こうして、実施例1の複合体を得た。
表1に示すように、前駆体材料(D)を800℃に昇温し、前駆体材料(D)に対して水分含有量6%の窒素ガスを10ml/分で流通させ、8日間の水蒸気処理を行ったこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、実施例2の複合体を得た。
表1に示すように、前駆体材料(D)を900℃に昇温し、前駆体材料(D)に対して水分含有量2%の窒素ガスを10ml/分で流通させ、7日間の水蒸気処理を行ったこと以外、実施例1と同様にして、実施例3の複合体を得た。
ルテニウム(Ru)微粒子を含浸法によりSilicalite―1上に担持させた。Silicalite―1に硝酸Ru溶液(Ru 50g/L:田中貴金属株式会社)を用いて2wt%となるように担持させ、骨格体としてのSilicalite―1の外表面に、Ru微粒子を付着させた複合体を得た。
上記実施例および比較例で得られた前駆体材料(D)および複合体について、下記の測定および評価を行った。結果を表1に示す。
ICP(誘導結合プラズマ)発光分光分析装置およびXRD装置を用いて、前駆体材料(D)の構造を解析した。その結果、前駆体材料(D)は、酸化ニッケル微粒子を内包するMFI型ゼオライトであり、酸化ニッケル微粒子の金属元素であるNiが前駆体材料(D)に対して1wt%含有していた。
複合体の触媒活性試験として、上記で合成した各複合体を用いてドライリフォーミング反応を行った。具体的には、表1に示すように、所定温度に加熱している複合体に対して、混合ガスを所定の流量および時間で流通させて、ドライリフォーミング反応を行った。生成ガスは、GC-TCD、GC-FIDで定量分析を実施し、触媒活性試験の1日目と7日目におけるCO2転化率(%)を測定した。複合体の触媒活性の増減として、1日目のCO2転化率から7日目のCO2転化率を差し引いた値を算出した。
TEMを用いて、触媒活性試験前後の複合体を観察し、ニッケル微粒子またはルテニウム微粒子の平均粒径を測定した。また、XRD装置を用いて、触媒活性試験前後の複合体の構造を解析し、複合体に含まれるクリストバライトの存在比を測定した。そして、触媒活性試験前後のクリストバライト存在比の変化について、以下のランク付けを行った。
×:触媒活性試験前後のクリストバライト存在比の差が30%以上。
○:触媒活性試験前後のクリストバライト存在比の差が3%以上30%未満。
◎:触媒活性試験前後のクリストバライト存在比の差が3%未満。
Claims (10)
- 結晶性SiO2化合物を含む、多孔質構造の骨格体と、
前記骨格体に内在する、金属酸化物微粒子または金属微粒子を含む微粒子と
を備える複合体。 - 前記結晶性SiO2化合物は、クリストバライト、トリジマイト、石英、スティショバイト、およびコーサイトからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の化合物である、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 前記骨格体における前記結晶性SiO2化合物の存在比が40%以上である、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 前記微粒子の平均粒径が0.08nm以上50.00nm以下である、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 前記金属酸化物微粒子の平均粒径は0.10nm以上50.00nm以下である、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 前記金属微粒子の平均粒径は0.08nm以上30.00nm以下である、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- フィッシャー・トロプシュ合成、水蒸気改質、ドライ改質、部分酸化改質、メタノール改質、メタノール合成、水素化分解、接触分解、水素化脱硫、アンモニア分解、アンモニア合成、COシフト反応、逆シフト反応、排ガス浄化、流動接触分解、N2O分解、CO処理、NO分解、揮発性有機物質合成、揮発性有機物質除去、NOx還元、アルカンの脱水素化、オレフィン合成または芳香族合成に用いられる、請求項1に記載の複合体。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の複合体を用いてなる触媒構造体。
- 金属酸化物微粒子または金属微粒子を含む微粒子がSiO2系骨格体に内包された構造を有する前駆体材料を、H2Oが存在する高温雰囲気下で熱処理する、複合体の製造方法。
- 前記SiO2系骨格体は、ゼオライトである、請求項9に記載の複合体の製造方法。
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| JPH09313950A (ja) * | 1996-05-22 | 1997-12-09 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 金属ハロゲン化物担持メソポア材料、金属水酸化物担持メソポア材料、金属酸化物担持メソポア材料、金属担持メソポア材料およびこれらの製造方法 |
| JP2011056328A (ja) | 2008-05-20 | 2011-03-24 | Ibiden Co Ltd | ハニカム構造体 |
| WO2018221707A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-12-06 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 水蒸気改質用触媒構造体、該水蒸気改質用触媒構造体を備える改質装置、及び水蒸気改質用触媒構造体の製造方法 |
| JP2019516655A (ja) * | 2016-05-24 | 2019-06-20 | エクソンモービル ケミカル パテンツ インコーポレイテッド | 触媒金属を含む合成ゼオライト |
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- 2023-03-29 WO PCT/JP2023/013005 patent/WO2023190777A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| JPH09313950A (ja) * | 1996-05-22 | 1997-12-09 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 金属ハロゲン化物担持メソポア材料、金属水酸化物担持メソポア材料、金属酸化物担持メソポア材料、金属担持メソポア材料およびこれらの製造方法 |
| JP2011056328A (ja) | 2008-05-20 | 2011-03-24 | Ibiden Co Ltd | ハニカム構造体 |
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| EP4501450A1 (en) | 2025-02-05 |
| AU2023242519A1 (en) | 2024-10-03 |
| EP4501450A4 (en) | 2025-07-23 |
| JPWO2023190777A1 (ja) | 2023-10-05 |
| KR20240167835A (ko) | 2024-11-28 |
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