WO2023190856A1 - 表面被覆切削工具 - Google Patents
表面被覆切削工具 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023190856A1 WO2023190856A1 PCT/JP2023/013155 JP2023013155W WO2023190856A1 WO 2023190856 A1 WO2023190856 A1 WO 2023190856A1 JP 2023013155 W JP2023013155 W JP 2023013155W WO 2023190856 A1 WO2023190856 A1 WO 2023190856A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/36—Carbonitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45563—Gas nozzles
- C23C16/45578—Elongated nozzles, tubes with holes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/048—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with layers graded in composition or physical properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/10—Coatings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a coated tool).
- a coated tool This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-56507, which is a Japanese patent application filed on March 30, 2022. All contents described in the Japanese patent application are incorporated herein by reference.
- coated tools are known in which a coating layer is formed on the surface of a base material such as tungsten carbide (hereinafter referred to as WC)-based cemented carbide.
- WC tungsten carbide
- Patent Document 1 describes a chemical vapor deposition apparatus that can form a coating layer with a uniform composition on a plurality of substrates placed on a jig. It is said that it is possible to obtain a coated tool having a uniform coating layer with a small difference in the average content of Al or Ti in the coating layers formed on the inner circumference side substrate and the jig outer circumference side substrate respectively. There is.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances and proposals, and it defines the degree of uniformity of the coating layer, so that even in high-speed interrupted cutting, all of a plurality of cutting edges having the same shape can be used sufficiently and uniformly.
- the purpose is to provide a coated tool with a long service life.
- the surface-coated cutting tool includes: It has a base and a coating layer provided on the base, (a) the coating layer includes a composite nitride layer or a composite carbonitride layer of Al and Ti having crystal grains with a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure; (b) The tool has a plurality of cutting edges having the same shape, and on the flank surfaces of all of the cutting edges, the composite nitride layer or composite carbonitride layer of Al and Ti is (Al x Ti 1- x ) (C y N 1-y ) (the average content x avg of x is 0.60 or more and 0.95 or less, the average content y avg of y is 0.0000 or more and 0.0050 or less), (c) On each of the flank surfaces of all of the cutting edges, the crystal grains having a face-centered cubic structure of the NaCl type contained in the coating layer have a 200 diffraction line, as measured using an X-ray d
- the surface-coated cutting tool according to the embodiment may satisfy one or more of the following items (1) to (5).
- TC avg (200) which is the average value of the orientation index TC (200) of the crystal grains having the NaCl type face-centered cubic structure contained in the coating layer on each of the flank surfaces of all the cutting edges; satisfies 1.0 or more and 6.0 or less.
- the average value of the orientation index TC (200) of the crystal grains having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure contained in the coating layer is TC avg (200), and its standard deviation is When is ⁇ TC (200) , ⁇ TC (200) /TC avg (200) is 0.00 or more and 0.10 or less.
- the average particle width W of the columnar crystals of the Al and Ti composite nitride layer or composite carbonitride layer is 0.10 ⁇ m or more and 1.20 ⁇ m or less.
- its average aspect ratio A is 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less.
- the composite nitride layer or composite carbonitride layer of Al and Ti contains chlorine, and the content ratio thereof is 0.005 atomic % or more and 0.500 atomic % or less.
- the surface-coated cutting tool has excellent uniformity of the coating layer, and all of its cutting edges exhibit excellent heat cracking resistance and chipping resistance even in high-speed interrupted cutting of alloy steel, carbon steel, and cast iron.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating an example of a cutting edge ridgeline portion of a cutting edge of an insert. It is a figure which typically explains an example of the corner part of the cutting edge of the cutting edge of an insert.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view showing an example of the arrangement of gas supply pipes of a chemical vapor deposition apparatus for manufacturing a surface-coated cutting tool according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of the device shown in FIG. 3; It is a schematic diagram of the chemical vapor deposition apparatus which manufactured the surface-coated cutting tool of a comparative example.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas supply pipe of the device shown in FIG. 5;
- the coating layer is non-uniform, that is, if the thickness, composition, etc. of the coating layer are non-uniform, the non-uniform portion will become a starting point for fracture, leading to thermal cracks and Chipping occurs.
- the coating layer is not uniform for each cutting edge, the cutting performance of the cutting edges will vary, resulting in differences in durability.
- the present inventor studied variations in cutting performance and differences in durability of each cutting edge.
- a coating layer containing a composite nitride or composite carbonitride of Al and Ti hereinafter, this composite nitride and composite carbonitride may be collectively referred to as AlTiCN
- the ⁇ 111 ⁇ plane preferential orientation was achieved.
- crystal grains and crystal grains with ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane preferential orientation coexist, or, If there are crystal grains with ⁇ 100 ⁇ plane preferential orientation that tend to contain hexagonal crystal grains at grain boundaries, the growth rate of the crystal grains will differ depending on the orientation and crystal system, so one coated tool will have multiple cutting edges.
- the present inventor studied film formation using the vapor deposition apparatus described in Patent Document 1. As a result, even if this vapor deposition equipment is used, coated tools with multiple cutting edges including coating layers with different crystal grain growth rates as described above will have different thicknesses, orientations, and crystallinity of the coating layers on the flank surfaces. It was recognized that uniformity cannot be fully equalized. In other words, when this coated tool is used for high-speed interrupted cutting of carbon steel, cast iron, and alloy steel, it is impossible to prevent the occurrence of cutting edges that have a shorter service life than other cutting edges among multiple cutting edges. It was recognized that uniform durability may not be achieved in some cases.
- a coated tool with multiple cutting edges having a coating layer containing grains with different growth rates can achieve uniform thermal cracking resistance in high-speed interrupted cutting of carbon steel, cast iron, and alloy steel.
- the allowable limits permissible degree of non-uniformity
- the physical properties required of this coating layer are also discussed. I gained knowledge.
- high-speed intermittent cutting refers to cutting that is faster than the cutting speed normally performed by those skilled in the art, and in which the cutting edge of the cutting tool repeatedly cuts and idles.
- a longitudinal section refers to a cross section perpendicular to the surface of the substrate when the insert is treated as a flat surface, ignoring minute irregularities on the surface of the substrate.
- the surface of the substrate is defined as the average line (straight line) of the interface roughness between the substrate and the coating layer in an observed image of a longitudinal section.
- a direction perpendicular to this average line is defined as a direction perpendicular to the substrate (thickness direction of the coating layer).
- the cutting edge refers to the part that comes into contact with the workpiece when actually subjected to cutting.
- the covering layer of this embodiment includes an AiTiCN layer. This layer will be explained in detail below.
- the AlTiCN layer contained in the coating layer is formed on the flank surfaces of all the cutting edges.
- the area ratio of crystal grains having a NaCl type face-centered cubic structure in the longitudinal section of the flank coating layer is preferably 50 area % or more, more preferably 70 area % or more. preferable. The reason for this is that if the area ratio is 50 area % or more, the above-mentioned problem can be solved, but if it is less than 70 area %, the hardness may become low and the wear resistance may become insufficient.
- all of the crystal grains may have a NaCl type face-centered cubic structure (may be 100 area %).
- the presence or absence of NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure crystal grains constituting the AlTiCN layer can be determined by, for example, microscopic X-ray diffraction measurement (example of measurement conditions: Cu-K ⁇ radiation, output 50 kV, 22 mA, step size 0. 02mm, scan step time 300sec, detection distance 150mm, collimator diameter 100 ⁇ m ⁇ ). It can be confirmed by the presence or absence of X-ray diffraction peaks appearing between diffraction angles (for example, 36.66-38.53°, 43.59-44.77°, 61.81-65.18°).
- the presence or absence of NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure crystal grains constituting the AlTiCN layer can be determined by using the method for determining the area ratio of NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure crystal grains constituting the AlTiCN layer described below. You can also check.
- the measurement location is preferably an observation field in the vicinity of the measurement position (within a radius of 50 ⁇ m from this measurement position) where the average value (Lm) of the thickness of the AlTiCN layer on the flank surface, which will be described later, is determined for each cutting edge.
- the procedure for measuring the area ratio of crystal grains having a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure is as follows. First, identify grain boundaries. That is, a vertical cross section is polished to obtain a surface polished surface, and using a crystal orientation analyzer attached to a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the normal direction of the surface polished surface is determined, for example. While irradiating an electron beam tilted by 0.5 degrees or more and 1.0 degrees or less, the electron beam is scanned at an arbitrary beam diameter and interval to each measurement point, and the electron beam is continuously emitted. Capture the diffraction pattern.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the presence or absence of a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure and its crystal orientation can be determined. Then, for example, grain boundaries are determined as described below for an observation field of view set to have a width of 2000 nm and a height that includes the entire thickness of the coating layer.
- the acquisition conditions for the electron diffraction pattern used in the measurement were, for example, an accelerating voltage of 200 kV, a camera length of 20 cm, a beam size of 2.4 nm, and a measurement step of 10.0 nm in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the measured crystal orientation is obtained by examining the measurement surface discretely, and by representing the region up to the middle between adjacent measurement points with the measurement results, it is obtained as the orientation distribution of the entire measurement surface. be.
- the area represented by the measurement point (hereinafter sometimes referred to as pixel) may be square-shaped.
- a single pixel that has an orientation difference of 5 degrees or more from all adjacent pixels, or where there is no adjacent measurement point with an NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure is not considered a crystal grain, and two or more pixels or more are treated as crystal grains. In this way, grain boundaries are determined and crystal grains are identified.
- the area ratio of the NaCl-type crystal grains having a face-centered cubic structure is determined as the ratio of the total area of the identified NaCl-type crystal grains having a face-centered cubic structure to the total area of the observation field. calculate. Similar measurements are made in five or more observation fields for each cutting edge, and the average value of the measurement results for all cutting edges is taken as the area ratio of the crystal grains of the NaCl type face-centered cubic structure constituting the AlTiCN layer.
- the AlTiCN layer On each of the flank surfaces of all the cutting edges, the AlTiCN layer has the following composition: (Al x Ti 1-x ) (C y N 1-y ), (average content of x avg is 0. 60 or more and 0.95 or less, and the average content of y avg is preferably 0.0000 or more and 0.0050 or less).
- x avg is set in this range. if x avg is less than 0.60, it is undesirable because heat cracking resistance decreases, and on the other hand, if x avg exceeds 0.95, it is undesirable because wear resistance decreases. It is. Further, the reason why y avg is set in this range is that when it is in this range, lubricity is improved, the impact during cutting is alleviated, and chipping resistance is improved. When this average content x avg is 0.75 or more and 0.95 or less, the above-mentioned properties can be exhibited even more excellently.
- the measurement location is preferably an observation field near the measurement position (within a radius of 50 ⁇ m from this measurement position) where the average thickness (Lm) of the AlTiCN layer on the flank surface, which will be described later, is determined for each cutting edge.
- the content (x) of Al in the total amount of Al and Ti for example, using an electron probe micro analyzer (EPMA), the content (x) of Al in the vicinity of the measurement position of the longitudinal section where the surface of the coating layer is polished is determined.
- EPMA electron probe micro analyzer
- an electron beam is irradiated from the surface side of the longitudinal section, and the obtained characteristic X-ray is determined by averaging 10 points of the analysis results.
- an electron beam is irradiated from the longitudinal section of the polished surface near the measurement position on the longitudinal section of the coating layer using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and the layer is It can also be determined from the analysis results of the Al and Ti compositions obtained by line analysis in the thickness direction.
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- C content for example, secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) is performed on a 70 ⁇ m x 70 ⁇ m area of the polished surface of the coating layer parallel to the substrate surface near the measurement position.
- the C concentration in the depth direction is measured, and the average value is obtained.
- these average values are measured at multiple locations (for example, 3 locations) in each of the coating layers on all the cutting edges of the same shape existing in one coated tool, and all these measurement results are averaged. Therefore, y avg .
- the ratio between (Al x Ti 1-x ) and (C y N 1-y ) is not particularly limited, but when (Al x Ti 1-x ) is 1, (C y N 1-y ) is preferably 0.8 or more and 1.2 or less. The reason is that if the ratio of (C y N 1-y ) to (Al x Ti 1-x ) is within the above range, the above objective can be achieved more reliably.
- the AlTiCN layer contains a trace amount of unavoidable impurities such as oxygen (impurities that are unintentionally included), there is no problem in achieving the above-mentioned purpose.
- the reason for this is that there is no variation in the average value of the 200 diffraction line intensity values, that is, it is preferable that the standard deviation ⁇ is 0 (no), so the lower limit of ⁇ I (200) / I (200) is 0.
- ⁇ I (200) /I avg (200) exceeds 0.20, the crystallinity and uniformity of orientation of each cutting edge decreases, and the heat cracking resistance when subjected to high-speed interrupted cutting decreases. This is because the uniformity of chipping resistance decreases.
- the 200 diffraction line refers to a reflection that is indexed as 200 when XRD analysis is performed.
- the average value I avg (200) of the 200 diffraction line intensity values of the NaCl-type crystal grains having a face-centered cubic structure and its standard deviation ⁇ I (200) are calculated as follows for each cutting edge, for example. You can ask for it. Measure the X-ray diffraction pattern by microscopic X-ray diffraction measurement (example of measurement conditions: Cu-K ⁇ ray, output 50 kV, 22 mA, step size 0.02 mm, scan step time 300 sec, detection distance 150 mm, collimator diameter 100 ⁇ m ⁇ ), 200 diffraction line intensity value is determined. In this way, I (200) is obtained for each cutting edge, and I avg (200) is obtained by averaging it. Note that the measurement position is a line segment of 500 ⁇ m from the edge of the blade edge, and a position near the center of the line segment translated by 100 ⁇ m in the flank direction.
- L avg is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 20.0 ⁇ m or less. The reason is that within this range, sufficient wear resistance can be ensured and excellent chipping resistance can be achieved. Further, when this L avg is 3.0 ⁇ m or more and 15.0 ⁇ m or less, the above-mentioned characteristics can be exhibited even more excellently.
- the cutting edge ridgeline at the cutting edge is defined as the cutting edge ridgeline when the rake face (1) and flank face (2) are each approximated by a straight line (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an approximate straight line), as shown in Fig. 1.
- the coating layer closest to the intersection of the approximate straight line in the area connecting the straight line and the point where the bend starts i.e., the area from the bending point of the rake face to the bending point of the flank face on the coating layer surface. This is a point on the surface (point indicated by a dotted arrow).
- a coated tool including a plurality of cutting edges of the same shape in one coated tool is targeted, and in all the cutting edges, the coating layer on a line 100 ⁇ m away from the cutting edge ridge in the direction of the flank surface.
- the average thickness Lm, the average value L avg and standard deviation ⁇ L of this Lm are determined as follows.
- the cutting edge ridgeline is the cutting edge ridgeline (3) of the main cutting edge.
- a line 100 ⁇ m away from the cutting edge ridgeline in the flank direction means the cutting edge ridgeline of the main cutting edge that passes through a point 100 ⁇ m away in the flank direction starting from an arbitrary point on the cutting edge ridgeline (3) of the main cutting edge. (3) On a straight line parallel to.
- a line segment of 500 ⁇ m is selected from above the cutting edge ridgeline (3), and a plurality of line segments spaced apart by a predetermined length from each other on the line segment obtained by translating the line segment by 100 ⁇ m in the direction of the flank surface are selected.
- the thickness of the coating layer is measured by selecting a point, and the average value Lm is obtained.
- the plurality of points on the line segment mentioned above that are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined length can be, for example, four points spaced apart by 30 ⁇ m, but it is preferable to select a larger number of measurement points.
- Lm is determined for each cutting edge, and L avg is determined by averaging them.
- a cross section polisher (CP) or the like is used to prepare a sample for observation of the longitudinal cross section of the coating layer, and the cross section is subjected to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). ) to observe.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the AlTiCN layer contains columnar crystals and changes in the content of Al and Ti, and the content (ratio) of Al in the total amount of Ti and Al in this content change. It is preferable that the maximum value x max and minimum value x min of (x) satisfy 0.02 ⁇ x max ⁇ x min ⁇ 0.40.
- the columnar crystals refer to crystal grains of the AlTiCN layer that have an aspect ratio A (the definition will be described later) of 1.5 or more.
- the coated tool has improved heat cracking resistance and chipping resistance. However, if it is less than 0.02, this improvement is not sufficient, and if it is larger than 0.40, the strain within the crystal grains constituting the AiTiCN layer becomes too large, resulting in poor thermal cracking resistance and chipping resistance of the coated tool. decreases.
- regions containing changes in Al and Ti content are preferably 50 area % or more, and 70 area % or more in the longitudinal section of the AlTiCN layer. It is more preferable. The reason for this is that if the area containing changes in Al and Ti content is 50 area% or more, the above-mentioned problem can be solved, but if it is less than 70 area%, the heat resistance of the coated tool when subjected to high-speed interrupted cutting is This is because cracking resistance and chipping resistance may decrease.
- the region including a change in the content of Al and Ti may be 100% by area in the longitudinal section of the coating layer.
- the coating layer in the area including the maximum value x max and minimum value x min of the content of Al in the total amount of Ti and Al and the change in the content of Al and Ti.
- the area ratio occupied by the area can be determined, for example, as follows.
- the longitudinal section of the coating layer is observed at an appropriate magnification of 160,000 times to 320,000 times.
- the content of Al and Ti is changed over the entire rectangular observation field, which is set to include the entire thickness of the coating layer and has a width of 2 ⁇ m or more in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate.
- the content (x) of Al in the total amount of Ti and Al is determined.
- the observation field of view is preferably in the vicinity of the measurement position (within a circle with a radius of 50 ⁇ m from this measurement position) where the average value (Lm) of the thickness of the AlTiCN layer on the flank surface of each cutting edge is determined.
- the region including a change in content of Al and Ti refers to a region in which crystal grains determined to include a change in content of Al and Ti are grouped together (summed). Then, the respective average values of the maximum value x max * and minimum value x min * measured at each crystal grain are defined as the maximum value x max and minimum value x min at a certain cutting edge.
- the region including changes in Al and Ti content there is a difference of +1% or more with respect to the average value (x avg *) (high Al content region), and a region with a difference of -1% or more.
- the regions containing low Al content are distributed in a network, layered, or granular manner.
- the minimum value of the distance between the outer edges of high Al content regions separated by low Al content regions or between the outer edges of low Al content regions separated by high Al content regions is 1 nm or more and less than 50 nm. More preferably.
- the reason for this is that if the minimum interval between changes in Al and Ti content is within this range, the heat cracking resistance and chipping resistance of the coated tool will improve, but if it is less than 1 nm, the improvement in heat cracking resistance will not be sufficient. This is because if the thickness is 50 nm or more, the improvement in chipping resistance may not be sufficient.
- the ratio of the total area of the crystal grains determined to include the change in the content of Al and Ti in the observation field is the ratio of the area that the region including the change in the content of Al and Ti occupies in the coating layer. .
- TC avg (200) is less than 1.0, the heat cracking resistance at each cutting edge when subjected to high-speed interrupted cutting may decrease.
- TC avg (200) is 1.0 or more and 3.4 or less, there is an excellent balance between heat cracking resistance and wear resistance, and when TC avg (200) is over 3.5 and 6.0 or less has excellent heat cracking resistance.
- the variation in orientation index TC(200) ⁇ TC(200) /TC avg (200) satisfies 0.00 or more and 0.10 or less.
- the reason is that if ⁇ TC (200) / TC avg (200) is larger than 0.10, the uniformity of heat cracking resistance and chipping resistance at each cutting edge may decrease when subjected to high-speed interrupted cutting. It's for a reason.
- the orientation index TC (200) is determined as follows. That is, when a single coated tool includes multiple cutting edges, for each cutting edge, select a line segment of 500 ⁇ m from the cutting edge ridgeline, and then select a line segment of 100 ⁇ m parallel to the flank direction to The measurement position is near the center. At this measurement position, the X-ray diffraction pattern is measured by minute X-ray diffraction measurement (example of measurement conditions: Cu-K ⁇ ray, output 50 kV, 22 mA, detection distance 150 mm, collimator diameter 100 ⁇ m ⁇ ).
- the orientation index TC (200) is calculated, and the average value at each cutting edge is set as TC avg (200), and each standard Find the deviation ⁇ TC (200) .
- I (200) measured value of X-ray diffraction peak intensity in the 200 diffraction line
- I 0 (200) average value of the standard X-ray diffraction peak intensity in the 200 diffraction line of the AlN crystal plane described in JCPDS card 00-046-1200
- the average value of the standard diffraction peak intensities of each of AlN and AlN]) is the sum of the values.
- the AlTiCN layer includes columnar crystals on the flank surfaces of all the cutting edges, and the average particle width W of the columnar crystals in the longitudinal section is 0.1 ⁇ m or more. It is more preferable that the average aspect ratio A is 0 ⁇ m or less, and the average aspect ratio A is 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less.
- the average aspect ratio A becomes a crystal smaller than 2.0, the interface tends to become a fracture starting point for the shear stress generated on the surface of the AlTiCN layer during cutting, which may cause chipping. Furthermore, if the average aspect ratio A exceeds 10.0, minute chipping occurs on the cutting edge during cutting, and when adjacent columnar crystal structures are chipped, the resistance to shear stress generated on the surface of the AlTiCN layer increases. It is easy to become small, and the columnar crystal structure breaks, causing damage to progress all at once, and large chipping may occur.
- the crystal grains having the NaCl type face-centered cubic structure at each cutting edge will be described.
- a longitudinal section of the AlTiCN layer is polished by the above-described method.
- the observation field is near the measurement position (within a circle with a radius of 50 ⁇ m from this measurement position) where the average thickness (Lm) of the AlTiCN layer on the flank face is determined for each cutting edge, and the entire thickness of the coating layer is measured.
- the crystal grains are rectangular and have a size that includes 20 or more crystal grains having a NaCl type face-centered cubic structure.
- grain boundaries are determined and crystal grains are identified.
- image analysis is performed, and at a certain cutting edge k, the maximum length H ik in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate (the surface of the substrate is treated as a flat surface) at the grain ik, and the maximum length H ik in the direction parallel to the substrate at the grain ik.
- the grain width W ik which is the maximum length, and the area S ik of the crystal grain ik are measured.
- the aspect ratio A jk (1 ⁇ i ⁇ jk, jk ⁇ 20) is determined for 20 or more crystals within the observation field according to the above definition, and the area weighted average is calculated using [Equation 4]. It is determined as the average aspect ratio Ak at a certain cutting edge k.
- the AlTiCN layer may contain chlorine (Cl), and when it contains, the average content thereof is preferably 0.005 atomic % or more and 0.500 atomic % or less.
- the average content rate of Cl is (Number of Cl atoms)/(Number of Cl atoms + Number of Al atoms + Number of Ti atoms + Number of C atoms + Number of N atoms) x 100 It is defined by
- the reason why the average content ratio when containing chlorine is set to the above range is that within this range, the lubricity can be reliably improved without reducing the toughness of the AlTiCN layer.
- the average content rate of chlorine in the AlTiCN layer is determined as follows. For example, using an electron-probe-micro-analyser (EPMA), an electron beam is irradiated on a longitudinal section with a polished surface, and the characteristic X-ray analysis results show that chlorine content is detected. Find the percentage.
- the observation field of view is preferably near the measurement position (within a circle with a radius of 50 ⁇ m from the measurement point) where the average thickness (Lm) of the AlTiCN layer on the flank face is determined for each cutting edge, and exists within one coated tool. In the coating layer on all the cutting edges of the same shape, a plurality of locations (for example, three locations) are observed, and the average chlorine content rate for each cutting edge is determined.
- the lower layer AlTiCN layer alone has sufficient durability, but Ti nitride layer, carbide layer, carbonitride layer (the composition of these layers is not limited to the stoichiometric composition. Any known A lower layer consisting of one or more Ti compound layers having the following composition and having a total average thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less is adjacent to the substrate and an AlTiN layer. It may be provided in between. The lower layer improves the adhesion between the AlTiCN layer and the substrate.
- Upper layer On top of the AlTiCN layer, one or more Ti compound layers selected from a Ti nitride layer, a carbide layer, a carbonitride layer, and an oxide layer, and an aluminum oxide layer (the compositions of these layers are stoichiometric)
- An upper layer may be provided having a total average thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 4.0 ⁇ m or less. The top layer provides durability.
- both the lower layer and the upper layer be formed according to the method for manufacturing the AlTiCN layer described later to eliminate variations from one cutting edge to another.
- unintended layers due to fluctuations in gas pressure or temperature changes in the film forming apparatus such as when switching film forming gases, unintended layers other than the AlTiCN layer, lower layer, and upper layer may be formed.
- Base (1) Materials Any conventionally known substrate of this type can be used as the substrate, as long as it does not interfere with achieving the above object.
- Examples include WC-based cemented carbide (WC containing Co and also containing carbonitrides such as Ti, Ta, and Nb), cermets (mainly containing TiC, TiN, TiCN, etc.) (components, etc.), ceramics (titanium carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide), and cBN sintered bodies.
- Shape There are no particular restrictions on the shape of the base as long as it can be used as a cutting tool, and examples include the shape of an insert and the shape of a drill.
- AlTiCN layer according to the present embodiment can be manufactured using, for example, the following film forming gas and film forming apparatus.
- Composition, etc. of film-forming gas examples of reactive gas compositions, etc. are as follows. Note that the gas composition is the sum of the compositions of gas group A and gas group B as 100% by volume, and is hereinafter abbreviated as %.
- Gas group A Gas composition TiCl 4 : 0.07-0.40%, AlCl 3 : 0.20-1.29%, N 2 : 0.0 to 10.0%, C 2 H 4 : 0.0 to 0.5%, H 2 : remainder
- Gas group B Gas composition NH 3 : 1.00-4.40%, H 2 : 25.0-35.0%
- Gas supply time per cycle 0.15 to 0.25 seconds Phase difference between supply of gas group A and supply of gas group B: 0.10 to 0.20 seconds
- the film forming gas composition, reaction atmosphere pressure, reaction atmosphere temperature, supply cycle, gas supply time per cycle, and phase difference between supply of gas group A and supply of gas group B
- a film forming apparatus equipped with a gas ejection pipe (7) shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be exemplified.
- This film-forming device is for coated tools with four cutting edges, and the distance between all parts of the cutting blades is the same from the tip of the gas ejection pipe (gas supply section) of the film-forming device.
- the film-forming gas is injected at the same timing toward the four flanks.
- the base body (6) is placed on a plate-shaped jig (not shown), and gas is ejected in four directions in the space between the gas ejection pipes.
- a spacer is installed between the plate-shaped jig and the substrate to create a gap, and then no part of the cutting blade is exposed to the film forming equipment. They may be arranged so that the distance from the tip of the gas supply pipe is the same.
- a surface-coated cutting tool having a base body and a coating layer provided on the base body, (1)
- the coating layer includes a composite nitride layer or a composite carbonitride layer of Al and Ti having crystal grains with a NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure, (2)
- the inside of the tool has a plurality of cutting edges of the same shape, and on the flank surfaces of all the cutting edges, the composite nitride layer or composite carbonitride layer of Al and Ti is (Al x Ti 1 -x ) (C y N 1-y ) (average content x avg of x is 0.60 or more and 0.95 or less, average content y avg of y is 0.0000 or more and 0.0050 or less).
- the crystal grains having a face-centered cubic structure of the NaCl type contained in the coating layer have a 200 diffraction line, as measured using an X-ray diffraction device;
- the average value of 200 diffraction line intensity values is I(200) and its standard deviation is ⁇ I(200)
- ⁇ I(200) /I(200) satisfies 0.00 or more and 0.20 or less.
- the thickness Lm of the coating layer on a line 100 ⁇ m away from the cutting edge ridge in the direction of the flank the average value of Lm for all the cutting edges, L avg , standard
- the composite nitride layer or composite carbonitride layer of Al and Ti includes columnar crystals, and the average of the maximum value x max * of X in the columnar crystals.
- a surface-coated cutting tool characterized by: (Additional note 2) On each of the flank surfaces of all the cutting edges, TC avg (200), which is the average value of the orientation index TC (200) of the crystal grains having the NaCl-type face-centered cubic structure contained in the coating layer, is 1.
- the surface-coated cutting tool according to Supplementary Note 1 which satisfies 0 or more and 6.0 or less.
- the average value of the orientation index TC (200) of the crystal grains having the NaCl type face-centered cubic structure contained in the coating layer is defined as TC avg (200), and the standard The surface described in appendix 1 or appendix 2, characterized in that when the deviation is ⁇ TC (200) , ⁇ TC (200) /TC avg (200) satisfies 0.00 or more and 0.10 or less. Coated cutting tools.
- Supplementary note 1 to 1 Supplementary note 1 to 1, characterized in that on each of the flank surfaces of all of the cutting edges, a region in which the content of Al and Ti contained in the coating layer changes exists in an area of 70% or more in a longitudinal section of the coating layer. 3.
- the surface-coated cutting tool according to any one of 3. (Appendix 5) On each of the flank surfaces of all of the cutting edges, the average particle width W of the columnar crystals of the Al and Ti composite nitride layer or composite carbonitride layer contained in the coating layer is 0.10 ⁇ m or more and 1.20 ⁇ m or less.
- WC powder, TiC powder, ZrC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, Cr 3 C 2 powder, TiN powder, and Co powder were prepared as raw material powders, and these raw material powders were blended into the composition shown in Table 1.
- an AlTiCN layer was formed on the surfaces of these substrates A to F by the CVD method using the film forming apparatus whose gas ejection tube arrangement is shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 under the film forming conditions shown in Table 2.
- Examples 1 to 27 shown in Tables 7 and 8 were obtained.
- the average thickness Lm of the coating layer on a line 100 ⁇ m apart from the cutting edge ridge in the flank direction is determined by selecting four points separated by 30 ⁇ m from the plurality of points spaced apart by a predetermined length. The average value Lm was obtained. Lm was determined for all cutting edges, and Lavg was determined by averaging them.
- Examples 1 to 27 had a lower layer or a lower layer and an upper layer as shown in Table 4, and these layers were formed under the film forming conditions shown in Table 3.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 15 had a lower layer or a lower layer and an upper layer as shown in Table 6, and these layers were formed under the film forming conditions shown in Table 3.
- the bell-shaped reaction vessel (11) had a diameter of 250 mm and a height of 750 mm.
- a heater capable of heating the inside of the reaction vessel (11) from 700°C to 1050°C was used as the external heater (12).
- a ring-shaped jig (13) with an outer diameter of 220 mm and a center hole with a diameter of 65 mm formed in the center was used as the tray.
- the base bodies are placed on the outer circumferential side of the jig, and the base bodies A to F are placed at intervals of 20 mm along the radial direction of the jig (13), and at approximately equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the jig (13). It was placed so that
- the gas supply pipe (14) had the configuration shown in FIG. 6, and was rotated about the rotation axis (16) shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 during film formation.
- the gas jet ports provided in the gas supply pipe (14) and located adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are gas group A jet ports and gas group B jet ports, as shown in FIG.
- Each of them has one hole (the ejection hole (18)) or two holes (the ejection hole (19) and the ejection hole (20)), and the ejection ports that belong to the group of ejection ports in the same gas group flow section are When two holes (a spout hole (19) and a spout hole (20)) were present, their relative positions were determined by their angle ⁇ , as shown in FIG.
- gas group A jet ports and gas group B jet ports which are located adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction is provided for the space (15) between the trays on which the base bodies are placed in FIG.
- the flow rates of the gases of gas group A and gas group B ejected per tray were as shown in Table 5.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the form of film formation on one substrate, by stacking jigs with this configuration in the height direction, it becomes possible to form coating layers on a plurality of tools.
- Tables 7, 8, 9, and 10 show the compositions of Examples 1 to 27 and Comparative Examples 1 to 15, the area ratio of the NaCl type face-centered cubic structure, the average thickness of the flank surface, the change in Al and Ti content, and the flank surface. Shows the orientation index, average particle diameter, and aspect ratio.
- the measured values k for each cutting edge are distinguished by numbers 1 to 4.
- the "spout angle” refers to ⁇ in FIG. 6, and "-" indicates that there is only one jet port, so no angle is formed.
- ⁇ corresponds to "Are all cutting edges 70 area% or more”
- x means that one or more cutting edges have an area % or more of 50 area% or more and less than 70 area%.
- “-” indicates that measurement was not possible. Further, in the column “Does it exist at all cutting edges?", “ ⁇ ” indicates that it is applicable, “x” indicates that it is not applicable, and “-” indicates that it could not be measured.
- Presence in network, layered, or granular form means "region in which the difference in the average value (x avg *) is +1% or more in the region including changes in Al and Ti content. (high Al content area) and the area (low Al content area) that has a difference of -1% or more is distributed in a network, layered, or granular form, and ⁇ '' indicates that the distribution is "-" indicates that the distribution is not distributed, and "the minimum value of the distance between the outer edges of each region” means “the distance between the outer edges of a high Al-containing region separated by a low-Al containing region.” , or the minimum distance between the outer edges of low Al content regions separated by high Al content regions.
- “ ⁇ ” in the column “Is it 0.02 or more and 0.40 or less for all cutting edges?" indicates that it is applicable, "x” indicates that it is not applicable, and "-” in other columns indicates that it cannot be measured. It shows that
- each of the various substrates A to C was attached to the tip of an alloy steel cutter with a cutter diameter of 80 mm using a fixing jig.
- Cutting test 1 which is a dry high-speed face milling center cut cutting process of carbon steel, was carried out using single-blade cutting with clamping.
- the flank wear width of the cutting edge is measured for all four cutting edges of each tool base every minute of cutting, and the cutting time at which the flank wear width reaches 0.2 mm or more, which is the life judgment standard, is determined by the cutting edge. It was measured as the time it took to reach this point. Then, the average and standard deviation were calculated. Table 11 shows the results of cutting test 1.
- Cutting test 1 Dry high-speed face milling, center cut cutting Cutter diameter: 80 mm, single-blade cutting Work material: JIS S45C width 60 mm, length 200 mm block material Rotation speed: 1393/min Cutting speed: 350m/min Cut: 2.0mm Single blade feed rate: 0.2mm/blade (normal cutting speed is 200m/min)
- the cutting time (minutes) leading to the end of life represents the time (minutes) required to reach the end of life due to chipping before reaching the flank wear width.
- each of the various coated substrates D to F (ISO standard CNMG120412 shape) was screwed to the tip of an alloy steel cutting tool using a fixing jig.
- Cutting Test 2 which is dry high-speed interrupted cutting of ductile cast iron, was conducted as shown below.
- the flank wear width of the cutting edge is measured every 0.5 minutes of cutting at all four cutting edges of the acute corner cutting edges on the upper and lower surfaces of each tool base, and the flank wear width is used as the life judgment criterion.
- the cutting time required to reach 0.3 mm or more was measured as the time required to reach the end of life. Then, the average and standard deviation were calculated. Table 12 shows the results of cutting test 2.
- Cutting test 2 Dry high-speed interrupted cutting Work material: JIS FCD700 4 vertically grooved round bars equally spaced in the length direction Cutting speed: 400 m/min Depth: 1.0mm Feed: 0.2mm/rev (Usually cutting speed is 150 to 200m/min)
- the cutting time (minutes) leading to the end of life represents the time (minutes) required to reach the end of life due to chipping before reaching the flank wear width.
- Cutting test 3 Dry high speed face milling, center cut cutting Cutter diameter: 80 mm, single blade cutting Work material: JIS SCM440 width 60 mm, length 200 mm block material Rotation speed: 1592/min Cutting speed: 400m/min Cut: 2.0mm Single blade feed rate: 0.2mm/blade (normal cutting speed is 200m/min)
- the cutting time (minutes) leading to the end of life represents the time (minutes) required to reach the end of life due to chipping before reaching the flank wear width.
- the AlTiCN layer has a uniform thickness and structure at each cutting edge, and all cutting edges have a uniform thickness and structure. It has excellent heat cracking and chipping resistance, so even when used for high-speed interrupted cutting of carbon steel, cast iron, and alloy steel, there will be no thermal cracking or chipping at any cutting edge. , exhibits excellent wear resistance over a long period of time.
- each of the examples has a longer average service life than any of the comparative examples, and exhibits uniform and excellent cutting performance with small variations.
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Abstract
Description
そして、被覆工具が有する複数の切削刃先が均一な切削性を有することを目的として、被覆層の組成等を均一とするために工夫がなされている。
基体と該基体上に設けられている被覆層を有し、
(a)前記被覆層は、NaCl型の面心立方構造の結晶粒を有するAlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層を含み、
(b)前記工具は複数の同一形状の切削刃先を有し、その全ての切削刃先の逃げ面において、前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層は、(AlxTi1-x)(CyN1-y)(xの平均含有量xavgが0.60以上、0.95以下、yの平均含有量yavgが0.0000以上、0.0050以下)であり、
(c)前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、X線回折装置を用いて測定した、前記被覆層に含まれる前記NaCl型の面心立方構造を有する結晶粒が200回折線を有し、200回折線強度値の平均値をIavg(200)とし、その標準偏差をσI(200)とするとき、σI(200)/Iavg(200)が0.00以上、0.20以下を満足し、
(d)前記全ての切削刃先のそれぞれにおいて、切削刃先稜線部から逃げ面方向に100μm離れた線上の前記被覆層の厚さLm、その全ての切削刃先における前記Lmの平均値をLavg、標準偏差をσLとするとき、σL/Lavgが0.00以上、0.20以下を満足し、
(e)前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層が、柱状晶を含み、該柱状晶における前記Xの最大値xmax*の平均値であるxmaxと前記Xの最小値xmin*の平均値であるxminが0.02≦xmax-xmin≦0.40を満足する領域を有する
あるいは、
六方晶の結晶粒を粒界等に含みやすい{100}面優先配向した結晶粒が存在すると、配向や結晶系の違いによって結晶粒の成長速度が異なるため、一つの被覆工具が複数の切削刃先を有するとき、
切削刃先ごとに被覆層の厚さや配向と結晶性の均一性が低下し、切削性能のばらつき、耐久性の差の原因になるという知見を得た。
基体がドリルのように曲面の表面を有する場合であっても、被覆層の厚さに対して工具径が十分に大きければ、測定領域における被覆層と基体との間の界面は略平面になるから、同様の手法により基体の表面を決定することができる。
本実施形態の被覆層は、AiTiCN層を有している。以下、この層について詳述する。
一つの被覆工具内に複数の同一形状の切削刃先を含むとき、その全ての切削刃先の逃げ面において、被覆層に含まれているAlTiCN層は、NaCl型の面心立方構造である結晶粒が含まれることが好ましい。そして、複数の切削刃先すべてにおいて、逃げ面の被覆層の縦断面においてNaCl型の面心立方構造を有する結晶粒の面積割合は、50面積%以上が好ましく、70面積%以上であることがより好ましい。その理由は、この面積割合が50面積%以上であれば前述の課題は解決できるものの、70面積%未満であると硬さが低くなり耐摩耗性が不十分になることがあるためである。なお、前記結晶粒の全てがNaCl型面心立方構造であってもよい(100面積%であってよい)。
最初に、結晶粒界を特定する。すなわち、縦断面を研磨し表面研磨面を得て、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM:Transmission Electron Microscope)に付属する結晶方位解析装置を用いて、前記表面研磨面の法線方向に対して、例えば、0.5度以上、1.0度以下に傾けた電子線をPrecession(歳差運動)照射しながら、各測定点に対し、電子線を任意のビーム径および間隔でスキャンし、連続的に電子回折パターンを取り込む。
前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、AlTiCN層は、(AlxTi1-x)(CyN1-y)、(xの平均含有量xavgが0.60以上、0.95以下、yの平均含有量yavgが0.0000以上、0.0050以下)であることが好ましい。
全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、X線回折装置を用いて測定した、前記被覆層に含まれる前記NaCl型の面心立方構造を有する結晶粒が200回折線を有し、200回折線強度値の平均値をIavg(200)とし、その標準偏差をσI(200)とするとき、σI(200)/Iavg(200)が0.00以上、0.20以下であることが好ましい。
なお、測定位置は刃先稜線から、500μmの線分を選定し、その線分を逃げ面方向に100μm平行移動した線分上の中央部付近とする。
前記全ての切削刃先それぞれにおいて、切削刃先稜線部から逃げ面方向に100μm離れた線上のAlTiCN層の平均厚さLmを求め、このLmの平均値Lavgと標準偏差σLとするとき、σL/Lavgが0.00以上、0.20以下を満足することが好ましい。
全ての切削刃先逃げ面のそれぞれにおいて、AlTiCN層が、柱状晶を含み、AlとTiの含有量変化を含み、この含有量変化における、AlのTiとAlの合量に占める含有量(割合)(x)の最大値xmaxと最小値xminが、0.02≦xmax-xmin≦0.40を満足することが好ましい。なお、柱状晶とは、AlTiCN層の結晶粒でアスペクト比A(定義は後述する)が1.5以上であるものをさす。
観察視野は前述した切削刃先ごとの逃げ面のAlTiCN層の厚さの平均値(Lm)を求める測定位置の近傍(この測定位置から半径50μmの円内)であることが好ましい。
前記全ての切削刃先のそれぞれにおいて、切削刃先稜線部から逃げ面方向に100μm離れた線上の前記NaCl型の面心立方構造を有する結晶粒の配向性指数の配向性指数TC(200)を求めたとき、その平均値であるTCavg(200)が1.0以上、6.0以下を満足することがより好ましい。
σTC(200)/TCavg(200)は0.00以上、0.10以下を満足することがより好ましい。その理由は、σTC(200)/TCavg(200)が0.10より大きいと高速断続切削に供したときの各切削刃先における耐熱亀裂性や耐チッピング性の均一性が低下することがあるためである。
すなわち、一つの被覆工具内に複数切削刃先を含むとき、それぞれの切削刃先において、前記刃先稜線から、500μmの線分を選定し、その線分を逃げ面方向に100μm平行移動した線分上の中央部付近を測定位置とする。この測定位置において、微小部X線回折測定(測定条件の例示:Cu-Kα線、出力50kV、22mA、検出距離150mm、コリメータ径100μmΦ)によりX線回折パターンを測定する。
TC(200)={I(200)/I0(200)}
×[(1/6)×Σ{I(hkl)/I0(hkl)}]-1
であり、切削刃先ごとに測定し、その平均値がTCavg(200)である。
I(200):200回折線におけるX線回折ピーク強度の測定値、
I0(200):JCPDSカード00-046-1200に記載のAlNの結晶面の200回折線における標準X線回折ピーク強度の平均値、
Σ(I(hkl)/I0(hkl)):111、200、220、311、222、400のそれぞれの回折線の([X線回折ピーク強度の測定値]/[ICDDカードに掲載されている、AlNのそれぞれの標準回折ピーク強度の平均値])の値の合計値
である。
AlTiCN層は、前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面において柱状晶を含み、その柱状晶の縦断面における平均粒子幅Wが0.1μm以上、2.0μm以下、平均アスペクト比Aが2.0以上、10.0以下であることがより好ましい。
まず、AlTiCN層の縦断面を前述の手段により研磨する。
観察視野は前述した切削刃先ごとに逃げ面のAlTiCN層の厚さの平均値(Lm)を求める測定位置の近傍(この測定位置から半径50μmの円内)であって、被覆層の厚みが全て含まれるよう設定された長方形とし、NaCl型面心立方構造を有する結晶粒を20以上含む大きさであることが好ましい。
刃先kごとに前記観察視野内の20以上の結晶に対して測定した粒子幅(W1からWj、1≦i≦jk、jkは刃先ごとの結晶粒の数。jk≧20)を[数3]により面積加重平均し、ある切削刃先kにおける平均粒子幅Wkとする。なお、jkは全ての刃先で同じ数であってよい。
また、刃先kごとに前記観察視野内の20以上の結晶に対して前述の定義に従ってアスペクト比Ajk(1≦i≦jk、jk≧20)を求め、[数4]により面積加重平均し、ある切削刃先kにおける平均アスペクト比Akとして求める。
AlTiCN層は、塩素(Cl)を含有してもよく、含有する場合は、その平均含有割合は、0.005原子%以上、0.500原子%以下であることが好ましい。ここで、Clの平均含有割合は、
(Clの原子数)/(Clの原子数+Alの原子数+Tiの原子数+Cの原子数+Nの原子数)×100
で定義されるものである。
AlTiCN層だけでも、十分な耐久性を有するが、Tiの窒化物層、炭化物層、炭窒化物層(これらの層の組成は化学量論的組成に限定されない。公知となっているあらゆる組成のものを用いてもよい。)のうちの1層以上のTi化合物層からなり、0.1μm以上、2.0μm以下の合計平均厚さを有する下部層を基体に隣接してAlTiN層との間に設けてもよい。下部層はAlTiCN層と基体との密着性を向上させる。
AlTiCN層の上部に、Tiの窒化物層、炭化物層、炭窒化物層、および酸化物層のうちの1層以上のTi化合物層、酸化アルミニウム層(これらの層の組成は化学量論的組成に限定されない。公知となっているあらゆる組成のものを用いてもよい。)からなり、0.1μm以上、4.0μm以下の合計平均厚さを有する上部層を設けてもよい。上部層は耐久性をもたらす。
さらに、成膜ガスを切り換えるとき等の成膜装置内のガス圧力の変動や温度変化により、AlTiCN層、下部層、上部層以外の意図しない層が成膜されることがある。
(1)材質
基体は、この種の基体として従来公知の基材であれば、前述の目的を達成することを阻害するものでない限り、いずれのものも使用可能である。例をあげるならば、WC基超硬合金(WCの、Coを含み、さらに、Ti、Ta、Nb等の炭窒化物を添加したものも含むもの)、サーメット(TiC、TiN、TiCN等を主成分とするもの等)、セラミックス(炭化チタン、炭化珪素、窒化珪素、窒化アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウム)、cBN焼結体のいずれかである。
基体の形状は、切削工具として用いられる形状であれば特段の制約はなく、インサートの形状、ドリルの形状が例示できる。
本実施形態に係るAlTiCN層は、例えば、以下の成膜ガス等と成膜装置を用いて製造することができる。
反応ガス組成等を例示すると、以下のとおりである。なお、ガス組成はガス群Aとガス群Bの組成の和を100容量%としたものであり、以下、%で略記する。
ガス群A:
ガス組成 TiCl4:0.07~0.40%、AlCl3:0.20~1.29%、
N2:0.0~10.0%、C2H4:0.0~0.5%、H2:残
ガス群B:
ガス組成 NH3:1.00~4.40%、H2:25.0~35.0%
反応雰囲気圧力:4.0~5.0kPa
反応雰囲気温度:700~850℃
供給周期:1.00~5.00秒
1周期当たりのガス供給時間:0.15~0.25秒
ガス群Aの供給とガス群Bの供給の位相差:0.10~0.20秒
成膜ガス組成、反応雰囲気圧力、反応雰囲気温度、供給周期、1周期当たりのガス供給時間、および、ガス群Aの供給とガス群Bの供給の位相差は、設定値である。
成膜装置として、図3および図4に示すガス噴出管(7)を配置した成膜装置を例示できる。この成膜装置は、切削切刃が4個ある被覆工具に対するものであって、切削切刃のどの部分も成膜装置のガス噴出管の先端(ガス供給部)との距離が同じになるように、四面ある逃げ面に向かって成膜ガスを同じタイミングで噴射するものである。
(付記1)
基体と該基体上に設けられている被覆層を有する表面被覆切削工具であって、
(1)前記被覆層は、NaCl型の面心立方構造の結晶粒を有するAlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層を含み、
(2)前記工具内は複数の同一形状の切削刃先を有し、その全ての切削刃先の逃げ面において、前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層は、(AlxTi1-x)(CyN1-y)(xの平均含有量xavgが0.60以上、0.95以下、yの平均含有量yavgが0.0000以上、0.0050以下)であり、
(3)前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、X線回折装置を用いて測定した、前記被覆層に含まれる前記NaCl型の面心立方構造を有する結晶粒が200回折線を有し、200回折線強度値の平均値をI(200)とし、その標準偏差をσI(200)とするとき、σI(200)/I(200)が0.00以上、0.20以下を満足し、
(4)前記全ての切削刃先のそれぞれにおいて、切削刃先稜線部から逃げ面方向に100μm離れた線上の前記被覆層の厚さLm、その全ての切削刃先における前記Lmの平均値をLavg、標準偏差をσLとするとき、σL/Lavgが0.00以上、0.20以下を満足し、
(5)前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層が、柱状晶を含み、該柱状晶における前記Xの最大値xmax*の平均値であるxmaxと前記Xの最小値xmin*の平均値であるxminが0.02≦xmax-xmin≦0.40を満足する領域を有する、
ことを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。
(付記2)
前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記被覆層に含まれる前記NaCl型の面心立方構造を有する結晶粒の配向性指数TC(200)の平均値であるTCavg(200)が1.0以上、6.0以下を満足することを特徴とする付記1に記載された表面被覆切削工具。
(付記3)
前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記被覆層に含まれる前記NaCl型の面心立方構造を有する結晶粒の配向性指数TC(200)の平均値をTCavg(200)とし、その標準偏差をσTC(200)とするとき、σTC(200)/TCavg(200)が0.00以上、0.10以下を満足することを特徴とする付記1または付記2に記載された表面被覆切削工具。
(付記4)
前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記被覆層に含まれる前記AlとTiの含有量変化がある領域が前記被覆層の縦断面において70面積%以上存在することを特徴とする付記1~3のいずれかに記載された表面被覆切削工具。
(付記5)
前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記被覆層に含まれる前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層の柱状晶の平均粒子幅Wは0.10μm以上、1.20μm以下であり、その平均アスペクト比Aは2.0以上、10.0以下であることを特徴とする付記1~4のいずれかに記載された表面被覆切削工具。
(付記6)
前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層は、塩素を含有し、その含有割合は、0.005原子%以上、0.500原子%以下であることを特徴とする付記1~5のいずれかに記載された表面被覆切削工具。
(付記7)
AlとTiの含有量変化がある領域が網目状、層状または粒状に分布していることを特徴とする付記1~6のいずれかに記載された表面被覆切削工具。
(付記8)
前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層と前記基体との間に下部層を有することを特徴とする付記1~7のいずれかに記載された表面被覆切削工具。
(付記9)
前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層の上部に上部層を有することを特徴とする付記1~8のいずれかに記載された表面被覆切削工具。
ここでは、本発明被覆工具の実施例として、基体の材質としてWC基超硬合金を用いたインサート切削工具に適用したものについて述べるが、基体の材質として、前記の他のものを用いた場合であっても同様であるし、基体の形状としてドリル、エンドミルに適用した場合も同様である。
切削刃先ごとの測定値kは番号1から4によって区別している。
また、その他の欄では、欄に記載の事項について「○」は該当すること、「×」は該当しないことを示している。
また、「全ての切削刃先で存在するか」の欄の「○」は該当すること、「×」は該当しないことを示し、「-」は測定できなかったことを示している。
また、「全ての切削刃先で0.02以上0.40以下か」の欄の「○」は該当すること、「×」は該当しないことを示し、他の欄の「-」は測定できなかったことを示している。
また、「○」は該当すること、「×」は該当しないこと、「-」は測定できなかったことを示している。
カッタ径: 80mm、単刃切削
被削材: JIS S45C 幅60mm、長さ200mmブロック材
回転速度: 1393/min
切削速度: 350m/min
切り込み: 2.0mm
一刃送り量: 0.2mm/刃
(通常切削速度は、200m/min)
被削材: JIS FCD700 長さ方向等間隔4本の縦溝入り丸棒
切削速度: 400m/min
切り込み: 1.0mm
送り: 0.2mm/rev
(通常切削速度は、150から200m/min)
カッタ径: 80mm、単刃切削
被削材: JIS SCM440 幅60mm、長さ200mmブロック材
回転速度: 1592/min
切削速度: 400m/min
切り込み: 2.0mm
一刃送り量: 0.2mm/刃
(通常切削速度は、200m/min)
2 逃げ面
3 主切刃の刃先稜線
4 副切刃の刃先稜線
5 切削刃先の角部
6 基体
7 ガス噴出管
8 ガス群A
9 ガス群B
11 反応容器
12 外熱式加熱ヒーター
13 治具
14 ガス供給管
15 トレイの間の空間
16 回転軸
17 ガス群Aとガス群B
18~20 噴出穴
Claims (6)
- 基体と該基体上に設けられている被覆層を有する表面被覆切削工具であって、
(a)前記被覆層は、NaCl型の面心立方構造の結晶粒を有するAlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層を含み、
(b)前記工具は複数の同一形状の切削刃先を有し、その全ての切削刃先の逃げ面において、前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層は、(AlxTi1-x)(CyN1-y)(xの平均含有量xavgが0.60以上、0.95以下、yの平均含有量yavgが0.0000以上、0.0050以下)であり、
(c)前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、X線回折装置を用いて測定した、前記被覆層に含まれる前記NaCl型の面心立方構造を有する結晶粒が200回折線を有し、200回折線強度値の平均値をI(200)とし、その標準偏差をσI(200)とするとき、σI(200)/I(200)が0.00以上、0.20以下を満足し、
(d)前記全ての切削刃先のそれぞれにおいて、切削刃先稜線部から逃げ面方向に100μm離れた線上の前記被覆層の厚さLm、その全ての切削刃先における前記Lmの平均値をLavg、標準偏差をσLとするとき、σL/Lavgが0.00以上、0.20以下を満足し、
(e)前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層が、柱状晶を含み、該柱状晶における前記Xの最大値xmax*の平均値であるxmaxと前記Xの最小値xmin*の平均値であるxminが0.02≦xmax-xmin≦0.40を満足する領域を有する、
ことを特徴とする表面被覆切削工具。 - 前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記被覆層に含まれる前記NaCl型の面心立方構造を有する結晶粒の配向性指数TC(200)の平均値であるTCavg(200)が1.0以上、6.0以下を満足することを特徴とする請求項1に記載された表面被覆切削工具。
- 前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記被覆層に含まれる前記NaCl型の面心立方構造を有する結晶粒の配向性指数TC(200)の平均値をTCavg(200)とし、その標準偏差をσTC(200)とするとき、σTC(200)/TCavg(200)が0.00以上、0.10以下を満足することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載された表面被覆切削工具。
- 前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記被覆層に含まれる前記AlとTiの含有量変化がある領域が前記被覆層の縦断面において70面積%以上存在することを特徴とする請求項1に記載された表面被覆切削工具。
- 前記全ての切削刃先の逃げ面それぞれにおいて、前記被覆層に含まれる前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層の柱状晶の平均粒子幅Wは0.10μm以上、1.20μm以下であり、その平均アスペクト比Aは2.0以上、10.0以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載された表面被覆切削工具。
- 前記AlとTiの複合窒化物層または複合炭窒化物層は、塩素を含有し、その含有割合は、0.005原子%以上、0.500原子%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載された表面被覆切削工具。
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2023
- 2023-03-30 EP EP23780864.7A patent/EP4501502A4/en active Pending
- 2023-03-30 JP JP2024512788A patent/JP7852706B2/ja active Active
- 2023-03-30 US US18/852,388 patent/US20250187080A1/en active Pending
- 2023-03-30 CN CN202380029564.5A patent/CN118922265A/zh active Pending
- 2023-03-30 WO PCT/JP2023/013155 patent/WO2023190856A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009083086A (ja) * | 2007-10-03 | 2009-04-23 | Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Corp | 刃先交換型切削チップ |
| JP2021154415A (ja) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-10-07 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 耐欠損性にすぐれた表面被覆切削工具 |
| JP2022056507A (ja) | 2020-09-30 | 2022-04-11 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 全熱交換素子用仕切部材、全熱交換素子、および換気装置 |
| WO2022172954A1 (ja) * | 2021-02-12 | 2022-08-18 | 株式会社Moldino | 被覆工具 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4501502A4 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4501502A4 (en) | 2026-02-18 |
| US20250187080A1 (en) | 2025-06-12 |
| JPWO2023190856A1 (ja) | 2023-10-05 |
| JP7852706B2 (ja) | 2026-04-28 |
| CN118922265A (zh) | 2024-11-08 |
| EP4501502A1 (en) | 2025-02-05 |
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