WO2023191541A1 - 비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023191541A1 WO2023191541A1 PCT/KR2023/004266 KR2023004266W WO2023191541A1 WO 2023191541 A1 WO2023191541 A1 WO 2023191541A1 KR 2023004266 W KR2023004266 W KR 2023004266W WO 2023191541 A1 WO2023191541 A1 WO 2023191541A1
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0034—Fluorinated solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/0042—Four or more solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery containing the same. More specifically, it relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte that can suppress cell volume change during operation of a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery containing the same.
- Lithium secondary batteries generally form an electrode assembly by interposing a separator between a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material made of a transition metal oxide containing lithium and a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material capable of storing lithium ions, and the electrode It is manufactured by inserting the assembly into a battery case, injecting a non-aqueous electrolyte that serves as a medium for transferring lithium ions, and then sealing it.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte generally consists of a lithium salt and an organic solvent capable of dissolving the lithium salt.
- Carbonate solvents are mainly used as organic solvents for non-aqueous electrolytes, and among these, ethylene carbonate is a solvent that is continuously used to dissociate lithium salts with a high dielectric constant.
- ethylene carbonate is decomposed by reaction with O 2 radicals generated at the anode under high voltage and high temperature conditions, and generates CO 2 gas as a decomposition product.
- secondary batteries with high energy density such as batteries for electric vehicles
- lithium secondary batteries that operate at high voltage are being developed.
- gas due to the decomposition of ethylene carbonate is released. An outbreak can cause serious problems with the safety of the cell.
- the present invention is intended to solve the above problems, by adjusting the degree of freedom of ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte to satisfy a specific range, thereby reducing the amount of CO 2 gas generated and suppressing volume changes during cell operation, and lithium containing the same. We would like to provide a secondary battery.
- the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte containing an organic solvent containing ethylene carbonate, a non-solvent, and a lithium salt, and the ethylene carbonate degree of freedom A represented by the following formula (1) is 30. % or less, preferably 10% to 30%, more preferably 20% to 30%.
- Equation 1 A is the degree of freedom of ethylene carbonate, P free-EC is the integrated area of the graph obtained by deconvolving the Raman spectrum of the electrolyte with a Gaussian function based on the 893 cm -1 peak, and P Coordination -EC is the integrated area of the graph obtained by deconvolving the Raman spectrum of the electrolyte with a Gaussian function based on the 903 cm -1 peak.
- the volume ratio of the non-solvent to the volume of the ethylene carbonate may be 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 4.
- the ethylene carbonate is 1% to 10% by volume, preferably 3% to 10% by volume, more preferably 5% to 10% by volume, based on the total volume of the non-aqueous electrolyte. It may be included in an amount of 10% to 40% by volume, preferably 10% to 30% by volume, based on the total volume of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-solvent is, for example, fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, hexafluorobenzene, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (1 ,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, HFE), and bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether , BTFE).
- the lithium salt may be included in a concentration of 1.3M to 2M, preferably 1.3M to 1.8M, and more preferably 1.3M to 1.7M.
- the organic solvent may further include a linear carbonate solvent, and the linear carbonate solvent is 50% by volume to 85% by volume, preferably 50% by volume to 80% by volume, based on the total volume of the non-aqueous electrolyte. Preferably, it may be included in 60% to 80% by volume.
- the present invention provides a lithium secondary battery containing the non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to the present invention.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention partially replaces ethylene carbonate with a non-slovent that does not participate in lithium dissociation in the electrolyte, thereby increasing the content of ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte and free-ethylene carbonate that is not coordinated with lithium ions. It was possible to reduce the amount of (free-ethylene carbonate).
- the degree of freedom A of ethylene carbonate represented by the above formula (1) is 30% or less, and when the degree of freedom A of ethylene carbonate satisfies the above range, CO 2 gas is significantly generated. A decreasing effect appears.
- ethylene carbonate content in the non-aqueous electrolyte is high, ethylene carbonate is oxidized and decomposed at the anode during charging and discharging, causing CO 2 generation, which adversely affects battery safety.
- Reducing the proportion of ethylene carbonate in the organic solvent can reduce CO 2 generation due to the decomposition of ethylene carbonate, but gases such as CH 4 are generated due to the decomposition of linear carbonates such as ethylmethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, which are increased instead of ethylene carbonate.
- gases such as CH 4 are generated due to the decomposition of linear carbonates such as ethylmethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate, which are increased instead of ethylene carbonate.
- the effect of reducing the amount of gas generated is minimal.
- the content of ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte is increased without increasing the content of linear carbonate or the concentration of lithium salt. And by reducing the amount of free-ethylene carbonate that is not coordinated with lithium ions, CO 2 gas generation can be effectively reduced and degradation of life characteristics can be minimized.
- non-solvents generally have lower viscosity characteristics than ethylene carbonate, when used in combination with non-solvents as in the present invention, the effect of lowering the viscosity of the electrolyte can be obtained.
- non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention gas generation and electrolyte depletion can be effectively prevented during operation of the lithium secondary battery, and thus a lithium secondary battery with excellent lifespan characteristics and safety can be implemented.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing the Raman spectrum of the non-aqueous electrolyte of Example 1.
- Figure 2 is a diagram showing the lifespan characteristics of a lithium secondary battery using the non-aqueous electrolytes of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention includes (1) an organic solvent containing ethylene carbonate, (2) a non-solvent, and (3) a lithium salt, and the ethylene carbonate degree of freedom represented by the following formula (1) A is 30% or less, preferably 10% to 30%, more preferably 20% to 30%.
- A is the degree of freedom of ethylene carbonate
- P free-EC is the integrated area of the graph obtained by deconvolving the Raman spectrum of the electrolyte with a Gaussian function based on the 893 cm -1 peak
- P Coordination-EC is the integrated area of the graph obtained by deconvolving the Raman spectrum of the electrolyte with a Gaussian function based on the 903 cm -1 peak.
- the degree of freedom (A) of ethylene carbonate is a value representing the ratio of free-ethylene carbonate that is not coordinated with lithium ions among the total ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte.
- the peak P free-EC that appears around 893 cm -1 is a peak that appears due to free-ethylene carbonate that is not bound to lithium ions
- the peak P Coordination-EC that appears around 903 cm -1 is a peak that is coordinated with lithium ions. This peak appears due to ethylene carbonate.
- the integrated area of each peak corresponds to the content of the component representing the peak. Therefore, P free-EC /(P free-EC + P Coordination-EC ) in equation (1) is a value corresponding to the ratio of free-ethylene carbonate among the total ethylene carbonate present in the electrolyte.
- the ethylene carbonate degree of freedom A represented by formula (1) may be 10% to 30%, more preferably 20% to 30%.
- the ethylene carbonate content is reduced or the lithium salt content is increased to reduce the degree of freedom A, the negative SEI film is insufficiently formed, and the electrolyte Cell performance may deteriorate due to increased viscosity and decreased ionic conductivity.
- the degree of freedom A of ethylene carbonate represented by the above formula (1) can be adjusted by adjusting the composition of the solvent and the concentration of lithium salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the organic solvent includes ethylene carbonate.
- Ethylene carbonate has a high dielectric constant and can easily dissociate the lithium salt in the electrolyte solution. Therefore, when ethylene carbonate is used as an organic solvent, excellent electrochemical performance can be achieved due to excellent lithium mobility.
- the ethylene carbonate is used in an amount of 10% by volume or less, preferably, 1% to 10% by volume, more preferably 3% to 10% by volume, even more preferably, based on the total volume of the non-aqueous electrolyte. May be included in an amount of 5% to 10% by volume.
- the A value in equation (1) is easy to adjust to 30% or less, and a non-aqueous electrolyte with high lithium ion conductivity and low gas generation can be produced.
- the organic solvent may further include a linear carbonate-based solvent in addition to ethylene carbonate.
- Linear carbonate-based solvents are organic solvents with low viscosity and low dielectric constant, for example, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, and ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC). , may be at least one selected from the group consisting of methylpropyl carbonate and ethylpropyl carbonate.
- the linear carbonate solvent may be included in an amount of 50% to 85% by volume, preferably 50% to 80% by volume, and more preferably 60% to 80% by volume, based on the total volume of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- content of the linear carbonate-based solvent satisfies the above range, the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte can be appropriately maintained and the gas generation reduction effect is excellent.
- the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte may increase and ionic conductivity may decrease, and if the content of the linear carbonate-based solvent is too high, the linear carbonate-based solvent decomposes during battery operation, producing CH 4
- the effect of suppressing gas generation may be reduced by generating excessive amounts of gas such as gases.
- the organic solvent may further include, if necessary, a cyclic carbonate-based solvent or a linear ester-based solvent other than ethylene carbonate.
- Cyclic carbonate-based solvents other than the above ethylene carbonate include, for example, propylene carbonate (PC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, and 2,3- At least one selected from the group consisting of pentylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate may be used, and examples of the linear ester solvent include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, and ethyl propionate. , at least one selected from the group consisting of propyl propionate and butyl propionate may be used.
- PC propylene carbonate
- 1,2-butylene carbonate 1,2-butylene carbonate
- 2,3-butylene carbonate 1,2-pentylene carbonate
- 2,3- At least one selected from the group consisting of pentylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate may be used
- examples of the linear ester solvent include methyl acetate, ethy
- a non-solvent is a solvent that has low solubility in lithium salt and does not participate in the dissociation of lithium salt.
- free-ethylene carbonate in the electrolyte is reduced without increasing the concentration of lithium salt. It was possible to reduce the amount together. Even if the content of ethylene carbonate is reduced, if the content of a solvent such as linear carbonate that forms a coordination bond with lithium ions increases, the bond between the increased linear carbonate and lithium ions increases, so the ratio of ethylene carbonate that coordinates with lithium ions increases. There are limits to increase.
- the reduction in the proportion of free-ethylene carbonate in the total ethylene carbonate is limited.
- the non-solvent does not bind to lithium ions and does not affect the degree of dissociation of ethylene carbonate, if the non-solvent is added as much as the content of ethylene carbonate is reduced, the ratio of free-ethylene carbonate to the total ethylene carbonate can be effectively reduced.
- non-solvent examples include fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene, hexafluorobenzene, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether. (1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, HFE), and bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether (bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ) At least one selected from the group consisting of ether, BTFE) can be used, and among these, fluorobenzene is particularly preferable.
- fluorobenzene is particularly preferable.
- fluorobenzene In the case of fluorobenzene, it has lower viscosity characteristics than ethylene carbonate, so using fluorobenzene as a non-solvent has the effect of lowering the viscosity of the electrolyte, and oxidation/ Electrochemically stable as there is no reduction reaction
- the non-solvent may be included in an amount of 10 vol% to 40 vol%, preferably 10 vol% to 30 vol%, based on the total volume of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the content of the non-solvent satisfies the above range, the amount of CO 2 generated is significantly reduced, and the viscosity reduction effect of the non-aqueous electrolyte is excellent.
- the volume ratio of the non-solvent to the volume of ethylene carbonate may be 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 5, and more preferably 1 to 4.
- the volume ratio of the non-solvent to ethylene carbonate satisfies the above range, the effect of reducing gas generation and viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte is excellent. If the non-solvent is included in a smaller volume than ethylene carbonate, the effect of suppressing gas generation is minimal, and if the volume of the non-solvent is too high compared to ethylene carbonate, lithium ion conductivity may decrease and electrochemical properties may deteriorate.
- the lithium salt used in the present invention various lithium salts commonly used in electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries can be used without limitation.
- the lithium salt includes Li + as a cation, and F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , and ClO 4 - as anions.
- the lithium salt is LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAlO 4, LiAlCl 4 , LiPF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiBOB (LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ) , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiFSI (LiN(SO 2 F) 2 ), LiCH 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiCH 3 CO 2 and LiBETI (LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 at least selected from the group consisting of Any one or more may be mentioned.
- lithium salts include LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiBOB (LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ), LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiTFSI (LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ) , LiFSI ((LiN(SO 2 F) 2 ), and LiBETI (LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2. It may include a single substance or a mixture of two or more types selected from the group consisting of.
- the lithium salt may be included in the non-aqueous electrolyte at a concentration of 1.3M to 2M, preferably 1.3M to 1.8M, and more preferably 1.3M to 1.7M.
- concentration of lithium salt is less than 1.3M, the amount of lithium ions that can be coordinated with ethylene carbonate is small, making it difficult to reduce the free-ethylene carbonate ratio to the desired level, limiting the reduction in CO 2 generation, and reducing the lifetime of lithium in the electrolyte due to low mobility. Characteristics may deteriorate.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention contains a non-solvent with a low degree of dissociation of lithium salt, if the concentration of lithium salt exceeds 2M, all of the lithium salt may not be dissociated, and the viscosity of the electrolyte increases, leading to a decrease in ionic conductivity. It can be.
- non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention may further include additives in addition to the above components in order to further improve the physical properties of the secondary battery.
- additives include at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonate-based compounds, halogen-substituted carbonate-based compounds, sultone-based compounds, sulfate-based compounds, phosphate-based compounds, borate-based compounds, amine-based compounds, silane-based compounds, and lithium salt-based compounds. There may be more than one.
- the cyclic carbonate-based compound may be, for example, vinylene carbonate (VC) or vinylethylene carbonate (VEC).
- the halogen-substituted carbonate-based compound may be, for example, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- the sultone-based compound may be, for example, 1,3-propanesultone, 1,3-propenesultone, etc.
- the sulfate-based compound may be, for example, ethylene sulfate (Esa), trimethylene sulfate (TMS), or methyl trimethylene sulfate (MTMS).
- Esa ethylene sulfate
- TMS trimethylene sulfate
- MTMS methyl trimethylene sulfate
- the phosphate-based compounds include, for example, lithium difluoro(bisoxalato)phosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, tetramethyl trimethyl silyl phosphate, trimethyl silyl phosphite, and tris(2,2,2-trifluoro). It may be one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of ethyl) phosphate and tris (trifluoroethyl) phosphite.
- the borate-based compound may be, for example, tetraphenyl borate, lithium oxalyl difluoroborate (LiODFB), etc.
- the amine-based compound may be triethanolamine or ethylenediamine, and the silane-based compound may be tetravinylsilane.
- the lithium salt-based compound is a compound different from the lithium salt contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and is selected from the group consisting of LiPO 2 F 2 , LiODFB, LiBOB (lithium bisoxalate borate (LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ) and LiBF 4 It may be one or more compounds.
- additives may be used alone, or two or more types may be mixed.
- the total amount of the additive may be 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention described above. More specifically, the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention described above. Since the non-aqueous electrolyte has been described above, its description will be omitted, and other components will be described below.
- the positive electrode may include a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material, and if necessary, the positive electrode active material layer may further include a conductive material and/or a binder.
- the positive electrode active material is a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium, and can be used in various positive electrode active materials used in the industry, for example, lithium-manganese oxide (e.g., LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4, etc.), lithium-cobalt-based oxide (for example, LiCoO 2 , etc.), lithium-nickel-based oxide (for example, LiNiO 2 , etc.), lithium-nickel-manganese-based oxide (for example, LiNi 1- Y Mn Y O 2 (0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-z Ni z O 4 (0 ⁇ Z ⁇ 2), lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide (for example, LiNi 1-Y1 Co Y1 O 2 ( 0 ⁇ Y1 ⁇ 1), lithium-manganese-cobalt-based oxide (e.g., LiCo 1-Y2 Mn Y2 O 2 (0 ⁇ Y2 ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-z1 Co z1 O 4 (0 ⁇
- the positive electrode active material may include at least one of lithium manganese-based oxide represented by the following [Formula 1] and lithium nickel-based oxide represented by [Formula 2].
- M 1 may be at least one metal ion selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr.
- M 2 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Co, W, Mg, V, Ti, Zn, Ga, In, Ru, Nb, Sn, Sr, and Zr.
- Li manganese-based oxide represented by [Formula 1] undergo an activation process at a high voltage of 4.6 V or higher. During this process, ethylene carbonate is oxidized and decomposed at the anode, causing excessive CO 2 generation.
- the lithium nickel-based oxide represented by Formula 2 contains a high content of nickel, so it is structurally unstable, and when operated at high temperature or high voltage, ethylene carbonate is oxidized and decomposed at the anode, causing excessive CO 2 generation. .
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention has a low rate of free-ethylene carbonate oxidized and decomposed at the positive electrode of 30% or less
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention can be used with the positive electrode active material of [Formula 1] and/or [Formula 2]. In this case, CO 2 generation can be effectively reduced.
- the positive electrode active material may be included in an amount of 80 to 99.9% by weight, preferably 85 to 99% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular restrictions as long as it does not cause chemical changes in the battery and has electronic conductivity.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc., of which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and adhesion between the positive active material and the current collector.
- specific examples of the binder include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode of the present invention as described above can be manufactured according to a positive electrode manufacturing method known in the art.
- the positive electrode can be prepared by applying a positive electrode slurry prepared by dissolving or dispersing the positive active material, binder, and/or conductive material in a solvent onto the positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling, or by applying the positive electrode slurry separately. It can be manufactured by casting on a support and then peeling off the support and laminating the film obtained on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or carbon, nickel, titanium on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , surface treated with silver, etc. may be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the solvent may be a solvent commonly used in the art, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, or water. and the like, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the amount of the solvent used can be adjusted so that the positive electrode mixture has an appropriate viscosity in consideration of the application thickness, manufacturing yield, workability, etc. of the positive electrode mixture, and is not particularly limited.
- the negative electrode according to the present invention includes a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material, and the negative electrode active material layer may further include a conductive material and/or a binder, if necessary.
- the negative electrode active material may be various types of negative electrode active materials used in the art, such as carbon-based negative electrode active materials, silicon-based negative electrode active materials, and metal alloys.
- the carbon-based negative electrode active material includes various carbon-based negative electrode active materials used in the art, such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, and graphite-based materials such as Kish graphite; Pyrolytic carbon, mesophase pitch based carbon fiber, meso-carbon microbeads, mesophase pitches and petroleum or coal tar pitch derived cokes. High-temperature calcined carbon, soft carbon, hard carbon, etc. may be used.
- the shape of the carbon-based negative active material is not particularly limited, and materials of various shapes such as amorphous, plate-shaped, flaky, spherical, or fibrous may be used.
- the silicon-based negative electrode active material is metal silicon (Si), silicon oxide (SiOx, where 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) silicon carbide (SiC), and Si-Y alloy (where Y is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, group 13 element, group 14 It is an element selected from the group consisting of elements, transition metals, rare earth elements, and combinations thereof, but may include one or more types selected from the group consisting of Si.
- the element Y includes Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db, Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ti, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, It may be selected from the group consisting of Se, Te, Po, and combinations thereof.
- the negative electrode active material may be included in an amount of 80% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer. When the content of the negative electrode active material satisfies the above range, excellent capacity characteristics and electrochemical properties can be obtained.
- the conductive material is an ingredient to further improve the conductivity of the negative electrode active material, and may be added in an amount of 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- These conductive materials are not particularly limited as long as they have conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, and examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; Carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; Metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector, and is usually added in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and tetrafluoride.
- Roethylene polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and various copolymers thereof.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- sulfonated-EPDM styrene-butadiene rubber
- nitrile-butadiene rubber fluorine rubber
- the cathode can be manufactured according to a cathode manufacturing method known in the art.
- the negative electrode may be prepared by applying a negative electrode slurry prepared by dissolving or dispersing the negative electrode active material and optionally a binder and a conductive material in a solvent onto the negative electrode current collector, followed by rolling and drying, or by applying the negative electrode slurry onto a separate support. It can be manufactured by casting and then peeling off the support and laminating the film obtained on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- it can be used on the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the solvent may be a solvent commonly used in the art, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, or water. and the like, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- acetone or water. and the like, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the amount of the solvent used can be adjusted so that the anode slurry has an appropriate viscosity in consideration of the application thickness of the anode mixture, manufacturing yield, workability, etc., and is not particularly limited.
- the separator is interposed between the cathode and the anode, separating the anode and the cathode and providing a passage for lithium ions. It can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery, especially for ion movement in the electrolyte solution. It is desirable to have low resistance and excellent electrolyte moisturizing ability.
- a porous polymer film as a separator for example, a porous polymer film made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer.
- a laminated structure of two or more layers thereof may be used.
- conventional porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high melting point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc., may be used.
- a coated separator containing ceramic components or polymer materials may be used to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention as described above can be usefully used in portable devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, and digital cameras, and in the field of electric vehicles.
- a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided.
- the battery module or battery pack is a power tool; Electric vehicles, including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV); Alternatively, it can be used as a power source for any one or more mid- to large-sized devices among power storage systems.
- Electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV);
- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
- the external shape of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be a cylindrical shape using a can, a square shape, a pouch shape, or a coin shape.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention can not only be used in battery cells used as a power source for small devices, but can also be preferably used as a unit cell in medium to large-sized battery modules containing a plurality of battery cells.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- FB fluorobenzene
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- FB fluorobenzene
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- FB fluorobenzene
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- FB fluorobenzene
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC Ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- FB fluorobenzene
- the viscosity (unit: cps) of the non-aqueous electrolyte prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was measured at 25°C and 250rpm using a viscosity meter (BrookField, model name: DV-3 ULTRA) , the viscosity increase rate was calculated based on the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 and is shown in Table 2 below. The viscosity increase rate was calculated using the following equation (2).
- Viscosity increase rate (%) ⁇ (measured non-aqueous electrolyte viscosity - non-aqueous electrolyte viscosity of Comparative Example 1)/non-aqueous electrolyte viscosity of Comparative Example 1 ⁇
- LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 as the positive electrode active material, carbon black as the conductive material, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the binder in a weight ratio of 98:1:1 with the solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone ( NMP) was added to prepare a positive electrode slurry.
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to a positive electrode current collector (Al thin film), dried, and roll pressed to prepare a positive electrode.
- a negative electrode slurry was prepared by adding graphite as a negative electrode active material, PVDF as a binder, and carbon black as a conductive material to NMP as a solvent at a weight ratio of 96:1:3.
- the negative electrode slurry was applied to a negative electrode current collector (Cu thin film), dried, and roll pressed to prepare a negative electrode.
- An electrode assembly was manufactured by a conventional method of sequentially laminating the positive electrode and negative electrode prepared by the above-described method with a polyethylene porous film, and then stored in a pouch-type secondary battery case, Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured by injecting the non-aqueous electrolyte prepared in step 5.
- Equation (3): Increase rate of gas generation (%) ⁇ (measured gas generation amount - gas generation amount of Comparative Example 1)/gas generation amount of Comparative Example 1 ⁇
- Each of the lithium secondary batteries manufactured by injecting the non-aqueous electrolytes of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were charged to 4.2V (0.05C cut off) under CC/CV, 1C conditions at 25°C. Subsequently, it was discharged until it reached 3V under CC, 1C conditions. The charging and discharging behavior was regarded as 1 cycle, and the capacity retention rate was measured while performing 120 such cycles. The measurement results are shown in Figure 2.
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Abstract
Description
| 리튬염 농도(M) | 유기 용매(vol%) | 비용매(vol%) | |||
| EC | EMC | DMC | FB | ||
| 실시예 1 | 1.4 | 10 | 5 | 75 | 10 |
| 실시예 2 | 1.4 | 5 | 5 | 75 | 15 |
| 실시예 3 | 1.6 | 10 | 5 | 75 | 10 |
| 비교예 1 | 1.4 | 20 | 5 | 75 | 0 |
| 비교예 2 | 1.4 | 15 | 5 | 75 | 5 |
| 비교예 3 | 1.4 | 10 | 5 | 85 | 0 |
| 비교예 4 | 1.4 | 0 | 5 | 95 | 0 |
| 비교예 5 | 1.2 | 10 | 5 | 75 | 10 |
| Free-EC A(%) | 점도 증가율(%) | CO2 가스 발생량 증가율(%) | CH4 가스 발생량 증가율(%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 25 | -11.5 | -36.5 | 12.2 |
| 실시예 2 | 21.4 | -36.9 | -61.6 | 17.8 |
| 실시예 3 | 25 | -9.1 | -47.8 | 5.2 |
| 비교예 1 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 비교예 2 | 32.2 | -1.1 | -10.3 | 2.6 |
| 비교예 3 | 26 | -9.4 | -33.8 | 56.2 |
| 비교예 4 | 0 | -23.8 | 1.8 | 188.9 |
| 비교예 5 | 32 | -28.9 | -33.1 | -2.0 |
Claims (10)
- 에틸렌 카보네이트를 포함하는 유기 용매, 비용매(non-solvent) 및 리튬염을 포함하는 비수 전해질이며,하기 식 (1)로 표시되는 에틸렌 카보네이트 자유도 A가 30% 이하인 비수 전해질.식 (1): A = {Pfree-EC/ (Pfree-EC + PCoordination-EC)}×100상기 식 1에서, A는 에틸렌 카보네이트의 자유도이며, Pfree-EC는 상기 전해질의 라만 스펙트럼을 893cm-1 피크를 기준으로 가우스 함수로 디컨볼루션(deconvolution)하여 얻어진 그래프의 적분 면적이고, PCoordination-EC 는 상기 전해질의 라만 스펙트럼을 903cm-1 피크를 기준으로 가우스 함수로 디컨볼루션(deconvolution)하여 얻어진 그래프의 적분 면적임.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 식 (1)로 표시되는 에틸렌 카보네이트 자유도 A가 20% 내지 30%인 비수 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 에틸렌 카보네이트의 부피에 대한 상기 비용매의 부피비가 1 내지 6인 비수 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 에틸렌 카보네이트는, 상기 비수 전해질의 전체 부피를 기준으로, 1부피% 내지 10부피%로 포함하는 비수 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 비용매는 상기 비수 전해질의 전체 부피를 기준으로 10부피% 내지 40부피%로 포함되는 비수 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 비용매는, 플루오로벤젠, 다이플루오로벤젠, 헥사플루오로벤젠, 1,1,2,2-테트라플루오로에틸-2,2,3,3-테트라플루오로프로필 에테르(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, HFE), 및 비스(2,2,2-트리플루오로에틸)에테르(bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ether, BTFE)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 비수 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬염은 1.3M 내지 2M의 농도로 포함되는 비수 전해질.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 유기 용매는 선형 카보네이트 용매를 더 포함하는 것인 비수 전해질.
- 제8항에 있어서,상기 선형 카보네이트 용매는 상기 비수 전해질의 전체 부피를 기준으로 50부피% 내지 85부피%로 포함되는 비수 전해질.
- 청구항 1 내지 9 중 어느 한 항의 비수 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
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| JP2024556760A JP2025510855A (ja) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | 非水電解質およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
| CN202380028353.XA CN118891765A (zh) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | 非水电解质和包含该非水电解质的锂二次电池 |
| US18/850,821 US20250226452A1 (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | Non-Aqueous Electrolyte and Lithium Secondary Battery Including the Same |
| EP23781393.6A EP4485604A4 (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | Nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
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| KR100864318B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-10-20 | 제일모직주식회사 | 리튬 2차전지용 비수성 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬2차전지 |
| KR20150093057A (ko) * | 2014-02-06 | 2015-08-17 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
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| KR20220039950A (ko) | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-30 | (주)이노핏파트너스 | 디지털 트랜스포메이션 역량 평가 시스템 및 그 방법 |
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| KR101412899B1 (ko) * | 2010-02-12 | 2014-06-26 | 미쓰비시 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 비수계 전해액 및 비수계 전해액 2 차 전지 |
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2023
- 2023-03-30 KR KR1020230042318A patent/KR20230141640A/ko active Pending
- 2023-03-30 WO PCT/KR2023/004266 patent/WO2023191541A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-30 EP EP23781393.6A patent/EP4485604A4/en active Pending
- 2023-03-30 CN CN202380028353.XA patent/CN118891765A/zh active Pending
- 2023-03-30 JP JP2024556760A patent/JP2025510855A/ja active Pending
- 2023-03-30 US US18/850,821 patent/US20250226452A1/en active Pending
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| KR20050040974A (ko) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-04 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 효율적인 성능을 갖는 리튬 전지 |
| KR100864318B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-10-20 | 제일모직주식회사 | 리튬 2차전지용 비수성 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬2차전지 |
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| KR102255538B1 (ko) * | 2017-11-28 | 2021-05-25 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 이차전지용 폴리머 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
| KR20200036789A (ko) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 비수성 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
| KR20220039950A (ko) | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-30 | (주)이노핏파트너스 | 디지털 트랜스포메이션 역량 평가 시스템 및 그 방법 |
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| EP4485604A4 (en) | 2025-07-30 |
| US20250226452A1 (en) | 2025-07-10 |
| KR20230141640A (ko) | 2023-10-10 |
| EP4485604A1 (en) | 2025-01-01 |
| JP2025510855A (ja) | 2025-04-15 |
| CN118891765A (zh) | 2024-11-01 |
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