WO2023191548A1 - 액정셀 및 광학 디바이스 - Google Patents
액정셀 및 광학 디바이스 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023191548A1 WO2023191548A1 PCT/KR2023/004293 KR2023004293W WO2023191548A1 WO 2023191548 A1 WO2023191548 A1 WO 2023191548A1 KR 2023004293 W KR2023004293 W KR 2023004293W WO 2023191548 A1 WO2023191548 A1 WO 2023191548A1
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- liquid crystal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
- B60J3/04—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles adjustable in transparency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
- G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1341—Filling or closing of cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/28—Adhesive materials or arrangements
Definitions
- This application relates to liquid crystal cells and optical devices.
- Non-patent Document 1 (Tight Bonding of Two Plastic Substrates for Flexible LCDs” SID Symposium Digest, 38, pp. 653-656 (2007)) forms an organic film pattern in the form of a pillar or wall with a cell gap height on one side of the substrate.
- a technology for fixing to an opposing substrate using an adhesive is being disclosed.
- the adhesive must be placed only on the pillar or wall, but the technology of micro stamping the adhesive on the pillar or wall has a high process difficulty, it is difficult to control the thickness and area of the adhesive, and the adhesive is not used when joining the upper and lower substrates. There is a high possibility that it will be pushed out, and there is a risk that the adhesive may be contaminated with the alignment film or liquid crystal.
- a spacer and an alignment film are formed on the lower substrate, and an adhesive layer having both liquid crystal alignment and adhesion is formed on the upper substrate and then bonded.
- an adhesive layer having both liquid crystal alignment and adhesion is formed on the upper substrate and then bonded.
- liquid crystal is filled between the adhesive layer and the spacer, but due to liquid crystal contamination at the interface between the adhesive layer and the spacer, the adhesive strength between the area with liquid crystal and the area without liquid crystal shows a significant difference, and during the post-electrode process, Low adhesion causes problems such as delamination between layers.
- pressure due to the interlayer peeling phenomenon and overflow due to residual liquid crystal at the interface may occur.
- the task of this application is to properly maintain the cell gap of the liquid crystal cell, have excellent adhesion between the upper and lower substrates, and prevent pressure and overflow of the liquid crystal that may occur during the bonding process of the outer substrate due to interlayer separation that may occur during the post-electrode process.
- the goal is to provide liquid crystal cells and optical devices that can solve the problem.
- the physical properties mentioned in this specification are those measured at room temperature, unless otherwise specified.
- room temperature refers to the natural temperature that is not heated or reduced, and is usually a temperature in the range of about 10°C to 30°C, or about 23°C or about 25°C. Additionally, unless specifically stated otherwise in the specification, the unit of temperature is °C.
- the physical properties mentioned in this specification in cases where the measurement pressure affects the results, unless otherwise specified, the physical properties are those measured at normal pressure.
- the term normal pressure refers to the natural temperature that is not pressurized or decompressed, and usually about 1 atmosphere is referred to as atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 1 exemplarily shows a liquid crystal cell of the present application.
- the liquid crystal cell includes an upper substrate including a first substrate layer (10a) and an adhesive layer (10c) and a lower substrate including a second substrate layer (20a) and a spacer (20c), between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- the region may be divided into a liquid crystal region 100 containing the liquid crystal compound 30 and a non-liquid crystal region 200a and 200b not containing the liquid crystal compound 30.
- the non-liquid crystal region may be filled with air.
- the non-liquid crystal area can be used as a bezel portion of the liquid crystal cell.
- the liquid crystal cell of the present application can ensure fairness of the liquid crystal cell by controlling the width of the non-liquid crystal area, and can control defects during the bonding process of the outer substrate.
- the width (W1 or W2) of the non-liquid crystal region may be 4 mm or more. In the area where liquid crystal exists between the upper and lower substrates, the above defects can easily occur because the adhesion between the upper and lower substrates is poor. According to the present invention, the problem of the present invention can be solved by securing the width of the non-liquid crystal region above a predetermined range and ensuring appropriate adhesion between the upper and lower substrates of the liquid crystal cell.
- the width (W1 or W2) of the non-liquid crystal region may be 5 mm or more, 6 mm or more, 7 mm or more, 8 mm or more, 9 mm or more, or 10 mm or more. If the width (W1, W2) of the non-liquid crystal area is within the above range, it is possible to solve liquid crystal squeezing and overflow defects that may occur during the bonding process of the outer substrate due to interlayer separation that may occur during the post-electrode process.
- the width (W1 or W2) of the non-liquid crystal region is, for example, 200 mm or less, 180 mm or less, 160 mm or less, 140 mm or less, 120 mm or less, 100 mm or less, 80 mm or less, 60 mm or less, 40 mm or less. It may be 20 mm or less or 15 mm or less.
- the length of the non-liquid crystal region and the length of the liquid crystal region may each be substantially equal to the length of the second base layer in the longitudinal direction.
- the difference (L 1 -L 2 ) between the length of the non-liquid crystal region (L 1 ) and the length of the liquid crystal region (L 2 ) may be, for example, 10 mm or less, 5 mm or less, 3 mm or less, or 1 mm or less. there is.
- the non-liquid crystal region may have a line shape extending in a first direction.
- the first direction may be the longitudinal (transverse) direction of the first base layer and/or the second base layer.
- the longitudinal direction of the first base layer and/or the second base layer is parallel to the longest side among the sides forming the polygon when the plane of the first base layer and/or the second base layer has a polygonal shape. It can mean one direction. When all sides forming the polygon have the same length, it may mean a direction parallel to any side among the sides forming the polygon.
- the plane of the first base layer and/or the second base layer may have a square shape, more specifically a rectangular shape. In one example, when the plane of the first base layer and/or the second base layer is rectangular, the first direction may mean the horizontal direction of the rectangle.
- the non-liquid crystal region may be located on the side of the liquid crystal region.
- the non-liquid crystal area may be located on both sides of the liquid crystal area or may be located on one side of the liquid crystal area.
- Figures 2 and 3 each exemplarily show the structure of the liquid crystal cell observed from the top. That is, Figures 2 and 3 exemplarily show the structure of the liquid crystal cell observed from the upper substrate side with the lower substrate touching the floor.
- Figure 2 shows an example liquid crystal cell in which non-liquid crystal areas 200a and 200b are located on both sides of the liquid crystal area 100.
- the non-liquid crystal region may be located on the first side and the second side of the liquid crystal region.
- the first non-liquid crystal region 200a, the liquid crystal region 100, and the second non-liquid crystal region 200b may exist in that order.
- the non-liquid crystal region 200a located on the first side of the liquid crystal region 100 and the non-liquid crystal region 200b located on the second side of the liquid crystal region 100 may not be in contact with each other.
- the non-liquid crystal region 200a located on the first side of the liquid crystal region 100 and the non-liquid crystal region 200b located on the second side of the liquid crystal region 100 may be parallel to each other.
- the widths of the non-liquid crystal area 200a and 200b may each be within the above range. In one example, the widths of the non-liquid crystal area 200a and 200b may be the same.
- Figure 3 shows an example liquid crystal cell in which the non-liquid crystal area 200 is located on one side of the liquid crystal area 100. As shown in FIG. 3, the non-liquid crystal region may be located on only one of the sides of the liquid crystal region. When observing the liquid crystal cell from the top, the liquid crystal area 100 and the non-liquid crystal area 200 may exist in that order.
- the method of forming the liquid crystal region and the non-liquid crystal region between the upper substrate and the lower substrate is not particularly limited.
- a liquid crystal layer is formed in the region corresponding to the liquid crystal region, and the non-liquid crystal region is formed.
- a method of bonding the upper substrate after not forming a liquid crystal layer in the corresponding area can be used.
- the liquid crystal cell may be stacked with the upper and lower substrates arranged in a staggered manner.
- FIG. 1 there may be a region on the side of the non-liquid crystal region where only one of the upper substrate and the lower substrate exists.
- Conductive tapes 400a and 400b extending in the first direction may be formed on one of the substrates.
- Figure 2 exemplarily shows a region 300a in which only one of the upper and lower substrates exists at both ends of the liquid crystal cell, and a region 300b in which only the other of the upper and lower substrates exists. .
- the area where only the upper substrate exists at the end of the liquid crystal cell may be referred to as the area where the upper substrate is exposed, and the area where only the lower substrate exists at the end of the liquid crystal cell may be referred to as the area where the lower substrate is exposed.
- Figure 1 exemplarily shows a structure including both the regions 300a and 300b.
- Figure 3 exemplarily shows a region 300 in which only one of the upper substrate and the lower substrate exists at one end of the liquid crystal cell.
- the conductive tape 400 may be formed on the area 300.
- Conductive tape can act as a permeator to enable liquid crystal cells to operate uniformly.
- the width of the conductive tape may for example range from 1 mm to 200 mm.
- Figure 4 shows the configuration of the liquid crystal cell in more detail by showing the liquid crystal area of the liquid crystal cell.
- the area where the upper substrate is exposed, and/or the area where the lower substrate is exposed, the first base layer, the first electrode layer, the adhesive layer, the second base layer, and the second electrode layer below Matters regarding spacers and alignment films may be equally applied.
- the upper substrate of the liquid crystal cell may include the first base layer 10a, and the lower substrate may include the second base layer 20a.
- inorganic films or polymer films such as glass film, crystalline or amorphous silicon film, quartz, or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film can be used as the first base layer and the second base layer, and can be used as a flexible element.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- polymer films can be used.
- the first base layer and the second base layer may each be a polymer film.
- Polymer films include triacetyl cellulose (TAC); COP (cyclo olefin copolymer) such as norbornene derivatives; PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate); PC(polycarbonate); PE(polyethylene); PP(polypropylene); PVA(polyvinyl alcohol); DAC(diacetyl cellulose); Pac(Polyacrylate); PES(poly ether sulfone); PEEK(polyetheretherketone) ); PPS (polyphenylsulfone), PEI (polyetherimide); PEN (polyethylenemaphthatlate); PET (polyethyleneterephtalate); PI (polyimide); PSF (polysulfone); PAR (polyarylate) or amorphous fluororesin can be used, but are limited to these. No. If necessary, a coating layer of a silicon compound such as
- the thickness of the first base layer and the second base layer may each be from about 10 ⁇ m to about 1,000 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the first base layer and the second base layer is about 20 ⁇ m or more, 40 ⁇ m or more, 60 ⁇ m or more, 80 ⁇ m or more, 100 ⁇ m or more, 120 ⁇ m or more, 140 ⁇ m or more, 160 ⁇ m or more, or about It may be 180 ⁇ m or more, about 900 ⁇ m or less, 800 ⁇ m or less, 700 ⁇ m or less, 600 ⁇ m or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, or about 400 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the first base layer and the second base layer satisfies the above range, it may be advantageous to reduce appearance defects such as wrinkles when manufacturing an optical device by bonding a liquid crystal cell with an outer substrate.
- the adhesive layer 20c may be present on the inner surface of the first base layer 10a.
- the “inner surface” of a component included in a liquid crystal cell may refer to the surface facing the liquid crystal layer (a layer in which a liquid crystal compound exists).
- the storage modulus of the adhesive layer at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz may range from 0.2 MPa to 10 MPa.
- the storage modulus of the adhesive layer may be 0.3 MPa or more or 0.5 MPa or more, and may be 8 MPa or less, 6 MPa or less, 4 MPa or less, or 2 MPa or less.
- the loss modulus of the adhesive layer at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz may be in the range of 0.5 MPa to 2 MPa.
- the loss modulus of the adhesive layer may specifically be 0.6 MPa or more, 0.7 MPa or more, or 0.8 MPa or more, and may be 1.8 MPa or less, 1.6 MPa or less, 1.4 MPa or less, or 1.2 MPa or less. If the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer inside the liquid crystal cell is too low, it may be difficult to maintain the cell gap of the liquid crystal cell, and if the elastic modulus of the adhesive layer inside the liquid crystal cell is too high, it may be difficult to provide an adhesive effect, so the elastic modulus must be within the above range. It can be advantageous. In one example, the storage modulus of the adhesive layer may have a lower value than the loss modulus.
- the adhesive layer may be optically transparent.
- the adhesive layer may have an average transmittance of about 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more in the visible light region, for example, a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the adhesive layer may be a liquid crystal alignment adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layer may be, for example, a vertically oriented adhesive layer or a horizontally oriented adhesive layer.
- vertical alignment adhesive may refer to an adhesive that provides vertical alignment force to an adjacent liquid crystal compound and at the same time has an adhesive force capable of adhering the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- horizontal alignment adhesive may refer to an adhesive that provides a horizontal alignment force to an adjacent liquid crystal compound and at the same time has an adhesive force capable of bonding the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal compound relative to the vertically oriented adhesive may be in the range of 80 degrees to 90 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, or about 87 degrees to 90 degrees, and the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal compound relative to the horizontally oriented adhesive may be in the range. This may be in the range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees, 0 degrees to 5 degrees, or 0 degrees to 3 degrees.
- the pretilt angle may refer to the angle formed by the director of the liquid crystal compound with respect to the liquid crystal alignment adhesive or the alignment film and the horizontal plane in a state in which no voltage is applied.
- the director of the liquid crystal compound may refer to the optical axis or slow axis of the liquid crystal layer.
- the director of the liquid crystal compound may mean the long axis direction if the liquid crystal compound is rod-shaped, and may mean an axis parallel to the normal direction of the disk plane if the liquid crystal compound is disk-shaped.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer may range from 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, for example. If the thickness of the adhesive layer is within the above range, it can be advantageous to ensure adhesion between the upper substrate and the lower substrate and minimize defects such as pressing or crowding of the adhesive when used in the manufacture of a liquid crystal cell.
- the adhesive layer various types of adhesives known in the industry as so-called OCA (Optically Clear Adhesive) can be appropriately used.
- the adhesive may be different from an OCR (Optically Clear Resin) type adhesive that hardens after the adhesive object is cemented in that it is cured before the adhesive object is cemented.
- the adhesive may be, for example, an acrylic, silicone, epoxy, or urethane adhesive.
- the adhesive layer may include a cured product of an adhesive resin.
- the adhesive layer may include a silicone-based adhesive.
- the silicone-based adhesive may include a cured product of a curable silicone compound as an adhesive resin.
- the type of the curable silicone compound is not particularly limited, and for example, a heat-curable silicone compound or an ultraviolet curable silicone compound can be used.
- the curable silicone compound may be referred to as an adhesive resin.
- the curable silicone compound may be an addition curable silicone compound.
- the addition-curable silicone compound may include (1) organopolysiloxane containing two or more alkenyl groups in the molecule and (2) organopolysiloxane containing two or more silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in the molecule. It is not limited to this.
- the above silicone compound can form a cured product through an addition reaction, for example, in the presence of a catalyst described later.
- organopolysiloxane (1) that can be used in the present application include dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymer with trimethylsiloxane groups blocked at both ends of the molecular chain, methylvinylpolysiloxane with blocked trimethylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain, and methylvinylpolysiloxane with blocked trimethylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group other than an alkenyl group, and specifically, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group; Aryl groups such as phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, or naphthyl group; Aralkyl groups such as benzyl group or penentyl group; It may be a halogen-substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group, 3-chloropropyl group, or 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group.
- an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group
- Aryl groups such as phen
- R 2 is an alkenyl group, and may specifically be a vinyl group, an allyl group, a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, or a heptenyl group.
- More specific examples of the (2) organopolysiloxane that can be used in the present application include methylhydrogenpolysiloxane with trimethylsiloxane groups blocked at both ends of the molecular chain, dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogen copolymer with blocked trimethylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain, and molecular chain Dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane copolymer with blocked trimethylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain, dimethylpolysiloxane with blocked dimethylhydrogensiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain, dimethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane copolymer with blocked dimethylhydrogensiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain , methylphenylpolysiloxane with dimethylhydrogensiloxane groups blocked at both ends of the molecular chain,
- An organopolysiloxane copolymer comprising a siloxane unit represented by R 1 2 HSiO 1/2 and a siloxane unit represented by SiO 4/2 , a siloxane unit represented by R 1 HSiO 2/2 and an organopolysiloxane copolymer containing a siloxane unit represented by R 1 SiO 3/2 or a siloxane unit represented by HSiO 3/2 , and a mixture of two or more of the above, but is not limited thereto.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group other than an alkenyl group, and specifically, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group; Aryl groups such as phenyl group, tolyl group, xylyl group, or naphthyl group; Aralkyl groups such as benzyl group or penentyl group; It may be a halogen-substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group, 3-chloropropyl group, or 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group.
- an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group
- Aryl groups such as phen
- R 2 is an alkenyl group, and may specifically be a vinyl group, an allyl group, a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, or a heptenyl group.
- the surface energy of the adhesive layer when the adhesive layer is a vertically oriented adhesive layer, the surface energy of the adhesive layer may be 16 mN/m or less.
- the lower limit of the surface energy may be, for example, 5 mN/m or more.
- the surface energy of the adhesive layer when the adhesive layer is a horizontally oriented adhesive layer, the surface energy of the adhesive layer may be greater than 16 mN/m.
- the upper limit of the surface energy may be, for example, 50 mN/m or less.
- Surface energy can be measured using a drop shape analyzer (KRUSS DSA100 product).
- the process of dropping deionized water whose surface tension is known on the surface of the adhesive and calculating the contact angle is repeated five times, the average of the five obtained contact angle values is calculated, and similarly, the surface tension is known.
- the process of dropping diiodomethane and finding the contact angle is repeated 5 times, and the average of the 5 contact angle values obtained is obtained.
- the surface energy was obtained by substituting the surface tension value (Strom value) of the solvent using the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method using the obtained average value of the contact angle for deionized water and diiodomethane.
- the ratio of the polar term ( ⁇ polar) to the surface energy ⁇ surface is calculated as the surface energy ⁇ surface. It can be defined as the polarity of .
- the upper and lower substrates of the liquid crystal cell may be attached by an adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layer of the upper substrate and the spacer of the lower substrate may be attached.
- a region of the alignment film corresponding to the spacer may be attached to the adhesive layer of the upper substrate.
- the liquid crystal area may be referred to as an active area.
- the liquid crystal compound within the liquid crystal region can switch its orientation state by application of voltage.
- a liquid crystal compound whose orientation direction can be changed by the application of an external action can be used.
- the term “external action” may mean any external factor that can affect the behavior of the material included in the liquid crystal layer, for example, external voltage. Therefore, a state in which there is no external action may mean a state in which there is no application of an external voltage, etc.
- the type and physical properties of the liquid crystal compound may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
- the liquid crystal compound may be a nematic liquid crystal or a smectic liquid crystal.
- a nematic liquid crystal may refer to a liquid crystal in which rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules are arranged in parallel in the direction of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules although there is no regularity in position
- a smectic liquid crystal refers to a liquid crystal in which rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules are arranged regularly to form a layer. It can refer to liquid crystals that form a structured structure and are arranged in parallel with regularity in the direction of the long axis.
- the liquid crystal compound may be a nematic liquid crystal compound.
- Nematic liquid crystal compounds have, for example, a clearing point of about 40°C or higher, 50°C or higher, 60°C or higher, 70°C or higher, 80°C or higher, 90°C or higher, 100°C or higher, or about 110°C or higher.
- a phase transition point in the above range i.e., a phase transition point from a nematic phase to an isotropic phase
- the clearing point or phase transition point may be about 160°C or less, 150°C or less, or about 140°C or less.
- the liquid crystal compound may be a non-reactive liquid crystal compound.
- a non-reactive liquid crystal compound may mean a liquid crystal compound that does not have a polymerizable group.
- the polymerizable group include, but are not limited to, an acryloyl group, acryloyloxy group, methacryloyl group, methacryloyloxy group, carboxyl group, hydroxy group, vinyl group, or epoxy group, and are not limited to these, and are known as polymerizable groups.
- Functional groups may be included.
- Liquid crystal compounds may have positive or negative dielectric anisotropy.
- the absolute value of the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
- the term “dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ )” may refer to the difference ( ⁇ //- ⁇ ) between the horizontal dielectric constant ( ⁇ //) and the vertical dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) of the liquid crystal.
- the term horizontal dielectric constant ( ⁇ //) refers to a dielectric constant value measured along the direction of the electric field while applying a voltage so that the direction of the electric field due to the director of the liquid crystal compound and the applied voltage is substantially horizontal
- the vertical dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) refers to the dielectric constant value measured along the direction of the electric field while applying a voltage so that the direction of the electric field caused by the applied voltage is substantially perpendicular to the director of the liquid crystal compound.
- the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may be in the range of 5 to 25.
- the refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n) of the liquid crystal compound may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
- the term “refractive index anisotropy” may mean the difference (n e -n o ) between the abnormal refractive index (n e , extraordinary refractive index) and the normal refractive index (n o , ordinary refractive index) of the liquid crystal compound.
- the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may be, for example, 0.01 to 0.3.
- the refractive index anisotropy may be 0.01 or more, 0.05 or more, or 0.07 or more, and may be 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, 0.15 or less, or 0.13 or less.
- the liquid crystal layer (a layer in which the liquid crystal compound exists) may further include a dichroic dye.
- a dichroic dye even if the liquid crystal cell contains an adhesive layer, it is less affected by variations in the cell gap during the bonding process of the outer substrate, thereby ensuring structural stability and uniformity of quality of the liquid crystal cell.
- the thickness of the middle layer can be relatively thin.
- Dichroic dyes can control the variable light transmittance properties of the liquid crystal layer.
- “dye” may refer to a material that can intensively absorb and/or modify light within at least part or the entire range of visible light, for example, within the 400 nm to 700 nm wavelength range
- the term “Dichroic dye” may refer to a material capable of anisotropic absorption of light in at least part or the entire range of the visible light region.
- the liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye may be a GHLC layer (Guest host liquid crystal layer).
- the ⁇ GHLC layer (Guest host liquid crystal layer) ⁇ refers to dichroic dyes arranged together according to the arrangement of the liquid crystal compound, so that anisotropic light is generated with respect to the alignment direction of the dichroic dye and the direction perpendicular to the alignment direction. It may refer to a functional layer that exhibits absorption properties.
- a dichroic dye is a material whose light absorption rate varies depending on the polarization direction. If the absorption rate of light polarized in the major axis direction is high, it is called a p-type dye.
- the absorption rate of light polarized in the minor axis direction is high, it is called an n-type dye. It can be called.
- a p-type dye polarized light vibrating in the long axis direction of the dye is absorbed, and polarized light vibrating in the short axis direction of the dye has low absorption and can be transmitted.
- the dichroic dye is assumed to be a p-type dye.
- the dichroic dye for example, a known dye known to have the property of being aligned according to the alignment state of the liquid crystal compound by the so-called guest host effect can be selected and used.
- dichroic dyes include azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, methine dyes, azomethine dyes, merocyanine dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, tetrazine dyes, phenylene dyes, quitarylene dyes, benzothiadiazole dyes, etc.
- Examples include iketopyrrolopyrrole dye, squarane dye, or pyromethene dye, but the dyes applicable to the present application are not limited to the above.
- the dichroic ratio of the dichroic dye is 5 or more, 6 or more, or 7 or more. You can.
- the dye may satisfy the dichroic ratio at at least some or any wavelength within the wavelength range of the visible light region, for example, about 380 nm to 700 nm or about 400 nm to 700 nm.
- the upper limit of the dichroic ratio may be, for example, 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, or 14 or less.
- the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal layer may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
- the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal layer may be 0.2% by weight or more.
- the content of the dichroic dye may specifically be 0.5% by weight or more, 1% by weight or more, 2% by weight or more, or 3% by weight or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the dichroic dye may be, for example, 10 wt% or less, 9 wt% or less, 8 wt% or less, 6 wt% or less, or 5 wt% or less.
- the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal layer is too small, it may be difficult to develop the desired transmittance variable characteristics, and it may be insufficient to reduce the thickness of the middle layer to reduce the variation in the cell gap that may occur during the bonding process of the outer substrate. there is.
- the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal layer is too high, there is a risk of precipitation. Therefore, it may be advantageous for the content of the dichroic dye to be within the above range.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited, for example, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is about 0.01 ⁇ m or more, 0.05 ⁇ m or more, 0.1 ⁇ m or more, 0.5 ⁇ m or more, 1 ⁇ m or more, 1.5 ⁇ m or more, 2 ⁇ m or more, 2.5 ⁇ m It may be more than 3 ⁇ m, 3.5 ⁇ m or more, 4 ⁇ m or more, 4.5 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, 5.5 ⁇ m or more, or 6 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited, and may generally be about 30 ⁇ m or less, 25 ⁇ m or less, 20 ⁇ m or less, or 15 ⁇ m or less. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer may be determined depending on the height of the spacer.
- the liquid crystal layer can switch between a first alignment state and a second alignment state that is different from the first alignment state.
- the switching can be controlled, for example, through the application of external energy such as voltage.
- the liquid crystal layer may be maintained in one of the first and second orientation states when no voltage is applied, and then switched to another orientation state by applying voltage.
- the first orientation state may be a twist orientation state. That is, the liquid crystal layer can switch between a twist orientation and an orientation state different from the twist orientation through application of external energy.
- the liquid crystal layer can switch between twisted and homeotropic states.
- the liquid crystal layer may be in a vertical alignment state when no voltage is applied, and may be in a twist alignment state when a voltage is applied.
- the “vertical alignment state” is a state in which the director of the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal layer is arranged approximately perpendicular to the plane of the liquid crystal layer.
- the angle formed by the director of the liquid crystal compound with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal layer is: For example, it may be in the range of about 80 degrees to 100 degrees or 85 degrees to 95 degrees, or may be approximately about 90 degrees.
- twist alignment state may mean a helical structure in which the directors of liquid crystal compounds are oriented in layers while twisting along a virtual helical axis within the liquid crystal layer.
- the twist orientation state can be implemented in a vertical, horizontal or inclined orientation state. That is, the vertical twist alignment mode is a state in which individual liquid crystal compounds are vertically aligned and twisted along the spiral axis to form a layer, and the horizontal twist orientation mode is a state in which the individual liquid crystal compounds are horizontally aligned and twisted along the spiral axis to form a layer.
- the inclined twist orientation mode is a state in which individual liquid crystal compounds are twisted along the helical axis in an obliquely aligned state to form a layer.
- the twist orientation state may be a twist orientation state in a horizontal orientation state.
- the ratio (d/p) of the thickness (d) and pitch (p) of the liquid crystal layer may be 20 or less, and the lower limit may be 0.5 or more.
- the optical device can exhibit excellent light transmittance variable characteristics even without including a polarizer.
- the ratio d/p is greater than 0.7 and less than 2.5, it can be called STN (Super Twisted Nematic) mode, and when the ratio d/p is greater than 2.5, it can be called HTN (Highly Twisted Nematic) driving mode. You can.
- the pitch (p) of the liquid crystal layer can be measured by a measurement method using a Wedge cell, and specifically, Simple method for accurate measurements of the cholesteric pitch using a "stripe-wedge Grandjean-Cano cell (Liquid Crystals) by D. Podolskyy et al. , Vol. 35, No. 7, July 2008, 789-791.
- the ratio (d/p) can be achieved by introducing an appropriate amount of chiral dopant into the liquid crystal layer. there is.
- the liquid crystal layer may further include a chiral dopant.
- a twisted alignment state can be implemented.
- the chiral agent or chiral dopant that can be included in the liquid crystal layer is not particularly limited as long as it can induce the desired rotation without damaging the liquid crystallinity, for example, nematic regularity. can be used
- a chiral agent for inducing rotation in a liquid crystal compound must contain at least chirality in its molecular structure.
- Chiral agents include, for example, compounds having one or two or more asymmetric carbons, compounds having an asymmetric point on a heteroatom such as a chiral amine or chiral sulfoxide, or cumulene.
- the chiral agent may be a low molecular weight compound with a molecular weight of 1,500 or less.
- commercially available chiral nematic liquid crystals for example, chiral dopant liquid crystal S-811 available from Merck or LC756 from BASF, etc. may be used.
- the application rate of the chiral dopant is selected so as to achieve the desired ratio (d/p).
- the content (% by weight) of chiral dopant can be calculated using the formula: 100/HTP (Helixcal Twisting power) ⁇ Pitch (p) (nm).
- the HTP represents the strength of the twist of the chiral dopant, and the content of the chiral dopant can be determined considering the desired pitch with reference to the above method.
- the upper substrate of the liquid crystal cell may further include a first electrode layer (10b) between the first base layer (10a) and the adhesive layer (10c).
- the first electrode layer 10b may be in contact with the inner surface of the first base layer 10a.
- the adhesive layer 10c may be in contact with the inner surface of the first electrode layer 10b.
- the lower substrate of the liquid crystal cell may further include a second electrode layer 20b between the second base layer 20a and the spacer 20c.
- the second electrode layer 20b may be in contact with the inner surface of the second base layer 20a.
- the spacer 20c may be in contact with the inner surface of the second electrode layer 20b.
- the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may perform an external action, for example, application of an electric field, so that the material included in the liquid crystal layer transmits or blocks incident light.
- the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode layer may include, but are not limited to, a conductive polymer, a conductive metal, a conductive nanowire, or a metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
- the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode layer may be formed, for example, by depositing the conductive polymer, conductive metal, conductive nanowire, or metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
- the lower substrate of the liquid crystal cell may further include an alignment layer 20d.
- the alignment layer 20d may be present on the spacer 20c. That is, the top surface and/or side surfaces of the spacer 20c may be in contact with the alignment film.
- the lower surface of the spacer 20c may be in contact with the second electrode layer 20b. Because the adhesive layer included in the upper substrate may have liquid crystal alignment, the upper substrate may not include an alignment film. That is, the inner surface of the first electrode layer 10b may not include an alignment film.
- the combination of the first base layer, the first electrode layer, and the adhesive layer may be referred to as the upper substrate, and the combination of the second base layer, the second electrode layer, the spacer, and the alignment film may be referred to as the lower substrate.
- the upper substrate may not include a separate alignment layer other than the adhesive layer, and the lower substrate may include an alignment layer.
- the alignment film and the liquid crystal layer may be in contact with each other.
- the alignment layer may be a vertical alignment layer or a horizontal alignment layer.
- horizontal alignment layer may refer to a layer containing an alignment material that provides a horizontal alignment force to a liquid crystal compound present in an adjacent liquid crystal layer.
- vertical alignment film may refer to a layer containing an alignment material that provides a vertical alignment force to the liquid crystal compound present in the adjacent liquid crystal layer.
- the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal compound with respect to the vertical alignment film may be in the range of 80 degrees to 90 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, or about 87 degrees to 90 degrees, and the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal compound with respect to the horizontal alignment film is 0.
- the alignment film may not have adhesive force to bond the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- the peeling force of the alignment layer against the upper substrate in the state of the liquid crystal cell of FIG. 4 may be close to 0.
- the alignment layer may be a rubbing alignment layer or a photo-alignment layer.
- the orientation direction of the alignment film may be the rubbing direction in the case of a rubbing alignment film, or the direction of irradiated polarized light in the case of a photo-alignment film.
- This orientation direction can be confirmed by a detection method using an absorption-type linear polarizer. Specifically, the alignment direction can be confirmed by placing an absorption-type linear polarizer on one side of the liquid crystal layer while the liquid crystal compound included in the liquid crystal layer is horizontally aligned, and measuring the transmittance while rotating the polarizer 360 degrees.
- the transmittance tends to be low when the absorption axis or transmission axis coincides with the orientation direction of the liquid crystal alignment layer.
- the orientation direction can be confirmed through simulation that reflects the refractive index anisotropy of the applied liquid crystal compound.
- the alignment layer includes polyimide compounds, poly(vinyl alcohol) compounds, poly(amic acid) compounds, polystyrene compounds, polyamide compounds, and polyoxyethylene ( Materials known to exhibit orientation ability through rubbing orientation, such as polyoxyethylene compounds, polyimide compounds, polyamic acid compounds, polynorbornene compounds, and phenylmaleimide copolymer ) compound, polyvinylcinamate compound, polyazobenzene compound, polyethyleneimide compound, polyvinylalcohol compound, polyimide compound, polyethylene compound, polystyrene ( by light irradiation, such as polystylene compounds, polyphenylenephthalamide compounds, polyester compounds, CMPI (chloromethylated polyimide) compounds, PVCI (polyvinylcinnamate) compounds, and polymethyl methacrylate compounds. It may include, but is not limited to, one or more selected from the group consisting of materials known to exhibit orientation ability.
- the spacer 20c can maintain the gap between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- a liquid crystal layer may exist in a region where a spacer does not exist between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- the spacer may be a patterned spacer.
- the spacer may have a column shape or a partition wall shape.
- the partition wall may divide the space between the lower substrate and the upper substrate into two or more spaces.
- another film or layer existing underneath may be exposed.
- the second electrode layer may be exposed in an area where a spacer does not exist.
- the alignment film may cover the spacer and the second electrode layer exposed in the area where the spacer does not exist.
- an alignment film present on top of a spacer of the lower substrate and an adhesive layer of the upper substrate may be in contact with each other.
- a liquid crystal compound and the above-mentioned additives, such as dichroic dyes and chiral agents, may be present in the area where the spacer does not exist between the upper and lower substrates.
- the shape of the spacer is not particularly limited, and can be applied without limitation, for example, to have a circle, ellipse, or other polygonal shape.
- the spacer may include a curable resin.
- the type of curable resin is not particularly limited, and for example, a thermosetting resin or a photo-curable resin, such as an ultraviolet curable resin, can be used.
- Thermosetting resins include, but are not limited to, silicone resin, silicon resin, phran resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, amino resin, phenol resin, urea resin, polyester resin, or melamine resin.
- UV-curable resins are typically acrylic polymers, such as polyester acrylate polymer, polystyrene acrylate polymer, epoxy acrylate polymer, polyurethane acrylate polymer or polybutadiene acrylate polymer, silicone acrylate polymer, or alkyl acrylate. Polymers, etc. may be used, but are not limited thereto.
- the spacer may be formed by a patterning process.
- the spacer may be formed by a photolithographic process.
- the photolithography process may include applying a curable resin composition on a base layer or an electrode layer and then irradiating ultraviolet rays through a pattern mask.
- the pattern mask may be patterned into an ultraviolet ray transmitting area and an ultraviolet ray blocking area.
- the photolithography process may further include a process of washing the curable resin composition irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
- the area irradiated with ultraviolet rays is hardened, and the area not irradiated with ultraviolet rays remains in a liquid state, so it can be removed through a washing process and patterned into a partition shape.
- a release treatment may be performed on the pattern mask to easily separate the resin composition and the pattern mask, or a release paper may be placed between the layer of the resin composition and the pattern mask.
- the width (line width), spacing (pitch), height (thickness), and area of the spacer may be appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present application.
- the width (line width) of the spacer may be in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m or in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the spacing (pitch) of the spacers may be in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m or 100 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the area of the spacer may be about 5% or more and 50% or less of 100% of the total area of the second base layer. When the area of the spacer is within the above range, it may be advantageous to secure excellent electro-optic properties while appropriately securing adhesion between the upper substrate and the lower substrate.
- the height (thickness) of the spacer may range, for example, from 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m or from 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the optical device of the present application may sequentially include a first outer substrate, the liquid crystal cell, and a second outer substrate. At this time, the upper substrate of the liquid crystal cell may be disposed close to the first outer substrate, and the lower substrate of the liquid crystal cell may be disposed close to the second outer substrate.
- the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may each independently be an inorganic substrate or a polymer substrate.
- the inorganic substrate is not particularly limited and any known inorganic substrate can be used.
- a glass substrate with excellent light transparency can be used as an inorganic substrate.
- the glass substrate may be, for example, a soda lime glass substrate, a general tempered glass substrate, a borosilicate glass substrate, or an alkali-free glass substrate, but is not limited thereto.
- the polymer substrate includes cellulose films such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC) or diacetyl cellulose (DAC); COP (cyclo olefin copolymer) films such as norbornene derivatives; Acrylic films such as PAR (polyacrylate) or PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate)); PC (polycarbonate) films; polyolefin films such as PE (polyethylene) or PP (polypropylene); PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) films; PI (polyimide) films; Sulfone-based films such as PSF (polysulfone) film, PPS (polyphenylsulfone) film, or PES (polyethersulfone) film; PEEK (polyetheretherketon) film; PEI (polyetherimide) film; Polyester such as PEN (polyethylenenaphthatlate) film or PET (polyethyleneterephtalate) film -based film; or fluororesin film,
- the first and second outer substrates may each be coated with a coating layer of gold, silver, or a silicon compound such as silicon dioxide or silicon monoxide, if necessary.
- a functional layer such as an anti-reflection layer may be present.
- first outer substrate and/or the second outer substrate may be a glass substrate.
- the area of the first outer substrate and/or the second outer substrate may be larger than the area of the first base layer and/or the second base layer.
- the thickness of the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may each be about 0.3 mm or more. In other examples, the thickness may be at least about 0.5 mm, at least 1 mm, at least 1.5 mm, or at least about 2 mm, and at most about 10 mm, at most 9 mm, at most 8 mm, at most 7 mm, at most 6 mm, at most 5 mm. , may be 4 mm or less or about 3 mm or less.
- the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may be flat substrates or substrates having a curved shape.
- the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may be flat substrates, may have curved surfaces at the same time, or one may be a flat substrate and the other may be a curved substrate.
- each curvature or radius of curvature may be the same or different.
- the curvature or radius of curvature can be measured in a manner known in the industry, for example, using non-contact equipment such as a 2D Profile Laser Sensor, Chromatic confocal line sensor, or 3D Measuring Confocal Microscopy. It can be measured using . Methods of measuring curvature or radius of curvature using such equipment are known.
- the first outer substrate and the second outer substrate may each be a double-curved substrate.
- the autoclave process described later is performed under process conditions such as reduced pressure, increased pressure, or high pressure. Uneven stress may occur due to the double curved surface of the outer substrate, and especially under reduced pressure conditions, the adhesion force between the upper and lower substrates may be low. In this case, delamination between layers may occur.
- the flow of liquid crystal due to interlayer delamination can cause squeezing and overflow defects.
- the above defect can easily occur in the area where liquid crystal exists between the upper and lower substrates because the adhesion is poorer.
- the above defect can be solved by ensuring that the width of the non-liquid crystal region is more than a predetermined range.
- the optical device may further include at least one adhesive layer positioned between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal cell, and between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal cell.
- the optical device may further include a first adhesive layer between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal cell and a second adhesive layer between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal cell.
- One side of the first adhesive layer may be in direct contact with the first outer substrate, and the other side may be in direct contact with the liquid crystal cell.
- One side of the second adhesive layer may be in direct contact with the second outer substrate, and the other side may be in direct contact with the liquid crystal cell.
- a being in direct contact with B may mean a state in which A and B are in direct contact with each other without an intermediate between A and B.
- the optical device may further include at least one intermediate layer located between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal cell, and between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal cell.
- the intermediate layer may be, for example, a polarizer.
- the optical device may include a first polarizer positioned between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal cell, and may include a second polarizer positioned between the second outer substrate and the liquid crystal cell.
- the optical device further includes a first polarizer and a second polarizer, a first adhesive layer between the first outer substrate and the first polarizer, a second adhesive layer between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal cell and the second polarizer. It may further include a third adhesive layer between the second polarizer and the second outer substrate.
- one side of the first adhesive layer may be in direct contact with the first outer substrate, and the other side may be in direct contact with the first polarizer.
- One side of the second adhesive layer may be in direct contact with the first polarizer, and the other side may be in direct contact with the liquid crystal cell.
- One side of the third adhesive layer may be in direct contact with the liquid crystal cell, and the other side may be in direct contact with the second polarizer.
- One side of the fourth adhesive layer may be in direct contact with the second polarizer, and the other side may be in direct contact with the second outer substrate.
- polarizer refers to a film, sheet, or device that has a polarizing function.
- a polarizer is a functional element that can extract light vibrating in one direction from incident light vibrating in multiple directions.
- the first polarizer and the second polarizer may be an absorptive polarizer or a reflective polarizer, respectively.
- an absorption-type polarizer refers to an element that exhibits selective transmission and absorption characteristics for incident light.
- an absorptive polarizer may transmit light vibrating in one direction from incident light vibrating in several directions and absorb light vibrating in other directions.
- a reflective polarizer refers to an element that exhibits selective transmission and reflection characteristics for incident light.
- a reflective polarizer may transmit light vibrating in one direction from incident light vibrating in several directions and reflect light vibrating in other directions.
- the polarizer may be an absorption-type polarizer.
- the first polarizer and the second polarizer may each be a linear polarizer.
- a linear polarizer refers to a case where the selectively transmitted light is linearly polarized light that vibrates in a certain direction, and the light that is selectively absorbed or reflected is linearly polarized light that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light.
- the light transmission axis and the light absorption axis may be perpendicular to each other.
- the light transmission axis and the light reflection axis may be perpendicular to each other.
- the first polarizer and the second polarizer may each be a stretched polymer film dyed with iodine or an anisotropic dye.
- the polymer stretched film may be, for example, a PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)) stretched film.
- the first polarizer and the second polarizer may each be a guest-host type polarizer in which a liquid crystal polymerized in an aligned state is used as a host, and an anisotropic dye arranged according to the orientation of the liquid crystal is used as a guest.
- the first polarizer and the second polarizer may be a thermotropic liquid crystal film or a lyotropic liquid crystal film, respectively.
- a protective film, an anti-reflection film, a retardation film, an adhesive layer, an adhesive layer, a surface treatment layer, etc. may be additionally formed on one or both sides of the first polarizer and the second polarizer, respectively.
- a material for the protective film for example, a thermoplastic resin with excellent transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier properties, or isotropy can be used.
- Such resins include cellulose resins such as TAC (triacetyl cellulose), polyester resins, polyethersulfone resins, polysulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins, (meth)acrylic resins, Cyclic polyolefin resins such as norbornene resins, polyarylate resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, or mixtures of the above may be exemplified.
- the retardation film may be, for example, a 1/4 wave plate or a 1/2 wave plate.
- the quarter wave plate may have an in-plane retardation value in the range of about 100 nm to 180 nm, 100 nm, or 150 nm for light of 550 nm wavelength.
- the 1/2 wave plate may have an in-plane retardation value in the range of about 200 nm to 300 nm or 250 nm to 300 nm for light of 550 nm wavelength.
- the retardation film may be, for example, a stretched polymer film or a liquid crystal polymer film.
- the transmittance of the first polarizer and the second polarizer for light with a wavelength of 550 nm may be in the range of 40% to 50%, respectively.
- the transmittance may refer to the single transmittance of the polarizer for light with a wavelength of 550 nm.
- the single transmittance of the polarizer can be measured using, for example, a spectrometer (V7100, manufactured by Jasco). For example, with the polarizer sample (without upper and lower protective films) mounted on the device, air is set as the base line, and the axis of the polarizer sample is aligned vertically and horizontally with the axis of the reference polarizer, and each transmittance is measured. After measurement, the group transmittance can be calculated.
- the light transmission axis of the first polarizer and the light transmission axis of the second polarizer may be perpendicular to each other.
- the angle between the light transmission axis of the first polarizer and the light transmission axis of the second polarizer may be in the range of 80 degrees to 100 degrees or 85 degrees to 95 degrees.
- the thickness of the second adhesive layer between the first intermediate layer and the liquid crystal cell and the third adhesive layer between the second intermediate layer and the liquid crystal cell may each be 380 ⁇ m or less.
- the separation distance between the first polarizer and the second polarizer may be 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the storage modulus of the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and/or the fourth adhesive layer may be higher than the storage modulus of the adhesive layer included in each liquid crystal cell.
- the loss modulus of the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and/or the fourth adhesive layer may be higher than the loss modulus of the adhesive layer included in each liquid crystal cell.
- the storage modulus of the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and/or the fourth adhesive layer at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz may each range from 1 MPa to 100 MPa.
- the storage modulus may be 3 MPa or more, 80 MPa or less, 60 MPa or less, 40 MPa or less, 20 MPa or less, or 10 MPa or less.
- the loss modulus of the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and/or the fourth adhesive layer at a temperature of 25° C. and a frequency of 1 Hz may each range from 1 MPa to 100 MPa.
- the loss modulus may be 1 MPa or more, 80 MPa or less, 60 MPa or less, 40 MPa or less, 20 MPa or less, or 10 MPa or less.
- the storage modulus of the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and/or the fourth adhesive layer may each have a higher value than the loss modulus.
- the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and/or the fourth adhesive layer may have a Young's modulus (E) in the range of 0.1 MPa to 100 MPa.
- the Young's modulus (E) of the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and/or the fourth adhesive layer is 0.2 MPa or more, 0.4 MPa or more, 0.6 MPa or more, 0.8 MPa or more, 1 MPa or more, 5 It may be greater than or equal to about 10 MPa, less than or equal to about 95 MPa, less than or equal to 80 MPa, less than or equal to 75 MPa, less than or equal to 70 MPa, less than or equal to 65 MPa, less than or equal to 60 MPa, less than or equal to 55 MPa, or less than or equal to about 50 MPa.
- the Young's modulus (E) can be measured, for example, by the method specified in ASTM D882, by cutting the film into the shape provided by the standard and measuring the stress-strain curve (force and length). (that can be measured simultaneously), for example, can be measured using a UTM (Universal testing machine). If the Young's modulus of the adhesive layers included in the optical device is within the above range, it may be more advantageous to ensure excellent durability of the optical device. When the adhesive layer is a laminate of at least two sub-adhesive layers, each sub-middle layer may satisfy the Young's modulus range.
- the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and/or the fourth adhesive layer may each have a thermal expansion coefficient of 2,000 ppm/K or less.
- the thermal expansion coefficient is, in other examples, about 1,900 ppm/K or less, 1,700 ppm/K or less, 1,600 ppm/K or less, or about 1.500 ppm/K or less, or about 10 ppm/K or more, 20 ppm/K or more, or 30 ppm.
- ppm/K or higher 40 ppm/K or higher, 50 ppm/K or higher, 60 ppm/K or higher, 70 ppm/K or higher, 80 ppm/K or higher, 90 ppm/K or higher, 100 ppm/K or higher, 200 ppm/K It may be 300 ppm/K or more, 400 ppm/K or more, 500 ppm/K or more, 60 ppm/K or more, 700 ppm/K or more, or about 800 ppm/K or more.
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the adhesive layer can be measured, for example, according to the specifications of ASTM D696, and the thermal expansion coefficient can be calculated by cutting it into the shape provided by the standard and measuring the change in length per unit temperature, and TMA ( It can be measured by known methods such as ThermoMechanic Analysis). If the thermal expansion coefficient of the adhesive layers included in the optical device is within the above range, it may be more advantageous to ensure excellent durability of the optical device.
- the middle layer is a laminate of at least two sub-adhesive layers, each sub-adhesive layer may satisfy the above range of thermal expansion coefficient.
- the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and/or the fourth adhesive layer are respectively a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) adhesive layer, a polyamide adhesive layer, a polyester adhesive layer, and EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate). ) It may be an adhesive layer, an acrylic adhesive layer, a silicone adhesive layer, or a polyolefin adhesive layer. According to an embodiment of the present application, the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and the fourth adhesive layer may each be a thermoplastic polyurethane adhesive layer.
- the total thickness of the adhesive layers included in the optical device may be 200 ⁇ m or more.
- the sum of the total thickness of the adhesive layer may mean the sum of the thicknesses of all adhesive layers included in the optical device.
- it may mean the sum of the thicknesses of the adhesive layers.
- it may mean the sum of the thicknesses of the adhesives.
- the total thickness of the adhesive layer may be specifically 500 ⁇ m or more, 1,000 ⁇ m or more, 1,500 ⁇ m or more, or 2,000 ⁇ m or more.
- the total thickness of the adhesive layer may be, for example, about 6,000 ⁇ m or less, 5,000 ⁇ m or less, 4,000 ⁇ m or less, or 3,000 ⁇ m or less. If the total thickness of the adhesive layer is too thick, electro-optical properties such as transmittance properties of the optical device may be reduced, so it may be advantageous for the total thickness to be within the above range.
- the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer, the third adhesive layer, and/or the fourth adhesive layer may each have a single-layer structure of one adhesive layer, or may be a laminate of two or more sub-adhesive layers.
- the thickness and number of sub adhesive layers can be controlled considering the thickness of the desired intermediate layer.
- the thickness of the single-layer adhesive layer or sub-middle layer may be in the range of 100 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m or 300 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m.
- the optical device may further include an outer layer surrounding the sides of the liquid crystal cell.
- the top area of the liquid crystal cell may be smaller than the top area of the first or second outer substrate. Additionally, the top area of the liquid crystal cell may be smaller than the top areas of the first to fourth adhesive layers included in the optical device. Additionally, the top area of the liquid crystal cell may be smaller than the top areas of the first and second intermediate layers included in the optical device.
- the liquid crystal cell may be encapsulated by a first to fourth adhesive layer and an outer layer.
- the term encapsulation may mean covering the entire liquid crystal cell with an adhesive layer and an outer layer.
- a first outer substrate, a first adhesive layer, a first polarizer, a second adhesive layer, a liquid crystal cell, a third adhesive layer, a second polarizer, a fourth adhesive layer, and a second outer substrate can be implemented by compressing a laminate including an outer layer sequentially and surrounding the side of the liquid crystal cell in a vacuum state. This encapsulation structure greatly improves the durability and weather resistance of optical devices, and as a result, they can be reliably applied to outdoor applications such as sunroofs.
- the outer layer may include, for example, a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) adhesive, a polyamide adhesive, a polyester adhesive, an Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) adhesive, an acrylic adhesive, a silicone adhesive, or a polyolefin adhesive.
- TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
- EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
- acrylic adhesive acrylic adhesive
- silicone adhesive silicone adhesive
- polyolefin adhesive a polyolefin adhesive
- the outer layer may be formed of the same material as the first to fourth adhesive layers.
- the physical properties of the outer layer may be the same as those described for the first adhesive layer and the second adhesive layer.
- the present application also relates to a method of manufacturing an optical device.
- the method of manufacturing the optical device includes sequentially a first outer substrate, a first adhesive layer, a liquid crystal cell, a second adhesive layer, and a second outer substrate. It may include preparing a laminate including an outer layer surrounding the side of the liquid crystal cell and autoclaving the laminate.
- the optical device when the optical device includes a first polarizer and a second polarizer as an intermediate layer, a first outer substrate, a first adhesive layer, a first polarizer, a second adhesive layer, a liquid crystal cell, a third adhesive layer, Comprising the steps of preparing a laminate including a second polarizer, a fourth adhesive layer, and a second outer substrate in that order, and including an outer layer surrounding the side of the liquid crystal cell, and autoclaving the laminate. can do.
- the content described above for the optical device may be applied in the same manner.
- the laminate may further include elements other than the liquid crystal cell and the polarizer at a desired location.
- the autoclave process may be performed by heating and/or pressurizing the laminate formed after the laminating step.
- the conditions of the autoclave process are not particularly limited, and for example, it can be performed under appropriate temperature and pressure depending on the type of intermediate layer applied.
- the temperature of a typical autoclave process is about 80°C or higher, 90°C or higher, or 100°C or higher, and the pressure is 2 atmospheres or higher, but is not limited thereto.
- the upper limit of the process temperature may be about 200°C or less, 190°C or less, 180°C or less, or 170°C or less, and the upper limit of the process pressure may be about 10 atmospheres or less, 9 atmospheres or less, 8 atmospheres or less, 7 atmospheres or less, or 6 atmospheres. It may be about the following.
- optical devices can be used for various purposes, for example, eyewear such as sunglasses or eyewear for AR (Augmented Reality) or VR (Virtual Reality), the exterior wall of a building, the sunroof of a vehicle, etc. can be used
- the optical device itself may be a sunroof for a vehicle.
- the optical device or a vehicle sunroof may be mounted on the opening.
- the liquid crystal cell and optical device of the present application maintain an appropriate cell gap of the liquid crystal cell, have excellent adhesion between the upper and lower substrates, and are resistant to pressure that may occur during the bonding process of the outer substrate due to interlayer delamination that may occur during the post-electrode process. and liquid crystal overflow problems can be solved.
- Figure 1 exemplarily shows a liquid crystal cell of the present application.
- Figure 2 exemplarily shows a liquid crystal cell of the present application.
- Figure 3 exemplarily shows a liquid crystal cell of the present application.
- Figure 4 exemplarily shows a liquid crystal cell of the present application.
- Figure 5 is an image showing compression and overflow defects due to interlayer separation and after cementation in Example 1.
- Figure 6 is an image of Comparative Example 3 observing defects caused by interlayer peeling, pressing, and overflow.
- a polycarbonate film (Keiwa) with a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m and a horizontal ⁇ vertical area of 900 mm ⁇ 600 mm was prepared.
- a first electrode layer was formed by depositing ITO (indium-tin-oxide) to a thickness of 50 nm on the first base layer. After bar coating the adhesive composition (KR-3700, Shin-Etsu Co., Ltd.) on the first electrode layer, it was dried at about 150°C for about 5 minutes to form an adhesive layer with a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m.
- the storage modulus of the adhesive layer at a temperature of 25°C and a frequency of 1 Hz was about 754,500 Pa, and the loss modulus of the adhesive layer at a temperature of 25°C and a frequency of 1 Hz was about 906,687 Pa.
- the combination of the first base layer, the first electrode layer, and the adhesive layer is called the upper substrate.
- a polycarbonate film (Keiwa) with a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m and a horizontal ⁇ vertical area of 900 mm ⁇ 600 mm was prepared.
- a second electrode layer was formed by depositing indium-tin-oxide (ITO) to a thickness of 50 nm on the second base layer.
- ITO indium-tin-oxide
- a honeycomb-type spacer was formed by photolithography. The pitch of the regular hexagon (closed shape) constituting the honeycomb is about 350 ⁇ m, the height is about 6 ⁇ m, and the line width is about 30 ⁇ m.
- a vertical alignment film (Nissan, 5661) was coated on the spacer to a thickness of about 300 nm, and then rubbed in one direction.
- the combination of the second base layer, the second electrode layer, the spacer, and the vertical alignment layer is referred to as the lower substrate.
- a liquid crystal composition was coated on the vertical alignment layer of the lower substrate to form a liquid crystal layer with a width (vertical length) of 560 mm.
- the width of both edges of the lower substrate that were not coated with the liquid crystal composition was 20 mm.
- a liquid crystal cell was manufactured by lamination with the adhesive layer of the upper substrate facing the liquid crystal layer. At this time, by stacking the upper and lower substrates alternately, the width of the liquid crystal region in the center between the upper and lower substrates was 560 mm, and the non-liquid crystal region between the upper and lower substrates, on both sides of the liquid crystal region, was 560 mm.
- the width of each was 10 mm, and the widths of the area where only the upper substrate was exposed and the area where only the lower substrate was exposed at both ends of the liquid crystal cell were each 10 mm. Electrode tapes made of fabric carbon with a width of approximately 4 mm to 6 mm were attached to the exposed areas of the upper substrate and the exposed lower substrate at both ends of the liquid crystal cell, respectively.
- the non-liquid crystal region extends in the longitudinal direction of the lower substrate (second base layer), the non-liquid crystal region is located on both sides of the liquid crystal region, and the non-liquid crystal regions on both sides are parallel to each other.
- the liquid crystal composition included a liquid crystal compound (JNC, SHN-5011XX) and a chiral dopant (HCCH, S811), and the pitch (p) of the liquid crystal layer was about 20 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal cell is an RTN (reverse twisted nematic) mode liquid crystal cell in an initial vertical alignment state.
- the upper and lower substrates were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the liquid crystal composition was coated on the vertical alignment layer of the lower substrate to form a liquid crystal layer with a width (vertical length) of 570 mm.
- the width of both edges of the lower substrate that were not coated with the liquid crystal composition was 15 mm.
- a liquid crystal cell was manufactured by lamination with the adhesive layer of the upper substrate facing the liquid crystal layer. At this time, by stacking the upper and lower substrates alternately, the width of the liquid crystal region in the center between the upper and lower substrates is set to 570 mm, and the non-liquid crystal region between the upper and lower substrates, on both sides of the liquid crystal region, is 570 mm.
- the width of each was 5 mm, and the widths of the area where only the upper substrate was exposed and the area where only the lower substrate was exposed at both ends of the liquid crystal cell were each 10 mm.
- a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the non-liquid crystal region extends in the longitudinal direction of the lower substrate (second base layer), the non-liquid crystal region is located on both sides of the liquid crystal region, and the non-liquid crystal regions on both sides are parallel to each other.
- the liquid crystal composition included a liquid crystal compound (JNC, SHN-5011XX) and a chiral dopant (HCCH, S811), and the pitch (p) of the liquid crystal layer was about 20 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal cell is an RTN mode liquid crystal cell in an initial vertical alignment state.
- the upper and lower substrates were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the liquid crystal composition was coated on the vertical alignment layer of the lower substrate to form a liquid crystal layer with a width (vertical length) of 580 mm.
- the width of one edge of the lower substrate that was not coated with the liquid crystal composition was 20 mm.
- a liquid crystal cell was manufactured by lamination with the adhesive layer of the upper substrate facing the liquid crystal layer. At this time, by stacking the upper and lower substrates alternately, the width of the liquid crystal region between the upper and lower substrates was 580 mm, and the width of the non-liquid crystal region on one side of the liquid crystal region between the upper and lower substrates was 580 mm.
- the liquid crystal composition included a liquid crystal compound (JNC, SHN-5011XX) and a chiral dopant (HCCH, S811), and the pitch (p) of the liquid crystal layer was about 20 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal cell is an RTN mode liquid crystal cell in an initial vertical alignment state.
- the upper and lower substrates were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a liquid crystal composition was coated on the vertical alignment layer of the lower substrate to form a liquid crystal layer with a width (vertical length) of 180 mm.
- the width of both edges of the lower substrate that were not coated with the liquid crystal composition was 210 mm.
- a liquid crystal cell was manufactured by lamination with the adhesive layer of the upper substrate facing the liquid crystal layer.
- the width of the liquid crystal region in the center between the upper and lower substrates was 180 mm, and the non-liquid crystal region between the upper and lower substrates, on both sides of the liquid crystal region, was 180 mm.
- the width of each was 200 mm, and the widths of the area where only the upper substrate was exposed and the area where only the lower substrate was exposed at both ends of the liquid crystal cell were each 10 mm.
- a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- the non-liquid crystal region extends in the longitudinal direction of the lower substrate (second base layer), the non-liquid crystal region is located on both sides of the liquid crystal region, and the non-liquid crystal regions on both sides are parallel to each other.
- the liquid crystal composition included a liquid crystal compound (JNC, SHN-5011XX) and a chiral dopant (HCCH, S811), and the pitch (p) of the liquid crystal layer was about 20 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal cell is an RTN mode liquid crystal cell in an initial vertical alignment state.
- the upper and lower substrates were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the liquid crystal composition was coated on the vertical alignment layer of the lower substrate to form a liquid crystal layer with a width (vertical length) of 576 mm.
- the width of both edges of the lower substrate that were not coated with the liquid crystal composition was 12 mm.
- a liquid crystal cell was manufactured by lamination with the adhesive layer of the upper substrate facing the liquid crystal layer. At this time, by stacking the upper and lower substrates alternately, the width of the liquid crystal region in the center between the upper and lower substrates is set to 576 mm, and the non-liquid crystal region is formed between the upper and lower substrates and on both sides of the liquid crystal region.
- the width of each region was 2 mm, and the widths of the region where only the upper substrate was exposed and the region where only the lower substrate was exposed at both ends of the liquid crystal cell were each 10 mm.
- the non-liquid crystal region extends in the longitudinal direction of the lower substrate, the non-liquid crystal region is located on both sides of the liquid crystal region, and the non-liquid crystal regions on both sides are parallel to each other.
- the liquid crystal composition included a liquid crystal compound (JNC, SHN-5011XX) and a chiral dopant (HCCH, S811), and the pitch (p) of the liquid crystal layer was about 20 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal cell is an RTN mode liquid crystal cell in an initial vertical alignment state.
- the upper and lower substrates were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the liquid crystal composition was coated on the vertical alignment layer of the lower substrate to form a liquid crystal layer with a width (vertical length) of 580 mm.
- the width of both edges of the lower substrate that were not coated with the liquid crystal composition was 10 mm.
- a liquid crystal cell was manufactured by lamination with the adhesive layer of the upper substrate facing the liquid crystal layer.
- the width of the liquid crystal region in the center between the upper and lower substrates is set to 580 mm, a non-liquid crystal region is not formed between the upper and lower substrates, and the upper substrate
- the widths of the area exposed only to the lower substrate and the area exposed to only the lower substrate were each set to 10 mm.
- a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above.
- a laminate including an outer layer surrounding the side of the liquid crystal cell was prepared.
- the first base layer of the liquid crystal cell was stacked so that it was placed close to the first outer substrate, and the second base layer of the liquid crystal cell was placed close to the second outer substrate.
- the second outer substrate was placed in the direction of gravity compared to the first outer substrate.
- the first and second polarizers are each PVA-based polarizers, and the light transmission axis of the first polarizer and the light transmission axis of the second polarizer are arranged to form about 90 degrees.
- a TPU layer (Argotec) with a thickness of about 380 ⁇ m was used as the first adhesive layer, second adhesive layer, third adhesive layer, and fourth adhesive layer.
- As the outer layer a TPU layer (Argotec) with a thickness of 380 ⁇ m was used.
- the storage modulus of the TPU layer (Argotec) at 25°C and 1Hz was 3,357,730 Pa, and the loss modulus at 25°C and 1Hz was 1,485,510 Pa.
- An optical device was manufactured by performing an autoclave process on the laminate at a temperature of about 110° C. and a pressure of about 2 atm.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as Example 5, except that the liquid crystal cell manufactured in Example 2 was used instead of the liquid crystal cell manufactured in Example 1.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as Example 5, except that the liquid crystal cell manufactured in Example 3 was used instead of the liquid crystal cell manufactured in Example 1.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as Example 5, except that the liquid crystal cell manufactured in Example 4 was used instead of the liquid crystal cell manufactured in Example 1.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as Example 5, except that the liquid crystal cell manufactured in Comparative Example 1 was used instead of the liquid crystal cell manufactured in Example 1.
- An optical device was manufactured in the same manner as Example 5, except that the liquid crystal cell manufactured in Comparative Example 2 was used instead of the liquid crystal cell manufactured in Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is an image showing pressing and overflow defects in the optical device of Example 1
- FIG. 6 is an image observing pressing and overflow defects in the optical device of Comparative Example 3.
- a is the outer substrate and adhesive layer area
- b is the area of the first polarizer, first base layer, electrode tape, and second polarizer
- c is the non-liquid crystal area
- d is the first polarizer, first base material.
- Comparative Example 3 has a dark area where liquid crystal flow occurs due to interlayer delamination and the cell gap cannot be maintained due to a lack of liquid crystal in a specific area, and a bright area where the cell gap is large. Transmittance unevenness was observed. Comparative Example 4 also showed similar results to Comparative Example 3. On the other hand, in Example 5, as shown in FIG. 5, the above defect was not observed. Examples 6 to 8 also showed similar results to Example 5.
- 100 liquid crystal area
- 200a, 200b, 200 non-liquid crystal area
- 300a, 300b, 300 area where only one of the upper and lower substrates exists
- 400a, 400b, 400 conductive tape
- 10a second substrate Layer
- 10b first electrode layer
- 10c adhesive layer
- 30 liquid crystal compound
- 20a second base layer
- 20b second electrode layer
- 20c spacer
- 20d alignment film
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Abstract
Description
| 비 액정 영역의 폭(mm) | 층간 박리 불량 | 합착 후 눌림 및 오버플로 불량 | |
| 실시예 5 | 10 (양측) | 양호 | 양호 |
| 실시예 6 | 5 (양측) | 양호 | 양호 |
| 실시예 7 | 10 (일측) | 양호 | 양호 |
| 실시예 8 | 200 (양측) | 양호 | 양호 |
| 비교예 3 | 2 (양측) | 불량 | 불량 |
| 비교예 4 | 0 | 불량 | 불량 |
Claims (14)
- 제 1 기재층 및 점착제층을 포함하는 상부 기판 및제 2 기재층 및 스페이서를 포함하는 하부 기판을 포함하고,상부 기판과 하부 기판 사이의 영역은 액정 화합물을 포함하는 액정 영역과 액정 화합물을 포함하지 않는 비 액정 영역으로 구분되며상기 비액정 영역의 폭(W1)은 4 mm 이상인 액정셀.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 비 액정 영역은 제 1 방향으로 연장하는 라인(line) 형상을 갖고, 상기 제 1 방향은 제 1 기재층 또는 제 2 기재층의 길이 방향인 액정셀.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 비 액정 영역은 액정 영역의 제 1 측면 및 제 2 측면에 위치하고, 액정 영역의 제 1 측면에 위치하는 비 액정 영역과 액정 영역의 제 2 측면에 위치하는 비 액정 영역은 서로 접하지 않는 액정셀.
- 제 3 항에 있어서, 액정 영역의 제 1 측면에 위치하는 비 액정 영역과 액정 영역의 제 2 측면에 위치하는 비 액정 영역은 서로 평행하는 액정셀.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 비 액정 영역은 액정 영역의 측면 중 어느 하나의 측면에만 위치하는 액정셀.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 비 액정 영역의 측면에 상부 기판과 하부 기판 중 어느 하나의 기판만 존재하는 영역이 존재하고, 상기 어느 하나의 기판 상에는 제 1 방향으로 연장하는 전도성 테이프가 형성되어 있는 액정셀.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 액정 영역 내의 액정 화합물은 전압 인가에 의해 배향 상태를 스위칭하는 액정셀.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상부 기판은 제 1 기재층과 점착제층 사이에 제 1 전극층을 더 포함하고, 하부 기판은 제 2 기재층과 스페이서 사이에 제 2 전극층을 더 포함하는 액정셀.
- 제 8 항에 있어서, 상부 기판은 배향막을 포함하지 않고, 하부 기판은 배향막을 더 포함하는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 1 외곽 기판, 제 1 항의 액정셀 및 제 2 외곽 기판을 순차로 포함하는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 10 항에 있어서, 제 1 외곽 기판 및 제 2 외곽 기판은 각각 유리 기판인 광학 디바이스.
- 제 10 항에 있어서, 제 1 외곽 기판과 액정셀 사이의 제 1 접착제층 및 제 2 외곽 기판과 액정셀 사이의 제 2 접착제층을 더 포함하는 광학 디바이스.
- 제 12 항에 있어서, 제 1 접착제층 및 제 2 접착제층은 각각 열가소성 폴리우레탄(TPU; Thermoplastic Polyurethane) 접착제층, 폴리아마이드 접착제층, 폴리에스테르 접착제층, EVA(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) 접착제층, 아크릴 접착제층, 실리콘 접착제층 또는 폴리올레핀 접착제층인 광학 디바이스.
- 하나 이상의 개구부가 형성되어 있는 차체; 및 상기 개구부에 장착된 제 10 항의 광학 디바이스를 포함하는 자동차.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202380030261.5A CN118946847A (zh) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | 液晶单元和光学装置 |
| JP2024557488A JP7786694B2 (ja) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | 液晶セルおよび光学デバイス |
| US18/852,132 US20260010039A1 (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | Liquid Crystal Cell and Optical Device |
| EP23781399.3A EP4502719A4 (en) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-03-30 | LIQUID CRYSTAL CELL AND OPTICAL DEVICE |
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| KR10-2022-0039632 | 2022-03-30 | ||
| KR20220039632 | 2022-03-30 |
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| WO2023191548A1 true WO2023191548A1 (ko) | 2023-10-05 |
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| EP (1) | EP4502719A4 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP7786694B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR102788598B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN118946847A (ko) |
| TW (1) | TWI868650B (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2023191548A1 (ko) |
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- 2023-03-30 EP EP23781399.3A patent/EP4502719A4/en active Pending
- 2023-03-30 WO PCT/KR2023/004293 patent/WO2023191548A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-03-30 US US18/852,132 patent/US20260010039A1/en active Pending
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- 2023-03-30 JP JP2024557488A patent/JP7786694B2/ja active Active
- 2023-03-30 CN CN202380030261.5A patent/CN118946847A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR20230141632A (ko) | 2023-10-10 |
| JP2025510959A (ja) | 2025-04-15 |
| EP4502719A1 (en) | 2025-02-05 |
| CN118946847A (zh) | 2024-11-12 |
| JP7786694B2 (ja) | 2025-12-16 |
| TW202346992A (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
| US20260010039A1 (en) | 2026-01-08 |
| EP4502719A4 (en) | 2025-07-09 |
| KR102788598B1 (ko) | 2025-04-01 |
| TWI868650B (zh) | 2025-01-01 |
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