WO2023195251A1 - 表面処理鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
表面処理鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023195251A1 WO2023195251A1 PCT/JP2023/006069 JP2023006069W WO2023195251A1 WO 2023195251 A1 WO2023195251 A1 WO 2023195251A1 JP 2023006069 W JP2023006069 W JP 2023006069W WO 2023195251 A1 WO2023195251 A1 WO 2023195251A1
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- layer
- steel sheet
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- treated steel
- water
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
- C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface-treated steel sheet, and particularly to a surface-treated steel sheet that has excellent film corrosion resistance, paint corrosion resistance, film wet adhesion, paint secondary adhesion, and weldability.
- the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention can be suitably used for containers such as cans.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing the surface-treated steel sheet.
- Sn-plated steel sheet has excellent corrosion resistance, weldability, workability, and is easy to manufacture, so it has been used as a material for various metal cans such as beverage cans, food cans, pail cans, and 18-liter cans for 200 years. It has been used for more than a long time.
- tin-free steel sheets which are surface-treated steel sheets that do not use Sn, have been developed.
- a tin-free steel sheet is a surface-treated steel sheet in which a metal Cr layer and an oxidized Cr layer are formed on the surface of the steel sheet, and is usually manufactured by electrolytically treating the steel sheet in an electrolyte containing hexavalent Cr (Patent Document 1-3). Since tin-free steel sheets have excellent corrosion resistance and paint adhesion, they are now extremely commonly used as container steel sheets in place of tinplate. However, this tin-free steel sheet has a chromium oxide layer, which is an insulating film, on its surface, and therefore has poor weldability.
- Ni-plated steel sheets that use Ni instead of Sn are known (Patent Documents 4 and 5).
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 when using Ni-plated steel sheets as a material for welded cans, it is necessary to apply a chromate treatment film on the Ni-plated steel sheets using an aqueous solution containing hexavalent Cr in order to ensure corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. becomes.
- a surface treatment layer is formed by performing electrolytic treatment in an electrolytic solution containing a trivalent chromium compound such as basic chromium sulfate.
- a surface treatment layer can be formed without using hexavalent chromium.
- the method allows adhesion to a resin film in a humid environment (hereinafter referred to as "film wet adhesion”) and adhesion to a paint in a humid environment (hereinafter referred to as "paint 2"). It is possible to obtain a surface-treated steel sheet with excellent adhesion.
- the present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to enable production without using hexavalent chromium, and to provide film corrosion resistance, paint corrosion resistance, film wet adhesion, and paint secondary adhesion.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a surface-treated steel sheet with excellent properties and weldability.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, they obtained the following findings (1) and (2).
- a surface-treated steel sheet having a metal Cr layer and an oxidized Cr layer on the Ni-containing layer the water contact angle and the sum of the atomic ratios of K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed on the surface to Cr are: By controlling each to a specific range, a surface-treated steel sheet with excellent film corrosion resistance, paint corrosion resistance, film wet adhesion, paint secondary adhesion, and weldability can be obtained.
- the above-mentioned surface-treated steel sheet is subjected to cathodic electrolytic treatment in an electrolytic solution containing trivalent chromium ions prepared by a specific method, and then final water washing is performed using water whose electrical conductivity is below a predetermined value. It can be manufactured by performing the following steps.
- the present invention has been completed based on the above findings.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- Ni-containing layer has a Ni adhesion amount of 200 mg/m 2 or more and 2000 mg/m 2 or less per side of the steel sheet.
- a surface comprising a steel plate, a Ni-containing layer disposed on at least one surface of the steel plate, a metallic Cr layer disposed on the Ni-containing layer, and an oxidized Cr layer disposed on the metallic Cr layer.
- a method for manufacturing a treated steel sheet comprising: an electrolytic solution preparation step of preparing an electrolytic solution containing trivalent chromium ions; a cathodic electrolytic treatment step of cathodic electrolytically treating a steel plate having a Ni-containing layer on at least one surface in the electrolytic solution; a washing step of washing the steel plate after the cathodic electrolytic treatment at least once with water,
- the electrolyte preparation step Mixing a trivalent chromium ion source, a carboxylic acid compound, and water,
- the electrolytic solution is prepared by adjusting the pH to 4.0 to 7.0 and the temperature to 40 to 70°C,
- the present invention it is possible to provide a surface-treated steel sheet that has excellent film corrosion resistance, paint corrosion resistance, film wet adhesion, paint secondary adhesion, and weldability without using hexavalent chromium.
- the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention can be suitably used as a material for containers and the like.
- a surface-treated steel sheet in an embodiment of the present invention includes a steel sheet, a Ni-containing layer placed on at least one surface of the steel sheet, a metal Cr layer placed on the Ni-containing layer, and a metal Cr layer placed on the Ni-containing layer.
- This is a surface-treated steel sheet having a Cr oxide layer disposed thereon.
- the water contact angle of the surface-treated steel sheet is 50° or less, and the total atomic ratio of K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed on the surface to Cr is 5.0% or less. It is important that there be.
- the steel plate any steel plate can be used without particular limitation.
- the steel plate is preferably a steel plate for cans.
- As the steel plate for example, an ultra-low carbon steel plate or a low carbon steel plate can be used.
- the method for manufacturing the steel plate is not particularly limited either, and steel plates manufactured by any method can be used.
- a cold-rolled steel plate may be used as the steel plate.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet can be manufactured by a general manufacturing process that includes, for example, hot rolling, pickling, cold rolling, annealing, and temper rolling.
- the Cr content is preferably 0.10% by mass or less, more preferably 0.08% by mass or less. If the Cr content of the steel sheet is within the above range, Cr will not be excessively concentrated on the surface of the steel sheet, and as a result, the atomic ratio of Ni to Cr on the surface of the finally obtained surface-treated steel sheet will be 100. % or less.
- the steel plate may contain C, Mn, P, S, Si, Cu, Ni, Mo, Al, and unavoidable impurities within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. In this case, as the steel plate, for example, a steel plate having a composition specified in ASTM A623M-09 can be suitably used.
- C in mass %, C: 0.0001 to 0.13%, Si: 0 to 0.020%, Mn: 0.01-0.60% P: 0 to 0.020%, S: 0 to 0.030%, Al: 0-0.20%, N: 0 to 0.040%, Cu: 0 to 0.20%, Ni: 0 to 0.15%, Cr: 0 to 0.10%, Mo: 0 to 0.05%, Ti: 0 to 0.020%, Nb: 0 to 0.020%, B: 0 to 0.020%, Ca: 0-0.020%, Sn: 0 to 0.020%, Sb: 0 to 0.020%, It is preferable to use a steel plate having a composition consisting of Fe and the remainder Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the thickness of the steel plate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.60 mm or less.
- “steel plate” is defined here to include “steel strip.”
- the lower limit of the plate thickness is not particularly limited either, but it is preferably 0.10 mm or more.
- Ni-containing layer When a surface-treated steel sheet is used as a steel sheet for cans, it is generally welded by resistance welding such as wire seam welding. Since Ni is an element with excellent forge weldability, weldability can be improved by arranging a Ni-containing layer. That is, when a Ni-containing layer is present, excellent welding strength can be obtained from lower resistance heat generation, so the lower limit of the weldable current is widened.
- the Ni-containing layer may be provided on at least one surface of the steel plate, and may be provided on both surfaces.
- the Ni-containing layer only needs to cover at least a portion of the steel plate, and may cover the entire surface on which the Ni-containing layer is provided.
- the Ni-containing layer may be a continuous layer or a discontinuous layer. Examples of the discontinuous layer include a layer having an island structure.
- any layer containing nickel can be used, for example, one or both of a Ni layer and a Ni alloy layer can be used.
- a Ni alloy layer formed by diffusion annealing after Ni plating is also included in the Ni alloy layer.
- examples of the Ni alloy layer include a Ni--Fe alloy layer.
- the Ni-containing layer is preferably a Ni-based plating layer.
- the term "Ni-based plating layer” is defined as a plating layer having a Ni content of 50% by mass or more.
- the Ni-based plating layer is a Ni-plated layer or a plating layer made of a Ni-based alloy.
- the Ni-based plating layer may be a dispersed plating layer (composite plating layer) in which solid fine particles are dispersed in Ni or a Ni-based alloy as a matrix.
- the solid particles are not particularly limited and may be made of any material.
- the fine particles may be either inorganic fine particles or organic fine particles. Examples of the organic fine particles include fine particles made of resin. Although any resin can be used as the resin, it is preferable to use a fluororesin, and it is more preferable to use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- the inorganic fine particles are not particularly limited, and fine particles made of any inorganic material can be used.
- the inorganic material may be, for example, a metal (including an alloy), a compound, or another simple substance.
- fine particles made of at least one selected from the group consisting of oxides, nitrides, and carbides, and it is preferable to use fine particles of metal oxides.
- the metal oxide include aluminum oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, and zinc oxide.
- the particle size of the fine particles used in the dispersion plating is not particularly limited, and particles of any size can be used. However, it is preferable that the diameter of the fine particles does not exceed the thickness of the dispersed plating layer as the Ni-containing layer. Typically, the diameter of the fine particles is preferably 1 nm to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 nm to 1000 nm.
- the amount of Ni deposited in the Ni-containing layer is not particularly limited and can be any amount.
- the amount of Ni deposited on one side of the steel sheet is preferably 200 mg/m 2 or more, and more preferably 250 mg/m 2 or more.
- the amount of Ni deposited exceeds 2000 mg/m 2 , the effect of improving weldability is saturated. Therefore, from the viewpoint of reducing excessive costs, the amount of Ni deposited is preferably 2000 mg/m 2 or less, more preferably 1800 mg/m 2 or less.
- the amount of Ni adhered to the Ni-containing layer is measured by a calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays. Prepare multiple steel plates with known Ni adhesion amounts, measure the fluorescent X-ray intensity derived from Ni in advance, and linearly approximate the relationship between the measured fluorescent X-ray intensity and the Ni adhesion amount to obtain a calibration curve. do. The intensity of fluorescent X-rays originating from Ni in the surface-treated steel sheet can be measured, and the amount of Ni adhered to the Ni-containing layer can be measured using the above-mentioned calibration curve.
- the formation of the Ni-containing layer is not particularly limited, and can be performed by any method such as electroplating.
- any plating bath can be used. Examples of plating baths that can be used include Watt bath, sulfamic acid bath, and Wood bath.
- the Ni--Fe alloy layer can be formed by forming the Ni layer on the surface of the steel sheet by a method such as electroplating, and then annealing it.
- the surface side of the Ni-containing layer may contain Ni oxide or may not contain it at all, but from the viewpoint of further improving secondary paint adhesion and sulfurization resistance, the Ni-containing layer Preferably, the surface side does not contain Ni oxide.
- Ni oxide can also be formed by dissolved oxygen contained in the washing water after Ni plating, it is preferable to remove the Ni oxide contained in the Ni-containing layer by a pretreatment described below.
- a metallic Cr layer is present on the Ni-containing layer.
- the amount of the metal Cr layer deposited is not particularly limited, and can be set to any value.
- the amount of Cr deposited on one side of the steel sheet is preferably 2 mg/m 2 or more, and preferably 4 mg/m 2 or more. More preferred.
- the upper limit of the amount of the metal Cr layer deposited there is no particular limitation on the upper limit of the amount of the metal Cr layer deposited, but if the amount of the metal Cr layer deposited is excessive, the contact resistance may increase and weldability may be impaired. Therefore, from the viewpoint of ensuring more stable weldability, the amount of Cr deposited on one side of the steel plate is preferably less than 40 mg/m 2 , and 35 mg/m 2 or less. It is more preferable that
- the amount of Cr attached to the metal Cr layer can be measured by a fluorescent X-ray method. Specifically, first, the amount of Cr (total amount of Cr) in the surface-treated steel sheet is measured using a fluorescent X-ray device. Next, the surface-treated steel sheet is subjected to an alkaline treatment by immersing it in 7.5N-NaOH at 90° C. for 10 minutes, and then thoroughly washed with water. Thereafter, the amount of Cr (the amount of Cr after alkali treatment) is measured again using the fluorescent X-ray device. Furthermore, the Cr content (original Cr content) of the steel sheet after the metal Cr layer and the oxidized Cr layer have been peeled off is measured using a fluorescent X-ray device.
- a commercially available hydrochloric acid-based chromium plating remover can be used to remove the metal Cr layer and the oxidized Cr layer.
- the value obtained by subtracting the original plate Cr amount from the Cr amount after alkali treatment is defined as the Cr adhesion amount per one side of the steel sheet of the metal Cr layer. Note that the total amount of Cr is used to calculate the amount of Cr deposited as the oxidized Cr layer, which will be described later.
- the metal Cr constituting the metal Cr layer may be amorphous Cr or crystalline Cr. That is, the metal Cr layer can contain one or both of amorphous Cr and crystalline Cr.
- the metal Cr layer manufactured by the method described below generally contains amorphous Cr, and may further contain crystalline Cr. Although the formation mechanism of the metallic Cr layer is not clear, it is thought that when amorphous Cr is formed, crystallization progresses partially, resulting in a metallic Cr layer containing both amorphous and crystalline phases.
- the ratio of crystalline Cr to the total of amorphous Cr and crystalline Cr contained in the metal Cr layer is preferably 0% or more and 80% or less, and more preferably 0% or more and 50% or less.
- the ratio of crystalline Cr can be measured by observing the metal Cr layer with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Specifically, first, a STEM image is acquired at a magnification of approximately 2 million to 10 million times using a beam diameter that provides a resolution of 1 nm or less. In the obtained STEM image, the area where lattice fringes can be seen is defined as a crystalline phase, and the area where a maize pattern can be seen is defined as amorphous, and the areas of both are determined. From the results, the ratio of the area of crystalline Cr to the total area of amorphous Cr and crystalline Cr is calculated.
- Cr oxide layer A Cr oxide layer is present on the metal Cr layer.
- the amount of the Cr oxide layer deposited is not particularly limited, and can be set to any value. However, from the viewpoint of further improving corrosion resistance, it is preferable that the amount of Cr oxide layer deposited is 0.1 mg/m 2 or more in terms of the amount of Cr deposited on one side of the steel sheet.
- the upper limit of the amount of the Cr oxide layer deposited is not particularly limited, but if the amount of the Cr oxide layer deposited is excessive, the contact resistance may increase and weldability may be impaired.
- the amount of Cr oxide layer deposited is 15.0 mg/m 2 or less in terms of the amount of Cr deposited per one side of the steel plate.
- the amount of Cr attached to the oxidized Cr layer can be measured by a fluorescent X-ray method. Specifically, the amount of Cr deposited in the oxidized Cr layer can be determined by subtracting the amount of Cr after the alkali treatment from the total amount of Cr measured using the aforementioned fluorescent X-ray device.
- the metal Cr layer and the oxidized Cr layer may contain C. However, if an excessive amount of C is contained in the metal Cr layer and the oxidized Cr layer, the weld heat affected zone may harden during welding and cracks may occur. Therefore, the C content in the metal Cr layer is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 35% or less, as an atomic ratio to Cr. Similarly, the C content in the Cr oxide layer is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 35% or less, as an atomic ratio to Cr. The metal Cr layer and the oxidized Cr layer may not contain C, and therefore, the lower limit of the C content contained in the metal Cr layer and the oxidized Cr layer may be 0% in terms of atomic ratio to Cr, respectively. .
- the C content in the metal Cr layer and the C content in the oxidized Cr layer can each be measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Specifically, to measure the C content by XPS, the C atomic ratio and Cr atomic ratio are determined by the relative sensitivity coefficient method from the integrated intensities of the narrow spectra of Cr2p and C1s measured by XPS, and the C atomic ratio/Cr atomic ratio is calculated. This can be done by calculating the ratio.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- C derived from contamination is detected from the outermost layer of the surface-treated steel sheet
- C content in the Cr oxide layer for example, 0.2 nm in terms of SiO 2 is removed from the outermost layer. Measurement may be performed after sputtering to a depth greater than or equal to the depth.
- the C content in the metal Cr layer may be measured after sputtering is performed from the outermost layer after the alkali treatment described above to a depth of 1/2 of the thickness of the metal Cr layer.
- the thickness of the metal Cr layer used in the above measurement can be determined by the following procedure. First, XPS measurements are performed every 1 nm in the depth direction from the outermost layer after alkali treatment to measure the Cr atomic ratio and the Ni atomic ratio. Next, a cubic equation that approximates the relationship between the Ni atomic ratio/Cr atomic ratio with respect to the depth from the outermost layer after the alkali treatment is determined by the method of least squares. Using the obtained cubic equation, the depth from the outermost layer at which the Ni atomic ratio/Cr atomic ratio becomes 1 is calculated, and this is taken as the thickness of the metal Cr layer.
- a scanning X-ray photoelectron spectrometer PHI X-tool manufactured by ULVAC-PHI can be used.
- the X-ray source is a monochrome AlK ⁇ ray
- the voltage is 15 kV
- the beam diameter is 100 ⁇ m ⁇
- the extraction angle is 45°
- the sputtering conditions are Ar ion acceleration voltage 1 kV
- the sputter rate is 1.50 nm/min in terms of SiO 2 .
- the form of C present in the metal Cr layer and Cr oxide layer is not particularly limited, but if it exists as a precipitate, corrosion resistance may decrease due to the formation of local batteries. Therefore, it is preferable that the sum of the volume fractions of carbides and clusters having a clear crystal structure is 10% or less, and it is more preferable that they are not contained at all (0%).
- the presence or absence of carbides can be confirmed, for example, by compositional analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) or wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) attached to a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or transmission electron microscope (TEM). I can do it.
- the presence or absence of clusters can be confirmed, for example, by performing cluster analysis on data after three-dimensional composition analysis using a three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP).
- the metal Cr layer may contain O.
- the upper limit of the O content in the metal Cr layer is not particularly limited, but if the O content is high, Cr oxide may precipitate and corrosion resistance may deteriorate due to the formation of local batteries. Therefore, the O content is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less, as an atomic ratio to Cr.
- the metal Cr layer does not need to contain O, and therefore, the lower limit of the Cr contained in the metal Cr layer is not particularly limited and may be 0%.
- the content of O in the metal Cr layer can be measured by compositional analysis such as EDS and WDS attached to SEM or TEM, or 3DAP.
- One or both of the metal Cr layer and the oxidized Cr layer may contain Ni.
- the upper limit of the Ni content in the metal Cr layer is not particularly limited, it is preferably less than 100% as an atomic ratio to Cr.
- the upper limit of the Ni content in the Cr oxide layer is not particularly limited, but it is preferably less than 100% as an atomic ratio to Cr.
- the metal Cr layer and the oxidized Cr layer do not need to contain Ni, so the lower limit of the atomic ratio of Ni to Cr is not particularly limited and may be 0%.
- the Ni content on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet, that is, on the surface of the Cr oxide layer, is not particularly limited, but the lower it is, the better the wet adhesion of the film and the secondary adhesion of the paint will be. Therefore, the atomic ratio of Ni to Cr on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet is preferably 100% or less, more preferably 80% or less.
- the Ni content in the metal Cr layer and the Cr oxide layer can be measured by XPS similarly to the C content.
- the atomic ratio of Ni to Cr on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet, that is, on the surface of the Cr oxide layer, can be measured by XPS of the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet.
- the narrow spectra of Cr2p and Ni2p may be used to calculate the atomic ratio.
- Ni is contained in the metal Cr layer and the Cr oxide layer.
- the mechanism by which Ni is contained in the metal Cr layer and the Cr oxide layer is not clear, but in the process of forming the metal Cr layer and the Cr oxide layer on the steel sheet, a small amount of Ni contained in the Ni-containing layer is dissolved in the electrolyte. , Ni is considered to be incorporated into the film.
- the metal Cr layer and Cr oxide layer contain metal impurities such as Cu, Zn, Sn, and Fe contained in the aqueous solution. S, N, Cl, Br, etc. may be included. However, the presence of these elements may reduce the wet adhesion of the film and the secondary adhesion of the paint. Therefore, the content of Fe in the metal Cr layer and the Cr oxide layer is preferably 10% or less as an atomic ratio to Cr, and more preferably not contained at all (0%).
- the total amount of elements other than Cr, O, Ni, C, K, Na, Mg, Ca, and Fe is preferably 3% or less as an atomic ratio to Cr, and more preferably not contained at all (0%).
- the content of the above elements is not particularly limited, and can be measured by XPS, for example, similarly to the content of C.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the Fe content is preferably controlled to 10% or less as an atomic ratio to Cr.
- the metal Cr layer and oxidized Cr layer are preferably crack-free.
- the presence or absence of cracks can be confirmed by, for example, cutting out a cross section of the film using a focused ion beam (FIB) or the like and directly observing it using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- FIB focused ion beam
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the surface roughness of the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention does not change significantly due to the formation of the metal Cr layer and the oxidized Cr layer, and is generally approximately equivalent to the surface roughness of the underlying steel sheet used.
- the surface roughness of the surface-treated steel sheet is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the arithmetic mean roughness Ra is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 4 ⁇ m or less. Moreover, it is preferable that the ten-point average roughness Rz is 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less.
- the water contact angle of the surface-treated steel sheet is 50° or less.
- the water contact angle is preferably 48° or less, more preferably 45° or less. Since the water contact angle is preferably as low as possible from the viewpoint of improving adhesion, its lower limit is not particularly limited and may be 0°. However, from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture, etc., the angle is preferably 3° or more, and more preferably 6° or more. Note that the water contact angle can be measured by the method described in Examples.
- the present invention by making the surface hydrophilic to a level close to superhydrophilicity, strong hydrogen bonds are formed at the interface between the coating film and the surface-treated steel sheet, thereby making the surface highly hydrophilic even in a humid environment. This is based on the technical concept of maintaining adhesion, which is completely opposite to the prior art described above.
- the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention has high hydrophilicity with a water contact angle of 50° or less, and its surface is chemically active. Therefore, cations of elements such as K, Na, Mg, and Ca are easily adsorbed on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet.
- the present inventors have discovered that simply setting the water contact angle to 50° or less does not result in the original adhesion being exhibited due to the influence of the adsorbed cations.
- by reducing the amount of the cations adsorbed on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet it is possible to improve the adhesion to the resin and achieve excellent film wet adhesion and paint secondary adhesion.
- the total atomic ratio of K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet to Cr is 5.0% or less, preferably 3.0% or less, and more preferably 1.0% or less. 0% or less. Since the lower the sum of the atomic ratios, the better, the lower limit is not particularly limited and may be 0%.
- the total atomic ratio can be measured by the method described in Examples.
- a surface-treated steel sheet having the above characteristics can be manufactured by the method described below.
- a method for manufacturing a surface-treated steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, on at least one surface of a steel sheet, a Ni-containing layer, a metal Cr layer disposed on the Ni-containing layer, and a metal Cr layer disposed on the metal Cr layer.
- a method for manufacturing a surface-treated steel sheet having a Cr oxide layer which includes the following steps (1) to (3). Each step will be explained below.
- An electrolytic solution preparation step of preparing an electrolytic solution containing trivalent chromium ions (2)
- a cathodic electrolytic treatment step of cathodic electrolytically treating a steel plate having a Ni-containing layer in the electrolytic solution (3) After the cathodic electrolytic treatment A water washing process in which the steel plate is washed at least once with water.
- Electrode preparation process (i) Mixing In the electrolyte solution preparation step, first, a trivalent chromium ion source, a carboxylic acid compound, and water are mixed to form an aqueous solution.
- trivalent chromium ion source any compound that can supply trivalent chromium ions can be used.
- the trivalent chromium ion source for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of chromium chloride, chromium sulfate, and chromium nitrate can be used.
- the content of the trivalent chromium ion-containing source in the aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 3 g/L or more and 50 g/L or less, and 5 g/L or more and 40 g/L or less in terms of trivalent chromium ions. More preferred.
- the trivalent chromium ion source Atotech's BluCr (registered trademark) TFS A can be used.
- the carboxylic acid compound is not particularly limited, and any carboxylic acid compound can be used.
- the carboxylic acid compound may be at least one of a carboxylic acid and a carboxylate salt, and is preferably at least one of an aliphatic carboxylic acid and a salt of an aliphatic carboxylic acid.
- the aliphatic carboxylic acid preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Further, the number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic carboxylate is preferably 1 to 10, more preferably 1 to 5.
- the content of the carboxylic acid compound is not particularly limited, it is preferably 0.1 mol/L or more and 5.5 mol/L or less, and more preferably 0.15 mol/L or more and 5.3 mol/L or less.
- the carboxylic acid compound Atotech's BluCr (registered trademark) TFS B can be used.
- water is used as a solvent for preparing the electrolyte.
- water it is preferable to use ion-exchanged water from which cations have been removed in advance using an ion-exchange resin or the like, or highly purified water such as distilled water.
- highly purified water such as distilled water.
- water whose electrical conductivity is 30 ⁇ S/m or less.
- K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet it is preferable that K, Na, Mg, and Ca are not intentionally contained in the above-mentioned aqueous solution. Therefore, it is preferable that the components added to the aqueous solution, such as the above-mentioned trivalent chromium ion source, carboxylic acid compound, and pH adjuster described in detail below, do not contain K, Na, Mg, and Ca.
- the pH adjuster it is preferable to use hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc. to lower the pH, and use ammonia water, etc. to increase the pH.
- K, Na, Mg, and Ca that are unavoidably mixed into the aqueous solution or electrolyte are allowed, but the total concentration of K, Na, Mg, and Ca is preferably 2.0 mol/L or less, and 1 It is more preferably .5 mol/L or less, and even more preferably 1.0 mol/L or less.
- the aqueous solution further contains at least one type of halide ion.
- the content of halide ions is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 mol/L or more and 3.0 mol/L or less, more preferably 0.10 mol/L or more and 2.5 mol/L or less.
- Atotech's BluCr (registered trademark) TFS C1 and BluCr (registered trademark) TFS C2 can be used.
- hexavalent chromium is not added to the above aqueous solution. Except for a very small amount of hexavalent chromium formed at the anode during the cathodic electrolytic treatment process, the electrolytic solution described above does not contain hexavalent chromium. In the cathodic electrolytic treatment process, a trace amount of hexavalent chromium formed at the anode is reduced to trivalent chromium, so the concentration of hexavalent chromium in the electrolyte does not increase.
- metal ions other than trivalent chromium ions are not intentionally added to the above-mentioned aqueous solution.
- the above metal ions are not limited, but include Cu ions, Zn ions, Ni ions, Fe ions, Sn ions, etc., and each is preferably 0 mg/L or more and 40 mg/L or less, and 0 mg/L or more and 20 mg/L. It is more preferably below, and most preferably 0 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less.
- Ni ions may be dissolved in the electrolyte and eutectoid in the film during the cathodic electrolytic treatment process when the steel plate is immersed in the electrolyte, but this may affect the wet adhesion of the film. It does not affect secondary paint adhesion or weldability.
- the Ni ion content is preferably 0 mg/L or more and 40 mg/L or less, more preferably 0 mg/L or more and 20 mg/L or less, and most preferably 0 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less.
- Ni ion concentration is within the above range at the time of bath preparation, it is also preferable to maintain the Ni ion concentration in the electrolytic solution within the above range during the cathodic electrolytic treatment step. If Ni ions are controlled within the above range, they will not inhibit the formation of the metal Cr layer and the Cr oxide layer, and the metal Cr layer and the Cr oxide layer can be formed to have the required thickness.
- the electrolytic solution is prepared by adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution to 4.0 to 7.0 and adjusting the temperature of the aqueous solution to 40 to 70°C.
- the pH and temperature it is not enough to simply dissolve the trivalent chromium ion source and the carboxylic acid compound in water, and it is important to appropriately control the pH and temperature as described above. .
- the pH of the mixed aqueous solution is adjusted to 4.0 to 7.0.
- the pH is less than 4.0 or more than 7.0, the water contact angle of the surface-treated steel sheet manufactured using the obtained electrolyte becomes higher than 50°.
- the pH is preferably 4.5 to 6.5.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution after mixing is adjusted to 40 to 70°C. If the temperature is less than 40°C or more than 70°C, the water contact angle of the surface-treated steel sheet produced using the obtained electrolyte will be greater than 50°. Note that the holding time in the temperature range of 40 to 70°C is not particularly limited.
- an electrolytic solution to be used in the next cathodic electrolytic treatment step can be obtained.
- the electrolytic solution produced by the above procedure can be stored at room temperature.
- a steel plate having a Ni-containing layer on at least one surface is subjected to cathodic electrolysis treatment in the electrolytic solution obtained in the electrolytic solution preparation step.
- cathodic electrolytic treatment a metal Cr layer and a Cr oxide layer can be formed on the Ni-containing layer.
- the temperature of the electrolyte during the cathodic electrolytic treatment is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the temperature range of 40° C. or higher and 70° C. or lower in order to efficiently form the metal Cr layer and the oxidized Cr layer. From the viewpoint of stably manufacturing the above-mentioned surface-treated steel sheet, it is preferable to monitor the temperature of the electrolytic solution and maintain it in the above temperature range in the cathodic electrolytic treatment step.
- the pH of the electrolyte during cathodic electrolytic treatment is not particularly limited, but is preferably 4.0 or higher, more preferably 4.5 or higher. Further, the pH is preferably 7.0 or less, more preferably 6.5 or less. From the viewpoint of stably manufacturing the above-mentioned surface-treated steel sheet, it is preferable to monitor the pH of the electrolytic solution and maintain it within the above pH range in the cathodic electrolytic treatment step.
- the current density in the cathodic electrolytic treatment is not particularly limited, and may be adjusted as appropriate so that a desired surface treatment layer is formed. However, when the current density is excessively high, the C content in the metal Cr layer increases, which may deteriorate weldability. Therefore, the current density is preferably less than 5.0 A/dm 2 , more preferably 3.0 A/dm 2 or less.
- the lower limit of the current density is not particularly limited, but if the current density is too low, hexavalent Cr may be generated in the electrolyte, which may disrupt the stability of the bath. Therefore, the current density is preferably 0.01 A/dm 2 or more, more preferably 0.03 A/dm 2 or more.
- the number of times the steel plate is subjected to cathodic electrolysis treatment is not particularly limited, and can be any number of times.
- cathodic electrolytic treatment can be performed using an electrolytic treatment apparatus having an arbitrary number of passes of one or more.
- the electrolysis time per pass is not particularly limited. However, if the electrolysis time per pass is too long, the conveyance speed (line speed) of the steel plate decreases, resulting in a decrease in productivity. Therefore, the electrolysis time per pass is preferably 5 seconds or less, more preferably 3 seconds or less.
- the lower limit of the electrolysis time per pass is not particularly limited either, but if the electrolysis time is excessively shortened, it becomes necessary to increase the line speed accordingly, making control difficult. Therefore, the electrolysis time per pass is preferably 0.005 seconds or more, more preferably 0.01 seconds or more.
- the amount of metallic Cr formed by cathodic electrolytic treatment can be controlled by the total electrical quantity density represented by the product of current density, electrolysis time, and number of passes. As mentioned above, if the amount of metal Cr is too large, the contact resistance will increase and weldability may be impaired, and if the amount of metal Cr is too small, corrosion resistance may be impaired. It is preferable to control the total electricity density so that the amount of Cr deposited on one side of the steel plate is 2 mg/m 2 or more and less than 40 mg/m 2 . However, since the relationship between the amount of metal Cr layer and the total electrical charge density varies depending on the configuration of the apparatus used in the cathode electrolytic treatment process, the actual electrolytic treatment conditions may be adjusted according to the apparatus.
- the type of anode used when performing cathodic electrolysis treatment is not particularly limited, and any anode can be used.
- the anode it is preferable to use an insoluble anode.
- the insoluble anode it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of an anode in which Ti is coated with one or both of a platinum group metal and an oxide of a platinum group metal, and a graphite anode. More specifically, examples of the insoluble anode include an anode in which the surface of a Ti substrate is coated with platinum, iridium oxide, or ruthenium oxide.
- the concentration of the electrolytic solution constantly changes due to the formation of a metal Cr layer and an oxidized Cr layer on the steel sheet, the removal and introduction of liquid, evaporation of water, etc.
- the concentration of the electrolyte in the cathodic electrolytic treatment process varies depending on the equipment configuration and manufacturing conditions, so from the perspective of producing surface-treated steel sheets more stably, the concentration of the components contained in the electrolyte in the cathodic electrolytic treatment process is It is preferable to monitor and maintain the concentration within the above-mentioned concentration range.
- the steel plate having the Ni-containing layer can be optionally pretreated.
- the pretreatment By performing the pretreatment, the natural oxide film present on the surface of the Ni-containing layer can be removed and the surface can be activated.
- the pretreatment method is not particularly limited, and any method can be used. For example, pickling by immersion in dilute sulfuric acid can be performed.
- any treatment can be performed, but it is preferable to perform at least one of degreasing, pickling, and water washing.
- degreasing rolling oil, rust preventive oil, etc. attached to the steel plate can be removed.
- the degreasing can be carried out by any method without particular limitation. After degreasing, it is preferable to wash the steel plate with water to remove the degreasing solution adhering to the surface of the steel plate.
- pickling it is possible to remove the natural oxide film present on the surface of the steel sheet and activate the surface.
- the pickling can be carried out by any method without particular limitation. After pickling, it is preferable to wash the steel plate with water to remove the pickling solution adhering to the surface of the steel plate.
- water washing process Next, the steel plate after the cathodic electrolytic treatment is washed with water at least once. By washing with water, the electrolyte remaining on the surface of the steel plate can be removed.
- the water washing can be performed by any method without particular limitation.
- a water washing tank can be provided downstream of an electrolytic cell for performing cathodic electrolytic treatment, and the steel plate after cathodic electrolytic treatment can be continuously immersed in water.
- water washing may be performed by spraying water onto the steel plate after cathodic electrolysis treatment.
- the number of times the water washing is performed is not particularly limited, and may be once, twice or more. However, in order to avoid an excessive increase in the number of water washing tanks, it is preferable that the number of water washings be 5 times or less. Moreover, when performing the water washing process two or more times, each water washing may be performed by the same method or may be performed by different methods.
- the electrical conductivity is preferably 1 ⁇ S/m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ S/m or more, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ S/m or more.
- water with an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ S/m or less is used for the last washing, so for washing other than the last washing, Any water can be used.
- Water with an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ S/m or less may be used for washing other than the final washing, but from the perspective of reducing costs, it is recommended to use water with an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ S/m or less only in the final washing. It is preferable to use ordinary water such as tap water or industrial water for washing other than the final washing.
- the electrical conductivity of the water used for the final washing is preferably 50 ⁇ S/m or less, and 30 ⁇ S/m or less. /m or less is more preferable.
- the temperature of the water used for the washing process is not particularly limited and may be any temperature. However, since an excessively high temperature places an excessive burden on the washing equipment, it is preferable that the temperature of the water used for washing is 95° C. or lower. On the other hand, the lower limit of the temperature of the water used for washing is also not particularly limited, but it is preferably 0° C. or higher. The temperature of the water used for the washing may be room temperature.
- the water washing time per water washing treatment is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of enhancing the effect of the water washing treatment, it is preferably 0.1 seconds or more, and more preferably 0.2 seconds or more. Further, the upper limit of the water washing time per water washing treatment is not particularly limited, but when manufacturing on a continuous line, the line speed will decrease and productivity will decrease, so it is preferably 10 seconds or less, and 10 seconds or less is preferable. More preferably seconds or less.
- drying may be optionally performed.
- the drying method is not particularly limited, and for example, a normal dryer or an electric oven drying method can be applied.
- the temperature during the drying treatment is preferably 100°C or lower. Within the above range, deterioration of the surface treated film can be suppressed. Note that the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is usually about room temperature.
- the use of the surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention is not particularly limited, it is particularly suitable as a surface-treated steel sheet for containers used for manufacturing various containers such as food cans, beverage cans, pail cans, and 18-liter cans.
- a surface-treated steel sheet was manufactured according to the procedure described below, and its characteristics were evaluated.
- electrolytic solutions having compositions A to G shown in Table 1 were prepared under the conditions shown in Table 1. That is, each component shown in Table 1 was mixed with water to form an aqueous solution, and then the aqueous solution was adjusted to the pH and temperature shown in Table 1. Note that the electrolytic solution G corresponds to the electrolytic solution used in the example of Patent Document 6. Ammonia water was used to raise the pH, and to lower the pH, sulfuric acid was used for electrolytes A, B, and G, hydrochloric acid was used for electrolytes C and D, and nitric acid was used for electrolytes E and F.
- both sides of the steel plate were electrically plated with Ni to obtain a Ni-plated steel plate having Ni plating layers as Ni-containing layers on both sides of the steel plate.
- a Watts bath was used for the electro-Ni plating.
- the steel plate was sequentially subjected to electrolytic degreasing, water washing, pickling by immersion in dilute sulfuric acid, and water washing.
- the amount of Ni deposited in the Ni plating layer was set to the values shown in Tables 2 and 3 by changing the electrical quantity density. The amount of Ni deposited on the Ni-containing layer was measured by the above-mentioned calibration curve method using fluorescent X-rays.
- Ni--Fe alloy layer was formed as the Ni-containing layer. That is, after forming a Ni plating layer by the method described above, a Ni--Fe alloy layer was formed by annealing.
- steel plate As the steel plate, a steel plate for cans (T4 original plate) having a Cr content of the values shown in Tables 2 and 3 and a plate thickness of 0.17 mm was used.
- the amount of Cr deposited on one side of the steel sheet in the metal Cr layer and the amount of Cr deposited on one side of the steel sheet in the oxidized Cr layer were measured using the method described above.
- the C atomic ratio of the metal Cr layer was measured using the method described above.
- the "C atomic ratio" of the metal Cr layer shown in Tables 4 and 5 is a value representing the C content in the metal Cr layer in terms of the atomic ratio to Cr.
- the water contact angle, the amount of adsorbed elements, and the atomic ratio of Ni on the outermost surface were measured using the following methods. The measurement results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
- the water contact angle was measured using an automatic contact angle meter model CA-VP manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science.
- the surface temperature of the surface-treated steel sheet was set to 20°C ⁇ 1°C, distilled water at 20 ⁇ 1°C was used, and a droplet volume of 2 ⁇ l of distilled water was dropped onto the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet, and after 1 second, ⁇ /
- the contact angle was measured by method 2, and the arithmetic average value of the contact angles for 5 drops was taken as the water contact angle.
- the total atomic ratio of K, Na, Mg, and Ca adsorbed on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet to Cr was measured by XPS. In the measurements, no sputtering was performed. From the integrated intensity of the narrow spectrum of K2p, Na1s, Ca2p, Mg1s, and Cr2p on the outermost surface of the sample, the atomic ratio was quantified by the relative sensitivity coefficient method, and was calculated as (K atomic ratio + Na atomic ratio + Ca atomic ratio + Mg atomic ratio) / Cr atomic ratio. The ratio was calculated.
- a scanning X-ray photoelectron spectrometer PHI X-tool manufactured by ULVAC-PHI was used, the X-ray source was a monochrome AlK ⁇ ray, the voltage was 15 kV, the beam diameter was 100 ⁇ m ⁇ , and the extraction angle was 45°.
- Ni atomic ratio on the outermost surface The atomic ratio of Ni content to Cr on the outermost surface of the surface-treated steel sheet was measured by XPS. In the measurements, no sputtering was performed. From the integrated intensity of the narrow spectrum of Ni2p and Cr2p on the outermost surface of the sample, the atomic ratio was quantified by the relative sensitivity coefficient method, and the Ni atomic ratio/Cr atomic ratio was calculated.
- XPS measurements a scanning X-ray photoelectron spectrometer PHI X-tool manufactured by ULVAC-PHI was used, the X-ray source was a monochrome AlK ⁇ ray, the voltage was 15 kV, the beam diameter was 100 ⁇ m ⁇ , and the extraction angle was 45°.
- the obtained surface-treated steel sheet was evaluated for film wet adhesion, secondary paint adhesion, and weldability using the following methods. The evaluation results are also listed in Tables 4 and 5.
- An isophthalic acid copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate film having a stretching ratio of 3.1 x 3.1, a thickness of 25 ⁇ m, a copolymerization ratio of 12 mol%, and a melting point of 224°C is laminated on both sides of the obtained surface-treated steel sheet to obtain a laminated steel sheet.
- the lamination was carried out under conditions such that the crystallinity of the resin film was 10% or less, specifically, the feed speed of the steel plate: 40 m/min, the nip length of the rubber roll: 17 mm, and the time from crimping to water cooling: 1 sec. .
- the crystallinity of the resin film was determined by the density gradient tube method in accordance with JIS K7112.
- the nip length refers to the length of the portion where the rubber roll and the steel plate are in contact with each other in the conveyance direction.
- An epoxyphenol paint was applied to the surface of the obtained surface-treated steel sheet, and baked at 210° C. for 10 minutes to produce a coated steel sheet.
- the amount of coating applied was 50 mg/dm 2 .
- a cutter was used to make a cross cut deep enough to reach the base iron (steel plate) on the film surface of the produced laminated steel plate and the painted surface of the painted steel plate.
- a laminated steel plate with cross cuts and a painted steel plate were immersed for 96 hours in a test solution at 55°C consisting of a mixed aqueous solution containing 1.5% by mass citric acid and 1.5% by mass common salt. After dipping, washing and drying, cellophane adhesive tape was applied to the film surface of the laminated steel sheet and the painted surface of the painted steel sheet, and tape peeling was performed by peeling it off.
- the film peeling width (the total width of the left and right sides extending from the cut part) was measured at four arbitrary locations on the cross-cut part of the laminated steel plate, and the average value of the four locations was determined and considered as the corrosion width.
- the paint peeling width (the total width of the left and right sides extending from the cut part) was measured at four arbitrary locations on the cross-cut portion of the painted steel plate, and the average value of the four locations was determined and considered as the corrosion width.
- Film corrosion resistance and paint corrosion resistance were evaluated on the following four levels. In practical terms, if the rating is 1 to 3, it can be said that the material has excellent corrosion resistance.
- Corrosion width less than 0.3 mm 2 Corrosion width 0.3 mm or more and less than 0.5 mm 3: Corrosion width 0.5 mm or more and less than 1.0 mm 4: Corrosion width 1.0 mm or more
- Film wet adhesion was evaluated by a 180° peel test in a retort atmosphere at a temperature of 130° C. and a relative humidity of 100% using the laminated steel plate. The specific steps were as follows.
- test pieces were cut out from each of the above laminated steel plates: three test pieces with the front side as the target side and three test pieces with the back side as the target side.
- the size of each test piece was 30 mm in width and 100 mm in length.
- the film and steel plate on the opposite side of the target surface were cut, leaving the film on the target surface.
- the test piece was fixed in the longitudinal direction up to 15 mm from the bottom so that the steel plate was perpendicular to the ground, and the part 30 mm wide and 15 mm long above the cutting position was the target I made it hang down while being connected by a film on the surface.
- a weight of 100 g was attached to the hanging portion of 30 mm in width and 15 mm in length.
- the test piece in this state was left in a retort atmosphere at a temperature of 130° and a relative humidity of 100% for 30 minutes, and then opened to the atmosphere.
- the length by which the film on the target surface was peeled off from the surface-treated steel sheet was defined as the film peeling length, and for each laminated steel sheet, the average value of the film peeling length in six test pieces was determined.
- the film wet adhesion was evaluated on the following four levels. In practical terms, if the evaluation is 1 to 3, it can be said that the film has excellent wet adhesion.
- the average value of the three test pieces was evaluated on the following four levels. In practical terms, if the rating is 1 to 3, it can be said that the secondary paint adhesion is excellent. 1: 2.5 kgf or more 2: 2.0 kgf or more and less than 2.5 kgf 3: 1.5 kgf or more and less than 2.0 kgf 4: Less than 1.5 kgf
- the surface-treated steel sheets that meet the conditions of the present invention have excellent film corrosion resistance, paint corrosion resistance, and film wetness, even though they were manufactured without using hexavalent chromium. It had excellent adhesion, secondary paint adhesion, and weldability.
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Abstract
Description
前記鋼板の少なくとも一方の表面上に配置されたNi含有層と、
前記Ni含有層上に配置された金属Cr層と、
前記金属Cr層上に配置された酸化Cr層とを有し、
水接触角が50°以下であり、
表面に吸着したK、Na、Mg、およびCaの、Crに対する原子比率の合計が、5.0%以下である、表面処理鋼板。
3価クロムイオンを含有する電解液を調製する電解液調製工程と、
少なくとも一方の面にNi含有層を有する鋼板を前記電解液中で陰極電解処理する陰極電解処理工程と、
前記陰極電解処理後の鋼板を少なくとも1回水洗する水洗工程とを含み、
前記電解液調製工程では、
3価クロムイオン源、カルボン酸化合物、および水を混合し、
pHを4.0~7.0に調整するとともに、温度を40~70℃に調整することによって前記電解液が調製され、
前記水洗工程では、
少なくとも最後の水洗において、電気伝導度100μS/m以下の水を使用する、表面処理鋼板の製造方法。
前記鋼板としては、特に限定されることなく任意の鋼板を用いることができる。前記鋼板は、缶用鋼板であることが好ましい。前記鋼板としては、例えば、極低炭素鋼板または低炭素鋼板を用いることができる。前記鋼板の製造方法についても特に限定されず、任意の方法で製造された鋼板を用いることができる。通常は、前記鋼板として冷延鋼板を使用すればよい。前記冷延鋼板は、例えば、熱間圧延、酸洗、冷間圧延、焼鈍、および調質圧延を行う、一般的な製造工程により製造することができる。
C :0.0001~0.13%、
Si:0~0.020%、
Mn:0.01~0.60%
P :0~0.020%、
S :0~0.030%、
Al:0~0.20%、
N :0~0.040%、
Cu:0~0.20%、
Ni:0~0.15%、
Cr:0~0.10%、
Mo:0~0.05%、
Ti:0~0.020%、
Nb:0~0.020%、
B :0~0.020%、
Ca:0~0.020%、
Sn:0~0.020%、
Sb:0~0.020%、
および残部のFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有する鋼板を用いることが好ましい。上記成分組成のうち、Si、P、S、Al、およびNは含有量が低いほど好ましい成分であり、Cu、Ni、Cr、Mo、Ti、Nb、B、Ca、Sn、およびSbは、任意に添加し得る成分である。
表面処理鋼板を缶用鋼板として用いる場合、一般的に、ワイヤーシーム溶接等の抵抗溶接で溶接される。Niは鍛接性に優れる元素であるため、Ni含有層を配置することにより溶接性を向上させることができる。すなわち、Ni含有層が存在する場合、より低い抵抗発熱から優れた溶接強度が得られるため、溶接可能な電流の下限が広がる。
前記Ni含有層上には金属Cr層が存在する。
前記金属Cr層上には酸化Cr層が存在する。前記酸化Cr層の付着量は特に限定されず、任意の値とすることができる。しかし、耐食性をさらに向上させるという観点からは、酸化Cr層の付着量を、鋼板の片面当たりのCr付着量で0.1mg/m2以上とすることが好ましい。一方、前記酸化Cr層の付着量の上限についても特に限定されないが、前記酸化Cr層の付着量が過剰であると、接触抵抗が大きくなり、溶接性が損なわれる場合がある。そのため、より安定して溶接性を確保するという観点からは、酸化Cr層の付着量を、鋼板の片面当たりのCr付着量で15.0mg/m2以下とすることが好ましい。なお、酸化Cr層におけるCr付着量は、蛍光X線法により測定することができる。具体的には、前述の蛍光X線装置を用いて測定した全Cr量からアルカリ処理後Cr量を差し引くことにより、酸化Cr層におけるCr付着量を求めることができる。
本発明においては、表面処理鋼板の水接触角が50°以下であることが重要である。水接触角が50°以下となるよう表面処理鋼板の表面を高度に親水化することにより、塗料に含まれる樹脂と表面処理鋼板との間に強固な水素結合が形成され、その結果、湿潤環境下においても高い密着性を得ることができる。塗料2次密着性をさらに向上させるという観点からは、水接触角を48°以下とすることが好ましく、45°以下とすることがより好ましい。前記水接触角は、密着性向上の観点からは低ければ低いほど好ましいため、その下限はとくに限定されず、0°であってもよい。しかし、製造しやすさなどの観点からは、3°以上とすることが好ましく、6°以上とすることがより好ましい。なお、前記水接触角は、実施例に記載した方法で測定することができる。
上述したように、本発明の表面処理鋼板は水接触角が50°以下という高い親水性を有しており、その表面は化学的に活性である。そのため、前記表面処理鋼板の表面には、K、Na、Mg、およびCaなどの元素のカチオンが吸着しやすい。本発明者らは、単純に水接触角を50°以下とするのみでは、吸着した前記カチオンの影響のため、本来の密着性が発揮されないことを見出した。本発明では、表面処理鋼板の表面に吸着した前記カチオンの量を低減することにより、樹脂に対する密着性を向上させ、優れたフィルム湿潤密着性と塗料2次密着性を実現することができる。
本発明の一実施形態における表面処理鋼板の製造方法では、以下に説明する方法で、上記特性を備えた表面処理鋼板を製造することができる。
(1)3価クロムイオンを含有する電解液を調製する電解液調製工程
(2)Ni含有層を有する鋼板を前記電解液中で陰極電解処理する陰極電解処理工程
(3)前記陰極電解処理後の鋼板を少なくとも1回水洗する水洗工程
(i)混合
上記電解液調製工程では、まず、3価クロムイオン源、カルボン酸化合物、および水を混合して水溶液とする。
次に、前記水溶液のpHを4.0~7.0に調整するとともに、前記水溶液の温度を40~70℃に調整することによって前記電解液を調製する。上述した表面処理鋼板を製造するためには、単に3価クロムイオン源とカルボン酸化合物を水に溶解させるだけでは不十分であり、上記のとおりpHと温度を適正に制御することが重要である。
前記電解液調製工程においては、混合後の水溶液のpHを4.0~7.0に調整する。pHが4.0未満または7.0超であると、得られた電解液を用いて製造した表面処理鋼板の水接触角は50°より高くなる。pHは、4.5~6.5とすることが好ましい。
前記電解液調製工程では、混合後の水溶液の温度を40~70℃に調整する。温度が40℃未満、あるいは70℃超であると、得られた電解液を用いて製造した表面処理鋼板の水接触角が50°より大きくなる。なお、40~70℃の温度域での保持時間は特に限定されない。
次に、少なくとも一方の面にNi含有層を有する鋼板を上記電解液調製工程で得られた電解液中で陰極電解処理する。前記陰極電解処理により、前記Ni含有層上に金属Cr層と酸化Cr層とを形成することができる。
次に、上記陰極電解処理後の鋼板を少なくとも1回水洗する。水洗を行うことにより、鋼板の表面に残留している電解液を除去することができる。前記水洗は、特に限定されることなく任意の方法で行うことができる。例えば、陰極電解処理を行うための電解槽の下流に水洗タンクを設け、陰極電解処理後の鋼板を連続的に水に浸漬することができる。また、陰極電解処理後の鋼板にスプレーで水を吹き付けることによって水洗を行ってもよい。
まず、表1に示す組成A~Gを有する電解液を、表1に示した各条件で調製した。すなわち、表1に示した各成分を水と混合して水溶液とし、次いで前記水溶液を表1に示したpHおよび温度に調整した。なお、電解液Gは、特許文献6の実施例で使用されている電解液に相当する。pHの上昇にはいずれもアンモニア水を使用し、pHの低下には電解液A、B、Gには硫酸、電解液C、Dには塩酸、電解液E、Fには硝酸を使用した。
一方、鋼板に両面に電気Niめっきを施して、前記鋼板の両面にNi含有層としてのNiめっき層を備えるNiめっき鋼板を得た。前記電気Niめっきには、ワット浴を使用した。また、前記電気Niめっきに先だって、前記鋼板には電解脱脂、水洗、希硫酸への浸漬による酸洗、および水洗を順次施した。前記電気Niめっきにおいては、電気量密度を変えることによりNiめっき層のNi付着量を表2、3に示す値とした。前記Ni含有層のNi付着量は、上述した蛍光X線による検量線法で測定した。Niめっき層形成後は水洗を施し、キープウェットのまま次の陰極電解処理工程に供した。なお、一部の実施例においては、Ni含有層としてNi-Fe合金層を形成した。すなわち、上述した方法によりNiめっき層を形成した後、焼鈍することによりNi-Fe合金層を形成した。
次に、前記Niめっき鋼板に対して、表2、3に示す条件で陰極電解処理を施した。なお、陰極電解処理の際の電解液は表1に示したpHと温度に保持した。陰極電解処理時の電気量密度は表2、3に示す値であり、電解時間とパス数は適宜変化させた。陰極電解処理時の陽極としては、基体としてのTiに酸化イリジウムをコーティングした不溶性陽極を使用した。陰極電解処理を行った後は、水洗処理を行い、ブロアを用いて室温で乾燥を行った。
次いで、上記陰極電解処理後の鋼板に水洗処理を施した。前記水洗処理は、表2、3に示した条件で1~5回行った。各回の水洗の方法と、使用した水の電気伝導度は表2、3に示したとおりとした。
水接触角は、協和界面科学社製の自動接触角計CA-VP型を用いて測定した。表面処理鋼板の表面温度を20℃±1℃とし、水は20±1℃の蒸留水を使用し、2μlの液滴量で蒸留水を表面処理鋼板の表面に滴下し、1秒後にθ/2法によって接触角を測定し、5滴分の接触角の相加平均値を水接触角とした。
表面処理鋼板の表面に吸着したK、Na、Mg、およびCaの、Crに対する原子比率の合計を、XPSにより測定した。測定においては、スパッタは行わなかった。試料最表面のK2p、Na1s、Ca2p、Mg1s、およびCr2pのナロースペクトルの積分強度から、相対感度係数法により原子比率を定量化し、(K原子比率+Na原子比率+Ca原子比率+Mg原子比率)/Cr原子比率を算出した。XPSの測定には、アルバックファイ社製走査型X線光電子分光分析装置PHI X-toolを用い、X線源はモノクロAlKα線、電圧は15kV、ビーム径は100μmφ、取出角は45°とした。
表面処理鋼板の最表面におけるNi含有量のCrに対する原子比率を、XPSにより測定した。測定においては、スパッタは行わなかった。試料最表面のNi2pおよびCr2pのナロースペクトルの積分強度から、相対感度係数法により原子比率を定量化し、Ni原子比率/Cr原子比率を算出した。XPSの測定には、アルバックファイ社製走査型X線光電子分光分析装置PHI X-toolを用い、X線源はモノクロAlKα線、電圧は15kV、ビーム径は100μmφ、取出角は45°とした。
フィルム耐食性およびフィルム湿潤密着性の評価に使用するサンプルとしてのラミネート鋼板を、以下の手順で作製した。
作製したラミネート鋼板のフィルム面および塗装鋼板の塗装面に、カッターを用いて地鉄(鋼板)に達する深さのクロスカットを入れた。クロスカットを入れたラミネート鋼板および塗装鋼板を、1.5質量%クエン酸と1.5質量%食塩とを含有する混合水溶液からなる55℃の試験液に、96時間浸漬した。浸漬後、洗浄および乾燥をした後、ラミネート鋼板のフィルム面、および塗装鋼板の塗装面にセロハン粘着テープを貼り付け、引き剥がすテープ剥離を行った。フィルム耐食性については、ラミネート鋼板のクロスカット部の任意の4箇所についてフィルム剥離幅(カット部から広がる左右の合計幅)を測定し、4箇所の平均値を求め、腐食幅とみなした。塗装耐食性については、塗装鋼板のクロスカット部の任意の4箇所について塗装剥離幅(カット部から広がる左右の合計幅)を測定し、4箇所の平均値を求め、腐食幅とみなした。フィルム耐食性および塗装耐食性は、下記の4水準で評価した。実用上、評価が1~3であれば、耐食性に優れるといえる。
1:腐食幅0.3mm未満
2:腐食幅0.3mm以上0.5mm未満
3:腐食幅0.5mm以上1.0mm未満
4:腐食幅1.0mm以上
フィルム湿潤密着性は、上記ラミネート鋼板を使用して、温度130℃、相対湿度100%のレトルト雰囲気における180°ピール試験により評価した。具体的な手順は以下の通りとした。
1:剥離長20mm未満
2:剥離長20mm以上40mm未満
3:剥離長40mm以上60mm未満
4:剥離長60mm以上
同じ条件で作製した塗装鋼板2枚を、ナイロン接着フィルムを挟んで塗装面が向かい合わせになるように積層した後、圧力2.94×105Pa、温度190℃、圧着時間30秒の圧着条件下で貼り合わせた。その後、これを5mm幅の試験片に分割した。分割した試験片は、1.5質量%クエン酸と1.5質量%食塩とを含有する混合水溶液からなる55℃の試験液に、168時間浸漬した。浸漬後、洗浄および乾燥をした後、分割した試験片の2枚の鋼板を引張試験機で引き剥がし、引き剥がしたときの引張強度を測定した。3つの試験片の平均値を下記の4水準で評価した。実用上、評価が1~3であれば、塗料2次密着性に優れるといえる。
1:2.5kgf以上
2:2.0kgf以上2.5kgf未満
3:1.5kgf以上2.0kgf未満
4:1.5kgf未満
得られた表面処理鋼板について、塗装焼付工程を想定して210℃×10分の熱処理を施した後、2枚のサンプルを、DR型1質量%Cr-Cu電極(先端径2.3mm、曲率R40mmとして加工した電極)で挟み込み、下記条件で通電した。
・アマダミヤチ社製トランジスタ式電源:MDA-8000A
・溶接ヘッド:AH-200
・加圧:40kgf
・通電時間:1.6msec.(スロープ0.2msec.)
・波形:矩形波
1:2.5kA以上
2:2.0kA以上、2.5kA未満
3:1.5kA以上、2.0kA未満
4:1.5kA未満
Claims (6)
- 鋼板と、
前記鋼板の少なくとも一方の表面上に配置されたNi含有層と、
前記Ni含有層上に配置された金属Cr層と、
前記金属Cr層上に配置された酸化Cr層とを有し、
水接触角が50°以下であり、
表面に吸着したK、Na、Mg、およびCaの、Crに対する原子比率の合計が、5.0%以下である、表面処理鋼板。 - 前記Ni含有層は、Ni付着量が前記鋼板の片面当たり200mg/m2以上2000mg/m2以下である、請求項1に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 前記金属Cr層は、Cr付着量が前記鋼板の片面当たり2mg/m2以上40mg/m2未満である、請求項1または2に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 前記酸化Cr層は、Cr付着量が前記鋼板の片面当たり0.1mg/m2以上15.0mg/m2以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 前記表面処理鋼板の表面におけるNiの、Crに対する原子比率が、100%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 鋼板と、前記鋼板の少なくとも一方の表面上に配置されたNi含有層と、前記Ni含有層上に配置された金属Cr層と、前記金属Cr層上に配置された酸化Cr層とを有する表面処理鋼板の製造方法であって、
3価クロムイオンを含有する電解液を調製する電解液調製工程と、
少なくとも一方の面にNi含有層を有する鋼板を前記電解液中で陰極電解処理する陰極電解処理工程と、
前記陰極電解処理後の鋼板を少なくとも1回水洗する水洗工程とを含み、
前記電解液調製工程では、
3価クロムイオン源、カルボン酸化合物、および水を混合し、
pHを4.0~7.0に調整するとともに、温度を40~70℃に調整することによって前記電解液が調製され、
前記水洗工程では、
少なくとも最後の水洗において、電気伝導度100μS/m以下の水を使用する、表面処理鋼板の製造方法。
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