WO2023197231A1 - 一种光阀及调光玻璃 - Google Patents

一种光阀及调光玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023197231A1
WO2023197231A1 PCT/CN2022/086741 CN2022086741W WO2023197231A1 WO 2023197231 A1 WO2023197231 A1 WO 2023197231A1 CN 2022086741 W CN2022086741 W CN 2022086741W WO 2023197231 A1 WO2023197231 A1 WO 2023197231A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light valve
light
modified siloxane
layer
protective layer
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2022/086741
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张达玮
张昱喆
李亚男
赵世勇
肖淑勇
梁斌
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Zhejiang Jingyi New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Jingyi New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Zhejiang Jingyi New Material Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Zhejiang Jingyi New Material Technology Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2022/086741 priority Critical patent/WO2023197231A1/zh
Priority to JP2024560601A priority patent/JP7830692B2/ja
Priority to EP22936881.6A priority patent/EP4509899A4/en
Priority to KR1020247037369A priority patent/KR20240170574A/ko
Priority to US18/856,637 priority patent/US20250251635A1/en
Priority to CN202280039360.5A priority patent/CN117561469A/zh
Publication of WO2023197231A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023197231A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C09D183/06—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/135—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied
    • G02F1/1357—Electrode structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C09D183/08—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/135—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08G77/20—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2483/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2483/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08J2483/08—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
    • G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
    • G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/169—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on orientable non-spherical particles having a common optical characteristic, e.g. suspended particles of reflective metal flakes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/17—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
    • G02F2001/1536—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for additional, e.g. protective, layer inside the cell
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/08—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 light absorbing layer
    • G02F2201/086—UV absorbing
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    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/28—Adhesive materials or arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of light valves, and relates to a light valve, a light-switching glass, and the application of modified siloxane oligomers in light valves.
  • it relates to a light valve, a light-switching glass, a modified siloxane oligomer, and a modified siloxane oligomer.
  • a light valve is a device that can adjust the transmittance of light passing through itself. It is also collectively known as a dimming film, which is a smart film. Traditional dimming films directly attach the film to the glass, and then apply voltage to make the dimming film appear transparent and foggy, achieving people's dual requirements for glass penetration and privacy protection. Even when it is opaque, the lighting is still good. , which cannot be achieved by all current curtains, and has an insulating and reflective effect on the heat energy of light, making the indoor warm in winter and cool in summer, environmentally friendly and energy-saving. This product utilizes the optical properties of liquid crystal to realize the photoelectric function of the film. It is currently widely used in Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries. The component formed after the dimming film is laminated is generally called dimming glass.
  • the existing technology will set a resin protective layer above and below the light control layer to form a multi-layer structure.
  • the protective layer in the current light valve still has room for improvement, and its effect is not good.
  • the light valve will have more attenuation in the long-term thermal aging test, resulting in poor weather resistance and service life.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an application of modified siloxane oligomer in a light valve, a protective layer of the light valve, a light valve and a dimming glass.
  • the modified siloxane oligomer provided by the invention serves as the protective layer of the light valve and can achieve better thermal stability, radiation resistance and stronger interlayer adhesion of the light valve.
  • the invention provides a light valve.
  • the light valve includes a first transparent electrode provided on a first transparent substrate, a second transparent electrode provided on a second transparent substrate, and a first transparent electrode provided on the first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode provided on the second transparent substrate. a light control layer between electrodes;
  • a first protective layer is provided between the first transparent electrode and the light control layer, and/or
  • a second protective layer is provided between the second transparent electrode and the light control layer
  • the first protective layer and/or the second protective layer includes solid modified siloxane polymer, including in mass percentage:
  • the solid modified siloxane polymer is obtained by curing modified siloxane oligomer
  • the curing method includes light curing and/or thermal curing.
  • the modified siloxane oligomer has the structure shown in formula (I):
  • n and m are the degree of polymerization
  • R 1 is each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or aryl
  • R 2 is selected from vinyl, propenyl, epoxy or Q-(CH 2 ) a -;
  • R 3 is each independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, vinyl, propenyl or Q-(CH 2 ) a -;
  • Q is an acryloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group
  • a is a positive integer
  • a is 2 to 10.
  • At least one of the side chain R 2 and the end-capped R 3 of the modified siloxane oligomer contains a curable group
  • the curable group includes at least one of vinyl, propenyl, epoxy and Q-(CH 2 ) a -;
  • Q is an acryloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group
  • a is a positive integer
  • a is 2 to 10.
  • the mass content of the curable group is 0.1% to 20% of the modified siloxane oligomer.
  • R 3 is a non-curable group
  • the molecular weight Mn of the modified siloxane oligomer is 1,000 to 100,000.
  • the modified siloxane oligomer has one or more of a chain structure, a network structure and a three-dimensional structure.
  • the raw materials for forming the first protective layer or the second protective layer include, in terms of mass percentage:
  • the added amount of the antioxidant is 0.01 to 3 parts by weight;
  • the antioxidant includes one or more of epoxidized soybean oil, DTDTP and antioxidant 535.
  • the added amount of the ultraviolet absorber is 0.01 to 3 parts by weight;
  • the ultraviolet absorber includes one or more of UV99, UV326, UV384 and UV1130.
  • the added amount of the infrared absorber is 0.01 to 3 parts by weight;
  • the infrared absorber includes one or more of nanometer indium oxide, nanometer tungsten oxide and nanometer tin oxide.
  • the added amount of the light stabilizer is 0.01 to 3 parts by weight;
  • the light stabilizer includes one or more of light stabilizer UV144, light stabilizer UV249 and light stabilizer UV292.
  • the added amount of the heat stabilizer is 0.01 to 3 parts by weight;
  • the heat stabilizer includes one or more of dibutyltin laurate, isooctyl stannous and phosphite.
  • the initiator includes a photoinitiator
  • the photoinitiator includes one or more of photoinitiator 819, photoinitiator 184, photoinitiator 1130, photoinitiator BDK, photoinitiator TPO and photoinitiator Irgacure 250.
  • the initiator includes a thermal initiator
  • the thermal initiator includes one or more of thermal initiator BPO, thermal initiator TPB and thermal initiator AIBN.
  • the added amount of the liquid additive is 0.01 to 40 parts by weight;
  • the liquid additive includes one or more of phthalate esters, trimellitate esters, terephthalate esters, epoxy esters, acrylic resin and methacrylic resin.
  • the thickness of the first protective layer and/or the second protective layer is 1 to 10 microns.
  • a primer coat coated on the first electrode and/or the second electrode is further included.
  • the base coating material includes one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyimide resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, modified acrylic and silicone.
  • the light control layer is one of a suspended particle light modulating layer, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal light modulating layer and an electrochromic light modulating layer.
  • the first protective layer, light control layer and second protective layer are formed by layer-by-layer coating or multi-layer co-extrusion.
  • the invention provides a dimming glass, including a first glass plate and a second glass plate;
  • the light valve according to any one of the above technical solutions is provided between the first glass plate and the second glass plate.
  • a first interlayer is provided between the first glass plate and the light valve, and/or a second interlayer is provided between the second glass plate and the light valve.
  • the invention also provides the application of modified siloxane oligomers in light valves
  • the modified siloxane oligomer has the structure shown in formula (I):
  • n and m are the degree of polymerization
  • R 1 is each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or aryl
  • R 2 is selected from vinyl, propenyl, epoxy or Q-(CH 2 ) a -;
  • R 3 is each independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, vinyl, propenyl or Q-(CH 2 ) a -;
  • Q is an acryloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group
  • a is a positive integer
  • a is 2 to 10.
  • the invention provides a light valve. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention aims at the problems in the weather resistance and long-term stability of the light valve caused by the poor effect of the existing light valve protective layer.
  • the present invention designs a modified silicone with a specific structure. Alkane oligomers are used creatively in the protective layer material of light valves.
  • the present invention uses modified siloxane polymer as the material of the protective layer adjacent to the light control layer, which greatly improves the overall thermal stability and light stability of the light valve, and at the same time obtains higher interlayer adhesion, effectively solving the problem of This solves the problem of rapid decay of existing light valves in long-term thermal aging tests.
  • the solution of the protective layer containing the modified siloxane polymer provided by the present invention improves the product weather resistance, product life and yield of the light valve.
  • the curing method of the modified siloxane polymer is simple, so the light valve protective layer provided by the present invention can be simply realized through UV light curing technology or thermal curing technology.
  • the light valve can also be prepared layer by layer. Coating or multi-layer co-extrusion coating methods can achieve simple and stable preparation, simple process, strong controllability, and are more suitable for large-scale industrial production and promotion and application.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the light valve provided by the present invention.
  • the present invention preferably adopts analytical purity or conventional purity used in the field of preparation of modified siloxane oligomers.
  • the invention provides the application of modified siloxane oligomers in light valves
  • the modified siloxane oligomer has the structure shown in formula (I):
  • n and m are the degree of polymerization
  • R 1 is each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or aryl
  • R 2 is selected from vinyl, propenyl, epoxy or Q-(CH 2 ) a -;
  • R 3 is each independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, vinyl, propenyl or Q-(CH 2 ) a -;
  • Q is an acryloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group
  • a is a positive integer
  • a is 2 to 10.
  • the invention provides a light valve.
  • the light valve includes a first transparent electrode provided on a first transparent substrate, a second transparent electrode provided on a second transparent substrate, and a first transparent electrode provided on the first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode provided on the second transparent substrate. a light control layer between electrodes;
  • a first protective layer is provided between the first transparent electrode and the light control layer, and/or
  • a second protective layer is provided between the second transparent electrode and the light control layer
  • the first protective layer and/or the second protective layer includes solid modified siloxane polymer, including in mass percentage:
  • the modified siloxane oligomer is preferably a curable modified siloxane oligomer.
  • the curing method preferably includes UV light curing and/or thermal curing, and more preferably UV light curing and/or thermal curing.
  • the modified siloxane oligomer has the structure shown in formula (I):
  • n and m are the degree of polymerization
  • R 1 is each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy or aryl
  • R 2 is selected from vinyl, propenyl, epoxy or Q-(CH 2 ) a -;
  • R 3 is each independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, vinyl, propenyl or Q-(CH 2 ) a -;
  • Q is an acryloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group
  • a is a positive integer
  • a is 2 to 10.
  • At least one of the side chain R 2 and the end-capped R 3 of the modified siloxane oligomer preferably contains a curable group.
  • the curable group preferably includes at least one of vinyl, propenyl, epoxy and Q-(CH 2 ) a -, more preferably vinyl, propenyl, cyclo Oxygen or Q-(CH 2 ) a -.
  • Q is an acryloxy group or a methacryloyloxy group
  • a is a positive integer
  • a is 2 to 10.
  • the mass content of the curable group is preferably 0.1% to 20% of the modified siloxane oligomer, more preferably 4% to 16%, and more preferably 8% to 12%.
  • the molecular weight Mn of the modified siloxane oligomer is preferably 1,000 to 100,000, more preferably 10,000 to 80,000, more preferably 20,000 to 60,000, and more preferably 30,000 to 40,000.
  • the modified siloxane oligomer preferably has one or more of a chain structure, a network structure and a three-dimensional structure, and is more preferably a chain structure, a network structure or a three-dimensional structure. .
  • the modified siloxane oligomer is preferably cured to obtain a modified siloxane high polymer.
  • the modified siloxane polymer is preferably a modified siloxane polymer protective layer for light valves.
  • the added amount of the modified siloxane oligomer is 44 to 99.99 parts by weight, preferably 54 to 89 parts by weight, and more preferably 64 to 79 parts by weight.
  • the antioxidant is added in an amount of 0 to 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight.
  • the ultraviolet absorber is added in an amount of 0 to 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight.
  • the infrared absorber is added in an amount of 0 to 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight.
  • the added amount of the light stabilizer is 0 to 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight.
  • the added amount of the heat stabilizer is 0 to 3 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.5 to 1 part by weight.
  • the added amount of the initiator is 0.01-1 parts by weight, preferably 0.1-0.8 parts by weight, more preferably 0.2-0.6 parts by weight, and more preferably 0.3-0.4 parts by weight.
  • the added amount of the liquid additive is 0 to 40 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 30 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight.
  • the antioxidant preferably includes one or more of epoxidized soybean oil, DTDTP and antioxidant 535, more preferably epoxidized soybean oil, DTDTP or antioxidant 535.
  • the ultraviolet absorber preferably includes one or more of UV99, UV326, UV384 and UV1130, more preferably UV99, UV326, UV384 or UV1130.
  • the infrared absorber preferably includes one or more of nanometer indium oxide, nanometer tungsten oxide and nanometer tin oxide, and more preferably nanometer indium oxide, nanometer tungsten oxide or nanometer tin oxide.
  • the light stabilizer preferably includes one or more of light stabilizer UV144, light stabilizer UV249 and light stabilizer UV292, more preferably light stabilizer UV144, light stabilizer UV249 or light stabilizer UV292 .
  • the heat stabilizer preferably includes one or more of dibutyltin laurate, isooctylstann and phosphite, and more preferably is dibutyltin laurate, isooctylstann or phosphite.
  • the initiator preferably includes a photoinitiator and a thermal initiator.
  • the photoinitiator preferably includes one or more of photoinitiator 819, photoinitiator 184, photoinitiator 1130, photoinitiator BDK, photoinitiator TPO and photoinitiator Irgacure 250, and more Preferred are photoinitiator 819, photoinitiator 184, photoinitiator 1130, photoinitiator BDK, photoinitiator TPO or photoinitiator Irgacure 250.
  • the thermal initiator preferably includes one or more of thermal initiator BPO, thermal initiator TPB and thermal initiator AIBN, more preferably thermal initiator BPO, thermal initiator TPB or thermal initiator AIBN.
  • the liquid additive preferably includes one or more of phthalates, trimellitates, terephthalates, epoxy esters, acrylic resins and methacrylic resins. species, more preferably phthalate esters, trimellitate esters, terephthalate esters, epoxy esters, acrylic resin or methacrylic resin.
  • the protective layer raw material is preferably cured by UV light and/or thermally cured to obtain a modified silicone polymer protective layer. More preferably, the raw material of the protective layer is cured by UV light or thermally cured to obtain a modified silicone polymer protective layer. Alkane polymer protective layer.
  • the modified silicone polymer in the present invention also contains antioxidants (0.1% to 3%), ultraviolet absorbers (0.1% to 3%), infrared absorbers (0.1% to 3%), light stabilizers ( One or more of them (0.1% ⁇ 3%), heat stabilizer (0.1% ⁇ 3%), etc., are used to improve the anti-ultraviolet performance of the light valve.
  • the thickness of the first protective layer and/or the second protective layer is 1 to 10 microns.
  • the thickness is preferably 1 to 10 microns, more preferably 3 to 8 microns, and more preferably 5 to 6 microns.
  • first transparent electrode and the first protective layer and/or the second transparent electrode and the second protective layer it also includes coating on the first transparent electrode and/or the second transparent electrode. of base coat.
  • the base coating material preferably includes one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyimide resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, modified acrylic and silicone, and more preferably cyclic Oxygen resin, polyurethane, polyimide resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, modified acrylic or silicone.
  • the transparent electrode preferably includes ITO conductive layer, FZO conductive layer, IZO conductive layer, GZO conductive layer, AZO conductive layer, PEDOT conductive layer, nano-Ag wire conductive layer, conductive graphene and nano-Cu wire conductive layer .
  • the transparent substrate preferably includes PET and/or glass, more preferably PET or glass.
  • the light control layer is preferably one or more of a suspended particle dimming layer, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal dimming layer, and an electrochromic dimming layer, and is more preferably a suspended particle dimming layer, a polymeric dimming layer, or a suspended particle dimming layer. Physically dispersed liquid crystal dimming layer or electrochromic dimming layer.
  • the preparation method of the light valve preferably includes coating.
  • the coating method preferably includes layer-by-layer coating or multi-layer co-extrusion coating. More preferably, the first protective layer, light control layer and second protective layer are preferably formed by multi-layer co-extrusion.
  • the present invention is a complete and refined overall technical solution, which can better ensure the performance of the modified siloxane oligomer, improve the stability and adhesion of the protective layer of the light valve, and thereby improve the overall performance of the final light valve.
  • the above modifications The specific siloxane oligomer can have the following structure:
  • the curable modified siloxane oligomer has a main chain of siloxane, and at least one of its side chains or end caps contains a curable group.
  • the content of the curable group is 0.1% to 20% of the total.
  • the curable group is one or more of vinyl, acryl, acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, and epoxy groups,
  • the molecular weight Mn of the curable modified siloxane oligomer is 1000-100,000.
  • the curable modified siloxane oligomer can have a chain structure, a network structure, or a three-dimensional structure. More preferably, the curable modified siloxane oligomer has a chain structure.
  • the curable modified siloxane oligomer has a structure shown in formula (I):
  • R 1 is one or more of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, and aryl;
  • R 2 contains one or more groups including vinyl, acryl, acryloyloxy, methacryloyloxy, and epoxy;
  • R 3 is one or two of hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, vinyl, propylene, acryloyloxy, and methacryloyloxy.
  • the light valve provided by the invention includes a light control layer
  • Transparent electrodes and transparent substrates compounded on the upper and lower surfaces of the protective layer
  • the protective layer is a modified siloxane polymer protective layer
  • the modified siloxane polymer protective layer includes the modified siloxane polymer protective layer described in any one of the above technical solutions.
  • the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 1 to 10 microns, more preferably 3 to 8 microns, and more preferably 5 to 6 microns.
  • a primer layer compounded on the transparent electrode is preferably included between the transparent electrode and the protective layer.
  • the base coating material preferably includes one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyimide resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, modified acrylic and silicone, and more preferably cyclic Oxygen resin, polyurethane, polyimide resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, modified acrylic or silicone.
  • the transparent electrode preferably includes ITO conductive layer, FZO conductive layer, IZO conductive layer, GZO conductive layer, AZO conductive layer, PEDOT conductive layer, nano-Ag wire conductive layer, conductive graphene and nano-Cu wire conductive layer .
  • the transparent substrate preferably includes PET and/or glass, more preferably PET or glass.
  • the light control layer is preferably one or more of a suspended particle dimming layer, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal dimming layer, and an electrochromic dimming layer, and is more preferably a suspended particle dimming layer, a polymeric dimming layer, or a suspended particle dimming layer. Physically dispersed liquid crystal dimming layer or electrochromic dimming layer.
  • the preparation method of the light valve preferably includes coating.
  • the coating method preferably includes layer-by-layer coating or multi-layer co-extrusion coating.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the light valve provided by the present invention.
  • 11 is ITO/PET or ITO/glass
  • 12 is the primer layer (may or may not be included)
  • 22 is the protective layer
  • 21 is the light control layer.
  • the base coating is one of: epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyimide resin, polystyrene resin, acrylic resin, modified acrylic, and silicone.
  • the protective layer is: modified siloxane polymer.
  • additives can be added:
  • UV absorber
  • UV1130 One or more of UV1130.
  • nano-indium oxide One or more of nano-indium oxide, nano-tungsten oxide, and nano-tin oxide.
  • One or more of dibutyltin laurate, isooctyl stannous, and phosphite isooctyl stannous, and phosphite.
  • the modified siloxane polymer used in the protective layer provided by the present invention is realized by curable modified siloxane oligomer through UV light curing or thermal curing technology.
  • the invention provides a dimming glass, which includes:
  • the light valve according to any one of the above technical solutions is provided between the first glass plate and the second glass plate.
  • a first adhesive layer is preferably provided between the first glass plate and the light valve, and/or a second adhesive layer is provided between the second glass plate and the light valve.
  • layer more preferably, a first interlayer is provided between the first glass plate and the light valve, and a second interlayer is provided between the second glass plate and the light valve.
  • the types of the first glass plate and the second glass plate are not particularly limited.
  • Conventional dimming glass well known to those skilled in the art can be transparent glass, and can be ordinary glass such as inorganic glass, organic glass, or It can be functional glass, such as UV blocking glass, IR blocking glass, Low-E glass, tempered glass or antibacterial glass, etc.
  • the types of the first laminated layer and the second laminated layer are not particularly limited. They are conventional laminated layers for dimming glass that are well known to those skilled in the art, and can be EVA film, TPU film, or PVB.
  • the adhesive film can also be a functional adhesive film, such as UV blocking EVA adhesive film, UV blocking TPU adhesive film, UV blocking PVB adhesive film, etc.
  • the method of manufacturing the dimming glass is not particularly limited, and it can be any conventional lamination method for dimming glass in this field, such as lamination in a laminator, or in an autoclave or lamination box/furnace. Lamination, etc.
  • the above steps of the present invention provide a light valve and the application of dimming glass and modified siloxane oligomer in the light valve.
  • the present invention designs a modified siloxane oligomer with a specific structure and applies it to the protective layer material of the light valve.
  • the present invention uses modified siloxane polymer as the material of the protective layer adjacent to the light control layer, which greatly improves the overall thermal stability and light stability of the light valve, and at the same time obtains higher interlayer adhesion, effectively solving the problem of This solves the problem of rapid decay of existing light valves in long-term thermal aging tests.
  • the solution of the protective layer containing the modified siloxane polymer provided by the present invention improves the product weather resistance, product life and yield of the light valve.
  • the curing method of the modified siloxane polymer is simple, so the light valve protective layer provided by the present invention can be simply realized through UV light curing technology or thermal curing technology.
  • the light valve can also be prepared layer by layer. Coating or multi-layer co-extrusion coating methods can achieve simple and stable preparation, simple process, strong controllability, and are more suitable for large-scale industrial production and promotion and application.
  • a photoinitiator is added to the protective layer raw material containing modified siloxane oligomer to cause polymerization reaction by UV light.
  • Structure 2 is the general formula of curable modified siloxane oligomer A synthesized by the present invention.
  • R 2 is acryloyloxypropyl.
  • Structure 3 is the general formula B of the curable modified siloxane oligomer synthesized in the present invention.
  • R 2 is acryloyloxypropyl.
  • R 2 is 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl.
  • Example 16 the poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane), divinyl-terminated general formula is:
  • Example 17 The poly(dimethylsiloxane) in Example 17 has a vinyl-terminated general formula:
  • UV99 is replaced by UV326.
  • UV99 is replaced by UV384.
  • UV99 is replaced by UV1130.
  • UV144 is replaced by UV249.
  • UV144 is replaced by UV292.
  • Example 3 Same as Example 3, except that the addition of 0.1g UV99 is replaced by the addition of 0.3g UV99; the addition of 9.78g of curable modified siloxane oligomer A is replaced by the addition of 9.58g of curable modified siloxane oligomer A g.
  • Example 3 Same as Example 3, except that the addition of 0.1g UV99 is replaced by the addition of 0.01g UV326; the addition of 9.78g of curable modified siloxane oligomer A is replaced by the addition of 9.97g of curable modified siloxane oligomer A g.
  • Example 3 Same as Example 3, except that the light stabilizer 0.1g UV144 is replaced by the antioxidant 0.1g DTDTP.
  • Example 3 Same as Example 3, except that the light stabilizer 0.1g UV144 is replaced with 0.1g antioxidant 535.
  • Example 3 Same as Example 3, except that the light stabilizer 0.1g UV144 is replaced by the antioxidant 0.3g epoxy soybean oil, and the curable modified silicone oligomer A 9.88g is replaced by the curable modified silicone. Alkane oligomer A 9.68g.
  • curable modified siloxane oligomer A is replaced by curable modified siloxane oligomer B.
  • Example 3 Same as Example 3, except that the curable modified siloxane oligomer A is replaced with poly[dimethylsiloxane-co-(2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl)methyl based silicone], the addition of photoinitiator 819 was replaced by the addition of thermal photoinitiator Irgacure 250.
  • Example 3 Same as Example 3, except that the curable modified siloxane oligomer A is replaced with poly(dimethylsiloxane), vinyl end-capped, and the addition of photoinitiator 819 is replaced by the addition of thermal initiator BPO .
  • Example 3 Same as Example 3, except that the curable modified siloxane oligomer A is replaced with poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-diphenylsiloxane), divinyl end-capped, and light is added.
  • Initiator 819 was replaced by adding thermal initiator BPO.
  • Example 3 Place the ITO/PET containing the base coating on the scraping platform and fix it to the platform by vacuuming.
  • the glue solution is evenly applied to the surface of the base coating, and the sample is cured under a UV lamp with a curing intensity of 300W/m 2 and a curing time of 5 seconds to obtain the lower substrate; repeat the above steps to obtain the upper substrate. Remove the side substrate and apply the light control layer glue on it using a scraper coating method.
  • the modified silicone oligomer glue solution 1 in Example 3 is replaced with the modified silicone oligomer glue solutions 2 to 12 in Examples 4 to 14.
  • Samples 1-2 to 1-12 can be prepared.
  • Example 19 According to the method of Example 19, the modified silicone oligomer glue solution 1 in Example 3 is replaced with the modified silicone oligomer glue solutions 2 to 12 in Examples 4 to 14. Samples 2-2 to 2-12 can be obtained.
  • Example 18 Same as Example 18, except that the modified siloxane oligomer glue 1 in Example 3 is replaced by the modified siloxane oligomer glue 13 in Example 15, and the sample is cured under a UV lamp.
  • the strength is 300W/m 2 and the curing time is 5s.
  • Replace the sample with a 60°C oven and a curing time of 5min.
  • Example 20 According to the method of Example 20, the modified silicone oligomer glue solution 1 in Example 3 is replaced with the modified silicone oligomer glue solutions 14 to 15 in Examples 16 to 17. Samples 1-14 to 1-15 can be prepared.
  • Example 19 Same as Example 19, except that the modified siloxane oligomer glue 1 in Example 3 is replaced by the modified siloxane oligomer glue 13 in Example 15.
  • the sample was cured under a UV lamp with a curing intensity of 2000W/m 2 and a curing time of 15 seconds. Instead, the sample was placed in a 60°C oven with a curing time of 5 minutes.
  • Example 21 According to the method of Example 21, the modified silicone oligomer glue solution 1 in Example 3 is replaced with the modified silicone oligomer glue solutions 14 to 15 in Examples 16 to 17. Samples 2-14 to 2-15 can be obtained.
  • the light valve sample of the comparative example was laminated to make a laminated glass sample, and a medium-pressure mercury lamp irradiation aging instrument was used to conduct an aging test, and the time required for the sample color difference ⁇ E>5% was recorded.
  • the light valve sample of the comparative example was laminated to make a laminated glass sample, and a 100°C oven was used for aging testing, and the 1000h data of the sample was recorded.
  • Table 1 shows the performance data of samples prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
  • the liquid additive includes one or more of phthalate esters, trimellitate esters, terephthalate esters, epoxy esters, and methacrylic resin.
  • octyl phthalate isodecyl phthalate, butyl phthalate, octyl terephthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, and triisodecyl trimellitate can be used.
  • Example 22 Same as Example 22, except that octyl phthalate is replaced by isodecyl phthalate.
  • Example 22 Same as Example 22, except that octyl phthalate is replaced by butyl phthalate.
  • Example 22 Same as Example 22, except that octyl phthalate is replaced by octyl terephthalate.
  • Example 22 Same as Example 22, except that octyl phthalate is replaced by triisodecyl trimellitate.
  • Example 22 Same as Example 22, except that octyl phthalate is replaced by polylauryl methacrylate.
  • Example 22 Same as Example 22, except that octyl phthalate is replaced by polyhexyl methacrylate.
  • the modified siloxane oligomer glue solutions a-j prepared in Examples 22 to 31 of the present invention are used to prepare light valves.
  • the specific method is the same as that in Example 18 and Example 19.
  • 1-* means layer-by-layer coating
  • 2-* means multi-layer co-extrusion.
  • Table 2 shows the performance data of the samples prepared from the modified siloxane oligomer glue solutions a-j prepared in Examples 22 to 31 of the present invention and the samples prepared in the aforementioned Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

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Abstract

提供了一种光阀及调光玻璃。所述光阀包括设置在第一透明基板上的第一透明电极、设置在第二透明基板上的第二透明电极以及设置在第一透明电极和第二透明电极之间的光控制层；其中：在第一透明电极与所述光控制层之间设置有第一保护层，以及在第二透明电极与所述光控制层之间设置有第二保护层；所述第一保护层和/或第二保护层包括固体改性硅氧烷聚合物，按质量百分比计，包括：固体改性硅氧烷聚合物45～100重量份；抗氧化剂0～3重量份；紫外吸收剂0～3重量份；红外线吸收剂0～3重量份；光稳定剂0～3重量份；热稳定剂0～3重量份；液体添加剂0～40重量份。本发明的方案可以大大提升光阀整体的热稳定性和光稳定性，同时获得更高的层间附着力。

Description

一种光阀及调光玻璃 技术领域
本发明属于光阀技术领域，涉及一种光阀及调光玻璃、改性硅氧烷低聚物在光阀中的应用，尤其涉及一种光阀及调光玻璃、改性硅氧烷低聚物在光阀中的应用。
背景技术
光阀是一种可以调节通过自身光线透过率的装置，也被统称为调光膜，这是一种智能薄膜。传统的调光膜直接将薄膜贴合在玻璃上，再经过电压使得调光薄膜呈现穿透及雾状，实现了人们对玻璃穿透和保护隐私的双重要求，即使不透明时，采光仍很好，这是目前所有窗帘都无法实现的，并且对光的热能具有绝缘反射作用，使得室内冬暖夏凉，环保节能。该产品利用液晶的光学特性，实现了薄膜的光电功能，目前在欧美日等国广泛应用。调光膜进行夹胶处理后形成的组件一般被称为调光玻璃。
为了更好的便于光阀的应用，现有技术会在光控层上下设置树脂保护层，形成多层结构，但是，目前的光阀中的保护层仍然还具有改进的空间，其效果不佳导致光阀在长期热老化测试中会有较多衰减，使得耐候性能和寿命较差。
因而，如何找到一种更为适宜的材料，进一步提高光阀的耐候性能和长期稳定性，从而更好的拓展光阀应用的宽度和深度，已成为本领域诸多研发型企业和具有前瞻性的研究人员亟待解决的问题之一。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种改性硅氧烷低聚物在光阀中的应用、一种光阀的保护层、一种光阀及一种调光玻璃。本发明提供的改性硅氧烷低聚物作为光阀的保护层，能够实现更好的光阀热稳定性，抗辐照性能，更强的层间附着力。
本发明提供了一种光阀，所述光阀包括设置在第一透明基板上的第一透明电极、设置在第二透明基板上的第二透明电极以及设置在第一透明电极和第二透明电极之间的光控制层；
其中：
在第一透明电极与所述光控制层之间设置有第一保护层，以及/或
在第二透明电极与所述光控制层之间设置有第二保护层；
所述第一保护层和/或第二保护层包括固体改性硅氧烷聚合物，按质量百分比计，包括：
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000001
优选的，
所述固体改性硅氧烷聚合物由改性硅氧烷低聚物固化得到；
所述固化方式包括光固化和/或热固化。
优选的，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物具有式(I)所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000002
其中，n和m为聚合度；
R 1各自独立的选自氢、烷基、烷氧基或芳香基；
R 2选自乙烯基、丙烯基、环氧基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
R 3各自独立的选自氢、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、乙烯基、丙烯基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
所述Q-(CH 2) a-中，Q为丙烯酰氧基或甲基丙烯酰氧基，a为正整数，a为2～10。
优选的，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物的侧链R 2和封端R 3中至少其中一个含有可固化基团；
所述可固化基团包括乙烯基、丙烯基、环氧基和Q-(CH 2) a-中的至少一种；
所述Q-(CH 2) a-中，Q为丙烯酰氧基或甲基丙烯酰氧基，a为正整数，a为 2～10。
优选的，所述可固化基团的质量含量为改性硅氧烷低聚物的0.1％～20％。
优选的，所述R 3为非可固化基团时，n＝1～100000，m＝1～10000；
所述R 3为可固化基团时，n＝1～100000，m＝0～10000。
优选的，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物的分子量Mn为1000～100000。
优选的，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物具有链状结构、网状结构和三维立体结构中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述第一保护层或第二保护层形成原料，按质量百分比计，包括：
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000003
优选的，所述抗氧化剂的加入量为0.01～3重量份；
所述抗氧化剂包括环氧大豆油、DTDTP和抗氧化剂535中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述紫外吸收剂的加入量为0.01～3重量份；
所述紫外吸收剂包括UV99、UV326、UV384和UV1130中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述红外线吸收剂的加入量为0.01～3重量份；
所述红外线吸收剂包括纳米氧化铟、纳米氧化钨和纳米氧化锡中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述光稳定剂的加入量为0.01～3重量份；
所述光稳定剂包括光稳定剂UV144、光稳定剂UV249和光稳定剂UV292中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述热稳定剂的加入量为0.01～3重量份；
所述热稳定剂包括月桂酸二丁基锡、异辛亚锡和亚磷酸酯中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述引发剂包括光引发剂；
所述光引发剂包括光引发剂819、光引发剂184、光引发剂1130、光引发剂BDK、光引发剂TPO和光引发剂Irgacure 250中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述引发剂包括热引发剂；
所述热引发剂包括热引发剂BPO、热引发剂TPB和热引发剂AIBN中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述液体添加剂的加入量为0.01～40重量份；
所述液体添加剂包括邻苯二甲酸酯类、偏苯三酸酯类、对苯二甲酸酯类、环氧酯类、丙烯酸树脂和甲基丙烯酸树脂中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述第一保护层和/或第二保护层的厚度为1～10微米。
优选的，所述第一透明电极与第一保护层和/或第二透明电极与第二保护层之间，还包括涂敷在所述第一电极和/或第二电极上的底涂层；
所述底涂层材质包括环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、改性丙烯酸和硅胶中的一种或多种。
优选的，所述光控制层为悬浮粒子调光层、聚合物分散液晶调光层和电致变色调光层中的一种。
优选的，所述第一保护层、光控制层以及第二保护层是通过逐层涂敷或者多层共挤方式形成。
本发明提供了一种调光玻璃，包括第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板；
以及设置在所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板之间的如上述技术方案任意一项所述的光阀。
优选的，所述第一玻璃板和所述光阀之间设置有第一夹胶层，和/或，所述第二玻璃板和所述光阀之间设置有第二夹胶层。
本发明还提供了改性硅氧烷低聚物在光阀中的应用；
所述改性硅氧烷低聚物具有式(I)所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000004
其中，n和m为聚合度；
R 1各自独立的选自氢、烷基、烷氧基或芳香基；
R 2选自乙烯基、丙烯基、环氧基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
R 3各自独立的选自氢、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、乙烯基、丙烯基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
所述Q-(CH 2) a-中，Q为丙烯酰氧基或甲基丙烯酰氧基，a为正整数，a为2～10。
本发明提供了一种光阀。与现有技术相比，本发明针对现有的光阀保护层效果不佳导致光阀在耐候性和长期稳定性等方面存在的问题，本发明设计了一种具体特定结构的改性硅氧烷低聚物，并将其创造性地应用于光阀的保护层材质。
本发明将改性硅氧烷高聚物用于与光控制层相邻的保护层的材料，大大提升光阀整体的热稳定性和光稳定性，同时获得更高的层间附着力，有效解决了现有的光阀在长期热老化测试中衰减较快的问题。
本发明提供的包含改性硅氧烷高聚物的保护层的方案，提高了光阀的产品耐候性、产品寿命和成品率。而且该改性硅氧烷高聚物固化方式简单，所以本发明提供的该光阀保护层，能够简单的通过UV光固化技术或热固化技术实现，同时光阀的制备方式也可以采用逐层涂覆或多层共挤涂覆的方式，均能实现简单稳定的制备，工艺简单，可控性强，更加适合大规模工业化生产和推广应用。
实验结果表明，使用本发明提供的改性硅氧烷聚合物保护层的光阀，剥离力提升1～2N，而且使用多层共挤方案的样品，剥离力更大，粘附效果更好。在辐照性能对比上来说，有显著的提高，辐照性能上的不同主要取决于改性硅氧烷聚合物中添加剂配方。在热老化方面，改性硅氧烷聚合物制作的光阀，有明显提升，主要是硅氧烷体系和光控制层体系相容性较好，同时改性硅氧烷聚合物本身的阻隔性能要远远强于其他材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的光阀的结构示意简图。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明，下面结合实施例对本发明优选实施方案进行描述，但是应当理解，这些描述只是为了进一步说明本发明的特征和优点，而不 是对发明权利要求的限制。
本发明所有原料，对其来源没有特别限制，在市场上购买的或按照本领域技术人员熟知的常规方法制备的即可。
本发明所有原料，对其纯度没有特别限制，本发明优选采用分析纯或改性硅氧烷低聚物制备领域内使用的常规纯度。
本发明提供了改性硅氧烷低聚物在光阀中的应用；
所述改性硅氧烷低聚物具有式(I)所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000005
其中，n和m为聚合度；
R 1各自独立的选自氢、烷基、烷氧基或芳香基；
R 2选自乙烯基、丙烯基、环氧基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
R 3各自独立的选自氢、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、乙烯基、丙烯基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
所述Q-(CH 2) a-中，Q为丙烯酰氧基或甲基丙烯酰氧基，a为正整数，a为2～10。
本发明提供了一种光阀，所述光阀包括设置在第一透明基板上的第一透明电极、设置在第二透明基板上的第二透明电极以及设置在第一透明电极和第二透明电极之间的光控制层；
其中：
在第一透明电极与所述光控制层之间设置有第一保护层，以及/或
在第二透明电极与所述光控制层之间设置有第二保护层；
所述第一保护层和/或第二保护层包括固体改性硅氧烷聚合物，按质量百分比计，包括：
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000007
在本发明中，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物优选为可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物。
在本发明中，所述固化方式优选包括UV光固化和/或热固化，更优选为UV光固化和/或热固化。
在本发明中，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物具有式(I)所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000008
其中，n和m为聚合度；
R 1各自独立的选自氢、烷基、烷氧基或芳香基；
R 2选自乙烯基、丙烯基、环氧基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
R 3各自独立的选自氢、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、乙烯基、丙烯基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
所述Q-(CH 2) a-中，Q为丙烯酰氧基或甲基丙烯酰氧基，a为正整数，a为2～10。
在本发明中，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物的侧链R 2和封端R 3中至少其中一个，优选含有可固化基团。
具体的，在本发明中，所述可固化基团优选包括乙烯基、丙烯基、环氧基和Q-(CH 2) a-中的至少一种，更优选为乙烯基、丙烯基、环氧基或Q-(CH 2) a-。所述Q-(CH 2) a-中，Q为丙烯酰氧基或甲基丙烯酰氧基，a为正整数，a为2～10。
在本发明中，所述可固化基团的质量含量优选为改性硅氧烷低聚物的0.1％～20％，更优选为4％～16％，更优选为8％～12％。
在本发明中，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物的分子量Mn优选为1000～100000，更优选为10000～80000，更优选为20000～60000，更优选为30000～40000。
在本发明中，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物优选具有链状结构、网状结构和三维 立体结构中的一种或多种，更优选为链状结构、网状结构或三维立体结构。
在本发明中，所述R 3为非可固化基团时，优选n＝1～100000，更优选n＝10～80000，更优选n＝100～50000，更优选n＝1000～30000，更优选n＝5000～200001；优选m＝1～10000，更优选m＝10～8000，更优选m＝100～6000，更优选m＝500～5000，更优选m＝1000～3000。
在本发明中，所述R 3为可固化基团时，优选n＝1～100000，更优选n＝10～80000，更优选n＝100～50000，更优选n＝1000～30000，更优选n＝5000～200001；优选m＝0～10000，更优选m＝1～8000，更优选m＝10～6000，更优选m＝50～5000，更优选m＝100～3000，更优选m＝500～2000。
在本发明中，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物固化后优选得到改性硅氧烷高聚物。
在本发明中，所述改性硅氧烷高聚物优选为用于光阀的改性硅氧烷高聚物保护层。
在本发明中，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物的加入量为44～99.99重量份，优选为54～89重量份，更优选为64～79重量份。
在本发明中，所述抗氧化剂的加入量为0～3重量份，优选为0.01～3重量份，更优选为0.1～2重量份，更优选为0.5～1重量份。
在本发明中，所述紫外吸收剂的加入量为0～3重量份，优选为0.01～3重量份，更优选为0.1～2重量份，更优选为0.5～1重量份。
在本发明中，所述红外线吸收剂的加入量为0～3重量份，优选为0.01～3重量份，更优选为0.1～2重量份，更优选为0.5～1重量份。
在本发明中，所述光稳定剂的加入量为0～3重量份，优选为0.01～3重量份，更优选为0.1～2重量份，更优选为0.5～1重量份。
在本发明中，所述热稳定剂的加入量为0～3重量份，优选为0.01～3重量份，更优选为0.1～2重量份，更优选为0.5～1重量份。
在本发明中，所述引发剂的加入量为0.01～1重量份，优选为0.1～0.8重量份，更优选为0.2～0.6重量份，更优选为0.3～0.4重量份。
在本发明中，在本发明中，所述液体添加剂的加入量为0～40重量份，优选为0.01～30重量份，更优选为0.1～20重量份，更优选为1～10重量份。
在本发明中，所述抗氧化剂优选包括环氧大豆油、DTDTP和抗氧化剂535中的一种或多种，更优选为环氧大豆油、DTDTP或抗氧化剂535。
在本发明中，所述紫外吸收剂优选包括UV99、UV326、UV384和UV1130中的一种或多种，更优选为UV99、UV326、UV384或UV1130。
在本发明中，所述红外线吸收剂优选包括纳米氧化铟、纳米氧化钨和纳米氧化锡中的一种或多种，更优选为纳米氧化铟、纳米氧化钨或纳米氧化锡。
在本发明中，所述光稳定剂优选包括光稳定剂UV144、光稳定剂UV249和光稳定剂UV292中的一种或多种，更优选为光稳定剂UV144、光稳定剂UV249或光稳定剂UV292。
在本发明中，所述热稳定剂优选包括月桂酸二丁基锡、异辛亚锡和亚磷酸酯中的一种或多种，更优选为月桂酸二丁基锡、异辛亚锡或亚磷酸酯。
在本发明中，所述引发剂优选包括光引发剂和热引发剂。
在本发明中，所述光引发剂优选包括光引发剂819、光引发剂184、光引发剂1130、光引发剂BDK、光引发剂TPO和光引发剂Irgacure 250中的一种或多种，更优选为光引发剂819、光引发剂184、光引发剂1130、光引发剂BDK、光引发剂TPO或光引发剂Irgacure 250。
在本发明中，所述热引发剂优选包括热引发剂BPO、热引发剂TPB和热引发剂AIBN中的一种或多种，更优选为热引发剂BPO、热引发剂TPB或热引发剂AIBN。
在本发明中，所述液体添加剂优选包括邻苯二甲酸酯类、偏苯三酸酯类、对苯二甲酸酯类、环氧酯类、丙烯酸树脂和甲基丙烯酸树脂中的一种或多种，更优选为邻苯二甲酸酯类、偏苯三酸酯类、对苯二甲酸酯类、环氧酯类、丙烯酸树脂或甲基丙烯酸树脂。
在本发明中，所述保护层原料优选经UV光固化和/或热固化后，得到改性硅氧烷高聚物保护层，更优选经UV光固化或热固化后，得到改性硅氧烷高聚物保护层。
本发明中改性硅氧烷高聚物中还含有抗氧化剂(0.1％～3％)，紫外吸收剂(0.1％～3％)，红外线吸收剂(0.1％～3％)，光稳定剂(0.1％～3％)，热稳定剂(0.1％～3％)等的其中一种或多种，用来提高光阀的抗紫外等性能。
在本发明中，所述第一保护层和/或第二保护层的厚度为1～10微米。所述厚度优选为1～10微米，更优选为3～8微米，更优选为5～6微米。
在本发明中，所述第一透明电极与第一保护层和/或第二透明电极与第二 保护层之间，还包括涂敷在所述第一透明电极和/或第二透明电极上的底涂层。
在本发明中，所述底涂层材质优选包括环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、改性丙烯酸和硅胶中的一种或多种，更优选为环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、改性丙烯酸或硅胶。
在本发明中，所述透明电极优选包括ITO导电层、FZO导电层、IZO导电层、GZO导电层、AZO导电层、PEDOT导电层、纳米Ag线导电层、导电石墨烯和纳米Cu线导电层。
在本发明中，所述透明基板优选包括PET和/或玻璃，更优选为PET或玻璃。
在本发明中，所述光控制层优选为悬浮粒子调光层、聚合物分散液晶调光层和电致变色调光层中的一种或多种，更优选为悬浮粒子调光层、聚合物分散液晶调光层或电致变色调光层。
在本发明中，所述光阀的制备方式优选包括涂覆。
在本发明中，所述涂覆方式优选包括逐层涂覆或多层共挤涂覆。更优选的，所述第一保护层、光控制层以及第二保护层是优选通过多层共挤方式形成。
本发明为完整和细化整体技术方案，更好的保证改性硅氧烷低聚物的性能，提高光阀的保护层的稳定性和附着力，进而提高最终光阀的综合性能，上述改性硅氧烷低聚物具体可以为以下结构：
该可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物，主链为硅氧烷，其侧链或者封端至少其中一个含有可固化基团。
具体的，所述可固化基团的含量为总体的0.1％～20％。
具体的，可固化基团为乙烯基，丙烯基，丙烯酰氧基，甲基丙烯酰氧基，环氧基的基团其中一种或多种，
具体的，可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物的分子量Mn＝1000～100,000。
具体的，可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物可以是链状结构，也可以是网状结构，也可是三维立体结构。更优选的，可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物具有链状结构。
该可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物具有式(I)所示结构：
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000009
其中，R 1为氢、烷基，烷氧基，芳香基其中一种或多种；
R 2含有乙烯基，丙烯基，丙烯酰氧基，甲基丙烯酰氧基，环氧基的基团其中一种或多种；
R 3为氢，羟基，烷基，烷氧基，乙烯基，丙烯，丙烯酰氧基，甲基丙烯酰氧基基中的其中一种或二种。
当R 3为非可固化基团时，n＝1～100000，m＝1～10000；当R 3为可固化基团时，n＝1～100000，m＝0～10000。
本发明提供的光阀，包括光控制层；
复合在所述光控制层上下表面的保护层；
复合在所述保护层上下表面的透明电极及透明基板；
所述保护层为改性硅氧烷高聚物保护层；
所述改性硅氧烷高聚物保护层包括上述技术方案任意一项所述的改性硅氧烷高聚物保护层。
在本发明中，所述保护层的厚度优选为1～10微米，更优选为3～8微米，更优选为5～6微米。
在本发明中，所述透明电极与保护层之间，优选包括复合在所述透明电极上的底涂层。
在本发明中，所述底涂层材质优选包括环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、改性丙烯酸和硅胶中的一种或多种，更优选为环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、改性丙烯酸或硅胶。
在本发明中，所述透明电极优选包括ITO导电层、FZO导电层、IZO导电层、GZO导电层、AZO导电层、PEDOT导电层、纳米Ag线导电层、导电石墨烯和纳米Cu线导电层。
在本发明中，所述透明基板优选包括PET和/或玻璃，更优选为PET或玻璃。
在本发明中，所述光控制层优选为悬浮粒子调光层、聚合物分散液晶调光层和电致变色调光层中的一种或多种，更优选为悬浮粒子调光层、聚合物分散液晶调光层或电致变色调光层。
在本发明中，所述光阀的制备方式优选包括涂覆。
在本发明中，所述涂覆方式优选包括逐层涂覆或多层共挤涂覆。
参见图1，图1为本发明提供的光阀的结构示意简图。其中，11为ITO/PET或ITO/玻璃，12为底涂层(可以含有，可以不含有)，22为保护层，21为光控制层。
具体的，底涂层为：环氧树脂，聚氨酯，聚酰亚胺树脂，聚苯乙烯树脂，丙烯酸树脂，改性丙烯酸，硅胶的其中一种。
具体的，保护层为：改性硅氧烷高聚物。
具体的，其中可以添加以下助剂：
紫外吸收剂：
UV99、UV326、
UV384、
UV1130中的一种或多种。
光稳定剂：
UV144、
UV249、
UV292中的一种或多种。
抗氧化剂：
环氧大豆油、
DTDTP、
535中的一种或多种。
红外线吸收剂：
纳米氧化铟、纳米氧化钨、纳米氧化锡中的一种或多种。
热稳定剂：
桂酸二丁基锡、异辛亚锡、亚磷酸酯中的一种或多种。
本发明提供的保护层使用的改性硅氧烷高聚物，是通过可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物通过UV光固化或者热固化技术实现的。
本发明提供了一种调光玻璃，包含：
第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板；
以及设置在所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板之间的如上述技术方案任意一项所述的光阀。
在本发明中，所述第一玻璃板和所述光阀之间优选设置有第一夹胶层，和/或，所述第二玻璃板和所述光阀之间设置有第二夹胶层，更优选为第一玻璃板和所述光阀之间优选设置有第一夹胶层，和，所述第二玻璃板和所述光阀之间设置有第二夹胶层。
本发明中，所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板的种类没有特殊限制，为本领域技术人员熟知的常规调光玻璃用透明玻璃即可，可以为普通玻璃如无机玻璃、有机玻璃，也可以为功能性玻璃，如UV阻隔玻璃、IR阻隔玻璃、Low-E玻璃、钢化玻璃或抗菌玻璃等。
本发明中，所述第一夹胶层和第二夹胶层的种类没有特殊限制，为本领域技术人员熟知的常规调光玻璃用夹胶层，可以为EVA胶膜、TPU胶膜、PVB胶膜，也可以为功能性胶膜，如UV阻隔EVA胶膜、UV阻隔TPU胶膜、UV阻隔PVB胶膜等。
本发明中，所述制造调光玻璃的方式没有特殊限制，为本领域调光玻璃的常规夹胶方式即可，如在层压机中夹胶、或在高压釜或夹胶箱/炉中夹胶等。
本发明上述步骤提供了一种光阀及调光玻璃、改性硅氧烷低聚物在光阀中的应用。本发明设计的具体特定结构的改性硅氧烷低聚物，并将其应用于光阀的保护层材质。本发明将改性硅氧烷高聚物用于与光控制层相邻的保护层的材料，大大提升光阀整体的热稳定性和光稳定性，同时获得更高的层间附着力，有效解决了现有的光阀在长期热老化测试中衰减较快的问题。
本发明提供的包含改性硅氧烷高聚物的保护层的方案，提高了光阀的产品耐候性、产品寿命和成品率。而且该改性硅氧烷高聚物固化方式简单，所以本发明提供的该光阀保护层，能够简单的通过UV光固化技术或热固化技术实现，同时光阀的制备方式也可以采用逐层涂覆或多层共挤涂覆的方式，均能实现简单稳定的制备，工艺简单，可控性强，更加适合大规模工业化生产和推广 应用。
实验结果表明，使用本发明提供的改性硅氧烷聚合物保护层的光阀，剥离力提升1～2N，而且使用多层共挤方案的样品，剥离力更大，粘附效果更好。在辐照性能对比上来说，有显著的提高，辐照性能上的不同主要取决于改性硅氧烷聚合物中添加剂配方。在热老化方面，改性硅氧烷聚合物制作的光阀，有明显提升，主要是硅氧烷体系和光控制层体系相容性较好，同时改性硅氧烷聚合物本身的阻隔性能要远远强于其他材料。
为了进一步说明本发明，以下结合实施例对本发明提供的一种光阀及调光玻璃、改性硅氧烷低聚物在光阀中的应用进行了详细描述，但是应当理解，这些实施例是在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点，而不是对本发明权利要求的限制，本发明的保护范围也不限于下述的实施例。
术语
在本发明中，所用的下述术语具有如下所定义的含义。
固化：
是指改性硅氧烷低聚物中的侧链和/或封端上的活性基团发生聚合反应。即在热催化或光照催化条件下发生，例如向含改性硅氧烷低聚物的保护层原料中加入光引发剂，以通过UV光照引起聚合反应。
可固化基团：
是指改性硅氧烷低聚物中的侧链和/或封端上可参与聚合反应的活性基团。
固体改性硅氧烷聚合物、改性硅氧烷聚合物、改性硅氧烷高聚物，这三个术语是等同的。可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物、改性硅氧烷低聚物，这二个术语是等同的。
结构1
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000010
结构2为本发明合成的可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A通式。
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000011
其中，a+b＝n，R 2为丙烯酰氧丙基。
结构3为本发明合成的可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物B通式。
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000012
其中，R 2为丙烯酰氧丙基。
实施例15中聚[二甲基硅氧烷-co-(2-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基)甲基硅氧烷]通式为
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000013
其中，R 2为2-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基。
实施例16中聚(二甲基硅氧烷-co-二苯基硅氧烷)，二乙烯基封端通式为：
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000014
其中，a+b＝n，m＝0，R 3为乙烯基。
实施例17中聚(二甲基硅氧烷)，乙烯基封端通式为：
Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-000015
其中，m＝0，R 3为乙烯基。
实施例1
可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A合成方法
向2000毫升三颈瓶中加入500克羟基封端二甲基二苯基聚硅氧烷和1000ml甲苯。三颈瓶一侧接分水器连接冷凝管，中间加入机械搅拌，另一侧放入温度计。瓶中溶液加热至回流持续30分钟，当分水器中出现少量水的时候，添加催化剂辛酸亚锡溶液(1.3克溶于100毫升甲苯)。然后滴加30克水解的丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷和18克水解的环氧丙基三甲基硅氧烷混合物，大约5分钟。缩合反应大约需要5小时，在此之后立刻加入30毫升三甲基甲氧基硅烷作为反应的终止剂。终止反应持续2小时，然后迅速冷却至室温。
将反应液倒入2000ml圆底烧瓶，并在70摄氏度下，10mbar下，旋蒸2h，最终得到可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A，即样品1，产量为530克。
实施例2
可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物B合成方法
向2000毫升三颈瓶中加入520克羟基封端二甲基聚硅氧烷和1000ml甲苯。三颈瓶一侧接分水器连接冷凝管，中间加入机械搅拌，另一侧放入温度计。瓶中溶液加热至回流持续30分钟，当分水器中出现少量水的时候，添加催化剂辛酸亚锡溶液(1.3克溶于100毫升甲苯)。然后滴加30克水解的丙烯酰氧 丙基三甲氧基硅烷和18克水解的环氧丙基三甲基硅氧烷混合物，大约5分钟。缩合反应大约需要5小时，在此之后立刻加入30毫升三甲基甲氧基硅烷作为反应的终止剂。终止反应持续2小时，然后迅速冷却至室温。
将反应液倒入2000ml圆底烧瓶，并在70摄氏度下，10mbar下，旋蒸2h，最终得到可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物B，即样品2，产量为550克。
实施例3
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液1#制备
在500ml圆底烧瓶中加入0.1g UV99，加入光稳定剂0.1g UV144，加入光引发剂819 0.02g加入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 9.78g，加入乙醇100g，充分搅拌均匀30min，放置于旋转蒸发仪，水浴温度60摄氏度，转速60rpm，真空度调节至10mbar一下，旋蒸处理1h，得到含有UV吸收剂UV99的改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液1#。
实施例4
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液2#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的UV99替换成UV326。
实施例5
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液3#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的UV99替换成UV384。
实施例6
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液4#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的UV99替换成UV1130。
实施例7
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液5#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的UV144替换成UV249。
实施例8
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液6#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的UV144替换成UV292。
实施例9
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液7#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的加入0.1g UV99替换成加入0.3g UV99；将加 入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 9.78g替换成加入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 9.58g。
实施例10
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液8#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的加入0.1g UV99替换成加入0.01g UV326；将加入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 9.78g替换成加入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 9.97g。
实施例11
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液9#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的光稳定剂0.1g UV144替换成抗氧化剂0.1g DTDTP。
实施例12
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液10#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的光稳定剂0.1g UV144替换成抗氧化剂0.1g 535。
实施例13
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液11#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的光稳定剂0.1g UV144替换成抗氧化剂0.3g环氧大豆油，将加入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 9.88g替换成加入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 9.68g。
实施例14
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液12#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A替换成可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物B。
实施例15
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液13#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A替换成聚[二甲基硅氧烷-co-(2-(3,4-环氧环己基)乙基)甲基硅氧烷]，将加入光引发剂819替换成加入热光引发剂Irgacure 250。
实施例16
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液14#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A替换成聚(二甲基硅氧烷)，乙烯基封端，将加入光引发剂819替换成加入热引发剂BPO。
实施例17
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液15#制备
同实施例3，只是将其中的可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A替换成聚(二甲基硅氧烷-co-二苯基硅氧烷)，二乙烯基封端，将加入光引发剂819替换成加入热引发剂BPO。
实施例18
逐层涂覆制备光阀样品1-1
将含有底涂层的ITO/PET置于刮涂平台上，通过抽真空将其固定于平台。将实施例3中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液1质量1g均匀倒在平台一侧，设置刮刀厚度为10μm，设置刮刀速度2cm/s，开启机器，刮刀将改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液均匀刮涂至底涂层表面，将样品置于UV灯下固化，固化强度300W/m 2，固化时间5s，得到下侧基材；重复以上步骤得到上侧基材。取下侧基材，在其上用刮涂方式，涂覆光控层胶液，设置刮刀厚度60μm，刮刀速度2cm/s，，将样品置于UV灯下固化，固化强度2000W/m 2，固化时间15s，待固化完全，将上侧基材附于其上，通过辊压复合，制得样品。
根据实施例18方法，只是将实施例3中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液1替代为实施例4至14中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液2至12。即可制得样品1-2至1-12。
实施例19
多层共挤制备光阀样品2-1
将含有底涂层的ITO/PET置于刮涂平台上，通过抽真空将其固定于平台。将实施例3中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液1质量50g加入多层共挤模头加料罐A，将光控层胶液50g加入加料罐B；设置平台移动速度为1.3cm/s；设置加料罐A压力0.4MPa，加料罐B压力0.3MPa待制得液体涂层，将样品另一侧含有底涂层ITO/PET通过辊压轻轻覆盖于液体涂层，将样品置于UV灯下固化，固化强度2000W/m 2，固化时间15s，制得样品。
根据实施例19方法，只是将实施例3中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液1替代为实施例4至14中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液2至12。即可制得样品2-2至2-12。
实施例20
逐层涂覆制备光阀1-13
同实施例18，只是将实施例3中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液1替代为实施例15中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液13，将样品置于UV灯下固化，固化强度300W/m 2，固化时间5s，替换为样品置于60℃烘箱，固化时间5min。
根据实施例20方法，只是将实施例3中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液1替代为实施例16至17中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液14至15。即可制得样品1-14至1-15。
实施例21
多层共挤制备光阀样品2-13
同实施例19，只是将实施例3中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液1替代为实施例15中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液13。将样品置于UV灯下固化，固化强度2000W/m 2，固化时间15s，替换为样品置于60℃烘箱，固化时间5min。
根据实施例21方法，只是将实施例3中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液1替代为实施例16至17中改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液14至15。即可制得样品2-14至2-15。
对比例1
将含有底涂层的ITO/PET置于刮涂平台上，通过抽真空将其固定于平台。将第一保护层材料甲基丙烯酸树脂1g均匀倒在平台一侧，设置刮刀厚度为5μm，设置刮刀速度2cm/s，开启机器，刮刀将粘性保护层原料甲基丙烯酸树脂均匀刮涂至基材表面，置于UV灯下固化，固化强度300W/m 2，固化时间5s；再将第二保护层材料丙烯酸酯1g均匀倒在平台一侧，设置刮刀厚度为10μm，设置刮刀速度2cm/s，开启机器，刮刀将丙烯酸酯均匀刮涂至第一保护层表面，将样品置于UV灯下固化，固化强度300W/m 2，固化时间5s，得到下侧基材；重复以上步骤得到上侧基材。取下侧基材，在其上用刮涂方式，涂覆光控层胶液，设置刮刀厚度60μm，刮刀速度2cm/s，将样品置于UV灯下固化，固化强度2000W/m 2，固化时间15s，待固化完全，将上侧基材附于其上，通过辊压复合，制得对比例1。
对比例2
同对比例1，只是将第二保护层材料丙烯酸酯替换为环氧树脂。
光阀样品剥离力测量
使用剥离强度测试仪，其中可移动夹子夹住实施例或者对比例样品的上侧 ITO/PET透明电极，固定夹子夹住下侧的透明电极ITO/PET，运行机器，可得到可移动夹子在预设速度下，剥开样品所需要的力。测试样品宽度10cm，所以单位为N/10cm。
夹层玻璃样品辐照老化测量
以上实施例，对比例的光阀样品经过夹胶制作夹层玻璃样品，使用中压汞灯辐照老化仪进行老化测试，记录样品色差ΔE＞5％所需要的时间。
夹层玻璃样品热老化测量
以上实施例，对比例的光阀样品经过夹胶制作夹层玻璃样品，使用100℃烘箱进行老化测试，记录样品1000h数据。
参见表1，表1为本发明实施例和对比例制备的样品的性能数据。
表1
样品 剥离力N/10cm 汞灯老化时间(h) 初始性能 热老化1000h性能
对比例1 3.7 168 1.1-60.2 2.5-45.5
对比例2 3.0 168 1.2-60.9 2.6-45.7
1-1 5.1 336 1.0-60.9 2.0-59.8
1-2 5.0 336 1.0-59.9 1.9-58.8
1-3 5.1 336 1.1-60.7 2.1-58.9
1-4 5.1 312 1.1-61.2 2.1-60.2
1-5 5.2 312 1.1-60.8 2.1-60.1
1-6 4.9 312 1.1-60.6 2.1-59.9
1-7 4.9 432 0.9-61.6 1.7-60.1
1-8 4.9 240 1.1-61.2 2.0-60.5
1-9 5.2 288 1.0-62.0 1.9-59.6
1-10 5.0 288 1.1-62.2 2.2-61.5
1-11 5.0 264 1.1-61.1 2.1-60.3
1-12 5.0 264 1.1-61.5 2.1-60.0
1-13 5.1 336 1.0-61.4 2.1-60.1
1-14 4.7 336 1.0-62.1 2.1-59.8
1-15 4.6 336 1.0-60.3 1.9-58.8
2-1 5.4 336 1.0-61.9 1.9-60.6
2-2 5.3 336 1.0-62.1 1.9-60.2
2-3 5.3 336 1.0-59.9 1.7-60.2
2-4 5.5 312 1.0-59.9 1.7-60.3
2-5 5.7 312 1.1-60.1 1.9-58.6
2-6 5.4 312 1.1-60.0 1.9-58.5
2-7 5.5 432 1.1-62.1 2.0-60.0
2-8 5.5 240 1.1-62.9 1.9-60.3
2-9 5.7 288 1.1-61.6 1.9-60.2
2-10 5.6 288 1.0-60.1 1.8-60.1
2-11 5.7 264 1.0-61.4 1.8-60.3
2-12 5.5 264 0.9-60.0 1.7-58.9
2-13 5.2 336 1.1-61.2 2.0-59.6
2-14 5.1 336 1.2-62.1 2.2-60.5
2-15 5.1 336 1.1-62.2 2.1-60.8
从表1中数据可以知道，使用改性硅氧烷聚合物保护层的光阀样品，剥离力会有1-2N的提升，其中使用多层共挤方案的，剥离力更大，粘附效果更好。在辐照性能对比上来说，和对比例相比，有显著的提高，辐照性能上的不同主要取决于改性硅氧烷中添加剂配方。在热老化方面，改性硅氧烷聚合物制作的光阀，和对比例相比有明显提升，主要是硅氧烷体系和光控制层体系相容性较好，同时改性硅氧烷聚合物本身的阻隔性能要远远强于其他材料。
液体添加剂实施例
液体添加剂包括邻苯二甲酸酯类，偏苯三酸酯类，对苯二甲酸酯类，环氧酯类，甲基丙烯酸树脂中的一种或多种。
实施例中可用邻苯二甲酸辛酯，邻苯二甲酸异癸酯，邻苯二甲酸丁酯，对苯二甲酸辛酯，偏苯三酸三辛酯，偏苯三酸三异癸酯，聚甲基丙烯酸月桂酯，聚甲基丙烯酸己酯。
实施例22
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液a制备
在500ml圆底烧瓶中加入液体添加剂邻苯二甲酸辛酯2g，加入光引发剂819 0.02g，加入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 7.98g，加入乙醇100g，充分搅拌均匀30min，放置于旋转蒸发仪，水浴温度60摄氏度，转速60rpm，真空度调节至10mbar一下，旋蒸处理1h，得到含有UV吸收剂UV99的改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液a。
实施例23
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液b制备
同实施例22，只是将其中的邻苯二甲酸辛酯替换成邻苯二甲酸异癸酯。
实施例24
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液c制备
同实施例22，只是将其中的邻苯二甲酸辛酯替换成邻苯二甲酸丁酯。
实施例25
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液d制备
同实施例22，只是将其中的邻苯二甲酸辛酯替换成对苯二甲酸辛酯。
实施例26
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液e制备
同实施例22，只是将其中的邻苯二甲酸辛酯替换成偏苯三酸三辛酯。
实施例27
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液f制备
同实施例22，只是将其中的邻苯二甲酸辛酯替换成偏苯三酸三异癸酯。
实施例28
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液g制备
同实施例22，只是将其中的邻苯二甲酸辛酯替换成聚甲基丙烯酸月桂酯。
实施例29
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液h制备
同实施例22，只是将其中的邻苯二甲酸辛酯替换成聚甲基丙烯酸己酯。
实施例30
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液i制备
同实施例22，只是将其中的邻苯二甲酸辛酯2g替换成加入邻苯二甲酸辛酯3g，将加入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 7.88g替换成加入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 6.98g。
实施例31
改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液j制备
在500ml圆底烧瓶中加入光引发剂819 0.02g，加入可固化改性硅氧烷低聚物A 9.98g，加入乙醇100g，充分搅拌均匀30min，放置于旋转蒸发仪，水浴温度60摄氏度，转速60rpm，真空度调节至10mbar一下，旋蒸处理1h，得到改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液j。
将本发明实施例22～31制备的改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液a-j制备光阀，具体方法同实施例18和实施例19。其中，1-*为逐层涂覆，2-*为多层共挤。
参见表2，表2为本发明实施例22～31制备的改性硅氧烷低聚物胶液a-j制备的样品与前述对比例1和2制备的样品的性能数据。
表2
样品 剥离力N/10cm 汞灯老化时间(h)   热老化1000h性能
对比例1 3.7 168 1.1-60.2 2.5-45.5
对比例2 3.0 168 1.2-60.9 2.6-45.7
1-a 4.8 216 1.0-61.1 2.0-61.1
1-b 4.9 216 1.1-60.9 2.1-61.2
1-c 4.8 240 1.1-60.2 2.2-60.9
1-d 4.8 240 1.1-60.1 2.2-61.1
1-e 4.9 216 1.1-60.3 2.1-61.5
1-f 4.9 240 1.1-60.6 2.2-60.5
1-g 4.8 216 1.1-60.2 2.2-61.2
1-h 4.9 240 1.0-60.2 2.2-61.5
1-i 4.9 240 1.2-62.0 2.3-62.6
1-j 5.3 216 1.2-62.2 2.2-62.5
2-a 5.2 216 0.9-61.1 1.8-61.7
2-b 5.2 216 0.9-61.1 1.8-61.3
2-c 5.3 240 0.9-60.1 1.7-60.6
2-d 5.2 240 1.0-59.6 1.9-61.5
2-e 5.3 216 1.0-60.1 1.9-62.1
2-f 5.3 240 0.9-59.9 1.9-59.8
2-g 5.2 216 0.9-60.1 1.8-61.2
2-h 5.2 240 0.9-60.4 1.8-60.9
2-i 5.3 240 0.9-59.7 1.8-60.4
2-j 5.7 216 1.2-62.1 2.2-63.1
从表2中数据可以知道，使用含有液体添加剂的改性硅氧烷聚合物保护层的样品和表1中样品在剥离力方面结论一致，相对于对比样都有明显提升。在辐照性能和热老化性能方面，和对比例相比，都有有显著的提高。
以上对本发明提供的一种光阀及调光玻璃、改性硅氧烷低聚物在光阀中的应用进行了详细的介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想，包括最佳方式，并且也使得本领域的任何技术人员都能够实践本发明，包括制造和使用任何装置或系统，和实施任何结合的方法。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。本发明专利保护的范围通过权利要求来限定，并可包括本领域技术人员能够想到的其他实施例。如果这些其他实施例具有不是不同于权利要求文字表述的结构要素，或者如果它们包括与权利要求的文字表述无实质差异的等同结构要素，那么这些其他实施例也应包含在权利要求的范围内。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种光阀，其特征在于，所述光阀包括设置在第一透明基板上的第一透明电极、设置在第二透明基板上的第二透明电极以及设置在第一透明电极和第二透明电极之间的光控制层；
    其中：
    在第一透明电极与所述光控制层之间设置有第一保护层，以及/或
    在第二透明电极与所述光控制层之间设置有第二保护层；
    所述第一保护层和/或第二保护层包括固体改性硅氧烷聚合物，按质量百分比计，包括：
    Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述固体改性硅氧烷聚合物由改性硅氧烷低聚物固化得到；
    所述固化方式包括光固化和/或热固化。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物具有式(I)所示结构：
    Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-100002
    其中，n和m为聚合度；
    R 1各自独立的选自氢、烷基、烷氧基或芳香基；
    R 2选自乙烯基、丙烯基、环氧基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
    R 3各自独立的选自氢、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、乙烯基、丙烯基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
    所述Q-(CH 2) a-中，Q为丙烯酰氧基或甲基丙烯酰氧基，a为正整数，a为2～10。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物的侧链R 2和封端R 3中至少其中一个含有可固化基团；
    所述可固化基团包括乙烯基、丙烯基、环氧基和Q-(CH 2) a-中的至少一种；
    所述Q-(CH 2) a-中，Q为丙烯酰氧基或甲基丙烯酰氧基，a为正整数，a为2～10。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述可固化基团的质量含量为改性硅氧烷低聚物的0.1％～20％。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述R 3为非可固化基团时，n＝1～100000，m＝1～10000；
    所述R 3为可固化基团时，n＝1～100000，m＝0～10000。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物的分子量Mn为1000～100000。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述改性硅氧烷低聚物具有链状结构、网状结构和三维立体结构中的一种或多种。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述第一保护层或第二保护层形成原料，按质量百分比计，包括：
    Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-100003
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述抗氧化剂的加入量为0.01～3重量份；
    所述抗氧化剂包括环氧大豆油、DTDTP和抗氧化剂535中的一种或多种。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述紫外吸收剂的加入量为0.01～3重量份；
    所述紫外吸收剂包括UV99、UV326、UV384和UV1130中的一种或多种。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述红外线吸收剂的加入量为0.01～3重量份；
    所述红外线吸收剂包括纳米氧化铟、纳米氧化钨和纳米氧化锡中的一种或多种。
  13. 根据权利要求9所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述光稳定剂的加入量为0.01～3重量份；
    所述光稳定剂包括光稳定剂UV144、光稳定剂UV249和光稳定剂UV292中的一种或多种。
  14. 根据权利要求9所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述热稳定剂的加入量为0.01～3重量份；
    所述热稳定剂包括月桂酸二丁基锡、异辛亚锡和亚磷酸酯中的一种或多种。
  15. 根据权利要求9所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述引发剂包括光引发剂；
    所述光引发剂包括光引发剂819、光引发剂184、光引发剂1130、光引发剂BDK、光引发剂TPO和光引发剂Irgacure 250中的一种或多种。
  16. 根据权利要求9所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述引发剂包括热引发剂；
    所述热引发剂包括热引发剂BPO、热引发剂TPB和热引发剂AIBN中的一种或多种。
  17. 根据权利要求9所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述液体添加剂的加入量为0.01～40重量份；
    所述液体添加剂包括邻苯二甲酸酯类、偏苯三酸酯类、对苯二甲酸酯类、环氧酯类、丙烯酸树脂和甲基丙烯酸树脂中的一种或多种。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述第一保护层和/或第二保护层的厚度为1～10微米。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述第一透明电极与第一保护层和/或第二透明电极与第二保护层之间，还包括涂敷在所述第一电极和/ 或第二电极上的底涂层；
    所述底涂层材质包括环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、丙烯酸树脂、改性丙烯酸和硅胶中的一种或多种。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述光控制层为悬浮粒子调光层、聚合物分散液晶调光层和电致变色调光层中的一种。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的光阀，其特征在于，所述第一保护层、光控制层以及第二保护层是通过逐层涂敷或者多层共挤方式形成。
  22. 一种调光玻璃，其特征在于，包括第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板；
    以及设置在所述第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板之间的如权利要求1～21任意一项所述的光阀。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的调光玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一玻璃板和所述光阀之间设置有第一夹胶层，和/或，所述第二玻璃板和所述光阀之间设置有第二夹胶层。
  24. 改性硅氧烷低聚物在光阀中的应用；
    所述改性硅氧烷低聚物具有式(I)所示结构：
    Figure PCTCN2022086741-appb-100004
    其中，n和m为聚合度；
    R 1各自独立的选自氢、烷基、烷氧基或芳香基；
    R 2选自乙烯基、丙烯基、环氧基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
    R 3各自独立的选自氢、羟基、烷基、烷氧基、乙烯基、丙烯基或Q-(CH 2) a-；
    所述Q-(CH 2) a-中，Q为丙烯酰氧基或甲基丙烯酰氧基，a为正整数，a为2～10。
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