WO2023199915A1 - 調光装置 - Google Patents
調光装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023199915A1 WO2023199915A1 PCT/JP2023/014699 JP2023014699W WO2023199915A1 WO 2023199915 A1 WO2023199915 A1 WO 2023199915A1 JP 2023014699 W JP2023014699 W JP 2023014699W WO 2023199915 A1 WO2023199915 A1 WO 2023199915A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light control
- liquid crystal
- absorbance
- control device
- light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
- G02F1/13347—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals working in reverse mode, i.e. clear in the off-state and scattering in the on-state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/13439—Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13475—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer is doped with a pleochroic dye, e.g. GH-LC cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
- G02F1/13476—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which at least one liquid crystal cell or layer assumes a scattering state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/04—Materials and properties dye
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a light control device that reversibly changes between a transparent state and an opaque state.
- a normal type light control sheet includes a light control layer containing a liquid crystal compound.
- a drive signal input to the light control sheet forms an electric field in the light control layer so that the long axis directions of the liquid crystal compounds are aligned.
- the normal light control sheet reversibly changes from transparent when driven to opaque when not driven.
- the reverse type light control sheet includes a light control layer containing a liquid crystal compound and an alignment layer that applies an alignment regulating force to the liquid crystal compound.
- An example of the alignment regulating force is regulating the alignment of the liquid crystal compound such that the long axis direction of the liquid crystal compound is substantially perpendicular to the plane direction of the alignment layer when the light control sheet is not driven.
- a drive signal input to the light control sheet forms an electric field that resists the alignment regulating force so that the long axis direction of the liquid crystal compound is substantially parallel to the plane direction of the alignment layer.
- the reverse type light control sheet reversibly changes from transparent when not driven to opaque when driven (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a light control sheet including a transparent polymer layer and granules of a liquid crystal composition scattered within the transparent polymer layer achieves opacity through scattering due to the difference in refractive index between the transparent polymer layer and the granules. .
- a dichroic dye By adding a dichroic dye into the granules, the particles are colorless and transparent when not driven, while being opaque and colored when driven.
- a light control device for solving the above problem includes two light control sheets that reversibly change between a transparent state and an opaque state, one of the light control sheets being stacked on the other light control sheet, and a light control device having a state in which each light control sheet is opaque at the same time, wherein the light control sheet contains a transparent polymer layer having a void, a liquid crystal compound, and a dichroic dye, and the light control sheet contains a transparent polymer layer having a void, a liquid crystal compound, and a dichroic dye; a liquid crystal composition that fills the opaque state of the light control sheet, and an absorbance difference, which is a value obtained by subtracting the average absorbance of the liquid crystal composition from the absorbance of the light control sheet in the opaque state, is 0.4 or more, and the average absorbance is It is an average value of the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition is horizontally aligned and the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition is vertically aligned, and the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition is horizontally aligned is the
- a light control device for solving the above problem includes two light control sheets that reversibly change between a transparent state and an opaque state, one of the light control sheets being stacked on the other light control sheet, and a light control device having a state in which each light control sheet is opaque at the same time, wherein the light control sheet contains a transparent polymer layer having a void, a liquid crystal compound, and a dichroic dye, and the light control sheet contains a transparent polymer layer having a void, a liquid crystal compound, and a dichroic dye; a liquid crystal composition that fills the opaque state of the light control sheet, and an absorbance difference, which is a value obtained by subtracting the horizontal absorbance of the liquid crystal composition from the absorbance of the light control sheet in the opaque state, is 0.1 or more, and the horizontal absorbance is This is the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition is horizontally aligned, and the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition is horizontally aligned is the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye
- a light control device for solving the above problems includes a light control sheet that reversibly changes between a transparent state and an opaque state, and the light control sheet has a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye. and a transparent polymer layer having voids, the voids being filled with the liquid crystal composition, and reversibly changing from transparent to opaque by changing the orientation of the liquid crystal compound, the light control device comprising:
- the absorbance difference which is the value obtained by subtracting the average absorbance of the liquid crystal composition from the absorbance when the light control device is opaque, is 0.8 or more, and the average absorbance is equal to the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition is horizontally aligned and the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition is oriented horizontally.
- the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition is vertically aligned is the average value when the liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye is 6 ⁇ m thick for horizontal alignment. This is the absorbance obtained by placing the liquid crystal composition in a cell with a thickness of 6 ⁇ m for vertical alignment. This is the absorbance obtained by
- the light control device of the present disclosure can improve contrast.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the layered structure of a first example of a light control device.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the layered structure of a second example of a light control device.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the layer structure of the light control sheet.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the layer structure of the light control sheet.
- FIG. 5 is a table showing the optical properties of the light control sheet of the test example.
- FIG. 6 is a table showing the optical properties of the light control sheet of the test example.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between parallel line transmittance and contrast.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between total light transmittance and contrast.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the layered structure of a first example of a light control device.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the layered structure of a second example of a light control device.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between diffuse transmittance and contrast.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between haze and contrast.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between clarity and contrast.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between haze, clarity, and contrast.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between various types of haze and contrast.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between various absorbance differences and contrast.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between absorbance difference and contrast.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between various types of transmittance and contrast.
- the light control sheet that constitutes the light control device 10 may be attached to a window of a moving object such as a vehicle or an aircraft.
- the light control sheet may be attached to windows of various buildings such as houses, stations, and airports, partitions installed in offices, show windows installed in stores, and screens for projecting images.
- the shape of the light control sheet may be planar or curved.
- the light control sheet reversibly changes from transparent to opaque.
- the type of light control sheet may be a normal type that changes from opaque to transparent depending on the input of a drive signal, or a reverse type that changes from transparent to opaque depending on the input of a drive signal.
- the light control device 10 includes one or more light control sheets.
- the light control sheet provided in the light control device 10 may be a single-layer body composed of one light control sheet, or may be a laminate in which one light control sheet overlaps another light control sheet.
- the light control device 10 of the first example includes one light control section 11 and one drive section 12.
- the light control unit 11 includes one reverse type light control sheet.
- One light control sheet includes a light control layer 21, a first alignment layer 22, a second alignment layer 23, a first transparent electrode layer 24, and a second transparent electrode layer 25.
- the first alignment layer 22 and the second alignment layer 23 sandwich the light control layer 21 therebetween.
- the light control layer 21 is located between the first alignment layer 22 and the second alignment layer 23.
- the light control layer 21 is in contact with the first alignment layer 22 and the second alignment layer 23 .
- the first transparent electrode layer 24 and the second transparent electrode layer 25 sandwich a pair of alignment layers 22 and 23 therebetween.
- the light control layer 21 is located between the first transparent electrode layer 24 and the second transparent electrode layer 25.
- the first transparent electrode layer 24 is in contact with the first alignment layer 22 .
- the second transparent electrode layer 25 is in contact with the second alignment layer 23 .
- the light control sheet includes a first transparent base material 26 that supports the first transparent electrode layer 24 and a second transparent base material 27 that supports the second transparent electrode layer 25.
- the light control device 10 includes a first electrode 24A attached to a part of the first transparent electrode layer 24 and a second electrode 25A attached to a part of the second transparent electrode layer 25.
- the light control device 10 includes a first wiring 24B connected to a first electrode 24A and a second wiring 25B connected to a second electrode 25A.
- the first electrode 24A is connected to the drive unit 12 by a first wiring 24B.
- the second electrode 25A is connected to the drive unit 12 by a second wiring 25B.
- the light control device 10 includes one light control unit 11UN.
- the light control unit 11UN is a repeating unit in the thickness direction of the light control sheet.
- the light control device 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes one light control unit 11UN.
- the light control unit 11UN includes a light control layer 21, a first alignment layer 22, a second alignment layer 23, a first transparent electrode layer 24, and a second transparent electrode layer 25.
- One light control unit 11UN includes one light control sheet, a first electrode 24A, a first wiring 24B, a second electrode 25A, and a second wiring 25B.
- the light control unit 11UN may include other functional layers such as a hard coat layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer, and an infrared absorbing layer.
- the light control device 10 of the second example includes one light control section 11 and two drive sections 12.
- the light control unit 11 includes two reverse type light control sheets.
- One light control sheet includes a light control layer 21, a first alignment layer 22, a second alignment layer 23, a first transparent electrode layer 24, and a second transparent electrode layer 25.
- the first alignment layer 22 and the second alignment layer 23 sandwich the light control layer 21 therebetween.
- the light control layer 21 is located between the first alignment layer 22 and the second alignment layer 23.
- the light control layer 21 is in contact with the first alignment layer 22 and the second alignment layer 23 .
- the first transparent electrode layer 24 and the second transparent electrode layer 25 sandwich a pair of alignment layers 22 and 23 therebetween.
- the light control layer 21 is located between the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25.
- the first transparent electrode layer 24 is in contact with the first alignment layer 22 .
- the second transparent electrode layer 25 is in contact with the second alignment layer 23 .
- the light control sheet includes a first transparent base material 26 that supports a first transparent electrode layer 24.
- the light control sheet includes a second transparent base material 27 that supports a second transparent electrode layer 25.
- the light control device 10 includes a first electrode 24A attached to a part of the first transparent electrode layer 24 and a second electrode 25A attached to a part of the second transparent electrode layer 25.
- the light control device 10 includes a first wiring 24B connected to a first electrode 24A and a second wiring 25B connected to a second electrode 25A.
- the first electrode 24A is connected to the drive unit 12 by a first wiring 24B.
- the second electrode 25A is connected to the drive unit 12 by a second wiring 25B.
- the light control device 10 includes two light control units 11UN.
- the two light control units 11UN include a first light control unit 11UN1 and a second light control unit 11UN2.
- the first light control unit 11UN1 has a similar structure to the second light control unit 11UN2.
- the second transparent base material 27 of the second light control unit 11UN2 overlaps the first transparent base material 26 of the first light control unit 11UN1.
- the second transparent base material 27 of the second light control unit 11UN2 is adhered to the first transparent base material 26 of the first light control unit 11UN1 via an optical transparent adhesive.
- the light control device 10 composed of a plurality of light control units 11UN has a shorter optical path length of the light entering the light control device 10 than the light control device 10 composed of one light control unit 11UN. Lengthen.
- One drive unit 12 inputs a drive signal to the first dimming unit 11UN1.
- the other drive unit 12 inputs a drive signal to the second dimming unit 11UN2.
- the two drive units 12 simultaneously make the first light control unit 11UN1 and the second light control unit 11UN2 opaque.
- the two drive units 12 simultaneously make the first light control unit 11UN1 and the second light control unit 11UN2 transparent.
- the first light control unit 11UN1 and the second light control unit 11UN2 may be made opaque separately.
- the first light control unit 11UN1 and the second light control unit 11UN2 may be made transparent separately.
- the light control device 10 of the second example may include one drive section 12.
- One drive unit 12 inputs a drive signal to the first light control unit 11UN1 and inputs a drive signal to the second light control unit 11UN2.
- One drive unit 12 simultaneously makes the first light control unit 11UN1 and the second light control unit 11UN2 opaque.
- One drive unit 12 makes the first light control unit 11UN1 and the second light control unit 11UN2 transparent at the same time.
- One drive unit 12 may have the first light control unit 11UN1 and the second light control unit 11UN2 separately opaque. In one drive unit 12, the first light control unit 11UN1 and the second light control unit 11UN2 may be separately transparent.
- the light control layer 21 includes a transparent polymer layer 21P and a liquid crystal composition 21LC.
- the transparent polymer layer 21P has a light transmittance that allows visible light to pass therethrough.
- the transparent polymer layer 21P includes many voids 21D.
- the transparent polymer layer 21P is a cured product of a polymerizable composition.
- the transparent polymer layer 21P may be a cured product of a photocurable compound or a cured product of a thermosetting compound.
- the liquid crystal composition 21LC fills the inside of the void 21D.
- An example of the photocurable compound forming the transparent polymer layer 21P may be at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylate compounds, methacrylate compounds, styrene compounds, thiol compounds, oligomers of these compounds, and polymers of these compounds. .
- the acrylate compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of monoacrylate compounds, diacrylate compounds, triacrylate compounds, and tetraacrylate compounds.
- the acrylate compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of butylethyl acrylate, ethylhexyl acrylate, and cyclohexyl acrylate.
- the methacrylate compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of dimethacrylate compounds, trimethacrylate compounds, and tetramethacrylate compounds.
- the methacrylate compound may be at least one selected from the group consisting of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, phenoxyethyl methacrylate, methoxyethyl methacrylate, and tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate.
- the thiol compound may be 1,3-propanedithiol or 1,6-hexanedithiol.
- the styrene compound may be styrene or methylstyrene.
- Liquid crystal composition 21LC includes a liquid crystal compound LCM and a dichroic dye DP.
- the liquid crystal composition 21LC contains a polymerizable composition for forming the transparent polymer layer 21P, a plasticizer that reduces the viscosity of the liquid crystal composition 21LC, and the like. It's okay.
- the ratio of the mass of the liquid crystal composition 21LC to the total mass of the light control layer 21 may be 30% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, or 40% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less.
- Liquid crystal composition 21LC may further contain a reactive mesogen compound. When the liquid crystal compound LCM is vertically aligned, the reactive mesogenic compound is also vertically aligned.
- the vertical alignment of the liquid crystal compound LCM is promoted by forming a network of vertically aligned reactive mesogen compounds. That is, the alignment regulating force of the networked reactive mesogen compound promotes vertical alignment of the liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the type of light control layer 21 is a polymer dispersion type.
- the polymer-dispersed light control layer 21 includes a transparent polymer layer 21P that defines a large number of voids 21D.
- the liquid crystal composition 21LC is held in the voids 21D dispersed in the transparent polymer layer 21P.
- the polymer dispersion type light control layer 21 may be a polymer network type light control layer 21 or a capsule type light control layer 21.
- the polymer network type light control layer 21 includes a transparent polymer layer 21P having a three-dimensional network shape, and holds a liquid crystal composition 21LC in the voids 21D of the interconnected network.
- the capsule-shaped light control layer 21 holds the liquid crystal composition 21LC in capsule-shaped voids 21D dispersed in the transparent polymer layer 21P.
- the liquid crystal compound LCM is a group consisting of Schiff base type, azo type, azoxy type, biphenyl type, terphenyl type, benzoic acid ester type, tolan type, pyrimidine type, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ester type, phenylcyclohexane type, and dioxane type. At least one selected from the following may also be used.
- the NI point of the liquid crystal compound LCM is the temperature at which the liquid crystal compound LCM undergoes a phase transition from a nematic phase (N phase) to an isotropic liquid phase (I phase).
- the NI point of the liquid crystal compound LCM indicates the degree to which the anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound LCM disappears at ambient temperature.
- the NI point of the liquid crystal compound LCM reflects in no small part the degree of intermolecular interaction in the liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the NI point of the liquid crystal compound LCM is a weighted average value of the NI points of each compound weighted by the blending ratio of each compound.
- the NI point of the liquid crystal compound LCM can rise or fall depending on the composition of two or more types of liquid crystal compounds LCM having mutually different NI points.
- the NI point is 100°C or higher.
- the NI point is 145° C. or lower.
- the CN point of the liquid crystal compound LCM is the temperature at which the liquid crystal compound LCM undergoes a phase transition from the crystal phase (C phase) to the nematic phase (N phase).
- the CN point of the liquid crystal compound LCM indicates the degree to which the fluidity of the liquid crystal compound LCM disappears at ambient temperature.
- the CN point of the liquid crystal compound LCM is lower than the weighted average value of the CN points of each compound weighted by the blending ratio of each compound.
- the CN point of the liquid crystal compound LCM can be raised or lowered depending on the composition of two or more compounds having mutually different NI points.
- the CN point is preferably 25°C or lower, more preferably 0°C or lower.
- the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the liquid crystal compound LCM is the difference in refractive index for visible light having a wavelength of 650 nm, and indicates the difference in the degree of scattering of visible light between when the drive signal is supplied and when the drive signal is stopped.
- the upper limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the liquid crystal compound LCM is the upper limit obtained from the refractive index differences ⁇ n of all the compounds.
- the lower limit value of the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the liquid crystal compound LCM is the lower limit value obtained from the refractive index difference ⁇ n of all compounds.
- the lower limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n is high.
- the lower limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n is high.
- the lower limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the liquid crystal compound LCM is preferably 0.05, and preferably 0.1. It is more preferable that there be.
- the lower limit of the refractive index difference ⁇ n of the liquid crystal compound LCM is preferably 0.05, more preferably 0.1.
- the dichroic dye DP increases the absorbance of visible light in the long axis direction of the molecule than the absorbance of visible light in the short axis direction of the molecule.
- the dichroic dye DP is driven by a guest-host type using a liquid crystal compound LCM as a host.
- the dichroic dye DP reversibly changes from transparent to colored in accordance with the change in orientation of the liquid crystal compound LCM.
- Liquid crystal composition 21LC contains one type of dichroic dye DP or a combination of two or more types of dichroic dye DP.
- the combination of dichroic dyes DP is appropriately adjusted so that the color exhibited by the combination of dichroic dyes DP is the color exhibited when the light control sheet is opaque.
- the color that the light control sheet exhibits when it is opaque may be black or may be black with a chromatic color.
- An example of a dichroic dye DP is that the chromaticity a* of the CIE1976 (L*a*b*) color system in an opaque light control sheet is -15 or more and 15 or less, and the chromaticity b* is -15 or more and 15 or less. Make it.
- Chromaticity a* and chromaticity b* in the CIE1976 (L*a*b*) color system are CIE1976 (L*a*b*) defined in JIS-Z-8781-4 (ISO 11664-4). ) Specified in accordance with the method for calculating color coordinates in the color space.
- the ratio of the mass of the dichroic dye DP to the total mass of the light control layer 21 is the blending ratio of the dichroic dye DP.
- the blending ratio of the dichroic dye DP may be 0.2% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less, 1% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less, or 2% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less.
- Increasing the blending ratio of the dichroic dye DP increases the contrast of the light control device 10, but reduces the responsiveness of the liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the blending ratio of the dichroic dye DP is preferably at the upper limit within the range in which the responsiveness of the liquid crystal compound LCM can be obtained.
- the dichroic dye DP is driven by a guest-host type using a liquid crystal compound LCM as a host, thereby exhibiting a specific color.
- the dichroic dye DP may be at least one selected from the group consisting of polyiodine, an azo compound, an anthraquinone compound, a naphthoquinone compound, an azomethine compound, a tetrazine compound, a quinophthalone compound, a merocyanine compound, a perylene compound, and a dioxazine compound.
- Dichroic dye DP is one type of compound or a combination of two or more types of compounds. When it is required to increase light resistance and dichroic ratio, the dichroic dye DP is at least one selected from the group consisting of an azo compound and an anthraquinone compound, and more preferably an azo compound. It is.
- the light control layer 21 may contain a spacer.
- the spacers are dispersed throughout the light control layer 21.
- the spacer sets the thickness of the light control layer 21 to the thickness of the light control layer 21 around the spacer, and makes the thickness of the light control layer 21 uniform.
- the spacer may be a bead spacer or a photospacer formed by exposing and developing a photoresist.
- the spacer may be colorless and transparent or colored and transparent. If it is required to reduce the visibility of the spacer when the light control sheet is opaque, or to reduce the brightness of the color that appears when the light control sheet is opaque, the color of the spacer should be the same color as the color that appears when the light control sheet is opaque. Alternatively, it may be the same color as the dichroic dye DP.
- the thickness of the light control layer 21 may be 2 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, or 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less. When it is required to strengthen the effect of the alignment regulating force on the liquid crystal compound LCM, the thickness of the light control layer 21 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less. When the transparent polymer layer 21P is formed by phase separation, the thickness of the light control layer 21 of 5 ⁇ m or more allows uneven distribution of voids 21D with a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less. Furthermore, it is possible to create regions in the light control layer 21 in which the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC differs in the thickness direction of the light control layer 21.
- the thickness of the light control layer 21 is 25 ⁇ m or less, when the coating liquid containing the liquid crystal compound LCM and the polymerizable composition is exposed to light during the production of the light control layer 21, the liquid crystal compound LCM and the transparent polymer Appropriate phase separation with layer 21P is possible.
- the first alignment layer 22 applies an alignment regulating force to the liquid crystal compound LCM from the surface of the light control layer 21 that is in contact with the first alignment layer 22 .
- the second alignment layer 23 applies an alignment regulating force to the liquid crystal compound LCM from the surface of the light control layer 21 that is in contact with the second alignment layer 23 .
- the alignment layers 22 and 23 have a light transmittance that allows visible light to pass therethrough.
- the alignment layers 22, 23 may be vertical alignment layers.
- the alignment regulating force applied by the vertical alignment layer aligns the long axis direction of the liquid crystal compound LCM so that it is perpendicular to the surface of the alignment layers 22 and 23 that is in contact with the light control layer 21.
- the alignment layers 22 and 23 are made of liquid crystal compounds such that the long axes of the liquid crystal compound LCM are tilted several degrees with respect to the vertical, within a range where the long axes of the liquid crystal compound LCM are determined to be substantially perpendicular to the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25.
- the LCM may be oriented.
- the thickness of the alignment layers 22 and 23 may be 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less, or 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- the material constituting the alignment layers 22 and 23 may be an organic compound, an inorganic compound, or an organic-inorganic composite material thereof.
- the material constituting the first alignment layer 22 and the material constituting the second alignment layer 23 may be the same or different.
- the organic compound constituting the alignment layers 22 and 23 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, and cyanide compounds.
- the inorganic compound constituting the alignment layers 22 and 23 may be silicon oxide or zirconium oxide.
- the organic-inorganic composite material forming the alignment layers 22 and 23 may be silicone having an inorganic structure and an organic structure.
- the first transparent electrode layer 24 and the second transparent electrode layer 25 form an electric field in the thickness direction of the light control layer 21 by inputting a drive signal.
- the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25 have a light transmittance that allows visible light to pass therethrough.
- the thickness of the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25 may be 0.005 ⁇ m or more and 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the material constituting the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25 may be an inorganic compound, an organic compound, or an organic-inorganic composite material.
- the inorganic compound constituting the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide.
- the organic compound constituting the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25 may be poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
- the organic-inorganic composite material constituting the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25 may be an organic compound containing metal nanowires.
- the first transparent base material 26 supports the first transparent electrode layer 24.
- the second transparent base material 27 supports the second transparent electrode layer 25.
- the transparent base materials 26 and 27 may have flexibility so as to follow the curved surface to which the light control sheet is attached, or may be rigid bodies that do not deform under their own weight. At least one of the transparent base materials 26 and 27 is attached to an object to which the light control sheet is applied.
- the thickness of the transparent base materials 26 and 27 may be 15 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the transparent base materials 26 and 27 of 15 ⁇ m or more increases the mechanical durability of the light control sheet and the chemical durability of the light control layer 21.
- the fact that the thickness of the transparent substrates 26 and 27 is 250 ⁇ m or less allows the light control sheet to be manufactured by roll-to-roll.
- the material constituting the transparent base materials 26 and 27 may be an organic compound or an inorganic compound.
- the organic compound constituting the transparent substrates 26 and 27 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, and polyolefin.
- the inorganic compound constituting the transparent substrates 26 and 27 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride.
- the adhesive applied to the transparent base materials 26 and 27 is a resin having transparent adhesive properties and insulating properties.
- the adhesive for the transparent base materials 26 and 27 is, for example, an optical clear adhesive (OCA).
- the electrodes 24A and 25A may be a flexible printed circuit board or a metal tape. Electrodes 24A, 25A may be attached to transparent electrode layers 24, 25 by a conductive adhesive layer.
- the drive unit 12 inputs a drive signal to the light control layer 21 through the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25.
- the drive signal may be an AC voltage signal or a DC voltage signal.
- the light control layer 21 changes the orientation of the liquid crystal compound LCM by changing the electric field formed between the two transparent electrode layers 24 and 25. Changing the orientation in the liquid crystal compound LCM changes the degree of scattering, absorption, and transmission of visible light entering the light control layer 21.
- each unit 11UN1, 11UN2 becomes cloudy, that is, opaque, due to scattering due to the difference in refractive index between the transparent polymer layer 21P and the liquid crystal compound LCM.
- the dichroic dye follows the drive of the liquid crystal compound LCM and is oriented to increase absorbance. As a result, when a voltage is applied to the light control layer 21, each unit 11UN1, 11UN2 becomes colored and opaque.
- Each unit 11UN1, 11UN2 controls the alignment of the alignment layers 22, 23, etc. when no voltage is applied to the light control layer 21, that is, when there is no potential difference between the two transparent electrode layers 24, 25. According to the force, it has a lower haze than when there is a potential difference.
- Each unit 11UN1, 11UN2 reduces the refractive index difference between the transparent polymer layer 21P and the liquid crystal compound LCM when no voltage is applied to the light control layer 21, and scatters light in the light control layer 21. suppress.
- the dichroic dye DP follows the orientation of the liquid crystal compound LCM and is oriented so as to reduce its absorbance. As a result, when no voltage is applied to the light control layer 21, each unit 11UN1, 11UN2 becomes colorless and transparent.
- the state in which one light control sheet is colored and opaque is the dark state of the light control device 10 of the first example.
- the state in which the units 11UN1 and 11UN2 are colored and opaque is the dark state of the light control device 10 of the second example.
- the colored opaque material may be black opaque, or may be a chromatic opaque material other than black.
- the state in which one light control sheet is transparent is the bright state of the light control device 10 of the first example.
- the state in which each unit 11UN1, 11UN2 is transparent is the bright state of the light control device 10.
- the transparent material may be colorless or transparent, or may be colored and transparent.
- the colored transparent material may be black transparent, or may be a colored transparent material other than black.
- the light control sheet may have translucency, which is intermediate between transparent and opaque.
- the semitransparent material may be colorless or colored.
- the colored translucent material may be black semitransparent, or may be a colored semitransparent material other than black.
- the drive unit 12 that achieves semi-transparency sets the voltage applied to the light control layer 21 to an intermediate value between transparent and opaque.
- the total light transmittance of the dimmer 10 in the dark state is lower than the total light transmittance of the dimmer 10 in the bright state.
- the first light control unit 11UN1 may be colored and opaque, and the second light control unit 11UN2 may be colored and opaque.
- the first light control unit 11UN1 may be opaque, and the second light control unit 11UN2 may be semitransparent.
- the first light control unit 11UN1 may be opaque, and the second light control unit 11UN2 may be transparent.
- the light control layer 21 of the light control device 10 changes the orientation of the liquid crystal compound LCM by changing the voltage between the two transparent electrode layers 24 and 25.
- the change in orientation of the liquid crystal compound LCM changes the degree of scattering, degree of absorption, and degree of transmission of visible light entering the light control layer 21.
- the scattering of visible light gives the light control layer 21 a cloudy, opaque, or translucent appearance.
- the scattering and absorption of visible light gives the light control layer 21 a dark opaque or dark translucent appearance.
- the light control device 10 equipped with a reverse type light control sheet when it is required to increase the contrast, in both the light control device 10 of the first example and the light control device 10 of the second example, the light control The sheet may satisfy the following condition 1-1. If it is further required to increase the contrast, the light control device 10 including the reverse type light control sheet is preferably the light control device 10 of the second example. When the transmittance of the parallel component of the total light transmitted through the light control sheet is 2% or less, the contrast between the transparent state and the opaque state is increased.
- the thickness of the light control layer 21 in the reverse type light control sheet using an alignment regulating force allows the alignment regulating force to act over the entire thickness direction. Therefore, the thickness of the light control layer 21 in the reverse type light control sheet is required to be thinner than the thickness of the light control layer 21 in the normal type light control sheet.
- a reverse type light control sheet in which the thickness of the light control layer 21 is limited is less likely to increase contrast than a normal type light control sheet.
- a reverse type light control sheet on which an alignment regulating force continues to act is more difficult to obtain random alignment of the liquid crystal compound LCM than a light control sheet on which no alignment regulating force acts.
- Reverse type light control sheets, which are difficult to obtain random orientation have difficulty increasing contrast compared to light control sheets, which are easy to obtain random orientation. For this reason, the reverse type light control sheet is required to have higher contrast than the normal type light control sheet or the light control sheet without the alignment layers 22 and 23.
- both the light control device 10 of the first example and the light control device 10 of the second example may further satisfy at least one of conditions 1-2 to 1-4. Satisfying at least one of conditions 1-2 to 1-4 may mean satisfying one selected from the group from conditions 1-2 to 1-4, or satisfying at least one of conditions 1-2 to 1-4. It is also possible to satisfy a combination of two or more selected from the group of conditions 1 to 4.
- the light control The sheet may satisfy conditions 1-5 below.
- the light control sheet when it is required to further increase the contrast, in both the light control device 10 of the first example and the light control device 10 of the second example, In addition to condition 1-5, the light control sheet may further satisfy condition 1-6 or condition 1-7.
- condition 1-1 or condition 1-5 When condition 1-1 or condition 1-5 is satisfied, most of the total light that passes through the light control sheet is a diffuse component. For this reason, the degree of turbidity in the light control sheet when it is opaque is increased, thereby making it possible to blur the image of an object that is visually recognized through the light control sheet.
- Condition 1-3 or Condition 1-6 the contrast can be increased because the difference in total light transmittance of the light control device 10 between the transparent state and the opaque state becomes large. Further, when condition 1-3 or condition 1-6 is satisfied, the total transmittance of the parallel component and the diffuse component is reduced, so that objects are prevented from being seen through the light control sheet.
- Condition 1-4 or Condition 1-7 it is possible to reduce the diffused component of the total light that passes through the light control device 10. As a result, the brightness due to the diffused component when the light is opaque is suppressed, and the contrast in the light control device 10 is increased.
- the parallel light transmittance of the light control device 10 when opaque is more preferably 0.5% or less.
- the parallel light transmittance of the light control device 10 in the opaque state is 0.5% or less, it is more preferable that the haze of the light control device 10 in the opaque state is 96% or more.
- the light control device 10 in the opaque state can lower the transmittance of parallel components and blur the image of the object visually recognized through the light control device 10. Therefore, it is further suppressed that objects are seen through the light control device 10.
- the light control sheet has a tendency to lower the parallel light transmittance when it is opaque due to an increase in the concentration of the dichroic dye DP contained in the light control layer 21.
- the parallel line transmittance of the light control sheet when it is opaque is adjusted by increasing the concentration of the dichroic dye DP in the light control layer 21. You may.
- the light control sheet has a tendency that the longer the optical path length of the light incident on the light control layer 21, the lower the parallel light transmittance when it is opaque. If it is required to lower the parallel line transmittance of the light control sheet when it is opaque, the parallel line transmittance of the light control sheet when it is opaque may be adjusted by increasing the thickness of the light control layer 21. . Alternatively, if it is required to reduce the parallel line transmittance of the light control sheet when opaque, the parallel line transmittance of the light control sheet when opaque can be reduced by increasing the number of light control layers 21 included in the light control device 10. may be adjusted.
- the light control sheet in the light control device 10 of the second example may satisfy at least one of the following conditions 2-1 and 2-2 in both the reverse type and the normal type.
- all of the light control sheets in the light control device 10 of the second example are of the reverse type, and the following conditions 2-1 and 2-2 are satisfied. It is preferable that at least one of the following is satisfied.
- Satisfying at least one of Condition 2-1 and Condition 2-2 may mean satisfying Condition 2-1, Condition 2-2, or satisfying Condition 2-1 and Condition 2-2. It is also possible to satisfy both of the following.
- each light control sheet of the light control device 10 When it is required to further increase the contrast of the light control device 10 of the second example, each light control sheet of the light control device 10 must be set under the conditions 2-3 to 2 below in both the reverse type and the normal type. It is preferable that at least one of -6 is satisfied. Satisfying at least one of conditions 2-3 to 2-6 may mean satisfying one selected from the group from conditions 2-3 to 2-6, or satisfying at least one of conditions 2-3 to 2-6. It is also possible to satisfy a combination of two or more selected from the group of conditions 2-6. Each light control sheet in the light control device 10 of the second example may satisfy the following condition 2-8 instead of or in addition to the following condition 2-2.
- the light control sheet may satisfy the following condition 3-1. Further, the light control sheet of the light control device 10 may satisfy at least one of the following conditions 3-2 and 3-3 in addition to condition 3-1. Satisfying at least one of Condition 3-2 and Condition 3-3 may be satisfying Condition 3-2, Condition 3-3, or satisfying Condition 3-2 and Condition 3-3. It is also possible to satisfy both of the following.
- the light control sheet of the light control device 10 preferably satisfies at least one of conditions 3-4 to 3-7 below. Satisfying at least one of conditions 3-4 to 3-7 may mean satisfying one selected from conditions 3-4 to 3-7, or satisfying at least one of conditions 3-4 to 3-7. It is also possible to satisfy a combination of two or more selected from 7.
- the light control sheet of the light control device 10 may satisfy the following condition 3-8 instead of the following condition 3-3.
- the absorbance difference which is the value obtained by subtracting the average absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC from the absorbance in the opaque dark state of the light control device 10, is 0.8 or more.
- the haze of the light control device 10 when it is opaque, which is a dark state, is 96% or more.
- the absorbance difference which is the value obtained by subtracting the average absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC from the absorbance in the opaque dark state of the light control device 10, is 0.9 or more.
- the total light transmittance of the light control device 10 when it is opaque, which is a dark state, is 7% or less.
- Haze is obtained by a measurement method based on ASTM D 1003-00.
- An example of a haze measuring device is BYK haze-gard indtrument (manufactured by BYK Gardner).
- BYK haze-gard indtrument manufactured by BYK Gardner.
- the maximum angle between the light rays included in the light flux incident on the light control device 10 and the optical axis of the light flux is less than 3°.
- the light control device 10 is fixed so that the surface of the light control device 10 and the light beam incident on the surface are substantially perpendicular to each other within ⁇ 2°.
- the light that deviates by ⁇ 2.5° or more from the light beam incident on the light control device 10 is wide-angle scattered light.
- Haze is the percentage of wide-angle scattered light due to forward scattering among the transmitted light that has passed through the light control device 10.
- Diffuse transmittance is the percentage of wide-angle scattered light due to forward scattering among the incident light that enters the light control device 10.
- the parallel line transmittance is the percentage of parallel line transmitted light due to forward scattering among the incident light that enters the light control sheet.
- the total light transmittance is the sum of the diffuse transmittance and the parallel light transmittance.
- the transmitted light that passes through the light control sheet the light that does not deviate from the light beam incident on the light control sheet is straight transmitted light.
- the light that deviates within ⁇ 2.5° from the straight transmitted light is the above-mentioned parallel transmitted light.
- the clarity is calculated based on the following formula (1) from the light amount LC of the straight transmitted light and the light amount LR of the parallel transmitted light. 100 ⁇ (LR-LC)/(LR+LC)... Formula (1)
- Total light transmittance, diffuse transmittance, parallel light transmittance, and clarity are obtained by measurements according to ASTM D 1003-00.
- the absorbance is obtained by a measurement method using an absorption photometer in accordance with JIS K 0115:2004.
- the light source section of the spectrophotometer is a white LED that emits visible light of 380 nm or more and 780 nm or less.
- the photometry section of the spectrophotometer detects the light intensity over the visible light range from 380 nm to 780 nm.
- the contrast of the light control device 10 is the ratio of the total light transmittance when it is transparent to the total light transmittance when it is opaque. That is, the contrast of the light control device 10 is the ratio of the total light transmittance in the bright state to the total light transmittance in the dark state.
- the total transmitted light of the light control sheet constituting the light control device 10 includes straight transmitted light that passes through the light control sheet without being scattered by the light control sheet, and scattered light that is scattered by the light control sheet.
- the total light transmittance of the light control device 10 depends on the sum of the amount of straight transmitted light and the amount of scattered light.
- the haze of the light control device 10 is the ratio of diffuse transmittance to total light transmittance. That is, the haze of the light control device 10 depends on the amount of scattered light relative to the sum of the amount of straight transmitted light and the amount of scattered light. Even if the sum of the amount of straight transmitted light and the amount of scattered light is constant, the total light transmittance and haze are changed so that the amount of scattered light changes relative to the sum of the amount of straight transmitted light and the amount of scattered light. are optical properties that can vary individually.
- Increasing the blending ratio of dichroic dye DP in liquid crystal composition 21LC simply reduces the amount of scattered light. Increasing the blending ratio of the dichroic dye DP lowers the total light transmittance by the amount of the reduced amount of scattered light, thereby making it possible to improve the contrast. However, the blending ratio of the dichroic dye DP is actually determined at approximately the upper limit within the range that provides the responsiveness of the liquid crystal compound LCM. After all, increasing the blending ratio of the dichroic dye DP has a limit in terms of increasing the contrast of the light control device 10.
- the light absorption characteristics of the dichroic dye DP are based on the dichroic ratio, showing high absorbance for scattered light and low absorbance for straight transmitted light.
- the absorbance of the dichroic dye DP sharply increases the absorbance of the dimmer 10 exponentially with the optical path length of the dimmer 10 as a variable. Promoting scattering of straight transmitted light in the light control sheet lowers the total light transmittance when the sheet is opaque, thereby making it possible to improve contrast.
- the inventor of the present application found that the contrast is sharply increased in the haze of each light control sheet stacked on top of each other. I found a range to improve. If the light control device 10 satisfies the above-mentioned condition 2-1, the haze of each light control sheet when opaque is 79% or more, so the contrast in the light control device 10 is greatly increased.
- the absorbance of the light control sheet when it is opaque reflects that the light scattered at the interface between the transparent polymer layer 21P and the liquid crystal composition 21LC is absorbed by the dichroic dye DP.
- the absorbance of the liquid crystal compound LCM itself which is considered to be opaque, does not reflect the extension of the optical path length due to scattering, that is, the increase in absorption due to the extension of the optical path length.
- the absorbance difference which is the value obtained by subtracting the absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC considered to be opaque from the absorbance when opaque, indicates the increase in absorption due to the extension of the optical path length.
- the absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC that is considered to be in the opaque state may be any value that can pseudo-indicate the absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC in the opaque state.
- the absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC that is considered to be opaque is, for example, the average value of the vertical absorbance and horizontal absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC, which is considered to be the absorbance when the liquid crystal compound LCM is randomly aligned.
- the absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC considered to be opaque may be, for example, the horizontal absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC.
- the inventor of the present application discovered that there is a difference in absorbance between the light control sheets stacked on each other. , we found a range that sharply increases contrast. If the light control device 10 satisfies the above-mentioned condition 2-2, the contrast in the light control device 10 will be greatly increased because the average absorbance difference between the light control sheets is 0.4 or more. Further, if the light control device 10 satisfies the above-mentioned condition 2-8, the horizontal absorbance difference between each light control sheet is 0.1 or more, so the contrast in the light control device 10 is greatly increased.
- the inventor of the present application discovered that the total light transmittance and the diffused transmittance of the light control device 10 are We found a range for increasing contrast in , parallel light transmittance, and clarity. If the light control device 10 satisfies the above-mentioned condition 2-3, the contrast of the light control device 10 will increase because the total light transmittance of each of the mutually stacked light control sheets is 25% or less.
- the contrast of the light control device 10 will be increased because the diffused transmittance of each of the mutually stacked light control sheets is 16% or less. Further, if the light control device 10 satisfies the above-mentioned condition 2-5, the contrast of the light control device 10 will be increased because the parallel light transmittance of each of the mutually stacked light control sheets is 5% or less. Further, if the light control device 10 satisfies the above-mentioned condition 2-6, the contrast of the light control device 10 will be increased because the clarity of each of the mutually stacked light control sheets is 95% or less.
- the inventor of the present application discovered that there is a difference in the absorbance of the light control device 10. , we found a range that sharply increases contrast. If the light control device 10 satisfies the above-mentioned condition 3-1, the average absorbance difference in the light control device 10 is 0.8 or more, so the contrast in the light control device 10 of the first example and the second example is increases greatly.
- the inventor of the present invention discovered that the haze of the light control device 10 We found a range in which the contrast could be sharply increased. If the light control device 10 satisfies the conditions 3-1 and 3-2 described above, the haze of the light control device 10 when it is opaque is 96% or more, so the contrast in the light control device 10 can be greatly increased. becomes more effective.
- the inventor of the present application found that the difference in absorbance of the light control device 10 Among them, we found a range where the contrast could be sharply increased. If the light control device 10 satisfies the above-mentioned condition 3-3, the average absorbance difference of the light control device 10 is 0.9 or more, so the contrast in the light control device 10 is further increased. Further, if the light control device 10 satisfies the above-mentioned condition 3-8, the contrast in the light control device 10 will be greatly increased because the horizontal absorbance difference of the light control device 10 is 0.3 or more.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 illustration of the transparent base materials 26 and 27 is omitted for convenience of illustration. 3 and 4, for convenience of explaining the structure of the light control layer 21, the ratio of the thickness of the light control layer 21 to the thickness of each alignment layer 22, 23 and the thickness of each transparent electrode layer 24, 25 is shown as follows. larger than the actual ratio. 3 and 4 schematically show the state of the light control layer 21 in a state where no potential difference is generated between the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25.
- an example of the light control layer 21 may include a first high-density portion 21H1, a second high-density portion 21H2, and a low-density portion 21L.
- the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC per unit thickness in the first high density part 21H1 is higher than the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC per unit thickness in the low density part 21L.
- the number density of voids 21D per unit thickness in the first high-density portion 21H1 is higher than the number density of voids 21D per unit thickness in the low-density portion 21L.
- the first high-density portion 21H1 is in contact with the first alignment layer 22.
- the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC per unit thickness in the second high density portion 21H2 is higher than the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC per unit thickness in the low density portion 21L.
- the number density of voids 21D per unit thickness in the second high-density portion 21H2 is higher than the number density of voids 21D per unit thickness in the low-density portion 21L.
- the second high-density portion 21H2 is in contact with the second alignment layer 23.
- the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC in the light control layer 21 is lowest in the middle of the light control layer 21 in the thickness direction.
- the middle of the light control layer 21 in the thickness direction is a portion closer to the center of the light control layer 21 than the pair of opposing surfaces in the thickness direction of the light control layer 21 .
- the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC per unit thickness in each part of the light control layer 21 is calculated by dividing the volume of the liquid crystal composition 21LC included in each part by the thickness of each part.
- the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC in the light control layer 21 may be lowest in a portion including the center of the light control layer 21 in the thickness direction.
- the liquid crystal composition 21LC determined from an SEM image of a cross section of the light control layer 21 is calculated. Each density may be calculated as an approximate value using the area of , and the area of the light control layer 21 .
- the number density of voids 21D in the transparent polymer layer 21P is lowest in the middle in the thickness direction of the light control layer 21.
- the number density of voids 21D per unit thickness in each part of the transparent polymer layer 21P is calculated by dividing the number of voids 21D included in each part by the thickness of each part.
- the number density of voids 21D in the transparent polymer layer 21P may be lowest in a portion including the center of the light control layer 21 in the thickness direction.
- the uneven distribution of the liquid crystal compound LCM in the vicinity of the alignment layers 22 and 23 in the transparent polymer layer 21P enhances the effect of the alignment regulating force of the alignment layers 22 and 23.
- Such uneven distribution of the liquid crystal compound LCM increases light transmittance when the light control device 10 is transparent.
- the thickness TH1 of the first high-density portion 21H1, the thickness TH2 of the second high-density portion 21H2, and the thickness TL of the low-density portion 21L are approximately equal to each other. That is, an example of the thickness TH1 of the first high-density portion 21H1, the thickness TH2 of the second high-density portion 21H2, and the thickness TL of the low-density portion 21L is 1/3 of the thickness T21 of the light control layer 21. It is. Note that the thickness TL of the low-density portion 21L may be thicker or thinner than the thicknesses TH1 and TH2 of the high-density portions 21H1 and 21H2. Further, the thickness TH1 of the first high-density portion 21H1 may be equal to or different from the thickness of the second high-density portion 21H2.
- the percentage of the total area of each void 21D included in the low density portion 21L to the area of the low density portion 21L may be 10% or less. This makes it possible to reduce the proportion of the liquid crystal composition 21LC held by the voids 21D in the low-density portion 21L, so that the low-density portion can be The liquid crystal compound LCM contained in 21L is suppressed from increasing the opacity of the light control sheet.
- the low density portion 21L does not need to have the void 21D.
- the low density portion 21L does not need to contain the liquid crystal composition 21LC.
- all the liquid crystal compounds LCM contained in the light control layer 21 are easily oriented according to the alignment regulating force of the alignment layers 22 and 23 and the reactive mesogen compound, so there is a voltage difference between the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25. It is possible to further reduce the haze of the light control sheet in a state where no such phenomenon occurs.
- the total area of each void 21D relative to the area of the low-density portion 21L may be 10% or less, 5% or less, or 0%.
- the void 21D is located within a range of 3.0 ⁇ m or less from the first alignment layer 22 and within a range of 3.0 ⁇ m or less from the second alignment layer 23 in the cross section along the thickness direction of the light control layer 21. may be located.
- each void 21D included in the first high-density portion 21H1 is preferably in contact with the first alignment layer 22. Furthermore, each void 21D included in the second high-density portion 21H2 is preferably in contact with the second alignment layer 23.
- the thickness T21 of the light control layer 21 may be 2 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, and the diameter of the void 21D may be 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the diameter of the void 21D is the diameter of a circle circumscribing the void 21D in a cross section including the thickness direction of the light control layer 21.
- the size of the void 21D is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less, the liquid crystal composition 21LC is held near the alignment layers 22 and 23. Therefore, it is possible to improve the transparency of the light control sheet in a state where no voltage difference is generated between the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25.
- the size of the void 21D is preferably 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the size of the void 21D is as small as 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- another example of the light control layer 21 includes one layer of voids formed by a plurality of voids 21D in contact with the first alignment layer 22 and a plurality of voids 21D in contact with the second alignment layer 23. and one void layer formed therein.
- a single void 21D is arranged along the interface between each alignment layer 22, 23 and the light control layer 21.
- the void layer in contact with the first alignment layer 22 includes at least one void 21D in contact with any void 21D of the void layer in contact with the second alignment layer 23. All the voids 21D included in the void layer in contact with the first alignment layer 22 may contact any of the voids 21D included in the void layer in contact with the second alignment layer 23.
- the surface in contact with the first alignment layer 22 is the first surface, and the surface opposite to the first surface is the second surface.
- the second surface is a plane that includes a portion of the voids 21D included in the void layer that is farthest from the first alignment layer 22.
- the surface in contact with the second alignment layer 23 is the first surface, and the surface opposite to the first surface is the second surface.
- the second surface is a plane that includes a portion of the voids 21D included in the void layer that is farthest from the second alignment layer 23.
- the second surface of the void layer in contact with the first alignment layer 22 and the second surface of the void layer in contact with the second alignment layer 23 may be the same surface.
- the light control layer 21 includes a first high-density portion 21H1, a second high-density portion 21H2, and a low-density portion 21L.
- the low density portion 21L is sandwiched between the first high density portion 21H1 and the second high density portion 21H2.
- the low-density portion 21L includes a portion in the void layer in contact with the first alignment layer 22 where the void 21D is not located, and also includes a portion in the void layer in contact with the second alignment layer 23 where the void 21D is not located.
- the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC in the low density part 21L is smaller than the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC in the first high density part 21H1 and the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC in the second high density part 21H2.
- the density of the liquid crystal composition 21LC in the middle portion of the light control layer 21 in the thickness direction is the lowest in the light control layer 21.
- the coating liquid contains a polymerizable composition for forming the transparent polymer layer 21P, a liquid crystal compound LCM, and a dichroic dye DP.
- the polymerizable composition is a monomer, oligomer, or polymer that can be polymerized by irradiation with ultraviolet light.
- the coating liquid is irradiated with ultraviolet light through the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25. As a result, a transparent polymer layer 21P having voids 21D is formed, and the liquid crystal compound LCM and the dichroic dye DP are held in the voids 21D.
- the coating liquid When the coating liquid is cured by irradiation with ultraviolet light, the liquid crystal compound LCM and the liquid crystal composition 21LC containing the dichroic dye DP are almost uniformly distributed in the polymerizable composition.
- the polymerizable composition begins to harden near the alignment layers 22 and 23, and the liquid crystal composition 21LC separates from the polymer of the polymerizable composition.
- a part of the liquid crystal composition 21LC existing in the coating film is easily stabilized by being integrated with the separated liquid crystal composition 21LC, and thus moves toward the alignment layers 22 and 23.
- a transparent polymer layer 21P having voids 21D surrounding the liquid crystal composition 21LC is formed.
- the liquid crystal compositions 21LC separated from each other gather to stabilize energy.
- the polymerizable composition hardens at a high speed or when the liquid crystal composition 21LC moves at a high speed, the liquid crystal composition 21LC is encouraged to gather in a wide range, so the size of the void 21D is large.
- the speed at which the polymerizable composition cures can be increased by increasing the temperature of the coating liquid when it is irradiated.
- the void 21D is separated from other voids 21D before the liquid crystal composition 21LC is gathered.
- Expanding the range in which the polymerizable composition is cured at the same time can be achieved by increasing the intensity of the ultraviolet rays irradiated to the coating liquid. Since there is a limit to the size in which the voids 21D can grow, by further increasing the curing speed of the polymerizable composition, the range in which the voids 21D are formed tends to extend to the low-density portion 21L.
- Test Examples 1 to 10 Specific test examples of light control sheets are shown below.
- the types of light control sheets in Test Examples 1 to 10 are reverse types.
- the light control sheets of Test Examples 1 to 10 include alignment layers 22 and 23, transparent electrode layers 24 and 25, and transparent base materials 26 and 27.
- the light control sheets of Test Examples 1 to 10 contained a liquid crystal compound LCM, a dichroic dye DP, a reactive mesogenic compound, an ultraviolet curable compound, a spacer 21S, and a polymerization initiator between the alignment layers 22 and 23. It was obtained by forming a coating film containing UV rays and polymerizing an ultraviolet curable compound in the coating film.
- Test Examples 21 to 24 are normal types.
- Test Examples 21 to 24 include alignment layers 22 and 23, transparent electrode layers 24 and 25, and transparent base materials 26 and 27.
- the light control sheets of Test Examples 21 to 24 contained a liquid crystal compound LCM, a dichroic dye DP, a reactive mesogenic compound, an ultraviolet curable compound, a spacer 21S, and a polymerization initiator between the alignment layers 22 and 23. It was obtained by forming a coating film containing UV rays and polymerizing an ultraviolet curable compound in the coating film.
- the normal type alignment layers 22 and 23 apply an alignment regulating force to the dichroic dye DP and increase light absorption due to the horizontal alignment of the dichroic dye DP.
- the types of light control sheets in Test Examples 25 to 37 are normal types.
- the light control sheets of Test Examples 25 to 37 have structures in which the alignment layers 22 and 23 are omitted, and include transparent electrode layers 24 and 25 and transparent base materials 26 and 27.
- the light control sheets of Test Examples 25 to 37 contained a liquid crystal compound LCM, a dichroic dye DP, a reactive mesogen compound, an ultraviolet curable compound, a spacer 21S, and a polymerization initiator between the transparent electrode layers 24 and 25. It was obtained by forming a coating film containing the compound and polymerizing the ultraviolet curable compound in the coating film.
- Test Example 1 The blending ratios of materials (e) to (h) with respect to the coating liquid for manufacturing the light control sheet of Test Example 1 are shown below.
- Liquid crystal compound LCM 46% by mass
- Polymerization initiator 1% by mass
- Polymerizable composition 49% by mass
- Dichroic dye DP 2% by mass
- the coating liquid of Test Example 1 is applied on the first alignment layer 22 such that black spacers 21S having a particle size of 7 ⁇ m are arranged on the first alignment layer 22 to form the coating film of Test Example 1. did.
- the coating film of Test Example 1 sandwiched between the first alignment layer 22 and the second alignment layer 23 365 nm ultraviolet light was irradiated toward the first transparent base material 26, and the light control layer 21 was A light control sheet of Test Example 1 having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was formed. At this time, the cumulative amount of ultraviolet light was set to 1380 mJ/cm 2 .
- Test Example 2 A light control sheet of Test Example 2 was obtained by the same manufacturing method as Test Example 1.
- Test Example 3 Dimming was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1, except that the particle size of Spacer 21S was changed to 8 ⁇ m, the coating liquid of Test Example 1 was used, and the cumulative amount of ultraviolet light was changed to 780 mJ/ cm2 .
- Test Example 4 A light control sheet of Test Example 4 was obtained by the same manufacturing method as Test Example 3.
- Test Example 5 The blending ratios of materials (e) to (h) in the coating liquid for manufacturing the light control sheet of Test Example 5 are shown below.
- Liquid crystal compound LCM 50% by mass
- Polymerization initiator 1% by mass
- Polymerizable composition 45% by mass
- Dichroic dye DP 2% by mass
- the coating liquid of Test Example 5 is applied on the first alignment layer 22 such that black spacers 21S having a particle size of 8 ⁇ m are arranged on the first alignment layer 22 to form a coating film of Test Example 5. did.
- Test Example 6 A light control sheet of Test Example 6 was obtained by the same manufacturing method as Test Example 5.
- Test Example 7 Dimming was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1, except that the particle size of Spacer 21S was changed to 8 ⁇ m, the coating liquid of Test Example 1 was used, and the cumulative amount of ultraviolet light was changed to 920 mJ/ cm2 .
- Test Example 8 Dimming was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 1, except that the particle size of Spacer 21S was changed to 8 ⁇ m, the coating liquid of Test Example 1 was used, and the cumulative amount of ultraviolet light was changed to 1380 mJ/ cm2 . A light control sheet of Test Example 8 in which the layer 21 had a thickness of 8 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Test Example 9 A test example in which the thickness of the light control layer 21 was 8 ⁇ m was carried out in the same manner as the manufacturing method of Test Example 5, except that the coating liquid of Test Example 5 was used and the cumulative amount of ultraviolet light was changed to 840 mJ/cm 2 A light control sheet of No. 9 was obtained.
- Test Example 10 A test example in which the thickness of the light control layer 21 was 8 ⁇ m was carried out in the same manner as the manufacturing method of Test Example 5, except that the coating liquid of Test Example 5 was used and the cumulative amount of ultraviolet light was changed to 800 mJ/cm 2 10 light control sheets were obtained.
- Test Example 11 The light control sheet of Test Example 2 was stacked and bonded to the light control sheet of Test Example 1, thereby obtaining the light control device 10 of Test Example 11. At this time, the light control sheet of Test Example 2 was attached to the light control sheet of Test Example 1 using a transparent optical adhesive.
- Test Example 12 The light control sheet of Test Example 4 was stacked and bonded to the light control sheet of Test Example 3, thereby obtaining the light control device 10 of Test Example 12. At this time, the light control sheet of Test Example 4 was attached to the light control sheet of Test Example 3 using a transparent optical adhesive.
- Test Example 13 The light control sheet of Test Example 6 was stacked and bonded to the light control sheet of Test Example 5, thereby obtaining the light control device 10 of Test Example 13. At this time, the light control sheet of Test Example 6 was attached to the light control sheet of Test Example 5 using a transparent optical adhesive.
- Test Example 14 The light control sheet of Test Example 8 was stacked and bonded to the light control sheet of Test Example 7, thereby obtaining the light control device 10 of Test Example 14. At this time, the light control sheet of Test Example 8 was attached to the light control sheet of Test Example 7 using a transparent optical adhesive.
- Test Example 15 The light control sheet of Test Example 10 was stacked and bonded to the light control sheet of Test Example 9, thereby obtaining the light control device 10 of Test Example 15. At this time, the light control sheet of Test Example 10 was attached to the light control sheet of Test Example 9 using a transparent optical adhesive.
- Test Example 21 The blending ratios of materials (e) to (h) in the coating liquid for manufacturing the light control sheet of Test Example 21 are shown below.
- Liquid crystal compound LCM 55% by mass
- Polymerization initiator 1% by mass
- Polymerizable composition 40% by mass
- Dichroic dye DP 2.2% by mass
- the coating liquid of Test Example 21 is applied on the first alignment layer 22 such that black spacers 21S having a particle size of 15 ⁇ m are arranged on the first alignment layer 22 to form a coating film of Test Example 21. did.
- the coating film of Test Example 21 sandwiched between the first alignment layer 22 and the second alignment layer 23 365 nm ultraviolet light was irradiated toward the first transparent base material 26, and the light control layer 21 was A light control sheet of Test Example 21 having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m was formed. At this time, the cumulative amount of ultraviolet light was set to 1200 mJ/cm 2 .
- Test Example 22 A light control sheet of Test Example 22 in which the light control layer 21 had a thickness of 15 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as the manufacturing method of Test Example 21 except that the alignment layers 22 and 23 were subjected to a rubbing treatment.
- Test Example 23 A light control sheet of Test Example 23 in which the light control layer 21 had a thickness of 15 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as in the manufacturing method of Test Example 21.
- Test Example 24 A light control sheet of Test Example 24 in which the light control layer 21 had a thickness of 15 ⁇ m was obtained in the same manner as the manufacturing method of Test Example 22.
- Test Example 25 The blending ratios of materials (e) to (h) in the coating liquid for manufacturing the light control sheet of Test Example 25 are shown below.
- the coating liquid of Test Example 25 was applied on the first transparent electrode layer 24 so that black spacers 21S having a particle size of 15 ⁇ m were arranged on the first transparent electrode layer 24, and the coating film of Test Example 25 was formed. was formed.
- the coating film of Test Example 25 sandwiched between the first transparent electrode layer 24 and the second transparent electrode layer 25, 365 nm ultraviolet light was irradiated toward the first transparent base material 26, and the light control layer was A light control sheet of Test Example 21 having a thickness of 15 ⁇ m was formed. At this time, the cumulative amount of ultraviolet light was set to 1500 mJ/cm 2 .
- an alternating current voltage that is a rectangular wave of 40 V and a frequency of 50 Hz was used as a drive signal for the light control sheet when measuring the optical characteristics.
- a haze meter (BYK haze-gard indtrument: manufactured by BYK Gardner) was used as a measuring instrument for optical properties.
- the absorbance of visible light of 380 nm or more and 780 nm or less was measured by a measurement method based on JIS K 0115:2004.
- the absorbance of visible light of 380 nm or more and 780 nm or less was measured by a measurement method based on JIS K 0115:2004.
- horizontal absorbance which is the absorbance when horizontally aligned to visible light of 380 nm or more and 780 nm or less, was determined by a measurement method based on JIS K 0115:2004. The average absorbance was measured. The average absorbance is the average value of the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition 21LC is horizontally aligned and the absorbance when the liquid crystal composition 21LC is vertically aligned. The absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC is determined by placing the liquid crystal composition 21LC containing the dichroic dye DP into a horizontal alignment cell with a thickness of 6 ⁇ m and a vertical alignment cell with a thickness of 6 ⁇ m. Obtained by.
- the average absorbance difference was calculated by subtracting the average absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC from the absorbance when opaque.
- the average absorbance difference was calculated by subtracting the average absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC from the absorbance of the light control device 10 when it was opaque.
- the horizontal absorbance difference was calculated by subtracting the horizontal absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC from the absorbance in the opaque state.
- the horizontal absorbance difference was calculated by subtracting the horizontal absorbance of the liquid crystal composition 21LC from the absorbance of the light control device 10 when it was opaque.
- the total light rays in the bright state (transparent state) relative to the total light transmittance in the dark state (opaque state) of the light control device 10 The ratio of transmittance was calculated as contrast.
- the ratio of the contrast of the light control device 10 to the total contrast of the two light control sheets constituting the light control device 10 was calculated as an increase rate.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between parallel line transmittance and contrast in each test example.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between total light transmittance and contrast in each test example.
- FIG. 9 shows the relationship between diffuse transmittance and contrast in each test example.
- FIG. 10 shows the relationship between haze and contrast in each test example.
- FIG. 11 shows the relationship between clarity and contrast in each test example.
- the evaluation results of the light control device 10 equipped with a reverse type light control sheet are shown by white circles.
- the evaluation results of the light control device 10 equipped with a normal type light control sheet are shown as black squares.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between haze and contrast and the relationship between clarity and contrast for Test Examples 1 to 15.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between haze and contrast for Test Examples 1 to 37.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the average absorbance difference and the contrast for Test Examples 1 to 15 and Test Examples 21 to 37.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between parallel line transmittance and contrast and the relationship between diffuse transmittance and contrast for Test Examples 1 to 15.
- the total light transmittance of the light control device 10 in the bright state in Test Examples 1 to 10 was 30% or more and 65% or less.
- the total light transmittance of the light control device 10 in the bright state in Test Examples 11 to 15 was 14% or more and 25% or less.
- the total light transmittance of the light control device 10 in the bright state in Test Examples 12 to 15 was 14% or more and 20% or less.
- the total light transmittance of the dimming device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 1 to Test Example 11 was a value of 9.8% or more and 32% or less. Note that the total light transmittance of the dimming device 10 in the dark state of Test Example 1 and Test Example 2 was 32%. On the other hand, the total light transmittance of the dimming device 10 in the dark state of Test Examples 3 to 8, 10, and 11 was a value of 9% or more and 25% or less. On the other hand, the total light transmittance of the dimming device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 12 to Test Example 15 was 3% or more and 7% or less.
- the diffuse transmittance of the light control device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 1 to Test Example 11 was all over 6%.
- the diffused transmittance of the light control device 10 in the dark state of Test Example 1 and Test Example 2 was a value exceeding 18%.
- the diffused transmittance of the light control device 10 in the dark state in Test Examples 3 and 5 to 11 was a value of 3% or more and 16% or less.
- the diffused transmittances of the light control devices 10 in the dark state in Test Examples 12 to 15 were all 3% or more and 6% or less.
- the parallel light transmittances of the dimming devices 10 in the dark state from Test Example 1 to Test Example 11 were all values of 2.2% or more and 15% or less.
- the parallel light transmittance of the light control device 10 in the dark state of Test Example 1 and Test Example 2 was a high value exceeding 13%.
- the parallel line transmittances of the dark state light control devices 10 of Test Examples 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 to 11 were all greater than 2% and less than 5%.
- the parallel light transmittances of the dimming devices 10 in the dark state in Test Examples 12 to 15 were all 0% or more and 2% or less.
- the haze of the dimming device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 1 to Test Example 11 was 55% or more and 87% or less. Note that the haze in the dimming device 10 in the dark state of Test Example 1 and Test Example 2 was less than 60%. On the other hand, the haze in the dimming device 10 in the dark state of Test Examples 3 to 7, 9, and 10 was a value of 79% or more and 87% or less. On the other hand, the haze in the dimming device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 12 to Test Example 15 was 90% or more and 99% or less. Moreover, the haze in the dark state light control device 10 of Test Examples 12, 13, and 15 was all 96% or more and 99% or less.
- the clarity of the dimming device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 1 to Test Example 11 was 86% or more and 99% or less.
- the clarity of the light control device 10 in the dark state of Test Example 1 and Test Example 2 was a value exceeding 98%.
- the clarity of the light control device 10 in the dark state of Test Examples 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 was a value of 86% or more and 95% or less.
- the clarity of the dimming device 10 in the dark state in Test Examples 12 to 15 was 63% or more and 90% or less.
- the clarity of the light control device 10 in the dark state of Test Examples 12, 13, and 15 was all 63% or more and 72% or less.
- the average absorbance difference in the dimming device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 1 to Test Example 11 was all less than 0.6%.
- the horizontal absorbance difference in the dark state light control device 10 of Test Example 1 and Test Example 2 was both 0.28.
- the average absorbance differences in the dimming devices 10 in the dark state in Test Examples 3 to 8 and 9 to 11 were all values of 0.4 or more and 0.6 or less.
- the average absorbance difference in the dimming device 10 in the dark state in Test Examples 12 to 15 was 0.8% or more and 1.05% or less.
- the average absorbance difference in the dark state light control device 10 of Test Examples 12, 13, and 15 was all 0.9% or more and 1.05% or less.
- the horizontal absorbance differences in the dimming device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 1 to Test Example 11 were all less than 0.3%.
- the horizontal absorbance difference in the dark state light control device 10 of Test Example 1 and Test Example 2 was 0.04.
- the horizontal absorbance differences in the dark state light control devices 10 of Test Examples 3 to 7 and 9 to 11 were all 0.1 or more.
- the horizontal absorbance differences in the dark state light control devices 10 of Test Examples 12, 13, and 15 were all 0.2% or more and 0.5% or less.
- the contrasts of the light control devices 10 from Test Example 1 to Test Example 11 were all 1.5 or more and 2.3 or less. In addition, the contrast in the light control device 10 in the dark state of Test Example 1 and Test Example 2 was 1.5. On the other hand, the contrasts of the light control devices 10 in the dark state in Test Examples 3 to 11 all had values of 2.0 or more and 2.3 or less. On the other hand, the contrasts of the light control devices 10 of Test Examples 12 to 15 were all 3.4 or more and 4.5 or less.
- the total light transmittance of the light control device 10 in the bright state in Test Examples 21 to 37 was 4% or more and 32% or less.
- the total light transmittance of the dimming device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 21 to Test Example 23 was 7% or more and 10% or less.
- the total light transmittance of the dimming device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 24 to Test Example 37 was 0.4% or more and 3.6% or less.
- the diffused transmittance of the light control device 10 in the dark state of Test Examples 21 to 23 was all 6.9% or more.
- the diffused transmittance of the light control device 10 in the dark state of Test Examples 24 to 37 was all 6% or less, and was a value of 0.4% or more and 3.2% or less.
- the diffused transmittance of the dimming device 10 in the dark state of Test Examples 27 to 30 and Test Examples 32 to 37 was 0.4% or more and 0.9% or less.
- the parallel light transmittance of the dimming device 10 in the dark state of Test Example 21 was 2%.
- the parallel light transmittances of the light control devices 10 in the dark state in Test Examples 22 to 37 were all 0.0% or more and 1.0% or less.
- the parallel light transmittances of the dimming devices 10 in the dark state from Test Example 23 to Test Example 37 were all 0.0% or more and less than 1.0%.
- the parallel light transmittance in the dark state dimmer 10 of Test Examples 23 to 25, Test Example 30, and Test Example 31 is 0.2% or more, and Test Examples 26 to 29,
- the parallel light transmittance of the light control device 10 in the dark state of Test Examples 32 to 37 was 0.0% or more and 0.1% or less.
- the haze in the dimming device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 21 to Test Example 37 was a value of 78% or more and 96% or less.
- the clarity of the light control device 10 in the dark state from Test Example 21 to Test Example 37 was a value of 25% or more and 88% or less.
- the contrast which is the ratio of the total light transmittance in the bright state to the total light transmittance in the bright state, was significantly increased. That is, it was found that the contrast was significantly increased when the parallel light transmittance in the light control device 10 in the dark state was 2% or less.
- the parallel light transmittance when it is required to increase the contrast, it is preferable that the parallel line transmittance is 1% or less, and more preferably that the parallel line transmittance is 0.2% or less. Preferably, the parallel light transmittance is more preferably 0.1% or less.
- the contrast may become significantly large. Admitted. That is, in the light control device 10 equipped with a reverse type light control sheet, it was recognized that the contrast can be significantly increased by setting the total light transmittance in the dark state to 7% or less.
- the contrast sharply increases when the total light transmittance is 3.6% or less.
- the contrast becomes larger, and when the total light transmittance is 0.7% or less, In some cases, even greater contrast was observed. That is, in the light control device 10 equipped with a normal type light control sheet, when it is required to increase the contrast, it is preferable that the total light transmittance is 3.6% or less, and the total light transmittance is 2.6% or less. It is more preferable that the total light transmittance is 5% or less, and even more preferable that the total light transmittance is 0.7% or less.
- the contrast becomes significantly large. It was done. That is, in the light control device 10 equipped with a reverse type light control sheet, it was recognized that the contrast can be significantly increased by having a total light transmittance of 6% or less in a dark state.
- the diffuse transmittance is 3.2% or less, the contrast was significantly increased. Further, in the light control device 10 equipped with a normal type light control sheet, when the diffuse transmittance is 2.3% or less, the contrast becomes larger, and when the diffuse transmittance is 0.6% or less , it was observed that the contrast was even greater. That is, in the light control device 10 equipped with a normal type light control sheet, when it is required to increase the contrast, it is preferable that the diffuse transmittance is 3.2% or less, and the diffuse transmittance is 2.3%.
- the diffusion transmittance is more preferably 0.6% or less, and even more preferably 0.6% or less.
- test Examples 1 to 15 show that the dependence of contrast on diffuse transmittance is sufficiently larger than the dependence of contrast on parallel line transmittance. It was done. That is, it was found that promoting scattering of straight transmitted light in the light control sheet increases light absorption by the dichroic dye DP and accelerates improvement in contrast.
- the probability that the contrast will be increased to 4 or more in the light control device 10 in which two light control sheets are stacked is It was also recognized that it could be improved.
- the average absorbance difference of one light control sheet is 0.4 or more and the diffuse transmittance is 16% or less, the contrast can be increased to 4 or more in the light control device 10 in which two light control sheets are stacked. It was also recognized that the accuracy of
- the absorbance in the dark state (when opaque) to the light state (when transparent) is calculated.
- the light and dark absorbance difference which is the value obtained by subtracting the absorbance, was calculated.
- it is the ratio of the absorbance in the dark state (opaque) to the absorbance in the bright state (transparent). The light/dark absorbance ratio was calculated.
- the light and dark absorbance differences of the light control devices 10 of Test Examples 1 to 15 and Test Examples 21 to 37 were values of 0.15 or more and 1.4 or less, respectively.
- the contrast gradually increases within the range of 1 or more and less than 4. An increasing trend was observed. That is, it was observed that in a range where the light-dark absorbance difference was 0.15 or more and less than 0.6, the increase in contrast was small regardless of the increase in the light-dark absorbance difference.
- the contrast tends to increase sharply within the range of 4 or more and 15 or less.
- the light-dark absorbance difference exceeds 1.2, it was observed that the contrast was significantly increased.
- the contrast could be significantly increased when the difference in absorbance between light and dark was 0.6 or more. It has been found that when further improvement in contrast is required, it is preferable that the difference in light and dark absorbance is 1.2 or more.
- the difference in light and dark absorbance is preferably 0.6 or more and 1.2 or less.
- the light/dark absorbance ratios of the light control devices 10 of Test Examples 1 to 15 and Test Examples 21 to 24 were values of 1.9 or more and 2.2 or less, respectively. Further, the higher the absorbance in the dark state of the test example, the higher the light-dark absorbance ratio was obtained. At this time, in the evaluation of test examples where the light-dark absorbance ratio is 1.9 or more and less than 2.1, the contrast becomes steeper in the range of 1 or more and less than 4, while the light-dark absorbance ratio increases from 1.9. An increasing trend was observed.
- the contrast tends to gradually increase within the range of 4 or more and 5 or less.
- the light-dark absorbance ratio of the light control device 10 of the light control device 10 of Test Example 25 to Test Example 37 was a value of 3.0 or more and 3.5 or less, respectively.
- the effects described below can be obtained.
- (1-1) Whether it is the light control device 10 of the first example or the light control device 10 of the second example, the transmittance of the parallel component of the total light that passes through the reverse type light control sheet is 2% or less. In some cases, the contrast of the dimming device 10 is increased.
- (11-2) When the light control device 10 satisfies condition 1-2, most of the total light that passes through the light control device 10 is a diffuse component. Therefore, the degree of turbidity is increased in the light control device 10 when the light is opaque, thereby making it possible to blur the image of the object.
- condition 1-3 When the light control device 10 satisfies condition 1-3, both the parallel component and the diffused component in the total light beam passing through the light control device 10 are reduced. This further increases the contrast of the light control device 10 and makes it possible to further blur the image of the object.
- condition 1-4 When the light control device 10 satisfies the condition 1-4, the transmittance of the diffuse component is particularly reduced in all the light that passes through the light control device 10. This further increases the contrast of the light control device 10 and also makes it possible to deepen the color tone of the light control device 10.
- each light control sheet constituting the light control device 10 of the second example is 79% or more, it is possible to greatly increase the contrast in the light control device 10.
- condition 2-1 If the configuration satisfies condition 2-1 or satisfies at least one of conditions 2-2 to 2-6 in addition to satisfying condition 2-2, then (2-1) , the feasibility of obtaining an effect similar to (2-2) increases.
- the absorbance difference of one light control sheet is 0.8 Even if the difference in absorbance is less than 0.8, a light control device with an absorbance difference of 0.8 or more can be constructed by overlapping two or more light control sheets.
- the difference in absorbance of the light control device 10 can be determined by increasing the volume density of the cavity 21D while maintaining the size of the cavity 21D, or by increasing the volume density of the cavity 21D to a size that is large enough to cause scattering while maintaining the volume density of the cavity 21D. It can be increased by increasing the size.
- the transparent polymer layer is composed of two or more transparent polymer layers 21P, it is also possible to provide each transparent polymer layer 21P with a separate configuration for making the absorbance difference 0.8 or more. .
- the light control sheet is A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye; a transparent polymer layer having voids, the voids being filled with the liquid crystal composition; A light control device that reversibly changes from transparent to opaque by changing the orientation of the liquid crystal compound, A light control device characterized in that a light-dark absorbance difference, which is a value obtained by subtracting the absorbance of the light control device when the light control device is transparent from the absorbance of the light control device when the light control device is opaque, is 0.6 or more.
- the light control sheet is A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye; a transparent polymer layer having voids, the voids being filled with the liquid crystal composition; A light control device that reversibly changes from transparent to opaque by changing the orientation of the liquid crystal compound, A light-dark absorbance ratio, which is a ratio of the absorbance of the light control device when the light control device is transparent to the absorbance of the light control device when the light control device is transparent, is 2.1 or more.
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Abstract
Description
調光装置10を構成する調光シートは、車両および航空機などの移動体が備える窓に取り付けられてもよい。調光シートは、住宅、駅、空港などの各種の建物が備える窓、オフィスに設置されたパーティション、店舗に設置されたショーウインドウ、および、映像を投影するスクリーンなどに取り付けられてもよい。調光シートの形状は、平面状であってもよいし、曲面状であってもよい。
[第1例の調光装置10]
図1が示すように、第1例の調光装置10は、1つの調光部11と、1つの駆動部12とを備える。調光部11は、1つのリバース型の調光シートを備える。1つの調光シートは、調光層21、第1配向層22、第2配向層23、第1透明電極層24、および第2透明電極層25を備える。調光層21の厚さ方向において、第1配向層22と第2配向層23とは、調光層21を挟む。調光層21は、第1配向層22と第2配向層23との間に位置する。調光層21は、第1配向層22と第2配向層23とに接する。調光層21の厚さ方向において、第1透明電極層24と第2透明電極層25とは、一対の配向層22,23を挟む。調光層21は、第1透明電極層24と第2透明電極層25との間に位置する。第1透明電極層24は、第1配向層22に接する。第2透明電極層25は、第2配向層23に接する。調光シートは、第1透明電極層24を支持する第1透明基材26、および、第2透明電極層25を支持する第2透明基材27を備える。
図2が示すように、第2例の調光装置10は、1つの調光部11と、2つの駆動部12と、を備える。調光部11は、2つのリバース型の調光シートを備える。1つの調光シートは、調光層21、第1配向層22、第2配向層23、第1透明電極層24、および第2透明電極層25を備える。調光層21の厚さ方向において、第1配向層22と第2配向層23とは、調光層21を挟む。調光層21は、第1配向層22と第2配向層23との間に位置する。調光層21は、第1配向層22と第2配向層23とに接する。調光層21の厚さ方向において、第1透明電極層24と第2透明電極層25とは、一対の配向層22,23を挟む。調光層21は、透明電極層間24,25の間に位置する。第1透明電極層24は、第1配向層22に接する。第2透明電極層25は、第2配向層23に接する。調光シートは、第1透明電極層24を支持する第1透明基材26を備える。調光シートは、第2透明電極層25を支持する第2透明基材27を備える。
第1調光ユニット11UN1は、第2調光ユニット11UN2と同様の構造を有する。第2調光ユニット11UN2の第2透明基材27は、第1調光ユニット11UN1の第1透明基材26に重なっている。第2調光ユニット11UN2の第2透明基材27は、第1調光ユニット11UN1の第1透明基材26に光学用透明粘着剤を介して接着されている。複数の調光ユニット11UNから構成される調光装置10は、1つの調光ユニット11UNから構成される調光装置10と比べて、調光装置10に入る光の光路長を調光装置10において長くする。
2つの駆動部12は、第1調光ユニット11UN1と、第2調光ユニット11UN2と、を別々に不透明としてもよい。2つの駆動部12は、第1調光ユニット11UN1と、第2調光ユニット11UN2と、を別々に透明としてもよい。
1つの駆動部12は、第1調光ユニット11UN1と、第2調光ユニット11UN2と、を別々に不透明としてもよい。1つの駆動部12は、第1調光ユニット11UN1と、第2調光ユニット11UN2と、を別々に透明としてもよい。
第1例、および第2例の調光装置10が備える調光シートを以下に説明する。
図3が示すように、調光層21は、透明高分子層21Pと、液晶組成物21LCと、を備える。透明高分子層21Pは、可視光を透過する光透過性を有する。透明高分子層21Pは、多数の空隙21Dを備える。透明高分子層21Pは、重合性組成物の硬化体である。透明高分子層21Pは、光硬化性化合物の硬化体でもよいし、熱硬化性化合物の硬化体でもよい。液晶組成物21LCは、空隙21Dの内部を埋める。
二色性色素DPは、ポリヨウ素、アゾ化合物、アントラキノン化合物、ナフトキノン化合物、アゾメチン化合物、テトラジン化合物、キノフタロン化合物、メロシアニン化合物、ペリレン化合物、ジオキサジン化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種でもよい。二色性色素DPは、一種の化合物、あるいは二種以上の化合物の組み合わせである。耐光性を高めること、および、二色比を高めることが要求される場合、二色性色素DPは、アゾ化合物およびアントラキノン化合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であり、よりが好ましくはアゾ化合物である。
スペーサーは、ビーズスペーサーでもよいし、フォトレジストの露光および現像によって形成されるフォトスペーサーでもよい。スペーサーは、無色透明でもよいし、有色透明でもよい。調光シートの不透明時にスペーサーの視認性を抑えること、あるいは調光シートの不透明時に呈する色の明度を抑えることが要求される場合、スペーサーの呈する色は、調光シートの不透明時に呈する色と同色でもよいし、二色性色素DPの呈する色と同色でもよい。
配向層22,23は、垂直配向層でもよい。垂直配向層が加える配向規制力は、配向層22,23のなかで調光層21に接する面に対して垂直であるように、液晶化合物LCMの長軸方向を配向させる。配向層22,23は、液晶化合物LCMの長軸が透明電極層24,25に対して実質的に垂直であると判断される範囲において、長軸が垂直に対して数度傾くように液晶化合物LCMを配向させてもよい。配向層22,23の厚さは、0.02μm以上0.5μm以下でもよいし、0.05μm以上0.3μm以下でもよい。
調光装置10の調光層21は、2つの透明電極層24,25の間の電圧変化によって、液晶化合物LCMの配向を変える。液晶化合物LCMの配向変化は、調光層21に入る可視光の散乱度合い、吸収度合い、および透過度合いを変える。可視光の散乱は、調光層21に濁った状態、すなわち不透明、あるいは半透明を与える。可視光の散乱、および吸収は、調光層21に暗い不透明、あるいは暗い半透明を与える。
配向規制力が作用し続けるリバース型の調光シートは、配向規制力が作用しない調光シートに比べて、液晶化合物LCMのランダム配向を得にくい。ランダム配向を得にくいリバース型の調光シートは、ランダム配向を得やすい調光シートに比べて、コントラストを高めにくい。
このため、リバース型の調光シートは、コントラストを高めることを、ノーマル型の調光シートや配向層22,23を備えない調光シートよりも強く要望される。
(条件1-2)調光装置10における暗状態である不透明時のヘイズが96%以上である。
(条件1-3)調光装置10における暗状態である不透明時の全光線透過率が7%以下である。
(条件1-4)調光装置10における暗状態である不透明時の拡散透過率が6%以下である。
(条件1-6)調光シートにおける不透明時の全光線透過率が3.6%以下である。
(条件1-7)調光シートにおける不透明時の拡散透過率が3.2%以下である。
第2例の調光装置10における各調光シートは、下記条件2-2に代えて、あるいは下記条件2-2と共に、下記条件2-8を満たしてもよい。
(条件2-2)各調光シートにおける不透明時の吸光度から液晶組成物21LCの平均吸光度を差し引いた値である吸光度差が0.4以上である。
(条件2-3)各調光シートにおける不透明時の全光線透過率が25%以下である。
(条件2-4)各調光シートにおける不透明時の拡散透過率が16%以下である。
(条件2-5)各調光シートにおける不透明時の平行線透過率が5%以下である。
(条件2-6)各調光シートにおける不透明時のクラリティが95%以下である。
(条件2-8)各調光シートにおける不透明時の吸光度から液晶組成物21LCの水平吸光度を差し引いた値である吸光度差が0.1以上である。
調光装置10の調光シートがリバース型である場合、調光装置10の調光シートは、下記条件3-3に代えて、下記条件3-8を満たしてもよい。
(条件3-2)調光装置10における暗状態である不透明時のヘイズが96%以上である。
(条件3-3)調光装置10における暗状態である不透明時の吸光度から液晶組成物21LCの平均吸光度を差し引いた値である吸光度差が0.9以上である。
(条件3-4)調光装置10における暗状態である不透明時の全光線透過率が7%以下である。
(条件3-5)調光装置10における暗状態である不透明時の拡散透過率が6%以下である。
(条件3-6)調光装置10における暗状態である不透明時の平行線透過率が2%以下である。
(条件3-7)調光装置10における暗状態である不透明時のクラリティが80%以下である。
(条件3-8)調光装置10における暗状態である不透明時の吸光度から液晶組成物21LCの水平吸光度を差し引いた値である吸光度差が0.3以上である。
100×(LR-LC)/(LR+LC) … 式(1)
吸光度は、JIS K 0115:2004に準拠した吸光光度計を用いる測定方法によって得られる。吸光光度計の光源部は、380nm以上780nm以下の可視光を照射する白色LEDである。吸光光度計の測光部は、380nm以上780nm以下の可視光全域にわたる光強度を検出する。
図3、4では、図示の便宜上、透明基材26,27の図示が省略されている。図3、4では、調光層21の構造を説明する便宜上、各配向層22,23の厚さ、および各透明電極層24,25の厚さに対する調光層21の厚さの比が、実際の比よりも大きい。図3、4には、透明電極層24,25の間に電位差が生じていない状態での調光層21の状態が模式的に示されている。
調光シートの製造は、まず、透明電極層24,25を形成された透明基材26,27が準備される。次に、透明電極層24,25に配向層22,23が形成される。次に、配向層22,23に塗液が塗布される。塗液は、透明高分子層21Pを形成するための重合性組成物、液晶化合物LCM、および、二色性色素DPを含む。重合性組成物は、紫外線の照射によって重合可能なモノマー、オリゴマー、あるいはポリマーである。次に、透明電極層24,25を通して塗液に紫外線が照射される。これによって、空隙21Dを有した透明高分子層21Pが形成され、かつ空隙21Dに液晶化合物LCM、および二色性色素DPが保持される。
調光シートの具体的な試験例を以下に示す。
試験例1から試験例10の調光シートの型式は、リバース型である。試験例1から試験例10の調光シートは、配向層22,23、透明電極層24,25、および透明基材26,27を備える。試験例1から試験例10の調光シートは、配向層22,23の間に、液晶化合物LCM、二色性色素DP、反応性メソゲン化合物、紫外線硬化性化合物、スペーサー21S、および重合開始剤を含む塗膜を形成し、塗膜のなかで紫外線硬化性化合物を重合させることによって得られた。
(b)透明電極層24,25:酸化インジウムスズ
(c)透明基材26,27 :ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム
(d)スペーサー21S :シリカ製の真球状粒子
(e)液晶化合物LCM :フッ素系液晶化合物
(f)重合開始剤 :光重合開始剤(Irgacure Oxe04:BASF社製)
(g)重合性組成物 :イソボニルアクリレートと、ペンタエリスリトールトリアクリレートと、ウレタンアクリレートとの混合物
(h)二色性色素DP :アゾ系化合物混合色素(製品名Irgaphor Black X12 DC、BASF社製)
試験例1の調光シートを製造するための塗液に対する材料(e)から材料(h)の配合比を以下に示す。
(f)重合開始剤 :1質量%
(g)重合性組成物 :49質量%
(h)二色性色素DP :2質量%
試験例1と同様の製造方法によって、試験例2の調光シートを得た。
[試験例3]
スペーサー21Sの粒径を8μmに変更し、かつ試験例1の塗液を用い、紫外線の積算光量を780mJ/cm2に変更したこと以外は、試験例1の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが8μmである試験例3の調光シートを得た。
試験例3と同様の製造方法によって、試験例4の調光シートを得た。
[試験例5]
試験例5の調光シートを製造するための塗液に対する材料(e)から材料(h)の配合比を以下に示す。
(f)重合開始剤 :1質量%
(g)重合性組成物 :45質量%
(h)二色性色素DP :2質量%
試験例5と同様の製造方法によって、試験例6の調光シートを得た。
[試験例7]
スペーサー21Sの粒径を8μmに変更し、かつ試験例1の塗液を用い、紫外線の積算光量を920mJ/cm2に変更したこと以外は、試験例1の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが8μmである試験例7の調光シートを得た。
スペーサー21Sの粒径を8μmに変更し、かつ試験例1の塗液を用い、紫外線の積算光量を1380mJ/cm2に変更したこと以外は、試験例1の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが8μmである試験例8の調光シートを得た。
試験例5の塗液を用い、かつ紫外線の積算光量を840mJ/cm2に変更したこと以外は、試験例5の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが8μmである試験例9の調光シートを得た。
試験例5の塗液を用い、かつ紫外線の積算光量を800mJ/cm2に変更したこと以外は、試験例5の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが8μmである試験例10の調光シートを得た。
試験例1の調光シートに試験例2の調光シートを積み重ねて接合し、これによって試験例11の調光装置10を得た。この際、光学用透明粘着剤を用い、試験例1の調光シートに試験例2の調光シートを貼り付けた。
試験例3の調光シートに試験例4の調光シートを積み重ねて接合し、これによって試験例12の調光装置10を得た。この際、光学用透明粘着剤を用い、試験例3の調光シートに試験例4の調光シートを貼り付けた。
試験例5の調光シートに試験例6の調光シートを積み重ねて接合し、これによって試験例13の調光装置10を得た。この際、光学用透明粘着剤を用い、試験例5の調光シートに試験例6の調光シートを貼り付けた。
試験例7の調光シートに試験例8の調光シートを積み重ねて接合し、これによって試験例14の調光装置10を得た。この際、光学用透明粘着剤を用い、試験例7の調光シートに試験例8の調光シートを貼り付けた。
試験例9の調光シートに試験例10の調光シートを積み重ねて接合し、これによって試験例15の調光装置10を得た。この際、光学用透明粘着剤を用い、試験例9の調光シートに試験例10の調光シートを貼り付けた。
試験例21の調光シートを製造するための塗液に対する材料(e)から材料(h)の配合比を以下に示す。
(f)重合開始剤 :1質量%
(g)重合性組成物 :40質量%
(h)二色性色素DP :2.2質量%
配向層22,23にラビング処理を施したこと以外は、試験例21の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが15μmである試験例22の調光シートを得た。
試験例21の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが15μmである試験例23の調光シートを得た。
試験例22の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが15μmである試験例24の調光シートを得た。
試験例25の調光シートを製造するための塗液に対する材料(e)から材料(h)の配合比を以下に示す。
(e)液晶化合物LCM :55質量%
(f)重合開始剤 :1質量%
(g)重合性組成物 :39質量%
(h)二色性色素DP :3.0質量%
試験例25の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが15μmである試験例26から試験例29の調光シートを得た。
二色性色素DPの配合比を4.0質量%に変更し、重合性組成物を38質量%にしたこと以外は、試験例25の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが15μmである試験例30から試験例31の調光シートを得た。
二色性色素DPの配合比を5.0質量%に変更し、重合性組成物を37質量%にしたこと以外は、試験例25の製造方法と同様にして、調光層21の厚さが15μmである試験例32から試験例37の調光シートを得た。
試験例1から試験例10、試験例21から試験例37の調光装置10のそれぞれについて、ASTM D 1003-00に準拠した測定方法によって、全光線透過率、拡散透過率、平行線透過率、ヘイズ、およびクラリティを測定した。
試験例1から試験例37までの調光装置10を評価した結果を各試験例の構成と共に図5、および図6に示す。
試験例21から試験例23までの暗状態の調光装置10における全光線透過率は、いずれも7%以上10%以下であった。これに対して、試験例24から試験例37までの暗状態の調光装置10における全光線透過率は、いずれも0.4%以上3.6%以下であった。
図11が示すように、リバース型の調光シートを備えた調光装置10において、クラリティが80%以下である場合に、クラリティが80%を超える場合に比べて、コントラストが高められることが認められた。
試験例1から試験例10、試験例21から試験例37までの調光装置10のそれぞれについて、JIS K 0115:2004に準拠した測定方法によって、380nm以上780nm以下の可視光に対する明状態(透明時)の吸光度を測定した。試験例11から試験例15までの調光装置10のそれぞれについて、JIS K 0115:2004に準拠した測定方法によって、380nm以上780nm以下の可視光に対する明状態の吸光度を測定した。
(1-1)第1例の調光装置10であれ、第2例の調光装置10であれ、リバース型の調光シートを透過する全光線のうち平行成分の透過率が2%以下である場合、調光装置10のコントラストが高まる。
(1-2)調光装置10が条件1-2を満たす場合、調光装置10を透過する全光線の多くが拡散成分である。このため、不透明時の調光装置10において濁り度合いが高められ、これによって物体の像をぼやかすことが可能である。
(1-4)調光装置10が条件1-4を満たす場合、調光装置10を透過する全光線において拡散成分の透過率が特に低められる。これにより、調光装置10のコントラストがさらに高まると共に、調光装置10における色味を深めることが可能にもなる。
(3-2)条件3-1を満たすことに加え、条件3-4から条件3-7の少なくとも1つを満たす構成であれば、上記(3-1)に準じた効果を得ることの実行性が高まる。
(4-2)調光装置10の明暗吸光度差が0.6以上1.2以下である場合、調光装置10のコントラストの向上に加えて、調光装置10の面内におけるコントラストの均一化が図られる。
(4-3)調光装置10の明暗吸光度比が2.1以上である場合、調光装置10における高いコントラストを安定させられる。
[付記1]
透明な状態と不透明な状態とに可逆的に変わる調光シートを備え、
前記調光シートが、
液晶化合物と二色性色素とを含有する液晶組成物と、
空隙を有し、前記空隙が前記液晶組成物に埋められる透明高分子層と、を備え、
前記液晶化合物の配向変更で透明から不透明に可逆的に変わる調光装置であって、
前記調光装置における前記不透明時の吸光度から前記調光装置における前記透明時の吸光度を差し引いた値である明暗吸光度差が0.6以上である
ことを特徴とする調光装置。
透明な状態と不透明な状態とに可逆的に変わる調光シートを備え、
前記調光シートが、
液晶化合物と二色性色素とを含有する液晶組成物と、
空隙を有し、前記空隙が前記液晶組成物に埋められる透明高分子層と、を備え、
前記液晶化合物の配向変更で透明から不透明に可逆的に変わる調光装置であって、
前記調光装置における前記透明時の吸光度に対する前記調光装置における前記不透明時の吸光度の比である明暗吸光度比が2.1以上である
ことを特徴とする調光装置。
10…調光装置
11…調光シート
11UN1…第1調光ユニット
11UN2…第2調光ユニット
21…調光層
21D…空隙
21L…透明高分子層
21LC…液晶組成物
22…第1配向層
23…第2配向層
24…第1透明電極層
25…第2透明電極層
26…第1透明基材
27…第2透明基材
Claims (10)
- 透明な状態と不透明な状態とに可逆的に変わる2つの調光シートを備え、
1つの前記調光シートが他の前記調光シートに重ねられ、かつ各調光シートが同時に不透明である状態を有する調光装置であって、
前記調光シートは、
空隙を有する透明高分子層と、
液晶化合物と二色性色素とを含有し、かつ前記空隙を埋める液晶組成物と、を備え、
前記調光シートにおける前記不透明時の吸光度から前記液晶組成物の平均吸光度を差し引いた値である吸光度差が0.4以上であり、
前記平均吸光度は、前記液晶組成物の水平配向時の吸光度と前記液晶組成物の垂直配向時の吸光度との平均値であり、
前記水平配向時の吸光度は、前記液晶化合物と前記二色性色素とを含有する液晶組成物を厚さが6μmの水平配向用のセルに入れることによって得られた吸光度であり、
前記垂直配向時の吸光度は、前記液晶化合物と前記二色性色素とを含有する液晶組成物を厚さが6μmの垂直配向用のセルに入れることによって得られた吸光度である
ことを特徴とする調光装置。 - 透明な状態と不透明な状態とに可逆的に変わる2つの調光シートを備え、
1つの前記調光シートが他の前記調光シートに重ねられ、かつ各調光シートが同時に不透明である状態を有する調光装置であって、
前記調光シートは、
空隙を有する透明高分子層と、
液晶化合物と二色性色素とを含有し、かつ前記空隙を埋める液晶組成物と、を備え、
前記調光シートにおける前記不透明時の吸光度から前記液晶組成物の水平吸光度を差し引いた値である吸光度差が0.1以上であり、
前記水平吸光度は、前記液晶組成物の水平配向時の吸光度であり、
前記水平配向時の吸光度は、前記液晶化合物と前記二色性色素とを含有する液晶組成物を厚さが6μmの水平配向用のセルに入れることによって得られた吸光度である
ことを特徴とする調光装置。 - 透明な状態と不透明な状態とに可逆的に変わる調光シートを備え、
前記調光シートが、
液晶化合物と二色性色素とを含有する液晶組成物と、
空隙を有し、前記空隙が前記液晶組成物に埋められる透明高分子層と、を備え、
前記液晶化合物の配向変更で透明から不透明に可逆的に変わる調光装置であって、
前記調光装置における前記不透明時の吸光度から前記液晶組成物の平均吸光度を差し引いた値である吸光度差が0.8以上であり、
前記平均吸光度は、前記液晶組成物の水平配向時の吸光度と前記液晶組成物の垂直配向時の吸光度との平均値であり、
前記水平配向時の吸光度は、前記液晶化合物と前記二色性色素とを含有する液晶組成物を厚さが6μmの水平配向用のセルに入れることによって得られた吸光度であり、
前記垂直配向時の吸光度は、前記液晶化合物と前記二色性色素とを含有する液晶組成物を厚さが6μmの垂直配向用のセルに入れることによって得られた吸光度である
ことを特徴とする調光装置。 - 前記調光シートにおける前記不透明時の拡散透過率が16%以下である
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の調光装置。 - 前記調光シートにおける前記不透明時の平行線透過率が5%以下である
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の調光装置。 - 前記調光シートにおける前記不透明時の平行線透過率が2%以下である
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の調光装置。 - 前記調光シートにおける前記不透明時のヘイズが79%以上である
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の調光装置。 - 前記調光シートにおける前記不透明時の全光線透過率が25%以下である
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の調光装置。 - 前記調光シートにおける前記不透明時のクラリティが95%以下である
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の調光装置。 - 前記調光シートは、
第1透明電極層と、
第2透明電極層と、
前記第1透明電極層と前記透明高分子層との間に位置する第1配向層と、
前記第2透明電極層と前記透明高分子層との間に位置する第2配向層と、を備え、
前記透明高分子層と前記液晶組成物とを備える調光層の厚さが10μm以下である、
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の調光装置。
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| JP2022-065201 | 2022-04-11 | ||
| JP2022065201A JP7815955B2 (ja) | 2022-04-11 | 2022-04-11 | 調光シート |
| JP2022065199A JP7260030B1 (ja) | 2022-04-11 | 2022-04-11 | 調光装置 |
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| WO2024214699A1 (ja) * | 2023-04-11 | 2024-10-17 | Toppanホールディングス株式会社 | 調光装置 |
| WO2025244011A1 (ja) * | 2024-05-23 | 2025-11-27 | Toppanホールディングス株式会社 | 調光装置及び調光モジュール |
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| JP2000347223A (ja) * | 1999-04-02 | 2000-12-15 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 液晶調光体 |
| JP2020027210A (ja) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-02-20 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 意匠材及びこれに用いられる積層型高分子分散型液晶素子の製造方法 |
| JP2020148808A (ja) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-09-17 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光フィルム及び調光装置 |
| CN112130358A (zh) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-12-25 | 珠海市绮光科技有限公司 | 一种可变多彩色的液晶调光膜 |
| WO2021045083A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-11 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光部材 |
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| JPH11279558A (ja) * | 1998-01-27 | 1999-10-12 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | ポリマー分散型液晶組成物及び該組成物を有する液晶表示素子 |
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| JP2000347223A (ja) * | 1999-04-02 | 2000-12-15 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 液晶調光体 |
| JP2020027210A (ja) * | 2018-08-15 | 2020-02-20 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 意匠材及びこれに用いられる積層型高分子分散型液晶素子の製造方法 |
| JP2020148808A (ja) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-09-17 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光フィルム及び調光装置 |
| WO2021045083A1 (ja) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-03-11 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 調光部材 |
| CN112130358A (zh) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-12-25 | 珠海市绮光科技有限公司 | 一种可变多彩色的液晶调光膜 |
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Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024214699A1 (ja) * | 2023-04-11 | 2024-10-17 | Toppanホールディングス株式会社 | 調光装置 |
| WO2025244011A1 (ja) * | 2024-05-23 | 2025-11-27 | Toppanホールディングス株式会社 | 調光装置及び調光モジュール |
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| US20250035999A1 (en) | 2025-01-30 |
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