WO2023204612A1 - 배터리 제어 장치 및 배터리 제어 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 제어 장치 및 배터리 제어 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023204612A1 WO2023204612A1 PCT/KR2023/005332 KR2023005332W WO2023204612A1 WO 2023204612 A1 WO2023204612 A1 WO 2023204612A1 KR 2023005332 W KR2023005332 W KR 2023005332W WO 2023204612 A1 WO2023204612 A1 WO 2023204612A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/875—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
- H02J7/82—Control of state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/92—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with prioritisation of loads or sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/933—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/96—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage in response to battery voltage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2105/30—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles
- H02J2105/33—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles
- H02J2105/37—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery control device and method, and more specifically, during a multi-stage charging procedure in which the size of the charging current changes at least once according to the state of charge (SOC) of the battery.
- SOC state of charge
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for controlling a charging procedure using a multi-stage charging protocol so that a battery can be charged with high efficiency while suppressing lithium precipitation with one temporary discharge period.
- lithium batteries have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, so they can be freely charged and discharged, and have a very high self-discharge rate. It is attracting attention due to its low and high energy density.
- lithium plating Li-plating
- Li-plating a phenomenon in which lithium is deposited on the surface of the cathode.
- lithium When lithium is deposited on the surface of the cathode, it causes side reactions with the electrolyte and changes in the kinetic balance of the battery, causing battery deterioration.
- lithium precipitates on the surface of the cathode the possibility of internal short circuit of the battery increases, causing risks such as ignition and explosion.
- lithium plating on the cathode surface of the battery is accelerated compared to slow charging, which may reduce charging efficiency and battery durability.
- the present invention was devised to solve the above problems.
- a temporary discharge procedure is performed between two adjacent charging stages, thereby reducing the amount of lithium precipitation.
- the purpose is to provide a battery control device and method that can remove at least a portion of lithium that has already precipitated.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery control device and method for compensating for the decrease in state of charge (SOC) caused by the temporary discharge procedure by adjusting the charging rate in the constant current charging procedure following the temporary discharge procedure. do.
- SOC state of charge
- a battery control device includes a measuring unit configured to measure the voltage of a battery and output a voltage measurement value representing the measured voltage, a first charging rate, and a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate. a second charging rate used in another constant current charging procedure, and a first reference SOC associated with the first charging rate - the first reference SOC is used in advance to prevent lithium precipitation in the battery in a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate. It includes a memory that stores multi-stage charging protocol data including a predetermined value, and a processor that identifies the SOC of the battery based on the voltage measurement value received from the measurement unit.
- the processor performs a temporary discharge procedure, and based on the discharge information of the temporary discharge procedure, It may be configured to determine an adjusted second charging rate that is different from the second charging rate, and, after completion of the temporary discharge procedure, proceed with a constant current charging procedure using the adjusted second charging rate.
- the processor may be configured to determine the adjusted second charging rate based on the amount of change in SOC of the battery during the temporary discharge procedure included in the discharge information.
- the processor may be configured to determine the adjusted second charging rate to be greater than the second charging rate to compensate for the change in SOC of the battery according to the temporary discharge procedure.
- the memory may further store a second reference SOC associated with the second charging rate, wherein the second reference SOC is a predetermined value to prevent lithium precipitation of the battery in a constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate.
- the processor may be configured to determine the adjusted second charging rate further based on the first reference SOC, the second reference SOC, and the second charging rate.
- the processor When the processor immediately proceeds with the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate from the point when the SOC of the battery reaches the first reference SOC while the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate is in progress, the processor The SOC may be configured to calculate a reference time expected to be required for the SOC to reach the second reference SOC from the first reference SOC.
- the processor determines the SOC of the battery by (i) the time length of the temporary discharge procedure included in the discharge information and (ii) a constant current charging procedure using the adjusted second charging rate immediately from the end of the temporary discharge procedure. may be configured to determine the adjusted second charging rate such that the sum of times required to reach the second reference SOC is equal to the reference time.
- the processor may be configured to determine the length of time of the temporary discharge procedure to have a continuous or discrete negative correlation with the degree of use of the battery.
- the processor is proportional to the sum of the difference between the first reference SOC and the second reference SOC and the amount of change in SOC due to the temporary discharge procedure, and the time length of the temporary discharge procedure included in the reference time and the discharge information. and determine the adjusted second charging rate to be inversely proportional to the difference.
- the processor may be configured to perform the temporary discharge procedure so that the battery is discharged with a constant current of less than or equal to the first charge rate.
- the processor may be configured to determine the magnitude of the constant current for the temporary discharge procedure to have a continuous or discrete negative correlation with the degree of use of the battery.
- the processor determines whether the temporary discharge procedure needs to be performed based on the usage level of the battery, and when it is determined that the temporary discharge procedure needs to be performed, if the SOC of the battery reaches the first reference SOC.
- the temporary discharge procedure is performed and it is determined that the temporary discharge procedure is unnecessary, and the SOC of the battery reaches the first reference SOC, the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate is performed without proceeding with the temporary discharge procedure. It can be configured to proceed.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include the battery control device.
- An electric vehicle may include the battery control device.
- a battery control method is executed by a battery control device, and while a constant current charging procedure using a first charging rate is in progress, the battery control method is identified based on a voltage measurement value representing the measured voltage of the battery.
- the SOC of the battery reaches a first reference SOC associated with the first charge rate—the first reference SOC is a predetermined value to prevent lithium precipitation of the battery in a constant current charging procedure using the first charge rate—temporary Proceeding with a discharging procedure, based on the discharging information of the temporary discharging procedure, determining an adjusted second charging rate that is different from the second charging rate used in another constant current charging procedure following the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate. and, after completion of the temporary discharge procedure, performing a constant current charging procedure using the adjusted second charging rate.
- At least a portion of the lithium deposited inside the battery can be removed by performing at least one temporary discharge procedure while the battery is being charged according to a multi-stage charging protocol, and the resulting This can improve charging efficiency.
- the temporary discharge procedure may proceed between two charging stages adjacent to each other.
- the charging rate in the constant current charging procedure following the temporary discharging procedure is adjusted to compensate for the amount of decrease in the state of charge (SOC) caused by the temporary discharging procedure, thereby reducing the temporary discharge. Prolongation of the overall charging time due to the period can be suppressed.
- SOC state of charge
- the lifespan of the battery can be improved by adjusting at least one of the size of the discharge current in the temporary discharge procedure and the time length of the temporary discharge procedure according to the degree of use of the battery. You can.
- FIG. 1 shows a battery control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 exemplarily shows lithium precipitation while the battery is charging.
- Figure 3a is a graph showing the cathode voltage according to SOC during the battery charging process according to the multi-stage charging protocol.
- FIG. 3B shows an enlarged view of the second section of FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4A is a graph showing negative voltage according to SOC during the process of charging a battery by a processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4b is a graph showing dV/dQ of the cathode according to SOC during the process of charging the battery by the processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4C is an enlarged view of a specific area of FIG. 4B.
- Figure 5 is a flowchart schematically showing a battery control method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a flowchart schematically showing a battery control method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a flowchart schematically showing a battery control method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a battery control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery control device 100 may include a measurement unit 110, a memory 120, and a processor 130.
- the measuring unit 110 may measure at least one of the voltage and current of the battery.
- the measuring unit 110 may be configured to measure the voltage across both ends of the battery during the battery charging or discharging process.
- the battery has a negative terminal and a positive terminal, and may mean a single physically separable independent cell, or a battery module in which two or more cells are connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel.
- a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery.
- the battery will be described as meaning one independent cell.
- the voltage of the battery measured by the measuring unit 110 may be at least one of an open circuit voltage (OCV) of the battery or a load voltage measured when a load is connected to the battery.
- OCV open circuit voltage
- the measurement unit 110 may employ various voltage measurement techniques known at the time of filing of the present invention.
- the measuring unit 110 may include a voltage sensor known at the time of filing of the present invention.
- a voltage sensor already provided in the battery pack may be used as the measuring unit 110 according to the present invention.
- the measuring unit 110 may be configured to measure the current flowing through the battery during the battery charging or discharging process.
- the measuring unit 110 can measure the voltage applied across the shunt resistance when current flows and convert the measured voltage into current using Ohm's law.
- the measuring unit 110 may include another known current sensor, such as a Hall sensor, and may measure current using the current sensor.
- Memory 120 may be configured to store programs required to perform a multi-stage charging procedure for a battery, including multi-stage charging protocol data.
- the multi-stage charging protocol means that the magnitude of the constant current changes at least once in at least a portion of the entire SOC range from SOC (state of charge) indicating a fully discharged state of the battery to SOC indicating a fully charged state. This is the charging procedure.
- the charging rate used for charging in each sub-SOC range (which may be referred to as a 'stage') is It may refer to a predetermined charging procedure.
- SOC which indicates a fully discharged state
- SOC is usually set to 0%, but may be preset to a value greater than 0% for the purpose of extending the life of the battery.
- SOC which indicates a fully charged state
- SOC is typically set to 100%, but may be preset to a value less than 100% for the purpose of extending the life of the battery.
- the multi-stage charging protocol data includes a first charging rate, a second charging rate used in another constant current charging procedure following a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate, and a first reference SOC associated with the first charging rate.
- the first reference SOC is a predetermined value to prevent lithium precipitation in the battery in a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- the memory 120 may store at least one reference SOC.
- the standard SOC can be referred to as the SOC in which lithium is expected to be deposited on the negative electrode of the battery when the battery is charged at a predetermined charging rate (current rate or C-rate).
- the reference SOC is two. That is, the number of reference SOCs previously stored in the memory 120 may be smaller than the number of constant current charging procedures included in the multi-stage charging procedure by 1.
- the memory 120 may store information about the SOC of the battery, in which lithium is deposited on the negative electrode of the battery, based on the charging rate.
- the SOC at which lithium precipitation occurs on the negative electrode of the battery may vary depending on the size of the constant current, that is, the charging rate. For example, the higher the charging rate used for constant current charging, the smaller the SOC at which lithium precipitation occurs can be. In this way, through a charging process for a battery designed to have the same characteristics as the battery to be controlled in advance, information on the charging rate and the SOC in which lithium is deposited according to the charging rate can be obtained experimentally in advance.
- Each reference SOC stored in memory 120 represents the relationship between the charge rate obtained as described above and the lithium precipitation SOC (reference SOC).
- the memory 120 may store curve data and/or a lookup table representing the relationship between the charging rate and the reference SOC.
- the multi-stage charging procedure includes a constant current charging procedure using a first charging rate followed by a constant current charging procedure using a second charging rate.
- the memory 120 may store the first reference SOC.
- the first reference SOC serves as an end condition for the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate, that is, a standard for converting the magnitude of the constant current used in the constant current charging procedure from the first charging rate to the adjusted second charging rate.
- the first standard SOC may be a limit at which lithium precipitation does not occur on the negative electrode of the battery or the amount of lithium precipitation falls below a certain amount during constant current charging using the first charging rate from the time the SOC of the battery is less than the first standard SOC. That is, lithium precipitation in the battery may begin when the SOC of the battery reaches the first standard SOC due to constant current charging using the first charging rate, or the amount of lithium precipitation may be greater than a certain amount due to constant current charging using the first charging rate.
- the multi-stage charging procedure further includes a constant current charging procedure using a third charging rate followed by a constant current charging procedure using a second charging rate.
- the memory 120 may further store the second reference SOC.
- the second standard SOC serves as a standard by which the magnitude of the constant current used in the constant current charging procedure is converted from the second charging rate to the third charging rate.
- the second standard SOC may be a limit at which lithium precipitation does not occur on the negative electrode of the battery or the amount of lithium precipitation falls below a certain amount during constant current charging using the third charging rate after constant current charging using the second charging rate is completed.
- the memory 120 may store data or programs required for each component of the battery control device 100 to perform operations and functions, or data generated in the process of performing operations and functions.
- Memory 120 may be internal or external to processor 130 and may be connected to processor 300 by various well-known means.
- the memory 120 may store at least one program, application, data, or instructions executed by the processor 130.
- the memory 120 is not particularly limited in its type as long as it is a known information storage means capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data.
- the memory 120 includes a flash memory type, a hard disk type, a solid state disk (SSD) type, a solid disk drive (SDD) type, a multimedia card micro type, random access memory (RAM), and SRAM ( It may be implemented with at least one of Static RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), and PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), but the present invention is not necessarily limited to the specific form of the memory 120. It doesn't work. Additionally, the memory 120 may store program codes in which processes executable by the processor 130 are defined.
- the processor 130 may receive the battery voltage measurement value from the measurement unit 110.
- the processor 130 may receive the battery voltage value from the measurement unit 110 in real time or periodically at regular time intervals.
- the processor 130 may identify the current SOC (latest SOC) of the battery based on the voltage measurements received while the multi-stage charging procedure for the battery is in progress. That is, the processor 130 can monitor the SOC of the battery in real time at predetermined time intervals during the multi-stage charging procedure.
- Processor 130 may identify the current SOC of the battery in a variety of ways.
- the memory 120 further includes first mapping information that maps the SOC corresponding to the voltage measurement value (e.g., OCV), and the processor 130 receives the voltage measurement value from the measurement unit 110.
- the memory 120 can be accessed to read the SOC corresponding to the received voltage measurement.
- the memory 120 stores a formula (e.g., ampere counting, extended Kalman filter) for calculating the SOC of the battery based on at least one of the voltage measurement value and the current measurement value output by the measurement unit 110.
- the processor 130 may calculate the SOC through a formula stored in the memory 120.
- the processor 130 may use an equivalent circuit model of the battery to identify the open circuit voltage of the battery according to the voltage measurement value.
- the memory 120 further includes second mapping information that maps the SOC corresponding to the open circuit voltage of the battery, and the processor 130 accesses the memory 120 to read the SOC corresponding to the open circuit voltage. You can.
- processor 130 may identify the current SOC of the battery using an extended Kalman filter stored in memory 120.
- the extended Kalman filter is an algorithm based on an equivalent circuit model or an electrochemical ROM (reduced order model) and is widely known in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, so a detailed description will be omitted.
- the measurement unit 110 may calculate the SOC change amount by integrating the measured value of the current applied over time while the battery is charging, and add the calculated SOC change amount to the initial SOC to identify the SOC of the battery.
- the processor 130 may receive the voltage measurement value of the battery from the measurement unit 110, obtain the SOC corresponding to the received voltage measurement value, and identify the obtained SOC as the current SOC of the battery.
- the processor 130 may be configured to perform a temporary discharge procedure for discharging the battery for a specified time when the SOC of the battery reaches the first reference SOC during constant current charging using the first charging rate. That is, a temporary discharge period exists between the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate and the constant current charging procedure using the adjusted second charging rate described later.
- the processor 130 may recognize that the battery has reached the first reference SOC by identifying the latest value of the SOC of the battery in real time or at predetermined time intervals while the battery is being charged at the first charging rate. While the battery is being charged at the first charge rate, the processor 130 may acquire the first reference SOC stored in the memory 120 and compare the first reference SOC with the SOC of the battery in real time or at regular time intervals.
- the processor 130 may be configured to discharge the battery for a specified time. For example, when the SOC of the battery reaches 70%, which is the first standard SOC, during the constant current charging process using the first charging rate, the processor 130 stops charging and charges the battery for a certain period of time (e.g., 6 seconds). It may be configured to discharge. At this time, the battery may be discharged with a constant current having a predetermined size.
- the processor 130 may be configured to perform a constant current charging procedure using a second charging rate adjusted to be different from the original second charging rate after the battery is discharged for the specified time.
- Figure 2 exemplarily shows lithium precipitation while the battery is charging.
- the processor 130 may be configured to charge the battery according to a multi-stage charging procedure. As described above, when the SOC of the battery reaches the first reference SOC during the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate, lithium may be deposited on the surface of the negative electrode. Referring to the first example diagram 210, when a battery deteriorated for various reasons reaches the first reference SOC in the constant current charging process using the first charging rate, some metallic lithium has already been deposited on the negative electrode surface of the battery. You can check it.
- the processor 130 may be configured to discharge the battery that has reached the first reference SOC for a specified time by a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate Referring to the second example diagram 220, as the battery is temporarily discharged between the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate and the constant current charging procedure using the adjusted second charging rate, the hysteresis accumulated by the charging current is reversed. It is shown that it is resolved by the discharge current, and the lithium precipitated on the surface of the negative electrode of the battery is removed. In other words, the progress of lithium precipitation, which was intensified in the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate, is resolved or at least slowed down through the temporary discharge procedure. Accordingly, the charging efficiency and safety of the battery can be improved compared to the conventional method of starting the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate immediately after the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- Discharge information of the temporary discharge procedure may be stored in the memory 120.
- the discharge information includes at least one of the time length of the temporary discharge procedure, the size of the constant current used for discharge, and the amount of SOC change due to discharge.
- the processor 130 may be configured to charge the battery at a second charging rate that is different from the first charging rate after the temporary discharge procedure associated with the second example diagram 220 is terminated.
- the second charging rate eg, 1.5C
- the first charging rate eg, 2.5C.
- the charging rate used in each constant current charging procedure included in the multi-stage charging procedure can be appropriately preset according to various conditions, such as the type or specifications of the battery and the specifications of the device in which the battery is used.
- the amount of lithium deposited on the negative electrode when the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate starts is shown to be reduced compared to that shown in the first illustration 210.
- the processor 130 charges the battery at a second charging rate that is smaller than the first charging rate, so that another charging procedure following the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate is performed.
- the amount of lithium precipitation occurring during the process can be reduced or the lithium precipitation rate can be reduced.
- the lithium deposited when charging the battery can be removed.
- the processor 130 discharges the battery for a specified time during the battery charging operation to alleviate hysteresis caused by the charging current and remove at least a portion of the lithium that has already precipitated, so that the battery charge amount can be predicted more accurately and easily. It can be.
- the processor 130 is operatively connected to other components of the battery control device 100 and can control various operations of the battery control device 100.
- the processor 130 may perform various operations of the battery control device 100 by executing one or more instructions stored in the memory 120.
- the processor 130 optionally includes a processor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), chipset, logic circuit, register, communication modem, data processing device, etc. known in the art to execute various control logics performed in the present invention. can do.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- the processor 130 may be implemented as a set of program modules. At this time, the program module may be stored in the memory 120 and executed by the processor 130.
- the battery pack may include a control device referred to by terms such as a micro controller unit (MCU) or a battery management system (BMS).
- the processor 130 may be implemented by components such as an MCU or BMS included in such a general battery pack.
- the second charging rate is adjusted instead of the second charging rate for constant current charging in the SOC range above the first reference SOC.
- a second charging rate may be used.
- the processor 130 performs a constant current charging procedure that is started on the condition that the temporary discharge procedure ends, based on the amount of change (deterioration) in the SOC value of the battery due to the temporary discharge performed from the time the SOC of the battery reaches the first reference SOC.
- the adjusted second charging rate to be used can be determined. This will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B.
- Figure 3a is a graph showing the cathode voltage according to SOC during the battery charging process according to the multi-stage charging protocol.
- FIG. 3B shows an enlarged view of the second section of FIG. 3A.
- the first section P1 may correspond to a section in which the battery is charged at the first charging rate under the control of the processor 130.
- the second section (P2) is a constant current that the processor 130 has a fixed or determined size by the processor 130 for at least part of the time between the first section (P1) and the third section (P3). It can respond to the section where is discharged.
- the third section P3 may correspond to a section in which the battery is charged at an adjusted second charging rate that is lower than the first charging rate under the control of the processor 130.
- a predetermined amount of time is set between the end time of the first section (P1) and the start time of the second section (P2) and/or between the end time of the second section (P2) and the start time of the third section (P3).
- the magnitude of the constant current in the temporary discharge procedure may be less than or equal to the first charging rate and greater than or equal to the magnitude of the adjusted second charging rate.
- the first charging rate may be 1C
- the adjusted second charging rate may be 0.8C
- the magnitude of the constant current in the temporary discharge procedure may be 0.9C, but this is an example and is not interpreted as limiting.
- the processor 130 obtains from the memory 120 a first reference SOC at which lithium is deposited when charging the battery at the first charging rate, and The battery can be charged up to the standard SOC.
- the first reference SOC may be 46%.
- the processor 130 may charge the battery at a first charging rate from any SOC where the SOC of the battery is smaller than the first reference SOC until it reaches the first reference SOC.
- the processor 130 may stop the charging operation and allow the battery to be discharged for a specified time.
- the battery is discharged for a designated time, so that at least a portion of the lithium that has already precipitated due to deterioration due to use or a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate can be removed.
- 'delta SOC' may represent the SOC (amount of change in SOC) changed due to discharge in the second section (P2).
- the processor 130 may discharge the battery for a specified time with a constant current having the same magnitude as the first charge rate in the second section P2. For example, when the first charging rate is 0.5C, the magnitude of the constant current used for discharging in the second section P2 may also be 0.5C.
- the processor 130 when discharging the battery with a constant current of the same magnitude as the charging rate of the first section (P1) for the second section (P2), the processor 130 easily changes the amount of change in SOC in the second section (P2). It can be calculated.
- the processor 130 charges the battery at a value greater than the first charge rate in order to quickly alleviate the precursor symptoms of lithium precipitation that intensified in the constant current charging procedure using the first charge rate, considering the deterioration of the battery. may be discharged.
- the SOC of the battery decreases due to the discharging procedure in the second section (P2).
- the amount of change in SOC of the battery in the second section (P2) can be derived using Equation 1 below.
- delta SOC is the amount of change in SOC when the battery is discharged for t1 at a specified constant current.
- the processor 130 may charge the battery at an adjusted second charging rate that is different from the first charging rate after discharging the battery. At this time, the processor 130 adjusts the original second charge rate based on the change in the SOC value of the battery (estimate of the amount of SOC decline according to Equation 1) according to the temporary discharge procedure, thereby adjusting the adjusted second charge rate. It can be configured to decide. For example, the processor 130 may charge the SOC of the battery up to the second reference SOC at the adjusted second charging rate during the third period P3, while compensating for the reduced SOC due to discharge of the battery. .
- the processor 130 may be configured to identify the amount of change in the SOC value of the battery after discharging the battery and determine the adjusted second charging rate so that the identified change in SOC can be compensated.
- the processor 130 may control the battery charging process according to a preset charging schedule (charging order according to a multi-stage charging protocol).
- the processor 130 may charge the battery to correspond to a preset charging schedule while compensating for the change in SOC due to discharge in the second section P2 of the battery.
- the processor 130 may determine a second charging rate adjusted to correspond to a preset charging time based on a predetermined charging schedule. For example, the time it will take until charging ends may be determined in advance according to a predetermined charging schedule.
- the processor 130 has the time required for discharging and adjusts the second charging rate so that the time required for charging to the second reference SOC is the same as the time required according to a predetermined charging schedule (no temporary discharging procedure). can be decided. Accordingly, the processor 130 can relieve the lithium precipitation phenomenon (remove at least part of the lithium) by discharging the battery for a specified time while charging the battery without increasing the overall charging time, thereby improving the charging efficiency of the battery. You can.
- Charging the battery with a preset charging schedule means charging the battery at the first charging rate until the battery SOC reaches the first reference SOC, and from the first reference SOC to the second reference SOC without a temporary discharge procedure. This may mean charging the battery at the second charging rate.
- the memory 120 may store a second reference SOC from which lithium is expected to be deposited when charging at a second charging rate to correspond to a preset charging schedule.
- the memory 120 may store the second reference SOC together with the first reference SOC in which lithium is expected to be deposited on the negative electrode of the battery when charging at a first charge rate in accordance with a preset charging schedule.
- the first reference SOC and the second reference SOC are pre-stored in the memory 120, and the processor 130 can access the memory 120 to obtain the first reference SOC and the second reference SOC.
- the processor 130 charges the battery at 2.5C, and when the SOC of the battery reaches 46%, the processor 130 immediately changes the charging rate to charge at 1.5C, so that the SOC of the battery reaches 62.1%.
- 2.5C may correspond to the first charging rate
- 46% may correspond to the first reference SOC
- 1.5C may correspond to the second charging rate
- 62.1% may correspond to the second reference SOC.
- the processor identifies the second reference SOC and, when charging the battery at the second charging rate, calculates a reference time expected to be taken for the SOC of the battery to reach the second reference SOC from the first reference SOC. It can be configured to do so.
- the processor 130 charges the battery at a specific charging rate (second charging rate, etc.) using Equation 2 below, based on information about the reference SOC obtained from the memory 120. The required time can be derived.
- Equation 2 b1 means the charging rate, and c1 means the SOC change amount.
- t2 derived by Equation 2 means the time it takes for the SOC of the battery to increase by c1 when charging the battery at a charging rate of b1.
- the unit of t2 is illustrated as minute. That is, according to Equation 2, if the processor 130 charges the battery at the second charging rate of 1.5C immediately after the SOC of the battery reaches 46%, the first standard SOC, according to a preset charging schedule, the first 2 It can be expected that it will take approximately 6.44 minutes to reach the standard SOC of 62.1%. Here, the calculated 6.64 minutes can be the reference time.
- the processor 130 determines that the remaining charging time required for the SOC (less than the first reference SOC) of the battery at the end of the second section (P2), that is, the temporary discharge procedure, to reach the second reference SOC is set to the above reference point.
- the adjusted second charging rate can be determined to correspond to (match) time. That is, the processor 130 determines that the sum of the time length of the temporary discharge procedure performed at the end of the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate and the time required for the constant current charging procedure using the adjusted second charging rate is the first charging rate.
- the constant current charging procedure using the original second charging rate is started immediately without discharging until the battery's SOC reaches the second reference SOC.
- the adjusted second charging rate may be determined so that it is not longer than the required time.
- the processor 130 is based on (i) the difference between the first reference SOC and the second reference SOC, (ii) the amount of change in SOC during the second section (P2), and (iii) the time length of the temporary discharge procedure. , and may be configured to determine the adjusted second charging rate to correspond to (equal to) the reference time. That is, the adjusted second charging rate may be proportional to the sum of the difference between the first reference SOC and the second reference SOC and the amount of change in SOC due to discharge, and may be inversely proportional to the difference between the reference time and the specified time.
- the processor 130 needs to charge the battery by 16.1% for 6.44 minutes when charging the battery at the second charging rate according to a preset charging schedule (no temporary discharge period exists).
- the adjusted second charge rate may be determined to compensate for the SOC value (e.g., approximately 0.347%) reduced by the transient discharge procedure. That is, the processor 130 is configured to charge the battery by 16.447% (16.1% + 0.347%) in about 6.357 minutes (6.44 minutes - 0.083 minutes) in order to compensate for the decreased SOC in the second section (P2).
- the adjusted second charging rate which is a constant current value, may be determined.
- the processor 130 may determine the adjusted second charging rate to be about 1.552C using Equation 2. Therefore, even if a temporary discharge section according to the second section (P2) is added after the constant current charging procedure according to the first charging rate is completed according to the present invention, the battery SOC reaches the second reference SOC from the time it reaches the first reference SOC.
- the advantage is that the total charging time up to the point of charging can be maintained at substantially the same level.
- the processor 130 may be configured to determine the adjusted second charging rate to have a value that is smaller than the first charging rate and larger than the second charging rate.
- the processor 130 may change the charging rate two or more times depending on the type of load using the battery. Specifically, when the battery control device 100 according to the present invention is applied to an electric vehicle, the processor 130 may change the charging rate more than 10 times by compensating for the change in SOC due to discharge described above.
- the battery may deteriorate and the amount of lithium deposited on the negative electrode may increase.
- the standard SOC stored in the memory 120 is data based on the battery in its initial state, when the standard SOC is applied to a deteriorated battery, charging efficiency is bound to be lower than that of a new battery. For example, if the battery deteriorates to a certain extent, lithium precipitation may already begin to occur at a SOC that is smaller than the first reference SOC even if the battery is charged at a constant current at the first charge rate. Therefore, when the battery charging schedule is set using a standard SOC based on the initial state (new state) of the battery, an error may occur in the amount of charge actually charged to the battery.
- the actual charge amount of the battery can be accurately predicted by performing a discharging operation during charging to remove lithium.
- the processor 130 allows the battery to be discharged on the condition that the first reference SOC is reached, so that lithium deposited in the constant current charging procedure using the first charge rate can be removed as quickly as possible, and thus the battery's Charging efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 4A is a graph showing negative voltage according to SOC during the process of charging a battery by a processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4b is a graph showing dV/dQ of the cathode according to SOC during the process of charging the battery by the processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4C is an enlarged view of the specific region R1 of FIG. 4B.
- the X-axis of the first graph in FIG. 4A represents the SOC of the battery, and the Y-axis represents the negative voltage of the battery.
- the X-axis represents the SOC of the battery and the Y-axis represents dV/dQ of the negative electrode of the battery.
- the processor 130 can charge the battery at a charging rate of 2.5C until the SOC of the battery reaches 46%. If processor 130 recognizes that the battery's current SOC corresponds to 46%, it may discharge the battery for the specified time described above.
- the processor 130 may discharge the battery for the specified time with a constant current equal to the first charge rate. According to this, the processor 130 can easily calculate the amount of change in SOC due to discharge over the specified time.
- the processor 130 may compensate for the SOC value that changes depending on the discharging time and determine a second charging rate adjusted to correspond to the charging time according to a predetermined charging schedule.
- the processor 130 can immediately charge the battery to 1.552C upon completion of the temporary discharge procedure.
- the second graph in FIG. 4B is a differential curve obtained by taking differentiation with respect to the curve of the first graph, that is, a graph in which the cathode voltage is differentiated with respect to SOC (or capacity Q).
- the specific area (R1) illustrates the dV/dQ of the negative pole of the battery in the SOC range preset in the multi-stage charging protocol so that the constant current charging procedure using the adjusted second charging rate proceeds.
- a rapidly changing point (R2) corresponding to a point (e.g., minimum point, maximum point) where the tendency (slope) of the graph's diagram changes rapidly is plotted. It is done.
- the sudden change point (R2) may correspond to a point where lithium is deposited on the negative electrode and the dV/dQ of the negative electrode changes rapidly.
- the processor 130 may be configured to identify this sudden change point (R2). At this time, in order to identify the sudden change point R2, the processor 130 may access the memory 120 to read related data or perform related equations or calculation processes.
- the processor 130 may recognize the dV/dQ of the cathode at predetermined time intervals while the battery is being charged.
- the processor 130 may identify a tendency for dV/dQ values to change based on the recognized dV/dQ.
- the processor 130 may identify a point where the amount of change in dV/dQ is sharp. For example, the processor 130 may obtain information representing dV/dQ at predetermined time intervals and calculate the amount of change from the previous dV/dQ.
- the processor 130 detects a specific point as a sudden change point (R2) where the dV/dQ value decreases with a change amount greater than the threshold than the previous dV/dQ value, and then increases while the dV/dQ value has a change amount greater than the threshold value. You can.
- the sudden change point (R2) is associated with the SOC where the above-described sudden change in dV/dQ occurs due to lithium precipitating on the cathode.
- the sudden change point (R2) goes through a constant current charging and temporary discharging procedure using the first charging rate, and performs constant current charging at the adjusted second charging rate determined to compensate for the decrease in SOC due to the progress of the temporary discharging procedure.
- This is the SOC in which lithium is precipitated from the negative electrode of the battery during operation.
- the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate is performed without the temporary discharge procedure, lithium precipitation occurs, which is higher than the predetermined second standard SOC (e.g., 62.1%). It could be SOC.
- the processor 130 performs multi-stage charging so that at the end of the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate, a temporary isolation procedure and a constant current charging procedure using the adjusted second charging rate are performed instead of the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate.
- a temporary isolation procedure and a constant current charging procedure using the adjusted second charging rate are performed instead of the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate.
- the processor 130 recognizes the usage level of the battery (e.g., number of charge/discharge cycles, capacity maintenance rate) using various known battery state detection algorithms, and determines the battery discharge time based on the recognized usage level.
- the length of can be determined. For example, as the battery deteriorates due to repeated use, the amount of lithium deposited on the battery's negative electrode may increase. As the amount of precipitated lithium increases, it is necessary to increase the length of time in the second section (P2) during which the battery is discharged.
- the processor 130 When the processor 130 recognizes that the battery usage level (e.g., number of charge/discharge cycles, degree of deterioration) is greater than the threshold, the processor 130 sets the time length of the temporary discharge procedure to a time longer than the set time (e.g., 5 seconds) (e.g., 6 seconds). seconds) can be determined. Alternatively, if the processor 130 recognizes that the usage level of the battery is less than the standard, the time length of the temporary discharge procedure may be determined to be the same as or shorter than the set time (e.g., 5 seconds) (4 seconds).
- the set time e.g., 5 seconds
- the processor 130 increases the discharge time of the battery and discharges the battery for 6 seconds, and if the number of charge/discharge cycles of the battery is less than the threshold, the time length of the temporary discharge procedure is set to a set time. It can be determined as 5 seconds corresponding to .
- the battery while the battery is being charged, the battery is discharged for a specified time, charging is resumed at a charging rate that can compensate for the change in SOC due to discharge, and charging of the battery is completed to correspond to the preset charging schedule. It can be. Additionally, according to this implementation configuration of the present invention, the SOC of the battery can be more accurately predicted as the precipitated lithium is removed. In addition, the accuracy of charging efficiency and SOC prediction can be further improved by controlling the discharge time according to the degree of battery degradation.
- the battery control device 100 according to the present invention can be applied to a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the battery control device 100 according to the present invention described above.
- the battery pack according to the present invention in addition to the battery control device 100 according to the present invention, includes components typically included in a battery pack, such as one or more batteries, a battery management system (BMS), a current sensor, a relay, and a fuse. , pack cases, etc. may be further included.
- the secondary battery included in the battery pack may be the object controlled by the battery control device 100 according to the present invention, that is, the target battery.
- at least some components of the battery control device 100 according to the present invention may be implemented with conventional components included in a battery pack.
- the measuring unit 110 of the battery control device 100 according to the present invention may be implemented by a voltage sensor included in the battery pack.
- the processor 130 of the battery control device 100 according to the present invention may be implemented by the BMS included in the battery pack.
- the battery control device 100 according to the present invention can be applied to electric vehicles. That is, the electric vehicle according to the present invention may include the battery control device 100 according to the present invention described above. In particular, in the case of electric vehicles, since the battery pack is a very important component as a driving source, the battery control device 100 according to the present invention can be more usefully applied.
- the electric vehicle according to the present invention may further include other various devices, such as a vehicle body, a vehicle control unit such as an ECU, a motor, a connection terminal, a DC-DC converter, etc., in addition to the battery control device 100. .
- the electric vehicle according to the present invention can further employ components typically included in electric vehicles.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart schematically showing a battery control method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the method of FIG. 5 may be executed in response to the battery control device 100 receiving a message notifying the start of a charging procedure for the battery from an external charger or discharger.
- the subject of each step may be each component of the battery control device 100 according to the present invention described above. For convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the SOC of the battery at the time the method of FIG. 5 is initiated is less than the first reference SOC.
- step S510 the processor 130 performs a constant current charging procedure using a first charging rate.
- the processor 130 may request the external charger/discharger to supply a charging current corresponding to the first charging rate.
- step S520 the processor 130 determines whether the SOC of the battery, which is determined based on the voltage measurement value representing the voltage of the battery received from the measurement unit 110, has reached the first reference SOC.
- the voltage measurement value of the battery may be measured periodically or at designated time intervals through the measurement unit 110 while the battery is being charged at the first charging rate.
- the first reference SOC is a predetermined value to prevent lithium precipitation on the negative electrode of the battery when the battery undergoes a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- the first reference SOC is such that when constant current charging is continued at the first charge rate from when the battery SOC is lower than the first reference SOC, lithium precipitation begins to occur at the negative electrode of the battery or the severity of lithium precipitation increases to a certain level. It may be an expected or predetermined SOC value.
- step S520 If the value of step S520 is “Yes,” the process proceeds to step S530. If the value of step S520 is “No,” the processor 130 returns to step S510 and continues the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- step S530 the processor 130 performs a temporary discharge procedure. That is, in step S530, the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate is converted to a temporary discharging procedure.
- the transient discharge procedure may proceed with a constant current of a specified magnitude for a specified period of time. That is, the battery is discharged between the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate and the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate. As the battery discharges, at least some of the lithium deposited on the battery's negative electrode may be removed.
- step S540 the processor 130 performs a constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate. That is, in step S540, the temporary discharging procedure is converted to a constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate.
- step S550 the processor 130 determines whether the SOC of the battery has reached the second reference SOC. If the value of step S540 is “Yes,” the method of FIG. 5 may end. If the value of step S550 is “No”, the processor 130 returns to step S540 and continues the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart schematically showing a battery control method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the method of FIG. 6 may be executed in response to the battery control device 100 receiving a message notifying the start of a charging procedure for the battery from an external charger or discharger.
- the subject of each step may be each component of the battery control device 100 according to the present invention described above. For convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the SOC of the battery at the time the method of FIG. 6 is initiated is less than the first reference SOC.
- step S610 the processor 130 performs a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- step S620 the processor 130 determines whether the SOC of the battery, which is determined based on the voltage measurement value representing the voltage of the battery received from the measurement unit 110, has reached the first reference SOC.
- the voltage measurement value of the battery may be measured periodically or at designated time intervals through the measurement unit 110 while the battery is being charged at the first charging rate.
- the first reference SOC is a predetermined value to prevent lithium precipitation on the negative electrode of the battery when the battery undergoes a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- the first reference SOC is such that when constant current charging is continued at the first charge rate from when the battery SOC is lower than the first reference SOC, lithium precipitation begins to occur at the negative electrode of the battery or the severity of lithium precipitation increases to a certain level. It may be an expected or predetermined SOC value.
- step S620 If the value of step S620 is "Yes”, the process proceeds to step S624. If the value of step S620 is “No,” the processor 130 returns to step S610 and continues the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- step S624 the processor 130 determines whether it is necessary to proceed with a temporary discharge procedure for the battery.
- the processor 130 may determine the need to proceed with a temporary discharging procedure based on the usage level of the battery. For example, if the battery usage level is greater than or equal to the threshold, the value of step S624 may be output as “Yes,” and otherwise, the value of step S624 may be output as “No.” If the value of step S624 is “Yes,” the process proceeds to step S630. If the value of step S624 is “No”, the process may proceed to step S640.
- the processor 130 determines (i) the time length of the temporary discharge procedure to have a continuous or discrete negative correlation with the degree of use of the battery; and (ii) determining the magnitude of the constant current for the temporary discharge procedure to have a continuous or discrete negative correlation with the degree of use of the battery. That is, as the degree of use of the battery increases (i.e., as the battery deteriorates), the time length of the temporary discharge procedure and the magnitude of the constant current (discharge current) decrease continuously or discretely.
- the negative correlation may be defined as a predetermined function that inputs the degree of battery use and outputs at least one of the time length of the temporary discharge procedure and the size of the discharge current.
- the current shock applied to the battery i.e. the difference between the magnitude of the first charge rate and the discharge current
- the level of current shock i.e. the difference between the magnitude of the discharge current and the adjusted second charge rate
- step S630 the processor 130 performs a temporary discharge procedure.
- the processor 130 may request an external charger/discharger to flow a discharge current to the battery according to the discharge information of the temporary discharge procedure.
- step S640 the processor 130 performs a constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate.
- step S650 the processor 130 determines whether the SOC of the battery has reached the second reference SOC. If the value of step S640 is “Yes,” the method of FIG. 6 may end. If the value of step S650 is “No”, the processor 130 returns to step S640 and continues the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate.
- the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 6 is different in that the temporary discharge procedure can be selectively performed depending on the degree of use of the battery.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart schematically showing a battery control method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the method of FIG. 7 may be executed in response to the battery control device 100 receiving a message notifying the start of a charging procedure for the battery from an external charger or discharger.
- the subject of each step may be each component of the battery control device 100 according to the present invention described above. For convenience of explanation, it is assumed that the SOC of the battery at the time the method of FIG. 7 is started is less than the first reference SOC.
- step S710 the processor 130 performs a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- step S720 the processor 130 determines whether the SOC of the battery, which is determined based on the voltage measurement value representing the voltage of the battery received from the measurement unit 110, has reached the first reference SOC.
- the voltage measurement value of the battery may be measured periodically or at designated time intervals through the measurement unit 110 while the battery is being charged at the first charging rate.
- the first reference SOC is a predetermined value to prevent lithium precipitation on the negative electrode of the battery when the battery undergoes a constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- the first reference SOC is such that when constant current charging is continued at the first charge rate from when the battery SOC is lower than the first reference SOC, lithium precipitation begins to occur at the negative electrode of the battery or the severity of lithium precipitation increases to a certain level. It may be an expected or predetermined SOC value.
- step S720 If the value of step S720 is "Yes”, the process proceeds to step S724. If the value of step S720 is “No,” the processor 130 returns to step S710 and continues the constant current charging procedure using the first charging rate.
- step S724 the processor 130 determines whether it is necessary to proceed with a temporary discharge procedure for the battery.
- the processor 130 may determine the need to proceed with a temporary discharging procedure based on the usage level of the battery. For example, if the battery usage level is greater than or equal to the threshold, the value of step S724 may be output as “Yes,” and otherwise, the value of step S724 may be output as “No.” If the value of step S724 is "Yes”, the process proceeds to step S726. If the value of step S724 is “No”, the process may proceed to step S742.
- step S726 the processor 130 determines the adjusted second charging rate based on the discharge information of the temporary discharge procedure (see Equation 2).
- the adjusted second charging rate is different from the original second charging rate according to the multi-stage charging protocol data.
- step S730 the processor 130 performs a temporary discharge procedure.
- step S740 the processor 130 performs a constant current charging procedure using the adjusted second charging rate (determined in step S726).
- step S742 the processor 130 performs a constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate.
- step S750 the processor 130 determines whether the SOC of the battery has reached the second reference SOC. If the value of step S740 is “Yes,” the method of FIG. 7 may end. If the value of step S750 is “No,” the processor 130 returns to step S740 or step S740 and continues the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate.
- the processor 130 determines whether the SOC of the battery has reached the second reference SOC. If the value of step S740 is “Yes,” the method of FIG. 7 may end. If the value of step S750 is “No,” the processor 130 returns to step S740 or step S740 and continues the constant current charging procedure using the second charging rate.
- the value of step S724 is determined to be "Yes” and the value of step S750 is determined to be "No”
- it returns to step S740 whereas if the values of step S724 and step S750 are both determined to be "No” You can return to step S742.
- the SOC of the battery is terminated when it reaches the second reference SOC, but this is only an example. If the multi-stage fidelity procedure includes three or more constant current charging procedures, additional constant current charging procedures or constant voltage charging procedures may proceed subsequently.
- the original second charge procedure included in the multi-stage charging protocol data is performed. It is different in that instead of the charging rate, a constant current charging procedure is performed using the adjusted second charging rate.
- the embodiments of the present invention described above are not only implemented through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes the function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded.
- the implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
- 배터리의 전압을 측정하여, 상기 측정된 전압을 나타내는 전압 측정값을 출력하도록 구성된 측정부;제1 충전율, 상기 제1 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차에 후속하는 다른 정전류 충전 절차에 이용되는 제2 충전율, 및 상기 제1 충전율에 연관된 제1 기준 SOC - 상기 제1 기준 SOC는 상기 제1 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차에서 상기 배터리의 리튬 석출을 방지하기 위해 미리 정해진 값임 - 을 포함하는 멀티 스테이지 충전 프로토콜 데이터를 저장하는 메모리; 및상기 측정부로부터 수신되는 상기 전압 측정값에 기반하여 상기 배터리의 SOC를 식별하는 프로세서;를 포함하되,상기 프로세서는,상기 제1 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차가 진행되는 중 상기 배터리의 SOC가 상기 제1 기준 SOC에 도달하는 경우, 일시적 방전 절차를 진행하고,상기 일시적 방전 절차의 방전 정보를 기초로, 상기 제2 충전율과는 상이한 조정된 제2 충전율을 결정하고,상기 일시적 방전 절차의 종료 후, 상기 조정된 제2 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차를 진행하도록 구성되는 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 방전 정보에 포함된 상기 일시적 방전 절차가 진행되는 동안의 상기 배터리의 SOC 변화량에 기반하여, 상기 조정된 제2 충전율을 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 일시적 방전 절차에 따른 상기 배터리의 SOC 변화량을 보상하기 위해, 상기 제2 충전율보다 크도록 상기 조정된 제2 충전율을 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 메모리는,상기 제2 충전율에 연관된 제2 기준 SOC - 상기 제2 기준 SOC는 상기 제2 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차에서 상기 배터리의 리튬 석출을 방지하기 위해 미리 정해진 값임- 를 더 저장하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 제1 기준 SOC, 상기 제2 기준 SOC 및 상기 제2 충전율에 더 기초하여, 상기 조정된 제2 충전율을 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 제1 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차가 진행되는 중 상기 배터리의 SOC가 상기 제1 기준 SOC에 도달한 시점부터 즉시 상기 제2 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차를 진행할 경우에, 상기 배터리의 SOC가 상기 제1 기준 SOC로부터 상기 제2 기준 SOC에 도달하기까지 소요될 것으로 예상되는 기준 시간을 연산하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,(i)상기 방전 정보에 포함된 상기 일시적 방전 절차의 시간 길이와 (ii)상기 일시적 방전 절차의 종료 시점부터 즉시 상기 조정된 제2 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차에 의해 상기 배터리의 SOC가 상기 제2 기준 SOC에 도달하는 데에 필요한 시간의 합이 상기 기준 시간과 동일하도록, 상기 조정된 제2 충전율을 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 배터리의 사용 정도에 대해 연속적 또는 이산적인 음의 상관 관계를 갖도록, 상기 일시적 방전 절차의 시간 길이를 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제6항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 제1 기준 SOC와 상기 제2 기준 SOC의 차이와 상기 일시적 방전 절차에 의한 SOC 변화량의 합에 비례하고, 상기 기준 시간과 상기 방전 정보에 포함된 상기 일시적 방전 절차의 시간 길이의 차이에 반비례하도록, 상기 조정된 제2 충전율을 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 배터리가 상기 제1 충전율 이하의 크기의 정전류로 방전되도록, 상기 일시적 방전 절차를 진행하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제10항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 배터리의 사용 정도에 대해 연속적 또는 이산적인 음의 상관 관계를 갖도록, 상기 일시적 방전 절차를 위한 정전류의 크기를 결정하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 프로세서는,상기 배터리의 사용 정도를 기초로, 상기 일시적 방전 절차의 진행 필요 여부를 결정하고,상기 일시적 방전 절차의 진행이 필요한 것으로 결정 시, 상기 배터리의 SOC가 상기 제1 기준 SOC에 도달하면 상기 일시적 방전 절차를 진행하고,상기 일시적 방전 절차의 진행이 불필요한 것으로 결정 시, 상기 배터리의 SOC가 상기 제1 기준 SOC에 도달하면 상기 일시적 방전 절차의 진행없이 상기 제2 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차를 진행하도록 구성되는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 장치.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 상기 배터리 제어 장치를 포함하는, 배터리 팩.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 상기 배터리 제어 장치를 포함하는, 전기 차량.
- 배터리 제어 장치에 의해 실행되는 배터리 제어 방법에 있어서,제1 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차가 진행되는 중, 배터리의 측정된 전압을 나타내는 전압 측정값에 기반하여 식별되는 상기 배터리의 SOC가 상기 제1 충전율에 연관된 제1 기준 SOC - 상기 제1 기준 SOC는 상기 제1 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차에서 상기 배터리의 리튬 석출을 방지하기 위해 미리 정해진 값임 - 에 도달하는 경우, 일시적 방전 절차를 진행하는 단계;상기 일시적 방전 절차의 방전 정보를 기초로, 상기 제1 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차에 후속하는 다른 정전류 충전 절차에 이용되도록 미리 정해진 제2 충전율과는 상이한 조정된 제2 충전율을 결정하는 단계; 및상기 일시적 방전 절차의 종료 후, 상기 조정된 제2 충전율을 이용한 정전류 충전 절차를 진행하는 단계;를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는, 배터리 제어 방법.
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| WO2022170481A1 (zh) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-08-18 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 电池充电方法、控制器、电池管理系统、电池和用电装置 |
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| CN116073000B (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2024-01-23 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 用于二次电池的充电方法、装置、设备及计算机存储介质 |
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2023
- 2023-04-19 EP EP23792186.1A patent/EP4394998A4/en active Pending
- 2023-04-19 JP JP2024533135A patent/JP7697191B2/ja active Active
- 2023-04-19 WO PCT/KR2023/005332 patent/WO2023204612A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-19 CA CA3255436A patent/CA3255436A1/en active Pending
- 2023-04-19 US US18/727,808 patent/US12500435B2/en active Active
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2025
- 2025-09-26 US US19/341,736 patent/US20260025022A1/en active Pending
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| JP2018528573A (ja) * | 2015-08-24 | 2018-09-27 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | リチウム析出探知方法、それを用いた二次電池充電方法及び装置、並びに二次電池システム |
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| WO2022039505A1 (ko) * | 2020-08-20 | 2022-02-24 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 시스템, 배터리 관리 방법, 배터리 팩 및 전기 차량 |
| KR20220049483A (ko) | 2020-10-14 | 2022-04-21 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 이차 전지용 양극 및 상기 양극을 포함하는 이차 전지 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4394998A4 (en) | 2025-06-25 |
| US20260025022A1 (en) | 2026-01-22 |
| EP4394998A1 (en) | 2024-07-03 |
| JP7697191B2 (ja) | 2025-06-24 |
| JP2024542804A (ja) | 2024-11-15 |
| US20240421622A1 (en) | 2024-12-19 |
| CA3255436A1 (en) | 2025-07-03 |
| US12500435B2 (en) | 2025-12-16 |
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