WO2023210268A1 - ジルコニア質メディア、ベアリングボール及びそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
ジルコニア質メディア、ベアリングボール及びそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023210268A1 WO2023210268A1 PCT/JP2023/013825 JP2023013825W WO2023210268A1 WO 2023210268 A1 WO2023210268 A1 WO 2023210268A1 JP 2023013825 W JP2023013825 W JP 2023013825W WO 2023210268 A1 WO2023210268 A1 WO 2023210268A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- media
- zirconia
- powder
- less
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
- C04B35/488—Composites
- C04B35/4885—Composites with aluminium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/486—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62675—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering characterised by the treatment temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62685—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures characterised by the order of addition of constituents or additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1436—Composite particles, e.g. coated particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/32—Balls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/18—Details
- B02C17/20—Disintegrating members
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
- C04B2235/3225—Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3246—Stabilised zirconias, e.g. YSZ or cerium stabilised zirconia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3418—Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5409—Particle size related information expressed by specific surface values
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5445—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof submicron sized, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5463—Particle size distributions
- C04B2235/5481—Monomodal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/76—Crystal structural characteristics, e.g. symmetry
- C04B2235/765—Tetragonal symmetry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/785—Submicron sized grains, i.e. from 0,1 to 1 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/963—Surface properties, e.g. surface roughness
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/1409—Abrasive particles per se
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2206/00—Materials with ceramics, cermets, hard carbon or similar non-metallic hard materials as main constituents
- F16C2206/40—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal
- F16C2206/42—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic oxides
- F16C2206/48—Ceramics, e.g. carbides, nitrides, oxides, borides of a metal based on ceramic oxides based on zirconia (ZrO2)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2220/00—Shaping
- F16C2220/20—Shaping by sintering pulverised material, e.g. powder metallurgy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
- F16C2240/54—Surface roughness
Definitions
- the present invention relates to zirconia media, bearing balls, and methods of manufacturing them.
- pulverization, high dispersion, and high purity are important.
- pulverization and dispersion treatment are performed using a bead mill using a medium made of a finer inorganic sintered body.
- the micromedia is processed by high-speed stirring in order to perform highly efficient pulverization and dispersion processing. Therefore, Y2O3 - reinforced zirconia microscopic media are used, which are subject to a large load and have excellent impact resistance and abrasion resistance.
- the micro media Since the micro media is small in size, it is necessary to introduce a large amount into the mill. If there is slightly low-strength media in the loaded media, high-speed rotation within the mill will place a high load on the media, which can easily cause damage to the media. When fragments are generated due to damage to the media, there is a risk that the fragments will be crushed and mixed into the powder to be processed as foreign matter. Furthermore, depending on the grinding and dispersion conditions, the temperature of the slurry inside the mill may become high, which may cause deterioration in the strength of the media and contamination of foreign matter due to a decrease in wear resistance.
- Patent Document 1 discloses the use of fired zirconia beads having an average particle size of 40 to 192 ⁇ m, a density of 5.9 g/cm or more, and a sphericity of 1.07 or less in a method for dispersing pigments in a solution. There is. However, when pulverizing and dispersing powder in a bead mill, it is not enough to simply suppress variations in average particle size, density, and sphericity. It is not possible to suppress the occurrence of That is, Patent Document 1 does not mention variations in the strength of beads, and even if variations in average particle size, density, and sphericity are suppressed, variations in strength are not suppressed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body that is used as a grinding/dispersion media and has wear resistance by controlling its chemical composition and microstructure. It is disclosed that the ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body described in Patent Document 2 has excellent wear resistance in crushing and dispersing hard powder. However, it is not described that even if the chemical composition of the ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body is adjusted, variations in the characteristics of the entire micromedia can be suppressed. When used as micromedia that is subjected to a high load, if the entire micromedia does not satisfy a predetermined strength, stress concentration on the micromedia with slightly lower strength may cause cracking or chipping.
- Patent Document 3 describes that, due to differences in the granulation method of the shaped sphere before sintering, the size of the average crystal grain size may differ between the center and the surface of the sphere after sintering. ing. It is described that when the average crystal grain size of the sphere is larger near the center than near the surface, wear progresses significantly in the initial stage and the amount of impurities mixed in increases dramatically. It is stated that when the average crystal grain size of a sphere is smaller near the center than near the surface, the strength decreases significantly because the number of internal voids increases and these voids become starting points for fracture.
- the uniformity of the average crystal particle size near the center and the surface area inside each sphere, and the specific surface area and average secondary particle size of the ZrO 2 powder used for forming the shaped sphere before sintering are determined within a specific range. It is disclosed that the chemical composition can be adjusted by adjusting the content of Y 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe, Ti, etc. within a specific range. However, even if the uniformity of the average crystal particle size inside the sphere and near the surface is adjusted, if the variation in the strength of the entire micromedia is not suppressed, the strength will be slightly lower when the powder to be processed is crushed and dispersed. There is a risk that cracking or chipping may occur due to stress concentration on the microscopic media with low temperature.
- Patent Document 4 states that by controlling the molar ratio of Y 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 , the content of Al 2 O 3 , the total content of SiO 2 and TiO 2 , and the average crystal grain size, , a zirconia sintered body that stably exhibits excellent wear resistance and durability for a long period of time in hot water of 100° C. or lower or in a high humidity atmosphere is disclosed. However, it is not described that even if the chemical composition of the ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body is adjusted, variations in the characteristics of the entire micromedia can be suppressed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a zirconia media, a bearing ball, and a method for manufacturing the same, which suppress variations in media shape and mechanical properties and have improved wear resistance and durability.
- the first aspect of the present invention comprises (a) a ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body, and the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio is 2.5/97.5 or more, 3.2/ is within the range of 96.8 or less, (b) the content of Al 2 O 3 is within the range of 0.1% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less, (c) containing 90% by volume or more of tetragonal zirconia, (d) the relative density is 95% or more, (e) the average crystal grain size is within the range of 0.25 ⁇ m or more and 0.50 ⁇ m or less; (f) The minimum value of the crushing load value measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min is Pmin (N) > 600 x D 2.0 (D is the average value of the media diameter), (g) The Weibull coefficient of the crushing load value is 10 or more, (h) The maximum diameter of the media that can be confirmed in the SEM image confirmed using a
- a second aspect of the present invention comprises (a) a ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body, in which the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio is 2.5/97.5 or more and 3.2/ is within the range of 96.8 or less, (b) the content of Al 2 O 3 is within the range of 0.1% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less, (c) containing 90% by volume or more of tetragonal zirconia, (d) the relative density is 95% or more, (e) the average crystal grain size is within the range of 0.25 ⁇ m or more and 0.50 ⁇ m or less; (f) The lowest value of the crushing load value measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min is Pmin (N) > 600 x D 2.0 (D is the average value of the media diameter), (g) The Weibull coefficient of the crushing load value is 10 or more, (h) The maximum diameter of the media that can be confirmed in the SEM image confirmed using
- the zirconium raw material and the yttrium raw material are used so that the (p) Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio is within the range of 2.5/97.5 or more and 3.2/96.8 or less.
- the specific surface area of a dry mixed powder slurry obtained by wet-pulverizing and/or dispersing the mixed powder is within the range of 5 m 2 /g or more and 10 m 2 /g or less
- the average particle size with a cumulative frequency of 50% in the volume-based particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction method of the mixed powder slurry in accordance with JIS Z8825 is within the range of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 0.6 ⁇ m or less.
- the powder is dried and sized so that the aggregated powder average particle size with a cumulative frequency of 50% in the volume-based particle size distribution measured in accordance with JIS Z8825 by laser diffraction method is within the range of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- Prepare the powder for molding obtained by (u) granulating and molding the powder for molding to obtain a molded body, (v) firing the molded body at a temperature of 1250°C or more and 1600°C or less to obtain a ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body; This is the manufacturing method.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is to use the zirconium raw material and the yttrium raw material so that the (p) Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio is within the range of 2.5/97.5 or more and 3.2/96.8 or less.
- the specific surface area of a dry mixed powder slurry obtained by wet-pulverizing and/or dispersing the mixed powder is within the range of 5 m 2 /g or more and 10 m 2 /g or less
- the average particle size with a cumulative frequency of 50% in the volume-based particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction method of the mixed powder slurry in accordance with JIS Z8825 is within the range of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 0.6 ⁇ m or less.
- the powder is dried and sized so that the aggregated powder average particle size with a cumulative frequency of 50% in the volume-based particle size distribution measured in accordance with JIS Z8825 by laser diffraction method is within the range of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- Prepare the powder for molding obtained by (u) granulating and molding the powder for molding to obtain a molded body, (v) firing the molded body at a temperature of 1250° C. or higher and 1600° C. or lower to obtain a ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body; This is the manufacturing method.
- the present invention can provide zirconia media with improved wear resistance and durability, zirconia bearing balls, and methods for manufacturing them.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the media according to Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the media according to Comparative Example 7.
- FIG. 3A is a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the media according to Comparative Example 8 before being used for pulverization and/or dispersion treatment.
- FIG. 3B is a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the media according to Comparative Example 8 after being used for pulverization and/or dispersion treatment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a bearing.
- the zirconia media of the present invention satisfies the following requirements (a) to (h), preferably satisfies the following (k), and also satisfies the following requirements (j), (n), or (o). may be satisfied.
- the zirconia bearing ball of the present invention preferably satisfies the following requirements (a) to (h), further satisfies the following requirements (x) and (y), and satisfies the following (k):
- the following requirements (j), (n), or (o) may be satisfied.
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball is (a) made of a ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3- based zirconia sintered body, and has a Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of 2.5/97.5 or more and 3.2 /96.8 or less, (b) the content of Al 2 O 3 is within the range of 0.1% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less, (c) the tetragonal zirconia is in the range of 90% by volume. % or more, (d) the relative density is 95% or more, (e) the average crystal grain size is within the range of 0.25 ⁇ m or more and 0.50 ⁇ m or less, (f) the crosshead speed is 0.5 mm/min.
- the minimum value of the crushing load value measured in is Pmin (N) > 600 ⁇ D 2.0 (D is the average value of the media diameter), (g) the Weibull coefficient of the crushing load value is 10 or more, and ( h)
- the maximum diameter of the media that can be confirmed in the SEM image confirmed using a scanning electron microscope is the media diameter, and the coefficient of variation of the media diameter derived from the average value and standard deviation of the media diameters of 200 media is less than 6%. It is.
- "media” may be replaced with "bearing balls.”
- Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls are made of a ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body, and the chemical composition, crystal phase, relative density, average crystal grain size, and minimum crushing load value of the sintered body are By keeping the Weibull coefficient of the crushing load value and the coefficient of variation of the media diameter within specific ranges, variations in the shape of the media and variations in mechanical properties such as the abrasion resistance and crushing load value of the media can be suppressed. Can be done. Even when zirconia media is used as micromedia in a bead mill that rotates at high speed and uses a large amount of media, the media does not crack or chip, and its durability and wear resistance can be improved.
- the powder to be treated can be pulverized and dispersed while maintaining the high purity of the powder to be treated.
- zirconia bearing balls cracking and chipping of the bearing balls are suppressed, so it is possible to provide bearing balls that meet the specified values described below.
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball is (a) made of a ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3- based zirconia sintered body, and has a Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of 2.5/97.5 or more and 3.2 /96.8 or less, and may be in the range of 2.6/97.4 or more and 3.1/96.9 or less.
- the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball is within the above range, the amount of monoclinic zirconia is small and the stability of the crystal structure of the tetragonal zirconia is good.
- the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball is within the above range, cracking and chipping can be suppressed and wear resistance and durability can be improved. If the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball is less than 2.5/97.5, the content of monoclinic zirconia will increase, and the stability of the tetragonal zirconia will decrease. It gets lower.
- the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball is less than 2.5/97.5, fine cracks will occur due to stress, causing cracks and chips, and the wear resistance will deteriorate. properties or durability are reduced.
- the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball exceeds 3.2/96.8, the amount of tetragonal zirconia decreases and the mechanical strength decreases. If the mechanical strength decreases, the media will crack or chip in the bead mill, which is subjected to high loads, and the wear resistance will decrease.
- the ZrO 2 powder may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , FeO 2 , MgO, Na 2 O, and K 2 O.
- the content of components other than ZrO 2 contained in the ZrO 2 powder may be 0.3% by mass or less based on the total amount of ZrO 2 .
- the content of (b) Al 2 O 3 in the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball is within the range of 0.1% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less.
- the content of (b) Al 2 O 3 in the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball is within the above range, the sinterability of ZrO 2 is improved.
- Al 2 O 3 content of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball is within the above range, Al 2 O 3 is segregated at the ZrO 2 grain boundaries and also exists as Al 2 O 3 crystal particles. Therefore, the grain boundaries of ZrO 2 are strengthened, and mechanical properties such as impact resistance are improved.
- the content of Al 2 O 3 in the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls is less than 0.1% by mass, the effect of improving sinterability and mechanical properties by adding Al 2 O 3 can be obtained. I can't do it. If the Al 2 O 3 content of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls exceeds 30.0% by mass, the Al 2 O 3 content will increase too much and conversely the sinterability and mechanical properties will deteriorate.
- the content of Al 2 O 3 in the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball is preferably in the range of 0.2% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less.
- the content of (k) SiO 2 in the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball is in the range of 0.2% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less.
- a ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body is used in hot water of 40° C. or higher, the grain boundaries are likely to be eroded by the water, and the wear resistance may be significantly reduced.
- SiO 2 is contained in the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing balls, wear resistance can be maintained even when the media is used in hot water of 40° C. or higher.
- Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls contain SiO 2 in a range of 0.2% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less, when the media is used in hot water of 40°C or higher. Even if there is, it is possible to suppress water erosion to the grain boundaries of ZrO 2 in the sintered body constituting the media and maintain wear resistance. If the content of SiO 2 in the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball exceeds 1.0% by mass, a SiO 2 phase may be formed at the grain boundaries of ZrO 2 and the strength may be reduced.
- the content of SiO 2 in the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball may be within the range of 0.3 mass% or more and 0.9 mass% or less, or may be within the range of 0.4 mass% or more and 0.7 mass% or less. good.
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls may have an SiO 2 content of less than 0.2% by mass.
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball contains (c) 90 volume % or more of tetragonal zirconia, preferably 95 volume % or more.
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball may contain 100% by volume of tetragonal zirconia. If the content of tetragonal zirconia in the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball is less than 90% by volume, a large amount of monoclinic zirconia is contained.
- Fine cracks occur around the monoclinic zirconia contained in the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball, reducing mechanical strength such as wear resistance, durability, and impact resistance.
- the content of monoclinic zirconia in the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball can be up to 5% by volume, and is preferably 5% by volume or less.
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls contain a large amount of cubic zirconia, the effect of stress-induced phase transformation will be reduced, resulting in a decrease in toughness and micro-cracks when used in a bead mill that is subject to high loads. is more likely to occur.
- the content of cubic zirconia in the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball can be up to 5% by volume, and preferably less than 5% by volume.
- Presence and content of monoclinic zirconia (M) in the zirconia crystal phase of the sintered body, content of tetragonal zirconia (T), and presence and content of cubic zirconia (C) The amount can be determined by X-ray diffraction.
- Media is placed in the curable embedding resin so that it has an area larger than a circle having a diameter of 10 mm or more, and the curable embedding resin is cured.
- the media embedded in the hardened curable embedding resin is ground to about one-third of the cross-sectional diameter.
- the ground surface was lapped with diamond abrasive grains of 4 to 8 ⁇ m, then diamond abrasive grains of 3 ⁇ m or less to a depth of 5 ⁇ m or more, and finally polished with diamond abrasive grains of 1 ⁇ m or less to comply with JIS B0601:2001.
- Mirror polishing is performed so that the surface roughness Rz is less than 0.050 ⁇ m (surface roughness Rz ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m), and the diffraction angle is measured in the range of 27 degrees to 34 degrees using an X-ray diffraction method. From the results obtained by the measurement, the monoclinic zirconia (M) content (volume %) can be determined from the following formula (1).
- polyester resin, acrylic resin, or epoxy resin can be used as the curable embedding resin.
- the presence or absence and content (volume %) of cubic zirconia (C) can be determined by X-ray diffraction in the same manner as the monoclinic zirconia (M) content, with a diffraction angle in the range of 70 degrees to 77 degrees. It can be determined from the following equation (2) from the measured results. Furthermore, based on the above results, the tetragonal zirconia (T) content can be determined from the following formula (3).
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls have a relative density of 95% or more, more preferably 97% or more.
- the relative density of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls becomes high.
- the relative density of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls may be 100% or 99.9% or less.
- Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls with a high relative density have fewer pores contained inside the sintered body, and can suppress cracking and chipping. If the (d) relative density of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls is less than 95%, the sintered body contains many pores.
- Zirconia media containing many pores causes cracks and chips to occur in bead mills that are subjected to high loads, resulting in decreased wear resistance and durability.
- Zirconia bearing balls containing many pores have reduced wear resistance and durability.
- the relative density of zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls can be determined from the following equation (4).
- the apparent density is measured by the gas displacement method specified in JIS R1620.
- the theoretical density is based on the theoretical density of ZrO 2 in which Y 2 O 3 is dissolved (6.1 g/cm 3 ) and the theoretical density of Al 2 O 3 (3.98 g/m 3 ). It can be calculated based on the composition ratio of ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3 in which 2 O 3 is dissolved.
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball has (e) an average crystal grain size in the range of 0.25 ⁇ m or more and 0.50 ⁇ m or less.
- Average crystal grain size of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball may be in the range of 0.26 ⁇ m or more and 0.48 ⁇ m or less, or may be in the range of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 0.45 ⁇ m or less.
- the average crystal grain size of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls is less than 0.25 ⁇ m, the toughness will decrease, chipping and cracking will easily occur in the mill under high loads, and the powder to be processed will deteriorate. It becomes difficult to maintain high purity.
- the average crystal grain size of zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls exceeds 0.5 ⁇ m, wear resistance and durability will decrease.
- the wear resistance of zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls depends on the microstructure of crystals near the surface of the sintered body constituting the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls. Therefore, the average crystal grain size of zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls is preferably measured within 10% of the media diameter from the surface of the media toward the center.
- the average crystal grain size of zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls can be measured as follows. The sintered body constituting the media is embedded in a curable embedding resin, and the curable embedding resin is cured.
- the sintered body embedded in the hardened embedding resin was ground from the surface toward the center so that the diameter was less than 10% of the media diameter.
- Mirror polishing is performed to a surface roughness Rz ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m in accordance with JIS B0601:2001.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the average crystal grain size can be determined by the intercept method. Specifically, a straight line of length L is drawn on the surface where the target crystal grains are visible, and the number of crystal grains crossed by this straight line is determined. A crystal grain whose straight edge is inside is counted as 1/2.
- the average crystal grain size can be determined from the following formula (5). It is preferable to obtain the average grain size by drawing a straight line of length L from 2 to 5.
- the minimum crushing load value measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min is Pmin (N) > 600 x D 2.0 (D is the average value of the media diameter) It is. If the minimum value Pmin of the crushing load value does not satisfy a value exceeding the product of the average value D of the media diameter to the 2.0th power and 600 (Pmin (N) > 600 x D 2.0 ), the high load is This becomes a factor that makes it easy for cracks and chips to occur in such a mill.
- the minimum value Pmin of the crushing load value is less than the product of the average D of the media diameter to the 2.0th power and 600 (Pmin(N) ⁇ 600 ⁇ D 2.0 ), use a low-strength product with a low crushing load value. Indicates that media are mixed. If low-strength media with low crushing load values are mixed, there is a high probability that the media with low crushing load values will crack or chip due to impact in a mill that is subjected to high loads. If cracks or chips occur in the zirconia media, it becomes difficult to maintain high purity of the powder to be processed.
- the average value D of the media diameter was defined as the maximum diameter measured from an image of one media observed using a scanning electron microscope, and was defined as the average value of the media diameters of 200 media.
- the crushing load value was determined by sandwiching one media between two diamond sintered bodies or boron nitride (BN) sintered bodies using a material testing machine, and setting the crosshead speed (the speed at which the distance between the plates is shortened) to 0.5 mm/ This is the load value when a load is applied to the media in minutes and it breaks.
- the crushing load values of 50 media are measured, and the lowest crushing load value among them is set as the lowest value Pmin (N).
- Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls have (g) a Weibull coefficient of crushing load value of 10 or more, preferably 12 or more.
- a Weibull coefficient of crushing load value 10 or more, variations in strength are small and wear resistance and durability can be improved. If the Weibull coefficient of the crushing load value of zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls is less than 10, variations in strength will increase, and cracks and chips will occur in media with low strength in the mill where high loads are applied, resulting in poor wear resistance. and durability decreases.
- the Weibull coefficient of the crushing load value may be 25 or less.
- the Weibull coefficient is a Weibull coefficient when the crushing load value or bending strength of 50 media is Weibull plotted.
- the maximum diameter of the media that can be confirmed in a SEM image confirmed using a scanning electron microscope is the media diameter, and the diameter is derived from the average value and standard deviation of the media diameters of 200 media.
- the coefficient of variation of the media diameter is less than 6%.
- the coefficient of variation of the media diameter of zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls is preferably 5.9% or less, may be 5.8% or less, and is more preferably 4% or less.
- the coefficient of variation of the media diameter is preferably 0%, and may be 0.1% or more.
- the coefficient of variation of the (h) media diameter of zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls is less than 6%, the variation in media size will be small, the grinding characteristics of the media in the bead mill will be uniform, and the powder to be processed will be Can be evenly crushed and dispersed. If the coefficient of variation of the (h) media diameter of zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls is 6% or more, large and small media will coexist, and the movement of each size of media will be different within the bead mill, resulting in media pulverization. This causes variations in the dispersion properties, which leads to variations in the particle size distribution of the powder to be treated, resulting in poor reproducibility in pulverization and dispersion processing.
- the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball satisfy the requirements (a) to (h) described above, and further include the requirement (k) described above.
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball satisfies the requirements (a) to (h) above, and further satisfies at least one of the following requirements (j), (k), (n), and (o). It is preferable to meet the following criteria.
- Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls satisfy the requirements (a) to (h) and (k) above, and further satisfy at least one of the following requirements (j), (n) and (o). It is preferable to meet the requirements.
- Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls are produced by (j) embedding one piece of media in a hardening type embedding resin, curing the curable type embedding resin, and making the zirconia bearing ball from 40% to 50% of the diameter of the media in accordance with ISO 14577. %, and the ground surface was mirror-polished to a surface roughness Rz ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m in accordance with JIS B0601:2001 using the same method as the measurement surface used to measure the crystal phase.
- the micro-indentation hardness of the cross section of the polished media was measured using an indentation hardness tester at 10 equally spaced locations, and the micro-indentation was derived from the average value and standard deviation of the micro-indentation hardness measured for the 10 pieces of media. It is preferable that the coefficient of variation of hardness is 5% or less. It is preferable that the content of (k) SiO 2 in the zirconia media or the zirconia bearing ball is in the range of 0.2% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less. Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls have a crushing load ratio A (n) of the lowest crushing load value Pmin (N) to the average crushing load value Pave (N) measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
- Pmin(N)/Pave(N)) is 0.8 or more.
- Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls are: (o) Average crushing load value measured at a crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/min with respect to average value Pave (N) of crushing load values measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. It is preferable that the crushing load ratio B (Pave0.1(N)/Pave(N)) of the value Pave0.1(N) is 0.95 or more.
- Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls are produced by (j) embedding one piece of media in a curable embedding resin, curing the curable embedding resin, and forming a zirconia bearing ball from 40% to 50% of the diameter of the media in accordance with ISO 14577. %, and the cross section was mirror-polished using the method described above so that the surface roughness Rz ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m conforms to JIS B0601:2001, and then polished using an ultra-micro indentation hardness tester.
- the micro-indentation hardness is measured at 10 equally spaced locations, and the coefficient of variation of the micro-indentation hardness can be derived from the average value and standard deviation of the micro-indentation hardness measured for the 10 media.
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls preferably have (j) a coefficient of variation in microindentation hardness of 5% or less.
- the coefficient of variation of micro-indentation hardness of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball is more preferably 4.8% or less, may be 4.5% or less, may be 4.0% or less, and may be 3.5%. It may be less than 0%, preferably 0%, but it may be 0.1% or more, 0.2% or more, or 0.5% or more. If the density of the compact formed by granulating molding powder to form zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls is non-uniform, differences in the amount of shrinkage within one sintered compact may occur during the subsequent firing process. As a result, tissue heterogeneity increases.
- a sintered body obtained by firing a molded body with a large non-uniform structure will also have non-uniform ultra-fine indentation hardness. If the structure is non-uniform, the residual stress will increase, which will reduce the resistance to impact and cause cracks and chips to occur when used in a bead mill that is subject to high loads. Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls have a uniform structure within the sintered body constituting the media when the coefficient of variation in microindentation hardness is 5% or less, and cracking and chipping can be suppressed.
- the structure of the sintered body constituting the media becomes non-uniform.
- Zirconia media whose sintered body has a non-uniform structure are susceptible to cracking and chipping due to collisions between the media in a bead mill under high load, resulting in decreased wear resistance.
- Zirconia bearing balls with non-uniform sintered structures tend to crack or chip when high loads are applied, for example in bearings, resulting in reduced wear resistance and durability.
- the microindentation hardness of zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls can be measured using a test load of 50 mN, a load application rate of 5 mN/sec, a test load holding time of 1 second, and an unloading rate of 5 mN/sec.
- the coefficient of variation of the micro-indentation hardness of the media measured by the ultra-micro-indentation hardness tester can be determined from the following equation (8).
- the (m) media diameter of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls is preferably 0.5 mm or less. It is more preferable that the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls have a media diameter of 0.2 mm or less. The media diameter may be 0.01 mm or more, or 0.015 mm or more.
- the media diameter measurement method is the same as the measurement method using images confirmed using a scanning electron microscope. If the diameter of the zirconia media is 0.5 mm or less, it can be used as a media for grinding and dispersing fine powder. For grinding and dispersing fine powder, the media must be very small.
- a media with a diameter of 0.5 mm or less In order to crush and disperse fine powder with a size of 1 nm to 100 nm, which is called nanopowder, it is desirable to use a media with a diameter of 0.5 mm or less, and use a fine media with a diameter of 0.2 mm or less. It is more desirable. If the size of the media is too large compared to the size of the powder to be processed, the powder to be processed cannot be pulverized and dispersed to a minute size. If it is too large, the mass of the media will also be large, which will damage the powder surface of the powder to be treated, and the powder surface will be activated and reagglomeration will likely occur. If the (m) media diameter of the zirconia bearing ball is small, it can also be used in small bearings.
- Zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls have a crushing load ratio A (n) of the lowest crushing load value Pmin (N) to the average crushing load value Pave (N) measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
- Pmin(N)/Pave(N)) is preferably 0.8 or more, and may be 0.81 or more.
- the crushing load ratio A is 1 or less.
- the crushing load value is affected by the grain boundary strength of the crystals of the sintered body constituting the media, and the size and number of internal defects. Therefore, it can be said that the individual media have uniform strength if not only the coefficient of variation indicating the uniformity of the diameter distribution of the media but also the crushing load ratio A is 0.8 or more.
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball has a crushing load ratio A of 0.8 or more, it can be said that the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball has uniform strength that maintains impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and durability.
- the average crushing load value is determined by measuring the crushing load value in the same manner as the measurement of the minimum crushing load value Pmin (N), and the average value of the crushing load values of 50 media is set as Pave (N).
- the crushing load ratio A can be determined from the following formula (9).
- the zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls have (o) an average value Pave of crushing load values measured at a crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/min with respect to an average value Pave of crushing load values measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
- the crushing load ratio B (Pave0.1(N)/Pave(N)) of 1(N) is preferably 0.950 or more, more preferably 0.955 or more, and 0.960 or more. More preferably, it is 0.965 or more, and even more preferably 0.965 or more.
- the closer the average crushing load value Pave and the average crushing load value Pave0.1 are to the same value (Pave0.1(N)/Pave(N) 1), the more the inside of the zirconia media or zirconia bearing ball Indicates that there are few defects.
- the crushing load value the slower the loading speed, the more stress tends to concentrate on structures with low strength such as non-uniformities and defects in the media, and the crushing load value tends to decrease.
- Crushing load ratio B of the average value Pave (N) of the crushing load values measured at a crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/min to the average value Pave (N) of the crushing load values measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min If it is 0.95 or more, it means that the inside of the media has more uniform strength, and it means that the media has excellent impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and durability.
- the average value Pave0.1 (N) of the crushing load values measured at a crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/min is the average value Pave0.1 (N) of the crushing load values of 50 media.
- the crushing load ratio B can be determined from the following formula (10).
- the zirconia bearing ball has (x) a fracture toughness of 5.0 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or more, preferably 5.2 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or more, and 5.4 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or more is more preferable, more preferably 5.5 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or more, particularly preferably 5.6 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or more, and may be 8.0 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or less, and 7. It may be 0 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or less, or it may be 6.5 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or less.
- the zirconia bearing ball may have (x) fracture toughness of 7.0 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or less, or 6.8 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 or less.
- silicon nitride ( Si 3 N 4 ) can meet the fracture toughness of material class III for bearing balls, and can be used as bearing balls that meet the standard values of ASTM International. Moreover, it can satisfy the fracture toughness of grade 3 of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) material for rolling bearing balls specified in JIS R1669, and can be used as a bearing ball that meets the standard values of JIS R1669.
- the fracture toughness of a zirconia bearing ball can be measured in accordance with JIS R1669.
- the fracture toughness of zirconia bearing balls was measured using the SENB method by press-molding a test molded body of molding powder to form a zirconia bearing ball, firing it under the same conditions as the media, and testing it with a #140 diamond wheel.
- a test piece cut into dimensions of 3 mm x 4 mm x 45 mm (length x width x thickness) can be used.
- This test piece can be evaluated by three-point bending with a span of 30 mm and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
- the notch can be measured by forming a notch in the center of the tensile surface of the test piece so that the radius of curvature at the tip of the notch is 10 ⁇ m and the depth is 1.5 mm.
- Fracture toughness K IC can be determined from the following formulas (11) and (12).
- Zirconia bearing balls (y) have a bending strength of more than 1100 MPa, a Weibull coefficient of bending strength of more than 7, and a bending strength of 1110 MPa or more, 1120 MPa or more, 1150 MPa or more, or 1600 MPa. It may be less than 1500 MPa, or less than 1450 MPa.
- the Weibull coefficient of bending strength may be 7.1 or more, 7.5 or more, 8 or more, 30 or less, or 25 or less.
- Zirconia bearing balls (y) are silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) bearings specified by ASTM International F2094, if their bending strength exceeds 1100 MPa and the Weibull coefficient of bending strength exceeds 7.
- the bearing can satisfy the bending strength of ball material class III, it can satisfy the Weibull coefficient of bending strength, and it can be used as a bearing ball that meets the standard values of ASTM International.
- the bearing can meet the bending strength of grade 3 of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) material for rolling bearing balls specified in JIS R1669 and the Weibull coefficient of bending strength, and meets the standard values of JIS R1669. Can be used as a ball.
- the bending strength of zirconia bearing balls is determined by measuring the bending strength of 10 samples at three points at a span of 30 mm and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min in accordance with JIS R1669. The arithmetic mean value can be determined as (y) bending strength.
- the Weibull coefficient of bending strength can be determined by replacing the crushing load value with the bending strength in the above-mentioned equation (6).
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a bearing using zirconia bearing balls.
- a bearing ball 4 is held between an inner ring 2 and an outer ring 3 by a retainer (not shown).
- Bearings are used in wind generators, airplanes, cars, bicycles, trains, refrigerators, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, copy machines, washing machines, massage chairs, cameras, electric screwdrivers, personal computers, automatic ticket gates, walking sidewalks, elevators, conveyors, etc. In addition, it is also used in medical equipment such as computed tomography (CT), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dental handpieces.
- CT computed tomography
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
- dental handpieces In automobiles, bearings are used, for example, in wheels, suspensions, steering, etc.
- bearings are used, for example, in transmissions, wheels, and the like.
- bearings are used, for example, in the rollers that feed tickets and the like.
- bearings are used, for example, in drills that rotate at high speed.
- the method for manufacturing zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls of the present invention includes (p) a Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of 2.5/97.5 or more, 3.2/
- the zirconium raw material and the yttrium raw material are mixed so as to be within the range of 96.8 or less, hydrolyzed, and the resulting zirconium and yttrium hydrate is calcined at a temperature of 600°C or higher and 1200°C or lower.
- the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of the synthetic powder is within the range of 2.5/97.5 or more and 3.2/96.8 or less, monoclinic zirconia is small and 95% by volume or more of A ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body containing tetragonal zirconia can be obtained.
- the stability of the tetragonal zirconia contained in the obtained sintered body is good, and cracking and chipping of the sintered body are suppressed.
- a sintered body with improved wear resistance and durability can be obtained.
- a zirconium raw material and a yttrium raw material so that the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio is within the range of 2.5/97.5 or more and 3.2/96.8 or less, and adding water to form an aqueous solution, After hydrolyzing this aqueous solution by heating under reflux at a temperature of 100°C, the resulting hydrate of zirconium and yttrium is dehydrated, dried, and calcined at a temperature of 600°C to 1200°C to form a synthetic powder. Get a body.
- the calcination temperature may be in the range of 800°C or higher and 1000°C or lower. If the calcination temperature is within the range of 600° C.
- the composition in the synthetic powder will be uniform, and it will be easier to obtain a sintered body with a uniform composition and uniform strength during firing.
- the calcination time is 30 minutes or more and 2 hours or less, and may be 1 hour or less.
- the calcination is carried out in an air atmosphere (oxygen 20% by volume) at standard pressure (0.101 MPa).
- a zirconium compound is used as a zirconium raw material.
- zirconium oxychloride, zirconium acetate, zirconium nitrate, zirconium sulfate, etc. can be used.
- the purity of the zirconium compound is preferably 99.9% by mass or more. If the amount of impurities in the zirconium compound used as the zirconium raw material is large, impurity phases are likely to be formed at the grain boundaries of the resulting sintered body. When a high load is applied to the sintered body, stress is concentrated on the impurity phase, which is undesirable because it causes cracking or chipping of the zirconia media made of the sintered body.
- the purity of the zirconium compound can be determined by referring to the value listed in the catalog of each compound.
- an yttrium compound is used as the yttrium raw material.
- Yttrium nitrate, yttrium oxide, etc. can be used as the yttrium compound. It is preferable that the yttrium compound has a purity of 99.9% by mass or more. If the amount of impurities in the yttrium compound is large, as described above, impurity phases are likely to be generated at the grain boundaries of the obtained sintered body, which is not preferable.
- (q) Mixed powder by mixing Al 2 O 3 powder with synthetic powder so that the content of Al 2 O 3 with respect to the total amount is within the range of 0.1% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less get.
- the mixed powder contains Al 2 O 3 powder
- the sinterability of a molded body made using a molding powder made from the mixed powder is improved.
- Al 2 O 3 is segregated at ZrO 2 grain boundaries and also exists as Al 2 O 3 crystal particles, the ZrO 2 grain boundaries are strengthened and mechanical properties such as impact resistance are improved.
- a sintered body can be obtained.
- the Al 2 O 3 powder has an aluminum oxide purity of 99.9% by mass or more, and an average particle diameter with a cumulative frequency of 50% in the volume-based particle size distribution measured by laser diffraction method in accordance with JIS Z8825. It is preferably within the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 0.3 ⁇ m or less. When the amount of impurities in the Al 2 O 3 powder is large, impurity phases are likely to be generated at the grain boundaries of the obtained sintered body, as described above. Further, if the average particle diameter of the Al 2 O 3 powder is within the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 0.3 ⁇ m or less, the above (q) is added to the mixed powder containing the synthetic powder and the Al 2 O 3 powder.
- the amount of Al 2 O 3 powder that meets the requirements is uniformly dispersed.
- Al 2 O 3 segregates at the ZrO 2 grain boundaries and also exists as Al 2 O 3 crystal grains, strengthening the ZrO 2 grain boundaries and improving impact resistance.
- a sintered body with improved mechanical properties can be obtained. If the Al 2 O 3 powder exceeds 0.3 ⁇ m, the size of the Al 2 O 3 crystal particles relative to the ZrO 2 crystal particles becomes too large, making it impossible to make the sintered body structure uniform. Furthermore, if the Al 2 O 3 powder is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it tends to aggregate and cannot be uniformly dispersed.
- the mixed powder preferably contains SiO 2 raw material such that SiO 2 is in the range of 0.2% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less based on the total amount (w), and 0.3% by mass It may be contained in a range of 0.9% by mass or less, or 0.5% by mass or more and 0.7% by mass or less. If the SiO 2 raw material is contained in the mixed powder so that SiO 2 is in the range of 0.2% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less based on the total amount (w), hot water of 40 ° C or more Even when media is used in the media, it is possible to suppress water erosion to the grain boundaries of ZrO 2 in the sintered body constituting the media, and maintain wear resistance.
- SiO 2 powder such as fumed silica, or silica sol such as ethyl silicate or colloidal silica can be used as the SiO 2 source.
- the molding powder obtained by drying the wet-pulverized and/or dispersed mixed powder slurry has a specific surface area of 5 m 2 /g or more and 10 m 2 /g or less as measured by the (r) BET method, and (s )
- the mixed powder slurry is pulverized and/or dispersed so that the average particle size measured by laser diffraction is within the range of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 0.6 ⁇ m or less.
- the obtained mixed powder slurry is dried and sized to have the aggregated powder particle size shown below to obtain a powder for molding.
- a powder for molding is used with a specific surface area and an average particle shape within the above ranges.
- the inside of the compact is uniformly sintered, and a sintered compact having uniform strength can be obtained. If the specific surface area of the mixed powder exceeds 10 m 2 /g or the average particle size of the mixed powder is less than 0.3 ⁇ m, the sinterability will be excessively large when firing the granulated compact. As a result, the inside is sintered non-uniformly, resulting in a sintered body having portions with low strength. In a sintered body having low-strength portions, stress tends to concentrate at weak points, causing cracks and chips to occur, resulting in decreased wear resistance and durability.
- the specific surface area of the mixed powder is less than 5 m 2 /g or the average particle size of the mixed powder exceeds 0.6 ⁇ m, sinterability will decrease, defects will likely remain, and the strength of the sintered body will decrease. , cracks and chips occur, resulting in decreased wear resistance and durability.
- the mixed powder may be wet-pulverized and/or dispersed so that the specific surface area measured by the BET method is in the range of 5.2 m 2 /g to 9.5 m 2 /g. Further, the mixed powder may be wet-pulverized and/or dispersed so that the average particle diameter measured by laser diffraction is within the range of 0.32 ⁇ m or more and 0.59 ⁇ m or less, and may be 0.35 ⁇ m or more. It may be wet-pulverized and/or dispersed so that the particle size is within the range of 0.50 ⁇ m or less.
- the obtained powder for molding is prepared.
- the aggregated powder average particle size of the aggregated powder may be in the range of 1.2 ⁇ m or more and 4.9 ⁇ m or less, or may be in the range of 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 4.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the present inventors newly discovered that not only the specific surface area and average particle diameter of the mixed powder, but also the state of the aggregated powder obtained by drying the mixed powder slurry greatly influences the formability and sinterability. I found it.
- the state of the agglomerated powder obtained by drying the mixed powder slurry greatly affects the wettability with a molding solvent when the molding powder is granulated and molded.
- the powder for molding is prepared by adjusting the conditions, the wettability when granulating the powder for molding will be suitable, and a molded body with a uniform structure and density will be obtained when granulating. be able to.
- the obtained molded body can be fired uniformly, and the density of the obtained sintered body can be made uniform.
- the surfactant added when wet-pulverizing and dispersing the mixed powder sodium polycarboxylate, ammonium polycarboxylate, etc. can be used.
- the surfactant can be used in an amount of 0.1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less based on 100% by mass of the mixed powder contained in the mixed powder slurry, if necessary.
- agglomerated powder refers to powder in which secondary particles are more weakly aggregated. Even in the slurry, the aggregated powder remains in an aggregated state.
- the aggregated powder can be mixed in a test tube at a ratio of 1 part by mass of the aggregated powder and 100 parts by mass of the molding solvent to measure the average particle diameter of the aggregated powder. Specifically, 0.1 g of the agglomerated powder and 10 g of the molding solvent were placed in a test tube, mixed by shaking at the upper limit for 3 seconds, sucked up with a dropper, and the slurry sucked up with the dropper was used for analysis.
- the average particle diameter of the aggregated powder in the slurry can be measured by placing the slurry in a container and irradiating the slurry in the analysis container with a laser beam.
- the molding solvent it is necessary to use the same molding solvent as that used when forming a molded body by granulating the molding powder described later. If the aggregated powder has an average particle size of 1.2 ⁇ m or more and 4.9 ⁇ m or less, it can be used as a molding powder.
- the method for producing zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls includes (u) granulating the obtained molding powder to obtain a molded body.
- a molding solvent is added to the molding powder and granulation molding is performed to obtain a molded body.
- the molding solvent used during molding include water, alcohols, paraffin hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof.
- water include ion exchange water.
- alcohols include alcohols having a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the molded body is preferably formed into a molded body by granulation molding so that the media diameter becomes 0.5 mm or less after firing.
- the method for producing zirconia media or zirconia bearing balls includes (v) firing the obtained molded body at a temperature of 1250° C. or higher and 1600° C. or lower to obtain a ZrO 2 -Y 2 O 3 -based zirconia sintered body. Including.
- the firing temperature is more preferably within the range of 1300°C or higher and 1550°C or lower. When the firing temperature is within the range of 1250° C. or higher and 1600° C. or lower, uniform firing can be achieved and a sintered body with high strength can be obtained.
- the media made of the sintered body obtained by the method for producing zirconia media can satisfy the requirements (a) to (h) above.
- the molded body is preferably fired in an atmospheric atmosphere (oxygen 20% by volume) at standard pressure (0.101 MPa) using a gas furnace or the like.
- the obtained sintered body was polished using a barrel polisher to have a surface roughness Rz (maximum height of the surface roughness curve) of 0.3 ⁇ m or less (Rz ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m) in accordance with JIS B0601:2001. ) It is preferable to polish the surface of the sintered body until it becomes .
- Rz maximum height of the surface roughness curve
- the obtained sintered body can be used as a media.
- Examples 1 to 8 Comparative Examples 1 to 11 Zirconium oxychloride with a purity of 99.9% by mass (catalog value) and yttrium nitrate with a purity of 99.9% by mass (catalog value), the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio in terms of oxide is shown in Table 2.
- the mixture was added to water and mixed to obtain the indicated value to obtain an aqueous solution.
- the aqueous solution was hydrolyzed under heating and reflux at 100° C. to obtain a precipitate of zirconium hydrate containing yttrium.
- the zirconium hydrate containing yttrium was dehydrated and dried at 100°C for 24 hours to obtain a zirconium hydrate containing yttrium.
- Zirconium hydrate containing yttrium was calcined in a gas furnace at standard pressure in an atmospheric atmosphere for 1 hour after reaching the calcining temperature shown in Table 1 to obtain a synthetic powder (processing in (p) above).
- the obtained synthetic powder was wet-dispersed in water so that the content shown in Table 2 based on the total amount was obtained by adding Al 2 O 3 powder with a purity of 99.9% by mass (catalog value) and the necessary amount.
- Fumed silica or silica sol having a purity of 99.9% by mass (catalog value) as a source of SiO 2 was contained in accordance with the above conditions to obtain a mixed powder (processes (q) and (w) above).
- the obtained mixed powder was wet-pulverized and/or dispersed using water as a medium, and the specific surface area measured by the BET method described below was the value shown in Table 1, and the average particle diameter was measured by the laser diffraction method described later.
- a mixed powder slurry having the values shown in Table 1 was obtained.
- the aggregated powder in the slurry for measuring the average particle diameter of the aggregated powder obtained by drying the mixed powder slurry and mixing 1 part by mass of the dried powder and 100 parts by mass of the molding solvent.
- the powder for molding was obtained by drying and sizing so that the average particle size of the aggregated powder measured by the laser diffraction method described below was the value shown in Table 1. Grain grading was performed by classifying with a sieve (process (t) above).
- the molded bodies of Examples and Comparative Examples were fired in a gas furnace at standard pressure in an atmospheric atmosphere for 1 hour after reaching the firing temperature shown in Table 1 to obtain sintered bodies of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- This sintered body is polished using a barrel polishing device so that the surface roughness Rz (maximum height of the surface roughness curve) is 0.3 ⁇ m or less (Rz ⁇ 0.3 ⁇ m) in accordance with JIS B0601:2001.
- the surface of the sintered body was polished until the surface was polished, and the polished sintered body was used as media for crushing and dispersion (processing in (v) above).
- the roughness curve of the surface roughness was measured using a laser microscope (manufactured by Keyence Corporation).
- the specific surface area of the mixed powder slurry was measured by the BET method using a specific surface area measuring device (Tristar II, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- Average Particle Size of Mixed Powder Slurry The average particle size of the mixed powder was determined based on volume using a particle size distribution measuring device (MT3000, manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.) using a laser diffraction method in accordance with JIS Z8825. The average particle diameter of the mixed powder with a cumulative frequency of 50% in the particle size distribution was measured.
- MT3000 manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.
- Aggregated powder average particle diameter of powder for molding Aggregated powder average particle obtained by mixing 1 part by mass of powder obtained by drying mixed powder slurry and 100 parts by mass of ion-exchanged water as a molding solvent
- the agglomerated powder in this slurry was used as a slurry for diameter measurement, and the agglomerated powder in this slurry was measured on a volume basis using a particle size distribution measuring device (MT3000, manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.) using a laser diffraction method in accordance with JIS Z8825.
- the aggregated powder average particle diameter of the aggregated powder with a cumulative frequency of 50% in the particle size distribution was measured.
- the diffraction angles were measured in the range of 27 degrees to 34 degrees and the range of 70 degrees to 77 degrees by X-ray diffraction method. From the obtained results, based on the above formulas (1) to (3), monoclinic zirconia (M) content (volume %), tetragonal zirconia (T) content (volume %), cubic zirconia (C) Content (volume %) was determined.
- the conditions for X-ray diffraction are: X-ray source: CuK ⁇ , output: 40 kV/40 mA, incident side divergence slit: 1/2°, incident side solar slit: 4.1°, light receiving side divergent slit: 5.2 mm, light receiving side.
- Solar slit OPEN, scanning speed: 0.5°/min, scanning axis 2 ⁇ / ⁇ were used.
- Relative Density The apparent density of each media of Examples and Comparative Examples was measured based on gas replacement as defined in JIS R1620. Further, the theoretical density of each media was calculated from the Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio and the Al 2 O 3 content, and the relative density (%) was determined based on the above formula (4). The theoretical density is based on the theoretical density of ZrO 2 in which Y 2 O 3 is dissolved (6.1 g/cm 3 ) and the theoretical density of Al 2 O 3 (3.98 g/m 3 ). It was calculated based on the composition ratio of ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3 in which Y 2 O 3 was dissolved.
- the media were embedded in a curable embedding resin (epoxy resin), and the curable embedding resin was cured.
- the media embedded in the curable embedding resin was ground from the surface toward the center to a depth of less than 100 ⁇ m, the ground surface was polished to a mirror surface by the method described above, and then thermal etching or chemical etching was performed. Thereafter, it was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SU3500, manufactured by Hitachi High-Technology Corporation) at a magnification that allows observation of 100 or more crystal grains in one field of view, and the average crystal grain size was determined by the intercept method. Specifically, 10 straight lines of length L are drawn on the surface where the target crystal grains are visible, and the number of crystal grains crossed by these straight lines is calculated. The average crystal grain size was calculated based on the formula (5).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- a set of ⁇ i and Fi was set up according to the level i of the crushing load value, and the Y axis lnln(1 ⁇ F) ⁇ 1 and the X axis ln ⁇ were plotted.
- a least squares method was applied to the data points of this Weibull plot (lnln(1-F) -1 -ln ⁇ ) to obtain a linear regression line, and its slope was obtained as a Weibull coefficient.
- Crushing load ratio A For each media of Examples and Comparative Examples, the average value Pave (N) of crushing load values measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min for 50 media in the same manner as the measurement of the lowest value of crushing load values.
- the crushing load ratio A (Pmin(N)/Pave(N)) of the lowest crushing load value Pmin(N) was determined based on the above formula (9).
- the load was 50 mN
- the load application rate was 5 mN/sec
- the test load holding time was 1 second
- the unloading speed was The micro-embedding hardness (N/mm 2 ) was measured at 10 points equally spaced in the diameter direction of the cross section of the media at 5 mN/sec. Based on the average value and standard deviation of the micro-embedding hardness measured for 10 media, the coefficient of variation of the micro-embedding hardness was determined based on the above equation (8).
- Bending strength and Weibull coefficient of bending strength In accordance with JIS R1601, 3-point bending strength was measured on 10 samples of test pieces at a span of 30 mm and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the arithmetic mean value was calculated. was taken as the bending strength. Further, from the bending strength, the Weibull coefficient of the bending strength was determined for each of the media of the above-mentioned Examples and Comparative Examples based on the above-mentioned formula (6).
- Fracture toughness Evaluation was performed by three-point bending at a span of 30 mm and a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min using the same test piece as the one used to measure the bending strength using the SENB method.
- the notch had a radius of curvature of 10 ⁇ m at the tip of the notch and a depth of 1.5 mm, and was formed in the center of the tensile surface of the test piece.
- Fracture toughness (K IC ) was determined based on the above-mentioned equations (11) and (12).
- Dispersion treatment Using the media of the examples and comparative examples, a dual apex mill (DAM-015, manufactured by Hiroshima Metal & Machinery Co., Ltd.) was used, the mill member vessel was ZTA (alumina zirconia composite material), and the rotor was UHMV (polyethylene).
- DAM-015 manufactured by Hiroshima Metal & Machinery Co., Ltd.
- ZTA alumina zirconia composite material
- the rotor was UHMV (polyethylene
- the dispersion treatment of the powder to be treated was carried out under the following conditions using the following conditions: a media filling amount was 60% by volume of the mill volume, a rotor circumferential speed was 8 m/s.
- the temperature of the slurry for the first test was 40°C or lower or higher than 40°C. In Example 8, the temperature of the first test slurry was both below 40°C and above 40°C.
- Titanium oxide primary particle diameter 35 nm (catalog value) measured from a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image, specific surface area 37 m 2 /g (catalog value) measured by BET method
- Slurry concentration for first test 10% by mass Slurry flow rate for first test: 160 mL/min Dispersion time: 3 hours
- Powder to be treated Calcium carbonate (average particle diameter 2.1 ⁇ m (catalog value) measured by laser diffraction particle size distribution measurement method, specific surface area 10 m 2 /g (catalog value) measured by BET method)
- Slurry concentration for second test 10% by mass Slurry flow rate for second test: 160 mL/min Dispersion time: 3 hours
- the amount of ZrO2 (mass ppm/hour) contained in the slurry for the first test or the slurry for the second test as media abrasion powder was added to the treated powder (titanium oxide powder) after the dispersion treatment. It was measured by high-frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP) using an ICP emission spectrometer (ICPS-8100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- Table 4 shows the wear rate (mass ppm /hour) obtained by measuring the amount of ZrO2 in the powder to be treated (titanium oxide) after the dispersion treatment.
- Table 5 shows the wear rate (mass ppm/hour) obtained by measuring the amount of ZrO 2 in the powder to be treated (calcium carbonate powder) after the dispersion treatment. The wear rate was calculated using the following formula (13).
- Presence or absence of cracks in the media For the media before dispersion processing and the media after dispersion processing, take out 10% of the total media used and examine them using a digital microscope (VHX-6000, manufactured by Keyence Corporation) at a magnification of 200. The images were visually observed.
- Table 4 shows the presence or absence of cracks in the media after dispersing the powder to be treated (titanium oxide powder), and the presence or absence of cracks in the media after dispersing the powder to be treated (calcium carbonate powder). It is listed in Table 5.
- the media of Examples 1 to 8 satisfy all of the requirements (a) to (h), (j), (k), (n), and (o) described above, and the manufacturing method also satisfies the requirements (p) described above. (w) was satisfied. Furthermore, the media of Examples 1 to 8 satisfy the requirements (x) and (y) described above, and are, for example, material class III of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) bearing balls specified by ASTM International F2094. Or, it satisfied the fracture toughness, bending strength, and Weibull coefficient of bending strength required for grade 3 of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) material for rolling bearings specified in JIS R1669.
- the media of Examples 1 to 5 and Example 8 had a wear rate when used for the pulverization and dispersion treatment of the first test slurry containing the powder to be treated using a medium (water) at a temperature of 40°C or lower. was less than 100 mass ppm/hour, and the wear resistance was excellent.
- the media of Examples 6 and 7 were used to crush and crush the slurry for the first test containing the powder to be treated (titanium oxide powder) with a small primary particle size using a medium (water) at a temperature of over 40°C. When used in dispersion treatment, the wear rate was 101 mass ppm/hour or less, and the wear resistance was excellent even when used in hot water.
- the media of Examples 1 to 7 had no cracks or chips even after pulverization and dispersion treatment, and had excellent durability.
- the media of Examples 2 and 7 also had a wear rate of 1.5 when used for the pulverization and dispersion treatment of the second test slurry containing the powder to be treated (calcium carbonate) with an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m.
- the mass ppm/hour or less was excellent in wear resistance.
- the media satisfying the aforementioned requirements (a) to (h), preferably satisfying the requirements (j), (k), (n) and (o), can be used as a pharmaceutical powder.
- Even in the crushing and dispersion treatment of calcium carbonate it has excellent abrasion resistance, does not cause cracks or chips, and maintains the purity of the treated powder to maintain high purity. I was able to confirm that it is possible.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the media of Example 1.
- the media of Example 1 has a shape close to a true sphere and has excellent wear resistance.
- the media of Comparative Example 1 has a Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of less than 2.5/97.5, a content of tetragonal zirconia of less than 90% by volume, and the above (a) and (c). ) requirements are not met. Furthermore, the media of Comparative Example 1 has a fracture toughness of 4.2 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 and a bending strength of 770 MPa, which does not meet some of the requirements (x) and (y) above. The media of Comparative Example 1 also does not satisfy the above-mentioned process (p) in the manufacturing method. In the media of Comparative Example 1, the content of monoclinic zirconia is as high as 11% by volume, resulting in low mechanical properties and low wear resistance. The crushing load ratio B of the media of Comparative Example 1 also did not satisfy the requirement (o).
- the media of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 do not have an Al 2 O 3 content within the range of 0.1% by mass or more and 30.0% by mass or less, and do not meet the requirement (b) above. Since the media of Comparative Example 2 does not contain Al 2 O 3 , no improvement in sinterability can be obtained, and the relative density is less than 95%, which does not meet the requirement (d) above. Since the mechanical properties were not improved, the minimum crushing load value Pmin(N)>600 ⁇ D 2.0 (requirement (f) above) was not satisfied. The media of Comparative Example 2 also had a Weibull coefficient of crushing load value of less than 10, and did not meet the requirement (g) above.
- the media of Comparative Example 2 has a bending strength of 700 MPa, which does not partially satisfy the above requirement (y). Since the media of Comparative Example 2 also contains media with low strength, stress concentrates on the media with low strength, which tends to cause cracks and chips, resulting in low wear resistance and durability.
- the media of Comparative Example 3 had a relative density of less than 95%, did not meet the requirement (d) above, and many internal defects remained. Since the media of Comparative Example 3 has not improved mechanical properties, it does not satisfy the minimum crushing load value Pmin (N) > 600 x D 2.0 (requirement in (f) above) and has poor durability. Abrasion resistance and durability decrease.
- the coefficient of variation of the micro-indentation hardness measured using an ultra-micro-indentation hardness tester also exceeds 5%.
- the media of Comparative Example 3 has a fracture toughness of 4.8 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 and a bending strength of 690 MPa, which does not meet some of the requirements (x) and (y).
- the wear resistance of the media of Comparative Example 3 further decreases when 40° C. hot water is used in the pulverization and dispersion treatment.
- the media of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 do not satisfy the above treatment (r) in which the specific surface area of the mixed powder is within the range of 5 m 2 /g or more and 10 m 2 /g or less.
- the media of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 did not have a calcination temperature in the range of 600° C. or more and 1200° C. or less when obtaining the synthetic powder, and did not satisfy the above treatment (p).
- the mixed powder has a large specific surface area and is a fine powder, so the sinterability is uneven, the Weibull coefficient of the crushing load value is less than 10, and the above requirements (g ) is not met.
- the media of Comparative Example 5 has a bending strength of 750 MPa and a Weibull coefficient of bending strength of 5.6, which does not meet the requirement (y) above.
- the abrasion resistance further decreases when hot water exceeding 40° C. is used in the pulverization and dispersion treatment.
- the media of Comparative Examples 6 and 7 satisfy the treatment in (t) above, in which the average particle diameter of the aggregated powder obtained by drying the mixed powder slurry is within the range of 1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less. Not yet. In the media of Comparative Example 6, the average particle size of the mixed powder was less than 0.3 ⁇ m, and did not satisfy the above treatment (s).
- the media of Comparative Example 7 has an SiO 2 content of more than 1.0% by mass, and does not meet the requirements (k) or (w).
- the media of Comparative Examples 6 and 7 do not have agglomerated powder average particle size within the range of 1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, so they have poor formability, and the coefficient of variation of the media diameter is 6% or more, and does not meet the above (h).
- the requirements are not met, the particle size distribution of the media diameter is uneven, stress is concentrated on the media with low strength, cracks and chips occur, and wear resistance and durability are reduced.
- the media of Comparative Example 6 does not satisfy the minimum value of crushing load value Pmin(N)>600 ⁇ D2.0 (requirement of (f) above), and the Weibull coefficient of crushing load value and crushing load ratio A However, the above requirements (g) and (n) are not met.
- the media of Comparative Example 6 has a bending strength of 1080 MPa, which does not meet some of the requirements (y) above.
- the content of SiO 2 exceeds 1.0% by mass, a second phase consisting of SiO 2 phase is formed at the grain boundaries of ZrO 2 , and the minimum value of the crushing load value Pmin ( N) > 600 x D 2.0 (requirement (f) above), and crushing load ratio A and crushing load ratio B also do not satisfy requirements (n) and (o).
- the media of Comparative Example 7 has a Weibull coefficient of bending strength of 6.2, and does not meet some of the requirements (y) above.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the media of Comparative Example 7.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the media of Comparative Example 8 has a Y 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 molar ratio of more than 3.2/96.8, and does not meet the requirement (a) above.
- the media of Comparative Example 8 has a high cubic zirconia (C) content of 6% by volume, which leads to a decrease in toughness, and the media with low strength is prone to cracking and chipping, resulting in poor wear resistance and durability. decreases.
- the media of Comparative Example 8 did not satisfy the minimum crushing load value Pmin (N) > 600 ⁇ D 2.0 (requirement of (f) above), and the crushing load ratio A and crushing load ratio B also Does not meet the requirements (n) and (o) above.
- the media of Comparative Example 8 has a bending strength of 980 MPa, which does not meet some of the requirements in (y) above. It was confirmed that the media of Comparative Example 8 had a portion with low strength and a sintered body with cracks as shown in FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 3A is a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the media of Comparative Example 8 before being used for crushing and/or dispersion treatment. Media containing such cracked sintered bodies are subjected to uneven loads during dispersion processing, and after being used for dispersion processing, the sintered bodies are broken into pieces as shown in Figure 3B. confirmed.
- FIG. 3B is a photograph taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the media of Comparative Example 8 after being used for crushing and/or dispersion treatment.
- the media of Comparative Examples 9 and 10 had a firing temperature outside the range of 1250° C. or more and 1600° C. or less, and did not satisfy the above treatment (v). In the media of Comparative Example 9, the firing temperature exceeds 1600 ° C., the crystal grain size becomes excessively large, and the average crystal grain size exceeds 0.5 ⁇ m, so it does not meet the requirement (e) above. .
- the media of Comparative Example 9 had a tetragonal zirconia content of less than 90% by volume, and did not meet the requirement (c) above.
- the media of Comparative Example 9 has a high cubic zirconia (C) content of 11% by volume, which leads to a decrease in toughness, and the media with low strength is prone to cracking and chipping, resulting in poor wear resistance and durability. decreases.
- C cubic zirconia
- the coefficient of variation of the ultra-fine indentation hardness was larger than 5%, and the crushing load ratio B was also less than 0.95, which did not meet the requirements (j) and (o) above.
- the media of Comparative Example 9 has a bending strength of 910 MPa, which does not meet some of the requirements (y) above.
- the media of Comparative Example 10 had a firing temperature of less than 1250° C., and did not satisfy the above treatment (v).
- the media of Comparative Example 10 has a relative density of 90% or less, an average crystal grain size of less than 0.25 ⁇ m, a Weibull coefficient of crushing load value of less than 10, and the above (d), (e) and ( g) requirements are not met.
- the media of Comparative Example 10 does not satisfy the minimum crushing load value Pmin(N)>600 ⁇ D 2.0 (requirement (f) above).
- the media of Comparative Example 10 has a fracture toughness of 4.9 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 and a bending strength of 720 MPa, which does not meet some of the requirements (x) and (y) above.
- the media of Comparative Example 11 does not satisfy the minimum crushing load value Pmin(N)>600 ⁇ D 2.0 (requirement (f) above).
- the crushing load ratio A and the crushing load ratio B also do not satisfy the requirements (n) and (o).
- the media of Comparative Example 11 has an SiO 2 content of more than 1.0% by mass, and does not meet the requirement (k) above.
- the media of Comparative Example 11 has a fracture toughness of 4.8 MPa ⁇ m 1/2 and a bending strength of 1030 MPa, which does not meet some of the requirements (x) and (y) above.
- the content of SiO 2 exceeds 1.0% by mass, so a second phase consisting of SiO 2 phase is formed at the grain boundaries of ZrO 2 , causing cracks and chips. Abrasion resistance and durability decrease. The wear resistance of the media of Comparative Example 11 further decreases when hot water exceeding 40° C. is used in the pulverization and dispersion treatment.
- the media of Comparative Example 12 does not satisfy the above treatment (r) because the specific surface area of the mixed powder exceeds 10 m 2 /g.
- the media of Comparative Example 12 has too high sinterability, so the structure is not uniformly sintered, and the coefficient of variation of ultra-fine indentation hardness exceeds 5%, which does not meet the requirement (j).
- the crushing load ratio A of the media of Comparative Example 12 does not satisfy the requirement (n).
- the Weibull coefficient of the crushing load of the media of Comparative Example 12 does not meet the requirement (g) above.
- the media of Comparative Example 12 had a Weibull coefficient of bending strength of 5.8, and did not meet some of the requirements (y) above.
- the strength of the media is not uniform, stress is concentrated on the media with low strength, resulting in a decrease in wear resistance.
- the zirconia media according to the present disclosure suppresses cracking and chipping, has excellent wear resistance and durability, and maintains high purity of the powder to be processed even when used under high load in a bead mill that rotates at high speed. can do.
- the zirconia media according to the present disclosure has consistent sintering properties and high mechanical properties, so it can be used not only for powders used in electronic component materials, but also for pulverization of pharmaceutical powders that need to maintain high purity. - Can be fully used as a medium for distributed processing.
- Si 3 N 4 silicon nitride
- Si 3 N 4 silicon nitride
- JIS R1669 JIS R1669. Since it satisfies the fracture toughness, bending strength, and Weibull coefficient of bending strength required for grade 3 Si 3 N 4 ) material, it can be fully used as a bearing ball.
- Bearings with zirconia bearing balls can be used in wind generators, airplanes, cars, bicycles, trains, refrigerators, air conditioners, vacuum cleaners, copy machines, washing machines, massage chairs, cameras, electric screwdrivers, personal computers, automatic ticket gates, walking It can be used for sidewalks, elevators, conveyors, etc., as well as medical equipment such as computed tomography (CT), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dental handpieces.
- CT computed tomography
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
微小メディアは、大きさが小さいため、ミル内に多量に投入する必要がある。投入したメディアの中に僅かに低強度のメディアが存在すると、ミル内での高速回転により、メディアに高負荷がかかり、メディアの破損の原因となりやすい。メディアの破損により破片が発生すると、その破片が粉砕されて被処理粉体中に異物となって混入する虞がある。また、粉砕・分散条件によってはミル内のスラリー温度が高くなり、メディアの強度劣化や耐摩耗性低下による異物の混入などが起こる場合がある。
しかしながら、ビーズミルで粉体の粉砕及び分散処理を行うとき、平均粒径、密度、真球度のバラツキを抑制するだけでは、メディアの強度やメディア内部に存在する欠陥への応力集中による割れや欠けの発生を抑制することはできない。つまり、特許文献1には、ビーズの強度のバラツキについては言及されておらず、平均粒径、密度、真球度のバラツキを抑制しても強度のバラツキは抑制されない。
しかしながら、ZrO2-Y2O3系ジルコニア質焼結体の化学組成を調整しても、微小メディア全体の特性のバラツキを抑制することは記載されていない。高負荷がかかる微小メディアとして使用した場合に、微小メディア全体が所定の強度を満たしていないと、僅かに強度の低い微小メディアへの応力集中により、割れや欠けが発生する虞がある。
しかしながら、球体内部と表面付近の平均結晶粒子径の均一性が調整されていても、微小メディア全体の強度のバラツキが抑制されていないと、被処理粉体を粉砕・分散する際に僅かに強度の低い微小メディアへの応力集中により、割れや欠けが発生する虞がある。
しかしながら、ZrO2-Y2O3系ジルコニア質焼結体の化学組成を調整しても微小メディア全体の特性のバラツキを抑制することは記載されていない。高負荷がかかる微小メディアとして使用した場合に、微小メディア全体が所定の強度を満たしていない場合には、特許文献2と同様に、僅かに強度の低い微小メディアへの応力集中により、割れや欠けが発生する虞があり、耐久性の低下に繋がる可能性がある。
(b)Al2O3の含有量が0.1質量%以上30.0質量%以下の範囲内であり、
(c)正方晶系ジルコニアを90体積%以上含有し、
(d)相対密度が95%以上であり、
(e)平均結晶粒径が0.25μm以上0.50μm以下の範囲内であり、
(f)クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧懐荷重値の最低値がPmin(N)>600×D2.0(Dはメディア直径の平均値)であり、
(g)圧壊荷重値のワイブル係数が10以上であり、
(h)走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認したSEM画像において確認できるメディアの最大径をメディア直径とし、200個のメディアのメディア直径の平均値と標準偏差から導き出されるメディア直径の変動係数が6%未満であり、
前記(a)から(h)の要件を満たす、ジルコニア質メディアである。
(b)Al2O3の含有量が0.1質量%以上30.0質量%以下の範囲内であり、
(c)正方晶系ジルコニアを90体積%以上含有し、
(d)相対密度が95%以上であり、
(e)平均結晶粒径が0.25μm以上0.50μm以下の範囲内であり、
(f)クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧懐荷重値の最低値がPmin(N)>600×D2.0(Dはメディア直径の平均値)であり、
(g)圧壊荷重値のワイブル係数が10以上であり、
(h)走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認したSEM画像において確認できるメディアの最大径をメディア直径とし、200個のメディアのメディア直径の平均値と標準偏差から導き出されるメディア直径の変動係数が6%未満であり、
(x)破壊靭性が5.0MPa・m1/2を超え、
(y)曲げ強さが1100MPaを超えて、曲げ強さのワイブル係数が7を超える、ジルコニアベアリングボールである。
(q)全体量に対してAl2O3の含有量が0.1質量%以上30.0質量%以下の範囲内となるようにAl2O3粉体とを混合して、混合粉体とし、
(r)前記混合粉体を湿式で粉砕及び/又は分散した混合粉体スラリーを乾燥した粉体のBET法で測定した比表面積が5m2/g以上10m2/g以下の範囲内となり、
(s)前記混合粉体スラリーをレーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して測定した体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の平均粒子径が0.3μm以上0.6μm以下の範囲内となるように湿式で、粉砕及び/又は分散し、
(t)前記混合粉体スラリーを乾燥させた粉体の1質量部と成形用溶媒の100質量部とを混合して得られた凝集粉体平均粒子径測定用のスラリー中の凝集した粉体のレーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して測定した体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の凝集粉体平均粒子径が1μm以上5μm以下の範囲内となるように、乾燥し、整粒して得られた成形用粉体を準備し、
(u)前記成形用粉体を造粒成形し、成形体を得て、
(v)前記成形体を1250℃以上1600℃以下の範囲内で焼成し、ZrO2-Y2O3系ジルコニア質の焼結体を得ることを含み、前記焼結体からなるジルコニア質メディアの製造方法である。
(q)全体量に対してAl2O3の含有量が0.1質量%以上30.0質量%以下の範囲内となるようにAl2O3粉体とを混合して、混合粉体とし、
(r)前記混合粉体を湿式で粉砕及び/又は分散した混合粉体スラリーを乾燥した粉体のBET法で測定した比表面積が5m2/g以上10m2/g以下の範囲内となり、
(s)前記混合粉体スラリーをレーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して測定した体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の平均粒子径が0.3μm以上0.6μm以下の範囲内となるように湿式で、粉砕及び/又は分散し、
(t)前記混合粉体スラリーを乾燥させた粉体の1質量部と成形用溶媒の100質量部とを混合して得られた凝集粉体平均粒子径測定用のスラリー中の凝集した粉体のレーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して測定した体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の凝集粉体平均粒子径が1μm以上5μm以下の範囲内となるように、乾燥し、整粒して得られた成形用粉体を準備し、
(u)前記成形用粉体を造粒成形し、成形体を得て、
(v)前記成形体を1250℃以上1600℃以下の範囲内で焼成し、ZrO2-Y2O3系ジルコニア質の焼結体を得ることを含み、前記焼結体からなるジルコニアベアリングボールの製造方法である。
メディアを硬化型埋込樹脂に直径が10mm以上の円の面積以上となるように配置し、硬化型埋込樹脂を硬化する。硬化した硬化型埋込樹脂に埋め込まれたメディアの断面における直径の約3分の1まで研削する。研削面を、4~8μmのダイヤモンド砥粒、更に3μm以下のダイヤモンド砥粒にて深さ5μm以上ラッピングし、最後に1μm以下のダイヤモンド砥粒にてポリッシングを行って、JIS B0601:2001に準拠した面粗さRzが0.050μm未満(面粗さRz<0.05μm)になるように鏡面研磨し、X線回折法により回折角が27度から34度の範囲で測定する。測定により得られた結果から下記式(1)から単斜晶系ジルコニア(M)含有量(体積%)を求めることができる。本明細書において硬化型埋込樹脂は、例えばポリエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、又はエポキシ樹脂を用いることができる。
さらに上記の結果に基づいて、正方晶系ジルコニア(T)含有量を下記式(3)から求めることができる。
ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールは、(e)平均結晶粒径が0.25μm以上0.50μm以下の範囲内である。ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールの(e)平均結晶粒径は、0.26μm以上0.48μm以下の範囲でもよく、0.3μm以上0.45μm以下の範囲内でもよい。ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールの(e)平均結晶粒径が0.25μm未満であると、靭性が低下し、高負荷がかかるミル内でチッピングや割れが発生しやくなり、被処理粉体の高純度を保つことが難しくなる。ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールの(e)平均結晶粒径が0.5μmを超えると、耐摩耗性及び耐久性が低下する。ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールの耐摩耗性は、ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールを構成する焼結体の表面近傍の結晶の微細構造に左右される。そのため、ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールの平均結晶粒径は、メディアの表面から中心部方向にメディア直径の10%以内を測定することが好ましい。ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールの平均結晶粒径は次ぎのように測定することができる。
メディアを構成する焼結体を硬化型埋込樹脂に埋め込み、硬化型埋込樹脂を硬化する。硬化した硬化型埋込樹脂に埋め込まれた焼結体の表面から中心方向に向けてメディア直径の10%未満となるように研削し、研削面を結晶相の測定を行った測定面と同様の方法でJIS B0601:2001に準拠した面粗さRz<0.05μmに鏡面研磨する。次いで熱エッチング又は化学エッチングを施した後、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で1視野に結晶粒が100個以上観察できる倍率で観察し、インターセプト法により平均結晶粒径を求めることができる。具体的には、対象となる結晶粒が見える面に長さLの直線を引き、この直線が横切った結晶粒の個数を求める。直線の端がその内部にある結晶粒は、1/2個と数える。平均結晶粒径は、下記式(5)から求めることができる。長さLの直線を2から5引いて、平均結晶粒径を求めることが好ましい。
圧壊荷重値は、材料試験機を用いて2枚のダイヤモンド焼結体又は窒化ホウ素(BN)焼結体にメディア1個を挟み、クロスヘッドスピード(板間の距離を縮める速度)0.5mm/分でメディアに荷重を加え、破壊したときの荷重値をいう。50個のメディアの圧壊荷重値を測定し、その中で最も低い圧壊荷重値を最低値Pmin(N)とする。
本明細書において、ワイブル係数は、50個のメディアの圧壊荷重値又は曲げ強さをワイブルプロットしたときのワイブル係数である。ワイブル係数は、次のように求めることができる。各準位i(i=1~n)の圧壊荷重値又は曲げ強さσに対して、平均ランク法を用いて下記式(6)から累積破壊確率を求める。下記式(6)において、曲げ強さのワイブル係数を求める場合は、圧壊荷重値を曲げ強さに置き換えて求める。圧壊荷重値又は曲げ強さの準位iに従って、σi及びFiの組を立てて、Y軸lnln(1-F)―1、X軸lnσをプロットする。このワイブルプロット(lnln(1-F)-1-lnσ)のデータ点に最小二乗法を適用して、線形回帰直線を求め、その傾きをワイブル係数mとして求める。
ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールは、(j)ISO 14577に準拠して、1個のメディアを硬化型埋込樹脂中に埋め込み、硬化型埋込樹脂を硬化させ、メディアの直径の40%から50%まで研削し、研削面を結晶相の測定を行った測定面と同様の方法で、JIS B0601:2001に準拠した面粗さRz<0.05μmになるように鏡面研磨した後、超微小押し込み硬さ試験機を用いて研磨したメディアの断面の微小押し込み硬さを等間隔で10か所測定し、10個のメディアについて測定した微小押し込み硬さの平均値と標準偏差から導き出される微小押し込み硬さの変動係数が5%以下である、ことが好ましい。
ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールは、(k)SiO2の含有量が0.2質量%以上1.0質量%以下の範囲内である、ことが好ましい。
ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールは、(n)クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave(N)に対する圧壊荷重値の最低値Pmin(N)の圧壊荷重比A(Pmin(N)/Pave(N))が0.8以上である、ことが好ましい。
ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールは、(o)クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave(N)に対するクロスヘッドスピード0.1mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave0.1(N)の圧壊荷重比B(Pave0.1(N)/Pave(N))が0.95以上である、ことが好ましい。
圧壊荷重値は、メディアを構成する焼結体の結晶の粒界強度、内部欠陥のサイズや数に影響を受ける。そのため、メディアは、メディアの径分布の均一性を示す変動係数のみならず、圧壊荷重比Aが0.8以上であれば、個々のメディアが均一な強度を有しているといえる。ジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールが、圧壊荷重比Aが0.8以上であれば、耐衝撃性、耐摩耗性及び耐久性を維持する均一な強度を有しているといえる。
圧壊荷重値の平均値は、圧壊荷重値の最低値Pmin(N)の測定と同様に、圧壊荷重値を測定し、50個のメディアの圧壊荷重値の平均値をPave(N)とする。圧壊荷重比Aは、下記式(9)から求めることができる。
圧壊荷重値は、負荷速度が遅い方が、メディア内の不均一性や欠陥等の強度の低い組織に応力集中しやすくなり、圧壊荷重値が低下する傾向がある。クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave(N)に対するクロスヘッドスピード0.1mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave0.1(N)の圧壊荷重比Bが0.95以上であれば、メディア内がより均一な強度を有していること表し、耐衝撃性、耐摩耗性及び耐久性に優れていることを表す。
クロスヘッドスピード0.1mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave0.1(N)は、50個のメディアの圧壊荷重値の平均値をPave0.1(N)とする。圧壊荷重比Bは、下記式(10)から求めることができる。
本件発明のジルコニア質メディア又はジルコニアベアリングボールの製造方法は、(p)Y2O3/ZrO2モル比が2.5/97.5以上3.2/96.8以下の範囲内になるようにジルコニウム原料とイットリウム原料を混合し、加水分解し、得られたジルコニウムとイットリウムの水和物を600℃以上1200℃以下の範囲で仮焼して得られた合成粉体と、
(q)全体量に対してAl2O3の含有量が0.1質量%以上30.0質量%以下の範囲内となるようにAl2O3粉体とを混合して、混合粉体とし、
(r)前記混合粉体を湿式で粉砕及び/又は分散した混合粉体スラリーを乾燥した粉体のBET法で測定した比表面積が5m2/g以上10m2/g以下の範囲内となり、
(s)前記混合粉体スラリーをレーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して測定した体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の平均粒子径が0.3μm以上0.6μm以下の範囲内となるように湿式で、粉砕及び/又は分散し、
(t)前記混合粉体スラリーを乾燥させた粉体の1質量部と成形用溶媒の100質量部とを混合して得られた凝集粉体平均粒子径測定用のスラリー中の凝集した粉体のレーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して測定した体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の凝集粉体平均粒子径が1μm以上5μm以下の範囲内となるように、乾燥し、整粒して得られた成形用粉体を準備し、
(u)前記成形用粉体を造粒成形し、成形体を得て、
(v)前記成形体を1250℃以上1600℃以下の範囲内で焼成し、ZrO2-Y2O3系ジルコニア質の焼結体を得ることを含む。
本発明者等は、混合粉体の比表面積及び平均粒子径のみならず、混合粉体スラリーを乾燥させた凝集した粉体の状態も、成形性及び焼結性に大きく影響することを新たに見出した。
混合粉体スラリーを乾燥させた凝集した粉体の状態は、成形用粉体を造粒成形するときの成形用溶媒との濡れ性に大きく影響する。混合粉体を乾燥させた凝集した粉体の凝集粉体平均粒子径が1μm以上5μm以下の範囲内となるように湿式での粉砕、分散条件及び適した界面活性剤の添加、乾燥、整粒の条件を調整して成形用粉体を準備すれば、成形用粉体を造粒成形する時の濡れ性が好適であり、造粒成形する時に組織や成形体密度の均一な成形体とすることができる。得られた成形体は、均一に焼成することができ、得られる焼結体の密度を均一にすることができる。混合粉体を湿式で粉砕、分散するときに添加する界面活性剤は、ポリカルボン酸ナトリウム塩、ポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩等を用いることができる。界面活性剤は、必要に応じて混合粉体スラリーに含まれる混合粉体の100質量%に対して0.1質量%以上5質量%以下の範囲で使用することができる。得られた成形体は、均一に焼成されることによって、焼成による収縮差を無くすことができる。
本明細書において、凝集した粉体は、二次粒子が更に弱く凝集した状態の粉体をいう。スラリー中であっても、凝集した粉体は凝集状態を維持している。
凝集した粉体は、試験管に凝集した粉体の1質量部と、成形用溶媒の100質量部の割合で混合して凝集粉体平均粒子径を測定できる。具体的には、試験管に凝集した粉体を0.1gと、成形用溶媒を10g、入れて、3秒間、上限に振り交ぜて混合し、スポイトで吸い取り、スポイトで吸い取ったスラリーを分析用容器に入れ、分析用容器内のスラリーにレーザー光を照射して、スラリー中の凝集した粉体の凝集粉体平均粒子径を測定することができる。成形用溶媒は、後述する成形用粉体を造粒成形し、成形体とするときの成形用溶媒と同様のものを用いる必要がある。凝集した粉体の凝集粉体平均粒子径が1.2μm以上4.9μm以下の範囲内であれば、成形用粉体とすることができる。
純度が99.9質量%(カタログ値)のオキシ塩化ジルコニウムと、純度が99.9質量%(カタログ値)の硝酸イットリウムを、酸化物換算のY2O3/ZrO2モル比が表2に示す値となるように水に入れて混合し、水溶液を得た。次いで、水溶液を100℃の加熱還流下で加水分解し、イットリウムを含むジルコニウム水和物の沈殿物を得た。イットリウムを含むジルコニウム水和物を脱水し、100℃で24時間乾燥して、イットリウムを含むジルコニウム水和物を得た。イットリウムを含むジルコニウム水和物を、表1に示す仮焼温度に達してから1時間、大気雰囲気、標準気圧のガス炉で仮焼し、合成粉体を得た(前記(p)の処理)。
得られた合成粉体を、水に湿式分散し全体量に対して表2に示す含有量となるように、純度が99.9質量%(カタログ値)のAl2O3粉体と、必要に応じてSiO2源となる純度が99.9質量%(カタログ値)のヒュームドシリカもしくはシリカゾルを含有させ、混合粉体を得た(前記(q)及び(w)の処理)。
得られた混合粉体を、水を媒体として、湿式で粉砕及び/又は分散し、後述するBET法で測定した比表面積が表1に示す数値となり、後述するレーザー回折法で測定した平均粒子径が表1に示す数値となる、混合粉体スラリーを得た。(前記(r)及び(s)の処理)
混合粉体スラリーを乾燥させて、乾燥させた粉体の1質量部と成形用溶媒の100質量部を混合して得られた凝集粉体平均粒子径測定用のスラリー中の凝集した粉体の後述するレーザー回折法で測定した凝集粉体平均粒子径が表1に示す数値となるように、乾燥し、整粒して、成形用粉体を得た。整粒は、篩により分級することにより行った(前記(t)の処理)。
混合粉体スラリーの比表面積は、比表面積測定装置(Tristar II、株式会社島津製作所製)を用いて、BET法により測定した。
混合粉体の平均粒子径は、レーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して、粒子径分布測定装置(MT3000、マイクロトラック・ベル株式会社製)を用いて、体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の混合粉体の平均粒子径を測定した。
混合粉体スラリーを乾燥させた粉体の1質量部と、成形用溶媒としてイオン交換水の100質量部とを混合して得られ凝集粉体平均粒子径測定用のスラリーとし、このスラリー中の凝集した粉体について、レーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して、粒子径分布測定装置(MT3000、マイクロトラック・ベル株式会社製)を用いて、体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の凝集した粉体の凝集粉体平均粒子径を測定した。
実施例及び比較例の各メディアについて、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)(SU3500、株式会社日立ハイテク製)を用いて、メディア200個の画像を撮影した。撮影した画像を、画像解析ソフト(Image-Pro Plus、株式会社日本ローパー製)を用いて、メディアの最大径を、メディア直径とし、200個のメディアのメディア直径の粒度分布を作成した。200個のメディアのメディア直径の平均値と、標準偏差を求め、前記式(7)に基づき、メディア直径の変動係数を求めた。
実施例及び比較例の各メディアについて、焼結体からなるメディアを硬化型埋込樹脂に直径が10mm以上の円の面積以上となるように配置した。硬化型埋込樹脂(エポキシ樹脂)を硬化し、硬化型埋込樹脂に埋め込まれた焼結体からなるメディアの断面における直径の約3分の1まで研削し、前述の方法により研削面の面粗さをJIS B0601:2001に準拠した面粗さRz<0.05μmになるように鏡面研磨した。X線回折法により回折角が27度から34度の範囲と70度から77度の範囲で測定した。得られた結果から前記式(1)から(3)に基づき、単斜晶系ジルコニア(M)含有量(体積%)、正方晶系ジルコニア(T)含有量(体積%)、立方晶系ジルコニア(C)含有量(体積%)を求めた。
X線回折の条件は、X線源:CuKα、出力:40kV/40mA、入射側発散スリット:1/2°、入射側ソーラースリット:4.1°、受光側発散スリット:5.2mm、受光側ソーラースリット:OPEN、スキャンスピード:0.5°/分、走査軸2θ/θ、を用いた。
実施例及び比較例の各メディアについて、JIS R1620に定められる気体置換に基づきみかけ密度を測定した。さらにY2O3/ZrO2モル比と、Al2O3含有量から、各メディアの理論密度を算出し、前記式(4)に基づき、相対密度(%)を求めた。理論密度は、Y2O3が固溶したZrO2の理論密度(6.1g/cm3)と、Al2O3の理論密度(3.98g/m3)と、に基づき、焼結体のY2O3が固溶したZrO2とAl2O3の組成比により算出した。
実施例及び比較例の各メディアについて、メディアを硬化型埋込樹脂(エポキシ樹脂)に埋め込み、硬化型埋込樹脂を硬化した。硬化型埋込樹脂に埋め込まれたメディアの表面から中心方向に向けて100μm未満となるように研削し、研削面を前述の方法により鏡面まで研磨し、次いで熱エッチング又は化学エッチングを施した。その後、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)(SU3500、株式会社日立ハイテク製)で1視野に結晶粒が100個以上観察できる倍率で観察し、インターセプト法により平均結晶粒径を求めた。具体的には、対象となる結晶粒が見える面に長さLの直線を10本引き、この直線が横切った結晶粒の個数を求め、直線の端がその内部にある結晶粒は、1/2個と数え、前記式(5)に基づき、平均結晶粒径を求めた。
実施例及び比較例の各メディアについて、万能材料試験機(5965、インストロン社製)を用い、加圧板に窒化ホウ素(BN)焼結体を用いて、1個のメディアを2枚の加圧板の間に挟んでクロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で荷重を加え、破壊した時の圧力を圧壊荷重値として測定した。50個のメディアの圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave(N)と、50個のメディアの圧壊荷重値の最低値をPmin(N)とした。また、メディア直径の平均値(D)から600とD2.0の積を求め、規定値(600×D2.0)とした。
実施例及び比較例の各メディアについて、圧壊荷重値の最低値の測定と同様にして、50個のメディアの圧壊荷重値をワイブルプロットし、各準位i(i=1~n)の圧壊荷重値σに対して、平均ランク法を用いて前記式(6)から累積破壊確率を求めた。圧壊荷重値の準位iに従って、σi及びFiの組を立てて、Y軸lnln(1-F)―1、X軸lnσをプロットした。このワイブルプロット(lnln(1-F)-1-lnσ)のデータ点に最小二乗法を適用して、線形回帰直線を求め、その傾きをワイブル係数として求めた。
実施例及び比較例の各メディアについて、圧壊荷重値の最低値の測定と同様にして、50個のメディアのクロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave(N)に対する圧壊荷重値の最低値Pmin(N)の圧壊荷重比A(Pmin(N)/Pave(N))を、前記式(9)に基づき、求めた。
実施例及び比較例の各メディアについて、圧壊荷重値の最低値の測定と同様にして、50個のメディアのクロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Paveに対するクロスヘッドスピード0.1mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave0.1(N)の圧壊荷重比B(Pave0.1(N)/Pave(N))を、前記式(10)に基づき、求めた。
実施例及び比較例の各メディアについて、1個のメディアを硬化型埋込樹脂(エポキシ樹脂)中に埋め込み、硬化型埋込樹脂を硬化させた。メディアの直径の40%から50%まで研削し断面を前述の方法によりJIS B0601:2001に準拠した面粗さRz<0.05μmになるように鏡面研磨した。その後、超微小押し込み硬さ試験機(ENT-1100a、株式会社エリオニクス製)を用いて、バーコビッチ型圧子を用い、荷重50mN、荷重印加速度5mN/秒、試験荷重保持時間1秒、除荷速度5mN/秒で、メディアの断面の直径方向に等間隔で10か所の微小埋め込み硬さ(N/mm2)を測定した。10個のメディアについて測定した微小埋め込み硬さの平均値と標準偏差から前記式(8)に基づき、超微小押し込み硬さの変動係数を求めた。
加工用サンプルの作製
実施例及び比較例の各成形用粉体を、株式会社神戸製鋼所製のSr.CIP-Mを用いて、1000kgf/cm2で冷間等方圧加圧(CIP、Cold isostatic press)成形し、その後メディアと同様の条件で焼成し、加工用サンプルを作製した。加工用サンプルを#140のダイヤモンドホイールで縦3mm×横4mm×厚さ45mmの大きさに研削加工し、テストピースを作製した。
曲げ強さ及び曲げ強さのワイブル係数
JIS R1601に準拠して、スパン30mm、クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で、3点曲げ強さの測定をテストピースの10サンプルについて行い、その算術平均値を曲げ強さとした。また、曲げ強さから前述の
実施例及び比較例の各メディアについて、前述の式(6)に基づき、曲げ強さのワイブル係数を求めた。
SENB法により、曲げ強さを測定したテストピースと同様のテストピースを用いて、スパン30mm、クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で、3点曲げにより評価した。ノッチは、ノッチ先端の曲率半径が10μm、深さ1.5mmで、テストピースの引っ張り面の中央に加工した。破壊靭性は、前述の式(11)及び(12)に基づき、破壊靭性(KIC)を求めた。
実施例及び比較例のメディアを用いて、デュアルアペックスミル(DAM-015、株式会社広島メタル&マシナリー製)を用いて、ミル部材ベッセルはZTA(アルミナジルコニア複合材料)、ローターはUHMV(ポリエチレン製)を使用し、メディア充填量をミル容積の60容積%とし、ローター周速8m/sとし、以下の条件で被処理粉体の分散処理を行った。第1試験用スラリーの温度は40℃以下の温度、又は、40℃を超える温度で行った。実施例8については、第1試験用スラリーの温度が40℃以下の温度と40℃を超える温度と両方の温度で行った。
被処理粉体:酸化チタン(透過型電顕微鏡(TEM)の画像から測定した一次粒子径35nm(カタログ値)、BET法で測定した比表面積37m2/g(カタログ値))
第1試験用スラリー濃度:10質量%
第1試験用スラリー流量:160mL/分
分散時間:3時間
実施例2及び7のメディアと、比較例6及び8のメディアを用いて、デュアルアペックスミル(DAM-015、株式会社広島メタル&マシナリー製)を用いて、ミル部材ベッセルはZTA(アルミナジルコニア複合材料)、ローターはUHMV(ポリエチレン製)を使用し、メディア充填量をミル容積の60容積%とし、ローター周速8m/sとし、以下の条件で被処理粉体を水に混合して第2試験用スラリーとし、分散処理を行った。分散処理の温度は、表5に記載した。
被処理粉体:炭酸カルシウム(レーザー回折粒度分布測定法よる平均粒子径2.1μm(カタログ値)、BET法で測定した比表面積10m2/g(カタログ値))
第2試験用スラリー濃度:10質量%
第2試験用スラリー流量:160mL/分
分散時間:3時間
分散処理を行った後、メディア摩耗粉として第1試験用スラリー又は第2試験用スラリーに含まれるZrO2量(質量ppm/時間)を、分散処理後の被処理粉体(酸化チタン粉体及び炭酸カルシウム粉体)から高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法(ICP)により、ICP発光分析装置(ICPS-8100、株式会社島津製作所製)を用いて測定した。分散処理後の被処理粉体(酸化チタン)中のZrO2量を測定した摩耗率(質量ppm/時間)を表4に記載した。また、分散処理後の被処理粉体(炭酸カルシウム粉体)中のZrO2量を測定した摩耗率(質量ppm/時間)を表5に記載した。摩耗率は、下記式(13)により算出した。
分散処理前のメディアと、分散処理後のメディアについて、使用したメディア全体の10%のメディアを取り出し、デジタルマイクロスコープ(VHX-6000、株式会社キーエンス製)を用いて、200倍率の画像を目視で観察した。被処理粉体(酸化チタン粉体)を分散処理した後のメディアの割れの有無を表4に記載し、被処理粉体(炭酸カルシウム粉体)を分散処理した後のメディアの割れの有無を表5に記載した。
比較例4のメディアは、超微小押し込み硬さ試験機を用い測定した硬度の変動係数も5%を超えて大きくなり、圧壊荷重比Aも0.8未満となり、前記(j)及び(n)の要件を満たしていない。
比較例5のメディアは、比表面積が小さく焼結性が低くなるため、焼結体の内部に欠陥が残存し、相対密度が95%未満であり、前記(d)の要件を満たしていない。比較例5のメディアは、圧壊荷重値の最低値Pmin(N)>600×D2.0(前記(f)の要件)を満たしていない。比較例5のメディアは、曲げ強さが750MPaであり、曲げ強さのワイブル係数が5.6であり、前記(y)の要件を満たしていない。
比較例4及び5のメディアは、粉砕・分散処理において、40℃を超える温水が使用されると、耐摩耗性がさらに低下する。
比較例6のメディアは、圧壊荷重値の最低値Pmin(N)>600×D2.0(前記(f)の要件)、を満たしておらず、圧壊荷重値のワイブル係数及び圧壊荷重比Aも、前記(g)及び(n)の要件を満たしていない。比較例6のメディアは、曲げ強さが1080MPaであり、前記(y)の一部の要件を満たしていない。
比較例7のメディアは、SiO2の含有量が1.0質量%を超えており、ZrO2の結晶粒界にSiO2相からなる第2相が形成され、圧壊荷重値の最低値Pmin(N)>600×D2.0(前記(f)の要件)、を満たしておらず、圧壊荷重比A及び圧壊荷重比Bも、前記(n)及び(o)の要件を満たしていない。比較例7のメディアは、曲げ強さのワイブル係数が6.2であり、前記(y)の一部の要件を満たしていない。
比較例7のメディアは、成形体の内部が不均一であるため、不均一に焼成収縮が進み、図2に示すような異形焼結体が存在することが確認された。図2は、比較例7のメディアの走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で撮影した写真である。このような異形焼結体を含むメディアは分散処理を行う際に不均一な負荷がかかり、割れや欠けが発生しやすく、耐摩耗性及び耐久性が低くなり、使用後のメディアには、割れや欠けが確認された。
比較例8のメディアは、強度の低い部分が存在し、図3Aに示すようなヒビ割れが入った焼結体が存在することが確認された。図3Aは、粉砕及び/又は分散処理に使用する前の比較例8のメディアの走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で撮影した写真である。このようなヒビ割れが入った焼結体を含むメディアは分散処理を行う際に不均一な負荷がかかり、分散処理に使用した後は、図3Bに示すような焼結体が割れた破片が確認された。図3Bは、粉砕及び/又は分散処理に使用する後の比較例8のメディアの走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で撮影した写真である。
比較例9のメディアは、焼成温度が1600℃を超えており、結晶粒径が過剰に大きくなって、平均結晶粒径が0.5μmを超えており、前記(e)の要件を満たしていない。比較例9のメディアは、正方晶系ジルコニアの含有量が90体積%未満であり、前記(c)の要件を満たしていない。比較例9のメディアは、立方晶系ジルコニア(C)の含有量が11体積%と多くなり、靭性の低下につながり、強度の低いメディアに割れや欠けが発生しやすく、耐摩耗性及び耐久性が低下する。比較例9のメディアは、超微小押し込み硬さの変動係数も5%を超えて大きくなり、圧壊荷重比Bも0.95未満となり、前記(j)及び(o)の要件を満たしていない。比較例9のメディアは、曲げ強さが910MPaであり、前記(y)の一部の要件を満たしていない。
比較例10のメディアは、焼成温度が1250℃未満であり、前記(v)の処理を満たしていない。比較例10のメディアは、焼結が不純分となり、欠陥が残存して強度が低下し、耐摩耗性及び耐久性が低下する。比較例10のメディアは、相対密度が90%以下であり、平均結晶粒径が0.25μm未満であり、圧壊荷重値のワイブル係数も10未満であり、前記(d)、(e)及び(g)の要件を満たしていない。比較例10のメディアは、圧壊荷重値の最低値Pmin(N)>600×D2.0(前記(f)の要件)、を満たしていない。比較例10のメディアは、破壊靭性が4.9MPa・m1/2であり、曲げ強さが720MPaであり、前記(x)及び(y)の一部の要件を満たしていない。
Claims (10)
- (a)ZrO2-Y2O3系ジルコニア質の焼結体からなり、Y2O3/ZrO2モル比が2.5/97.5以上3.2/96.8以下の範囲内であり、
(b)Al2O3の含有量が0.1質量%以上30.0質量%以下の範囲内であり、
(c)正方晶系ジルコニアを90体積%以上含有し、
(d)相対密度が95%以上であり、
(e)平均結晶粒径が0.25μm以上0.50μm以下の範囲内であり、
(f)クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧懐荷重値の最低値がPmin(N)>600×D2.0(Dはメディア直径の平均値)であり、
(g)圧壊荷重値のワイブル係数が10以上であり、
(h)走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認したSEM画像において確認できるメディアの最大径をメディア直径とし、200個のメディアのメディア直径の平均値と標準偏差から導き出されるメディア直径の変動係数が6%未満であり、
前記(a)から(h)の要件を満たす、ジルコニア質メディア。 - (j)ISO 14577に準拠して、1個のメディアを硬化型埋込樹脂埋め込み、前記硬化型埋込樹脂を硬化させ、メディアの直径の40%から50%まで研削し断面を鏡面研磨した後、超微小押し込み硬さ試験機を用いて研磨したメディアの断面の硬度を等間隔で10か所測定し、10個のメディアについて測定した微小押し込み硬さの平均値と標準偏差から導き出される微小押し込み硬さの変動係数が5%以下である、請求項1に記載のジルコニア質メディア。
- (k)SiO2が0.2質量%以上1.0質量%以下の範囲内で含まれる、請求項1又は2に記載のジルコニア質メディア。
- (n)クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave(N)に対する圧壊荷重値の最低値Pmin(N)の圧壊荷重比A(Pmin(N)/Pave(N))が0.8以上である、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のジルコニア質メディア。
- (o)クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Paveに対するクロスヘッドスピード0.1mm/分で測定した圧壊荷重値の平均値Pave0.1(N)の圧壊荷重比B(Pave0.1(N)/Pave(N))が0.95以上である、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のジルコニア質メディア。
- (a)ZrO2-Y2O3系ジルコニア質の焼結体からなり、Y2O3/ZrO2モル比が2.5/97.5以上3.2/96.8以下の範囲内であり、
(b)Al2O3の含有量が0.1質量%以上30.0質量%以下の範囲内であり、
(c)正方晶系ジルコニアを90体積%以上含有し、
(d)相対密度が95%以上であり、
(e)平均結晶粒径が0.25μm以上0.50μm以下の範囲内であり、
(f)クロスヘッドスピード0.5mm/分で測定した圧懐荷重値の最低値がPmin(N)>600×D2.0(Dはメディア直径の平均値)であり、
(g)圧壊荷重値のワイブル係数が10以上であり、
(h)走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて確認したSEM画像において確認できるメディアの最大径をメディア直径とし、200個のメディアのメディア直径の平均値と標準偏差から導き出されるメディア直径の変動係数が6%未満であり、
(x)破壊靭性が5.0MPa・m1/2を超え、
(y)曲げ強さが1100MPaを超えて、曲げ強さのワイブル係数が7を超える、ジルコニアベアリングボール。 - (p)Y2O3/ZrO2モル比が2.5/97.5以上3.2/96.8以下の範囲内になるようにジルコニウム原料とイットリウム原料を混合し、加水分解し、得られたジルコニウムとイットリウムの水和物を600℃以上1200℃以下の範囲で仮焼して得られた合成粉体と、
(q)全体量に対してAl2O3の含有量が0.1質量%以上30.0質量%以下の範囲内となるようにAl2O3粉体とを混合して、混合粉体とし、
(r)前記混合粉体を湿式で粉砕及び/又は分散した混合粉体スラリーを乾燥した粉体のBET法で測定した比表面積が5m2/g以上10m2/g以下の範囲内となり、
(s)前記混合粉体スラリーをレーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して測定した体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の平均粒子径が0.3μm以上0.6μm以下の範囲内となるように湿式で、粉砕及び/又は分散し、
(t)前記混合粉体スラリーを乾燥させた粉体の1質量部と成形用溶媒の100質量部とを混合して得られた凝集粉体平均粒子径測定用のスラリー中の凝集した粉体のレーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して測定した体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の凝集粉体平均粒子径が1μm以上5μm以下の範囲内となるように、乾燥し、整粒して得られた成形用粉体を準備し、
(u)前記成形用粉体を造粒成形し、成形体を得て、
(v)前記成形体を1250℃以上1600℃以下の範囲内で焼成し、ZrO2-Y2O3系ジルコニア質の焼結体を得ることを含み、前記焼結体からなるジルコニア質メディアの製造方法。 - 前記混合粉体に、(w)全体量に対してSiO2の含有量が0.2質量%以上1.0質量%以下の範囲内となるようにSiO2原料を含有する、請求項7に記載のジルコニア質メディアの製造方法。
- (p)Y2O3/ZrO2モル比が2.5/97.5以上3.2/96.8以下の範囲内になるようにジルコニウム原料とイットリウム原料を混合し、加水分解し、得られたジルコニウムとイットリウムの水和物を600℃以上1200℃以下の範囲で仮焼して得られた合成粉体と、
(q)全体量に対してAl2O3の含有量が0.1質量%以上30.0質量%以下の範囲内となるようにAl2O3粉体とを混合して、混合粉体とし、
(r)前記混合粉体を湿式で粉砕及び/又は分散した混合粉体スラリーを乾燥した粉体のBET法で測定した比表面積が5m2/g以上10m2/g以下の範囲内となり、
(s)前記混合粉体スラリーをレーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して測定した体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の平均粒子径が0.3μm以上0.6μm以下の範囲内となるように湿式で、粉砕及び/又は分散し、
(t)前記混合粉体スラリーを乾燥させた粉体の1質量部と成形用溶媒の100質量部とを混合して得られた凝集粉体平均粒子径測定用のスラリー中の凝集した粉体のレーザー回折法によりJIS Z8825に準拠して測定した体積基準の粒度分布における累積頻度が50%の凝集粉体平均粒子径が1μm以上5μm以下の範囲内となるように、乾燥し、整粒して得られた成形用粉体を準備し、
(u)前記成形用粉体を造粒成形し、成形体を得て、
(v)前記成形体を1250℃以上1600℃以下の範囲内で焼成し、ZrO2-Y2O3系ジルコニア質の焼結体を得ることを含み、前記焼結体からなるジルコニアベアリングボールの製造方法。 - 前記混合粉体に、(w)全体量に対してSiO2の含有量が0.2質量%以上1.0質量%以下の範囲内となるようにSiO2原料を含有する、請求項9に記載のジルコニアベアリングボールの製造方法。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23796015.8A EP4516404A4 (en) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-04-03 | ZIRCONIA MIDDLE, BEARING BALL AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| JP2024517927A JP7648848B2 (ja) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-04-03 | ジルコニア質メディア、ベアリングボール及びそれらの製造方法 |
| CN202380033115.8A CN119013101A (zh) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-04-03 | 氧化锆质介质、轴承球及它们的制造方法 |
| US18/848,366 US20250207634A1 (en) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-04-03 | Zirconia media, bearing ball, and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2025033436A JP7839918B2 (ja) | 2022-04-25 | 2025-03-04 | ジルコニア質メディア及びそれらの製造方法 |
| JP2026007898A JP2026069521A (ja) | 2022-04-25 | 2026-01-21 | ジルコニア質メディア及びそれらの製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022-071299 | 2022-04-25 | ||
| JP2022071299 | 2022-04-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023210268A1 true WO2023210268A1 (ja) | 2023-11-02 |
Family
ID=88518737
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2023/013825 Ceased WO2023210268A1 (ja) | 2022-04-25 | 2023-04-03 | ジルコニア質メディア、ベアリングボール及びそれらの製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250207634A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4516404A4 (ja) |
| JP (3) | JP7648848B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN119013101A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2023210268A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4516404A4 (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2026-04-29 | Nikkato Corp | ZIRCONIA MIDDLE, BEARING BALL AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0615191A (ja) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-01-25 | Nitsukatoo:Kk | 粉砕機用部材 |
| JPH06183833A (ja) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-07-05 | Tosoh Corp | ジルコニアボールおよびその製造方法 |
| JPH09188562A (ja) * | 1996-01-12 | 1997-07-22 | Shinagawa Refract Co Ltd | ジルコニア質焼結体及びその製造方法並びに粉砕用部品材料 |
| JPH1085619A (ja) * | 1996-06-07 | 1998-04-07 | Toray Ind Inc | 粉砕機、粉砕機用部材、粉砕用媒体、複合セラミックス焼結体および粉砕方法 |
| JP2000239063A (ja) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-09-05 | Nitsukatoo:Kk | 耐久性にすぐれたジルコニア質焼結体からなる粉砕・分散用メディア及びその製造方法 |
| JP2001163666A (ja) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-19 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | ジルコニア系セラミックスおよびその製法 |
| JP2002001144A (ja) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-08 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 粉砕・分散・混合用メディアおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2003314556A (ja) * | 2002-04-16 | 2003-11-06 | Nitsukatoo:Kk | ジルコニア質焼結体からなるベアリング |
| JP2004307339A (ja) | 2004-07-02 | 2004-11-04 | Nitsukatoo:Kk | 耐摩耗性及び耐久性に優れたジルコニア質焼結体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2004315246A (ja) | 2003-04-11 | 2004-11-11 | Toray Ind Inc | 部分安定化ZrO2球体およびその製造方法 |
| JP2013148127A (ja) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-08-01 | Nsk Ltd | セラミックス製転動体の製造方法及び転がり支持装置 |
| JP2014092259A (ja) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-19 | Nsk Ltd | 転がり支持装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP2014205586A (ja) | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-30 | 株式会社ニッカトー | ジルコニア質焼結体、ジルコニア質焼結体からなる粉砕・分散用メディア |
| JP2017056429A (ja) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | 株式会社ニッカトー | ジルコニア質微小メディア |
| US20200223755A1 (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2020-07-16 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Sintered zircon beads |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1135323A (ja) * | 1997-07-15 | 1999-02-09 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | ジルコニア系粉体およびジルコニア系成形体 |
| WO2003033433A1 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2003-04-24 | Nikkato Corporation | Zirconia based sintered product excellent in durability and abrasion-resistant member using the same |
| JP2004061945A (ja) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-26 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 画像記録材料 |
| CN104101550A (zh) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-10-15 | 中国人民解放军装甲兵工程学院 | 基于仪器化Berkovich压入O-P硬度确定材料维氏硬度的方法 |
| TWI839716B (zh) * | 2021-05-18 | 2024-04-21 | 法信諾生醫股份有限公司 | 抗病毒感染之胜肽疫苗 |
| EP4516404A4 (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2026-04-29 | Nikkato Corp | ZIRCONIA MIDDLE, BEARING BALL AND ASSOCIATED MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
-
2023
- 2023-04-03 EP EP23796015.8A patent/EP4516404A4/en active Pending
- 2023-04-03 US US18/848,366 patent/US20250207634A1/en active Pending
- 2023-04-03 JP JP2024517927A patent/JP7648848B2/ja active Active
- 2023-04-03 CN CN202380033115.8A patent/CN119013101A/zh active Pending
- 2023-04-03 WO PCT/JP2023/013825 patent/WO2023210268A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2025
- 2025-03-04 JP JP2025033436A patent/JP7839918B2/ja active Active
-
2026
- 2026-01-21 JP JP2026007898A patent/JP2026069521A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0615191A (ja) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-01-25 | Nitsukatoo:Kk | 粉砕機用部材 |
| JPH06183833A (ja) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-07-05 | Tosoh Corp | ジルコニアボールおよびその製造方法 |
| JPH09188562A (ja) * | 1996-01-12 | 1997-07-22 | Shinagawa Refract Co Ltd | ジルコニア質焼結体及びその製造方法並びに粉砕用部品材料 |
| JPH1085619A (ja) * | 1996-06-07 | 1998-04-07 | Toray Ind Inc | 粉砕機、粉砕機用部材、粉砕用媒体、複合セラミックス焼結体および粉砕方法 |
| JP2000239063A (ja) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-09-05 | Nitsukatoo:Kk | 耐久性にすぐれたジルコニア質焼結体からなる粉砕・分散用メディア及びその製造方法 |
| JP2001163666A (ja) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-19 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | ジルコニア系セラミックスおよびその製法 |
| JP2002001144A (ja) * | 2000-06-28 | 2002-01-08 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | 粉砕・分散・混合用メディアおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2003314556A (ja) * | 2002-04-16 | 2003-11-06 | Nitsukatoo:Kk | ジルコニア質焼結体からなるベアリング |
| JP2004315246A (ja) | 2003-04-11 | 2004-11-11 | Toray Ind Inc | 部分安定化ZrO2球体およびその製造方法 |
| JP2004307339A (ja) | 2004-07-02 | 2004-11-04 | Nitsukatoo:Kk | 耐摩耗性及び耐久性に優れたジルコニア質焼結体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2013148127A (ja) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-08-01 | Nsk Ltd | セラミックス製転動体の製造方法及び転がり支持装置 |
| JP2014092259A (ja) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-19 | Nsk Ltd | 転がり支持装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP2014205586A (ja) | 2013-04-11 | 2014-10-30 | 株式会社ニッカトー | ジルコニア質焼結体、ジルコニア質焼結体からなる粉砕・分散用メディア |
| JP2017056429A (ja) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-03-23 | 株式会社ニッカトー | ジルコニア質微小メディア |
| US20200223755A1 (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2020-07-16 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Sintered zircon beads |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4516404A4 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2026069521A (ja) | 2026-04-23 |
| JPWO2023210268A1 (ja) | 2023-11-02 |
| CN119013101A (zh) | 2024-11-22 |
| EP4516404A1 (en) | 2025-03-05 |
| JP7839918B2 (ja) | 2026-04-02 |
| JP7648848B2 (ja) | 2025-03-18 |
| JP2025083366A (ja) | 2025-05-30 |
| EP4516404A4 (en) | 2026-04-29 |
| US20250207634A1 (en) | 2025-06-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR20120110129A (ko) | 지르코니아-알루미나 복합 세라믹 재료의 제조 방법, 지르코니아-알루미나 복합 과립화 분말, 및 지르코니아 비즈 | |
| JP3080873B2 (ja) | 耐摩耗性アルミナ質セラミックス及びその製造方法 | |
| JP7608726B2 (ja) | 焼結体、粉末及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2026069521A (ja) | ジルコニア質メディア及びそれらの製造方法 | |
| JP7772156B2 (ja) | 焼結体及びその製造方法、歯科補綴材、並びに前歯用義歯 | |
| JP7707918B2 (ja) | セラミックス球形体 | |
| JP4331825B2 (ja) | 高強度アルミナ質焼結体の製造方法 | |
| JP2000239063A (ja) | 耐久性にすぐれたジルコニア質焼結体からなる粉砕・分散用メディア及びその製造方法 | |
| Parish et al. | Aerodynamic IR domes of polycrystalline alumina | |
| CN114206803A (zh) | 耐磨性氧化铝质烧结体 | |
| JP4927292B2 (ja) | 優れた耐摩耗性および耐食性を有するアルミナ質セラミックス | |
| EP4596499A1 (en) | Ceramic spherical bodies and production method for ceramic spherical bodies | |
| KR20240114752A (ko) | 우수한 기계 가공성을 갖는 치과용 산화물 세라믹스 가소체 및 그 제조 방법 | |
| JP2025088309A (ja) | 窒化ケイ素質メディア及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2001122667A (ja) | 窒化珪素質焼結部材、セラミックボール、ボールベアリング及びセラミック摺動部品 | |
| JPH07206514A (ja) | 耐摩耗性アルミナ質セラミックス | |
| WO2024127652A1 (ja) | 優れた機械加工性を有する歯科用酸化物セラミックス仮焼体及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2024134606A (ja) | セラミックス球形体およびセラミックス球形体の製造方法 | |
| WO2025047657A1 (ja) | チタン及びイットリウム固溶ジルコニア焼結体 | |
| HK1002557B (en) | Wear-resisting alumina ceramic and a preparing method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23796015 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2024517927 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18848366 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202380033115.8 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023796015 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2023796015 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20241125 |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 18848366 Country of ref document: US |