WO2023210663A1 - 球状銀粉、球状銀粉の製造方法、球状銀粉製造装置、及び導電性ペースト - Google Patents
球状銀粉、球状銀粉の製造方法、球状銀粉製造装置、及び導電性ペースト Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023210663A1 WO2023210663A1 PCT/JP2023/016355 JP2023016355W WO2023210663A1 WO 2023210663 A1 WO2023210663 A1 WO 2023210663A1 JP 2023016355 W JP2023016355 W JP 2023016355W WO 2023210663 A1 WO2023210663 A1 WO 2023210663A1
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- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
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- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/103—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
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- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
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- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
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- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/25—Noble metals, i.e. Ag Au, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru
- B22F2301/255—Silver or gold
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- B22F2304/10—Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to spherical silver powder, a method for producing spherical silver powder, an apparatus for producing spherical silver powder, and a conductive paste.
- a conductive paste produced by adding silver powder and glass frit to an organic vehicle and kneading it is used as a conductive paste for internal electrodes in multilayer capacitors, conductor patterns on circuit boards, solar cells, and other electronic components. has been done.
- the silver powder used for the conductive paste is required to have appropriately small particle size, uniform particle size, and high dispersibility in order to respond to the miniaturization of electronic components, higher density conductor patterns, and finer lines. has been done.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that silver nitrate aqueous solution and ammonia water are mixed and reacted to obtain a silver ammine complex aqueous solution, and this aqueous solution is passed through a certain flow path (first flow path).
- a second flow path is provided that joins the first flow path in the middle of the first flow path, and the organic reducing agent is flowed through the second flow path and brought into contact and mixed at the confluence of the first flow path and the second flow path.
- a method for producing fine silver powder has been proposed.
- a silver solution containing a silver complex and a reducing agent solution are each quantitatively and continuously supplied into a channel, and the silver solution and the reducing agent solution are mixed in the channel.
- piping provided coaxially within the piping forming the flow path with respect to the flow rate of the silver solution within the piping.
- a method for producing silver powder characterized in that the ratio of the flow rate of the reducing agent solution supplied in the same direction as the supply direction of the silver solution is 1.5 or more when mixing the silver solution and the reducing agent solution. is proposed.
- Patent Document 3 a silver nitrate aqueous solution and ammonia water are mixed and reacted to obtain a silver ammine complex aqueous solution, and in the presence of seed particles and an imine compound, the silver ammine complex aqueous solution and a reducing agent aqueous solution are mixed.
- a method for producing spherical silver powder in which the silver ammine complex aqueous solution and the reducing agent aqueous solution are mixed to precipitate silver particles by reduction, and the silver ammine complex aqueous solution and the reducing agent aqueous solution are flowed into separate channels that meet at a confluence point, and the silver particles are mixed at the confluence point.
- a method for producing spherical silver powder has been proposed in which an ammine complex aqueous solution and the reducing agent aqueous solution are contacted and mixed.
- Patent Document 4 in a method of adding ammonia and a reducing agent to a silver ion solution to reductively precipitate silver particles, fine silver particles are precipitated by adding the reducing agent within 20 seconds after adding ammonia.
- a method for producing fine silver particles is proposed, but it is said that the ammonia-added silver ion solution and the reducing solution are mixed outside the conduit.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a spherical silver powder that can provide excellent fine line printability when used in a conductive paste or the like, together with a method and apparatus for producing the same.
- the particle size distribution should be determined by volume-based cumulative 10% diameter D 10 and cumulative 50% diameter D by laser diffraction method. 50 and cumulative 90% diameter D 90 , (D 90 - D 10 )/D 50 ⁇ 1
- D 50 /D BET BET diameter D BET
- D 10 , D 50 , D 90 , D BET , SSA, and true density are values measured by the method described in Examples. These are the measured values before classification.
- (D 90 ⁇ D 10 )/D 50 is an index of particle size distribution, and a value smaller than 1 means that the spherical silver powder has a sharp particle size distribution and is uniform in particle size.
- individual particles are usually not completely separated, and a plurality of particles may be aggregated.
- the particle size is calculated from the diffraction pattern of the particles, so the particle size of the aggregated particles is measured.
- the BET single point method measures the specific surface area using the amount of gas adsorbed on the particle, and the BET diameter converted from this specific surface area is the particle size of the particle when the measured particle is assumed to be a true sphere. Indicates the diameter (particle size).
- the ratio (D 50 /D BET ) is close to 1, it means that there is little aggregation and the state is close to monodisperse.
- the present inventors have developed a method for producing spherical silver powder in which a silver complex solution is flowed through a channel, a reducing agent is added to the channel at a reducing agent addition position in the channel, and silver powder is reduced and precipitated within the channel. discovered that spherical silver powder with uniform particle size and near monodispersity could be obtained by adding a reducing agent from multiple directions to the flow path, and completed the present invention.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the volume-based cumulative 10% diameter D 10 , cumulative 50% diameter D 50 and cumulative 90% diameter D90 based on the laser diffraction method are calculated by the formula: (D 90 - D 10 )/D 50 ⁇ 1 Spherical silver powder that satisfies the following and has a ratio of the D 50 to the BET diameter D BET (D 50 /D BET ) of 0.90 or more and 1.20 or less.
- D 50 /D BET The spherical silver powder according to [1] above, wherein the D50 is 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 3.5 ⁇ m or less.
- [3] The spherical silver powder according to [1] or [2] above, which has a BET specific surface area of 0.17 m 2 /g or more and 3.23 m 2 /g or less.
- [4] The spherical silver powder according to any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the ratio (D 50 /D BET ) is 0.95 or more and 1.05 or less.
- [5] The spherical silver powder according to any one of [1] to [4] above, wherein the D BET is 0.18 ⁇ m or more and 3.9 ⁇ m or less.
- a method for producing spherical silver powder in which a silver complex solution is flowed through a channel, a reducing agent is added to the channel at a reducing agent addition position in the middle of the channel, and silver powder is reduced and precipitated in the channel, A method for producing spherical silver powder, in which the reducing agent is added to the flow path from a plurality of directions.
- a silver powder manufacturing apparatus that adds a reducing agent to a silver complex solution to reduce and precipitate silver powder, comprising a tube that forms a flow path for the silver complex solution, and the tube has a tube along its inner periphery.
- a spherical silver powder manufacturing apparatus wherein a slit having an opening facing outward in a radial direction is provided, and a supply pipe for the reducing agent is connected to the slit.
- spherical silver powder that can provide excellent printability when used in a conductive paste or the like is provided, along with a method and apparatus for producing the same.
- FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2A in the horizontal direction of the flow path of the silver complex solution.
- FIG. 2A is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2A in the horizontal direction of the flow path of the silver complex solution.
- It is an external perspective view of another example of the silver powder manufacturing apparatus of this invention. It is a SEM photograph (5000 times) of the silver powder of Example 1.
- the spherical silver powder of the present invention has a volume-based cumulative 10% diameter D 10 , cumulative 50% diameter D 50 , and cumulative 90% diameter D90 determined by the laser diffraction method as follows: (D 90 - D 10 )/D 50 ⁇ 1 and the ratio of the D 50 to the BET diameter D BET (D 50 /D BET ) is 0.9 or more and 1.2 or less.
- the spherical shape includes a substantially spherical shape, and means a shape having an average aspect ratio (average ratio of major axis/minor axis) of 1.5 or less.
- the value of (D 90 ⁇ D 10 )/D 50 of the spherical silver powder of the present invention is less than 1, preferably 0.96 or less.
- the lower limit is 0, but if it is 0.75 or more, sufficient effects can be obtained.
- D50 is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of ease of handling of the paste when made into a conductive paste, and is formed using a conductive paste or the like.
- the thickness is preferably 3.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or less, because it is advantageous in terms of low-temperature sinterability of the wiring pattern and can easily accommodate high density.
- the ratio (D 50 /D BET ) of the spherical silver powder of the present invention is 0.90 or more and 1.20 or less, and from the viewpoint of obtaining even better dispersibility, it is preferably 0.95 or more and 1.05 or less, and 1 More preferably, it is .04 or less.
- BET specific surface area is a specific surface area measured by the BET single point method, and is advantageous in terms of low-temperature sinterability of wiring patterns formed using conductive paste, etc., and is useful for higher density etc. 0.17 m 2 /g or more is preferable, and more preferably 0.20 m 2 /g or more. Further, from the viewpoint of ease of handling of the paste when it is made into a conductive paste, it is preferably 3.23 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 2.40 m 2 /g or less.
- the true density is preferably more than 9.0 g/cm 3 , more preferably 9.4 g/cm 3 or more, from the viewpoint of easily responding to higher density wiring patterns, etc. From the viewpoint of properties, it is preferably less than 10.45 g/cm 3 , more preferably 10.0 g/cm 3 or less, and even more preferably 9.9 g/cm 3 or less.
- D BET is the BET diameter ( ⁇ m) calculated by the following formula using the specific surface area (m 2 /g) and true density (g/cm 3 ) measured by the BET single point method.
- BET diameter 6/specific surface area/true density
- D BET is preferably 0.18 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.45 ⁇ m or more, and preferably 3.9 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the spherical silver powder of the present invention preferably has a tap density of 2.5 g/cm 3 or more, more preferably 4.5 g/cm 3 or more , from the viewpoint of facilitating high-precision patterns.
- the upper limit of the tap density is 7.8 g/cm 3 .
- the method for producing spherical silver powder of the present invention involves flowing a silver complex solution into a channel, adding a reducing agent to the channel at a reducing agent addition position in the middle of the channel, and producing spherical silver powder in which the silver powder is reduced and precipitated in the channel.
- the rate of reduction and precipitation of silver powder can be kept constant, and spherical silver powder can be quantitatively and quantitatively mixed. can be obtained continuously.
- the reducing agent and the silver complex solution are mixed by adding the reducing agent to the channel from a plurality of directions at the reducing agent addition position.
- the mixing efficiency of the reducing agent and the silver complex solution is improved, and unreacted silver is removed.
- the number of ions generation of secondary nuclei by unreacted silver ions is suppressed. It is presumed that this makes it possible to control (D 90 -D 10 )/D 50 and the ratio (D 50 /D BET ) to fall within a predetermined range.
- the manufacturing process can be simplified. If the reducing agent is added to the flow path from one direction, it will take time for the reducing agent to reach the opposite side from the point of addition, resulting in variations in the concentration of the reducing agent at the point of addition. For the same reason, this effect cannot be obtained even when the silver complex solution and the reducing agent are brought into contact and mixed at the confluence using a Y-shaped tube or a T-shaped tube. Additionally, when adding the reducing agent at the center of the flow path using a coaxial double tube, the reducing agent is added parallel to the flow of the silver complex solution, so it takes time for the silver complex solution and reducing agent to mix. In short, in a coaxial double pipe, the flow velocity at the center of the pipe is relatively high and the flow velocity near the wall surface is relatively slow, so particles tend to grow unevenly.
- the reducing agent is added in two or more directions with respect to the flow path, more preferably in four or more directions, and it is particularly preferable that the reducing agent is added from all directions around the outer periphery of the flow path.
- the reducing agent can be added to the flow path from a plurality of directions depending on the number and shape of the openings, which will be described later.
- each of the plurality of directions makes an angle of 75 degrees or more and 105 degrees or less with respect to the flow path.
- Adding the reducing agent to the channel substantially vertically is advantageous in that the silver complex solution and the reducing agent are quickly mixed.
- the angle with respect to the flow path is more preferably 80 degrees or more and 100 degrees or less.
- the expression "with respect to the channel" can be rephrased as "with respect to the axial direction of the tube through which the silver complex solution flows.”
- the silver complex solution is not particularly limited as long as it is a solution that can be reduced by a reducing agent to precipitate silver, and a silver ammine complex solution is preferred.
- the silver ammine complex solution can be prepared, for example, by dissolving silver chloride in aqueous ammonia, or by mixing an aqueous silver nitrate solution and aqueous ammonia.
- a separately prepared silver complex solution may be flowed into the channel, or a silver-containing solution (for example, silver nitrate aqueous solution, etc.) and a complexing agent (for example, aqueous ammonia) may be reacted upstream of the reducing agent addition position in the channel.
- a silver complex solution may be formed in the channel.
- the stability of the complex at the time of reduction may vary depending on the time until the silver complex solution is supplied to the flow path. In other words, if the time from mixing the silver-containing solution and the complexing agent to adding the reducing agent is too short, the complex may not be sufficiently formed, and if it is too long, by-products may be present in the silver complex solution.
- a silver complex solution prepared in a flow channel the reducing agent is added after a certain period of time, so the state of the complex at the time of reduction is constant, which is advantageous in terms of controlling the shape of spherical silver powder.
- a silver-containing solution e.g., aqueous silver nitrate solution, etc.
- a complexing agent e.g., aqueous ammonia
- the reducing agent is not particularly limited, and hydrazine, ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, formalin (formaldehyde aqueous solution), etc. can be used. Formalin, hydrazine, etc. are preferred from the viewpoint of easy control of the reduction reaction.
- the amount of the reducing agent added is preferably 1.1 equivalent or more, more preferably 1.2 equivalent to silver, in order to ensure sufficient reaction efficiency and prevent unreacted silver complex from remaining. It is preferably at least 25.0 equivalents, and more preferably at most 20.0 equivalents, from the viewpoint of economy, and more preferably at most 20.0 equivalents.
- the silver concentration of the silver complex solution after mixing the reducing agent is preferably 0.01 mol/L or more, more preferably 0.05 mol/L. L or more, and from the viewpoint of strictly adjusting the particle size and particle size distribution of the silver powder to be reduced and precipitated, it is preferably 0.5 mol/L or less, more preferably 0.3 mol/L or less. .
- the flow rate of the silver complex solution immediately before adding the reducing agent to the flow path is preferably 8 L/min or more, more preferably 12 L/min or more, from the viewpoint of productivity. From the viewpoint of suppressing this and forming monodisperse particles, the flow rate is preferably 275 L/min or less, more preferably 230 L/min or less.
- the flow rate of the reducing agent when adding the reducing agent to the flow path is 0.5 times or more than the flow rate of the silver complex solution immediately before adding the reducing agent, and the liquid flow toward the pipe wall increases. From the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in mixing efficiency, it is preferably 2.5 times or less, more preferably 1.3 times or less. More preferably, it is 0.9 times or more and 1.1 times or less.
- the reaction between the silver complex solution and the reducing agent in the presence of a surface treatment agent in terms of suppressing aggregation of the reduced and precipitated silver powder.
- the surface treatment agent may be added to the silver complex solution or mixed to the reducing agent.
- a silver-containing solution and a complexing agent when used to form a silver complex solution in a flow path, it may be blended into the silver-containing solution or the like.
- the surface treatment agent may be added into the flow path upstream or downstream of the reducing agent addition position, and from the viewpoint of suppressing aggregation and forming monodisperse particles, it is preferable to add the surface treatment agent upstream of the reducing agent addition position. preferable.
- Examples of surface treatment agents include fatty acids, fatty acid salts, surfactants, organic metals, chelate forming agents, protective colloids, and the like.
- the surface treatment agent can be used in an amount of 0.03% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less based on the silver in the silver-containing solution.
- Fatty acids examples include propionic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, behenic acid, acrylic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and ricinoleic acid.
- the surface treatment agent may be used in the form of an emulsion, solution, or the like.
- fatty acid salts include the metal salts of fatty acids mentioned in (1) above, and examples of metals include lithium, sodium, potassium, barium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, iron, cobalt, manganese, lead, and zinc. , tin, strontium, zirconium, silver, copper, etc.
- surfactants include anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzene sulfonates and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates, cationic surfactants such as aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts, and imidazolinium salts.
- anionic surfactants such as alkylbenzene sulfonates and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates
- cationic surfactants such as aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts
- imidazolinium salts examples include amphoteric surfactants such as betaine, nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester.
- Organic metals examples include acetylacetone tributoxyzirconium, magnesium citrate, diethylzinc, dibutyltin oxide, dimethylzinc, tetra-n-butoxyzirconium, triethylindium, triethylgallium, trimethylindium, trimethylgallium, mono- Examples include butyltin oxide, tetraisocyanate silane, tetramethylsilane, tetramethoxysilane, monomethyltriisocyanate silane, silane coupling agent, titanate coupling agent, aluminum coupling agent, and the like.
- Chelate forming agents examples include imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, selenazole, pyrazole, isoxazole, isothiazole, 1H-1,2,3-triazole, 2H-1,2,3-triazole, 1H- 1,2,4-triazole, 4H-1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1, 3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1H-1,2,3,4- Tetrazole, 1,2,3,4-oxatriazole, 1,2,3,4-thiatriazole, 2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazole, 1,2,3,5-oxatriazole, 1,2 , 3,5-thiatriazole, indazole,
- protective colloid examples include peptides, gelatin, albumin, gum arabic, protalbic acid, resalbic acid, and glue.
- (1) fatty acids are preferable from the viewpoint of ease of modification to the surface of silver particles, and stearic acid is especially preferable.
- the fatty acid is preferably in the form of an emulsion, such as a stearic acid emulsion.
- the temperature of the liquid flowing through the channel is preferably 5°C or higher from the viewpoint of reduction reaction, more preferably 15°C or higher, and 60°C or lower for operational reasons. is preferable, and more preferably 50°C or lower.
- a mixer may be used to perform liquid mixing by applying spiral rotation in the axial direction of the flow path.
- spherical silver powder can be obtained by discharging a liquid containing reduced and precipitated silver powder (hereinafter also referred to as "silver powder-containing liquid") out of the flow path and recovering it.
- the time from the reducing agent addition position to the outlet of the silver powder-containing liquid is preferably 1 second or more, more preferably 2 seconds or more, from the viewpoint of predicting the end of the reduction reaction. From the viewpoint of suppressing settling, the time is preferably 10 seconds or less, more preferably 5 seconds or less.
- the spherical silver powder of the present invention is obtained by drying this cake with a dryer such as a forced circulation air dryer, a vacuum dryer, or a flash dryer. Drying can be accelerated by replacing the water in the cake with lower alcohol or the like.
- the cake can be subjected to dry crushing treatment, surface smoothing treatment, etc.
- the surface smoothing treatment can be performed by mechanically colliding particles with each other using a high-speed stirrer. Thereafter, aggregates of silver powder larger than a predetermined particle size may be removed by a classification process.
- the cake may be dried, crushed, and classified using an integrated device capable of drying, crushing, and classifying (Dry Meister, Micron Dryer, etc. manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Co., Ltd.). .
- the equipment used is not particularly limited as long as the reducing agent can be added to the flow path from a plurality of directions.
- a silver powder production device that has a tube that forms a flow path for a silver complex solution, has openings in two or more places or around the entire circumference of the tube, and a reducing agent supply tube is connected to the opening. It is advantageous to use An example of such a silver powder manufacturing apparatus will be explained using FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2A to 2C.
- FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of an example of the silver powder production apparatus of the present invention, which includes a pipe 2 for flowing a silver complex solution, reducing agent supply pipes 4a and 4b for supplying a reducing agent, and a reducing agent addition member 10.
- FIG. 2A is a sectional view perpendicular to the flow path of the silver complex solution at the center position of the reducing agent supply pipes 4a and 4b of the reducing agent addition member 10 of FIG.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the flow path of the silver complex solution in the horizontal direction, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the flow path of the silver complex solution in the horizontal direction, and is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2A.
- a gap 13 is provided along the outer periphery of the tube 2, which serves as a flow path for the silver complex solution, and the gap 13 is connected to the insides of the reducing agent supply tubes 4a and 4b.
- FIG. 2C which is a sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2A
- the downstream side of the silver complex solution flow path in the gap 13 has an opening 11 facing radially outward along the inner circumference of the tube 2. It is connected to the slit section 12.
- FIG. 2B which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
- the reducing agent reaches the slit part 12 through the opening 11 of the slit part 12 into the tube 2 from the entire circumference of the tube 2 almost perpendicularly (for example, at an angle of 75 degrees or more and 105 degrees or less) and is added to the silver complex solution. be done.
- the angle at which the reducing agent enters the flow path of the silver complex solution is the angle at which the axial direction of the tube 2 and the opening direction of the opening 11 at which the reducing agent enters the tube 2 intersect.
- the opening direction can be considered to be a direction along the wall surface near the opening of the slit portion 12, as shown in FIG. 2B.
- the flow rate of the reducing agent when it is added to the flow path of the silver complex solution can be controlled by the flow rate of the reducing agent flowing into the reducing agent supply pipes 4a and 4b and the size of the total area of the openings 11.
- the reaction between the silver complex and the reducing agent can be carried out quickly, thereby making it possible to obtain silver powder with a sharp particle size distribution.
- the width of the opening 11 of the slit portion 12 in FIGS. 2B and 2C is referred to as the slit width.
- the slit width is preferably narrower than the diameter of the reducing agent supply pipe in order to reduce the total area of the openings 11.
- the shapes of the gap 13 and the slit portion 12, which can add the reducing agent from multiple directions to the flow path and form a slit width narrower than the diameter of the reducing agent supply pipe, are shown in FIGS. 2A to 2C.
- the structure is not limited to this, and various modifications are possible. Further, it is also possible to make a modification such that the opening 11 of the slit portion 12 is not provided around the entire circumference of the tube 2, but is provided as a plurality of through holes.
- the number of reducing agent supply pipes for flowing the reducing agent into the reducing agent addition member 10 may be one or more, and preferably two or more.
- the reducing agent flow paths leading from the reducing agent supply pipes to the opening 11 can be opposed or eccentric.
- the reducing agent supply pipes 4a and 4b are connected to each other eccentrically with respect to the center of the pipe 2, and the flow paths of the reducing agent supply pipes 4a and 4b are connected to a slit portion 12 having an opening 11. Connected.
- the reducing agent When connecting multiple reducing agent supply pipes, if at least two reducing agent supply pipes are eccentric to each other, the reducing agent can be supplied while rotating the outer periphery of the silver complex solution flow path (tube 2) in one direction. It can be made to flow into the opening 11 that the slit portion 12 has.
- the flow rate of the reducing agent toward the opening 11 is adjusted by changing the cross-sectional area of the reducing agent channel (gap 13 or slit portion 12). Good too.
- the silver complex solution is supplied to the tube 2, but instead, as shown in FIG.
- the silver-containing solution is supplied from the outer tube 2, and the complexing agent is supplied from the inner complexing agent supply tube 6. may be supplied, mixed and reacted to form a silver complex solution.
- a surface treatment agent supply pipe 5 for an arbitrary surface treatment agent is provided on the upstream side of the reducing agent addition member 10 of the pipe 2.
- the surface treatment agent supply pipe 5 is preferably provided upstream of the reducing agent addition member 10 rather than downstream. By providing it on the upstream side, the reducing agent can be added to the silver complex solution containing the surface treatment agent. By doing so, the width of the particle size distribution of the obtained silver powder can be made sharper.
- the spherical silver powder of the present invention can produce a conductive paste with excellent printability and low-temperature sinterability, and can be used for internal electrodes of multilayer capacitors, conductor patterns of circuit boards, electrodes and circuits of solar cells and other electronic components, etc. It is suitable as a conductive paste for use in
- the conductive paste of the present invention can contain the spherical silver powder of the present invention, an organic binder, and a solvent.
- the organic binder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silicone resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyimide resin, polyurethane resin, phenoxy resin, cellulose resin (ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, etc.), and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more at any ratio.
- the solvent is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, alcohol solvents such as terpineol, butyl carbitol, texanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and glycerin; ester solvents such as butyl carbitol acetate and ethyl acetate; toluene, xylene, and cyclohexane.
- alcohol solvents such as terpineol, butyl carbitol, texanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and glycerin
- ester solvents such as butyl carbitol acetate and ethyl acetate
- toluene, xylene, and cyclohexane examples include hydrocarbon solvents. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more at any ratio.
- the content of the spherical silver powder of the present invention in the conductive paste can be 80% by mass or more, preferably 85% by mass or more, and can be 95% by mass or less, preferably 90% by mass. % or less.
- the content of the organic binder in the conductive paste can be 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.2% by mass or more, and can be 0.4% by mass or less, preferably is 0.3% by mass or less.
- the content of the solvent in the conductive paste can be 6% by mass or more, preferably 7% by mass or more, and can be less than 20% by mass, preferably 15% by mass or less. .
- the conductive paste can contain glass frit, a dispersant, a surfactant, a viscosity modifier, a slip agent, etc. as optional components.
- the conductive paste used for manufacturing electrodes of solar cells preferably contains a glass frit, and examples thereof include Pb-Te-Bi-based glass frits, Pb-Si-B-based glass frits, and the like.
- the method for producing the conductive paste is not particularly limited, and includes a method of mixing the spherical silver powder of the present invention, an organic binder, a solvent, and optional components as the case requires.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and for example, a rotation-revolution stirrer, ultrasonic dispersion, a disperser, a three-roll mill, a ball mill, a bead mill, a twin-screw kneader, etc. can be used.
- the conductive paste of the present invention can be applied onto a substrate to form a coating film by, for example, screen printing, offset printing, printing such as photolithography, dipping, or the like.
- the coating film may be shaped into a predetermined pattern by photolithography using a resist or the like.
- a conductive film can be formed by baking the coating film.
- the firing may be performed in the air or in a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as nitrogen.
- the firing temperature of the coating film can be 600°C or higher and 800°C or lower, preferably 690°C or higher and 760°C or lower.
- the firing time can be 20 seconds or more and 1 hour or less. The time is preferably 40 seconds or more, more preferably 20 minutes or less, and more preferably 2 minutes or less.
- the conductive paste of the present invention can be suitably used for forming internal electrodes of multilayer capacitors, conductor patterns of circuit boards, electrodes and circuits of solar cells and other electronic components.
- BET specific surface area For the BET specific surface area, a fully automatic specific surface area measuring device (manufactured by Mountec, device name: Macsorb HM-model 1210) was used. Silver powder was placed in the apparatus and degassed by flowing a He--N 2 mixed gas (nitrogen 30%) at 60° C. for 10 minutes, and then measured using the BET single point method.
- a fully automatic specific surface area measuring device manufactured by Mountec, device name: Macsorb HM-model 1210
- Silver powder was placed in the apparatus and degassed by flowing a He--N 2 mixed gas (nitrogen 30%) at 60° C. for 10 minutes, and then measured using the BET single point method.
- ⁇ D10 , D50 , D90 > D 10 , D 50 , and D 90 were measured by laser diffraction wet sample measurement using a Microtrac particle size distribution measuring device (manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd., device name: MT-3300EXII).
- a sample silica powder
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- dispersion an ultrasonic homogenizer (manufactured by Nippon Seiki Seisakusho, device name: US-150T; 19.5 kHz, tip tip diameter 18 mm) was used.
- the dispersion time was 2 minutes.
- the sample after dispersion was subjected to the above-mentioned apparatus, and the particle size distribution was determined using the attached analysis software.
- Silver powders for Examples and Comparative Examples were prepared as follows. ⁇ Example 1> Silver powder was produced using the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 and FIGS. 2A to 2C. A 0.13 mol/L silver nitrate aqueous solution was introduced into tube 2 (inner diameter 20 mm) at a flow rate of 25.1 L/min at a liquid temperature of 22° C., and 9. A 2% by mass ammonia aqueous solution was introduced at a flow rate of 2.69 L/min to generate a silver ammine complex in tube 2.
- a surface treatment agent (0.18 mass% Cellosol 920 (manufactured by Chukyo Yushi Co., Ltd., containing 15.5 wt% stearic acid) was supplied at a flow rate of 2.19 L/min.
- the amount of silver nitrate aqueous solution is such that the silver concentration in the total liquid volume after adding the complexing agent, formalin, and surface treatment agent is 0.1 mol/L.Addition of stearic acid to silver The amount (target value) is 0.18% by mass.
- Formalin (19.8 mass% formaldehyde aqueous solution) was introduced from the entire circumference of the slit part of the reducing agent addition member 10 (slit width 0.44 mm, tube inner diameter 20.6 mm) at a flow rate of 2.55 L/min to precipitate silver powder.
- the flow velocity of the reducing agent entering through the slit portion with a slit width of 0.44 mm is 1.49 m/s
- the flow velocity of the silver ammine complex immediately before the addition of the reducing agent at the position where the reducing agent enters the tube 2 with an inner diameter of 20.6 mm is 1.49 m/s.
- the operating time of the silver powder manufacturing apparatus (the time from the start to the stop of introducing the reducing agent into the silver ammine complex after the flow of the silver ammine complex into which the surface treatment agent was introduced became stable) was 37 seconds.
- a slurry containing silver powder was discharged from tube 2. The time from the formalin addition point to release was approximately 2 seconds. After the reduction reaction has stabilized, the silver powder-containing slurry is collected, and the solid material obtained by solid-liquid separation is washed with pure water to remove impurities in the solid material. The end point of this washing can be determined by the electrical conductivity of the water after washing, and washing was carried out until this electrical conductivity became 0.5 mS/m or less, yielding 217 g of silver powder. Other manufacturing conditions and evaluation results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. A SEM photograph (5000x) is shown in FIG.
- Examples 2 to 4 Silver powder was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions were changed to those shown in Table 1. In Examples 3 and 4, a mixer was used. The operating times of the silver powder production apparatus in Example 2, Example 3, and Example 4 were 33 seconds, 43 seconds, and 870 seconds, respectively. The obtained silver powders were 193 g, 126 g, and 5091 g, respectively. Table 2 shows the evaluation results of Examples 2 to 4. Further, SEM photographs (5000x) of the silver powders of Examples 2 to 4 are shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
- Conductive pastes were prepared as follows using the silver powders of Examples and Comparative Examples. The following treatments were performed with the composition ratios shown in Table 3 below, and conductive pastes using silver powder of Examples and Comparative Examples were obtained. After stirring and mixing at 1400 rpm for 30 seconds using a propeller-less rotation-revolution type stirring and defoaming device (AR310 manufactured by Shinky Co., Ltd.), the roll gap was adjusted from 100 ⁇ m using 3 rolls (80S manufactured by EXAKT). It was kneaded by passing it up to 20 ⁇ m.
- a propeller-less rotation-revolution type stirring and defoaming device AR310 manufactured by Shinky Co., Ltd.
- Fine line evaluation was performed by forming a conductive pattern.
- the conductive pattern was formed as follows. First, on a silicon substrate for solar cells (100 ⁇ / ⁇ ), using a screen printing machine (manufactured by Microtech, MT-320TV), use aluminum paste (manufactured by Rutech, 28D22G-2) on the back side of the substrate to form a 154 mm film. A solid pattern was formed. Next, the conductive paste prepared using the silver powder of Examples and Comparative Examples was filtered through 500 mesh, and electrodes (with line widths of 14 ⁇ m to 26 ⁇ m) were formed on the surface of the substrate in the pattern shown in FIG.
- a finger electrode) and a 1 mm wide electrode (busbar electrode) were printed (coated) at a squeegee speed of 350 mm/sec. After hot air drying at 200°C for 10 minutes, firing was performed at a peak temperature of 750°C and an in-out time of 41 seconds using a high-speed firing furnace IR furnace (manufactured by NGK Insulators, high-speed firing test 4-chamber furnace). A conductive pattern was obtained.
- spherical silver powder that can provide excellent printability when used in a conductive paste or the like is provided, along with a method and apparatus for producing the same.
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Abstract
Description
(D90-D10)/D50 < 1
を満たすように制御することに加え、分散性をBET径DBETに対する、レーザー回折法による体積基準の累積50%径D50の比(D50/DBET)が0.9以上1.2以下を満たすように制御することが有利であることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
DBET=6/(SSA)/真密度
で求められる。
ここで、D10、D50、D90、DBET、SSA及び真密度は、実施例に記載の方法で測定した値とする。これらは分級前の測定値である。
ただし、銀粉は、通常、個々の粒子が完全に分離しておらず、複数個の粒子が凝集した状態になっていることがある。レーザー回折法による粒径の測定は、粒子の回折パターンから粒径を算出しているため、凝集した状態の粒子の粒径が測定される。一方、BET一点法は、粒子に吸着するガスの量を利用して比表面積を測定するものであり、この比表面積から換算したBET径は測定した粒子が真球と仮定した場合の粒子の粒径(粒子径)を示す。比(D50/DBET)が1に近いことは、凝集状態が少なく、単分散に近い状態を意味する。
[1]レーザー回折法による体積基準の累積10%径D10、累積50%径D50及び累積90%径D90が、式:
(D90-D10)/D50 < 1
を満たし、かつBET径DBETに対する、前記D50の比(D50/DBET)が、0.90以上1.20以下である、球状銀粉。
[2]前記D50が0.2μm以上3.5μm以下である、上記[1]の球状銀粉。
[3]BET比表面積が0.17m2/g以上3.23m2/g以下である、上記[1]又は[2]の球状銀粉。
[4]前記比(D50/DBET)が0.95以上1.05以下である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかの球状銀粉。
[5]前記DBETが0.18μm以上3.9μm以下である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の球状銀粉。
[6]銀錯体溶液を流路に流し、流路の途中の還元剤添加位置で還元剤を前記流路に添加し、流路内で銀粉を還元析出させる球状銀粉の製造方法であって、前記還元剤の添加を流路に対して複数の方向から行う、球状銀粉の製造方法。
[7]前記複数の方向が、それぞれ流路に対して75度以上105度以下の角度をなす、上記[6]の球状銀粉の製造方法。
[8]前記還元剤の添加を、流路の外周の全方向から行う、上記[6]又は[7]の球状銀粉の製造方法。
[9]前記還元剤の添加を、表面処理剤を含む銀錯体溶液に対して行う、上記[6]~[8]のいずれかの球状銀粉の製造方法。
[10]流路における還元剤添加位置の上流で銀含有溶液と錯化剤を混合し、前記流路内で前記銀錯体溶液を生成する、上記[6]~[9]のいずれかの球状銀粉の製造方法。
[11]銀錯体溶液に還元剤を添加して銀粉を還元析出させる銀粉製造装置であって、前記銀錯体溶液の流路を形成する管を有し、前記管にはその内周に沿って径方向外側に向いた開口を有するスリットが設けられ、前記スリットには前記還元剤の供給管が接続している、球状銀粉製造装置。
[12]前記還元剤の供給管を複数有し、少なくとも2本の前記還元剤の供給管が互いに偏心して前記スリットに接続している、上記[11]の球状銀粉製造装置。
[13]上記[1]~[5]のいずれかの球状銀粉、有機バインダ及び溶剤を含有する導電性ペースト。
[14]太陽電池の電極形成用である、上記[13}に記載の導電性ペースト。
本発明の球状銀粉は、レーザー回折法による体積基準の累積10%径D10、累積50%径D50及び累積90%径D90が、式:
(D90-D10)/D50 < 1
を満たし、かつBET径DBETに対する、前記D50の比(D50/DBET)が、0.9以上1.2以下である。ここで、球状は、略球状を包含し、平均アスペクト比(長径/短径の比の平均)が1.5以下である形状を意味する。
BET径=6/比表面積/真密度
DBETは、0.18μm以上が好ましく、より好ましくは0.45μm以上であり、また、3.9μm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは3.2μm以下である。
本発明の球状銀粉の製造方法は、銀錯体溶液を流路に流し、流路の途中の還元剤添加位置で還元剤を流路に添加し、流路内で銀粉を還元析出させる球状銀粉の製造方法であって、還元剤の添加を流路に対し複数の方向から行うものである。本発明の製造方法では、連続的に銀錯体溶液及び還元剤を供給し、これらを定量的に混合することで、銀粉の還元析出の速度を一定に保つことができ、球状銀粉を定量的かつ連続的に得ることができる。
流路に対し一方向から還元剤を添加するのでは、還元剤が添加点と反対側に到達するまでに時間を要し、還元剤添加位置における還元剤の濃度バラつきが発生するため、このような作用を得ることはできず、Y字管やT字管を用いて、銀錯体溶液と還元剤とを合流部で接触させ、混合する場合についても同様の理由で得ることはできない。
また、同軸二重管により流路の中心位置で還元剤を添加する場合は、銀錯体溶液の流れと並行に還元剤が添加されるため、銀錯体溶液と還元剤が混ざりあうまでに時間を要する上、同軸二重管では、管中央の流速が相対的に速く、壁面付近の流速が相対的に遅くなるため、粒子の成長が不均一になりやすい。
還元剤を流路に添加するときの還元剤の流速は、還元剤添加直前の銀錯体溶液の流速に対して、0.5倍以上であり、また、配管壁面への液流れが大きくなり、混合効率が低下することを抑制する点から、2.5倍以下が好ましく、より好ましくは1.3倍以下である。0.9倍以上1.1倍以下であることがさらに好ましい。
脂肪酸としては、プロピオン酸、カプリル酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、ベヘン酸、アクリル酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、アラキドン酸、リシノール酸等が挙げられる。表面処理剤は、エマルション、溶液等の形態で用いてもよい。
脂肪酸塩としては、上記(1)の脂肪酸の金属塩が挙げられ、金属としては、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、バリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、アルミニウム、鉄、コバルト、マンガン、鉛、亜鉛、スズ、ストロンチウム、ジルコニウム、銀、銅等が挙げられる。
界面活性剤としては、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルリン酸塩等の陰イオン界面活性剤、脂肪族4級アンモニウム塩等の陽イオン界面活性剤、イミダゾリニウムベタイン等の両性界面活性剤、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸エステル等の非イオン界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
有機金属としては、アセチルアセトントリブトキシジルコニウム、クエン酸マグネシウム、ジエチル亜鉛、ジブチルスズオキサイド、ジメチル亜鉛、テトラ-n-ブトキシジルコニウム、トリエチルインジウム、トリエチルガリウム、トリメチルインジイウム、トリメチルガリウム、モノブチルスズオキサイド、テトライソシアネートシラン、テトラメチルシラン、テトラメトキシシラン、モノメチルトリイソシアネートシラン、シランカップリング剤、チタネート系カップリング剤、アルミニウム系カップリング剤等が挙げられる。
キレート形成剤としては、イミダゾール、オキサゾール、チアゾール、セレナゾール、ピラゾール、イソオキサゾール、イソチアゾール、1H-1,2,3-トリアゾール、2H-1,2,3-トリアゾール、1H-1,2,4-トリアゾール、4H-1,2,4-トリアゾール、1,2,3-オキサジアゾール、1,2,4-オキサジアゾール、1,2,5-オキサジアゾール、1,3,4-オキサジアゾール、1,2,3-チアジアゾール、1,2,4-チアジアゾール、1,2,5-チアジアゾール、1,3,4-チアジアゾール、1H-1,2,3,4-テトラゾール、1,2,3,4-オキサトリアゾール、1,2,3,4-チアトリアゾール、2H-1,2,3,4-テトラゾール、1,2,3,5-オキサトリアゾール、1,2,3,5-チアトリアゾール、インダゾール、ベンゾイミダゾール、ベンゾトリアゾール等及びこれらのキレート形成剤の塩やコハク酸、マロン酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸等のジカルボン酸をはじめとするポリカルボン酸等が挙げられる。
保護コロイドとしては、ペプチド、ゼラチン、アルブミン、アラビアゴム、プロタルビン酸、リサルビン酸、膠等が挙げられる。
このケーキを、強制循環式大気乾燥機、真空乾燥機、気流乾燥装置等の乾燥機で乾燥することにより本発明の球状銀粉が得られる。当該ケーキ中の水分を低級アルコール等で置換することにより、乾燥を早めることができる。
当該ケーキに対し、乾式解砕処理、表面平滑処理等を施すことができる。表面平滑処理は、高速撹拌機を使用して粒子同士を機械的に衝突させることにより行うことができる。
その後、分級処理により、所定粒径より大きい銀粉の凝集体を除去してもよい。
さらに、当該ケーキに対し、乾燥、解砕及び分級を行なうことができる一体型の装置((株)ホソカワミクロン製のドライマイスタ、ミクロンドライヤ等)を用いて、乾燥、粉砕、分級を行なってもよい。
本発明の製造方法では、還元剤の添加を流路に対し複数の方向から行うことができれば、使用する装置は特に限定されない。例えば、銀錯体溶液の流路を形成する管を有し、管に2か所以上または管の全周に開口が設けられ、該開口には還元剤の供給管が接続している銀粉製造装置を利用することが有利である。図1及び図2A~Cを用いて、そのような銀粉製造装置の一例を説明する。
還元剤が銀錯体溶液の流路の外周を回転するにあたって、還元剤の流路(隙間13またはスリット部12)の断面積を変化させることで、開口11に向かう還元剤の流量を調整してもよい。
本発明の球状銀粉は、印刷性及び低温焼結性に優れた導電性ペーストをもたらすことができ、積層コンデンサの内部電極、回路基板の導体パターン、太陽電池やその他の電子部品の電極や回路などに使用する導電性ペーストとして好適である。
導電性ペースト中の有機バインダの含有量は、0.1質量%以上とすることができ、好ましくは0.2質量%以上であり、また、0.4質量%以下とすることができ、好ましくは0.3質量%以下である。
導電性ペースト中の溶剤の含有量は、6質量%以上とすることができ、好ましくは7質量%以上であり、また、20質量%未満とすることができ、好ましくは15質量%以下である。
塗膜の焼成温度を600℃以上800℃以下とすることができ、好ましくは690℃以上760℃以下である。焼成時間は、20秒以上1時間以下とすることができる。好ましくは40秒以上であり、また、好ましくは20分以下、さらに好ましくは2分以下である。
実施例・比較例の銀粉の評価は以下のようにして行った。
真密度は、乾式自動密度計(マイクロメリティクス社製、装置名:Occupy(アキュピック)II 1340)を用いて、定容積膨張法(日本薬局方における「気体ピクノメータ法」)により測定した。
BET比表面積は、全自動比表面積測定装置(マウンテック社製、装置名:Macsorb HM-model 1210)を用いた。銀粉を装置内に入れ、60℃で10分間He-N2混合ガス(窒素30%)を流して脱気した後、BET一点法により測定した。
D10、D50、D90は、マイクロトラック粒度分布測定装置(マイクロトラック・ベル株式会社製、装置名:MT-3300EXII)を用いて、レーザー回折法湿式サンプル測定により測定を行った。測定に当たり、試料(銀粉)0.1gをイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)40mLに加えて分散した。分散には、超音波ホモジナイザー(日本精機製作所製、装置名:US-150T;19.5kHz、チップ先端直径18mm)を用いた。分散時間は、2分間とした。分散後の試料を上記装置に供し、付属の解析ソフトにより粒度分布を求めた。
タップ密度(TAP)は、タップ密度測定装置(柴山科学社製、カサ比重測定装置SS-DA-2)を使用して求めた値を採用した。タップ密度の測定は、以下のようにして行った。銀粉30gを秤量して20mLの試験管に入れ、落差20mmで1000回タッピングした。そして、タッピング後の試料容積(cm3)を求めた。タップ密度(g/cm3)は、次式により求める。
タップ密度(g/cm3)=30(g)/タッピング後の試料容積(cm3)
実施例・比較例の銀粉の調製は以下のようにして行った。
<実施例1>
図3及び図2A~Cに示す装置を用いて銀粉を製造した。
0.13モル/Lの硝酸銀水溶液を、液温22℃で、管2(内径20mm)に流量25.1L/minで導入し、同軸二重管である供給管6(内径6mm)から9.2質量%のアンモニア水溶液を流量2.69L/minで導入し、管2内で銀アンミン錯体を生成した。
還元剤添加部材10の上流の供給管5(内径6mm)から、表面処理剤(0.18質量%セロゾール920(中京油脂株式会社製、ステアリン酸15.5wt%含有)を流量2.19L/minで導入した。硝酸銀水溶液の量は、錯化剤・ホルマリン・表面処理剤を添加した後の総液量中の銀濃度が0.1モル/Lとなる量である。銀に対するステアリン酸の添加量(目標値)が0.18質量%となる量である。
還元剤添加部材10のスリット部(スリット幅0.44mm、管内径20.6mm)の全周からホルマリン(19.8質量%ホルムアルデヒド水溶液)を流量2.55L/minで導入し、銀粉を析出させた。スリット幅0.44mmのスリット部から入る還元剤の流速は1.49m/sであり、還元剤が入る位置の管2内径20.6mmにおける還元剤の添加直前の銀アンミン錯体の流速は1.50m/sであり、還元剤の流速に対する錯体の流速の比(錯体流速/還元剤流速)は1.01である。
銀粉製造装置の稼働時間(表面処理剤を導入した銀アンミン錯体の流れが安定した後の、銀アンミン錯体への還元剤導入の開始から停止までの時間)は37秒とした。
上記において、硝酸銀水溶液の流路入口からアンモニア水溶液添加位置まで1秒、アンモニア水溶液添加位置からホルマリン添加位置まで2.12秒(2.1m)、表面処理剤添加位置からホルマリン添加位置まで0.123秒、ホルマリン添加位置の直前の銀アンミン錯体溶液の温度は27.8℃であった。
その他の作製条件及び評価結果を表1及び2に示す。SEM写真(5000倍)を図4に示す。
表1に示す条件に変更したほかは、実施例1と同様にして銀粉を作製した。実施例3及び4では、ミキサーを用いた。実施例2、実施例3、実施例4における銀粉製造装置の稼働時間は、それぞれ、33秒、43秒、870秒とした。得られた銀粉は、それぞれ、193g、126g、5091gであった。
実施例2~4の評価結果を表2に示す。また、実施例2~4の銀粉のSEM写真(5000倍)を図5~7に示す。
図3の銀粉製造装置の還元剤添加部材10に代えて、管2の内側にホルマリンを供給する同軸の供給管(内径6mm)を配置した同軸二重管を設置し、ホルマリン(19.8質量%ホルムアルデヒド水溶液)を流量2.55L/minで導入し、銀粉を析出させた。銀粉製造装置の稼働時間は47秒とした。それ以外は、実施例1と同様であるか、表1に示すとおりである。得られた銀粉は、275gであった。評価結果を表2に示す。比較例1の銀粉のSEM写真(5000倍)を図8に示す。
実施例及び比較例の銀粉を使用して、以下のようにして導電性ペーストを調製した。
下記の表3に示す組成比として、以下の処理を行い、実施例・比較例の銀粉を使用した導電性ペーストを得た。プロペラレス自公転式撹拌脱泡装置(株式会社シンキ―製のAR310)を用いて1400rpmで30秒撹拌し混合した後、3本ロール(EXAKT社製の80S)を用いて、ロールギャップを100μmから20μmまで通過させて混練した。
細線評価(EL)は、導電パターンを形成して評価した。導電パターンの形成は以下のように行った。まず、太陽電池用シリコン基板(100Ω/□)上に、スクリーン印刷機(マイクロテック社製、MT-320TV)を用いて、基板裏面にアルミニウムペースト(Rutech社製、28D22G-2)を用いて154mmのベタパターンを形成した。次に、実施例・比較例の銀粉を用いて作製した上記の導電性ペーストを500メッシュにてろ過した後、基板表面側に、図9に示すパターンで、14μmから26μmの線幅の電極(フィンガー電極)と幅1mmの電極(バスバー電極)をスキージ速度350mm/secにて印刷(塗布)を行った。200℃で10分間の熱風乾燥を行った後、高速焼成炉IR炉(日本ガイシ社製、高速焼成試験4室炉)を用いて、ピーク温度750℃、インアウト時間41秒の焼成を行い、導電パターンを得た。
2 管
4a 還元剤供給管
4b 還元剤供給管
5 表面処理剤供給管
6 錯化剤供給管
10 還元剤添加部材
11 開口
12 スリット部
13 隙間
Claims (14)
- レーザー回折法による体積基準の累積10%径D10、累積50%径D50及び累積90%径D90が、式:
(D90-D10)/D50 < 1
を満たし、かつBET径DBETに対する、前記D50の比(D50/DBET)が、0.90以上1.20以下である、球状銀粉。 - 前記D50が0.2μm以上3.5μm以下である、請求項1に記載の球状銀粉。
- BET比表面積が0.17m2/g以上3.23m2/g以下である、請求項1に記載の球状銀粉。
- 前記比(D50/DBET)が0.95以上1.05以下である、請求項1に記載の球状銀粉。
- 前記DBETが0.18μm以上3.9μm以下である、請求項1に記載の球状銀粉。
- 銀錯体溶液を流路に流し、流路の途中の還元剤添加位置で還元剤を前記流路に添加し、流路内で銀粉を還元析出させる球状銀粉の製造方法であって、前記還元剤の添加を流路に対して複数の方向から行う、球状銀粉の製造方法。
- 前記複数の方向が、それぞれ流路に対して75度以上105度以下の角度をなす、請求項6に記載の球状銀粉の製造方法。
- 前記還元剤の添加を、流路の外周の全方向から行う、請求項6に記載の球状銀粉の製造方法。
- 前記還元剤の添加を、表面処理剤を含む銀錯体溶液に対して行う、請求項6に記載の球状銀粉の製造方法。
- 流路における還元剤添加位置の上流で銀含有溶液と錯化剤を混合し、前記流路内で前記銀錯体溶液を生成する、請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載の球状銀粉の製造方法。
- 銀錯体溶液に還元剤を添加して銀粉を還元析出させる銀粉製造装置であって、前記銀錯体溶液の流路を形成する管を有し、前記管にはその内周に沿って径方向外側に向いた開口を有するスリットが設けられ、前記スリットには前記還元剤の供給管が接続している、球状銀粉製造装置。
- 前記還元剤の供給管を複数有し、少なくとも2本の前記還元剤の供給管が互いに偏心して前記スリットに接続している、請求項11に記載の球状銀粉製造装置。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の球状銀粉、有機バインダ及び溶剤を含有する導電性ペースト。
- 太陽電池の電極形成用である、請求項13に記載の導電性ペースト。
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| JP6047276B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-30 | 2017-07-05 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 焼結型導電性ペースト用銀粉 |
| JP6135405B2 (ja) | 2013-08-28 | 2017-05-31 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | 銀粉及びその製造方法 |
| KR20180083226A (ko) * | 2017-01-12 | 2018-07-20 | 주식회사 테라메탈 | 연속식 용액환원법에 의한 은(銀) 분말 제조방법 및 그 제조장치 |
| KR102302205B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-04 | 2021-09-16 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 은 분말 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| KR20200038742A (ko) * | 2018-10-04 | 2020-04-14 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 은 분말 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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| CN210280682U (zh) * | 2019-04-12 | 2020-04-10 | 西安汇创贵金属新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种球形微米银粉的制备装置 |
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- 2022-04-28 JP JP2022075431A patent/JP7598898B2/ja active Active
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2023
- 2023-04-25 WO PCT/JP2023/016355 patent/WO2023210663A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-25 US US18/859,172 patent/US20250297114A1/en active Pending
- 2023-04-25 CN CN202380036044.7A patent/CN119233872A/zh active Pending
- 2023-04-25 EP EP23796403.6A patent/EP4516431A4/en active Pending
- 2023-04-25 KR KR1020247035288A patent/KR20240166005A/ko active Pending
- 2023-04-27 TW TW112115787A patent/TWI855655B/zh active
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| JP2005048236A (ja) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-24 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | 微粒銀粉及びその微粒銀粉の製造方法 |
| JP2008255378A (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2008-10-23 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 銀微粒子の製造方法 |
| JP2011042839A (ja) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-03-03 | Dowa Electronics Materials Co Ltd | 銀粉の製造方法および製造装置 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2023164097A (ja) | 2023-11-10 |
| TWI855655B (zh) | 2024-09-11 |
| US20250297114A1 (en) | 2025-09-25 |
| KR20240166005A (ko) | 2024-11-25 |
| EP4516431A1 (en) | 2025-03-05 |
| JP7598898B2 (ja) | 2024-12-12 |
| CN119233872A (zh) | 2024-12-31 |
| EP4516431A4 (en) | 2026-05-13 |
| TW202346610A (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
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