WO2023213134A1 - 一种数据报告的方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

一种数据报告的方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023213134A1
WO2023213134A1 PCT/CN2023/080588 CN2023080588W WO2023213134A1 WO 2023213134 A1 WO2023213134 A1 WO 2023213134A1 CN 2023080588 W CN2023080588 W CN 2023080588W WO 2023213134 A1 WO2023213134 A1 WO 2023213134A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network element
data
user plane
information
plane network
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2023/080588
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
封召
辛阳
王远
周润泽
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to AU2023264655A priority Critical patent/AU2023264655B2/en
Priority to CA3256980A priority patent/CA3256980A1/en
Priority to EP23799123.7A priority patent/EP4496378A4/en
Publication of WO2023213134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023213134A1/zh
Priority to US18/934,167 priority patent/US20250056297A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/14—Network analysis or design
    • H04L41/142—Network analysis or design using statistical or mathematical methods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/34—Signalling channels for network management communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signalling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0078—Timing of allocation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0268—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks, e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0876—Network utilisation, e.g. volume of load or congestion level

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communication systems, and in particular, to a data reporting method, device and system.
  • the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP R15) version introduced the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) network element.
  • the R16 phase defined an intelligent network architecture based on the NWDAF network element.
  • the architecture includes A series of processes such as data collection, data analysis and analysis result feedback, and the intelligent architecture has been enhanced in terms of architecture and process in the R17 stage, such as supporting the decoupling of NWDAF network element functions (such as training functions, inference functions and ML models) sharing), multiple NWDAF instances (such as hierarchical NWDAF architecture, NWDAF reselection, model sharing, time coordination, abnormal terminal behavior interaction, etc.), data collection efficiency improvement, terminal data reporting to NWDAF and other architectural enhancements, as well as intelligent network selection and slicing New value scenarios such as SLA enhancement and hotspot analysis.
  • the purpose of intelligent network architecture is to collect massive information in the network and use existing big data and artificial intelligence technologies to utilize this data to output some valuable information to assist operators in policy formulation and network resource adjustment. Improve user experience, reduce network load,
  • NWDAF network elements are also defined, such as user service experience analysis results, network element load analysis results, and terminal mobility analysis results.
  • NWDAF network elements Corresponding data needs to be collected from different network elements of the network (such as user plane network elements).
  • the basic function of the user plane network element is the uplink and downlink user plane data forwarding function
  • the user plane network element needs to collect additional data and report it to the NWDAF network element, especially the user plane network element needs to report to the terminal (User Equipment, UE) ) level or QoS flow (Quality of Service Flow, QoS Flow) level data is sent to the NWDAF network element, which has a great impact on the performance of the user plane network element, thus affecting the basic uplink and downlink user plane data forwarding functions of the user plane network element.
  • the current relevant technology does not provide a solution to reduce the impact on the performance of the user plane network element when the user plane network element reports data to the NWDAF network element. Therefore, how to reduce the impact on the user when the user plane network element reports data to the NWDAF network element? The impact on network element performance is an urgent technical issue that needs to be solved.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a data reporting method, device and system, which are used to reduce the impact on the performance of the user plane network element when the user plane network element reports data to the data analysis network element.
  • this application provides a data reporting method, including: a data analysis network element sending a first message including first report information to a first user plane network element.
  • the first message is used to request the first user plane network element to report the first data according to the first reporting information.
  • the first data is when the first user plane network element detects the first event and is Data generated when triggered.
  • the first report information includes first indication information and/or reporting time information.
  • the first indication information is used by the first user plane network element to determine whether reporting of the first data can be delayed.
  • the reporting time information is used to instruct the first user plane network element to determine the time to report the first data.
  • the data analysis network element receives the first data from the first user plane network element.
  • the data analysis network element provides the first report information to the first user plane network element. Since the first report information includes the first indication information and/or the reporting time information, the first indication The information is used by the first user plane network element to determine whether reporting of the first data can be delayed. This allows the first user plane network element to determine whether reporting of the first data can or cannot be delayed based on instructions from the data analysis network element. When reporting of the first data can be delayed, In the case of a data, the first user plane network element does not need to report the first data to the data analysis network element immediately when it detects that the first event is triggered, but can independently choose to report the first data to the data analysis network element when its load is light.
  • the first data analysis network element reports the first data, thereby reducing the impact of the reported data on the performance of the first user plane network element.
  • the reporting time information is used to instruct the first user plane network element to determine the time to report the first data. This allows the first user plane network element to report the first data based on the reporting time indicated by the data analysis network element, thereby achieving flexibility in data reporting and also reducing the impact of the report data on the performance of the first user plane network element.
  • the first message also includes a first event identifier, and the first event identifier is associated with one or more user plane data types.
  • the first data is data corresponding to one or more user plane data types generated by the first user plane network element when detecting that the first event is triggered.
  • the first message also includes second indication information.
  • the second instruction information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to request to obtain data of at least one user plane data type among the one or more user plane data types associated with the first event identifier.
  • the data analysis network element receives data from the first user plane
  • the first data of the network element includes: the data analysis network element receives data of at least one user plane data type provided by the first user plane network element.
  • the first data is data corresponding to at least one user plane data type generated by the first user plane network element when detecting that the first event is triggered.
  • the first report information includes one or more of the following information: third indication information, used to indicate that the load of the first user plane network element is lower than a predetermined level; When a threshold is set, the first data is reported to the data analysis network element; the first load threshold is used for the first user plane network element to determine to report the first data to the data analysis network element when the load of the first user plane network element is lower than the first load threshold.
  • third indication information used to indicate that the load of the first user plane network element is lower than a predetermined level
  • the first load threshold is used for the first user plane network element to determine to report the first data to the data analysis network element when the load of the first user plane network element is lower than the first load threshold.
  • the reporting time information includes first start time information and first end time information.
  • the first start time information is used by the first user plane network element to determine the time to report the first data to the data analysis network element.
  • the start time and the first end time information are used by the first user plane network element to determine the first end time of reporting data to the data analysis network element; or the reporting time information includes deadline time information, and the deadline time information is used to indicate the data analysis network element.
  • the reporting time information includes second start time information and time length information, and the first start time information is used for the first user plane
  • the network element determines the start time of reporting the first data to the data analysis network element, and the time length information is used by the first user plane network element to determine the time length of reporting the data to the data analysis network element; or the reporting time information includes time window information, and the time length is The window information is used by the first user plane network element to determine the third start time and the second end time of reporting data to the data analysis network element.
  • the load of the first user plane network element is lower than the preset load threshold.
  • the method provided by the present application further includes: the data analysis network element obtains the first analysis identifier from the consumer network element.
  • the first analysis identifier is used by the data analysis network element to determine the analysis result or machine learning model corresponding to the first analysis identifier requested by the consumer network element.
  • the data analysis network element obtains the first event identifier based on the first analysis identifier.
  • the data analysis network element obtains information from the first network element based on the first event identifier of one or more user plane network elements that support the first event identifier, and the one or more user plane network elements include the first user plane network element.
  • the data analysis network element has association information between each analysis identifier and the event identifier in one or more analysis identifiers.
  • the data analysis network element obtains the first analysis identifier based on the first analysis identifier.
  • the event identifier includes: the data analysis network element determines the event identifier associated with the first analysis identifier as the first event identifier based on the correlation information, and the one or more analysis identifiers include the first analysis identifier.
  • the data analysis network element obtains the first event identifier based on the first analysis identifier, including: the data analysis network element determines the first analysis identifier as the first event identifier.
  • the data analysis network element has association information between each data granularity and an event identifier in one or more data granularities, and the data analysis network element obtains the first event identifier according to the first analysis identifier, It includes: the data analysis network element determines that the data collected from the user plane network element is the first data granularity according to the first analysis identifier. The data analysis network element determines the event identifier associated with the first data granularity in the correlation information as the first event identifier, and the first data granularity belongs to one or more data granularities.
  • the data analysis network element obtains information from the first network element on one or more user plane network elements that support the first event identifier according to the first event identifier, including: the data analysis network element
  • the first network element sends a second message carrying the first event identifier.
  • the second message is used to request the first network element to provide information about the user plane network element that supports the first event identifier.
  • the data analysis network element receives information from one or more user plane network elements of the first network element.
  • the first message also includes information about the first terminal, and the first message is used to request first data corresponding to the first terminal.
  • the data analysis network element also requests the second data corresponding to the second terminal from the first user plane network element through a third message, and the third message also includes the first report information.
  • the data analysis network element receiving the first data from the first user plane network element includes: the data analysis network element receives the first response sent from the first user plane network element, and the first response includes the first data corresponding to the first terminal. and second data corresponding to the second terminal.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a data reporting method, including: a first user plane network element receiving a first message including first report information from a data analysis network element.
  • the first message is used to request the first user plane network element to report the first data according to the first reporting information.
  • the first data is data generated by the first user plane network element when it detects that the first event is triggered.
  • the first report information includes first indication information and/or reporting time information.
  • the first indication information is used by the first user plane network element to determine whether reporting of the first data can be delayed.
  • the reporting time information is used to instruct the first user plane network element to determine the time to report the first data.
  • the first user plane network element obtains the first data.
  • the first user plane network element reports the first data to the data analysis network element according to the first report information.
  • the first message also includes a first event identifier, the first event identifier is associated with one or more user plane data types, and the first data is when the first user plane network element detects the first Data corresponding to one or more user plane data types generated when an event is triggered.
  • the first message also includes second indication information, and the second indication information It is used to instruct the data analysis network element to request to obtain data of at least one user plane data type among one or more user plane data types associated with the first event identifier.
  • the first user plane network element obtains the first data, including: A user plane network element acquires data of at least one user plane data type when the first event is triggered as first data according to the second indication information.
  • the first report information includes one or more of the following information: third indication information, used to indicate that the load of the first user plane network element is lower than a predetermined level; When a threshold is set, the first data is reported to the data analysis network element; the first load threshold is used for the first user plane network element to determine to report the first data to the data analysis network element when the load of the first user plane network element is lower than the first load threshold.
  • the first user plane network element reports the first data to the data analysis network element according to the first report information, including: the first user plane network element reports the first data to the data analysis network element according to the third indication information and/or the first load threshold.
  • the data analysis network element reports the first data.
  • the reporting time information includes first start time information and first end time information.
  • the first start time information is used by the first user plane network element to determine the time to report the first data to the data analysis network element.
  • the start time and the first end time information are used by the first user plane network element to determine the first end time of reporting data to the data analysis network element; or the reporting time information includes deadline time information, and the deadline time information is used to indicate the data analysis network element.
  • the reporting time information includes second start time information and time length information, and the first start time information is used for the first user plane
  • the network element determines the start time of reporting the first data to the data analysis network element, and the time length information is used by the first user plane network element to determine the time length of reporting the data to the data analysis network element; or the reporting time information includes time window information, and the time length is The window information is used by the first user plane network element to determine the third start time and the second end time of reporting data to the data analysis network element.
  • the method provided by the present application further includes: the first user plane network element sending relevant information of the first user plane network element to the first network element.
  • the relevant information of the first user plane network element at least includes one or more event identifiers supported by the first user plane network element.
  • the step of the first user plane network element sending the relevant information of the first user plane network element to the first network element in this application further includes: the first user plane network element sends the first user plane network element to the first network element The identification of the terminal sending the first user plane network element service.
  • the method provided by the present application further includes: the first user plane network element receives the third message from the data analysis network element.
  • the third message is used to request the second data corresponding to the second terminal from the first user plane network element, and if the third message also includes the first report information, the first user plane network element will use the first user plane network element according to the first report information.
  • reporting the first data to the data analysis network element includes: the first user plane network element reports the first response to the data analysis network element according to the first report information.
  • the first response includes second data corresponding to the second terminal and first data corresponding to the first terminal.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication method, including: a first network element receiving a second message carrying a first event identifier from a data analysis network element.
  • the first event identifier is associated with one or more user plane data types.
  • the second message is used to request the first network element to provide information about the user plane network element that supports the first event identifier.
  • the first network element determines, according to the first event identifier, information of one or more user plane network elements that support the first event identifier.
  • the first network element sends the information of one or more user plane network elements to the data analysis network element.
  • the first network element providing the information of one or more user plane network elements to the data analysis network element may also include: the first network element providing one or more user plane network elements to the data analysis network element.
  • Network element facing Related Information The relevant information of the user plane network element at least includes one or more event identifiers supported by the user plane network element.
  • the relevant information about the user plane network element also includes information about the service area or network slice information served by the user plane network element, and the network element type of the user plane network element.
  • Network elements are user plane network elements that are eligible to provide data.
  • the first network element may be an NRF network element, an SMF network element, or a UDM network element.
  • the first network element is configured with relevant information of one or more user plane network elements.
  • the relevant information includes one or more event identifiers supported by the user plane network element and the user plane network element. information (such as identification or address information).
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application further includes: before the first network element receives the second message carrying the first event identifier from the data analysis network element, the first network element receives the second message from the data analysis network element.
  • the third message includes relevant information of the user plane network element.
  • the relevant information includes one or more event identifiers supported by the user plane network element and the identifier of the user plane network element.
  • One or more The event identifier includes a first event identifier. In this way, the user plane network element can register its relevant information into the first network element.
  • the first network element is a session management network element or a unified data management network element that provides services for the first terminal
  • one or more user plane network elements include a session management network element that provides services for the first terminal.
  • the first user plane network element receives the third message from the first user plane network element, including: during the session establishment or update process of the first terminal, the first network element receives the third message from the first user plane network element. The third message.
  • the first network element is an SMF network element or UDM that provides services for the first terminal.
  • the first network element receives the third message from the first user plane network element, including: in the first When a network element determines that it does not have relevant information about the first user plane network element, the first network element sends a request message to the first user plane network element.
  • the request message is used to request the first user plane network element to send a request to the first user plane network element.
  • the element provides relevant information about the first user plane network element. Since there may be situations where the user plane network element does not register its relevant information to the first network element, this solution can realize the triggering of the user plane network element based on the SMF network element or UDM, and provide the first user plane to the first network element.
  • the first network element determines that the data analysis network element needs to query whether the first user plane network element supports the first event identifier. At this time, the first network element determines that the local area does not have relevant information about the first user plane network element or discovers that the first user The surface network element has not registered the relevant information of the first user plane network element with the first network element, so the first network element can be triggered to provide the relevant information of the first user plane network element. Or the first network element may determine based on triggering in other ways that it does not have relevant information about the first user plane network element.
  • the first network element is a session management network element or a unified data management network element serving the first terminal, and the first terminal is served by the second user plane network element.
  • the second message It also includes the identification of the first terminal.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application also includes: not including the first event identification in the event identification supported by the second user plane network element, or the event identification supported by the second user plane network element.
  • the first network element feeds back a fourth message to the data analysis network element, and the fourth message is used to indicate that no information about the user plane network element that supports the first event identifier has been queried.
  • the first network element determines according to the fourth message that there is no information about the user plane network element that supports the first event identifier, so as to feed back corresponding information to the consumer network element, such as analysis results or ML models that reject the request of the consumer network element. .
  • the first network element is a session management network element serving the first terminal
  • the first terminal is served by the second user plane network element
  • the second message also includes the first terminal's Identification
  • the first network element determines the identification of one or more user plane network elements that support the first event identification based on the first event identification, including: the event identification supported by the second user plane network element does not include the first event identifier, or when the event identifier supported by the second user plane network element includes part of the event identifier in the first event identifier
  • the first network element determines the third user plane network element that supports the first event identifier for the first terminal
  • the third user plane network element belongs to one or more user plane network elements. In this way, the third user plane network element can be reselected for the first terminal so that the third user plane network element provides data of one or more user plane data types associated with the first event identifier.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication device that can implement the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, and therefore can also implement the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • the communication device may be a data analysis network element, or may be a device that supports the data analysis network element to implement the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, such as a chip applied in the data analysis network element.
  • the communication device can implement the above method through software, hardware, or through hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the communication device may include a processing unit and a communication unit, where the communication unit is configured to perform the receiving/transmitting related steps performed by the data analysis network element in the above first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • the processing unit is configured to perform relevant steps of processing performed by the data analysis network element in the above-mentioned first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • the processing unit may be a processor, and the communication unit may be a communication interface.
  • the communication interface may be an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, etc.
  • the processing unit executes instructions stored in the storage unit, so that the data analysis network element implements a data reporting method described in the first aspect or any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the storage unit may be a storage unit within the chip (eg, register, cache, etc.), or may be a storage unit located outside the chip within the data analysis network element (eg, read-only memory, random access memory, etc.) .
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication device that can implement the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, and therefore can also implement the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
  • Beneficial effects in the implementation method may be a first user plane network element, or may be a device that supports the first user plane network element to implement the method in the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, for example, applied to the first user plane network Chips in Yuanzhong.
  • the communication device can implement the above method through software, hardware, or through hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the communication device may include a processing unit and a communication unit, where the communication unit is configured to perform reception/transmission performed by the first user plane network element in the above second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect.
  • the processing unit is configured to perform relevant steps of processing performed by the first user plane network element in the above second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the processing unit may be a processor, and the communication unit may be a communication interface.
  • the communication interface may be an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, etc.
  • the processing unit executes instructions stored in the storage unit, so that the first user plane network element implements a data reporting method described in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the storage unit may be a storage unit within the chip (for example, register, cache, etc.), or may be the first user plane A storage unit located outside the chip in the network element (for example, read-only memory, random access memory, etc.).
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication device that can implement the method in the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, and therefore can also implement the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect.
  • Beneficial effects in the implementation method may be the first network element, or may be a device that supports the first network element to implement the method in the third aspect or any possible implementation manner of the third aspect, such as a chip applied in the first network element.
  • the communication device can implement the above method through software, hardware, or through hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the communication device may include a processing unit and a communication unit, where the communication unit is configured to perform the receiving/transmitting related steps performed by the first network element in the above third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect.
  • the processing unit is configured to perform relevant steps of processing performed by the first network element in the above third aspect or any possible implementation manner of the third aspect.
  • the processing unit may be a processor, and the communication unit may be a communication interface.
  • the communication interface may be an input/output interface, a pin or a circuit, etc.
  • the processing unit executes instructions stored in the storage unit, so that the first network element implements a data reporting method described in the third aspect or any possible implementation manner of the third aspect.
  • the storage unit may be a storage unit within the chip (for example, a register, a cache, etc.), or may be a storage unit in the first network element located outside the chip (for example, a read-only memory, a random access memory, etc.) .
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium.
  • Computer programs or instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer program or instructions When the computer program or instructions are run on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the steps from the first aspect to the third aspect.
  • the computer can analyze network elements for data.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium.
  • Computer programs or instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer programs or instructions are run on a computer, they cause the computer to execute the steps from the second aspect to the third aspect.
  • the computer may be the first user plane network element.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium.
  • Computer programs or instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the computer programs or instructions are run on a computer, they cause the computer to execute the steps from the third aspect to the third aspect.
  • This computer can be the first network element.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product including instructions.
  • the instructions When the instructions are run on a computer, the computer performs a data report described in the first aspect or various possible implementations of the first aspect. method.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are run on a computer, they cause the computer to execute a data described in the second aspect or various possible implementations of the second aspect. Reporting Methods.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are run on a computer, they cause the computer to execute a data described in the third aspect or various possible implementations of the third aspect. Reporting Methods.
  • inventions of the present application provide a communication device for implementing the above first to third aspects.
  • the communication device may be the above-mentioned data analysis network element, or a device including the above-mentioned data analysis network element, or a component (for example, a chip) applied in the data analysis network element.
  • the communication device may be the above-mentioned first network element, or a device including the above-mentioned first network element, or the communication device may be a component (for example, a chip) applied in the first network element.
  • the communication device may be the above-mentioned first user plane network element, or a device including the above-mentioned first user plane network element, or the communication device may be a component (for example, a chip) applied in the first user plane network element.
  • the communication device includes corresponding modules and units for implementing the above method.
  • the modules and units can be implemented by hardware, software, or by hardware executing corresponding software.
  • the hardware or software includes one or more modules or units corresponding to the above functions.
  • the communication device described in the thirteenth aspect above may also include: a bus and a memory, and the memory is used to store codes and data.
  • the memory is used to store codes and data.
  • at least one processor communication interface and the memory are coupled to each other.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication device, which includes: a communication interface and at least one processor. Wherein, at least one processor communicates with the communication interface. When the communication device is running, the at least one processor executes the computer execution instructions or programs stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the above-mentioned first aspect or the first aspect.
  • the communication device may be a data analysis network element, or a chip applied in the data analysis network element.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication device, which includes: a communication interface and at least one processor. Wherein, at least one processor communicates with the communication interface. When the communication device is running, the at least one processor executes computer execution instructions or programs stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the above second aspect or the second aspect.
  • the communication device may be a first user plane network element, or a chip applied in the first user plane network element.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which includes: a communication interface and at least one processor. Wherein, at least one processor communicates with the communication interface. When the communication device is running, the at least one processor executes the computer execution instructions or programs stored in the memory, so that the communication device executes the above third aspect or the third aspect. Methods in various possible implementations.
  • the communication device may be the first network element, or a chip applied in the first network element.
  • the communication device described in any one of the fourteenth to sixteenth aspects may also include a memory, and the memory may also be replaced by a storage medium, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the memory described in any one of the fourteenth to sixteenth aspects can be a memory inside the communication device.
  • the memory can also be located outside the communication device, but at least one processor Computer-executable instructions or programs stored in this memory can still be executed.
  • inventions of the present application provide a communication device.
  • the communication device includes one or more modules for implementing the method of any one of the above-mentioned first, second, and third aspects.
  • the one Or multiple modules may correspond to various steps in the method of any one of the above-mentioned first, second, and third aspects.
  • inventions of the present application provide a chip system.
  • the chip system includes at least one processor.
  • the processor is configured to read and execute the computer program stored in the memory to execute the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof. method in.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a chip system.
  • the chip system includes at least one processor.
  • the processor is configured to read and execute the computer program stored in the memory to execute the second aspect or any possible method thereof. Methods in the implementation.
  • inventions of the present application provide a chip system.
  • the chip system includes at least one processor.
  • the processor is configured to read and execute the computer program stored in the memory to execute the third aspect or any possible implementation thereof. method in.
  • the chip system may be a single chip or a chip module composed of multiple chips.
  • the chip system further includes a memory, and the memory and the processor are connected to the memory through circuits or wires.
  • the chip system also includes a communication interface.
  • the communication interface is used to communicate with other modules outside the chip.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a communication system, which includes: a data analysis network element and a first user plane network element.
  • the data analysis network element is used to perform the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof
  • the first user plane network element is used to perform the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation thereof.
  • the communication system may also include one or more first network elements (for example, NRF network element or session management network element or unified data management network element) for performing the above first aspect or any possible implementation thereof. method within the method.
  • first network elements for example, NRF network element or session management network element or unified data management network element
  • Figure 1 is a schematic architectural diagram of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a 5G network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another 5G network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2 are respectively flow diagrams of obtaining data from UPF network elements in the prior art
  • Figure 5 is a schematic flow chart of a data reporting method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic flow chart of another data reporting method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic flow chart of a specific embodiment of a data reporting method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic flow chart of another specific embodiment of a data reporting method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic flow chart of another specific embodiment of a data reporting method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a chip provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • words such as “first” and “second” are used to distinguish the same or similar items with basically the same functions and effects.
  • the first network element and the second network element are only used to distinguish different network elements, and their sequence is not limited.
  • words such as “first” and “second” do not limit the number and execution order, and words such as “first” and “second” do not limit the number and execution order.
  • At least one refers to one or more, and “plurality” refers to two or more.
  • “And/or” describes the association of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, where A, B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the related objects are in an “or” relationship.
  • “At least one of the following” or similar expressions thereof refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (items) or a plurality of items (items).
  • At least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple .
  • LTE long time evolution
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD LTE time division duplex
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunication system
  • WiMAX global interoperability for microwave access
  • PLMN public land mobile network
  • D2D device-to-device
  • M2M machine to machine
  • 5G fifth generation mobile communication technology
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system.
  • the communication system includes: a data analysis network element 100 and a user plane network element 200. Among them, the data analysis network element 100 and the user plane network element 200 can communicate.
  • system shown in Figure 1 may also include one or more of the consumer network element 300, the session management network element 400, the NRF network element 500, and the unified data management network element 600.
  • the data analysis network element 100 can obtain the required user plane data from the user plane network element 200, and then perform data analysis or train an ML model based on the user plane data. Specifically, the data analysis network element 100 can obtain the required user plane data from the user plane network element 200 according to the demand information of the consumer network element 300.
  • the communication system shown in Figure 1 in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to 5G network architecture and other network architectures that will appear in the future, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the user plane network element in the 5G core network can be the user plane function (UPF) network.
  • the network element or entity corresponding to the element and the session management network element can be a session management function (Session Management Function, SMF) network element.
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • the data analysis network element in the embodiment of the present application can be the network data analytics function (NWDAF) network element in 5GC, or it can be the management data analysis function (MDAF) of the network management system. ) network element, or even a data analysis network element on the Radio Access Network (RAN) side.
  • NWDAAF network data analytics function
  • MDAF management data analysis function
  • the 5G network architecture can also include: access and mobility management function (AMF) network elements, unified data management (UDM) Network element, policy control function (PCF) network element, application function (AF) network element, data network (DN), network switching Network slice selection function (NSSF) network element, network exposure function (NEF) network element, user data repository (UDR), and network repository function (NRF) Network elements and operation, administration, and maintenance (OAM) network elements (also called operation, management and maintenance network elements).
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • UDM unified data management
  • PCF policy control function
  • AF application function
  • DN data network
  • NSSF network switching Network slice selection function
  • NEF network exposure function
  • UDR user data repository
  • NRF network repository function
  • OFAM operation, administration, and maintenance
  • This NRF network element is mainly used for the discovery of network elements (such as AMF network elements, UPF network elements, NWDAF network elements, etc.).
  • the terminal communicates with the AMF network element through the N1 interface (referred to as N1).
  • the AMF entity communicates with the SMF network element through the N11 interface (referred to as N11).
  • the SMF network element communicates with one or more UPF network elements through the N4 interface (referred to as N4). Any two UPF network elements among one or more UPF network elements communicate through the N9 interface (referred to as N9).
  • the UPF network element communicates with the data network (DN) managed by the AF network element through the N6 interface (referred to as N6).
  • the terminal accesses the network through the access network element (for example, RAN network element), and the RAN network element and the AMF network element communicate through the N2 interface (referred to as N2).
  • the access network element for example, RAN network element
  • the RAN network element and the AMF network element communicate through the N2 interface (referred to as N2).
  • the SMF network element communicates with the PCF network element through the N7 interface (referred to as N7), and the PCF network element communicates with the AF network element through the N5 interface.
  • the RAN network element communicates with the UPF network element through the N3 interface (referred to as N3). Any two AMF network elements communicate through the N14 interface (referred to as N14).
  • the SMF network element communicates with UDM through the N10 interface (referred to as N10).
  • the AMF network element communicates with the AUSF through the N12 interface (referred to as N12).
  • AMF network elements communicate with UDM network elements through the N8 interface (referred to as N8).
  • control plane network elements can also use service-based interfaces to interact.
  • AMF network elements, SMF network elements, UDM network elements, or PCF network elements use service-oriented interfaces to interact.
  • the service-oriented interface provided by the AMF network element to the outside world can be Namf.
  • the external service interface provided by the SMF network element can be Nsmf.
  • the service-oriented interface provided by the UDM network element to the outside world can be Nudm.
  • the service-oriented interface provided by the PCF network element to the outside world can be Npcf.
  • the external service interface provided by the CHF network element may be Nchf (not shown in Figure 3).
  • the service-oriented interface provided by the NWDAF network element to the outside world can be Nnwdaf.
  • the service-oriented interface provided by the BSF network element to the outside world can be Nbsf.
  • the service-oriented interface provided by the NRF network element to the outside world can be Nnrf. It should be understood that the relevant description of the names of various service-oriented interfaces can refer to the 5G system architecture diagram in the 23501 standard, and will not be described again here.
  • Figure 2 or Figure 3 only illustrates a UPF network element and an SMF network element. Of course, it may include multiple UPF network elements and SMF network elements, such as SMF network element 1 and SMF network element 2. This is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the access network element, AMF network element, SMF network element, UDM network element, UPF network element and PCF network element in Figure 2 or Figure 3 are just names, and the name does not limit the device itself.
  • the network elements or entities corresponding to RAN network elements, AMF network elements, SMF network elements, UDM network elements, UPF network elements and PCF network elements can also have other names.
  • This application implements The example does not specifically limit this.
  • the UDM network element may be replaced by a home subscriber server (HSS) or a user subscription database (USD) or a database entity, etc. This will be explained in a unified manner and will not be described in detail later. .
  • HSS home subscriber server
  • USD user subscription database
  • NF Network Function
  • PCF Packet Control Function
  • AMF Access Management Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • NEF Network Function
  • AF AF network element
  • NWDAF NWDAF network element
  • NWDAF network element network data analysis function. It has the functions of data collection, training, analysis and reasoning, and can be used to collect relevant data from network elements, third-party business servers, terminals or network management systems. Perform analysis and training on relevant data and provide analysis results to network elements, third-party service servers, terminals or network management systems. The analysis results can assist PCF network elements in determining service quality parameters of the business, or assist SMF network elements in performing traffic routing. Or assist PCF network elements to determine background data transmission strategies, etc.
  • NRF network element Provides registration and discovery capabilities for network elements in the 5G network. For example, relevant information about UPF network elements can be registered in NRF network elements. The NWDAF network element can discover the information of one or more UPF network elements from the NRF network element.
  • UDM network element performs contract management, access authorization, authentication information generation, etc. for users.
  • SMF network element session management function, which provides session management of terminal sessions (such as session establishment, modification, release), IP address allocation and management, UPF network element selection and control, etc.
  • the UDM network element and the SMF network element in the embodiment of the present application may also store relevant information of the UPF network element that provides services for the terminal.
  • UPF network element Provides user plane functions such as user plane data forwarding, processing, connection with DN, session anchor point, and QoS policy execution.
  • Terminal also known as: user equipment (UE), may include various handheld devices, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems with wireless communication capabilities; May also include subscriber units, cellular phones, smart phones, wireless data cards, personal digital assistant (PDA) computers, tablet computers, wireless modems, Handheld device (handheld), laptop computer (laptop computer), cordless phone (cordless phone) or wireless local loop (WLL) station, machine type communication (MTC) terminal, user equipment ( user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), terminal (terminal device) or relay user equipment, etc.
  • the relay user equipment may be, for example, a 5G residential gateway (RG).
  • RG 5G residential gateway
  • the terminal can be a terminal in various vertical industry application fields such as Internet of Things terminals, ports, smart factories, railway transportation, logistics, drones, and driverless cars.
  • the terminal can be a terminal in various vertical industry application fields such as Internet of Things terminals, ports, smart factories, railway transportation, logistics, drones, and driverless cars.
  • mobile robots automated guided vehicles (AGVs), driverless cars, control equipment and sensors on trains, control equipment and sensors deployed in factories, etc.
  • AGVs automated guided vehicles
  • driverless cars control equipment and sensors on trains
  • control equipment and sensors deployed in factories etc.
  • the terminal may also be a wearable device.
  • Wearable devices can also be called wearable smart devices. It is a general term for applying wearable technology to intelligently design daily wear and develop wearable devices, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing and shoes, etc.
  • a wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not just hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly defined wearable smart devices include full-featured, large-sized devices that can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on smartphones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, and those that only focus on a certain type of application function and need to cooperate with other devices such as smartphones. Use, such as various types of smart bracelets, smart jewelry, etc. for physical sign monitoring.
  • the terminal can also be a sensor device applied in the factory.
  • NWDAF network elements need to collect corresponding data from different network elements in the network.
  • Each Analytics ID corresponds to a set of data types that need to be collected.
  • the NWDAF network element needs to collect service experience-related data from the AF network element, and from the core network element (such as AMF network element/SMF Network element/UPF network element) collects quality of service (QoS) flow level network data and collects terminal (UE) level QoS related data from OAM network elements.
  • QoS quality of service
  • UE terminal
  • NWDAF network elements may also collect other levels of data from UPF network elements, such as network element (NF) level, application (Application) level, terminal level, etc. Examples are shown in Table 2 below:
  • the UPF network element After the UPF network element receives the data collection request from the NWDAF network element directly or indirectly (such as through the SMF network element), it will collect the corresponding data and send it to the NWDAF network element directly or indirectly.
  • Figure 4.1 shows the process of collecting UPF data of a specific terminal (such as one terminal or multiple terminals). As shown in Figure 4.1, the method includes:
  • Step 401-1 The NWDAF network element queries the UDM network element for information about the SMF network element that provides services for the terminal according to the terminal's identifier (such as SUPI).
  • the terminal's identifier such as SUPI
  • the above identification of the terminal may refer to the identification of one or more terminals. Specifically, when the NWDAF network element determines to obtain the user plane data of the terminal on the user plane network element, step 401-1 is executed.
  • the UDM network element stores a mapping relationship between the identifier of the terminal and the information of the SMF network element serving the terminal.
  • the mapping information stored in the UDM network element can be registered by the SMF network element into the UDM network element during the session establishment or session modification process of the terminal.
  • the information about the SMF network element may be the IP address of the SMF network element and the identifier of the SMF network element.
  • the identifier of the terminal in the embodiment of the present application may be one or more of the following: Internet protocol address (internet protocol, IP), subscription permanent identifier (subscription permanent identifier, SUPI), permanent equipment identifier (permanent equipment identifier, PEI), general public subscription identifier (GPSI), international mobile subscriber identifier (IMSI), international mobile equipment identity (IMEI), IP address and mobile station international integration Business digital network number (mobile station international integrated service digital network number, MSISDN).
  • IP Internet protocol address
  • SUPI subscription permanent identifier
  • PEI permanent equipment identifier
  • GPSI general public subscription identifier
  • IMSI international mobile subscriber identifier
  • IMEI international mobile equipment identity
  • IP address mobile station international integration Business digital network number
  • MSISDN mobile station international integrated service digital network number
  • Step 401-2 The NWDAF network element queries the SMF network element for the information of the service UPF network element that provides services for the terminal according to the terminal's identifier.
  • the SMF network element stores a mapping relationship between the identification of one or more terminals served by the SMF network element and the information of the UPF network element that provides services for each terminal.
  • the UPF network element information may be the IP address of the UPF network element and the ID of the UPF network element.
  • Step 401-3 The NWDAF network element sends a subscription message to the serving UPF network element through the event open subscription (Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe) service operation.
  • the service UPF network element receives the Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe service operation from the NWDAF network element.
  • the Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe service operation is used to subscribe to the service UPF network element and obtain the data of the terminal.
  • the subscription message carries the following parameters:
  • Event ID corresponds to a set of user plane data types (such as QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission, etc.), used to represent a set of user planes requested by NWDAF network elements data type data;
  • user plane data types such as QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission, etc.
  • Event Filter used to limit the scope of data collection by UPF network elements.
  • Event Filter S-NSSAI means that the NWDAF network element wants to obtain the data of the terminal in a specific slice (that is, the slice indicated by S-NSSAI), or
  • Event Filter App ID means that the NWDAF wants to obtain the App ID of the terminal. Indicates application-specific data.
  • Event Reporting Information used to instruct the UPF network element how to report data to the NWDAF network element. If the event reporting information includes periodic reporting instruction information and cycle, it means that the UPF network element reports to the NWDAF network element according to the cycle. data.
  • the NWDAF network element can subscribe to data from the UPF network element through the SMF network element, wherein the NWDAF network element sends the Nsmf_EventExposure_Subscribe service operation (the above-mentioned Event ID, Event Filter, Target of Event Reporting, Event Reporting) to the SMF network element Information), the SMF network element further sends the Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe service operation or N4 message (the above-mentioned Event ID, Event Filter, Target of Event Reporting, Event Reporting Information) to the UPF network element.
  • the Nsmf_EventExposure_Subscribe service operation the above-mentioned Event ID, Event Filter, Target of Event Reporting, Event Reporting
  • N4 the above-mentioned Event ID, Event Filter, Target of Event Reporting, Event Reporting Information
  • step 401-3 in addition to the subscription message, it may also be a non-subscription message.
  • Step 401-4 The UPF network element sends the collected data of the terminal to the NWDAF network element through the event open notification (Nupf_EventExposure_Notify) service operation.
  • the NWDAF network element can obtain the data of the terminal through the Nupf_EventExposure_Notify service operation.
  • the UPF network element can also send the collected data of the terminal to the NWDAF network element through a common non-service interface (similar to the N4 interface) message.
  • the UPF network element can send the data of the terminal to the NWDAF network element through the SMF network element, where the UPF network element sends the Nupf_EventExposure_Notify service operation or the N4 message (data of the terminal) to the SMF network element, and the SMF network element The element further sends the Nsmf_EventExposure_Notify service operation (data of the terminal) to the NWDAF network element.
  • the second way for NWDAF network elements to collect data from UPF network elements is to collect data from all terminals or some terminals in the Area of Interest (AoI).
  • AoI Area of Interest
  • Step 402-1 The NWDAF network element queries the NRF network element for information about one or more UPF network elements serving the area based on the AoI (list of TA/cell).
  • the NRF network element stores the registration information of the network element, namely NF profile, which includes network element type (NF type), network element identification (NF instance ID), network element address (FQDN or IP address of NF) and network element. Meta-serving area information (NF Serving Area information).
  • Step 402-2 The NWDAF network element sends a subscription message to each of one or more UPF network elements through the event open subscription (Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe) service operation.
  • each UPF network element receives the Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe service from the NWDAF network element. operate.
  • the Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe service operation is used to subscribe to the UPF network element and obtain the data of the terminal within a specific area.
  • the data of the terminal can be the data of a single terminal (such as QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission, etc.), or it can be data aggregated from multiple terminals (such as Traffic usage report).
  • a single terminal such as QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission, etc.
  • data aggregated from multiple terminals such as Traffic usage report.
  • the subscription message carries the following parameters:
  • Step 402-3 The UPF network element sends the collected data of terminals within a specific area to the NWDAF network element through the event open notification (Nupf_EventExposure_Notify) service operation.
  • the UPF network element can also send the collected data of the terminal to the NWDAF network element through a common non-service interface (similar to the N4 interface) message.
  • the specific structure of the execution subject on one side of a data reporting method is not particularly limited by the embodiment of the present application, as long as it can be recorded by running the code of a data reporting method of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the program can communicate using a data reporting method according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the execution subject of a data reporting method provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a functional module in the data analysis network element that can call and execute the program, or a communication device applied in the data analysis network element, such as a chip, Chip systems, integrated circuits, etc. These chips, chip systems, and integrated circuits can be installed inside the data analysis network element, or can be independent from the data analysis network element. This is not limited by the embodiments of this application.
  • the execution subject on the other side may be a functional module in the first user plane network element that can call and execute the program, or be a communication module applied in the first user plane network element.
  • Devices for example, chips, chip systems, integrated circuits, etc. These chips, chip systems, integrated circuits, etc. may be disposed inside the first user plane network element, or may be independent from the first user plane network element. The embodiments of this application do not Make restrictions.
  • the data reporting method includes:
  • Step 501 The data analysis network element sends the first message to the first user plane network element.
  • the first user plane network element receives the first message from the data analysis network element.
  • the first message includes first report information.
  • the first message is used to request the first user plane network element to report the first data according to the first reporting information.
  • the first data is data generated by the first user plane network element when it detects that the first event is triggered.
  • the first report information includes first indication information and/or reporting time information.
  • the first indication information is used by the first user plane network element to determine whether to delay reporting the first data.
  • the reporting time information is used to instruct the first user plane network element to determine the time to report the first data.
  • the above-mentioned first message may be a subscription message
  • the data analysis network element may send a subscription message to the first user plane network element through the Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe service operation to subscribe to the required data.
  • the first user plane network element reports the first data to the data analysis network element when detecting that the first event is triggered, In this case, the first user plane network element reports the first data to the data analysis network element without considering the performance impact of the first user plane network element. If the first indication information indicates that the first user plane network element delays reporting the first data, then the first user plane network element reports the first data according to the reporting time information after detecting that the first event is triggered. In this case, The process of reporting the first data to the data analysis network element by the first user plane network element may consider the performance impact of the first user plane network element.
  • the first data when the load of the first user plane network element is lighter than a certain threshold, the first data will be reported to the first user plane network element.
  • the data analysis network element sends the first data, thereby reducing the performance impact of the first data reporting process on the first user plane network element.
  • Step 502 The first user plane network element obtains the first data.
  • Step 503 The first user plane network element reports the first data to the data analysis network element according to the first report information. Accordingly, the data analysis network element receives the first data from the first user plane network element.
  • the first user plane network element may send the first data to the data analysis network element through the Nupf_EventExposure_Notify service operation.
  • the first report information includes the first indication information, and if the first indication information indicates not to delay reporting the first data, then after the first user plane network element collects the first data, if it detects When the first event is triggered, the first data is immediately reported to the data analysis network element.
  • the first report information includes the first indication information
  • the first indication information indicates delay in reporting the first data
  • the first user plane network element collects the first data, if it detects the When an event is triggered, the first data can be reported to the data analysis network element according to the reporting time information. For example, according to the reporting time information requirements, the first user plane network element can wait until the load of the first user plane network element is lighter before reporting the first data to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element provides the first report information to the first user plane network element. Since the first report information includes the first indication information and/or the reporting time information, the first indication The information is used by the first user plane network element to determine whether reporting of the first data can be delayed. This allows the first user plane network element to determine whether reporting of the first data can or cannot be delayed based on instructions from the data analysis network element. When reporting of the first data can be delayed, In the case of a data, the first user plane network element does not need to report the first data to the data analysis network element immediately when it detects that the first event is triggered, but can independently choose to report the first data to the data analysis network element when its load is light.
  • the first data analysis network element reports the first data, thereby reducing the impact of the reported data on the performance of the first user plane network element.
  • the reporting time information is used to instruct the first user plane network element to determine the time to report the first data. This allows the first user plane network element to report the first data based on the reporting time indicated by the data analysis network element, thereby achieving flexibility in data reporting and also reducing the impact of the report data on the performance of the first user plane network element.
  • the first message also includes a first event identifier.
  • the first event identifier is associated with one or more user plane data types.
  • the first data is data corresponding to one or more user plane data types generated by the first user plane network element when detecting that the first event is triggered.
  • the first event is used to describe when the status of a specific object (such as UE, QoS Flow, UPF, Application ID, AoI, S-NSSAI, etc.) on the user plane network element changes.
  • a specific object such as UE, QoS Flow, UPF, Application ID, AoI, S-NSSAI, etc.
  • the first event can be identified by the event ID (Event ID), and each first event can also optionally be equipped with event filter information (Event Filter), event reporting target (Target of Event Reporting), event reporting information (Event Reporting Information), see the above description and will not be repeated here.
  • the (first) user plane network element will record the data corresponding to the QoS flow (QoS Flow) after the QoS flow (QoS Flow) is established, such as QoS Flow bit rate (QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay), number of packet transmission (Number of Packet transmission), number of packet retransmission (Packet retransmission), packet loss rate (Packet loss rate), packet error rate (Packet error rate).
  • QoS Flow bit rate QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay
  • number of packet transmission Number of Packet transmission
  • number of packet retransmission Packet retransmission
  • Packet loss rate packet error rate
  • Packet error rate Packet error rate
  • the first event identifier can be associated with one or more user plane data types.
  • the one or more user plane data types associated with the first event identifier include QoS flow bit rate (QoS flow bit rate). Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay), number of packet transmission (Number of Packet transmission), number of packet retransmission (Packet retransmission), packet loss rate (Packet loss rate), packet error rate (Packet error rate) as an example.
  • QoS flow bit rate QoS flow bit rate
  • Rate QoS flow Packet Delay
  • number of packet transmission Number of Packet transmission
  • Packet retransmission packet loss rate
  • Packet loss rate packet error rate
  • the data analysis network element can provide the second indication information to the first user plane network element.
  • the second instruction information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to request acquisition of data of at least one user plane data type among the one or more user plane data types associated with the first event identifier.
  • the second indication information includes one or more indicators, one indicator is associated with the user plane data type, and the indicator is used to indicate whether the associated user plane type is valid. For example, if the indicator is the first indicator, it means that the user plane data type is valid, that is, data of the user plane data type needs to be provided. If the indicator is the second indicator, it means that the user plane data type is invalid, that is, there is no need to provide data of the user plane data type.
  • the first indicator may be 1 and the second indicator may be 0.
  • the second indication information may be ⁇ 1,1,0,1,0 ⁇ , which indicates that the NWDAF network element wants the first user plane to be networked. Yuan provides data of user plane data types such as QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay and Packet loss rate.
  • the data analysis network element may determine the second event identifier based on one or more user plane data types identified by the first event identifier, and the user plane data type associated with the second event identifier is one or more user plane data types identified by the first event identifier. Some user plane data types in user plane data types.
  • the second indication information may be a second event identification.
  • the user plane type associated with the second event identifier may include user plane data types such as QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, and Packet loss rate.
  • the first message also includes second indication information.
  • the second instruction information is used to instruct the data analysis network element to request acquisition of data of at least one user plane data type among the one or more user plane data types associated with the first event identifier.
  • the first user plane network element reports the first data to the first user plane network element according to the first report information, including: the first user plane network element obtains at least one user plane data according to the second instruction information. data type, and report data of at least one user plane data type to the data analysis network element according to the first reporting information.
  • the data analysis network element receives the first data from the first user plane network element, including: the data analysis network element receives data of at least one user plane data type provided from the first user plane network element.
  • the first report information includes one or more of the following information: third indication information, used to indicate the first user plane network element when the load of the first user plane network element is lower than
  • third indication information used to indicate the first user plane network element when the load of the first user plane network element is lower than
  • the threshold is preset
  • the first data is reported to the data analysis network element.
  • the first load threshold is used by the first user plane network element to determine to report the first data to the data analysis network element when the load of the first user plane network element is lower than the first load threshold.
  • the main function of the first user plane network element is to forward user plane data (messages), when the network is congested or there is a lot of data to be forwarded, the load on the first user plane network element will be heavy and it may not be able to Complete the task of data collection and reporting, so by instructing the first user plane network element to report the first data again when the load meets the requirements (for example, lower than the preset threshold, or the first load threshold), data reporting can be reduced Impact on the performance of the first user plane network element.
  • the requirements for example, lower than the preset threshold, or the first load threshold
  • the reporting time information includes first start time information and first end time information.
  • the first start time information is used by the first user plane network element to determine whether to report the first data to the data analysis network element.
  • the start time and the first end time information are used by the first user plane network element to determine the first end time of reporting data to the data analysis network element; or the reporting time information includes deadline time information, and the deadline time information is used to indicate the data analysis network element.
  • the time information is used by the first user plane network element to determine the start time of reporting the first data to the data analysis network element, and the time length information is used by the first user plane network element to determine the time length of reporting the data to the data analysis network element; or, report
  • the time information includes time window information, and the time window information is used by the first user plane network element to determine the third start time and the second end time of reporting data to the data analysis network element.
  • the first start time information and the first end time information may indicate a time window.
  • the time window may also be called a time period.
  • the time period may be a continuous time period or a non-continuous time period. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the first start time information and time length information can indicate a time window, which can also be called a time period.
  • the time period can be a continuous time period or a non-continuous time period. This application The embodiment does not limit this.
  • the load of the first user plane network element within the time window determined by the first start time information and the first end time information is lower than the preset load threshold.
  • the data analysis network element can provide prediction analysis results of network element load, the data analysis network element can learn the time period when the load of the first user plane network element is lighter based on the predicted load of the first user plane network element, and The start time information of the lighter load time period is used as the first start time information, and the length of the lighter load time period is used as the first end time information and provided to the first user plane network element or data analysis network element.
  • the time period in which the load of the first user plane network element is light may also be obtained from the first user plane network element or other network elements.
  • the reporting time information is used to indicate that the first user plane network element completes the reporting of the first data within the time window determined by the first starting time information and the first ending time information. It can also be understood as reporting the completion of the first data.
  • Scenario 1 Obtain data of a specific terminal (such as the first terminal) from the first user plane network element.
  • the data analysis network element needs to obtain data of a specific terminal (such as the first terminal). ) data, the first message also includes the information of the first terminal, and accordingly, the first message is used to request the first data corresponding to the first terminal. Or the data analysis network element provides the first terminal information to the first user plane network element in other messages except the first message.
  • the information of the first terminal is used to identify the first terminal, and the information of the first terminal may be the identification of the first terminal, such as SUPI.
  • the first data provided by the first user plane network element to the data analysis network element includes the first terminal's data including the first event.
  • Scenario 2 Obtain the data of the area of interest from the first user plane network element.
  • the first message may also include AoI information or slice information or specific application information. Used to instruct the first user plane network element to provide data of the target terminal to the data analysis network element.
  • the target terminal is all terminals located in the service area indicated by the AoI information or all terminals using the slice indicated by the slice information, or all terminals accessing the specific application.
  • the first data provided by the first user plane network element to the data analysis network element includes the first event identifier in the data of the target terminal.
  • Data associated with one or more user plane data types if the first message includes the first event identifier, the first data provided by the first user plane network element to the data analysis network element includes the first event identifier in the data of the target terminal.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of this application also includes: the data analysis network element sends a second message to the first user plane network element, and accordingly, the first user plane network element receives the message from Second message from the data analysis network element.
  • the second message includes the first event identifier and the information of the second terminal.
  • the second message is used to request the second data corresponding to the second terminal.
  • the second data is the detection of the first user plane network element corresponding to the second terminal.
  • the data generated when the first event is triggered.
  • the data analysis network element receives second data corresponding to the second terminal from the first user plane network element.
  • the second message includes the first event report information.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of this application further includes: the first user plane network element reports the first event report information to the data analysis network element.
  • the first response is sent.
  • the data analysis network element receives the first response sent from the first user plane network element.
  • the first response includes the first data corresponding to the first terminal and the second data corresponding to the second terminal.
  • Figure 6 shows another communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the method includes:
  • Step 601 The consumer network element sends a data analysis request to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element obtains the data analysis request from the consumer network element.
  • the data analysis request includes a first analysis identifier.
  • the data analysis request is used to request analysis results or machine learning models corresponding to the first analysis identifier.
  • the consumer network element may send a data analysis request to the data analysis network element, where the data analysis request includes a first analysis identifier (Analytics ID).
  • the data analysis request is used to request analysis results (analytics) or machine learning model (ML model, Machine Learning model) corresponding to the first analysis identifier.
  • the consumer network element may subscribe to the data analysis network element for the analysis result or machine learning model corresponding to the first analysis identifier in a subscription manner.
  • the data analysis request can be the Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe or Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request Request service operation that subscribes/requests the analysis results.
  • the data analysis request is the Nnwdaf_MLModelProvisioning_Subscribe or Nnwdaf_MLModelInfo_Request Request service operation sent by the consumer network element to the data analysis network element for subscribing/requesting the machine learning model.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • the above data analysis request can also carry: one or more of analysis filtering information, analysis report object information, and analysis report information:
  • -Analytics Filter information used to indicate the scope of analysis results generated by NWDAF network elements, such as area of interest (AoI), application ID (Application ID), slice ID (for example, single network slice selection assistance) Information (Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information, S-NSSAI)).
  • Area of interest AoI
  • application ID Application ID
  • slice ID for example, single network slice selection assistance
  • S-NSSAI Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information
  • Analytics Filter S-NSSAI means that NWDAF needs to obtain data in a specific slice, and the analysis results are only applicable to this slice.
  • -Target of Analytics Reporting information an object used to instruct NWDAF network elements to generate analysis results, such as UE ID for a single terminal, UE Group ID (Internal group ID, internal Group ID) is for a terminal group, and Any UE is for any terminal (within an area or within a slice).
  • UE ID means that the NWDAF network element needs to collect the data of the specific terminal identified by the UE ID, and the analysis results are only applicable to this terminal.
  • Target of ML Model Reporting Any UE, which means that the NWDAF network element needs to collect the data of all terminals within the range limited by the ML Model Filter, and the trained ML model is also applicable to all terminals within this range.
  • -Analytics Reporting information A method used to instruct NWDAF network elements to report analysis results, such as periodic reporting of instruction information, periodic information, etc.
  • Nnwdaf_MLModelProvisioning_Subscribe or Nnwdaf_MLModelInfo_Request Request service operation can also carry the following information:
  • ML Model Filter used to indicate the scope of machine learning model information generated by NWDAF, such as area AoI, application identification Application ID, and slice identification S-NSSAI;
  • -Machine learning model reporting object an object used to instruct NWDAF to generate machine learning model information, such as UE ID for a single terminal, UE Group ID (Internal group ID, internal group identification) for a terminal group Group, Any UE targets any terminal (in the area or within the slice);
  • ML Model Reporting A method used to instruct NWDAF to report machine learning model information, such as periodic reporting instructions, periodic information, etc.
  • Step 602 The data analysis network element obtains the first event identifier based on the first analysis identifier.
  • the data analysis network element after receiving the data analysis request in step 601, the data analysis network element explicitly generates the analysis results corresponding to the first analysis identifier or the machine learning model requires data corresponding to one or more user plane data types on the user plane network element. , In order to obtain these data, the data analysis network element first determines the first event identifier corresponding to one or more user plane data types.
  • Step 603 The data analysis network element obtains information from the first network element about one or more user plane network elements that support the first event identifier according to the first event identifier.
  • the one or more user plane network elements include a first user plane network element.
  • the first network element at least contains relevant information of one or more user plane network elements that support the first event identifier.
  • step 602 The following will describe the specific implementation of step 602 through three implementation methods:
  • the data analysis network element has the associated information of each analysis identification and event identification in one or more analysis identifications.
  • the above step 602 can be implemented in the following manner: Data analysis The network element determines the event identifier associated with the first analysis identifier as the first event identifier according to the association information, and the one or more analysis identifiers include the first analysis identifier.
  • the data analysis network element can define an event ID (Event ID) for each analysis ID (Analytics ID) that requires UPF data, that is, there is a one-to-one relationship between Event ID and Analytics ID, where, Each Event ID corresponds to a set of user plane data types (usually including one or more user plane data types), that is, one Event ID corresponds to one or more user plane data types.
  • Event ID corresponds to a set of user plane data types (usually including one or more user plane data types), that is, one Event ID corresponds to one or more user plane data types.
  • This embodiment of the present application does not provide a complete definition of which specific user plane data types are included in the user plane data type set.
  • the user plane data type in the embodiment of this application may also be called the UPF data type.
  • the data analysis network element needs to collect service experience-related data from the AF network element and collect data from the core network element (AMF network element/SMF Network element/UPF network element) collects QoS flow-level network data and collects UE-level QoS-related data from OAM network elements, which includes data that needs to be collected from UPF network elements, as shown in Table 3:
  • the set of data types that need to be collected from UPF network elements corresponding to this Event ID include QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission, but the set of data types corresponding to the Event ID is not limited to the above four data types, and can also include other data types, such as packet loss rate (Packet loss rate) , Packet error rate (Packet error rate), etc.
  • the specific data types required are determined by the algorithm and feature selection during the model training process.
  • the UPF data type corresponding to each Event ID cannot be defined in detail and completely.
  • the NWDAF network element needs to collect the terminal's session-related data from the SMF network element/AF network element, collect the terminal's location information from the AMF network element, and collect the terminal's location information from the AMF network element.
  • the connection status and other data, as well as the terminal communication data collected from the UPF network element, are shown in Table 4:
  • the corresponding Event ID needs to be collected from the UPF network element.
  • the set of user plane data types includes but is not limited to Communication start time, Communication stop time, UL data rate, DL data rate, Traffic volume.
  • the above step 602 can be implemented in the following manner: the data analysis network element determines the first analysis identifier as the first event identifier.
  • Method two that is, there is no need to define the Event ID of the UPF network element, and directly replace the Event ID of the UPF network element with the Analytics ID that requires UPF data. That is, when the subsequent NWDAF network element requests data from the first user plane network element, the Event ID carried is the Analytics ID.
  • Analytics ID Service Experience
  • the NWDAF network element determines that it needs to request QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission and other information from the first user plane network element (similar to method 1, but not limited to these Information may also include Packet loss rate, Packet error rate and other information (the specific information contained shall be determined by NWDAF).
  • the NWDAF network element directly carries the Analytics ID in the subscription message sent to the first user plane network element, then the first user
  • the surface network element can understand that it is necessary to collect relevant UPF data corresponding to the Analytics ID (assuming that NWDAF determines that the first user plane network element is the user plane network element that can provide all UPF data types required by NWDAF).
  • the data analysis network element has the associated information of each data granularity and the event identifier in one or more data granularities.
  • the above step 602 can be implemented in the following manner: Data analysis network element Determine that the data collected from the user plane network element is the first data granularity according to the first analysis identifier;
  • the data analysis network element determines the event identifier associated with the first data granularity in the correlation information as the first event identifier, and the first data granularity belongs to one or more data granularities.
  • Event ID can be defined according to different granularities of UPF collection data. Since the data collected by NWDAF network elements from UPF network elements can be divided into different granularities, such as network element granularity (NF level), UE granularity (UE level), PDU session granularity (PDU Session Level) and QoS flow granularity (QoS flow level) etc.
  • NF level network element granularity
  • UE level UE granularity
  • PDU Session Level PDU session granularity
  • QoS flow granularity QoS flow granularity
  • the specific data type contained in each Event ID is not limited, that is, the set of data types corresponding to each Event ID can be expanded.
  • each Event ID may contain UPF data types corresponding to multiple Analytics IDs.
  • each Analytics ID may contain UPF data types of different granularities
  • the Analytics ID needs to be mapped to the corresponding one or more Event IDs (it can be seen that the Analytics ID and Event ID are in a many-to-many relationship).
  • Analytics ID Displayed
  • the second indication information indicates the specific data type in the Event ID that needs to be obtained. As shown in Table 5.
  • the above step 603 can be implemented in the following manner: the data analysis network element sends a second message to the first network element, and accordingly, the first network element receives the second message from the data analysis network element. information.
  • the second message carries the first event identifier, and the second message is used to request the first network element to provide information on user plane network elements that support the first event identifier.
  • the first network element determines, according to the second message, information of one or more user plane network elements that support the first event identifier.
  • the first network element provides the information of one or more user plane network elements to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element receives the information of one or more user plane network elements from the first network element.
  • the first network element may be an SMF network element as shown in Figure 2, or an NRF network element or a UDM network element as shown in Figure 3.
  • the first network element is a UDM network element or an SMF network element
  • the data analysis network element requests the UDM network element or SMF network element to query the information of the user plane network element that supports the first event identifier
  • it can also Carrying the identification of the first terminal facilitates the SMF network element or the UDM network element to determine whether it has relevant information of the first user plane network element that provides services for the first terminal.
  • the SMF network element or the UDM network element determines that it has the relevant information of the first user plane network element, it means that the first user plane network element has registered the relevant information of the first user plane network element to the SMF network element or the UDM network. element, at this time, the SMF network element or the UDM network element can determine whether one or more event identifiers supported by the first user plane network element include the first event identifier. In the case where one or more event identifiers supported by the first user plane network element include the first event identifier, the SMF network element or the UDM network element may use the information of the first user plane network element or the first user plane network element to The relevant information is provided to the data analysis network element.
  • the A network element may request the first user plane network element to provide relevant information of the first user plane network element to the first network element.
  • the first event identifier is not included in one or more event identifiers supported by the first user plane network element, or the user plane data type associated with the one or more event identifiers only includes part of the user plane data types in the first event identifier.
  • the SMF network element or UDM network element can determine that there is no first user plane network element that supports the first event identifier. At this time, the SMF network element or UDM network element can feed back the query result to the data analysis network element, that is, indicating that no Having a first user plane network element supporting the first event identifier.
  • the SMF network element or the UDM network element can re-select a user plane network element (for example, the third user plane network element) that supports the first event identifier for the first terminal, and then transfer the information of the third user plane network element or the third user plane network element to the first terminal. Relevant information about user plane network elements is provided to data analysis network elements.
  • a user plane network element for example, the third user plane network element
  • Relevant information about user plane network elements is provided to data analysis network elements.
  • NWDAF sends a second message to the NRF network element through the Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request service operation, or the second message is the Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request service operation, to discover a UPF that can provide the required data.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application may further include before step 601: the user plane network element registers the relevant information of the user plane network element into the first network element. Specifically: the user plane network element sends a sixth message carrying relevant information of the user plane network element to the first network element.
  • the first network element is an SMF network element or a UDM network element serving the first terminal
  • the The six messages may also carry identification information of the first terminal, which is not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the first user plane network element can provide data for a single terminal (such as the first terminal).
  • the data of the first terminal is data of one or more user plane data types associated with the first event identifier.
  • the relevant information of the user plane network element may include one or more event identifiers supported by the user plane network element.
  • the relevant information about the user plane network element may also include one or more of the following information: information about the service area served by the user plane network element, slice information, or network element type.
  • the network element type of a user plane network element is the user plane network element.
  • the user plane network element can register the relevant information of the user plane network element into the first network element based on the trigger of the first network element, or the user plane network element can actively register the user plane network element with the first network element.
  • the relevant information of the network element is registered in the first network element, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application may also include:
  • Step 604 The data analysis network element obtains the first data from the first user plane network element.
  • the data analysis network element sends a request/subscription message including the first event identifier to the first user plane network element.
  • the request/subscription message is used to request the first user plane network element to provide data of at least one user plane data type associated with the first event identifier.
  • Step 605 The data analysis network element obtains analysis results or ML models based on the first data.
  • the data analysis network element obtains the analysis result based on the first data (such as determining the analysis result based on the first data and ML model inference) or the ML model (such as training the ML model based on the first data), please refer to the description in the prior art. , which will not be described again here.
  • Step 606 The data analysis network element provides analysis results or ML models to the consumer network element.
  • the data analysis network element provides the analysis results to the consumer network element. Assuming that the consumer network element requests an ML model from the data analysis network element in step 601, the data analysis network element provides the ML model to the consumer network element.
  • the following takes the user plane network element as the UPF network element, the data analysis network element as the NWDAF network element, and the first network element as the NRF network element as an example to describe a data reporting method provided by the embodiment of the present application from the following two stages. specific embodiments.
  • Registration phase that is, the process in which the UPF network element registers the relevant information of the UPF network element with the NRF network element, including the following steps 701 and 702.
  • Step 701. The UPF network element sends the first service operation to the NRF network element.
  • the NRF network element receives the first service operation from the UPF network element.
  • the first service operation carries UPF related information.
  • the first service operation is used to request to register relevant information of the UPF in the NRF network element.
  • the first service operation may also carry indication information, and the indication information is used to indicate information related to registering the UPF in the NRF network element.
  • Event ID 1 (QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission)
  • the UPF related information also includes one or more of the following information: network element type (NF type), network element instance identification (NF instance ID), network element address, and network element service area information. (Serving Area information).
  • NF type network element type
  • NF instance ID network element instance identification
  • NF instance address network element address
  • network element service area information network element service area information.
  • Network element instance identifier used to identify a specific network element instance.
  • the address of a network element can be a fully qualified domain name (Fully Qualified Domain Name, FQDN) or an IP address.
  • the service area information of the network element can be a geographical area, such as one or more TA/cell IDs, or a network area, such as one or more S-NSSAI/data network names (DNN) /Application ID (App ID) composition.
  • the first service operation may be the Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister Request service operation.
  • the UPF network element can start executing step 701 under the trigger of the NRF network element, or the UPF network element actively registers the relevant information of the UPF network element into the NRF network element.
  • This application implements This example does not limit this.
  • step 702 may also be included after step 701: the NRF network element sends a response message to the UPF network element, and accordingly, the UPF network element receives the response message from the NRF network element.
  • the response message is used to indicate the success/failure of UPF network element related information registration.
  • the above response message may be the Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister Response service operation.
  • the Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister Response service operation can carry a result indication (Result indication) to indicate the success/failure of the relevant registration of the network element.
  • the NRF network element does not need to send a response message to the UPF network element. If the registration of the relevant information of the network element fails, the NRF network element can send a response message to the UPF network element. Send a response message. At this time, the response message may carry a result indication indicating that the registration failed. In this way, the UPF network element can know that the registration failed if it receives the response message.
  • the NRF network element can also provide the UPF network element with the reason for the registration failure.
  • the above first service operation may also carry a registration indication, which is used to instruct the NRF network element to provide an indication of registration success/failure to the UPF network element.
  • the registration indication is used to indicate that in the case of registration failure, a result indication indicating the registration failure is provided to the UPF network element.
  • the registration indication is used to indicate that in the case of successful registration, a result indication of successful registration is provided to the UPF network element.
  • the registration indication is used to indicate that in the case of successful registration, there is no need to reply with a response message, but in the case of failed registration, a response message is replied.
  • the UPF network element if a response message is received, it can be confirmed that the UPF related information has failed to be registered. If a response message is not received, it can be confirmed that the registration was successful. Or the registration indication is used to indicate that there is no need to reply with a response message in the case of registration failure, but to reply with a response message in the case of successful registration. In this way, for the UPF network element, if a response message is received, it can be confirmed that the relevant information of the UPF has been successfully registered. If a response message is not received, the registration failure can be confirmed.
  • the above description takes the registration instruction carried in the first service operation as an example.
  • the registration instruction may also be carried in messages other than the first service operation. This is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the UPF network element can also negotiate with the NRF network element whether to feed back a response message.
  • the NRF network element is configured with a response mechanism. For example, if the registration is successful, a response message will be fed back, but if the registration fails, no response message will be fed back. Or a response message will be fed back if the registration fails, but no response message will be fed back if the registration is successful, or a response message will be fed back regardless of whether the registration is successful or failed, but the response message has different functions in different situations.
  • any UPF network element can register the relevant information of the UPF network element with the NRF network element through the above step 701, and then the NRF network element can have the relevant information of one or more UPF network elements.
  • the NRF network element can store the relevant information of one or more UPF network elements in other network elements (for example, UDM network elements).
  • the subsequent NRF network element can obtain one or more UPF network elements that meet the search conditions of the NWDAF network element from the UDM network element. Information.
  • Data acquisition stage for example, steps 703 to 713.
  • Step 703 The consumer network element sends a second service operation (corresponding to the data analysis request in step 601 above) to the data analysis network element.
  • the data analysis network element receives the second service operation from the consumer network element.
  • the second service operation carries the first analysis identification (Analytics ID), and the second service operation is used to request to obtain the analysis results or machine learning model corresponding to the first analysis identification.
  • the second service operation may be an Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe or Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request Request service operation sent by the consumer network element to the NWDAF network element for subscribing/requesting analysis results.
  • the second service operation is the Nnwdaf_MLModelProvisioning_Subscribe or Nnwdaf_MLModelInfo_Request Request service operation sent by the consumer network element to the NWDAF network element for subscribing/requesting the machine learning model.
  • other information carried by the second service operation may refer to the information carried by the data analysis request in the above embodiment, which will not be described again here.
  • Target of Analytics Reporting/Target of ML Model Reporting Any UE.
  • Step 704 The NWDAF network element determines that data needs to be collected from the UPF network element based on the first analysis identifier, and then the NWDAF network element obtains the first event identifier based on the first analysis identifier.
  • Step 705 The NWDAF network element sends a third service operation to the NRF network element.
  • the NRF network element receives the third service operation from the NWDAF network element.
  • the third service operation carries search conditions.
  • the search conditions may include the first event identifier.
  • the third service operation is used to request the NRF network element to provide information about the user plane network element that supports the first event identification.
  • the third service operation carries indication information a, which is used to instruct the NRF network element to provide information about the user plane network element that supports the first event identifier.
  • the third service operation may be the Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request service operation.
  • Step 706 The NRF network element determines the information of one or more UPF network elements that meet the search conditions of the NWDAF network element according to the third service operation.
  • NWDAF provides the first event identifier as a search condition.
  • the first event identifier may include one or more different Event IDs, such as (Event ID 1, Event ID 2), then the NRF network element needs According to the supported Event ID information in the registration information of the UPF network element, find the UPF network element whose supported Event ID can include Event ID 1 and Event ID 2, for example, UPF network element 1 and UPF network element 2.
  • NWDAF provides AoI information as a search condition.
  • the AoI information indicates the following areas: (cell1, cell2, cell3).
  • the NRF network element needs to find out what the service area can cover based on the service area information in the UPF registration information.
  • (cell 1, cell2, cell3) UPF network elements such as UPF network element 1 and UPF network element 3.
  • the information of one or more UPF network elements found by the NRF network element that meets the NWDAF search conditions is the information of UPF network element 1 .
  • Step 707 The NRF network element sends the fourth service operation to the NWDAF network element.
  • the NWDAF network element receives the fourth service operation from the NRF network element.
  • the fourth service operation is used for the NWDAF network element to determine the information of the user plane network element that can support the first event identification.
  • the fourth service operation carries information of one or more user plane network elements that meet the search conditions of NWDAF network elements.
  • the information of the user plane network element may be the ID and/or IP address of the user plane network element.
  • the fourth service operation can carry relevant information of all UPF network elements registered at the NRF network element.
  • the NWDAF network element Information about one or more user plane network elements that support the first event identifier can be obtained therefrom.
  • the UPF network element related information provided by the NRF network element includes UPF network element 1 related information to UPF network element 7 related information, among which, UPF network element 1 related information, UPF network element 3 related information and UPF network element related information
  • the relevant information of network element 4 includes the first event identifier, but the relevant information of other UPF network elements does not include the first event identifier.
  • the NWDAF network element can determine UPF network element 1, UPF network element 3, and UPF network element 4.
  • the first event identifier is supported, that is, the data type of the user plane data indicated by the first event identifier can be provided.
  • the NRF network element can provide the NWDAF network element with relevant information of all UPF network elements.
  • the third service operation does not carry the first event identifier and only carries AoI information
  • the NRF network element can provide the NWDAF network element with one or more UPFs that can cover the service area indicated by the AoI information.
  • Network element related information In this way, the NWDAF network element can, based on the first event identifier, find out a group of UPF networks that support the first event identifier from the relevant information of one or more UPF network elements that can cover the service area indicated by the AoI information. Yuan information.
  • the third service operation may also carry an instruction for instructing the NRF network element to report relevant information of the UPF network element.
  • the NRF network element defaults to providing the NWDAF network element with the relevant information of one or more UPF network elements that meet the search conditions during the process of the NWDAF network element requesting the information of the UPF network element.
  • the third service operation may also carry instructions to provide the UPF network to the NWDAF network element. Yuan related information. This is because the service area of the UPF network element that supports the first event identification may not include the service area required by the consumer network element. Or the network element that supports the first event identifier may not be a UPF network element. Therefore, by providing the relevant information of the UPF network element to the NWDAF network element, it is easier for the NWDAF network element to select the first UPF network element that better meets the needs of consumer network elements. .
  • the NRF network element can also provide other information in the relevant information of each UPF network element in addition to the information of the UPF network element.
  • the NRF network element can search according to the search conditions provided by the NWDAF network element.
  • the NRF network element can provide the NWDAF network element with the information of the UPF network element that meets all search conditions.
  • it can also further provide the relevant information of the UPF network element.
  • Step 708 The NWDAF network element selects the first UPF network element from the information of one or more UPF network elements that meet the search conditions provided by the NRF network element.
  • the information of the UPF network element that supports the first event identifier provided by the NRF network element to the NWDAF network element includes the information of UPF network element 1, the information of UPF network element 2, and the information of UPF network element 3, but the UPF network element
  • the service area of 1 is Cell 1 to Cell 3, while the service area of UPF network element 2 is Cell 4 to Cell 6, and the service area of UPF network element 3 is Cell 3 to Cell 5.
  • the user plane required by the consumer network element is The data is the data of at least two cells among cell 1 to cell 3, then the NWDAF network element can determine that the first UPF network element is UPF network element 1.
  • UPF network element 1 corresponds to slice 1 and slice 2
  • UPF network element 2 corresponds to slice 3 and slice 4
  • the data required by the consumer network element is the data for the terminal to access slice 1 and slice 2
  • the NWDAF network element It can be determined that the first UPF network element is UPF network element 1. In this way, the selected first UPF network element can provide data that meets the needs of the consumer network element.
  • the NWDAF network element Any UPF network element can be selected as the first UPF network element from all UPF network elements, or the NWDAF network element can also select one UPF network element as the first UPF network element based on the load condition of each UPF network element. For example, after obtaining the information of all UPF network elements, the NWDAF network element can request the load of each UPF network element from each UPF network element, and then select the UPF network element whose load is lower than the preset load threshold as the first UPF network element. Yuan.
  • Step 709 The NWDAF network element sends the fifth service operation to the first UPF network element.
  • the first UPF network element receives the fifth service operation from the NWDAF network element.
  • the fifth service operation may carry the first event identifier.
  • the fifth service operation is used to request/subscribe data of one or more data types indicated by the first event identifier from the first UPF network element.
  • the fifth service operation may be the Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe service operation.
  • Event Filter Event Filter
  • Event Filter AoI or S-NSSAI.
  • AoI indicates cell 1 and cell 2
  • the data type set of the first event identifier is (QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission, Packet loss rate, Packet error rate)
  • the first UPF network The element can provide the NWDAF network element with QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission, Packet loss rate, Packet error rate and other data in Cell 1 and Cell 2.
  • the event filtering information may also include time period information, used to instruct the first UPF network element to provide relevant data within the time period indicated by the time period information.
  • the event filtering information provided by the NWDAF network element to the first UPF network element can be determined by the AoI information or S-NSSAI provided by the consumer network element.
  • the event filtering information provided by the NWDAF network element to the first UPF network element is AoI information or S-NSSAI provided by the consumer network element, or including AoI information or S-NSSAI provided by the consumer network element.
  • Event Filter also contains "list of event subsets that are requested", which is used to indicate the subset of the user plane data type set identified by the first event identifier to be obtained.
  • the set of user plane data types identified by the first event identifier is (QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission, Packet loss rate, Packet error rate), "list of event subsets that are requested"
  • the value is [1,1,1,1,0,0], indicating that NWDAF only wants to obtain (QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission, Packet retransmission) data. In this way, for the first UPF network element, there is no need to report Packet loss rate and Packet error rate data to the NWDAF network element.
  • the NWDAF network element may only want to obtain data of some data types and does not want to collect data of all data types.
  • the fifth service operation can carry all data types associated with the first event identifier. Some data types, for example, only carry QoS flow Bit Rate, QoS flow Packet Delay, Packet transmission and other data types.
  • the fifth service operation can also carry event reporting information (Event Reporting Information).
  • Event Reporting Information includes: at least one of indicator and/or reporting time information.
  • the indicator is used to indicate that the first UPF network element can delay or cannot delay reporting data to the NWDAF.
  • the reporting time information is used to indicate the time condition of UPF data reporting, including four methods.
  • NWDAF provides Event Reporting start time, Event Reporting end time information.
  • Event Reporting start time is used to indicate the first start time of the data report
  • Event Reporting end time is used to indicate the first end time of the data report.
  • a UPF network element can send data to NWDAF within the first time period indicated by Event Reporting start time and Event Reporting end time. It is worth mentioning that when the Indicator is missing, if the Event Reporting start time and Event Reporting end time are the same, that is, the two time intervals are 0, the Event Reporting start time and Event Reporting end time information is used to indicate that the first UPF network element has no Delay or directly report data to NWDAF.
  • the NWDAF network element provides deadline information to the first UPF network element, where the deadline information is used to instruct the first UPF network element to report data to the NWDAF network element before the time indicated by the deadline information.
  • the deadline information is used to instruct the first UPF network element to report data to the NWDAF network element when it determines that its load is light (for example, lower than a load threshold set for the first UPF network element). This is because the main function of the UPF network element is to forward user plane datagrams. When the network is congested, more data needs to be forwarded, which will cause the UPF network element to be heavily loaded and may not be able to complete the tasks of data collection and reporting).
  • NWDAF can also provide NF Load Threshold, or NF Load Threshold is configured on the first UPF network element. It is worth noting that when the Indicator is missing, if the Deadline is 0, the Deadline is used to indicate that the first UPF network element has no delay or directly reports data to the NWDAF network element.
  • NF Load Threshold is used to assist the first UPF network element in judging that the load of the first UPF network element is less than the NF Load Threshold and report data.
  • Deadline is used to indicate the deadline (latest time) for the first UPF network element to report data to the NWDAF network element. If the load of the first UPF network element before the deadline has been greater than or equal to the NF Load Threshold or greater than the setting for the first UPF network element load threshold, the first UPF network element should also report the data to the NWDAF network element before the deadline.
  • NWDAF provides Event Reporting start time, Event Reporting duration information.
  • Event Reporting start time is used to indicate the second start time of data reporting
  • Event Reporting duration is used to indicate the time length of data reporting.
  • the first UPF network element Data can be sent to NWDAF within the second time period indicated by Event Reporting start time and Event Reporting duration.
  • NWDAF can provide prediction analysis results of network element load
  • the first time period indicated by Event Reporting start time and Event Reporting duration can be a time period when the load of the first UPF network element predicted by NWDAF is lighter. It is worth mentioning that when the Indicator is missing, if the Event Reporting duration is 0, the Event Reporting duration is used to indicate that the first UPF network element has no delay or directly reports data to NWDAF.
  • NWDAF provides time window (reporting time window) information.
  • the time window information is used to indicate the third start time and the second end time of data reporting.
  • the first UPF network element can be in the third time indicated by the reporting time window. Send the data to NWDAF within the time period. It is worth noting that when the Indicator is missing, if the reporting time window is 0, that is, the third time period is 0, the reporting time window information is used to indicate that the first UPF network element has no delay or directly reports data to NWDAF.
  • step 709 can be understood as the first message in the claims, and the event report information can be understood as the first report information in the claims.
  • Step 710 The first UPF network element collects data based on the Event ID, Event Filter and Target of Event Reporting provided by NWDAF.
  • Step 711 The first UPF network element sends the collected data to the NWDAF network element through the sixth service operation.
  • the NWDAF network element receives the sixth service operation from the first UPF network element to obtain the data collected by the first UPF network element. The data.
  • the method provided by the embodiment of the present application may also include: the first UPF network element determines to send data to the NWDAF network element based on the Event Reporting Information. time (i.e. data sending time).
  • the above step 711 can be implemented in the following manner: the first UPF network element sends the collected data to the NWDAF network element through the sixth service operation at the determined data sending time.
  • the first UPF network element determines The data sending time is the time period when the load of the first UPF network element is lower than the NF Load Threshold. If the Event Reporting Information is Deadline, then the time before the first UPF network element determines the deadline is the data sending time, or the first UPF network element determines the deadline is the data sending time.
  • the sixth service operation may be the Nupf_EventExposure_Notify service operation.
  • Step 712 The NWDAF network element derives the analysis results or trains the ML model based on the collected data.
  • the NWDAF network element will derive the analysis results based on the collected data. If what the consumer network element needs is to train an ML model, the NWDAF network element trains the ML model based on the collected data.
  • Step 713 The NWDAF network element sends the analysis results or trains the ML model to the consumer network element.
  • the consumer network element receives the analysis results or trains the ML model from the NWDAF network element.
  • the NWDAF network element sends analysis results to consumer NF through the Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify or Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request Response service operation.
  • the NWDAF network element sends the ML model (or the address of the ML model file) to the consumer NF through the Nnwdaf_MLModelProvisioning_Notify or Nnwdaf_MLModelInfo_Request Response service operation.
  • the consumer network element can also subscribe to the NWDAF network element for the ML model or data analysis results of a specific terminal (for example, the first terminal shown in Figure 8).
  • a specific terminal for example, the first terminal shown in Figure 8.
  • Another data reporting method provided by the embodiment of this application includes:
  • Step 801 The UPF network element sends an N4 message to the SMF network element.
  • the SMF network element receives the N4 message from the UPF network element.
  • the N4 message carries relevant information of the UPF and the identity of the first terminal.
  • the first terminal is the terminal served by the UPF network element.
  • the UPF network element sends the N4 message to the SMF network element serving the first terminal.
  • the UPF network element can send the N4 message to the SMF network element based on the trigger of the SMF network element.
  • the SMF network element or the first terminal triggers the UPF network element to send the N4 message to the SMF network element.
  • Step 802 The SMF network element configures the relevant information of the UPF network element at the SMF network element.
  • Step 803 is the same as step 703 and will not be described again here.
  • step 803 the Target of Analytics Reporting/Target of ML Model Reporting sent by the consumer network element to the NWDAF network element is the identification of the first terminal.
  • the identifier of the first terminal may be SUPI. This facilitates the NWDAF network element to determine that what the consumer network element is requesting is the ML model or data analysis result of the first terminal.
  • Target of Analytics Reporting/Target of ML Model Reporting identification of the first terminal.
  • Step 804 The NWDAF network element determines the information of the SMF network element serving the first terminal according to the identifier of the first terminal.
  • the NWDAF network element can determine the UDM network element serving the first terminal according to the identifier of the first terminal, because the UDM network element can store network elements serving one or more terminals (for example, SMF network elements or AMF network elements). element or UPF network element), so the NWDAF network element can determine the information of the SMF network element serving the first terminal from the UDM network element.
  • the information of SMF network elements is used to identify SMF network elements, such as SMF network
  • the element information may be the identification or address information (for example, IP address) of the SMF network element.
  • Step 805 The NWDAF network element sends a subscription message to the SMF network element that provides services for the first terminal.
  • the SMF network element receives the subscription message from the NWDAF network element.
  • the subscription message is used to retrieve information about the UPF network element serving the first terminal (that is, serving UPF).
  • the subscription message also carries the relevant Event ID (i.e., the first event identifier) of the data collected from the UPF network element, which is used to assist the SMF network element in determining whether the UPF network element that provides services for the first terminal can provide the required data. (That is, data of the user plane data type indicated by the first event identifier).
  • Step 806 The SMF network element matches the NWDAF network element with the information of the UPF network element that meets the requirements according to the identification of the first terminal.
  • the SMF network element needs to obtain the information from the SMF network element.
  • the NRF network element retrieves the Event ID supported by the serving UPF network element to match the UPF network element. Or the SMF network element requests the serving UPF network element to provide relevant information of the serving UPF network element.
  • the SMF network element determines that the UPF network element is matched successfully, and the SMF network element will The network element information is sent to the NWDAF network element through the following step 807.
  • the SMF network element If the SMF network element discovers that the Event ID supported by the serving UPF network element that provides services for the first terminal cannot fully include the first Event ID required by the NWDAF network element carried in the subscription message to collect data from the UPF network element, the SMF network element It is determined that UPF network element matching fails. At this time, the SMF network element can send a notification message carrying a failure indication to the NWDAF network element, so that the NWDAF network element determines that the UPF network element that supports the first Event ID has not been queried based on the failure indication; or, the SMF network element is selected for the first terminal.
  • a new serving UPF that can meet the requirements of NWDAF network element data collection, that is, the Event ID supported by the new serving UPF includes the first Event ID.
  • the SMF network element will redirect the terminal's PDU session to the new serving UPF (ie, UPF relocation). After the redirection is completed, the SMF network element will send the new serving UPF to the NWDAF network element through the following step 808.
  • Step 807 The SMF network element sends the information of the serving UPF network element (such as UPF ID, UPF address, etc.) that can provide the data required by the NWDAF network element to the NWDAF network element.
  • the NWDAF network element receives data from the serving UPF network element.
  • the information of the serving UPF network element in step 807 is the serving UPF network that provides services for the first terminal. Yuan information. If the SMF network element determines from the local configuration that the Event ID supported by the serving UPF network element does not include the first event identifier, or does not completely include the first event identifier, then the information of the serving UPF network element in step 807 is the SMF network element. Information about the serving UPF network element reselected by the first terminal.
  • the NWDAF network element may send a message to the consumer network element indicating that analysis results or ML models cannot be provided.
  • the message may carry indication information that analysis results or ML models cannot be provided.
  • Steps 808 to 813 are the same as steps 708 to 713, and will not be described again here.
  • the UPF network element configures the supported Event ID and other information into the SMF network element. Later, it can be queried by NWDAF network elements and other network elements to assist NWDAF network elements and other network elements in retrieving UPF network elements that can provide corresponding data from SMF network elements based on Event ID and other information.
  • FIG 9 is a specific embodiment of another data reporting method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the UPF network element registers the relevant information of the UPF network element to the UDM network element. Later, when the consumer network element requests the data analysis results or ML model of the first terminal from the NWDAF network element, the NWDAF network element discovers from the UDM network element the UPF that provides services for the first terminal and supports the first event identifier.
  • Network element information this method includes:
  • Step 901 The UPF network element registers the relevant information of the UPF network element to the UDM network element.
  • the UPF network element can register the relevant information of the UPF network element and the identity of the first terminal served by the UPF network element to the UDM network element through the SMF network element during the establishment/modification process of the first terminal's PDU session.
  • the UPF network element sends an N4 message to the SMF network element, where the N4 message carries the relevant information of the UPF network element and the identity of the first terminal.
  • the SMF network element can send the relevant information of the UPF network element and the identity of the first terminal to the UDM network element through the Nudm_UECM_Registration service operation.
  • the UPF network element can also instruct the SMF network element to forward the relevant information of the UPF network element and the identity of the first terminal to the UDM network element.
  • the N4 message may also carry a forwarding instruction, which is used to instruct the SMF network element to forward the relevant information of the UPF network element and the identity of the first terminal to the UDM network element.
  • the forwarding instruction can be carried in a message other than the N4 message.
  • the UPF network element can directly register the relevant information of the UPF network element to the UDM network element without using the SMF network element.
  • the UPF network element can send the Nudm_UECM_Registration service operation to the UDM network element.
  • the Nudm_UECM_Registration service operation carries relevant information of the UPF network element and the identification of the first terminal.
  • the UDM network element can feed back a registration result indication to the UPF network element.
  • the registration result indication is used to indicate the success/failure of registration of relevant information of the UPF network element.
  • Step 902 The UDM network element stores relevant information of the UPF network element and the identification of the first terminal served by the UPF network element.
  • Step 903 is the same as step 803 and will not be described again here.
  • Step 904 The NWDAF network element sends a request message to the UDM network element according to the terminal's identifier and the first Event ID to request the UDM network element to provide information on the serving UPF that provides services for the first terminal and supports the first event identifier.
  • step 904 can be implemented in the following manner: the NWDAF network element sends a Nudm_UECM_Get Request message to the UDM network element.
  • Step 905 The UDM network element matches the UPF network element information for the NWDAF network element according to the identifier of the first terminal and the first event identifier.
  • Step 906 The UDM network element provides first information to the NWDAF network element.
  • the first information is used to determine the information of the serving UPF that provides services to the first terminal and supports the first event identifier.
  • the first information may be information about serving UPF that provides services for the first terminal and supports the first event identifier.
  • step 905 can be implemented in the following manner: the NWDAF network element sends a Send Nudm_UECM_Get response message.
  • the Nudm_UECM_Get response message carries serving UPF information or serving UPF related information.
  • Steps 907 to 912 are the same as steps 709 to 713, and will not be described again here.
  • the UDM network element if in step 905, if the UDM network element does not match the information of the serving UPF that provides services for the first terminal and supports the first event identifier, the UDM network element sends a failure indication to the NWDAF network element to indicate that it has not A serving UPF that can provide the first terminal with data that meets the requirements can be found. Subsequently, the NWDAF network element can send a rejection message to the consumer network element to reject the consumer network element's request. Optionally, the rejection message can also carry the rejection reason, for example, for matching the serving UPF that provides the first terminal with data that meets the requirements.
  • the UPF network element configures the supported Event ID and other information to the UDM network element for query by the NWDAF network element and other network elements to assist the NWDAF network element and other network elements based on the Event ID and other information.
  • the UPF network element that can provide corresponding data is retrieved from the UDM network element.
  • each network element such as the first network element, the first user plane network element, the data analysis network element, etc.
  • each network element includes corresponding structures and/or software modules for executing each function.
  • the present application can be implemented in the form of hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is performed by hardware or computer software driving the hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality using different methods for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
  • Embodiments of the present application can divide the functional units according to the above-mentioned method to illustrate the first network element, the first user plane network element, and the data analysis network element.
  • each functional unit can be divided corresponding to each function, or two or two
  • the above functions are integrated in one processing unit.
  • the above integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units. It should be noted that the division of units in the embodiment of the present application is schematic and is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • the method according to the embodiment of the present application has been described above with reference to FIGS. 5 to 9 , and the communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application for performing the above method will be described below. Those skilled in the art can understand that methods and devices can be combined and referenced with each other.
  • the communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application can perform the data reporting method shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6 by the first network element, the first user plane network Element, steps performed by data analysis network elements.
  • FIG. 10 shows the communication device involved in the above embodiment.
  • the communication device may include: a communication module 1013 and a processing module 1012.
  • the communication device may further include a storage module 1011 for storing program codes and data of the communication device.
  • the communication device is a first user plane network element, or a chip applied in the first user plane network element.
  • the communication module 1013 is used to support the communication device to communicate with an external network element (eg, a data analysis network element).
  • the communication module 1013 is used to perform signal sending and receiving operations of the user plane network element in the above method embodiment.
  • the processing module 1012 is configured to perform signal processing operations on the first user plane network element in the above method embodiment.
  • the communication module 1013 is configured to perform the receiving action performed by the first user plane network element in step 501 of Figure 5 of the above embodiment and the receiving action performed by the first user plane network element in step 503.
  • the processing module 1012 is configured to support the communication device to perform step 502 in FIG. 5 .
  • the communication device is a data analysis network element, or a chip applied in the data analysis network element.
  • the communication module 1013 is used to support the communication device to communicate with an external network element (for example, a first user plane network element or a consumer network element).
  • the communication module 1013 is used to perform signal sending and receiving operations of the data analysis network element in the above method embodiment.
  • the processing module 1012 is used to perform signal processing operations of the data analysis network element in the above method embodiment.
  • the communication module 1013 is used to perform the sending action performed by the data analysis network element in step 501 of Figure 5 of the above embodiment, and the receiving action performed by the data analysis network element in step 503. Actions.
  • the processing module 1012 is used to support the communication device to perform the above-mentioned processing actions performed by the data analysis network element.
  • the processing module 1012 is configured to execute steps 602 to 603 in Figure 6 of the above embodiment.
  • the communication module 1013 is also used to perform the receiving action performed by the data analysis network element in step 601 of Figure 6 in the above embodiment.
  • the communication module 1013 is also used to perform the sending action performed by the data analysis network element in step 606 of Figure 6 in the above embodiment.
  • the processing module 1012 may be a processor or a controller, such as a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, Hardware components or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with this disclosure.
  • the processor can also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, and so on.
  • the communication module can be a transceiver, a transceiver circuit or a communication interface, etc.
  • the storage module may be a memory.
  • the processing module 1012 is the processor 1101 or the processor 1105
  • the communication module 1013 is the communication interface 1103
  • the storage module 1011 is the memory 1102
  • the communication device involved in this application may be the communication device shown in Figure 11.
  • Figure 11 shows a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device includes a processor 1101, a communication line 1104, and at least one communication interface (the communication interface 1103 is taken as an example for illustration in FIG. 11).
  • the processor 1101 can be a general central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more processors used to control the execution of the program of the present application. integrated circuit.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • Communication line 1104 may include a path for communicating information between the above-mentioned components.
  • Communication interface 1103 is used for information exchange with other devices, such as using any transceiver-like device, for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless LAN (wireless local area networks, WLAN), etc.
  • RAN radio access network
  • WLAN wireless local area networks
  • the communication device may also include a memory 1102.
  • the memory 1102 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (random access memory (RAM)) or other type that can store information and instructions.
  • a dynamic storage device can also be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disk storage, optical disc storage (Including compressed disc, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc, Blu-ray disc, etc.), magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer , but not limited to this.
  • the memory may exist independently and be connected to the processor through a communication line 1104 . Memory can also be integrated with the processor.
  • the memory 1102 is used to store computer execution instructions for executing the solution of the present application, and is controlled by the processor 1101 for execution.
  • the processor 1101 is configured to execute computer execution instructions stored in the memory 1102, thereby implementing a data reporting method provided in the following embodiments of the present application.
  • the computer-executed instructions in the embodiments of the present application may also be called application codes, which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the processor 1101 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG. 11 .
  • the communication device may include multiple processors, such as the processor 1101 and the processor 1105 in FIG. 11 .
  • processors may be a single-CPU processor or a multi-CPU processor.
  • a processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (eg, computer program instructions).
  • the steps performed by the processor 1101 and the processor 1105 may refer to the steps performed by the above-mentioned processing module 1012.
  • the steps performed by the communication interface 1103 may refer to the steps performed by the communication module 1013 mentioned above.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the chip 130 provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the chip 130 includes one or more (including two) processors 1310 and a communication interface 1330.
  • the chip 130 also includes a memory 1340.
  • the memory 1340 may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provides operating instructions and data to the processor 1310.
  • a portion of memory 1340 may also include non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM).
  • NVRAM non-volatile random access memory
  • memory 1340 stores elements, execution modules, or data structures, or subsets thereof, or extended sets thereof.
  • the corresponding operation is performed by calling the operation instructions stored in the memory 1340 (the operation instructions can be stored in the operating system).
  • One possible implementation is that the structures of the first user plane network element and the data analysis network element are similar, and different devices can use different chips to implement their respective functions.
  • the processor 1310 controls the processing operations of any one of the first user plane network element and the data analysis network element.
  • the processor 1310 may also be called a central processing unit (CPU).
  • Memory 1340 may include read-only memory and random access memory and provides instructions and data to processor 1310 . Portion of memory 1340 may also include NVRAM. For example, the memory 1340, the communication interface 1330 and the memory 1340 in the application are coupled together through the bus system 1320. In addition to the data bus, the bus system 1320 may also include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, etc. However, for the sake of clarity, the various buses are labeled bus system 1320 in FIG. 12 .
  • the methods disclosed in the above embodiments of the present application can be applied to the processor 1310 or implemented by the processor 1310.
  • the processor 1310 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by instructions in the form of hardware integrated logic circuits or software in the processor 1310 .
  • the above-mentioned processor 1310 may be a general-purpose processor or a digital signal processor (digital signal processing, DSP), ASIC, off-the-shelf programmable gate array (field-programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • DSP digital signal processing
  • ASIC application-the-shelf programmable gate array
  • FPGA field-programmable gate array
  • Each method, step and logical block diagram disclosed in the embodiment of this application can be implemented or executed.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application can be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
  • the software module can be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers and other mature storage media in this field.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory 1340.
  • the processor 1310 reads the information in the memory 1340 and completes the steps of the above method in combination with its hardware.
  • the communication interface 1330 is used to perform the steps of receiving and sending the first user plane network element in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 9 .
  • the processor 1310 is configured to perform the steps of processing the first user plane network element in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 9 .
  • the communication interface 1330 is used to perform the steps of receiving and sending data analysis network elements in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 9 .
  • the processor 1310 is configured to perform the steps of data analysis network element processing in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 to 9 .
  • a computer-readable storage medium is provided. Instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the instructions are executed, the functions performed by the data analysis network element as shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6 are implemented.
  • a computer-readable storage medium is provided. Instructions are stored in the computer-readable storage medium. When the instructions are executed, the functions performed by the first user plane network element as shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6 are implemented.
  • a computer program product including instructions.
  • the computer program product includes instructions. When the instructions are executed, the functions performed by the data analysis network element in Figure 5 or Figure 6 are implemented.
  • a computer program product including instructions.
  • the computer program product includes instructions. When the instructions are executed, the functions performed by the first user plane network element as shown in Figure 5 or Figure 6 are implemented.
  • a chip is provided.
  • the chip is used in a first user plane network element.
  • the chip includes at least one processor and a communication interface.
  • the communication interface is coupled with at least one processor.
  • the processor is used to run instructions to implement as shown in Figure 5 ⁇ The functions performed by the first user plane network element in Figure 9.
  • a chip is provided.
  • the chip is used in a data analysis network element.
  • the chip includes at least one processor and a communication interface.
  • the communication interface is coupled to at least one processor.
  • the processor is used to run instructions to implement Figures 5 to 5. 9 functions performed by the data analysis network element.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a communication system, which includes: a first user plane network element and a data analysis network element.
  • the first user plane network element is used to perform the functions performed by the first user plane network element in Figure 5
  • the data analysis network element is used to perform the functions performed by the data analysis network element in Figure 5.
  • the system may also include a consumer network element, which is used to perform the steps performed by the consumer network element in Figure 6.
  • the data analysis network element is also used to perform the steps in Figure 6.
  • a computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user equipment, or other programmable device.
  • a computer program or instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer Readable storage media transmission, for example, a computer program or instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center via wired or wireless means.
  • Computer-readable storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer, or data storage devices such as servers and data centers that integrate one or more available media. Available media can be magnetic media, such as floppy disks, hard disks, tapes; optical media, such as digital video discs (DVD); or semiconductor media, such as solid state drives (SSD) ).

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种数据报告的方法、装置及系统，涉及通信系统领域，用于实现降低用户面网元报告数据时对用户面网元性能的影响，该方法包括：数据分析网元向第一用户面网元发送第一消息，第一消息中包括第一报告信息，第一消息用于请求第一用户面网元按照第一报告信息报告第一数据，其中，第一数据是第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时产生的数据，第一报告信息中包括第一指示信息和/或报告时间信息，第一指示信息用于第一用户面网元确定是否可以延迟报告第一数据，报告时间信息用于指示第一用户面网元确定报告第一数据的时间。数据分析网元接收来自第一用户面网元的第一数据。

Description

一种数据报告的方法、装置及系统
本申请要求于2022年05月06日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202210490110.5、申请名称为“一种数据报告的方法、装置及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及通信系统领域，尤其涉及一种数据报告的方法、装置及系统。
背景技术
第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project，3GPP R15)版本引入了网络数据分析功能(Network Data Analytics Function，NWDAF)网元，R16阶段定义了基于NWDAF网元的智能化网络架构，该架构包括数据收集、数据分析以及分析结果反馈等一系列流程，并于R17阶段对该智能化架构进行了架构和流程方面的增强，比如支持NWDAF网元功能解耦(如训练功能、推理功能以及ML模型共享)、多NWDAF实例(如分层NWDAF架构、NWDAF重选、模型共享、时间协调、异常终端行为交互等)、数据收集效率提升、终端数据报告给NWDAF等架构增强，以及智能选网、切片SLA增强、热点分析等新价值场景。智能化网络架构的目的是收集网络中的海量信息，并利用现有的大数据和人工智能技术将这些数据利用起来，输出一些有价值的信息，辅助运营商进行策略制定和网络资源调整，以提升用户体验、降低网络负载等。
在R16/R17版本中，还定义了NWDAF网元可以提供的数据分析类型，比如用户业务体验分析结果、网元负载分析结果和终端移动性分析结果等，为了能够提供这些分析结果，NWDAF网元需要从网络的不同网元(比如用户面网元)处收集相应的数据。由于用户面网元的基础功能是上下行用户面数据转发功能，如果用户面网元还需要额外进行数据收集并且报告给NWDAF网元，特别是在用户面网元需要报告终端(User Equipment，UE)级别或者QoS流(Quality of Service Flow，QoS Flow)级别的数据给NWDAF网元，对于用户面网元的性能影响很大，从而影响用户面网元执行基础的上下行用户面数据转发功能。但是，目前相关技术中并未给出在用户面网元向NWDAF网元报告数据时降低对用户面网元性能影响的方案，因此，如何降低用户面网元向NWDAF网元报告数据时对用户面网元性能的影响是亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种数据报告的方法、装置及系统，用于实现降低用户面网元向数据分析网元报告数据时对用户面网元性能的影响。
本申请实施例提供如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提供一种数据报告方法，包括：数据分析网元向第一用户面网元发送包括第一报告信息的第一消息。其中，第一消息用于请求第一用户面网元按照第一报告信息报告第一数据。其中，第一数据是第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被 触发时产生的数据。第一报告信息中包括第一指示信息和/或报告时间信息。第一指示信息用于第一用户面网元确定是否可以延迟报告第一数据。报告时间信息用于指示第一用户面网元确定报告第一数据的时间。数据分析网元接收来自第一用户面网元的第一数据。
本申请实施例提供的数据报告方法中，由数据分析网元向第一用户面网元提供第一报告信息，由于该第一报告信息包括第一指示信息和/或报告时间信息，第一指示信息用于第一用户面网元确定是否可以延迟报告第一数据，这样可以使得第一用户面网元基于数据分析网元的指示确定可以或者不可以延迟报告第一数据，在可以延迟报告第一数据的情况下，对于第一用户面网元而言其可以无需在检测到第一事件被触发时立刻向数据分析网元报告第一数据，而是可以自主选择在其负载较轻时向第一数据分析网元报告第一数据，从而降低了报告数据对第一用户面网元性能的影响。由于报告时间信息用于指示第一用户面网元确定报告第一数据的时间。这样可以使得第一用户面网元基于数据分析网元所指示的报告时间报告第一数据，实现了数据报告的灵活性，另外也可以降低报告数据对第一用户面网元性能的影响。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，第一消息中还包括第一事件标识，第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型。第一数据是第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时产生的一个或多个用户面数据类型对应的数据。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，第一消息中还包括第二指示信息。第二指示信息用于指示数据分析网元请求获取第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型中的至少一个用户面数据类型的数据，相应的，数据分析网元接收来自第一用户面网元的第一数据，包括：数据分析网元接收来自第一用户面网元提供的至少一个用户面数据类型的数据。在这种情况下，第一数据是第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时产生的至少一个用户面数据类型对应的数据。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，第一报告信息包括以下信息中的一个或多个：第三指示信息，用于指示第一用户面网元在第一用户面网元的负载低于预设阈值时向数据分析网元报告第一数据；第一负载阈值，用于第一用户面网元确定在第一用户面网元的负载低于第一负载阈值时向数据分析网元报告第一数据。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，报告时间信息包括第一起始时间信息以及第一结束时间信息，第一起始时间信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告第一数据的开始时间，第一结束时间信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告数据的第一结束时间；或者，报告时间信息包括截止时间信息，截止时间信息用于指示数据分析网元在截止时间信息之前开始报告第一数据或者在截止时间信息之前报告完成第一数据；或者，报告时间信息包括第二起始时间信息以及时间长度信息，第一起始时间信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告第一数据的开始时间，时间长度信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告数据的时间长度；或者，报告时间信息包括时间窗信息，时间窗信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告数据的第三开始时间和第二结束时间。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，在第一起始时间信息以及第一结束时间信息所确定的时间窗内，第一用户面网元的负载低于预设负载阈值。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，本申请提供的方法还包括：数据分析网元从消费者网元处获取第一分析标识。第一分析标识用于数据分析网元确定消费者网元请求与第一分析标识对应的分析结果或者机器学习模型。数据分析网元根据第一分析标识，得到第一事件标识。数据分析网元根据第一事件标识从第一网元处获取支持第一事件标识的一个或多个用户面网元的信息，一个或多个用户面网元中包括第一用户面网元。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，数据分析网元中具有一个或多个分析标识中每个分析标识与事件标识的关联信息，相应的，数据分析网元根据第一分析标识，得到第一事件标识，包括：数据分析网元根据关联信息，将第一分析标识关联的事件标识确定为第一事件标识，一个或多个分析标识包括第一分析标识。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，数据分析网元根据第一分析标识，得到第一事件标识，包括：数据分析网元将第一分析标识确定为第一事件标识。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，数据分析网元中具有一个或多个数据粒度中每个数据粒度与事件标识的关联信息，数据分析网元根据第一分析标识，得到第一事件标识，包括：数据分析网元根据第一分析标识确定从用户面网元处收集的数据为第一数据粒度。数据分析网元将关联信息中与第一数据粒度关联的事件标识确定为第一事件标识，第一数据粒度属于一个或多个数据粒度。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，数据分析网元根据第一事件标识从第一网元处获取支持第一事件标识的一个或多个用户面网元的信息，包括：数据分析网元向第一网元发送携带第一事件标识的第二消息。第二消息用于请求第一网元提供支持第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息。数据分析网元接收来自第一网元的一个或多个用户面网元的信息。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，第一消息还包括第一终端的信息，第一消息用于请求第一终端对应的第一数据。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，在数据分析网元还通过第三消息向第一用户面网元请求第二终端对应的第二数据，且第三消息中还包括第一报告信息的情况下，数据分析网元接收来自第一用户面网元的第一数据包括：数据分析网元接收来自第一用户面网元发送的第一响应，第一响应包括第一终端对应的第一数据以及第二终端对应的第二数据。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种数据报告方法，包括：第一用户面网元接收来自数据分析网元的包括第一报告信息的第一消息。第一消息用于请求第一用户面网元按照第一报告信息报告第一数据。其中，第一数据是第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时产生的数据。第一报告信息中包括第一指示信息和/或报告时间信息。第一指示信息用于第一用户面网元确定是否可以延迟报告第一数据。报告时间信息用于指示第一用户面网元确定报告第一数据的时间。第一用户面网元获取第一数据。第一用户面网元根据第一报告信息，向数据分析网元报告第一数据。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，第一消息中还包括第一事件标识，第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型，第一数据是第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时产生的一个或多个用户面数据类型对应的数据。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，第一消息中还包括第二指示信息，第二指示信息 用于指示数据分析网元请求获取第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型中的至少一个用户面数据类型的数据，相应的，第一用户面网元获取第一数据，包括：第一用户面网元根据第二指示信息，获取第一事件被触发时的至少一个用户面数据类型的数据作为第一数据。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，第一报告信息包括以下信息中的一个或多个：第三指示信息，用于指示第一用户面网元在第一用户面网元的负载低于预设阈值时向数据分析网元报告第一数据；第一负载阈值，用于第一用户面网元确定在第一用户面网元的负载低于第一负载阈值时向数据分析网元报告第一数据，相应的，第一用户面网元根据第一报告信息，向数据分析网元报告第一数据，包括：第一用户面网元根据第三指示信息和/或第一负载阈值，向数据分析网元报告第一数据。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，报告时间信息包括第一起始时间信息以及第一结束时间信息，第一起始时间信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告第一数据的开始时间，第一结束时间信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告数据的第一结束时间；或者，报告时间信息包括截止时间信息，截止时间信息用于指示数据分析网元在截止时间信息之前开始报告第一数据或者在截止时间信息之前报告完成第一数据；或者，报告时间信息包括第二起始时间信息以及时间长度信息，第一起始时间信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告第一数据的开始时间，时间长度信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告数据的时间长度；或者，报告时间信息包括时间窗信息，时间窗信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告数据的第三开始时间和第二结束时间。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，本申请提供的方法还包括：第一用户面网元向第一网元发送第一用户面网元的相关信息。第一用户面网元的相关信息至少包括第一用户面网元支持的一个或多个事件标识。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，本申请中第一用户面网元向第一网元发送第一用户面网元的相关信息的步骤还包括：第一用户面网元向第一网元发送第一用户面网元服务的终端的标识。
在本申请的一个可能的实现中，本申请提供的方法还包括：第一用户面网元接收来自数据分析网元的第三消息。其中，第三消息用于向第一用户面网元请求第二终端对应的第二数据，且第三消息中还包括第一报告信息的情况下，第一用户面网元根据第一报告信息，向数据分析网元报告第一数据包括：第一用户面网元根据第一报告信息，向数据分析网元报告第一响应。其中，第一响应中包括第二终端对应的第二数据以及第一终端对应的第一数据。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信方法，包括：第一网元接收来自数据分析网元的携带第一事件标识的第二消息。其中，第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型。第二消息用于请求第一网元提供支持第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息。第一网元根据第一事件标识，确定支持第一事件标识的一个或多个用户面网元的信息。第一网元向数据分析网元发送一个或多个用户面网元的信息。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一网元向数据分析网元提供一个或多个用户面网元的信息还可以包括：第一网元向数据分析网元提供一个或多个用户面网元的 相关信息。该用户面网元的相关信息至少包括该用户面网元支持的一个或多个事件标识。可选的，用户面网元的相关信息还包括用户面网元服务的服务区域的信息或者网络切片的信息，以及用户面网元的网元类型。这样便于数据分析网元确定各用户面网元是否支持第一事件标识，以及可以根据用户面网元服务的服务区域的信息或者网络切片的信息，以及用户面网元的网元类型确定用户面网元为符合提供数据的用户面网元。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一网元可以为NRF网元或者SMF网元或者UDM网元。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一网元中配置有一个或多个用户面网元的相关信息，相关信息包括用户面网元支持的一个或多个事件标识以及用户面网元的信息(比如标识或者地址信息)。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，本申请实施例提供的方法在第一网元接收来自数据分析网元的携带第一事件标识的第二消息之前，还包括：第一网元接收来自任一用户面网元的第三消息，第三消息包括用户面网元的相关信息，相关信息包括用户面网元支持的一个或多个事件标识以及用户面网元的标识，一个或多个事件标识包括第一事件标识。这样可以实现用户面网元将其相关信息注册到第一网元中。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一网元是为第一终端提供服务的会话管理网元或者统一数据管理网元，一个或多个用户面网元包括为第一终端提供服务的第一用户面网元，第一网元接收来自第一用户面网元的第三消息，包括：在第一终端的会话建立或者更新流程中，第一网元接收来自第一用户面网元的第三消息。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一网元是为第一终端提供服务的SMF网元或者UDM，第一网元接收来自第一用户面网元的第三消息，包括：在第一网元确定不具有第一用户面网元的相关信息的情况下，第一网元向第一用户面网元发送请求消息，该请求消息用于请求第一用户面网元向第一网元提供第一用户面网元的相关信息。由于可能存在用户面网元未将其相关信息注册到第一网元的情况，因此该方案可以实现用户面网元基于SMF网元或者UDM的触发，而向第一网元提供第一用户面网元的相关信息。比如，第一网元确定数据分析网元需要查询第一用户面网元是否支持第一事件标识，这时第一网元确定本地不具有第一用户面网元的相关信息或者发现第一用户面网元未向第一网元注册第一用户面网元的相关信息，因此便可以触发第一网元提供第一用户面网元的相关信息。或者第一网元可以基于其他方式的触发确定不具有第一用户面网元的相关信息。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一网元为服务于第一终端的会话管理网元或统一数据管理网元，第一终端由第二用户面网元提供服务，第二消息中还包括第一终端的标识，本申请实施例提供的方法还包括：在第二用户面网元所支持的事件标识中不包括第一事件标识，或者第二用户面网元所支持的事件标识包括第一事件标识中的部分事件标识的情况下，第一网元向数据分析网元反馈第四消息，第四消息用于指示未查询到支持第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息。便于第一网元根据第四消息确定不存在支持第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息，以向消费者网元反馈相应的信息，比如拒绝消费者网元的请求的分析结果或者ML模型。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一网元为服务于第一终端的会话管理网元，第一终端由第二用户面网元提供服务，第二消息中还包括第一终端的标识，第一网元根据第一事件标识，确定支持第一事件标识的一个或多个用户面网元的标识，包括：在第二用户面网元所支持的事件标识中不包括第一事件标识，或者第二用户面网元所支持的事件标识包括第一事件标识中的部分事件标识的情况下，第一网元为第一终端确定支持第一事件标识的第三用户面网元，第三用户面网元属于一个或多个用户面网元。这样可以实现通过为第一终端重新选择第三用户面网元以使得第三用户面网元来提供第一事件标识关联的一个或多个用户面数据类型的数据。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以实现第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法，因此也能实现第一方面或第一方面任意可能的实现方式中的有益效果。该通信装置可以为数据分析网元，也可以为支持数据分析网元实现第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的装置，例如应用于数据分析网元中的芯片。该通信装置可以通过软件、硬件、或者通过硬件执行相应的软件实现上述方法。
作为一种示例，该通信装置可以包括处理单元以及通信单元，其中通信单元用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任一可能的实现方式中由数据分析网元执行的接收/发送相关步骤。处理单元用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任一可能的实现方式中由数据分析网元执行的处理的相关步骤。
示例性的，当该通信装置是数据分析网元内的芯片或者芯片系统时，该处理单元可以是处理器，该通信单元可以是通信接口。例如通信接口可以为输入/输出接口、管脚或电路等。该处理单元执行存储单元所存储的指令，以使该数据分析网元实现第一方面或第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的一种数据报告方法。该存储单元可以是该芯片内的存储单元(例如，寄存器、缓存等)，也可以是该数据分析网元内的位于该芯片外部的存储单元(例如，只读存储器、随机存取存储器等)。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以实现第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法，因此也能实现第二方面或第二方面任意可能的实现方式中的有益效果。该通信装置可以为第一用户面网元，也可以为支持第一用户面网元实现第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的装置，例如应用于第一用户面网元中的芯片。该通信装置可以通过软件、硬件、或者通过硬件执行相应的软件实现上述方法。
作为一种示例，该通信装置可以包括处理单元以及通信单元，其中通信单元用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面的任一可能的实现方式中由第一用户面网元执行的接收/发送相关步骤。处理单元用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面的任一可能的实现方式中由第一用户面网元执行的处理的相关步骤。
示例性的，当该通信装置是第一用户面网元内的芯片或者芯片系统时，该处理单元可以是处理器，该通信单元可以是通信接口。例如通信接口可以为输入/输出接口、管脚或电路等。该处理单元执行存储单元所存储的指令，以使该第一用户面网元实现第二方面或第二方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的一种数据报告方法。该存储单元可以是该芯片内的存储单元(例如，寄存器、缓存等)，也可以是该第一用户面 网元内的位于该芯片外部的存储单元(例如，只读存储器、随机存取存储器等)。
第六方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置，该通信装置可以实现第三方面或第三方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法，因此也能实现第三方面或第三方面任意可能的实现方式中的有益效果。该通信装置可以为第一网元，也可以为支持第一网元实现第三方面或第三方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的装置，例如应用于第一网元中的芯片。该通信装置可以通过软件、硬件、或者通过硬件执行相应的软件实现上述方法。
作为一种示例，该通信装置可以包括处理单元以及通信单元，其中通信单元用于执行上述第三方面或第三方面的任一可能的实现方式中由第一网元执行的接收/发送相关步骤。处理单元用于执行上述第三方面或第三方面的任一可能的实现方式中由第一网元执行的处理的相关步骤。
示例性的，当该通信装置是第一网元内的芯片或者芯片系统时，该处理单元可以是处理器，该通信单元可以是通信接口。例如通信接口可以为输入/输出接口、管脚或电路等。该处理单元执行存储单元所存储的指令，以使该第一网元实现第三方面或第三方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的一种数据报告方法。该存储单元可以是该芯片内的存储单元(例如，寄存器、缓存等)，也可以是该第一网元内的位于该芯片外部的存储单元(例如，只读存储器、随机存取存储器等)。
第七方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第一方面至第一方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的一种数据报告方法。该计算机可以为数据分析网元。
第八方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第二方面至第二方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的一种数据报告方法。该计算机可以为第一用户面网元。
第九方面，本申请实施例提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序或指令，当计算机程序或指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行如第三方面至第三方面的任意一种可能的实现方式中描述的一种数据报告方法。该计算机可以为第一网元。
第十方面，本申请实施例提供一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，当指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第一方面或第一方面的各种可能的实现方式中描述的一种数据报告方法。
第十一方面，本申请实施例提供一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，当指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第二方面或第二方面的各种可能的实现方式中描述的一种数据报告方法。
第十二方面，本申请实施例提供一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，当指令在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行第三方面或第三方面的各种可能的实现方式中描述的一种数据报告方法。
第十三方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信装置用于实现上述第一方面至第三方面 中任一方面的各种可能的设计中的各种方法。该通信装置可以为上述数据分析网元，或者包含上述数据分析网元的装置，或者应用于数据分析网元中的部件(例如，芯片)。或者，该通信装置可以为上述第一网元，或者包含上述第一网元的装置，或者通信装置可以为应用于第一网元中的部件(例如，芯片)。或者，该通信装置可以为上述第一用户面网元，或者包含上述第一用户面网元的装置，或者通信装置可以为应用于第一用户面网元中的部件(例如，芯片)。该通信装置包括实现上述方法相应的模块、单元、该模块、单元可以通过硬件实现，软件实现，或者通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块或单元。
应理解，上述第十三方面中描述的通信装置中还可以包括：总线和存储器，存储器用于存储代码和数据。可选的，至少一个处理器通信接口和存储器相互耦合。
第十四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括：通信接口和至少一个处理器。其中，至少一个处理器和通信接口通信，当该通信装置运行时，该至少一个处理器执行存储器中存储的计算机执行指令或程序，以使该通信装置执行如上述第一方面或第一方面的任一种可能的实现方式中的方法。例如，该通信装置可以为数据分析网元，或者为应用于数据分析网元中的芯片。
第十五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括：通信接口和至少一个处理器。其中，至少一个处理器和通信接口通信，当该通信装置运行时，该至少一个处理器执行存储器中存储的计算机执行指令或程序，以使该通信装置执行如上述第二方面或第二方面的各种可能的实现方式中的方法。例如，该通信装置可以为第一用户面网元，或者为应用于第一用户面网元中的芯片。
第十六方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括：通信接口和至少一个处理器。其中，至少一个处理器和通信接口通信，当该通信装置运行时，该至少一个处理器执行存储器中存储的计算机执行指令或程序，以使该通信装置执行如上述第三方面或第三方面的各种可能的实现方式中的方法。例如，该通信装置可以为第一网元，或者为应用于第一网元中的芯片。
应理解，第十四方面至第十六方面任一方面描述的通信装置还可以包括存储器，该存储器还可以使用存储介质替换，本申请实施例对此不作限定。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第十四方面至第十六方面任一方面描述的存储器可以为该通信装置内部的存储器，当然，该存储器也可以位于该通信装置外部，但是至少一个处理器仍然可以执行该存储器中存储的计算机执行指令或程序。
第十七方面，本申请实施例提供了一种通信装置，该通信装置包括一个或者多个模块，用于实现上述第一方面、第二方面、第三方面中任一个方面的方法，该一个或者多个模块可以与上述第一方面、第二方面、第三方面中任一个方面的方法中的各个步骤相对应。
第十八方面，本申请实施例提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括至少一个处理器，处理器用于读取并执行存储器中存储的计算机程序，以执行第一方面或其任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
第十九方面，本申请实施例提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括至少一个处理器，处理器用于读取并执行存储器中存储的计算机程序，以执行第二方面或其任意可能的 实现方式中的方法。
第二十方面，本申请实施例提供一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括至少一个处理器，处理器用于读取并执行存储器中存储的计算机程序，以执行第三方面或其任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
可选地，芯片系统可以为单个芯片，或者多个芯片组成的芯片模组。
可选地，芯片系统还包括存储器，存储器与处理器通过电路或电线与存储器连接。
进一步可选地，芯片系统还包括通信接口。通信接口用于与芯片之外的其它模块进行通信。
第二十一方面，本申请实施例提供一种通信系统，该通信系统包括：数据分析网元和第一用户面网元。其中，数据分析网元用于执行第一方面或其任意可能的实现方式中的方法，第一用户面网元用于执行第一方面或其任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
可选的，通信系统还可以包括一个或多个第一网元(比如，NRF网元或者会话管理网元或者统一数据管理网元)，用于执行上述第一方面或其任一可能的实现方式中的方法。
上述提供的任一种装置或计算机存储介质或计算机程序产品或芯片或通信系统均用于执行上文所提供的对应的方法，因此，其所能达到的有益效果可参考上文提供的对应的方法中对应方案的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
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图1为本申请实施例提供的一种通信系统的架构示意图；
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图4.1和图4.2分别为现有技术中从UPF网元处获取数据的流程示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种数据报告方法的流程示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种数据报告方法的流程示意图；
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图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种数据报告方法具体实施例的流程示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的又一种数据报告方法具体实施例的流程示意图；
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图12为本申请实施例提供的一种芯片的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了便于清楚描述本申请实施例的技术方案，在本申请的实施例中，采用了“第一”、“第二”等字样对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分。例如，第一网元和第二网元仅仅是为了区分不同的网元，并不对其先后顺序进行限定。本领域技术人员可以理解“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量和执行次序进行限定，并且“第一”、“第二”等字样也并不限定一定不同。
需要说明的是，本申请中，“示例性的”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其他实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性的” 或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。
本申请中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b，或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，a-b，a-c，b-c，或a-b-c，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
本申请的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：长期演进(long time evolution，LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(frequency division duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(time division duplex，TDD)系统、通用移动通信系统(universal mobile telecommunication system，UMTS)、全球互联微波接入(worldwide interoperability for microwave access，WiMAX)通信系统、公共陆地移动网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)系统、设备对设备(device to device，D2D)网络系统或者机器对机器(machine to machine，M2M)网络系统以及第五代移动通信技术(the 5th generation，5G)系统等。
本申请实施例描述的网络架构以及业务场景是为了更加清楚的说明本申请实施例的技术方案，并不构成对于本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定，本领域普通技术人员可知，随着网络架构的演变和新业务场景的出现，本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题，同样适用。
如图1所示，本申请实施例提供一种通信系统，该通信系统包括：数据分析网元100、用户面网元200。其中，数据分析网元100和用户面网元200可以通信。
可选的，如图1所示的系统中还可以包括消费者网元300、会话管理网元400、NRF网元500以及统一数据管理网元600中的一个或多个网元。
其中，数据分析网元100可以从用户面网元200处获取所需要的用户面数据，进而根据该用户面数据进行数据分析或者训练ML模型。具体的，数据分析网元100可以根据消费者网元300的需求信息，从用户面网元200处获取所需要的用户面数据。
本申请实施例中如图1所示的通信系统可以应用于5G网络架构以及未来出现的其他网络架构，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
以图1所示的通信系统适用于5G网络架构为例，在5G核心网(5G core，5GC)中用户面网元对应的网元或实体可以为用户面功能(User plane function，UPF)网元、会话管理网元对应的网元或实体可以为会话管理功能(Session Management Function，SMF)网元。在5G网络中，本申请实施例中数据分析网元可以为5GC中的网络数据分析功能(network data analytics function，NWDAF)网元，也可以是网管的管理数据分析功能(Management Data Analytics Function，MDAF)网元，甚至可以是无线接入网(Radio Access Network，RAN)侧的数据分析网元。
如图2所示，5G网络架构中除了包括上述网元外，还可以包括：接入与移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)网元、统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)网元、策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)网元、应用功能(application function，AF)网元、数据网络(data network，DN)、网络切 片选择功能(network slice selection function，NSSF)网元、网络能力开放功能(network exposure function，NEF)网元、用户数据库(user data repository，UDR)、以及网络仓库贮存功能(network repository function，NRF)网元以及运行、管理和维护(运维)(operation，administration，and maintenance，OAM)网元(也可以称为运行管理维护网元)。该NRF网元主要用于网元(如AMF网元、UPF网元、NWDAF网元等)的发现。
其中，终端通过N1接口(简称N1)与AMF网元通信。AMF实体通过N11接口(简称N11)与SMF网元通信。SMF网元通过N4接口(简称N4)与一个或者多个UPF网元通信。一个或多个UPF网元中任意两个UPF网元通过N9接口(简称N9)通信。UPF网元通过N6接口(简称N6)与AF网元管控的数据网络(data network，DN)通信。终端通过接入网网元(例如，RAN网元)接入网络，RAN网元与AMF网元之间通过N2接口(简称N2)通信。SMF网元通过N7接口(简称N7)与PCF网元通信，PCF网元通过N5接口与AF网元通信。RAN网元通过N3接口(简称N3)与UPF网元通信。任意两个AMF网元之间通过N14接口(简称N14)通信。SMF网元通过N10接口(简称N10)与UDM通信。AMF网元通过N12接口(简称N12)与AUSF通信。AMF网元通过N8接口(简称N8)与UDM网元通信。
应理解，如图2所示的网络架构中，控制面网元也可以采用服务化接口进行交互。例如，如图3所示，AMF网元、SMF网元、UDM网元、或者PCF网元采用服务化接口进行交互。比如，AMF网元对外提供的服务化接口可以为Namf。SMF网元对外提供的服务化接口可以为Nsmf。UDM网元对外提供的服务化接口可以为Nudm。PCF网元对外提供的服务化接口可以为Npcf。CHF网元对外提供的服务化接口可以为Nchf(图3中未示出)。NWDAF网元对外提供的服务化接口可以为Nnwdaf。BSF网元对外提供的服务化接口可以为Nbsf。NRF网元对外提供的服务化接口可以为Nnrf。应理解，各种服务化接口的名称的相关描述可以参考23501标准中的5G系统架构(5G system architecture)图，在此不予赘述。
需要说明的是，图2或图3仅是示例性的给出一个UPF网元、SMF网元。当然，该中可能包括多个UPF网元、SMF网元，如包括SMF网元1和SMF网元2，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
需要说明的是，图2或图3的接入网网元、AMF网元、SMF网元、UDM网元、UPF网元和PCF网元等仅是一个名字，名字对设备本身不构成限定。在5G网络以及未来其它的网络中，RAN网元、AMF网元、SMF网元、UDM网元、UPF网元和PCF网元所对应的网元或实体也可以是其他的名字，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。例如，该UDM网元还有可能被替换为用户归属服务器(home subscriber server，HSS)或者用户签约数据库(user subscription database，USD)或者数据库实体，等等，在此进行统一说明，后续不再赘述。本申请实施例中涉及到的各个网元的含义如下：
网络网元(Network Function，NF)，如PCF网元,AMF网元，SMF网元，NEF网元，AF网元，NWDAF网元等。
NWDAF网元：网络数据分析功能。其具备数据收集、训练、分析、推理功能，可以用于收集来自网络网元、第三方业务服务器、终端或网管系统中的相关数据，基 于相关数据做分析训练，并向网络网元、第三方业务服务器、终端或网管系统提供分析结果，该分析结果可协助PCF网元确定业务的服务质量参数，或协助SMF网元执行流量路由，或协助PCF网元确定背景数据传输策略等。
NRF网元：提供5G网络中网元的注册和发现能力，比如UPF网元的相关信息可以注册在NRF网元中。NWDAF网元可以从NRF网元处发现一个或多个UPF网元的信息。
UDM网元：对用户进行签约管理、接入授权、鉴权信息生成等。
SMF网元：会话管理功能，提供对终端的会话的会话管理(如会话建立、修改、释放)，IP地址分配和管理，UPF网元的选择和控制等。
本申请实施例中的UDM网元和SMF网元中还可以存储为终端提供服务的UPF网元的相关信息。
UPF网元：提供用户面数据转发、处理、与DN的连接、会话锚点、QoS策略执行等用户面功能。
终端(terminal)，也可以称之为：用户设备(user equipment，UE)可以包括各种具有无线通信功能的手持设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备；还可以包括用户单元(subscriber unit)、蜂窝电话(cellular phone)、智能电话(smart phone)、无线数据卡、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)电脑、平板型电脑、无线调制解调器(modem)、手持设备(handheld)、膝上型电脑(laptop computer)、无绳电话(cordless phone)或者无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)台、机器类型通信(machine type communication，MTC)终端、用户设备(user equipment，UE)，移动台(mobile station，MS)，终端(terminal device)或者中继用户设备等。其中，中继用户设备例如可以是5G家庭网关(residential gateway，RG)。为方便描述，本申请中，上面提到的设备统称为终端。
或者，终端可以为物联网终端、港口、智能工厂、铁路交通、物流、无人机、无人驾驶汽车等多种垂直行业应用领域中的终端。例如：移动机器人(mobile robot)、自动导引车(automated guided vehicle，AGV)，无人驾驶汽车，列车上的控制设备和传感器、工厂中部署的控制设备和传感器(sensor)等。
作为示例，在本申请实施例中，该终端还可以是可穿戴设备。可穿戴设备也可以称为穿戴式智能设备，是应用穿戴式技术对日常穿戴进行智能化设计、开发出可以穿戴的设备的总称，如眼镜、手套、手表、服饰及鞋等。可穿戴设备即直接穿在身上，或是整合到用户的衣服或配件的一种便携式设备。可穿戴设备不仅仅是一种硬件设备，更是通过软件支持以及数据交互、云端交互来实现强大的功能。广义穿戴式智能设备包括功能全、尺寸大、可不依赖智能手机实现完整或者部分的功能，例如：智能手表或智能眼镜等，以及只专注于某一类应用功能，需要和其它设备如智能手机配合使用，如各类进行体征监测的智能手环、智能首饰等。该终端还可以为应用于工厂的传感器设备。
在R16/R17版本中，还定义了NWDAF网元可以提供的数据分析类型，比如用户业务体验分析结果、网元负载分析结果和终端移动性分析结果等。每种数据分析类型可以用一个分析标识(Analytics ID)标识。例如Analytics ID＝"Service Experience"， 表示业务体验分析结果。Analytics ID＝"NF load information"，表示网元负载分析结果。Analytics ID＝"UE Mobility"，表示终端移动性分析结果。
为了能够提供上述分析结果，NWDAF网元需要从网络的不同网元处收集相应的数据，每个Analytics ID即对应了一组需要收集的数据类型。以NWDAF网元提供用户业务体验分析结果为例(即Analytics ID＝"Service Experience")，NWDAF网元需要从AF网元处收集业务体验相关数据、从核心网网元(比如AMF网元/SMF网元/UPF网元)收集服务质量(Quality of Service，QoS)流(flow)级别的网络数据以及从OAM网元收集终端(UE)级别的QoS相关数据。其中，NWDAF网元从UPF网元处收集的数据包括如下表1所示的内容：
表1 NWDAF网元从UPF网元处收集的数据
可以看出，上述数据均是QoS flow级别的UPF数据。此外，NWDAF网元还可能从UPF网元收集其他级别的数据，比如网元(NF)级别、应用(Application)级别、终端级别等，示例如下表2所示：
表2 NWDAF网元从UPF网元处收集到的其他级别的数据
UPF网元直接或间接(如通过SMF网元)接收到NWDAF网元的数据收集请求后，便会收集相应的数据并以直接或间接的方式发送给NWDAF网元。
在介绍本申请实施例之前，以数据分析网元为NWDAF网元，用户面网元为UPF网元为例，先介绍两种NWDAF网元从UPF网元采集数据的方式，如图4.1和图4.2所示：
图4.1为采集特定终端(比如一个终端或者多个终端)的UPF数据的流程，如图4.1所示，该方法包括：
步骤401-1、NWDAF网元根据终端的标识(如SUPI)从UDM网元处查询为该终端提供服务的SMF网元的信息。
上述终端的标识中可以指一个或多个终端的标识。具体的，NWDAF网元确定获取该终端在用户面网元上的用户面数据的情况下，执行步骤401-1。
可以理解的是，UDM网元中存储有终端的标识和为终端服务的SMF网元的信息之间的映射关系。其中，UDM网元中存储的映射信息可以由SMF网元在终端的会话建立或者会话修改流程中注册到UDM网元中。可选的，SMF网元的信息可以是SMF网元的IP地址以及SMF网元的标识。
示例性的，本申请实施例中的终端的标识可以为以下一个或者多个：网际协议地址(internet protocol，IP)、签约永久标识(subscription permanent identifier，SUPI)、永久设备标识(permanent equipment identifier，PEI)、通用公共签约标识(generic public subscription identifier，GPSI)、国际移动用户标识符(international mobile subscriber identifier，IMSI)、国际移动设备标识(international mobile equipment identity，IMEI)、IP地址和移动台国际综合业务数字网络号码(mobile station international integrated service digital network number，MSISDN)。下述实施例中但凡涉及到终端的标识均可以参考此处的描述，后续不再赘述。
步骤401-2、NWDAF网元根据终端的标识从SMF网元处查询为该终端提供服务的服务UPF网元的信息。
可选的，SMF网元中存储有该SMF网元服务的一个或多个终端的标识，以及为各个终端提供服务的UPF网元的信息之间的映射关系。比如，UPF网元的信息可以是UPF网元的IP地址以及UPF网元的ID。
步骤401-3、NWDAF网元通过事件开放订阅(Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe)服务操作向服务UPF网元发送订阅消息。相应的，服务UPF网元接收来自NWDAF网元的Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe服务操作。其中，Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe服务操作用于向该服务UPF网元订阅并获取该终端的数据。
订阅消息中携带如下参数：
‐事件标识(Event ID)，一个Event ID对应一个用户面数据类型集合(如QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay,Packet transmission,Packet retransmission等)，用于表示NWDAF网元请求的一组用户面数据类型的数据；
‐事件过滤信息(Event Filter)：用于限制UPF网元收集数据的范围。如Event Filter＝S-NSSAI，表示NWDAF网元想要获取特定切片(即S-NSSAI指示的切片)内的该终端的数据，或者Event Filter＝App ID，表示NWDAF想要获取该终端在App ID指示的特定应用的数据。
‐事件报告的目标(Target of Event Reporting)：用于指示收集哪些终端的数据，如Target of Event Reporting＝UE ID，表示NWDAF网元想要收集UE ID所指示的特定终端的数据。例如当Event Filter＝AoI且Target of Event Reporting＝UE ID，表示NWDAF网元想要收集AoI指定的数据收集范围内的UE ID标识的终端的数据。
‐事件报告信息(Event Reporting Information)：用于指示UPF网元该如何上报数据给NWDAF网元，如事件报告信息中包括周期性上报指示信息、周期，表示UPF网元按照周期向NWDAF网元上报数据。
在一种示例方式中，NWDAF网元可以通过SMF网元向UPF网元订阅数据，其中，NWDAF网元向SMF网元发送Nsmf_EventExposure_Subscribe服务操作(上述Event ID，Event Filter，Target of Event Reporting，Event Reporting Information)，SMF网元进一步向UPF网元发送Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe服务操作或者N4消息(上述Event ID，Event Filter，Target of Event Reporting，Event Reporting Information)。
可以理解的是，步骤401-3中除了是订阅消息外也可以是非订阅消息。
步骤401-4、UPF网元通过事件开放通知(Nupf_EventExposure_Notify)服务操作将收集的该终端的数据发给NWDAF网元，相应的，NWDAF网元可以通过Nupf_EventExposure_Notify服务操作获取到该终端的数据。可选的，UPF网元还可以通过普通非服务化接口(类似N4接口)消息将收集的该终端的数据发给NWDAF网元。
在一种示例方式中，UPF网元可以通过SMF网元向NWDAF网元发送该终端的数据，其中，UPF网元向SMF网元发送Nupf_EventExposure_Notify服务操作或者N4消息(该终端的数据)，SMF网元进一步向NWDAF网元发送Nsmf_EventExposure_Notify服务操作(该终端的数据)。
此外，NWDAF网元从UPF网元处采集数据的第二种方式是采集感兴趣区域(Area of Interest，AoI)内的全部终端或者部分终端的数据，其流程如图4.2所示。
步骤402-1、NWDAF网元根据AoI(list of TA/cell)从NRF网元查询服务于该区域的一个或多个UPF网元的信息。
其中，NRF网元中保存有网元的注册信息，即NF profile，其中包括网元类型(NF type)、网元标识(NF instance ID)、网元地址(FQDN or IP address of NF)以及网元服务区域信息(NF Serving Area information)。
步骤402-2、NWDAF网元通过事件开放订阅(Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe)服务操作向一个或多个UPF网元中每个UPF网元发送订阅消息，相应的，各个UPF网元接收来自NWDAF网元的Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe服务操作。其中，Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe服务操作用于向该UPF网元订阅并获取特定区域范围内的终端的数据，示例性的，终端的数据可以是单个终端的数据(如QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay,Packet transmission,Packet retransmission等)，也可以是多个终端聚合后的数据(如Traffic usage report)。
订阅消息中携带如下参数：
‐Event ID，介绍可以参考图4.1处的描述，此处不再赘述。
‐Event Filter，介绍可以参考图4.1处的描述，此处不再赘述；
‐Target of Event Reporting，用于指示收集哪些终端的数据，如Target of Event Reporting＝Any UE，表示NWDAF网元想要收集Event Filter标识的数据收集范围内的所有终端的数据。例如当Event Filter＝AoI且Target of Event Reporting＝Any UE，表示NWDAF网元想要收集AoI指定的数据收集范围内的所有终端的数据。
步骤402-3：UPF网元通过事件开放通知(Nupf_EventExposure_Notify)服务操作将收集的特定区域范围内的终端的数据发给NWDAF网元。可选的，UPF网元还可以通过普通非服务化接口(类似N4接口)消息将收集的该终端的数据发给NWDAF网元。
其中，图4.1中NWDAF通过SMF向UPF采集数据的方式同样适用于图4.2所描述的UPF数据收集场景，此处不再赘述。
在本申请实施例中，一种数据报告方法中一侧的执行主体的具体结构，本申请实施例并未特别限定，只要可以通过运行记录有本申请实施例的一种数据报告方法的代码的程序，以根据本申请实施例的一种数据报告方法进行通信即可。例如，本申请实施例提供的一种数据报告方法的执行主体可以是数据分析网元中能够调用程序并执行程序的功能模块，或者为应用于数据分析网元中的通信装置，例如，芯片、芯片系统、集成电路等等。这些芯片、芯片系统、集成电路可以设置于数据分析网元内部，也可以相对于数据分析网元独立，本申请实施例不做限制。本申请实施例提供的一种数据报告方法中另一侧的执行主体可以是第一用户面网元中能够调用程序并执行程序的功能模块，或者为应用于第一用户面网元中的通信装置，例如，芯片、芯片系统、集成电路等等，这些芯片、芯片系统、集成电路可以设置于第一用户面网元内部，也可以相对于第一用户面网元独立，本申请实施例不做限制。
如图5所示，以数据分析网元和第一用户面网元交互的方式示意了本申请实施例提供的一种数据报告方法，该数据报告方法包括：
步骤501、数据分析网元向第一用户面网元发送第一消息。相应的，第一用户面网元接收来自数据分析网元的第一消息。
其中，第一消息中包括第一报告信息。第一消息用于请求第一用户面网元按照第一报告信息报告第一数据。其中，第一数据是第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时产生的数据。第一报告信息中包括第一指示信息和/或报告时间信息。第一指示信息用于第一用户面网元确定是否延迟报告第一数据。报告时间信息用于指示第一用户面网元确定报告第一数据的时间。
作为一种示例，上述第一消息可以是订阅消息，数据分析网元可以通过Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe服务操作向第一用户面网元发送订阅消息，用以订阅所需的数据。
值得说明的是，若第一指示信息指示第一用户面网元不延迟报告第一数据，则第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时向数据分析网元报告第一数据，在这种情况下，第一用户面网元报告第一数据给数据分析网元的过程没有考虑第一用户面网元的性能影响。若第一指示信息指示第一用户面网元延迟报告第一数据，则在第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发后按照报告时间信息报告第一数据，在这种情况下，第一用户面网元报告第一数据给数据分析网元的过程可以考虑第一用户面网元的性能影响，如在第一用户面网元的负载轻于一定阈值的情况下再向第一数据分析网元发送第一数据，从而降低了第一数据上报过程带给第一用户面网元的性能影响。
步骤502、第一用户面网元获取第一数据。
步骤503、第一用户面网元根据第一报告信息向数据分析网元报告第一数据，相 应的，数据分析网元接收来自第一用户面网元的第一数据。
作为一种示例，上述第一用户面网元可以通过Nupf_EventExposure_Notify服务操作向数据分析网元发送第一数据。
比如说第一报告信息包括第一指示信息的情况下，若第一指示信息指示不延迟报告第一数据的情况下，则第一用户面网元在收集到的第一数据之后，如果检测到第一事件被触发则立刻向数据分析网元报告第一数据。
比如说第一报告信息包括第一指示信息的情况下，若第一指示信息指示延迟报告第一数据的情况下，则第一用户面网元在收集到的第一数据之后，如果检测到第一事件被触发则可以按照报告时间信息向数据分析网元上报第一数据。比如，根据报告时间信息要求，第一用户面网元可以等到第一用户面网元的负载较轻的时候再向数据分析网元报告第一数据。
本申请实施例提供的数据报告方法中，由数据分析网元向第一用户面网元提供第一报告信息，由于该第一报告信息包括第一指示信息和/或报告时间信息，第一指示信息用于第一用户面网元确定是否可以延迟报告第一数据，这样可以使得第一用户面网元基于数据分析网元的指示确定可以或者不可以延迟报告第一数据，在可以延迟报告第一数据的情况下，对于第一用户面网元而言其可以无需在检测到第一事件被触发时立刻向数据分析网元报告第一数据，而是可以自主选择在其负载较轻时向第一数据分析网元报告第一数据，从而降低了报告数据对第一用户面网元性能的影响。由于报告时间信息用于指示第一用户面网元确定报告第一数据的时间。这样可以使得第一用户面网元基于数据分析网元所指示的报告时间报告第一数据，实现了数据报告的灵活性，另外也可以降低报告数据对第一用户面网元性能的影响。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一消息中还包括第一事件标识。第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型。第一数据是第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时产生的一个或多个用户面数据类型对应的数据。
值得解释的是，第一事件(Event)用于描述(第一)用户面网元上特定对象(如UE、QoS Flow流、UPF、Application ID、AoI、S-NSSAI等)的状态发生变化时的信息记录，如果当第一事件被触发，那么(第一)用户面网元上就会产生这些特定对象的数据，响应地，(第一)用户面网元记录这些特定对象的数据，其中，第一事件可以通过事件标识(Event ID)进行标识，并且每个第一事件还可选配套有事件过滤信息(Event Filter)、事件报告的目标(Target of Event Reporting)、事件报告信息(Event Reporting Information)，参见上述描述，此处不再赘述。示例性的，如果第一事件为QoS流级信息(QoS Flow Level Info)，那么(第一)用户面网元会在QoS流(QoS Flow)建立后，记录该QoS流对应的数据，如QoS流比特率(QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay),包传输个数(Number of Packet transmission),包重传个数(Packet retransmission),丢包率(Packet loss rate),包错误率(Packet error rate)。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一事件标识可以关联一个或者多个用户面数据类型，以第一事件标识关联的一个或多个用户面数据类型包括QoS流比特率(QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay),包传输个数(Number of Packet transmission),包重传个数(Packet retransmission),丢包率(Packet loss rate),包错误率(Packet error  rate)为例，对于数据分析网元而言，其可能并不需要获取第一事件标识关联的一个或多个用户面数据类型中的全部数据，其只需要获取部分用户面数据类型的数据，则一方面，数据分析网元可以向第一用户面网元提供第二指示信息。其中，第二指示信息用于指示数据分析网元请求获取第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型中的至少一个用户面数据类型的数据。比如说，第二指示信息包括一个或多个指示符，一个指示符关联用户面数据类型，指示符用于指示其关联的用户面类型是否有效。比如指示符为第一指示符，则表示用户面数据类型有效，即需要提供该用户面数据类型的数据。指示符为第二指示符，则表示用户面数据类型无效，即不需要提供该用户面数据类型的数据。比如，第一指示符可以为1，第二指示符可以为0，则第二指示信息示例性的可以为{1,1,0,1,0}这样表示NWDAF网元希望第一用户面网元提供QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay以及Packet loss rate等用户面数据类型的数据。或者数据分析网元可以根据第一事件标识标识的一个或多个用户面数据类型确定第二事件标识，该第二事件标识所关联的用户面数据类型为第一事件标识标识的一个或多个用户面数据类型中的部分用户面数据类型。在这种情况下，第二指示信息可以为第二事件标识。比如，第二事件标识所关联的用户面类型可以包括QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay以及Packet loss rate等用户面数据类型。
可选的，在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一消息中还包括第二指示信息。其中，第二指示信息用于指示数据分析网元请求获取第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型中的至少一个用户面数据类型的数据。相应的，上述步骤502中，第一用户面网元根据第一报告信息向第一用户面网元报告第一数据，包括：第一用户面网元根据第二指示信息，获取至少一个用户面数据类型的数据，以及根据第一报告信息向数据分析网元报告至少一个用户面数据类型的数据。相应的，数据分析网元接收来自第一用户面网元的第一数据，包括：数据分析网元接收来自第一用户面网元提供的至少一个用户面数据类型的数据。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，第一报告信息包括以下信息中的一个或多个：第三指示信息，用于指示第一用户面网元在第一用户面网元的负载低于预设阈值时向数据分析网元报告第一数据。第一负载阈值，用于第一用户面网元确定在第一用户面网元的负载低于第一负载阈值时向数据分析网元报告第一数据。
由于第一用户面网元的主要功能是用户面数据(报文)的转发，当网络拥塞时，或者要转发的数据较多，会导致第一用户面网元的自身负载较重，可能无法完成数据收集和报告的任务，因此通过指示第一用户面网元在负载符合要求(比如，低于预设阈值，或者第一负载阈值)的情况下，再报告第一数据，可以降低数据报告对第一用户面网元性能的影响。
在本申请的一个可能的实施例，报告时间信息包括第一起始时间信息以及第一结束时间信息，第一起始时间信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告第一数据的开始时间，第一结束时间信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告数据的第一结束时间；或者，报告时间信息包括截止时间信息，截止时间信息用于指示数据分析网元在截止时间信息之前开始报告第一数据或者在截止时间信息之前报告完成第一数据；或者，报告时间信息包括第二起始时间信息以及时间长度信息，第一起始 时间信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告第一数据的开始时间，时间长度信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告数据的时间长度；或者，报告时间信息包括时间窗信息，时间窗信息用于第一用户面网元确定向数据分析网元报告数据的第三开始时间和第二结束时间。
可选的，第一起始时间信息和第一结束时间信息可以指示一个时间窗，该时间窗也可以称之为时间段，该时间段可以是一个连续的时间段也可以是非连续的时间段，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
可选的，第一起始时间信息和时间长度信息可以指示一个时间窗，该时间窗也可以称之为时间段，该时间段可以是一个连续的时间段也可以是非连续的时间段，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
可选的，第一用户面网元在第一起始时间信息以及第一结束时间信息所确定的时间窗内的负载低于预设负载阈值。由于数据分析网元可以提供网元负载的预测分析结果，因此数据分析网元可以根据预测到的第一用户面网元的负载情况，获知第一用户面网元负载较轻的时间段，并将该负载较轻的时间段的起始时间信息作为第一起始时间信息，将该负载较轻的时间段的长度作为第一结束时间信息提供给第一用户面网元，或者数据分析网元也可以从第一用户面网元处或者其他网元处获取第一用户面网元负载较轻的时间段。
可选的，该报告时间信息用于指示第一用户面网元在第一起始时间信息以及第一结束时间信息所确定的时间窗内的完成第一数据的报告，也可以理解为报告完成第一数据。
本申请实施例提供的方法可以适用于如下场景：
场景1、从第一用户面网元处获取特定终端(比如，第一终端)的数据，那么在本申请的一个可能的实施例中，在数据分析网元需要获取特定终端(比如第一终端)的数据的情况下，第一消息还包括第一终端的信息，相应的，第一消息用于请求第一终端对应的第一数据。或者数据分析网元在除第一消息之外的其他消息中向第一用户面网元提供第一终端的信息。
示例性的，第一终端的信息用于识别第一终端，第一终端的信息可以是第一终端的标识，比如，SUPI。
可以理解的是，在场景1中，如果第一消息中包括第一事件标识，则第一用户面网元可以向数据分析网元提供的第一数据包括第一终端的数据中包括第一事件标识关联的一个或多个用户面数据类型的数据。
场景2、从第一用户面网元处获取感兴趣区域的数据，那么在本申请的一个可能的实施例中，第一消息中还可以包括AoI的信息或者切片的信息或者特定应用的信息，用于指示第一用户面网元向数据分析网元提供目标终端的数据。比如，目标终端即为位于AoI的信息指示的服务区域的全部终端或者使用切片的信息指示的切片的全部终端，或者访问该特定应用的全部终端。
可以理解的是，在场景2中，如果第一消息中包括第一事件标识，则第一用户面网元可以向数据分析网元提供的第一数据包括目标终端的数据中包括第一事件标识关联的一个或多个用户面数据类型的数据。
在本申请提供的一种可能的实施例中，本申请实施例提供的方法还包括：数据分析网元向第一用户面网元发送第二消息，相应的，第一用户面网元接收来自数据分析网元的第二消息。其中，第二消息中包括第一事件标识以及第二终端的信息，第二消息用于请求第二终端对应的第二数据，第二数据是第二终端对应的第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时产生的数据。数据分析网元从第一用户面网元接收第二终端对应的第二数据。
在本申请提供的一种可能的实施例中，第二消息包括第一事件报告信息，本申请实施例提供的方法还包括：第一用户面网元按照第一事件报告信息向数据分析网元发送第一响应，相应的，数据分析网元接收来自第一用户面网元发送的第一响应，第一响应包括第一终端对应的第一数据以及第二终端对应的第二数据。该方案可以实现第一用户面网元可以将来自同一个数据分析网元的两个终端的数据订阅请求(比如第一消息和第二消息)对应的事件通知聚合到同一个响应中转发给数据分析网元，即在同一个响应消息中携带两个终端分别对应的数据。
在本申请的一个可能的实施例中，如图6所示，图6示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种通信方法，该方法包括：
步骤601、消费者网元向数据分析网元发送数据分析请求。相应的，数据分析网元从消费者网元处获取数据分析请求。数据分析请求中包括第一分析标识。其中，数据分析请求用于请求第一分析标识对应的分析结果或者机器学习模型。
作为一种示例，该消费者网元可以向数据分析网元发送数据分析请求，该数据分析请求包括第一分析标识(Analytics ID)。作为一种示例，数据分析请求用于请求第一分析标识对应的分析结果(analytics)或者机器学习模型(ML model，Machine Learning model)。
作为一种示例，消费者网元可以采用订阅的方式向数据分析网元订阅第一分析标识对应的分析结果或者机器学习模型。那么数据分析请求可以是订阅/请求分析结果的Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe或者Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request Request服务操作。或者数据分析请求为消费者网元向数据分析网元发送的用于订阅/请求机器学习模型的Nnwdaf_MLModelProvisioning_Subscribe or Nnwdaf_MLModelInfo_Request Request服务操作。本申请实施例对此不做限定。
作为一种示例，上述数据分析请求中还可以携带：分析过滤信息、分析报告对象信息以及分析报告信息中的一个或多个：
-分析过滤(Analytics Filter)信息：用于指示NWDAF网元生成分析结果的范围，如感兴趣区域(Area of Interest，AoI)、应用标识(Application ID)、切片标识(比如，单网络切片选择辅助信息(Single Network Slice Selection Assistance Information，S-NSSAI))。如Analytics Filter＝S-NSSAI，表示NWDAF需要获取特定切片内的数据，分析结果也仅适用于该切片，又如ML Model Filter＝AoI，表示NWDAF需要获取特定感兴趣区域(由一组TA/cell ID标识)内的数据，并且训练得到的ML模型也仅适用于该区域。
-分析报告对象(Target of Analytics Reporting)信息：用于指示NWDAF网元生成分析结果的对象，如UE ID针对单个终端、UE Group ID(Internal group ID，内部 群组标识)针对终端群组、Any UE针对(区域内或者切片内)任意终端。如Target of Analytics Reporting＝UE ID，表示NWDAF网元需要收集UE ID标识的特定终端的数据，并且分析结果也仅适用于该终端。又如Target of ML Model Reporting＝Any UE，表示NWDAF网元需要收集ML Model Filter限定的范围内的所有终端的数据，并且训练得到的ML模型也适用于该范围内的所有终端。
-分析报告(Analytics Reporting)信息：用于指示NWDAF网元报告分析结果的方法，如周期性上报指示信息、周期信息等。
作为一种示例，上述Nnwdaf_MLModelProvisioning_Subscribe或者Nnwdaf_MLModelInfo_Request Request服务操作中还可以携带如下信息：
-机器学习模型过滤(ML Model Filter)信息：用于指示NWDAF生成机器学习模型信息的范围，如区域AoI、应用标识Application ID、切片标识S-NSSAI；
-机器学习模型报告对象(Target of ML Model Reporting)信息：用于指示NWDAF生成机器学习模型信息的对象，如UE ID针对单个终端、UE Group ID(Internal group ID，内部群组标识)针对终端群组、Any UE针对(区域内或者切片内)任意终端；
-机器学习模型报告(ML Model Reporting)信息：用于指示NWDAF报告机器学习模型信息的方法，如周期性上报指示信息、周期信息等。
步骤602、数据分析网元根据第一分析标识，得到第一事件标识。
值得解释的是，数据分析网元在步骤601接收到数据分析请求后，明确生成第一分析标识对应的分析结果或者机器学习模型需要用户面网元上一个或多个用户面数据类型对应的数据，为获取这些数据，数据分析网元首先确定这些一个或多个用户面数据类型对应的第一事件标识。
步骤603、数据分析网元根据第一事件标识从第一网元处获取支持第一事件标识的一个或多个用户面网元的信息。其中，一个或多个用户面网元中包括第一用户面网元。
其中，第一网元中至少具有支持第一事件标识的一个或多个用户面网元的相关信息。
下述将分别通过三种实现方式描述步骤602的具体实现：
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，数据分析网元中具有一个或多个分析标识中每个分析标识与事件标识的关联信息，相应的，上述步骤602可以通过以下方式一实现：数据分析网元根据关联信息，将第一分析标识关联的事件标识确定为第一事件标识，一个或多个分析标识包括第一分析标识。
举例说明，在方式一中：数据分析网元可以为每个需要UPF数据的分析标识(Analytics ID)定义一个事件标识(Event ID)，即Event ID与Analytics ID是一对一的关系，其中，每个Event ID对应一个用户面数据类型集合(通常包括一个或多个用户面数据类型)，即一个Event ID对应一个或多个用户面数据类型。本申请实施例对用户面数据类型集合中包括具体哪些用户面数据类型不做完整性定义。本申请实施例中用户面数据类型也可以称之为UPF数据类型。
例如，数据分析网元为了得到业务体验分析结果(Analytics ID＝"Service Experience")，需要从AF网元收集业务体验相关数据、从核心网网元(AMF网元/SMF 网元/UPF网元)收集QoS flow级别的网络数据以及从OAM网元收集UE级别的QoS相关数据，其中就包含了需要从UPF网元收集的数据，如表3所示：
表3
因此可以对应Analytics ID＝"Service Experience"定义一个从UPF网元收集数据的Event ID，即Event ID＝"Service Experience related UPF Data"，该Event ID对应的需要从UPF网元收集的数据类型集合包括QoS flow Bit Rate、QoS flow Packet Delay、Packet transmission、Packet retransmission，但是该Event ID对应的数据类型集合又不限于上述四种数据类型，也可以包含其他数据类型，例如丢包率(Packet loss rate)、错包率(Packet error rate)等，具体需要哪些数据类型由算法、模型训练过程中特征选择决定，无法详细完整地定义每个Event ID对应的UPF数据类型。因此，实际上Event ID＝"Service Experience related UPF Data"对应的数据类型集合由NWDAF网元在进行数据处理以及模型训练过程动态确定。例如，NWDAF网元在模型训练阶段发现使用Event ID＝"Service Experience related UPF Data"对应的UPF数据类型集合A训练出的模型准确度不高，则NWDAF网元可以在UPF数据类型集合A中添加若干个新的UPF数据类型，组成UPF数据类型集合B。之后，NWDAF网元可以根据UPF数据类型集合B从用户面网元处重新收集数据以训练新的模型。
又例如，NWDAF网元为了得到终端的通信分析结果(Analytics ID＝"UE Communication")，需要从SMF网元/AF网元收集终端的会话相关数据、从AMF网元收集终端的位置信息、终端的连接状态等数据，以及从UPF网元处收集终端的通信数据，如表4所示：
表4
因此，可以对应Analytics ID＝"UE Communication"定义一个从UPF网元收集数据的事件标识(Event ID)，即Event ID＝"UE Communication related UPF Data"，该Event ID对应的需要从UPF网元收集的用户面数据类型集合包括但不限于Communication start time，Communication stop time，UL data rate，DL data rate，Traffic  volume。
在本申请的另一个可能的实现方式二中，上述步骤602可以通过以下方式实现：数据分析网元将第一分析标识确定为第一事件标识。
方式二，即无需定义UPF网元的Event ID，直接用需要UPF数据的Analytics ID代替UPF网元的Event ID。即后续NWDAF网元向第一用户面网元请求数据时，携带的Event ID即为Analytics ID。例如，当Analytics ID＝"Service Experience"，NWDAF网元确定需要向第一用户面网元请求QoS flow Bit Rate、QoS flow Packet Delay、Packet transmission、Packet retransmission等信息(类似于方式一，不限于这些信息，也可能包含Packet loss rate、Packet error rate等信息，具体包含哪些信息由NWDAF确定)，NWDAF网元直接在向第一用户面网元发送的订阅消息中携带该Analytics ID，则第一用户面网元就能够理解需要收集该Analytics ID对应的相关UPF数据(假定NWDAF确定第一用户面网元即为能够提供所有NWDAF需要的UPF数据类型的用户面网元)。
在本申请的再一个可能的实现方式三中，数据分析网元中具有一个或多个数据粒度中每个数据粒度与事件标识的关联信息，上述步骤602可以通过以下方式实现：数据分析网元根据第一分析标识确定从用户面网元处收集的数据为第一数据粒度；
数据分析网元将关联信息中与第一数据粒度关联的事件标识确定为第一事件标识，第一数据粒度属于一个或多个数据粒度。
方式三：可以按照UPF采集数据的不同粒度定义Event ID。由于NWDAF网元从UPF网元处收集的数据可以划分为不同的粒度，如网元粒度(NF level)、UE粒度(UE level)、PDU会话粒度(PDU Session Level)和QoS flow粒度(QoS flow level)等。因此可以按照不同的粒度来定义不同的Event ID，例如，-Event ID＝"NF Level UPF data"：Traffic usage report,…-Event ID＝"UE Level UPF data"：UE communication(Communication start,Communication stop,UL data rate,DL data rate,Traffic volume),…-Event ID＝"PDU Session Level UPF data"：N4Session ID,Inactivity detection time,…-Event ID＝"QoS Flow Level UPF data"：QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay,Packet transmission,Packet retransmission,…同样地，不限定每个Event ID包含的具体的数据类型，即每个Event ID对应的数据类型集合是可以扩展的。并且，每个Event ID可能包含多个Analytics ID对应的UPF数据类型。
因为每个Analytics ID可能包含不同粒度的UPF数据类型，因此需要将Analytics ID映射为相应的一个或多个Event ID(由此可见，Analytics ID和Event ID是多对多的关系)。例如，当Analytics ID＝"Dispersion Analytics"，NWDAF需要从UPF收集的数据包括应用粒度和UE粒度，因此，该Analytics ID可以映射为(Event ID＝"UE Level UPF data",Event ID＝"Application Level UPF data")。对于映射得到的每个Event ID，因为该Event ID对应多种数据类型，但是Analytics ID映射过来的数据类型可能只是这多种UPF数据类型其中一部分，因此可以使用第二指示信息(比如，“list of event subsets that are requested”参数)指示需要获取的该Event ID中的具体的数据类型。如表5所示。
表5

在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，上述步骤603可以通过以下方式实现：数据分析网元向第一网元发送第二消息，相应的，第一网元接收来自数据分析网元的第二消息。其中，第二消息中携带第一事件标识，第二消息用于请求第一网元提供支持第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息。第一网元根据第二消息，确定一个或多个支持第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息。第一网元向数据分析网元提供一个或多个用户面网元的信息，相应的，数据分析网元接收来自第一网元的一个或多个用户面网元的信息。
作为一种示例，第一网元可以为如图2所示的SMF网元，或者如图3所示的NRF网元或者UDM网元。
举例说明，以第一网元为UDM网元或者SMF网元为例，在数据分析网元向UDM网元或者SMF网元请求查询支持第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息时，还可以携带第一终端的标识，这样便于SMF网元或者UDM网元确定是否具有为第一终端提供服务的第一用户面网元的相关信息。
在SMF网元或者UDM网元确定具有第一用户面网元的相关信息的情况下，则表明第一用户面网元已将第一用户面网元的相关信息注册到了SMF网元或者UDM网元，这时SMF网元或者UDM网元可以判断第一用户面网元支持的一个或多个事件标识中是否包括第一事件标识。在第一用户面网元支持的一个或多个事件标识中包括第一事件标识的情况下，SMF网元或者UDM网元可以将该第一用户面网元的信息或者第一用户面网元的相关信息提供给数据分析网元。在SMF网元或者UDM网元确定不具有第一用户面网元的相关信息，且第一用户面网元未向第一网元注册第一用户面网元的相关信息的情况下，则第一网元可以请求第一用户面网元向第一网元提供第一用户面网元的相关信息。
在第一用户面网元支持的一个或多个事件标识中不包括第一事件标识，或者一个或多个事件标识所关联的用户面数据类型仅包括第一事件标识中的部分用户面数据类型的情况下，SMF网元或者UDM网元可以确定不存在支持第一事件标识的第一用户面网元，这时SMF网元或者UDM网元可以向数据分析网元反馈查询结果，即指示不具有支持第一事件标识的第一用户面网元。或者SMF网元或者UDM网元可以重新为第一终端选择一个支持第一事件标识的用户面网元(比如，第三用户面网元)，然后将第三用户面网元的信息或者第三用户面网元的相关信息提供给数据分析网元。
具体地，NWDAF通过Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request服务操作向NRF网元发送第二消息，或者第二消息即为Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request服务操作，用以发现可以提供所需数据的UPF。可选的，第二消息中携带NF Type＝UPF,AoI或者S-NSSAI或者应用等信息，用以NRF网元匹配符合条件的UPF网元的信息。
在本申请的一个可能的实施例中，本申请实施例提供的方法在步骤601之前还可以包括：用户面网元将用户面网元的相关信息注册到第一网元中。具体为：用户面网元向第一网元发送携带用户面网元的相关信息的第六消息。
可选的，在第一网元是为第一终端服务的SMF网元或者UDM网元的情况下，第 六消息中还可以携带第一终端的标识信息，本申请实施例对此不做限定。可以理解的是，在第一网元是为第一终端服务的SMF网元或者UDM网元的情况下，该第一用户面网元可以提供单个终端(比如第一终端)的数据。比如第一终端的数据即为第一事件标识关联的一个或多个用户面数据类型的数据。
作为一种示例，用户面网元的相关信息可以包括该用户面网元支持的一个或多个事件标识。可选的，用户面网元的相关信息还可以包括以下信息中的一个或多个：该用户面网元服务的服务区域的信息、切片的信息或者网元类型。比如，用户面网元的网元类型即为用户面网元。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，用户面网元可以基于第一网元的触发，再将用户面网元的相关信息注册到第一网元中，或者用户面网元可以主动将用户面网元的相关信息注册到第一网元中，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
在本申请的一个可能的实施例中，在步骤603之后，如图6所示，本申请实施例提供的方法还可以包括：
步骤604、数据分析网元从第一用户面网元处获取第一数据。
步骤604的具体实现可以参考上述图5所示的实施例，此处不再赘述。具体的，数据分析网元向第一用户面网元发送包括第一事件标识的请求/订阅消息。该请求/订阅消息用于请求第一用户面网元提供第一事件标识关联的至少一个用户面数据类型的数据。
步骤605、数据分析网元根据第一数据得到分析结果或者ML模型。
关于数据分析网元如何根据第一数据得到分析结果(如基于第一数据以及ML模型推理确定分析结果)或者ML模型(如基于第一数据训练ML模型)的过程可以参考现有技术中的描述，此处不再赘述。
步骤606、数据分析网元向消费者网元提供分析结果或者ML模型。
可以理解的是，假设在步骤601中消费者网元向数据分析网元请求的是分析结果，则数据分析网元向消费者网元提供分析结果。假设在步骤601中消费者网元向数据分析网元请求的是ML模型，则数据分析网元向消费者网元提供ML模型。
值得说明的是，上述图5和图6所示的实施例可以结合使用，比如，在先执行步骤601～步骤603再执行步骤501～步骤503。或者图5和图6所示的实施例可以单独使用，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
下述以用户面网元为UPF网元，以数据分析网元为NWDAF网元，第一网元为NRF网元为例，从如下两个阶段描述本申请实施例提供的一种数据报告方法的具体实施例。
一、注册阶段，即UPF网元向NRF网元注册该UPF网元的相关信息的过程，包括下述步骤701和步骤702。
步骤701.UPF网元向NRF网元发送第一服务操作，相应的，NRF网元接收来自UPF网元的第一服务操作。其中，第一服务操作中携带有UPF的相关信息。第一服务操作用于请求在NRF网元中注册该UPF的相关信息。
可选的，第一服务操作中还可以携带指示信息，该指示信息用于指示在NRF网元中注册该UPF的相关信息。
作为一种示例，该UPF的相关信息包括该UPF网元的支持的一个或多个事件标识，其中每一个事件标识对应一个数据类型集合，例如Event ID 1＝(QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay,Packet transmission,Packet retransmission)，如果UPF网元的supported Event ID中包含Event ID 1，则说明UPF网元支持提供Event ID 1对应的一组数据类型。
可选的，UPF的相关信息中还包括以下信息中的一个或多个：网元类型(NF type)，网元实例标识(NF instance ID)，网元的地址，以及网元的服务区域信息(Serving Area information)。
比如，UPF网元的网元类型可以为NF type＝UPF网元。网元实例标识，用于标识一个具体的网元实例。网元的地址，可以是完全限定域名(Fully Qualified Domain Name，FQDN)，也可以是IP地址。网元的服务区域信息，可以是地理区域，如由一个或多个TA/cell ID组成，也可以是网络区域，如由一个或多个S-NSSAI/数据网络名称(data network name，DNN)/应用标识(App ID)组成。
作为一种示例，第一服务操作可以是Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister Request服务操作。
在本申请的一个可能的实现方式中，UPF网元可以在NRF网元的触发下，开始执行步骤701，或者UPF网元主动将UPF网元的相关信息注册到NRF网元中，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
可选的，在步骤701之后还可以包括步骤702：NRF网元向UPF网元发送响应消息，相应的，UPF网元接收来自NRF网元的响应消息。其中，该响应消息用于表示UPF网元的相关信息注册成功/失败。
作为一种示例，上述响应消息可以是Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister Response服务操作。可选的，该Nnrf_NFManagement_NFRegister Response服务操作中可以携带一个结果指示(Result indication)，以指示网元的相关注册成功/失败。
可选的，在网元的相关信息注册信息成功的情况下，NRF网元可以无需向UPF网元发送响应消息，在网元的相关信息注册失败的情况下，NRF网元可以向UPF网元发送响应消息，此时该响应消息中可以携带指示注册失败的结果指示。这样对于UPF网元而言，其如果接收到响应消息便可以知晓注册失败。可选的，NRF网元还可以向UPF网元提供注册失败的原因。
可选的，上述第一服务操作中还可以携带注册指示，该注册指示用于指示NRF网元向UPF网元提供注册成功/失败的指示。可选的，注册指示用于指示在注册失败的情况下，向UPF网元提供指示注册失败的结果指示。或者，注册指示用于指示在注册成功的情况下，向UPF网元提供注册成功的结果指示。或者注册指示用于指示在注册成功的情况下，无需回复响应消息，而在注册失败的情况下回复响应消息。这样对于UPF网元而言，若接收到响应消息便可以确认该UPF的相关信息已注册失败，如果未接收到响应消息便可以确认注册成功。或者注册指示用于指示在注册失败的情况下无需回复响应消息，而在注册成功的情况下回复响应消息。这样对于UPF网元而言，若接收到响应消息便可以确认该UPF的相关信息已注册成功，如果未接收到响应消息便可以确认注册失败。
上述以注册指示携带在第一服务操作中为例进行说明，当然上述注册指示也可以携带在除第一服务操作之外的消息中，本申请实施例对此不做限定。
可选的，除了上述由UPF网元指示NRF网元是否反馈响应消息外，UPF网元也可以和NRF网元协商是否反馈响应消息。或者NRF网元中配置有响应机制，比如，注册成功则反馈响应消息，注册失败则不反馈响应消息。或者注册失败则反馈响应消息，而注册成功则不反馈响应消息，或者无论注册成功还是失败均反馈响应消息，只不过不同情况下响应消息的作用不同。
可以理解的是，任一个UPF网元均可以通过上述步骤701向NRF网元注册该UPF网元的相关信息，之后NRF网元中便可以具有一个或多个UPF网元的相关信息。或者，NRF网元可以将一个或多个UPF网元的相关信息存储在其他网元(比如，UDM网元)中。针对NRF网元将一个或多个UPF网元的相关信息存储在其他网元的情况中，后续NRF网元可以从UDM网元处获取符合NWDAF网元的搜索条件的一个或多个UPF网元的信息。
二、数据获取阶段，比如，步骤703～步骤713。
步骤703、消费者网元向数据分析网元发送第二服务操作(对应上述步骤601中的数据分析请求)。相应的，数据分析网元接收来自消费者网元的第二服务操作。
其中，第二服务操作中携带第一分析标识(Analytics ID)，该第二服务操作用于请求获取第一分析标识对应的分析结果或者机器学习模型。
作为一种示例，第二服务操作可以是消费者网元向NWDAF网元发送的用于订阅/请求分析结果的Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Subscribe or Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request Request服务操作。或者第二服务操作为消费者网元向NWDAF网元发送的用于订阅/请求机器学习模型的Nnwdaf_MLModelProvisioning_Subscribe or Nnwdaf_MLModelInfo_Request Request服务操作。
Analytics ID：分析标识，用于标识一种数据分析类型。如Analytics ID＝"Service Experience"，表示业务体验分析结果，又如Analytics ID＝"NF load information"，表示网元负载分析结果；
可选的，第二服务操作携带的其他信息可以参考上述实施例中数据分析请求携带的信息，此处不再赘述。
可选的，在图7所示的实施例中，Target of Analytics Reporting/Target of ML Model Reporting＝Any UE。
步骤704、NWDAF网元根据第一分析标识，确定需要从UPF网元处收集数据，则NWDAF网元根据第一分析标识得到第一事件标识。
步骤705、NWDAF网元向NRF网元发送第三服务操作，相应的，NRF网元接收来自NWDAF网元的第三服务操作。
其中，第三服务操作中携带搜索条件，比如，搜索条件可以包括第一事件标识。第三服务操作用于请求NRF网元提供支持第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息。
可选的，第三服务操作中携带有指示信息a，该指示信息a用于指示NRF网元提供支持第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息。
可选的，第三服务操作可以为Nnrf_NFDiscovery_Request服务操作。
可选的，搜索条件中还可以携带NF Type＝UPF，AoI or S-NSSAI等信息，用以NRF网元匹配符合条件的UPF网元。
步骤706、NRF网元根据第三服务操作，确定符合NWDAF网元的搜索条件的一个或多个UPF网元的信息。
作为一种示例，NWDAF提供了第一事件标识作为搜索条件，该第一事件标识可能包含了一个或多个不同的Event ID，如(Event ID 1,Event ID 2)，则NRF网元就需要根据UPF网元的注册信息中的supported Event ID信息，找出supported Event ID能够包含Event ID 1和Event ID 2的UPF网元，比如，UPF网元1和UPF网元2。
例如，NWDAF提供了AoI信息作为搜索条件，该AoI信息指示了如下区域：(cell1,cell2,cell3)，则NRF网元就需要根据UPF的注册信息中的服务区域信息，找出服务区域能够覆盖(cell 1,cell2,cell3)的UPF网元，比如UPF网元1和UPF网元3。
举例说明，在NWDAF提供了第一事件标识和AoI信息作为搜索条件的情况下，NRF网元所找出的符合NWDAF搜索条件的一个或多个UPF网元的信息即为UPF网元1的信息。
可以理解的是，当NWDAF同时提供了NF Type＝UPF,AoI or S-NSSAI,Event ID中的多个信息时，则NRF网元匹配出的UPF需要同时能够满足上述所有条件。
步骤707、NRF网元向NWDAF网元发送第四服务操作。相应的，NWDAF网元接收来自NRF网元的第四服务操作。其中，第四服务操作用于NWDAF网元确定能够支持第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息。
可选的，第四服务操作中携带符合NWDAF网元的搜索条件的一个或多个用户面网元的信息。比如用户面网元的信息可以是该用户面网元的ID和/或IP地址等信息。
可选的，第四服务操作中可以携带在NRF网元处注册到的所有UPF网元的相关信息，这时，NWDAF网元在接收到所有UPF网元的相关信息的情况下，NWDAF网元可以从中获取支持第一事件标识的一个或多个用户面网元的信息。比如，NRF网元所提供的UPF网元的相关信息包括UPF网元1的相关信息～UPF网元7的相关信息，其中，UPF网元1的相关信息、UPF网元3的相关信息以及UPF网元4的相关信息中包括第一事件标识，而其他UPF网元的相关信息中不包括第一事件标识，这时NWDAF网元便可以确定UPF网元1、UPF网元3以及UPF网元4支持第一事件标识，即可以提供第一事件标识所指示的用户面数据的数据类型。
可选的，在第三服务操作中未携带第一事件标识，只携带NF Type＝UPF的情况下，则NRF网元可以向NWDAF网元提供所有UPF网元的相关信息。可选的，在第三服务操作中未携带第一事件标识，只携带AoI信息的情况下，则NRF网元可以向NWDAF网元提供所有可以覆盖AoI信息指示的服务区域的一个或多个UPF网元的相关信息。这样对于NWDAF网元而言，其可以根据第一事件标识，从所有可以覆盖AoI信息指示的服务区域的一个或多个UPF网元的相关信息中找出支持第一事件标识的一组UPF网元的信息。
可选的，在第三服务操作中还可以携带用于指示NRF网元报告UPF网元的相关信息的指示。
或者NRF网元默认在NWDAF网元请求UPF网元的信息的过程中，向NWDAF网元提供符合搜索条件的一个或多个UPF网元的相关信息。
或者在第三服务操作中包括第一事件标识，但不包括NF Type＝UPF，AoI or S-NSSAI等信息的情况下，第三服务操作中还可以携带用于指示向NWDAF网元提供UPF网元的相关信息。这是由于支持第一事件标识的UPF网元，可能服务区域并不包括消费者网元所需要的服务区域。或者支持第一事件标识的网元，其可能并不是UPF网元，因此通过向NWDAF网元提供UPF网元的相关信息可以便于NWDAF网元选择更符合消费者网元需求的第一UPF网元。
可选的，NRF网元除了向NWDAF网元提供一个或多个UPF网元的信息外，还可以提供每个UPF网元的相关信息中除UPF网元的信息外的其他信息。
可选的，在第三服务操作中携带第一事件标识、NF Type＝UPF，AoI or S-NSSAI等信息的情况下，可以由NRF网元根据NWDAF网元提供的搜索条件进行搜索，这时为了降低信令开销，NRF网元可以向NWDAF网元提供符合所有搜索条件的UPF网元的信息，当然，也可以进一步提供UPF网元的相关信息。
步骤708、NWDAF网元从NRF网元提供的符合搜索条件的一个或多个UPF网元的信息中选择第一UPF网元。
举例说明，NRF网元向NWDAF网元所提供的支持第一事件标识的UPF网元的信息包括UPF网元1的信息、UPF网元2的信息以及UPF网元3的信息，但是UPF网元1的服务区域是小区1～小区3，而UPF网元2的服务区域是小区4～小区6，UPF网元3的服务区域是小区3～小区5，而消费者网元所需要的用户面数据为小区1～小区3中的至少2个小区的数据，则NWDAF网元可以确定第一UPF网元为UPF网元1。又例如，如果UPF网元1对应切片1和切片2，UPF网元2对应切片3和切片4，而消费者网元所需要的数据为终端访问切片1和切片2的数据，则NWDAF网元可以确定第一UPF网元为UPF网元1。这样可以使得所选择第一UPF网元可以提供符合消费者网元的需求的数据。
在NRF网元向NWDAF网元所提供的支持第一事件标识的UPF网元中所有UPF网元的服务区域或者切片均包括消费者网元所需要的服务区域或者切片的情况下，NWDAF网元可以从所有UPF网元中任选一个UPF网元作为第一UPF网元，或者也可以由NWDAF网元根据各个UPF网元的负载情况从中选择一个UPF网元作为第一UPF网元。比如，在得到所有UPF网元的信息的情况下，NWDAF网元可以向各个UPF网元请求各个UPF网元的负载，然后从中选择负载低于预设负载阈值的UPF网元作为第一UPF网元。
步骤709、NWDAF网元向第一UPF网元发送第五服务操作，相应的，第一UPF网元接收来自NWDAF网元的第五服务操作。其中，第五服务操作中可以携带第一事件标识。第五服务操作用于向第一UPF网元请求/订阅第一事件标识所指示的一个或多个数据类型的数据。
作为一种示例，第五服务操作可以是Nupf_EventExposure_Subscribe服务操作。
可选的，第五服务操作中还可以携带事件过滤信息(Event Filter)，比如，Event Filter＝AoI or S-NSSAI。通过在第五服务操作中携带事件过滤信息便于第一UPF网元 提供符合事件过滤信息的数据。比如，AoI指示小区1和小区2，第一事件标识的数据类型集合为(QoS flow Bit Rate，QoS flow Packet Delay,Packet transmission,Packet retransmission，Packet loss rate，Packet error rate)，则第一UPF网元可以向NWDAF网元提供小区1和小区2中的QoS flow Bit Rate，QoS flow Packet Delay,Packet transmission，Packet retransmission，Packet loss rate，Packet error rate等数据。
可选的，事件过滤信息还可以包括时间段信息，用于指示第一UPF网元提供该时间段信息指示的时间段内的相关数据。
具体的，NWDAF网元向第一UPF网元提供的事件过滤信息可以由消费者网元所提供的AoI信息或者S-NSSAI确定，比如NWDAF网元向第一UPF网元提供的事件过滤信息即为消费者网元所提供的AoI信息或者S-NSSAI，或者包括消费者网元所提供的AoI信息或者S-NSSAI。
由于第一事件标识的一个或多个数据类型(比如数据类型集合)中可能包括大量不同的数据类型，但是NWDAF网元可能只想要获取其中部分数据类型的数据，并不想收集全部数据类型的数据。因此，可选的，Event Filter还包含“list of event subsets that are requested”，用于指示要获取的第一事件标识标识的用户面数据类型集合的子集。例如，第一事件标识标识的用户面数据类型集合为(QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay,Packet transmission,Packet retransmission,Packet loss rate,Packet error rate)，“list of event subsets that are requested”的取值为[1,1,1,1,0,0]，表示NWDAF只想要获取(QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay,Packet transmission,Packet retransmission)的数据。这样对于第一UPF网元而言，则无需向NWDAF网元报告Packet loss rate以及Packet error rate的数据。
当然，可选的，NWDAF网元可能只想要获取其中部分数据类型的数据，并不想收集全部数据类型的数据的情况下，第五服务操作中可以携带第一事件标识关联的所有数据类型中的部分数据类型，比如，只携带QoS flow Bit Rate,QoS flow Packet Delay,Packet transmission等数据类型。
可选的，第五服务操作中还可以携带事件报告信息(Event Reporting Information)。
作为一种示例，Event Reporting Information包括：indicator和/或报告时间信息中的至少一个。其中，indicator用于指示第一UPF网元可以延迟或者不可以延迟上报数据给NWDAF。
示例性的，报告时间信息用于指示UPF数据报告的时间条件，包含四种方式。
第一种方式中，NWDAF提供Event Reporting start time,Event Reporting end time信息，Event Reporting start time用于指示数据报告的第一开始时间，Event Reporting end time用于指示数据报告的第一结束时间，第一UPF网元可以在Event Reporting start time和Event Reporting end time指示的第一时间段内将数据发给NWDAF。值得说明的是，当Indicator缺失时，如果Event Reporting start time和Event Reporting end time相同，也就是两个时间间隔为0，Event Reporting start time和Event Reporting end time信息用于指示第一UPF网元无延迟或者直接上报数据给NWDAF。
第二种方式中，NWDAF网元向第一UPF网元提供Deadline信息，其中，Deadline信息用于指示第一UPF网元在Deadline信息指示的时间之前上报数据给NWDAF网元。 或者，Deadline信息用于指示第一UPF网元在判断自身负载较轻(比如，低于为第一UPF网元设置的负载阈值)时，向NWDAF网元报告数据。这是由于UPF网元的主要功能是用户面数据报转发，当网络拥塞时，要转发的数据较多，会导致UPF网元的自身负载较重，可能无法完成数据收集和报告的任务)，但是最晚需要在Deadline之前向NWDAF网元报告数据。这种情况下，NWDAF还可以提供NF Load Threshold，或者NF Load Threshold配置在第一UPF网元处。值得说明的是，当Indicator缺失时，如果Deadline为0，Deadline用于指示第一UPF网元无延迟或者直接上报数据给NWDAF网元。
NF Load Threshold用于辅助第一UPF网元判断第一UPF网元的负载小于该NF Load Threshold时报告数据。
Deadline用于指示第一UPF网元向NWDAF网元报告数据的截止时间(最晚时间)，如果截止时间之前第一UPF网元负载一直大于或等于NF Load Threshold或者大于为第一UPF网元设置的负载阈值，则第一UPF网元也应当在截止时间之前将数据报告给NWDAF网元。
第三种方式中，NWDAF提供Event Reporting start time,Event Reporting duration信息，Event Reporting start time用于指示数据报告的第二开始时间，Event Reporting duration用于指示数据报告的时间长度，第一UPF网元可以在Event Reporting start time和Event Reporting duration指示的第二时间段内将数据发给NWDAF。因为NWDAF可以提供网元负载的预测分析结果，因此Event Reporting start time和Event Reporting duration所指示的第一时间段可以是由NWDAF预测的第一UPF网元的负载较轻的时间段。值得说明的是，当Indicator缺失时，如果Event Reporting duration为0，Event Reporting duration用于指示第一UPF网元无延迟或者直接上报数据给NWDAF。
第四种方式中，NWDAF提供时间窗(reporting time window)信息，时间窗信息用于指示数据报告的第三开始时间和第二结束时间，第一UPF网元可以在reporting time window指示的第三时间段内将数据发给NWDAF。值得说明的是，当Indicator缺失时，如果reporting time window为0，也就是第三时间段为0，reporting time window信息用于指示第一UPF网元无延迟或者直接上报数据给NWDAF。
值得解释的是，步骤709中第五服务操作可以理解为权利要求中的第一消息，事件报告信息可以理解为权利要求中的第一报告信息。
步骤710、第一UPF网元根据NWDAF提供的Event ID,Event Filter以及Target of Event Reporting进行数据收集。
步骤711、第一UPF网元通过第六服务操作向NWDAF网元发送收集到的数据，相应的，NWDAF网元接收来自第一UPF网元的第六服务操作以获取第一UPF网元收集到的数据。
可选的，在第五服务操作中携带Event Reporting Information的情况下，在步骤711之前，本申请实施例提供的方法还可以包括：第一UPF网元根据Event Reporting Information确定向NWDAF网元发送数据的时间(即数据发送时间)。相应的，上述步骤711可以通过以下方式实现：第一UPF网元在所确定的数据发送时间通过第六服务操作向NWDAF网元发送收集到的数据。
比如说，Event Reporting Information为NF Load Threshold，则第一UPF网元确定的 数据发送时间为第一UPF网元的负载低于NF Load Threshold的时间段。Event Reporting Information为Deadline，则第一UPF网元确定截止时间之前的时间即为数据发送时间，或者确定截止时间即为数据发送时间。
例如，第六服务操作可以为Nupf_EventExposure_Notify服务操作。
步骤712、NWDAF网元根据收集的数据推导分析结果或者训练ML模型。
可以理解的是，如果消费者网元所需要的是分析结果，则NWDAF网元根据收集的数据推导分析结果。如果消费者网元所需要的是训练ML模型，则NWDAF网元根据收集的数据训练ML模型。
步骤713、NWDAF网元向消费者网元发送分析结果或者训练ML模型，相应的，消费者网元接收来自NWDAF网元的分析结果或者训练ML模型。
作为一种示例，NWDAF网元通过Nnwdaf_AnalyticsSubscription_Notify or Nnwdaf_AnalyticsInfo_Request Response服务操作向consumer NF发送分析结果。或者NWDAF网元通过Nnwdaf_MLModelProvisioning_Notify或者Nnwdaf_MLModelInfo_Request Response服务操作向consumer NF发送ML模型(或者ML模型文件的地址)。
在实际场景中，消费者网元也可以向NWDAF网元订阅特定终端(比如，图8所示的第一终端)的ML模型或者数据分析结果，在这种情况下，如图8所示，为本申请实施例提供的另一种数据报告方法，该方法包括：
步骤801、UPF网元向SMF网元发送N4消息，相应的，SMF网元接收来自UPF网元的N4消息。其中，N4消息中携带该UPF的相关信息以及第一终端的标识。该第一终端即为UPF网元所服务的终端。
关于UPF网元的相关信息的内容可以参考上述实施例中的描述，此处不再赘述。
具体的，UPF网元在第一终端的PDU会话建立/修改过程中，向服务于该第一终端的SMF网元发送N4消息。或者，UPF网元可以基于SMF网元的触发再向SMF网元发送N4消息。或者，在第一终端的PDU会话建立/修改过程中，由SMF网元或者第一终端触发UPF网元向SMF网元发送N4消息。
步骤802、SMF网元将UPF网元的相关信息配置在SMF网元处。
步骤803、同步骤703，此处不再赘述。
步骤803与步骤703的区别在于：在步骤803中消费者网元向NWDAF网元发送的Target of Analytics Reporting/Target of ML Model Reporting为第一终端的标识。比如，第一终端的标识可以是SUPI。这样便于NWDAF网元确定消费者网元请求的是第一终端的ML模型或者数据分析结果。可选的，在图8所示的实施例中，Target of Analytics Reporting/Target of ML Model Reporting＝第一终端的标识。
步骤804、NWDAF网元根据第一终端的标识确定服务于第一终端的SMF网元的信息。
比如，NWDAF网元可以根据第一终端的标识确定服务于该第一终端的UDM网元，由于UDM网元处可以存储为一个或多个终端服务的网元(比如，SMF网元或者AMF网元或者UPF网元)的信息，因此NWDAF网元便可以从UDM网元处确定服务于第一终端的SMF网元的信息。SMF网元的信息用于识别SMF网元，比如SMF网 元的信息可以是SMF网元的标识或者地址信息(比如，IP地址)。
步骤805、NWDAF网元向为第一终端提供服务的SMF网元发送订阅消息，相应的，SMF网元接收来自NWDAF网元的订阅消息。其中，订阅消息用于检索服务于第一终端的UPF网元(即serving UPF)的信息。此外，订阅消息中还携带从UPF网元处收集数据的相关Event ID(即第一事件标识)，用以辅助SMF网元判断为第一终端提供服务的UPF网元能否提供所需的数据(即第一事件标识所指示的用户面数据类型的数据)。
步骤806、SMF网元根据第一终端的标识，为NWDAF网元匹配符合要求的UPF网元的信息。
可以理解的是，如果步骤801中SMF网元并没有保存UPF网元支持的Event ID等信息，或者serving UPF网元未向SMF网元注册serving UPF网元的相关信息，则SMF网元需要从NRF网元检索该serving UPF网元支持的Event ID来匹配UPF网元。或者SMF网元请求serving UPF网元提供该serving UPF网元的相关信息。
如果SMF网元发现第一终端的serving UPF网元支持的Event ID包括NWDAF网元在订阅消息中携带的第一Event ID，则SMF网元判断UPF网元匹配成功，SMF网元会把serving UPF网元的信息通过下述步骤807发送给NWDAF网元。
如果SMF网元发现为第一终端提供服务的serving UPF网元支持的Event ID不能完全包括订阅消息中携带的NWDAF网元从UPF网元处收集数据所需的第一Event ID，则SMF网元判断UPF网元匹配失败。这时SMF网元可以向NWDAF网元发送携带失败指示的通知消息，以使得NWDAF网元根据失败指示确定未查询到支持第一Event ID的UPF网元；或者，SMF网元为第一终端选择一个新的serving UPF，该新的serving UPF能够满足NWDAF网元数据收集的要求，即新的serving UPF支持的Event ID包括第一Event ID。然后，SMF网元会将终端的PDU会话重定向到新的serving UPF(即UPF relocation)，重定向完成后，SMF网元会把新的serving UPF通过下述步骤808发送给NWDAF网元。
步骤807、SMF网元将能够提供NWDAF网元所需数据的serving UPF网元的信息(如UPF ID、UPF地址等)发给NWDAF网元，相应的，NWDAF网元接收来自
SMF网元的serving UPF网元的信息。
可选的，如果SMF网元从本地配置中确定serving UPF网元支持的Event ID包括第一事件标识，则步骤807中的serving UPF网元的信息即为为第一终端提供服务的serving UPF网元的信息。如果SMF网元从本地配置中确定serving UPF网元支持的Event ID不包括第一事件标识，或者未完全包括第一事件标识，则步骤807中的serving UPF网元的信息即为SMF网元为第一终端重新选择的serving UPF网元的信息。
可以理解的是，如果SMF网元向NWDAF网元发送携带失败指示的通知消息，则下述步骤808～步骤813可以省略。相应的，NWDAF网元可以向消费者网元发送指示不能提供分析结果或者ML模型的消息。比如，该消息中可以携带不能提供分析结果或者ML模型的指示信息。
步骤808～步骤813，同步骤708～步骤713，此处不再赘述。
图8所示的实施例中，由UPF网元将支持的Event ID等信息配置到SMF网元中， 后期便可以供NWDAF网元等网元查询，以辅助NWDAF网元等网元根据Event ID等信息从SMF网元检索到能够提供相应数据的UPF网元。
图9为本申请实施例提供的另一种数据上报方法的具体实施例，该方法与图8所示的方法的区别在于，该方案中由UPF网元将UPF网元的相关信息注册到UDM网元，后续在消费者网元向NWDAF网元请求第一终端的数据分析结果或者ML模型时，由NWDAF网元从UDM网元处发现为第一终端提供服务且支持第一事件标识的UPF网元的信息，该方法包括：
步骤901、UPF网元将该UPF网元的相关信息注册到UDM网元。
可选的，UPF网元可以在第一终端的PDU会话建立/修改过程中，通过SMF网元将UPF网元的相关信息以及UPF网元服务的第一终端的标识等注册到UDM网元。作为一种示例，UPF网元向SMF网元发送N4消息，该N4消息中携带UPF网元的相关信息以及第一终端的标识。SMF网元接收到N4消息后，便可以通过Nudm_UECM_Registration服务操作向UDM网元发送UPF网元的相关信息以及第一终端的标识。
可选的，UPF网元还可以指示SMF网元将UPF网元的相关信息以及第一终端的标识转发给UDM网元。比如，N4消息中还可以携带转发指示，该转发指示用于指示SMF网元将UPF网元的相关信息以及第一终端的标识转发给UDM网元。或者该转发指示可以携带在N4消息以外的消息中。
作为另一种示例，UPF网元可以不通过SMF网元直接将UPF网元的相关信息注册到UDM网元。比如，UPF网元可以向UDM网元发送Nudm_UECM_Registration服务操作。其中，Nudm_UECM_Registration服务操作中携带UPF网元的相关信息以及第一终端的标识。
可选的，UDM网元可以向UPF网元反馈注册结果指示，该注册结果指示用于指示UPF网元的相关信息注册成功/失败。
步骤902、UDM网元存储UPF网元的相关信息以及UPF网元服务的第一终端的标识。
步骤903、同步骤803，此处不再赘述。
步骤904、NWDAF网元根据终端的标识和第一Event ID，向UDM网元发送请求消息，以请求UDM网元提供为第一终端提供服务且支持第一事件标识的serving UPF的信息。
作为一种示例，步骤904可以通过以下方式实现：NWDAF网元向UDM网元发送Nudm_UECM_Get Request消息。
步骤905、UDM网元根据第一终端的标识以及第一事件标识，为NWDAF网元匹配UPF网元的信息。
步骤906、UDM网元向NWDAF网元提供第一信息，该第一信息用于确定为第一终端提供服务且支持第一事件标识的serving UPF的信息。
比如说，第一信息可以是为第一终端提供服务且支持第一事件标识的serving UPF的信息。
作为一种示例，步骤905可以通过以下方式实现：NWDAF网元向UDM网元发 送Nudm_UECM_Get response消息。其中，Nudm_UECM_Get response消息中携带有serving UPF的信息，或者serving UPF的相关信息。
步骤907～步骤912，同步骤709～步骤713，此处不再赘述。
可以理解的是，如果步骤905中，如果UDM网元未匹配到为第一终端提供服务且支持第一事件标识的serving UPF的信息，则UDM网元向NWDAF网元发送失败指示，以指示未能发现能够为第一终端提供符合要求数据的serving UPF。后续，NWDAF网元可以向消费者网元发送拒绝消息，以拒绝消费者网元的请求。可选的，拒绝消息中还可以携带拒绝原因，比如，为匹配到为第一终端提供符合要求数据的serving UPF。
在图9所示的实施例中，由UPF网元将支持的Event ID等信息配置到UDM网元处供NWDAF网元等网元查询，以辅助NWDAF网元等网元根据Event ID等信息从UDM网元处检索到能够提供相应数据的UPF网元。
上述主要从各个网元之间交互的角度对本申请实施例的方案进行了介绍。可以理解的是，各个网元，例如第一网元、第一用户面网元、数据分析网元等为了实现上述功能，其包括了执行各个功能相应的结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请实施例可以根据上述方法示例第一网元、第一用户面网元、数据分析网元进行功能单元的划分，例如，可以对应各个功能划分各个功能单元，也可以将两个或两个以上的功能集成在一个处理单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。需要说明的是，本申请实施例中对单元的划分是示意性的，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。
上面结合图5至图9，对本申请实施例的方法进行了说明，下面对本申请实施例提供的执行上述方法的通信装置进行描述。本领域技术人员可以理解，方法和装置可以相互结合和引用，本申请实施例提供的通信装置可以执行如图5或图6所示的数据报告方法中由第一网元、第一用户面网元、数据分析网元执行的步骤。
在采用集成单元的情况下，图10示出了上述实施例中所涉及的通信装置，该通信装置可以包括：通信模块1013和处理模块1012。
在一种可选的实现方式中，该通信装置还可以包括存储模块1011，用于存储通信装置的程序代码和数据。
一种示例，该通信装置为第一用户面网元，或者为应用于第一用户面网元中的芯片。在这种情况下，通信模块1013用于支持该通信装置与外部网元(例如，数据分析网元)通信。例如，通信模块1013用于执行上述方法实施例中用户面网元的信号收发操作。处理模块1012用于执行上述方法实施例中第一用户面网元的信号处理操作。
一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信模块1013用于执行上述实施例的图5的步骤501中由第一用户面网元执行的接收动作以及步骤503中由第一用户面网元执行的发送动作。处理模块1012，用于支持该通信装置执行图5的步骤中的步骤502。
再一种示例，该通信装置为数据分析网元，或者为应用于数据分析网元中的芯片。在这种情况下，通信模块1013用于支持该通信装置与外部网元(例如，第一用户面网元或者消费者网元)通信。例如，通信模块1013用于执行上述方法实施例中数据分析网元的信号收发操作。处理模块1012用于执行上述方法实施例中数据分析网元的信号处理操作。
一方面，在本申请的一个实施例中，通信模块1013用于执行上述实施例的图5的步骤501中由数据分析网元执行的发送动作，以及步骤503中由数据分析网元执行的接收的动作。处理模块1012，用于支持该通信装置执行上述由数据分析网元执行的处理动作。
又例如，在本申请的另一个实施例中，处理模块1012用于执行上述实施例的图6的步骤602～步骤603。通信模块1013，还用于执行上述实施例的图6的步骤601中由数据分析网元执行的接收动作。通信模块1013，还用于执行上述实施例的图6的步骤606中由数据分析网元执行的发送的动作。
其中，处理模块1012可以是处理器或控制器，例如可以是中央处理器单元，通用处理器，数字信号处理器，专用集成电路，现场可编程门阵列或者其他可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件、硬件部件或者其任意组合。其可以实现或执行结合本申请公开内容所描述的各种示例性的逻辑方框，模块和电路。处理器也可以是实现计算功能的组合，例如包含一个或多个微处理器组合，数字信号处理器和微处理器的组合等等。通信模块可以是收发器、收发电路或通信接口等。存储模块可以是存储器。
当处理模块1012为处理器1101或处理器1105，通信模块1013为通信接口1103时，存储模块1011为存储器1102时，本申请所涉及的通信装置可以为图11所示的通信设备。
图11所示为本申请实施例提供的通信设备的硬件结构示意图。本申请实施例中的第一用户面网元、数据分析网元的结构均可以参考如图11所示的通信设备的结构示意图。该通信设备包括处理器1101，通信线路1104以及至少一个通信接口(图11中示例性的以通信接口1103为例进行说明)。
处理器1101可以是一个通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，微处理器，特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)，或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。
通信线路1104可包括一通路，在上述组件之间传送信息。
通信接口1103，用于与其他装置进行信息交互，例如使用任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其他设备或通信网络通信，如以太网，无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)，无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。
可选的，该通信设备还可以包括存储器1102。
存储器1102可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)或可存储静态信息和指令的其他类型的静态存储设备，随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其他类型的动态存储设备，也可以是电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光 碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质，但不限于此。存储器可以是独立存在，通过通信线路1104与处理器相连接。存储器也可以和处理器集成在一起。
其中，存储器1102用于存储执行本申请方案的计算机执行指令，并由处理器1101来控制执行。处理器1101用于执行存储器1102中存储的计算机执行指令，从而实现本申请下述实施例提供的一种数据报告方法。
可选的，本申请实施例中的计算机执行指令也可以称之为应用程序代码，本申请实施例对此不作具体限定。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，处理器1101可以包括一个或多个CPU，例如图11中的CPU0和CPU1。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，通信设备可以包括多个处理器，例如图11中的处理器1101和处理器1105。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
处理器1101和处理器1105所执行的步骤可以参考上述处理模块1012执行的步骤。通信接口1103所执行的步骤可以参考上述通信模块1013执行的步骤。
图12是本申请实施例提供的芯片130的结构示意图。芯片130包括一个或两个以上(包括两个)处理器1310和通信接口1330。
可选的，该芯片130还包括存储器1340，存储器1340可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器1310提供操作指令和数据。存储器1340的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器(non-volatile random access memory，NVRAM)。
在一些实施方式中，存储器1340存储了如下的元素，执行模块或者数据结构，或者他们的子集，或者他们的扩展集。
在本申请实施例中，通过调用存储器1340存储的操作指令(该操作指令可存储在操作系统中)，执行相应的操作。
一种可能的实现方式中为：第一用户面网元、数据分析网元的结构类似，不同的装置可以使用不同的芯片以实现各自的功能。
处理器1310控制第一用户面网元、数据分析网元中任一个的处理操作，处理器1310还可以称为中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)。
存储器1340可以包括只读存储器和随机存取存储器，并向处理器1310提供指令和数据。存储器1340的一部分还可以包括NVRAM。例如应用中存储器1340、通信接口1330以及存储器1340通过总线系统1320耦合在一起，其中总线系统1320除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图12中将各种总线都标为总线系统1320。
上述本申请实施例揭示的方法可以应用于处理器1310中，或者由处理器1310实现。处理器1310可能是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器1310中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器1310可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processing， DSP)、ASIC、现成可编程门阵列(field-programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器1340，处理器1310读取存储器1340中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
一种可能的实现方式中，通信接口1330用于执行图5～图9所示的实施例中的第一用户面网元的接收和发送的步骤。处理器1310用于执行图5～图9所示的实施例中的第一用户面网元的处理的步骤。
一种可能的实现方式中，通信接口1330用于执行图5～图9所示的实施例中的数据分析网元的接收和发送的步骤。处理器1310用于执行图5～图9所示的实施例中的数据分析网元处理的步骤。
一方面，提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当指令被运行时，实现如图5或图6中由数据分析网元执行的功能。
一方面，提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当指令被运行时，实现如图5或图6中由第一用户面网元执行的功能。
一方面，提供一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品中包括指令，当指令被运行时，实现如图5或图6中由数据分析网元执行的功能。
一方面，提供一种包括指令的计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品中包括指令，当指令被运行时，实现如图5或图6中由第一用户面网元执行的功能。
一方面，提供一种芯片，该芯片应用于第一用户面网元中，芯片包括至少一个处理器和通信接口，通信接口和至少一个处理器耦合，处理器用于运行指令，以实现如图5～图9中由第一用户面网元执行的功能。
一方面，提供一种芯片，该芯片应用于数据分析网元中，芯片包括至少一个处理器和通信接口，通信接口和至少一个处理器耦合，处理器用于运行指令，以实现如图5～图9中由数据分析网元执行的功能。
本申请实施例提供一种通信系统，该通信系统包括：第一用户面网元和数据分析网元。其中，第一用户面网元用于执行如图5中由第一用户面网元执行的功能，数据分析网元用于执行图5中由数据分析网元执行的功能。可选的，该系统还可以包括消费者网元，用于执行图6中消费者网元所执行的步骤，相应的，数据分析网元还用于执行图6中的步骤。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机程序或指令。在计算机上加载和执行计算机程序或指令时，全部或部分地执行本申请实施例的流程或功能。计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、网络设备、用户设备或者其它可编程装置。计算机程序或指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机 可读存储介质传输，例如，计算机程序或指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线或无线方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是集成一个或多个可用介质的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。可用介质可以是磁性介质，例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带；也可以是光介质，例如，数字视频光盘(digital video disc，DVD)；还可以是半导体介质，例如，固态硬盘(solid state drive，SSD)。
尽管在此结合各实施例对本申请进行了描述，然而，在实施所要求保护的本申请过程中，本领域技术人员通过查看附图、公开内容、以及所附权利要求书，可理解并实现公开实施例的其他变化。在权利要求中，“包括”(comprising)一词不排除其他组成部分或步骤，“一”或“一个”不排除多个的情况。单个处理器或其他单元可以实现权利要求中列举的若干项功能。相互不同的从属权利要求中记载了某些措施，但这并不表示这些措施不能组合起来产生良好的效果。
尽管结合具体特征及其实施例对本申请进行了描述，显而易见的，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的情况下，可对其进行各种修改和组合。相应地，本说明书和附图仅仅是所附权利要求所界定的本申请的示例性说明，且视为已覆盖本申请范围内的任意和所有修改、变化、组合或等同物。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包括这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种数据报告方法，其特征在于，包括：
    数据分析网元向第一用户面网元发送第一消息，所述第一消息中包括第一报告信息，所述第一消息用于请求所述第一用户面网元按照所述第一报告信息报告第一数据，其中，所述第一数据是所述第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时产生的数据，所述第一报告信息中包括第一指示信息和/或报告时间信息，所述第一指示信息用于所述第一用户面网元确定是否可以延迟报告所述第一数据，所述报告时间信息用于指示所述第一用户面网元确定报告所述第一数据的时间；
    所述数据分析网元接收来自所述第一用户面网元的所述第一数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一消息中还包括第一事件标识，所述第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型，所述第一数据是所述第一用户面网元在检测到所述第一事件被触发时产生的所述一个或多个用户面数据类型对应的数据。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一消息中还包括第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元请求获取第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型中的至少一个用户面数据类型的数据，相应的，所述数据分析网元接收来自所述第一用户面网元的所述第一数据，包括：
    所述数据分析网元接收来自所述第一用户面网元提供的所述至少一个用户面数据类型的数据。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告信息包括以下信息中的一个或多个：
    第三指示信息，用于指示所述第一用户面网元在所述第一用户面网元的负载低于预设阈值时向所述数据分析网元报告所述第一数据；
    第一负载阈值，用于所述第一用户面网元确定在所述第一用户面网元的负载低于所述第一负载阈值时向所述数据分析网元报告所述第一数据。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述报告时间信息包括第一起始时间信息以及第一结束时间信息，所述第一起始时间信息用于所述第一用户面网元确定向所述数据分析网元报告所述第一数据的开始时间，所述第一结束时间信息用于所述第一用户面网元确定向所述数据分析网元报告数据的结束时间；或者，
    所述报告时间信息包括截止时间信息，所述截止时间信息用于指示所述数据分析网元在所述截止时间信息之前开始报告所述第一数据或者在所述截止时间信息之前报告完成所述第一数据。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述第一起始时间信息以及第一结束时间信息所确定的时间窗内，所述第一用户面网元的负载低于预设负载阈值。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述数据分析网元从消费者网元处获取第一分析标识，所述第一分析标识用于请求所述第一分析标识对应的分析结果或者机器学习模型；
    所述数据分析网元根据所述第一分析标识，得到所述第一事件标识；
    所述数据分析网元根据所述第一事件标识从第一网元处获取支持所述第一事件标 识的一个或多个用户面网元的信息，所述一个或多个用户面网元中包括所述第一用户面网元。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据分析网元中具有一个或多个分析标识中每个分析标识与事件标识的关联信息，相应的，所述数据分析网元根据所述第一分析标识，得到第一事件标识，包括：
    所述数据分析网元根据所述关联信息，将所述第一分析标识关联的事件标识确定为所述第一事件标识，所述一个或多个分析标识包括所述第一分析标识。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据分析网元根据所述第一分析标识，得到所述第一事件标识，包括：
    所述数据分析网元将所述第一分析标识确定为所述第一事件标识。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据分析网元中具有一个或多个数据粒度中每个数据粒度与事件标识的关联信息，所述数据分析网元根据所述第一分析标识，得到第一事件标识，包括：
    所述数据分析网元根据所述第一分析标识确定从用户面网元处收集的数据为第一数据粒度；
    所述数据分析网元将所述关联信息中与所述第一数据粒度关联的事件标识确定为所述第一事件标识，所述第一数据粒度属于所述一个或多个数据粒度。
  11. 根据权利要求7～10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述数据分析网元根据所述第一事件标识从第一网元处获取支持所述第一事件标识的一个或多个用户面网元的信息，包括：
    所述数据分析网元向所述第一网元发送第二消息，所述第二消息中携带所述第一事件标识，所述第二消息用于请求所述第一网元提供支持所述第一事件标识的用户面网元的信息；
    所述数据分析网元接收来自所述第一网元的一个或多个所述用户面网元的信息。
  12. 根据权利要求1～11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一消息还包括第一终端的信息，所述第一消息用于请求所述第一终端对应的所述第一数据；
    在所述数据分析网元还通过第三消息向所述第一用户面网元请求第二终端对应的第二数据，且所述第三消息中还包括所述第一报告信息的情况下，所述数据分析网元接收来自所述第一用户面网元的所述第一数据，包括：
    所述数据分析网元接收来自所述第一用户面网元发送的第一响应，所述第一响应包括所述第一终端对应的所述第一数据以及所述第二终端对应的第二数据。
  13. 一种数据报告方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一用户面网元接收来自数据分析网元的第一消息，所述第一消息中包括第一报告信息，所述第一消息用于请求所述第一用户面网元按照所述第一报告信息报告第一数据，其中，所述第一数据是所述第一用户面网元在检测到第一事件被触发时产生的数据，所述第一报告信息中包括第一指示信息和/或报告时间信息，所述第一指示信息用于所述第一用户面网元确定是否可以延迟报告所述第一数据，所述报告时间信息用于指示所述第一用户面网元确定报告所述第一数据的时间；
    所述第一用户面网元获取所述第一数据；
    所述第一用户面网元根据所述第一报告信息，向所述数据分析网元报告所述第一数据。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一消息中还包括第一事件标识，所述第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型，所述第一数据是所述第一用户面网元在检测到所述第一事件被触发时产生的所述一个或多个用户面数据类型对应的数据。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一消息中还包括第二指示信息，所述第二指示信息用于指示所述数据分析网元请求获取第一事件标识关联一个或多个用户面数据类型中的至少一个用户面数据类型的数据，相应的，所述第一用户面网元获取所述第一数据，包括：
    所述第一用户面网元根据所述第二指示信息，获取所述至少一个用户面数据类型的数据作为所述第一数据。
  16. 根据权利要求13～15任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一报告信息包括以下信息中的一个或多个：
    第三指示信息，用于指示所述第一用户面网元在所述第一用户面网元的负载低于预设阈值时向所述数据分析网元报告所述第一数据；第一负载阈值，用于所述第一用户面网元确定在所述第一用户面网元的负载低于所述第一负载阈值时向所述数据分析网元报告所述第一数据，相应的，所述第一用户面网元根据所述第一报告信息，向所述数据分析网元报告所述第一数据，包括：
    所述第一用户面网元根据所述第三指示信息和/或第一负载阈值，向所述数据分析网元报告所述第一数据。
  17. 根据权利要求13～16任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述报告时间信息包括第一起始时间信息以及第一结束时间信息，所述第一起始时间信息用于所述第一用户面网元确定向所述数据分析网元报告所述第一数据的开始时间，所述第一结束时间信息用于所述第一用户面网元确定向所述数据分析网元报告数据的第一结束时间；或者，
    所述报告时间信息包括截止时间信息，所述截止时间信息用于指示所述数据分析网元在所述截止时间信息之前开始报告所述第一数据或者在所述截止时间信息之前报告完成所述第一数据。
  18. 根据权利要求13～17任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面网元向第一网元发送所述第一用户面网元的相关信息，所述第一用户面网元的相关信息至少包括所述第一用户面网元支持的一个或多个事件标识。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面网元向第一网元发送所述第一用户面网元服务的终端的标识。
  20. 根据权利要求13～19任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一消息还包括第一终端的信息，所述第一消息用于请求所述第一终端对应的所述第一数据，相应的，所述第一数据为第一终端对应的所述第一数据。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一用户面网元接收来自所述数据分析网元的第三消息，所述第三消息用于向所述第一用户面网元请求第二终端对应的第二数据，且所述第三消息中还包括所述 第一报告信息的情况下，所述第一用户面网元根据所述第一报告信息，向所述数据分析网元报告所述第一数据包括：所述第一用户面网元根据所述第一报告信息，向所述数据分析网元报告第一响应，所述第一响应中包括第二终端对应的第二数据以及第一终端对应的第一数据。
  22. 一种芯片，其特征在于，所述芯片包括至少一个处理器和通信接口，所述通信接口和所述至少一个处理器耦合，所述至少一个处理器用于运行计算机程序或指令，以实现如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的数据报告方法，或以实现13-21任一项所述的数据报告方法，所述通信接口用于与所述芯片之外的其它模块进行通信。
  23. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，包括：处理单元和通信单元；
    其中，所述通信单元用于执行如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的数据报告方法中在数据分析网元中进行消息收发的操作；所述处理单元运行指令以执行如权利要求1-12中任一项所述的数据报告方法中在所述数据分析网元中进行处理或控制的操作；或者，
    所述通信单元用于执行如权利要求13-21中任一项所述的数据报告方法中在第一用户面网元中进行消息收发的操作；所述处理单元运行指令以执行如权利要求13-21中任一项所述的数据报告方法中在所述第一用户面网元中进行处理或控制的操作。
  24. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有指令，当所述指令被运行时，实现上述权利要求1-12任一项所述的数据报告方法；或者，实现上述权利要求13-21中任一项所述的数据报告方法。
  25. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：第一用户面网元以及与所述第一用户面网元通信的数据分析网元，其中，所述数据分析网元用于执行上述权利要求1-12任一项所述的数据报告方法，第一用户面网元用于执行权利要求13-21中任一项所述的数据报告方法。
  26. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信装置包括处理器，所述处理器与存储器连接，所述处理器用于存储所述存储器中存储的指令或计算机程序，以实现上述权利要求1-12任一项所述的数据报告方法。
  27. 一种通信装置，其特征在于，所述通信装置包括处理器，所述处理器与存储器连接，所述处理器用于存储所述存储器中存储的指令或计算机程序，以实现上述权利要求13-21任一项所述的数据报告方法。
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