WO2023221077A1 - 缩颈方法、缩颈装置及电池制造设备 - Google Patents

缩颈方法、缩颈装置及电池制造设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023221077A1
WO2023221077A1 PCT/CN2022/094042 CN2022094042W WO2023221077A1 WO 2023221077 A1 WO2023221077 A1 WO 2023221077A1 CN 2022094042 W CN2022094042 W CN 2022094042W WO 2023221077 A1 WO2023221077 A1 WO 2023221077A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
roller
necking
annular groove
open end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/094042
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
潘有成
姜亮
孟浩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP22942117.7A priority Critical patent/EP4395018A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/094042 priority patent/WO2023221077A1/zh
Priority to CN202280073529.9A priority patent/CN118176617A/zh
Publication of WO2023221077A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023221077A1/zh
Priority to US18/657,805 priority patent/US20240286185A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
    • B21D51/2615—Edge treatment of cans or tins
    • B21D51/2638—Necking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D17/00—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles
    • B21D17/04—Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles by rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D41/00—Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends
    • B21D41/04—Reducing; Closing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
    • B21D51/2615—Edge treatment of cans or tins
    • B21D51/263—Flanging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/166—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids
    • H01M50/167—Lids or covers characterised by the methods of assembling casings with lids by crimping

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of battery production, specifically, to a necking method, a necking device and battery manufacturing equipment.
  • Electric vehicles have become an important part of the sustainable development of the automobile industry due to their advantages in energy conservation and environmental protection.
  • battery technology is an important factor related to their development.
  • the use of crimping technology to encapsulate battery cells can effectively increase the packaging speed.
  • the battery cells packaged using the crimping process have a high incidence of short-circuit faults, which seriously affects the performance stability of the battery cells.
  • This application provides a necking method, a necking device and battery manufacturing equipment.
  • the necking method can effectively reduce the short-circuit failure rate of battery cells and improve the stability of battery cell performance; the necking device can effectively reduce shell deformation. quantity to improve the quality of shell necking and flanging.
  • the present application provides a necking method for forming a necking portion on a housing, the housing having an open end, the necking method includes: forming an annular groove on the housing , the annular groove extends along the circumferential direction of the housing; the width of the annular groove is expanded toward the direction close to the open end to form a constriction portion.
  • an annular groove extending along the circumferential direction of the housing is first formed on the housing, and then the width of the annular groove is expanded toward the open end of the housing so that It is formed into a constricted portion on the casing.
  • the open end of the casing is gradually folded outward to form a flanged portion.
  • the electrode assembly needs to be assembled in advance. Inside the casing, a constricted portion is formed on the casing (along the radial direction of the casing, the projection of the constricted portion does not fall on the electrode assembly).
  • the constricted portion is formed on the casing.
  • the housing on the side of the constriction portion facing the electrode assembly will experience a large amount of compression deformation.
  • the deformation of the shell can easily squeeze the electrode assembly, causing the electrode assembly to be easily short-circuited due to pressure deformation.
  • the technical solution of this application is to first form an annular groove with a smaller width before forming the constriction part, which is equivalent to pre-necking the shell.
  • the width of the annular groove is smaller than the width of the final formed constriction part, so the shell is formed
  • the deformation of the annular groove due to extrusion is significantly smaller than the deformation of the shell due to direct molding of the constriction.
  • the annular groove on the shell has a negative impact on the deformation of the shell caused by subsequent molding of the constriction.
  • the area plays a limiting role. Since the shell has undergone stress deformation at the annular groove, when the width of the annular groove is expanded toward the open end of the shell, the annular groove effectively blocks the force transmission of pressure on the shell.
  • forming an annular groove on the housing includes: limiting the open end to restrict outward movement of the open end when forming the annular groove.
  • the opening end of the housing is limited when forming the annular groove, which can effectively reduce the amount of force deformation of the opening end of the housing when forming the annular groove, and reduce the impact of subsequent shrinkage due to early deformation of the opening end. Risks to the molding accuracy of the neck, thus ensuring the molding accuracy and quality of the constricted portion of the shell.
  • expanding the width of the annular groove in a direction closer to the open end to form a constriction includes: when expanding the width of the annular groove, releasing the pressure on the opening The end is limited so that the open end is folded outward to form a flange portion.
  • the restriction on the open end is released when the constriction part is formed, so that the open end gradually folds outwards to form a flange part as the constriction part is formed, so as to achieve the purpose of forming the flange part on the open end of the shell through the constriction process.
  • the purpose of forming the flange part is to perform crimp packaging with the package.
  • the necking method further includes: flattening the flange portion.
  • the flange part is flattened, so that the angle of the flange part being folded outward is controllable and more balanced, and the flanging quality and flanging quality of the flange part are effectively improved.
  • the stability of the edge after folding reduces the risk of rebound deformation of the flange, thereby improving the accuracy and structural stability of the flange, which is beneficial to improving battery packaging accuracy and yield.
  • forming an annular groove on the housing includes: driving a first roller to revolve around the housing and feed along the radial direction of the housing to form an annular groove on the housing.
  • An annular groove is formed on the body.
  • the first roller revolves around the casing and feeds in the radial direction of the casing, so that the revolution radius of the first roller gradually decreases.
  • the first roller squeezes the casing during the revolution, and the force of the casing is The part is compressed and deformed along its own radial direction toward the center, thereby forming an annular groove on the shell.
  • the first roller has a first surface and a second surface opposite in its axial direction, and the first surface is further away from the open end than the second surface;
  • Forming an annular groove on the housing further includes: after driving the first roller to revolve around the housing and feed along the radial direction of the housing, driving the housing to move in the axial direction, so that The housing is deformed so that the first surface is in contact with the side wall of the annular groove facing the first surface.
  • the drive housing moves in the axial direction so that the side wall of the annular groove facing the first surface is in contact with the first surface of the first roller, and the first surface is in contact with the annular groove.
  • the side wall serves as a correction limiter, so that the side wall of the annular groove that is in contact with the first surface (that is, the side wall facing the electrode assembly) can extend as far as possible along the radial direction of the housing, and the axial movement of the housing Cooperating with the limiting effect of the first roller, the deformation of the housing is corrected, thereby reducing the risk of the housing being greatly deformed and compressing the electrode assembly due to the molding of the annular groove.
  • expanding the width of the annular groove in a direction closer to the open end to form a constriction includes: driving a second roller to revolve around the housing and along the housing. radial feed to form a constriction on the housing; wherein the second roller has a third surface and a fourth surface opposite in its axial direction, and the third surface is compared with the third surface. The fourth surface is further away from the open end, and the plane where the third surface is located is between two opposite surfaces of the first roller along its axial direction.
  • the second roller revolves around the housing and feeds in the radial direction of the housing, so that the revolution radius of the second roller gradually decreases.
  • the second roller squeezes the housing during the revolution, and the force of the housing
  • the part is compressed and deformed along its own radial direction toward the center, thereby forming a constriction on the shell;
  • the plane of the third surface of the second roller is located between the two axially opposite surfaces of the first roller, which facilitates the movement along the casing.
  • the width of the annular groove is expanded axially toward the open end of the housing.
  • the present application provides a necking device for forming a necking portion on a shell, the shell having an open end, the necking device including: a first roller, the first roller being configured to be feedable in a radial direction of the housing to form an annular groove on the housing; a second roller configured to be feedable in a radial direction of the housing, To form a constriction portion and a flange portion on the housing; wherein, the first roller has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other along its axial direction, and the second roller has an opposite surface along its axial direction. A third surface and a fourth surface, the third surface is further away from the open end than the fourth surface, and the plane where the third surface is located is between the first surface and the second surface.
  • the necking device is provided with a first roller and a second roller that can be fed along the radial direction of the housing.
  • the first roller and the second roller are respectively used to form an annular groove and a necking portion on the housing.
  • the third surface of the second roller is located between the first surface and the second surface of the first roller, so that when the second roller acts on the housing, it can expand the annular shape along the axial direction of the housing toward the open end of the housing.
  • the width of the groove forms a constriction to prevent the second roller from expanding the annular groove along the axial direction of the housing in a direction away from the open end of the housing and causing an increase in the deformation area of the housing, causing the annular groove to limit the movement of the housing toward the electrode.
  • the effect of component directional deformation fails.
  • the thickness of the first roller is smaller than the thickness of the second roller.
  • the thickness of the first roller is smaller than that of the second roller, so as to minimize the width of the annular groove, thereby reducing the squeezing of the electrode assembly, and the thickness of the second roller is greater than the thickness of the first roller, so as to facilitate Meet the width requirements of the constriction section.
  • the necking device further includes: an inner mold for supporting the housing from the inside of the housing; wherein the first roller and the second roller are disposed on the around the inner mold.
  • the necking device is provided with an inner mold, which plays an internal supporting and limiting role for the shell.
  • the inner mold is used to cooperate with the first roller and the second roller to form a controllable depth annular shape on the shell. Grooves and constrictions.
  • the necking device further includes: a pressing member disposed around the inner mold, the pressing member being configured to: move the first roller along the edge of the housing. During radial feeding, the open end is clamped together with the inner mold to limit the outward movement of the open end.
  • the necking device is provided with a pressing part, and the pressing part cooperates with the inner mold to limit the opening end of the housing, so as to restrict the outward movement of the opening end of the housing when forming an annular groove on the housing.
  • the pressing member is movable along the axial direction of the housing, and the pressing member is configured to: when the second roller feeds in the radial direction of the housing , flatten the outwardly folded open end on the second roller.
  • the pressing part is movable along the axial direction of the housing, so that the pressing part has high functional integration.
  • the open end can be clamped in the Either release the open end between the inner mold and the pressing part, and after the shrinkage part is formed, by controlling the expansion and contraction of the pressing part, the flanging part formed at the open end can be flattened to effectively improve the flanging of the shell.
  • the precision and quality of the parts, the overall structure flexibility, and the strong functional integration effectively improve the necking and flanging efficiency and effect of the necking and flanging device.
  • the pressing member is in an annular shape and is sleeved on the inner mold.
  • the pressing part is annular and is set in the inner mold. This arrangement effectively ensures the contact area between the pressing part and the flanging part, making the overall flanging part more evenly stressed along the circumferential direction of the shell. , to further improve the flattening quality, flattening balance and comprehensiveness of the flanging part.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the inner mold includes a first outer circumferential surface, a second outer circumferential surface and a step surface, the diameter of the first outer circumferential surface is greater than the diameter of the second outer circumferential surface, and the step surface
  • the surface connects the first outer peripheral surface and the second outer peripheral surface; wherein, the pressing member is annular, the pressing member is sleeved on the first outer peripheral surface, and the step surface is used to connect with the first outer peripheral surface.
  • the pressing parts jointly clamp the open end, the second outer peripheral surface is used to cooperate with the first roller to form the annular groove, and the second outer peripheral surface is used to cooperate with the second roller. To form the shrinkage portion.
  • the pressing piece is sleeved on the first outer peripheral surface, so as to form a clamping space for clamping the open end between the inner circumferential surface of the pressing piece and the step surface; the step surface is used to connect with the inner surface of the housing.
  • the peripheral surface cooperates to support the shell, and at the same time defines the connection position of the flange part and the constriction part, and facilitates the cooperation with the press fitting to jointly clamp the open end.
  • the second outer peripheral surface and the inner peripheral surface of the shell There is an avoidance space between them, which facilitates the first roller and the second roller to feed along the radial direction of the housing to form an annular groove and a constriction on the housing, and the second peripheral surface controls the depth of the annular groove and the constriction. , and facilitates cooperation with the first roller and the second roller respectively to define the shape of the annular groove and the constriction portion; the open end of the housing is affected by the diameter difference between the second outer peripheral surface and the step surface, and between the second outer peripheral surface and the step surface The connection point of the step surface is naturally folded outward to form a flange.
  • the step surface transitions into a circular arc with the second outer peripheral surface.
  • the circular arc transition between the step surface and the second outer peripheral surface enables a smooth transition at the folded part of the flange part and avoids the problem of fatigue cracks or even breakage of the shell due to stress concentration at the folded part of the shell. Thereby ensuring the structural strength of the shell.
  • the first roller and the second roller are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the inner mold.
  • the first roller and the second roller are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the inner mold to prevent the first roller and the second roller from interfering with each other.
  • the necking device further includes: a supporting member for supporting the housing.
  • a supporting member is provided to support and fix the shell to ensure the stress stability of the shell.
  • the necking device further includes: a first driving member for driving the supporting member to move up and down.
  • the necking device is provided with a first driving member to drive the supporting member up and down, thereby driving the shell to move along its axial direction, which facilitates flexible adjustment of the shell relative to the first roller, the second roller and the inner mold along the shell. axial distance.
  • the present application provides battery manufacturing equipment, including the necking device described in any of the above technical solutions, and the necking device is used to form a necking portion on the battery case.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a shell formed with a constriction portion and a flange portion;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a shell formed with an annular groove
  • Figure 3 is a schematic flow chart of a flanging method provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the state of using the first roller to form an annular groove on the shell in the flanging method provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 5 is a partial enlarged view of part A shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a front view of the cooperation between the necking device and the housing provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a necking device provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a top view of the necking device provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view along the N-N direction shown in Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a partial enlarged view of part B shown in Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the first roller forming an annular groove on the housing of the necking device provided by some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 12 is a partial enlarged view of part C shown in Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the state in which the first side wall of the annular groove and the first surface of the first roller are in contact with each other according to some embodiments of the present application;
  • Figure 14 is a partial enlarged view of part D shown in Figure 13;
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the state in which the second roller of the flanging device according to some embodiments of the present application forms a shrinking portion on the shell;
  • Figure 16 is a partial enlarged view of part E shown in Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a state in which the pressing member of the flanging device according to some embodiments of the present application presses the flanging portion flat against the second roller;
  • Figure 18 is a partial enlarged view of part F shown in Figure 17;
  • Marking description 100-necking device; 10-first roller; 11-first surface; 12-second surface; 20-second roller; 21-third surface; 22-fourth surface; 30-inner mold; 31-first outer peripheral surface; 32-second outer peripheral surface; 33-step surface; 40-pressed part; 50-supporting part; 200-casing; 210-open end; 220-annular groove; 221-th One side wall; 222-the second side wall; 230-the constriction portion; 240-the flange portion; W-the plane where the third surface is located.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of this phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
  • the term “plurality” refers to two or more (including two).
  • the crimping mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a type of packaging, a sealing process used for rigid and semi-rigid containers. Crimping is also called crimping. Crimping refers to the flanging of the container body. It hooks, curls and compresses the periphery of the container lid to seal the container.
  • the crimping seal can be used for metal containers such as iron containers, aluminum containers or rigid and semi-rigid containers made of other materials.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack, etc.
  • the battery cells mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries.
  • the embodiments of the present application do not refer to this. Not limited.
  • the battery cell includes a casing, an end cover, an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the casing has an opening for loading the electrode assembly, electrolyte and other components into the casing.
  • the electrode assembly and electrolyte are contained in the casing.
  • the end cover is used for to close the opening of the shell.
  • welding and crimping There are currently two main ways to connect the end cover and the shell: welding and crimping. Among them, crimp sealing, as an efficient and fast sealing method, is increasingly used in the production and manufacturing of cylindrical battery cells.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode piece, a negative electrode piece and an isolation film. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer. Fluid, the positive electrode current collector without the positive electrode active material layer is used as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • Fluid, the negative electrode current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film can be PP (polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene, polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • FIG. 1 shows the molding Structural diagram of a shell with a constricted portion and a flanged portion
  • the shell is constricted to form a constricted portion.
  • the shell becomes The open end is gradually folded outward to form a flange portion, and finally the flange portion and the cover are connected through a rolling sealing process, so that the inner cavity of the housing forms a closed space.
  • the shell located on the side of the constricted portion facing the electrode assembly will be greatly deformed due to the pressure of the constricted portion, and the deformed area radiates in the direction of the electrode assembly.
  • the deformed shell The body easily squeezes the electrode assembly, causing the electrode assembly to be easily deformed due to pressure, thereby easily causing short circuit failure.
  • the applicant proposed a necking method after research, which is used to form the constriction on the casing.
  • the necking method of the present application first forms an annular groove extending along the circumferential direction of the housing on the housing, and then expands the width of the annular groove in a direction close to the open end of the housing to form a constriction portion.
  • the technical solution of this application is to first form an annular groove with a smaller width before forming the constriction part, which is equivalent to pre-necking the shell.
  • the width of the annular groove is smaller than the width of the final formed constriction part, so the shell is formed
  • the deformation of the annular groove due to extrusion is significantly smaller than the deformation of the shell due to direct molding of the constriction.
  • the annular groove on the shell has a negative impact on the deformation of the shell caused by subsequent molding of the constriction.
  • the area plays a limiting role. Since the shell has undergone stress deformation at the annular groove, when the width of the annular groove is expanded toward the open end of the shell, the annular groove effectively blocks the force transmission of pressure on the shell.
  • this application can effectively reduce the difficulty of forming the constriction part; at the same time, pre-constriction treatment of the shell can effectively reduce the difficulty of forming the constriction part of the shell. risk of deformation and rebound, thereby improving the machining accuracy and structural stability of the constriction part.
  • the necking method and necking device disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be, but are not limited to, used in battery casings, solid or liquid food casings, chemical product casings, and the like.
  • the following embodiments take the necking process of the battery case as an example for description.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shell formed with an annular groove
  • Figure 3 is a flanging method provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • the flow diagram shows that the necking method provided in this embodiment is used to form the necking portion 230 on the housing 200.
  • the housing 200 has an open end 210.
  • the necking method includes the following steps:
  • S1 Form an annular groove 220 on the housing 200, and the annular groove 220 extends along the circumferential direction of the housing 200;
  • the constriction portion 230 refers to the part of the housing 200 that is extruded and deformed to shrink radially. As shown in Figure 1, the axial direction of the housing extends along the X direction, and the radial direction of the housing is perpendicular to the X direction. During the forming constriction At the same time, the opening end 210 of the housing 200 is bent outward to form a flange portion 240 described below. The flange portion 240 is used to be rolled together with the edge portion of the end cap (not shown) to achieve crimping.
  • the annular groove 220 extends along the circumferential direction of the housing 200. In the same manner as the formed constriction portion, the annular groove 220 can be formed by extruding and deforming the housing 200 to shrink radially.
  • annular groove 220 can be formed on the housing 200, which is not uniquely limited in this embodiment.
  • a roller that is movable along the radial direction of the housing 200 can be used.
  • the roller can rotate around its own central axis.
  • the central axis of the roller is parallel to the central axis of the housing 200.
  • An annular groove 220 is formed on the housing 200.
  • the rollers feed along the radial direction of the casing 200.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the rollers contacts the casing 200 and squeezes the casing 200.
  • the casing 200 is squeezed and shrinks radially.
  • an annular groove 220 is formed on the housing 200. After the annular groove 220 is formed, the roller can move along the radial direction of the housing 200 and away from the housing 200.
  • the housing 200 can remain stationary, and the rollers are fed along the radial direction of the housing 200 while revolving around the housing 200 to form the annular groove 220 on the housing 200 .
  • a roller movable along the radial direction of the housing 200 can be used to form the constriction portion 230 on the housing 200.
  • the roller can rotate around its own central axis.
  • the central axis of the roller is parallel to the central axis of the housing 200.
  • the housing 200 may remain stationary, and the rollers may advance along the radial direction of the housing 200 while revolving around the housing 200 to form the constricted portion 230 on the housing 200 .
  • the technical solution of this application is to form an annular groove 220 with a smaller width before forming the constriction portion 230, which is equivalent to pre-constricting the housing 200.
  • It can effectively reduce the difficulty of forming the constricted portion 230; and the deformation amount of the shell 200 that is extruded and deformed when the annular groove 220 is formed is significantly smaller than the deformation amount of the shell 200 that is extruded and deformed by directly forming the constricted portion 230.
  • the annular groove 220 on the casing 200 limits the deformation area of the casing 200 caused by the subsequent molding of the constriction portion 230.
  • the casing 200 Since the casing 200 has already undergone stress deformation at the annular groove 220, it moves closer to the casing.
  • the annular groove 220 effectively blocks the force transmission of pressure on the housing 200 and reduces the amount of extension of the deformation area of the housing 200 toward the electrode assembly, thereby effectively The deformation area of the casing 200 is reduced to prevent the electrode assembly inside the casing 200 from being squeezed due to excessive deformation, thereby effectively ensuring the safety of the electrode assembly and improving the safety performance of the battery cells.
  • the open end 210 of the housing 200 is limited to limit the outward movement of the open end 210.
  • the outward movement is a movement in a direction away from the central axis of the housing 200 .
  • the annular groove 220 When the annular groove 220 is formed on the casing 200, the casing 200 will be deformed due to force. The deformation of the casing 200 is not only reflected in the molding part of the annular groove 220, but also the opening end 210 of the casing 200. The annular groove 220 is formed and moves outward. After the open end 210 of the housing 200 moves outward, the regularity of its shape is reduced, which is not conducive to the accuracy and quality control of the constriction portion 230 .
  • Limiting the opening end 210 of the housing 200 when forming the annular groove 220 can effectively reduce the force deformation of the opening end 210 of the housing 200 when forming the annular groove 220, thereby reducing the risk of premature deformation of the opening end 210.
  • the risk of affecting the subsequent molding accuracy of the constricted portion 230 is beneficial to ensuring the molding accuracy and quality of the constricted portion 230 of the housing 200.
  • the open end 210 of the housing 200 is bent outward to form the flange portion 240. That is to say, the flange portion 240 can be deformed and shrink due to the extrusion of the housing 200.
  • the forming of the neck portion 230 naturally folds outward to form the flange portion 240. Therefore, the open end 210 of the housing 200 is in a free state when the constriction portion 230 is formed, which facilitates the housing 200 while forming the constriction portion 230.
  • the open end 210 is folded outward to form a flange portion 240 .
  • the restriction on the open end 210 is released, so that the open end 210 can gradually fold outwards to form the flange portion 240 as the constricted portion 230 is formed, so as to directly form the flange portion 240 on the housing 200 through the constriction process.
  • the open end 210 forms the purpose of the flange portion 240 .
  • the necking method further includes: after the open end 210 of the housing 200 is folded outward to form the flange portion 240, the flange portion 240 is flattened.
  • Flattening the flange part 240 refers to shaping the flange part 240 so that the entire flange part 240 is located on or tends to the same plane.
  • the flattened flange part 240 is folded compared to the axial direction of the housing 200
  • the angle may be a right angle or an acute angle.
  • the axial folding angle of the flange part 240 relative to the shell 200 may be defined according to the actual crimping requirements.
  • the flattened flange part 240 may be axially bent relative to the shell 200 .
  • the axial folding angle of the body 200 may be 90 degrees, that is, the flattened flange portion 240 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the housing 200 .
  • the flange portion 240 is flattened, so that the angle of the flange portion 240 that is folded outward is controllable and more balanced, effectively improving the flanging quality and the flanging quality of the flange portion 240.
  • the stability of the edge portion 240 after being folded reduces the risk of rebound deformation of the flange portion 240, thereby improving the accuracy and structural stability of the flange portion 240, which is beneficial to improving battery packaging accuracy and yield.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the state of using the first roller to form an annular groove on the shell in the flanging method provided by some embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of part A shown in FIG. 4 .
  • Forming the annular groove 220 on the housing 200 includes: driving the first roller 10 to revolve around the housing 200 and feed along the radial direction of the housing 200 to form the annular groove 220 on the housing 200 .
  • first roller 10 can rotate around its own central axis to reduce friction between the first roller 10 and the housing 200 , and the central axis of the first roller 10 can be parallel to the central axis of the housing 200 .
  • the driving direction of the first roller 10 to revolve around the casing 200 and feed along the radial direction of the casing 200 can be realized by manually matching a mechanical mechanism, or it can also be realized by using automated driving parts.
  • a rotational driving mechanism can be provided and
  • the linear drive mechanism drives the first roller 10 to move in the radial direction of the housing 200
  • the rotary drive mechanism drives the first roller 10 to revolve around the housing 200 .
  • the linear drive mechanism cooperates with the rotary drive mechanism to drive the first roller 10 to revolve around the housing 200 .
  • the housing 200 is revolving, it is fed in the radial direction of the housing 200 . That is to say, the first roller 10 is driven to revolve around the housing 200 and the radius of revolution is gradually reduced to squeeze the housing 200 .
  • An annular groove 220 is formed on the housing 200 .
  • the housing 200 can remain stationary.
  • the housing 200 can also rotate around its own central axis, but the rotation direction of the housing 200 should be consistent with the first roller 10.
  • the revolution direction of the roller 10 is opposite.
  • the first roller 10 revolves around the casing 200 and feeds along the radial direction of the casing 200 , so that the radius of revolution of the first roller 10 gradually decreases.
  • the first roller 10 squeezes the casing 200 during the revolution.
  • the force-bearing part is compressed and deformed along its own radial direction toward the center, thereby forming an annular groove 220 on the housing 200 .
  • the first roller 10 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 opposite along its axial direction.
  • the first surface 11 is further away from the open end 210 than the second surface 12 .
  • Forming the annular groove 220 on the housing 200 also includes: after driving the first roller 10 to revolve around the housing 200 and feeding along the radial direction of the housing 200, driving the housing 200 to move in the axial direction, so that the housing 200 Deformation occurs so that the first surface 11 is in contact with the side wall of the annular groove 220 facing the first surface 11 .
  • the annular groove 220 includes a first side wall 221 and a second side wall 222 that are opposite along the axial direction of the housing 200.
  • the first side wall 221 is further away from the open end 210 than the second side wall 222.
  • the first side wall 221 faces the first surface 11 of the first roller 10
  • the second side wall 222 faces the second surface 12 of the first roller 10 .
  • the first side wall 221 of the annular groove 220 It is easy to form an inclined surface.
  • the drive housing 200 moves along its axial direction, the first side wall 221 will gradually approach the first roller 10, and the first surface 11 of the first roller 10 plays a limiting role on the first side wall 221. , so that the inclination angle of the first side wall 221 changes until the first side wall 221 is perpendicular to or approaches perpendicular to the central axis of the housing 200 .
  • the axial movement of the housing 200 cooperates with the limiting effect of the first roller 10 so that the deformation of the housing 200 is corrected to a large extent, thereby reducing the large deformation of the housing 200 due to the molding of the annular groove 220 and the compression of the electrode assembly. risks of.
  • FIG. 6 is a front view of the necking device and the housing provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • the width of the annular groove 220 is expanded toward the direction closer to the open end 210 , so as to Forming the constricted portion 230 includes: driving the second roller 20 to revolve around the housing 200 and feed along the radial direction of the housing 200 to form the constricted portion 230 on the housing 200; wherein, the second roller 20 has a structure along its radial direction.
  • the third surface 21 and the fourth surface 22 are axially opposite.
  • the third surface 21 is further away from the open end 210 than the fourth surface 22.
  • the plane W where the third surface 21 is located is located on the two axially opposite sides of the first roller 10. between surfaces.
  • the second roller 20 can rotate around its own central axis to reduce the friction between the second roller 20 and the housing 200 .
  • the central axis of the second roller 20 can be in contact with the housing 200 .
  • 200's central axis is parallel.
  • the driving direction of the second roller 20 to revolve around the casing 200 and feed along the radial direction of the casing 200 can be achieved by manually matching a mechanical mechanism, or it can also be achieved by using automated driving components.
  • a rotational driving mechanism can be provided.
  • the linear drive mechanism drives the second roller 20 to move in the radial direction of the housing 200
  • the rotary drive mechanism drives the second roller 20 to revolve around the housing 200 .
  • the linear drive mechanism cooperates with the rotary drive mechanism to drive the second roller 20 to revolve around the housing 200 .
  • the housing 200 is revolving, the housing 200 is fed along the radial direction of the housing 200 . That is to say, the second roller 20 is driven to revolve around the housing 200 and the revolution radius is gradually reduced to squeeze the housing 200 .
  • the necked portion 230 is formed.
  • the housing 200 can remain stationary.
  • the housing 200 can also rotate around its own central axis, but the rotation direction of the housing 200 should be consistent with the second roller 20.
  • the revolution direction of the roller 20 is opposite.
  • the plane where the third surface 21 is located is between the two opposite surfaces of the first roller 10 along its axial direction. This means that along the radial direction of the housing 200, the projection of the third surface 21 of the second roller 20 falls on the first roller. Within the projection of 10. In this way, when the second roller 20 is fed along the radial direction of the housing 200, the second roller 20 can accurately expand the width of the annular groove 220 in a direction close to the open end 210 of the housing 200.
  • the second roller 20 revolves around the casing 200 and feeds in the radial direction of the casing 200 , so that the revolution radius of the second roller 20 gradually decreases.
  • the second roller 20 squeezes the casing 200 during the revolution.
  • the stressed part is compressed and deformed along its own radial direction toward the center, thereby forming a constriction portion 230 on the housing 200;
  • the plane W where the third surface of the second roller 20 is located is located between the two axially opposite surfaces of the first roller 10. time, so that the second roller 20 can expand the width of the annular groove 220 in a direction close to the open end 210 of the housing 200 after being fed along the radial direction of the housing 200 .
  • the necking device 100 is used to form a necking portion 230 on the housing 200.
  • the housing 200 has an open end 210, and the necking device 100 is used to form a necking portion 230 on the housing 200.
  • the device 100 includes a first roller 10 and a second roller 20.
  • the first roller 10 is configured to feed along the radial direction of the housing 200 to form an annular groove 220 on the housing 200; the second roller 20 is configured to The constriction portion 230 and the flange portion 240 can be formed on the housing 200 by feeding along the radial direction of the housing 200 .
  • the first roller 10 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 that are opposite along its axial direction
  • the second roller 20 has a third surface 21 and a fourth surface 22 that are opposite along its axial direction.
  • the third surface 21 is compared with The fourth surface 22 is further away from the open end 210 , and the plane where the third surface 21 is located is between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 .
  • first roller 10 and the second roller 20 can rotate around their own central axes to reduce the friction between the first roller 10 and the housing 200 .
  • the central axes of the first roller 10 and the second roller 20 can be in contact with the housing.
  • the central axes of body 200 are parallel.
  • the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 refer to the two opposite side surfaces of the first roller 10 along its own axial direction
  • the third surface 21 and the fourth surface 22 refer to the two opposite side surfaces of the second roller 20 along its own axial direction.
  • the first roller 10 can be connected to a linear driving component.
  • the linear driving component drives the first roller 10 to move along the radial direction of the housing 200 so that the first roller 10 can squeeze the housing 200.
  • the housing 200 is forced to move along its own radial direction.
  • the annular groove 220 is formed by compressive deformation.
  • the housing 200 can rotate around its central axis, the first roller 10 feeds in the radial direction of the housing 200, and the outer peripheral surface of the first roller 10 contacts the housing 200 and squeezes the housing 200.
  • the housing 200 is pressed, and the housing 200 shrinks radially due to the extrusion, and an annular groove 220 is formed on the housing 200.
  • the first roller 10 moves along the radial direction of the housing 200 and moves away.
  • the housing 200 is enough.
  • the housing 200 can also remain stationary, and the first roller 10 is fed along the radial direction of the housing 200 while revolving around the housing 200 to form an annular groove 220 on the housing 200 .
  • the second roller 20 can also be connected to a linear driving component.
  • the linear driving component drives the second roller 20 to move in the radial direction of the housing 200 so that the second roller 20 can squeeze the housing 200.
  • the constriction portion 230 is formed by compressive deformation along its own radial direction.
  • the housing 200 can rotate around its central axis, the second roller 20 feeds in the radial direction of the housing 200, and the outer peripheral surface of the second roller 20 contacts the housing 200 and squeezes it.
  • the housing 200 is pressed, and the housing 200 shrinks in the radial direction due to the extrusion.
  • a shrinking portion 230 is formed on the housing 200. After the shrinking portion 230 is formed, the second roller 20 moves along the radial direction of the housing 200 and moves away.
  • the housing 200 is sufficient.
  • the housing 200 can also remain stationary, and the second roller 20 rotates around the housing 200 while advancing along the radial direction of the housing 200 to form the constriction portion 230 on the housing 200 .
  • the plane where the third surface 21 is located is between the two opposite surfaces of the first roller 10 along its axial direction. This means that along the radial direction of the housing 200, the projection of the third surface 21 of the second roller 20 falls on the first roller. Within the projection of 10. In this way, when the second roller 20 is fed along the radial direction of the housing 200, the second roller 20 can accurately expand the width of the annular groove 220 in a direction close to the open end 210 of the housing 200.
  • the necking device 100 is provided with a first roller 10 and a second roller 20 that can be fed in the radial direction of the housing 200.
  • the first roller 10 and the second roller 20 are respectively used to form an annular groove 220 and a necking on the housing 200.
  • the neck 230 and the third surface 21 of the second roller 20 are located between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 of the first roller 10, so that when the second roller 20 acts on the housing 200, it can move along the surface of the housing 200.
  • the width of the annular groove 220 is axially expanded toward the open end 210 of the housing 200 to form a constriction portion 230 to prevent the second roller 20 from moving away from the open end 210 of the housing 200 along the axial direction of the housing 200 . Enlarging the annular groove 220 causes the deformation area of the housing 200 to increase, causing the annular groove 220 to fail in limiting the deformation of the housing 200 in the direction of the electrode assembly.
  • the thickness of the first roller 10 is smaller than the thickness of the second roller 20 .
  • the thickness of the first roller 10 refers to the thickness along the axial direction of the first roller 10 .
  • the thickness of the second roller 20 refers to the thickness along the axial direction of the second roller 20 .
  • the thickness of the first roller 10 is consistent with the annular groove 220
  • the width of the second roller 20 along the axial direction of the housing 200 is positively correlated, and the thickness of the second roller 20 is positively correlated with the width of the constriction portion 230 along the axial direction of the housing 200 .
  • the thickness of the first roller 10 is smaller than that of the second roller 20 in order to minimize the width of the annular groove 220 , thereby reducing the deformation of the housing 200 when forming the annular groove 220 .
  • the thickness of the second roller 20 is larger than that of the first roller 10 .
  • the thickness of the roller 10 is so as to meet the width requirement of the constriction portion 230 .
  • Figure 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of the necking device provided in some further embodiments of the present application
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the necking device provided in some further embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view along the N-N direction shown in Figure 8
  • Figure 10 is a partial enlarged view of part B shown in Figure 9 .
  • the necking device 100 also includes an inner mold 30 for supporting the housing 200 from the inside of the housing 200, wherein the first roller 10 and the second roller 20 are disposed around the inner mold 30.
  • the inner mold 30 is used to penetrate into the housing 200 through the open end 210 of the housing 200 to support the housing 200 from the inside of the housing 200, and to limit the depth of the finally formed constriction portion 230 on the housing 200.
  • the inner mold 30 can be connected to a linear driving component, and the linear driving component can drive the inner mold 30 to move along its own axial direction, so as to extend into or exit the housing 200.
  • the inner mold 30 can also be fixed in position. When the position of the inner mold 30 is fixed, the shell 200 is moved along its axial direction so that the open end 210 of the shell 200 is sleeved on the inner mold 30 .
  • the axial direction of the inner mold 30 extends along the axial direction of the housing 200 .
  • the necking device 100 is provided with an inner mold 30.
  • the inner mold 30 plays an internal supporting and limiting role for the shell 200.
  • the inner mold 30 is used to cooperate with the first roller 10 and the second roller 20 to form a deep groove on the shell 200.
  • the annular groove 220 and the constriction portion 230 are controlled.
  • Figure 11 shows an annular concave shape formed on the shell by the first roller of the necking device provided in some embodiments of the present application. Schematic diagram of the state of the groove.
  • Figure 12 is a partial enlarged view of part C shown in Figure 11.
  • the necking device 100 further includes a pressing part 40 , which is disposed around the inner mold 30 .
  • the pressing part 40 is configured to contact the inner mold 30 when the first roller 10 is fed along the radial direction of the housing 200 .
  • the open ends 210 are clamped together to limit outward movement of the open ends 210 .
  • the pressing part 40 is disposed around the inner mold 30.
  • the pressing part 40 can adopt a variety of implementation structures.
  • the pressing part 40 can include a plurality of sub-pressing parts, and the plurality of sub-pressing parts are spaced around the circumference of the housing 200. Distribution, of course, the pressing part 40 can also be an integral structure.
  • the pressing part 40 can be sleeved on the periphery of the inner mold 30.
  • the pressing piece 40 can be a fixed structure integrally connected with the inner mold 30, or can be provided separately and can move along the axial direction of the housing 200.
  • the pressing piece 40 is fixedly connected to the inner mold 30.
  • a limiting gap can be reserved between the fitting 40 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner mold 30.
  • the necking device 100 is provided with a pressing member 40, which cooperates with the inner mold 30 to limit the opening end 210 of the housing 200, so as to limit the opening of the housing 200 when the annular groove 220 is formed on the housing 200.
  • the outward movement of the end 210 is beneficial to ensuring the molding accuracy of the subsequent shrinkage portion 230 .
  • the pressing member 40 is movable along the axial direction of the housing 200 , and the pressing member 40 is configured to fold outward when the second roller 20 feeds along the radial direction of the housing 200 .
  • the open end 210 of the second roller 20 is flattened.
  • the movement of the pressing part 40 can be driven manually or by a linear drive mechanism.
  • the pressing part 40 can be driven and moved using linear driving components such as screw rods, cylinders, and single-axis manipulators.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the first side wall of the annular groove and the first surface of the first roller provided in some embodiments of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a partial enlarged view of part D shown in Figure 13.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of the second roller of the flanging device provided by some embodiments of the present application forming a shrinkage portion on the shell.
  • Figure 16 is a view of Figure 15.
  • 17 is a schematic diagram of the state where the pressing member of the flanging device according to some embodiments of the present application flattens the flanging part on the second roller.
  • Figure 18 is a partial enlarged view of part F shown in Figure 17 Partial enlargement.
  • the diameter of the stressed part of the housing 200 gradually decreases to form a constriction portion 230.
  • the open end 210 of the housing 200 is folded outward to initially form the flange portion 240.
  • the pressing member 40 is driven along the The axial direction of the housing 200 moves toward the second roller 20 , gradually flattening the outwardly folded open end 210 on the fourth surface 22 of the second roller 20 .
  • the pressing part 40 is movable along the axial direction of the housing 200, so that the pressing part 40 has high functional integration.
  • the open end 210 can be clamped Either release the open end 210 between the inner mold 30 and the pressing part 40, and after the constriction part 230 is formed, by controlling the expansion and contraction of the pressing part 40, the flange part 240 formed by the opening end 210 can be flattened,
  • the overall structure has high flexibility and strong functional integration, and the necking and flanging device can effectively improve the necking and flanging efficiency and effect.
  • the pressing member 40 is annular, and the pressing member 40 is sleeved on the inner mold 30 .
  • the pressed member 40 may be an annular member with an integrated structure, or may be an annular structure formed by joining at least two parts.
  • the pressed part 40 may be made of two semi-annular parts joined together to form a ring. structure.
  • the inner mold 30 and the pressing part may be slidably connected to the inner mold 30 through structures such as guide rail assemblies, for example:
  • the inner mold 30 is provided with guide rails extending along the axial direction of the inner mold 30 (that is, the axial direction of the housing 200).
  • the pressing member 40 is provided with guide grooves that cooperate with the guide rails.
  • the guide rails are disposed in the guide grooves so that the inner mold 30 and the pressing part 40 are slidably connected.
  • the guide rails can be provided on the pressing member 40 and the guide grooves can be provided on the inner mold 30 .
  • the pressing part 40 is annular and is sleeved on the inner mold 30. This arrangement effectively ensures the contact area between the pressing part 40 and the flanging part 240, so that the overall flanging part 240 is more stressed along the circumferential direction of the housing 200. Uniformly, further improving the flattening quality and flattening balance and comprehensiveness of the flanging part 240.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the inner mold 30 includes a first outer peripheral surface 31 , a second outer peripheral surface 32 and a step surface 33 .
  • the diameter of the first outer peripheral surface 31 is larger than the second outer peripheral surface 31 .
  • the diameter of the outer peripheral surface 32, the stepped surface 33 connects the first outer peripheral surface 31 and the second outer peripheral surface 32; wherein, the pressing member 40 is annular, and the pressing member 40 is sleeved on the first outer peripheral surface 31, and the stepped surface 33 is used for The open end 210 is clamped together with the pressing member 40 .
  • the second outer peripheral surface 32 is used to cooperate with the first roller 10 to form the annular groove 220 .
  • the second outer peripheral surface 32 is used to cooperate with the second roller 20 to form the constriction portion. 230.
  • the first outer peripheral surface 31 is closer to the open end 210 of the housing 200 along the axial direction of the housing 200 .
  • the diameter of the first outer peripheral surface 31 is larger than the inner diameter of the housing 200 .
  • the diameter of the step surface 33 is It is adapted to the inner diameter of the housing 200 so that the step surface 33 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the housing 200.
  • the second outer peripheral surface 32 is used to cooperate with the first roller 10 to form an annular groove 220 on the housing 200, and It is used to cooperate with the second roller 20 to form the constriction portion 230 on the housing 200, and the second roller 20 exerts force on the housing 200 so that the wall surface of the housing 200 abuts the second outer peripheral surface 32.
  • the housing 200 The open end 210 can be folded and deformed outward along the connection between the step surface 33 and the second outer peripheral surface 32 to form a flange portion 240 .
  • the pressing member 40 is sleeved on the first outer peripheral surface 31 to facilitate the formation of a clamping space for clamping the open end 210 between the inner peripheral surface of the pressing member 40 and the stepped surface 33; the stepped surface 33 is used to connect with the housing.
  • the inner peripheral surface of 200 cooperates to support the housing 200, and at the same time defines the connecting position of the flange portion 240 and the constricted portion 230, and facilitates cooperation with the pressing member 40 to jointly clamp the open end 210.
  • the second outer peripheral surface There is an escape space between 32 and the inner peripheral surface of the housing 200, which facilitates the first roller 10 and the second roller 20 to feed along the radial direction of the housing 200 to form the annular groove 220 and the constriction portion 230 on the housing 200.
  • the second peripheral surface controls the depth of the annular groove 220 and the constricted portion 230, and is convenient for matching with the first roller 10 and the second roller 20 respectively to define the shapes of the annular groove 220 and the constricted portion 230; housing Affected by the diameter difference between the second outer peripheral surface 32 and the step surface 33 , the open end 210 of the second outer peripheral surface 32 is naturally folded outward to form a flange portion 240 at the connection between the second outer peripheral surface 32 and the step surface 33 .
  • the step surface 33 and the second outer peripheral surface 32 transition into a circular arc.
  • the arc transition between the step surface 33 and the second outer peripheral surface 32 enables a smooth transition at the folded part of the flange part 240. This arrangement can effectively avoid fatigue cracks in the case 200 due to stress concentration at the folded part of the casing 200. or even breakage, thereby ensuring the structural strength of the casing 200 .
  • the first roller 10 and the second roller 20 are distributed at intervals along the circumference of the inner mold 30 .
  • first roller 10 and the second roller 20 can each be provided with one or multiple.
  • first roller 10 can be provided with two, three or even more.
  • second roller 20 You can also set up two, three or even more.
  • first rollers 10 and two second rollers 20 there are two first rollers 10 and two second rollers 20 .
  • the two first rollers 10 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner mold 30
  • the two second rollers 20 are also distributed along the circumferential direction of the inner mold 30 .
  • the first roller 10 and the second roller 20 are spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the inner mold 30 to prevent the first roller 10 and the second roller 20 from interfering with each other when feeding along the radial direction of the housing 200 .
  • the necking device 100 further includes a supporting member 50 for supporting the housing 200 .
  • the supporting member 50 may include a fixing mechanism, through which the housing 200 is fixed.
  • the fixing mechanism may use an openable and closable clamping mechanism to achieve detachable fixing of the housing 200, since the fixing of the housing 200 is achieved through the clamping mechanism.
  • the solution is a conventional solution in the necking and flanging process, so the fixing mechanism will not be described in detail in this embodiment.
  • the fixing mechanism may include two oppositely arranged V-shaped blocks and two linear driving parts (such as linear cylinders).
  • each linear drive member is connected to a V-shaped block, and the two linear drive members drive the two V-shaped blocks to move toward each other in the radial direction of the housing 200, so that the housing 200 can be clamped between the two V-shaped blocks.
  • the two linear driving parts drive the two V-shaped blocks to move away from each other in the radial direction of the housing 200, thereby releasing the clamping and positioning of the housing 200.
  • the supporting member 50 can also be provided with a rotational driving mechanism, and the rotational driving mechanism drives the housing 200 fixed by the fixing mechanism to rotate around its own central axis.
  • the rotation drive mechanism may include a turntable driven by a motor.
  • the turntable A fixing mechanism for fixing the housing 200 is provided on the housing. The housing 200 is fixed by the fixing mechanism, and the motor drives the turntable to rotate, thereby driving the housing 200 fixed on the turntable to rotate.
  • the supporting member 50 is provided to support and fix the housing 200 to limit the position of the housing 200 and ensure the force stability of the housing 200.
  • the constriction device 100 further includes a first driving member (not shown in the figure), and the first driving member is used to drive the supporting member 50 to move up and down.
  • the first driving member may be a linear driving member capable of driving the supporting member 50 to move along a straight line.
  • the first driving member may be but is not limited to a single-axis manipulator, a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, a servo electric cylinder, etc., and can be flexibly used according to load requirements in actual applications. Just choose it.
  • the necking device 100 is provided with a first driving member to drive the supporting member 50 up and down, thereby driving the housing 200 to move along its axial direction, so as to facilitate flexible adjustment of the edge of the housing 200 relative to the first roller 10, the second roller 20 and the inner mold 30.
  • the axial distance of the housing 200 is provided with a first driving member to drive the supporting member 50 up and down, thereby driving the housing 200 to move along its axial direction, so as to facilitate flexible adjustment of the edge of the housing 200 relative to the first roller 10, the second roller 20 and the inner mold 30.
  • the first driving member can be used to drive the supporting member 50 along the axial direction of the housing 200.
  • Moving toward the side of the open end 210 of the housing 200 causes the housing 200 to deform, so that the side wall of the annular groove 220 facing the first surface 11 is in contact with the first surface 11 .
  • the necking device 100 includes a first roller 10, a second roller 20, an inner mold 30 and a pressing member 40, the pressing member 40 is arranged around the inner mold 30", the function of the first driving member It can be reflected in:
  • the first driving member may be used to drive the supporting member 50 to move along the axial direction of the housing 200 toward one side of the open end 210 of the housing 200 , so that the opening of the housing 200
  • the end 210 is inserted into the limiting gap between the pressing part 40 and the outer circumferential surface of the inner mold 30, so that the pressing part 40 and the inner mold 30 jointly clamp the open end 210, and the opening end 210 is limited from moving outward.
  • the first driving member can be used to drive the supporting member 50 to move along the axial direction of the housing 200 toward a side away from the open end 210 of the housing 200 , so that the housing 200 can
  • the open end 210 is pulled away from the limiting gap between the pressing member 40 and the outer peripheral surface of the inner mold 30 , and the limit on the open end 210 is released, so that the open end 210 is folded outward to form a flange portion 240 .
  • the first driving member can be used to drive the supporting member 50 to move along the axial direction of the housing 200 toward one side of the open end 210 of the housing 200 , so that the flange portion 240 is formed.
  • 240 is flattened between the pressing member 40 and the second roller 20 .
  • the necking device 100 is used to form a necking portion 230 on the housing 200.
  • the housing 200 has an open end 210.
  • the necking device 100 It includes a first roller 10, a second roller 20, an inner mold 30, a pressing part 40 and a supporting part 50.
  • the first roller 10 is configured to feed along the radial direction of the housing 200 to form the annular groove 220 on the housing 200
  • the second roller 20 is configured to feed along the radial direction of the housing 200 to form the annular groove 220 on the housing 200
  • a shrinking portion 230 and a flanging portion 240 are formed on the casing 200 .
  • the thickness of the first roller 10 is smaller than the thickness of the second roller 20 .
  • the first roller 10 has a first surface 11 and a second surface 12 that are opposite along its axial direction.
  • the second roller 20 has a third surface 21 that is opposite along its axial direction. Compared with the fourth surface 22 , the third surface 21 is farther away from the open end 210 than the fourth surface 22 , and the plane where the third surface 21 is located is between the first surface 11 and the second surface 12 .
  • the inner mold 30 is used to support the housing 200 from the inside of the housing 200 .
  • the first roller 10 and the second roller 20 are disposed around the inner mold 30 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the inner mold 30 includes a first outer peripheral surface 31, a second outer peripheral surface 32 and a stepped surface 33.
  • the diameter of the first outer peripheral surface 31 is larger than the diameter of the second outer peripheral surface 32.
  • the stepped surface 33 connects the first outer peripheral surface 31 and the second outer peripheral surface 32.
  • Two outer peripheral surfaces 32; among them, the pressing member 40 is annular, and is sleeved on the first outer peripheral surface 31.
  • the pressing member 40 is movable along the axial direction of the housing 200.
  • the step surface 33 is used to clamp the open end 210 together with the pressing member 40 , the second outer peripheral surface 32 is used to cooperate with the first roller 10 to form the annular groove 220 , and the second outer peripheral surface 32 is used to cooperate with the second roller 20
  • the shrinkage portion 230 is formed.
  • the supporting member 50 is used to support the housing 200 to fix the position of the housing 200 .
  • the specific steps include:
  • the housing 200 is fixed through the supporting member 50 so that the central axis position of the housing 200 is fixed, and the open end 210 of the housing 200 faces the inner mold 30, and the inner mold 30 passes through the open end.
  • 210 extends into the shell 200, the step surface 33 of the inner mold 30 matches the inner peripheral surface of the shell 200, and the pressing member 40 moves along the axial direction of the inner mold 30 (in the same direction as the axial direction of the shell 200), so that the opening The end 210 is clamped between the step surface 33 and the inner peripheral surface of the pressing member 40;
  • the first roller 10 is driven to feed along the radial direction of the housing 200, and at the same time, the first roller 10 is driven to revolve around the housing 200, so that the revolution radius of the first roller 10 gradually decreases.
  • the roller 10 squeezes the housing 200, and the housing 200 is compressed and deformed until the annular groove 220 fits the second outer peripheral surface 32 of the inner mold 30;
  • the driving housing 200 moves along its axial direction, deforming the housing 200 so that the first surface 11 fits with the first side wall 221 of the annular groove facing the first surface 11 .
  • the pressing member 40 is driven to move in the reverse direction again, so that the open end 210 of the housing 200 is released, the second roller 20 is driven to feed in the radial direction of the housing 200 , and the second roller 20 is driven at the same time.
  • the revolution around the housing 200 causes the revolution radius of the second roller 20 to gradually decrease.
  • the second roller 20 squeezes the housing 200, and the housing 200 is compressed and deformed until the shrinkage portion 230 is in contact with the second outer peripheral surface of the inner mold 30. 32, during this process, the open end 210 of the housing 200 is gradually everted along the connection between the step surface 33 and the second outer peripheral surface 32 to form a preliminary flange portion 240.
  • the pressing member 40 is again driven to move toward the fourth surface 22 of the second roller 20 along the axial direction of the inner mold 30 until the flange portion 240 is flattened on the fourth surface of the second roller 20 . between surface 22 and pressing member 40.
  • the pressing member 40 can flatten the flange portion 240 after the constriction portion 230 is completely formed, or can also be gradually moved while the constriction portion 230 is being formed (that is, during the formation process of the flange portion 240). Until the constriction portion 230 is formed and the flange portion 240 is flattened between the pressing member 40 and the fourth surface 22 of the second roller 20 .
  • Some embodiments of the present application also provide a battery manufacturing equipment, including the necking device 100 described in any of the above solutions.
  • the necking device 100 is used to form the necking portion 230 on the battery case 200 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种缩颈方法、缩颈装置及电池制造设置，缩颈方法用于在壳体上成型缩颈部，所述壳体具有开口端，所述缩颈方法包括：在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽，所述环形凹槽沿所述壳体的周向延伸；向靠近所述开口端的方向扩大所述环形凹槽的宽度，以成型缩颈部。本申请技术方案可有效降低壳体的变形量，保证电极组件的安全性，提高电池单体的性能稳定性；同时，对壳体进行预缩颈处理有效降低壳体在成型缩颈部后变形回弹的风险，从而提高缩颈部的加工精度和结构稳定性。

Description

缩颈方法、缩颈装置及电池制造设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池生产技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种缩颈方法、缩颈装置及电池制造设备。
背景技术
节能减排是汽车产业可持续发展的关键，电动车辆由于其节能环保的优势成为汽车产业可持续发展的重要组成部分。对于电动车辆而言，电池技术又是关乎其发展的一项重要因素。
在圆柱电池生产中，采用卷封技术进行电池单体封装可有效提高封装速度，然而现有技术中采用卷封工艺封装的电池单体短路故障发生率高，严重影响电池单体性能稳定性。
发明内容
本申请提供一种缩颈方法、缩颈装置及电池制造设备，该缩颈方法能够有效降低电池单体短路故障率，提高电池单体性能的稳定性；该缩颈装置能够有效降低壳体变形量，提高壳体缩颈翻边质量。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种缩颈方法，用于在壳体上成型缩颈部，所述壳体具有开口端，所述缩颈方法包括：在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽，所述环形凹槽沿所述壳体的周向延伸；向靠近所述开口端的方向扩大所述环形凹槽的宽度，以成型缩颈部。
上述技术方案中，在对壳体进行缩颈加工时，先在壳体上成型沿壳体的周向延伸的环形凹槽，然后向靠近壳体的开口端的方向扩大环形凹槽的宽度，使其在壳体上成型为缩颈部，在缩颈部形成过程中，壳体的开口端逐渐向外翻折形成翻边部；其中，在壳体卷封封装前，需要预先将电极组件装在壳体内，再在壳体上成型缩颈部(沿壳体的径向，缩颈部的投影不落在电极组件上)，因壳体内预先装入了电极组件，所以在成型缩颈部时，无法在壳体内设置足够长的支撑件限制壳体受压变形，当在壳体上直接成型缩颈部时，位于缩颈部的朝向电极组件的一侧的壳体受压变形量大，壳体变形容易挤压电极组件，导致电极组件容易因受压变形而短路。本申请技术方案在成型缩颈部之前先成型宽度较小的环形凹槽，相当于对壳体进行预缩颈处理，环形凹槽的宽度小于最终成型的缩颈部的宽度，因此壳体成型环形凹槽时受挤压变形的变形量明显小于壳体直接成型缩颈部而受挤压变形的变形量，同时，壳体上的环形凹槽对后续缩颈部成型所导致的壳体变形区域起到限制作用，因壳体在环形凹槽处已发生应力变形，所以在向靠近壳体的开口端的方向扩大环形凹槽的宽度时，环形凹槽有效阻隔压力在壳体上的力传导，降低壳体的变形区域向电极组件方向的曼延量，从而有效缩小壳体的变形区域，防止因壳体形变过大而挤压壳体内部的电极组件，进而有效保证电极组件的安全性，提高电池单体的性能稳定性；同时，对壳体进行预缩颈处理有效降低壳体在成型缩颈部后变形回弹的风险，从而提高缩颈部的加工精度和结构稳定性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽，包括：在成型所述环形凹槽时，对所述开口端进行限位，限制所述开口端向外移动。
上述技术方案中，在成型环形凹槽时对壳体的开口端限位，可有效降低壳体的开口端在成型环形凹槽时的受力变形量，降低因开口端提前变形而影响后续缩颈部成型精度的风险，从而有利于保证壳体缩颈部的成型精度和质量。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述向靠近所述开口端的方向扩大所述环形凹槽的宽度，以成型缩颈部，包括：在扩大所述环形凹槽的宽度时，解除对所述开口端的限位，以使所述开口端向外翻折形成翻边部。
上述技术方案中，在成型缩颈部时解除对开口端的限位，便于开口端随缩颈部的形成而逐渐向外翻折形成翻边部，以达到通过缩颈工艺在壳体的开口端形成翻边部的目的，翻边部用于与封装件进行卷边封装。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述缩颈方法还包括：将所述翻边部压平。
上述技术方案中，在开口端形成翻边部后，对翻边部进行压平，从而使得翻边部向外翻折的角度可控且更加均衡，有效提高翻边部的翻边质量以及翻边部翻折后的稳定性，降低翻边部回弹变形的风险，进而提高翻边部的精度和结构稳定性，有利于提高电池封装精度和良率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽，包括：驱动第一滚轮绕所述壳体公转并沿所述壳体的径向进给，以在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽。
上述技术方案中，第一滚轮绕壳体公转并沿壳体的径向进给，使得第一滚轮的公转半径逐渐减小，第一滚轮在公转过程中挤压壳体，壳体的受力部分沿自身径向向中心方向压缩变形，从而在壳体上成型环形凹槽。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一滚轮具有沿其轴向相对的第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面相比所述第二表面更远离所述开口端；所述在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽，还包括：在驱动所述第一滚轮绕所述壳体公转并沿所述壳体的径向进给之后，驱动所述壳体沿轴向移动，使所述壳体产生变形，使所述第一表面与所述环形凹槽的朝向所述第一表面的侧壁贴合。
上述技术方案中，在环形凹槽成型后，驱动壳体沿轴向运动，使得环形凹槽的朝向第一表面的侧壁与第一滚轮的第一表面贴合，第一表面对环形凹槽的侧壁起到校正限位作用，使得环形凹槽的与第一表面贴合的侧壁(也就是朝向电极组件的侧壁)能够尽量沿壳体的径向延伸，壳体的轴向移动与第一滚轮的限位作用相配合使得壳体的变形得到校正，从而降低壳体因环形凹槽的成型而发生较大变形压迫电极组件的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述向靠近所述开口端的方向扩大所述环形凹槽的宽度，以成型缩颈部，包括：驱动第二滚轮绕所述壳体公转并沿所述壳体的径向进给，以在所述壳体上成型缩颈部；其中，所述第二滚轮具有沿其轴向相对的第三表面和第四表面，所述第三表面相比所述第四表面更远离所述开口端，所述第三表面所在的平面位于所述第一滚轮沿其轴向相对的两个表面之间。
上述技术方案中，第二滚轮绕壳体公转并沿壳体的径向进给，使得第二滚轮的公转半径逐渐减小，第二滚轮在公转过程中挤压壳体，壳体的受力部分沿自身径向向中心方向压缩变形，从而在壳体上成型缩颈部；第二滚轮的第三表面所在平面位于第一滚轮沿轴向相对的两个表面之间，便于沿壳体的轴向向靠近壳体的开口端的方向扩大环形凹槽的宽度。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种缩颈装置，用于在壳体上成型缩颈部，所述壳体具有开口端，所述缩颈装置包括：第一滚轮，所述第一滚轮被配置为可沿所述壳体的径向进给，以在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽；第二滚轮，所述第二滚轮被配置为可沿所述壳体的径向进给，以在所述壳体上成型缩颈部和翻边部；其中，所述第一滚轮具有沿其轴向相对的第一表面和第二表面，所述第二滚轮具有沿其轴向相对的第三表面和第四表面，所述第三表面相比所述第四表面更远离所述开口端，所述第三表面所在的平面位于所述第一表面和所述第二表面之间。
上述技术方案中，缩颈装置设置可沿壳体的径向进给的第一滚轮和第二滚轮，第一滚轮和第二滚轮分别用于在壳体上成型环形凹槽和缩颈部，第二滚轮的第三表面位于第一滚轮的第一表面和第二表面之间，从而使得第二滚轮作用于壳体时，能够沿壳体的轴向向靠近壳体的开口端的方向扩大环形凹槽的宽度而形成缩颈部，避免第二滚轮沿壳体的轴向向远离壳体的开口端的方向扩大环形凹槽而造成壳体变形区域增 大，致使环形凹槽限制壳体向电极组件方向变形的作用失效。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一滚轮的厚度小于所述第二滚轮的厚度。
上述技术方案中，第一滚轮的厚度小于第二滚轮，以便于尽量减小环形凹槽的宽度，从而减小对电极组件的挤压，第二滚轮的厚度大于第一滚轮的厚度，以便于满足缩颈部的宽度要求。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述缩颈装置还包括：内模具，用于从所述壳体的内部支撑所述壳体；其中，所述第一滚轮和所述第二滚轮设置于所述内模具的周围。
上述技术方案中，缩颈装置设置内模具，内模具对壳体起到内部支撑和限位作用，内模具用于与第一滚轮和第二滚轮配合以在壳体上形成深度可控的环形凹槽和缩颈部。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述缩颈装置还包括：压合件，设置在所述内模具的周围，所述压合件被配置为：在所述第一滚轮沿所述壳体的径向进给时，与所述内模具共同夹持所述开口端，以限制所述开口端向外移动。
上述技术方案中，缩颈装置设置压合件，压合件和内模具相配合对壳体的开口端进行限位，便于在壳体上成型环形凹槽时限制壳体的开口端向外移动。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述压合件沿所述壳体的轴向可移动，所述压合件被配置为：在所述第二滚轮沿所述壳体的径向进给时，将向外翻折的所述开口端压平在所述第二滚轮上。
上述技术方案中，压合件沿壳体的轴向可移动，使得压合件具备较高的功能集成性，通过控制压合件沿壳体的轴向伸缩，即可使开口端夹持在内模具和压合件之间或者释放开口端，并且在缩颈部成型后，通过控制压合件的伸缩，即可将开口端形成的翻边部压平，以有效提高壳体的翻边部的精度和质量，整体结构灵活性高，功能集成性强，有效提高缩颈翻边装置的缩颈翻边效率和效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述压合件呈环状，所述压合件套设于所述内模具。
上述技术方案中，压合件呈环状，且套设于内模具，这样的设置有效保证压合件和翻边部的接触面积，使得整体翻边部沿壳体的周向受力更加均匀，进一步提高翻边部压平质量和压平均衡性、全面性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述内模具的外周面包括第一外周面、第二外周面和台阶面，所述第一外周面的直径大于所述第二外周面的直径，所述台阶面连接所述第一外周面和所述第二外周面；其中，所述压合件呈环状，所述压合件套设于所述第一外周面，所述台阶面用于与所述压合件共同夹持所述开口端，所述第二外周面用于与所述第一滚轮配合以成型所述环形凹槽，所述第二外周面用于与所述第二滚轮配合以成型所述缩颈部。
上述技术方案中，压合件套设于第一外周面，便于在压合件的内周面与台阶面之间形成用于夹持开口端的夹持空间；台阶面用于与壳体的内周面配合，以对壳体进行支撑，同时限定翻边部和缩颈部的衔接位置，并便于与压合件配合而共同夹持开口端，第二外周面与壳体的内周面之间具有避让空间，便于第一滚轮和第二滚轮沿壳体的径向进给而在壳体上成型环形凹槽和缩颈部，且第二周面控制环形凹槽和缩颈部的深度，并便于分别与第一滚轮和第二滚轮相配合而限定环形凹槽和缩颈部的形状；壳体的开口端受第二外周面和台阶面的直径差影响，在第二外周面和台阶面的连接处自然向外翻折而形成翻边部。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述台阶面与所述第二外周面圆弧过渡。
上述技术方案中，台阶面与第二外周面圆弧过渡，使得翻边部的翻折处能够平滑过渡，避免壳体的翻折处因应力集中而使壳体产生疲劳裂纹甚至断裂的问题，从而保证壳体的结构强度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一滚轮和所述第二滚轮沿所述内模具的周向间隔分布。
上述技术方案中，第一滚轮和第二滚轮沿内模具的周向间隔分布，避免第一滚 轮和第二滚轮相互干涉。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述缩颈装置还包括：承托件，用于承托所述壳体。
上述技术方案中，设置承托件承托和固定壳体，以保证壳体受力稳定性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述缩颈装置还包括：第一驱动件，用于驱动所述承托件升降。
上述技术方案中，缩颈装置设置第一驱动件驱动承托件升降，从而带动壳体沿其轴向运动，便于灵活调节壳体相对于第一滚轮、第二滚轮以及内模具的沿壳体的轴向的距离。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种电池制造设备，包括上述任一项技术方案所述的缩颈装置，所述缩颈装置用于在电池壳体上成型缩颈部。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1图1为成型有缩颈部和翻边部的壳体的结构示意图；
图2为成型有环形凹槽的壳体的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一些实施例提供的翻边方法的流程示意图；
图4为本申请一些实施例提供的翻边方法中利用第一滚轮在壳体上成型环形凹槽的状态示意图；
图5为图4所示的A部分的局部放大图；
图6为本申请一些实施例提供的缩颈装置与壳体配合的主视图；
图7为本申请又一些实施例提供的缩颈装置的立体结构示意图；
图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的缩颈装置的俯视图；
图9为图8所示的N-N向的剖视图；
图10为图9所示的B部分的局部放大图；
图11为本申请一些实施例提供的缩颈装置的第一滚轮在壳体上成型环形凹槽的状态示意图；
图12为图11所示的C部分的局部放大图；
图13为本申请一些实施例提供的环形凹槽的第一侧壁与第一滚轮的第一表面贴合的状态示意图；
图14为图13所示的D部分的局部放大图；
图15为本申请一些实施例提供的翻边装置的第二滚轮在壳体上成型缩颈部的状态示意图；
图16为图15所示的E部分的局部放大图；
图17为本申请一些实施例提供的翻边装置的压合件将翻边部压平在第二滚轮的状态示意图；
图18为图17所示的F部分的局部放大图；
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：100-缩颈装置；10-第一滚轮；11-第一表面；12-第二表面；20-第二滚轮；21-第三表面；22-第四表面；30-内模具；31-第一外周面；32-第二外周面；33-台阶面；40-压合件；50-承托件；200-壳体；210-开口端；220-环形凹槽；221-第一侧壁；222-第二侧壁；230-缩颈部；240-翻边部；W-第三表面所在平面。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此，以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围，而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
下面将结合附图对本申请技术方案的实施例进行详细的描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本申请的技术方案，因此只作为示例，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本文中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“第一”“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量、特定顺序或主次关系。在本申请实施例的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请实施例的描述中，术语“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
在本申请实施例的描述中，技术术语“中心”“纵向”“横向”“长度”“宽度”“厚度”“上”“下”“前”“后”“左”“右”“竖直”“水平”“顶”“底”“内”“外”“顺时针”“逆时针”“轴向”“径向”“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。
在本申请实施例的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，技术术语“设置”“安装”“相连”“连接”“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接、信号连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的卷封是指封装的一种类型，用于刚性、半刚性容器的一种封口工艺，卷封又称卷边封，卷封是指将翻边的容器本体与容器盖的周边互相钩合、卷曲并压紧而使容器密封，卷封可用于铁容器、铝容器等金属容器或其他材质的刚性、半刚性容器。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包 等。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。
电池单体包括壳体、端盖、电极组件和电解液，壳体具有开口，用于向壳体内装入电极组件、电解液及其他部件，电极组件和电解液收容于壳体内，端盖用于封闭壳体的开口。端盖与壳体的连接目前主要有焊接和卷封两种方式。其中，卷封作为一种高效快捷的封口方式，被越来越多的应用到圆柱形电池单体的生产制造中。
电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
在圆柱电池生产中，采用卷封技术进行电池单体封装可有效提高封装速度，然而，申请人发现，采用卷封工艺封装的电池单体短路故障发生率高，严重影响电池单体性能稳定性。
申请人研究发现，采用卷封工艺对电池单体的壳体进行封口前，需要在壳体靠近其开口的一端成型缩颈部和翻边部，具体为(请参照图1，图1为成型有缩颈部和翻边部的壳体的结构示意图)：将电极组件装入壳体后，对壳体进行缩颈处理使壳体成型缩颈部，随着缩颈部成型，壳体的开口端逐渐向外翻折而形成翻边部，最终翻边部与盖体通过卷封工艺连接，从而使得壳体的内腔形成封闭空间。而在壳体上成型缩颈部时，位于缩颈部的朝向电极组件的一侧的壳体会因缩颈部受压而发生较大变形，且变形区域向电极组件的方向辐射，变形的壳体容易挤压电极组件，导致电极组件容易因受压而产生变形，从而容易发生短路故障。
基于以上问题，为了解决壳体成型缩颈部时变形过大而挤压电极组件导致电极组件受损的问题，申请人经过研究提出了一种缩颈方法，用于在壳体上成型缩颈部，本申请的缩颈方法首先在壳体上成型沿壳体的周向延伸的环形凹槽，然后向靠近壳体的开口端的方向扩大环形凹槽的宽度，使其成型为缩颈部。
本申请技术方案在成型缩颈部之前先成型宽度较小的环形凹槽，相当于对壳体进行预缩颈处理，环形凹槽的宽度小于最终成型的缩颈部的宽度，因此壳体成型环形凹槽时受挤压变形的变形量明显小于壳体直接成型缩颈部而受挤压变形的变形量，同时，壳体上的环形凹槽对后续缩颈部成型所导致的壳体变形区域起到限制作用，因壳体在环形凹槽处已发生应力变形，所以在向靠近壳体的开口端的方向扩大环形凹槽的宽度时，环形凹槽有效阻隔压力在壳体上的力传导，降低壳体的变形区域向电极组件方向的曼延量，从而有效缩小壳体的变形区域，防止因壳体形变过大而挤压壳体内部的电极组件，进而有效保证电极组件的安全性，提高电池单体的安全性能。
并且，本申请相较于直接在壳体上成型缩颈部的方法，可有效降低缩颈部的成型难度；同时，对壳体进行预缩颈处理可有效降低壳体在成型缩颈部后变形回弹的风险，从而提高缩颈部的加工精度和结构稳定性。
本申请实施例公开的缩颈方法和缩颈装置可以但不限用于电池的壳体、固体或液体食品的壳体、化工用品的壳体等等。为了描述简洁清楚，以下实施例均以电池壳 体的缩颈加工为例进行说明。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图1并进一步参照图2和图3，图2为成型有环形凹槽的壳体的结构示意图，图3为本申请一些实施例提供的翻边方法的流程示意图，本实施例提供的缩颈方法用于在壳体200上成型缩颈部230，壳体200具有开口端210，缩颈方法包括以下步骤：
S1：在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220，环形凹槽220沿壳体200的周向延伸；
S2：向靠近开口端210的方向扩大环形凹槽220的宽度，以成型缩颈部230。
缩颈部230是指壳体200受挤压变形而径向收缩的部位，如图1所示，壳体的轴向沿X方向延伸，壳体的径向垂直于X方向，在成型缩颈部230同时，壳体200的开口端210向外弯折而形成下述的翻边部240。翻边部240用于与端盖(未示出)的边缘部一起卷绕，实现卷封。
环形凹槽220沿壳体200的周向延伸，与成型缩颈部同理，可以通过使壳体200受挤压变形而径向收缩形成环形凹槽220。
在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220可以采用多种实施方式，本实施例不对其做唯一性限定。示例性的，可以采用沿壳体200的径向可移动的滚轮，滚轮可绕自身的中心轴线旋转，滚轮的中心轴线与壳体200的中心轴线平行，在壳体200上形成环形凹槽220时，壳体200绕自身的中心轴线旋转，滚轮沿壳体200的径向进给，滚轮的外周面接触壳体200并挤压壳体200，壳体200受挤压变成而径向收缩，在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220，环形凹槽220成型后，滚轮沿壳体200的径向移动并远离壳体200即可。
当然，在其他一些实施例中，壳体200可以保持静止，滚轮绕壳体200公转的同时沿壳体200的径向进给，以在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220。
同样的，在壳体200上成型缩颈部230可以采用沿壳体200的径向可移动的滚轮，滚轮可绕自身的中心轴线旋转，滚轮的中心轴线与壳体200的中心轴线平行，在壳体200上形成环形凹槽220时，壳体200绕自身的中心轴线旋转，滚轮沿壳体200的径向进给，滚轮的外周面接触壳体200并挤压壳体200，壳体200受挤压变成而径向收缩，在壳体200上成型缩颈部230，缩颈部230成型后，滚轮沿壳体200的径向移动并远离壳体200即可。
当然，在其他一些实施例中，壳体200可以保持静止，滚轮绕壳体200公转的同时沿壳体200的径向进给，以在壳体200上成型缩颈部230。
本申请技术方案在成型缩颈部230之前成型宽度较小的环形凹槽220，相当于对壳体200进行预缩颈处理，相较于直接在壳体200上成型缩颈部230的方法，可有效降低缩颈部230的成型难度；并且，壳体200成型环形凹槽220时受挤压变形的变形量明显小于壳体200直接成型缩颈部230而受挤压变形的变形量，同时，壳体200上的环形凹槽220对后续缩颈部230成型所导致的壳体200变形区域起到限制作用，因壳体200在环形凹槽220处已发生应力变形，所以在向靠近壳体200的开口端210的方向扩大环形凹槽220的宽度时，环形凹槽220有效阻隔压力在壳体200上的力传导，降低壳体200的变形区域向电极组件方向的曼延量，从而有效缩小壳体200的变形区域，防止因壳体200形变过大而挤压壳体200内部的电极组件，进而有效保证电极组件的安全性，提高电池单体的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220时，对壳体200的开口端210进行限位，以限制开口端210向外移动。
向外移动是指向背离壳体200的中心轴线的方向移动。
当在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220时，壳体200会因受力而产生变形，壳体200的变形不仅表现在环形凹槽220的成型部位，壳体200的开口端210也会因环形凹槽220的形成而向外移动，壳体200的开口端210向外移动后，其形状的规则性降低，不利于缩颈部230的精度和质量控制。
可以理解的是，在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220时，因壳体200发生形变，壳体200的开口端210在壳体200的轴向上的位置会发生一定改变，因此，在对壳体200 的开口端210进行限位时并不限制开口端210的轴向移动。
在成型环形凹槽220时对壳体200的开口端210限位，可有效降低壳体200的开口端210在成型环形凹槽220时的受力变形量，从而降低因开口端210提前变形而影响后续缩颈部230成型精度的风险，有利于保证壳体200缩颈部230的成型精度和质量。
根据本申请的一些实施例，向靠近开口端210的方向扩大环形凹槽220的宽度以成型缩颈部230时，解除对开口端210的限位，以使开口端210向外翻折形成翻边部240。
如上所述，在成型缩颈部230同时，壳体200的开口端210向外弯折而形成翻边部240，也就是说，翻边部240可以因壳体200受挤压变形、随缩颈部230的成型而自然向外翻折形成翻边部240，因此，壳体200的开口端210在缩颈部230成型时处于自由状态，便于壳体200在成型缩颈部230的同时，开口端210向外翻折形成翻边部240。
在成型缩颈部230时解除对开口端210的限位，便于开口端210随缩颈部230的形成而逐渐向外翻折形成翻边部240，以达到通过缩颈工艺直接在壳体200的开口端210形成翻边部240的目的。
根据本申请的一些实施例，缩颈方法还包括：在壳体200的开口端210向外翻折形成翻边部240后，将翻边部240压平。
将翻边部240压平是指对翻边部240进行整形，使得整个翻边部240位于或趋于同一平面，压平后的翻边部240相较于壳体200的轴向的翻折角度可以是直角也可以是锐角，可根据实际卷封需求限定翻边部240相较于壳体200的轴向的翻折角度，示例性的，压平后的翻边部240相较于壳体200的轴向的翻折角度可以为90度，也就是说，压平后的翻边部240与壳体200的轴向垂直。
在开口端210形成翻边部240后，对翻边部240进行压平，从而使得翻边部240向外翻折的角度可控且更加均衡，有效提高翻边部240的翻边质量以及翻边部240翻折后的稳定性，降低翻边部240回弹变形的风险，进而提高翻边部240的精度和结构稳定性，有利于提高电池封装精度和良率。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图4和图5，图4为本申请一些实施例提供的翻边方法中利用第一滚轮在壳体上成型环形凹槽的状态示意图，
图5为图4所示的A部分的局部放大图。在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220包括：驱动第一滚轮10绕壳体200公转并沿壳体200的径向进给，以在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220。
可以理解的是，第一滚轮10可以绕自身的中心轴线自转，以降低第一滚轮10和壳体200的摩擦力，第一滚轮10的中心轴线可以与壳体200的中心轴线平行。
第一滚轮10绕壳体200公转并沿壳体200的径向进给的驱动方向可以采用人工搭配机械机构的方式实现，也可以采用自动化驱动件实现，示例性的，可以设置旋转驱动机构和直线驱动机构，直线驱动机构驱动第一滚轮10沿壳体200的径向移动，旋转驱动机构驱动第一滚轮10绕壳体200公转，直线驱动机构和旋转驱动机构配合，驱动第一滚轮10绕壳体200公转的同时沿壳体200的径向进给，也就是说，驱动第一滚轮10绕壳体200公转且公转半径逐渐缩小，以对壳体200进行挤压，在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220。
需要说明的是，当第一滚轮10绕壳体200公转时，壳体200可以保持静止状态，当然，壳体200也可以绕自身的中心轴线旋转，但壳体200的旋转方向应该与第一滚轮10的公转方向相反。
第一滚轮10绕壳体200公转并沿壳体200的径向进给，使得第一滚轮10的公转半径逐渐减小，第一滚轮10在公转过程中挤压壳体200，壳体200的受力部分沿自身径向向中心方向压缩变形，从而在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图5所示，第一滚轮10具有沿其轴向相对的第一表面11和第二表面12，第一表面11相比第二表面12更远离开口端210；在壳体 200上成型环形凹槽220还包括：在驱动第一滚轮10绕壳体200公转并沿壳体200的径向进给之后，驱动壳体200沿轴向移动，使壳体200产生变形，使第一表面11与环形凹槽220的朝向第一表面11的侧壁贴合。
如图5所示，环形凹槽220包括沿壳体200的轴向相对的第一侧壁221和第二侧壁222，第一侧壁221相比第二侧壁222更远离开口端210，第一侧壁221朝向第一滚轮10的第一表面11，第二侧壁222朝向第一滚轮10的第二表面12。
如图4和图5所示，在壳体200仅受第一滚轮10的挤压力的情况下，壳体200径向变形成型环形凹槽220后，环形凹槽220的第一侧壁221容易形成倾斜面，此时驱动壳体200沿其轴向移动，第一侧壁221会逐渐靠近第一滚轮10，第一滚轮10的第一表面11对第一侧壁221起到限位作用，使得第一侧壁221的倾斜角度发生改变，直至第一侧壁221与壳体200的中心轴线垂直或趋近于垂直。
壳体200的轴向移动与第一滚轮10的限位作用相配合使得壳体200的变形得到较大程度校正，从而降低壳体200因环形凹槽220的成型而发生较大变形压迫电极组件的风险。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图6，图6为本申请一些实施例提供的缩颈装置与壳体配合的主视图；向靠近开口端210的方向扩大环形凹槽220的宽度，以成型缩颈部230，包括：驱动第二滚轮20绕壳体200公转并沿壳体200的径向进给，以在壳体200上成型缩颈部230；其中，第二滚轮20具有沿其轴向相对的第三表面21和第四表面22，第三表面21相比第四表面22更远离开口端210，第三表面21所在平面W位于第一滚轮10沿其轴向相对的两个表面之间。
可以理解的是，与第一滚轮10结构相似，第二滚轮20可以绕自身的中心轴线自转，以降低第二滚轮20和壳体200的摩擦力，第二滚轮20的中心轴线可以与壳体200的中心轴线平行。
第二滚轮20绕壳体200公转并沿壳体200的径向进给的驱动方向可以采用人工搭配机械机构的方式实现，也可以采用自动化驱动件实现，示例性的，可以设置旋转驱动机构和直线驱动机构，直线驱动机构驱动第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向移动，旋转驱动机构驱动第二滚轮20绕壳体200公转，直线驱动机构和旋转驱动机构配合，驱动第二滚轮20绕壳体200公转的同时沿壳体200的径向进给，也就是说，驱动第二滚轮20绕壳体200公转且公转半径逐渐缩小，以对壳体200进行挤压，在壳体200上成型缩颈部230。
需要说明的是，当第二滚轮20绕壳体200公转时，壳体200可以保持静止状态，当然，壳体200也可以绕自身的中心轴线旋转，但壳体200的旋转方向应该与第二滚轮20的公转方向相反。
第三表面21所在的平面位于第一滚轮10沿其轴向相对的两个表面之间是指：沿壳体200的径向，第二滚轮20的第三表面21的投影落在第一滚轮10的投影内。这样，当第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向进给后，第二滚轮20能够准确的向靠近壳体200的开口端210的方向扩大环形凹槽220的宽度。
第二滚轮20绕壳体200公转并沿壳体200的径向进给，使得第二滚轮20的公转半径逐渐减小，第二滚轮20在公转过程中挤压壳体200，壳体200的受力部分沿自身径向向中心方向压缩变形，从而在壳体200上成型缩颈部230；第二滚轮20的第三表面所在平面W位于第一滚轮10沿轴向相对的两个表面之间，便于第二滚轮20在沿壳体200的径向进给后，能够向靠近壳体200的开口端210的方向扩大环形凹槽220的宽度。
请继续参照图1至图6,本申请一些实施例提供了一种缩颈装置100，缩颈装置100用于在壳体200上成型缩颈部230，壳体200具有开口端210，缩颈装置100包括第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20，第一滚轮10被配置为可沿壳体200的径向进给，以在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220；第二滚轮20被配置为可沿壳体200的径向进给，以在壳体200上成型缩颈部230和翻边部240。
其中，第一滚轮10具有沿其轴向相对的第一表面11和第二表面12，第二 滚轮20具有沿其轴向相对的第三表面21和第四表面22，第三表面21相比第四表面22更远离开口端210，第三表面21所在的平面位于第一表面11和第二表面12之间。
如上所述，第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20可以绕自身的中心轴线自转，以降低第一滚轮10和壳体200的摩擦力，第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20的中心轴线可以与壳体200的中心轴线平行。
第一表面11和第二表面12指第一滚轮10的沿其自身轴向相对的两侧面，第三表面21和第四表面22指第二滚轮20的沿其自身轴向相对的两侧面。
第一滚轮10可以连接直线驱动件，直线驱动件驱动第一滚轮10沿壳体200的径向移动，以使第一滚轮10能够挤压壳体200，壳体200受力后沿自身的径向压缩变形而形成环形凹槽220。
在壳体200上形成环形凹槽220时，壳体200可以绕自身的中心轴线旋转，第一滚轮10沿壳体200的径向进给，第一滚轮10的外周面接触壳体200并挤压壳体200，壳体200受挤压变成而径向收缩，在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220，环形凹槽220成型后，第一滚轮10沿壳体200的径向移动并远离壳体200即可。
当然，在其他一些实施例中，壳体200也可以保持静止，第一滚轮10绕壳体200公转的同时沿壳体200的径向进给，以在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220。
同样的，第二滚轮20也可以连接直线驱动件，直线驱动件驱动第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向移动，以使第二滚轮20能够挤压壳体200，壳体200受力后沿自身的径向压缩变形而形成缩颈部230。
在壳体200上形成缩颈部230时，壳体200可以绕自身的中心轴线旋转，第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向进给，第二滚轮20的外周面接触壳体200并挤压壳体200，壳体200受挤压变成而径向收缩，在壳体200上成型缩颈部230，缩颈部230成型后，第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向移动并远离壳体200即可。
当然，在其他一些实施例中，壳体200也可以保持静止，第二滚轮20绕壳体200公转的同时沿壳体200的径向进给，以在壳体200上成型缩颈部230。
第三表面21所在的平面位于第一滚轮10沿其轴向相对的两个表面之间是指：沿壳体200的径向，第二滚轮20的第三表面21的投影落在第一滚轮10的投影内。这样，当第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向进给后，第二滚轮20能够准确的向靠近壳体200的开口端210的方向扩大环形凹槽220的宽度。
缩颈装置100设置可沿壳体200的径向进给的第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20，第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20分别用于在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220和缩颈部230，第二滚轮20的第三表面21位于第一滚轮10的第一表面11和第二表面12之间，从而使得第二滚轮20作用于壳体200时，能够沿壳体200的轴向向靠近壳体200的开口端210的方向扩大环形凹槽220的宽度而形成缩颈部230，避免第二滚轮20沿壳体200的轴向向远离壳体200的开口端210的方向扩大环形凹槽220而造成壳体200变形区域增大，致使环形凹槽220限制壳体200向电极组件方向变形的作用失效。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图6所示，第一滚轮10的厚度小于第二滚轮20的厚度。
第一滚轮10的厚度是指沿第一滚轮10轴向的厚度，同样的，第二滚轮20的厚度是指沿第二滚轮20轴向的厚度，第一滚轮10的厚度与环形凹槽220的沿壳体200的轴向的宽度呈正相关，第二滚轮20的厚度与缩颈部230的沿壳体200的轴向的宽度呈正相关。
第一滚轮10的厚度小于第二滚轮20，以便于尽量减小环形凹槽220的宽度，从而有利于降低成型环形凹槽220时壳体200的变形量，第二滚轮20的厚度大于第一滚轮10的厚度，以便于满足缩颈部230的宽度要求。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请参照图6，并进一步参照图7至图10，图7为本申请又一些实施例提供的缩颈装置的立体结构示意图，图8为本申请又一些实施例提供的缩颈装置的俯视图，图9为图8所示的N-N向的剖视图，图10为图9所示的B部分的局部放大图。缩颈装置100还包括内模具30，内模具30用于从壳体200的内 部支撑壳体200，其中，第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20设置于内模具30的周围。
内模具30用于经壳体200的开口端210探入壳体200以从壳体200的内部支撑壳体200，且对壳体200上最终成型的缩颈部230的深度起到限位作用，内模具30可以连接直线驱动件，直线驱动件驱动内模具30可沿其自身的轴向运动，以便于伸入壳体200或退出壳体200，当然，内模具30也可以位置固定，当内模具30位置固定时，将壳体200沿其轴向移动使壳体200的开口端210套设于内模具30即可。
其中，内模具30的轴向沿壳体200的轴向延伸。
缩颈装置100设置内模具30，内模具30对壳体200起到内部支撑和限位作用，内模具30用于与第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20配合以在壳体200上形成深度可控的环形凹槽220和缩颈部230。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请继续参照图7至图10，并进一步参照图11和图12，图11为本申请一些实施例提供的缩颈装置的第一滚轮在壳体上成型环形凹槽的状态示意图，图12为图11所示的C部分的局部放大图。缩颈装置100还包括压合件40，压合件40设置在内模具30的周围，压合件40被配置为在第一滚轮10沿壳体200的径向进给时，与内模具30共同夹持开口端210，以限制开口端210向外移动。
压合件40设置在内模具30的周围，压合件40可以采用多种实施结构，比如：压合件40可以包括多个子压合部，多个子压合部绕壳体200的周向间隔分布，当然，压合件40也可以为一个整体结构，为了提高压合件40的压合面积，压合件40可以套设于内模具30的外围。
其中，压合件40可以为与内模具30一体连接的固定结构，也可以单独设置，且可沿壳体200的轴向移动，示例性的，压合件40与内模具30固定连接，压合件40与内模具30的外周面之间可以预留限位间隙，在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220时，驱动壳体200沿其轴向运动，使壳体200的开口端210插入内模具30和压合件40之间的限位间隙，即可实现压合件40与内模具30共同夹持开口端210的目的。
缩颈装置100设置压合件40，压合件40和内模具30相配合对壳体200的开口端210进行限位，便于在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220时限制壳体200的开口端210向外移动，有利于保证后续缩颈部230的成型精度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，压合件40沿壳体200的轴向可移动，压合件40被配置为在第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向进给时，将向外翻折的开口端210压平在第二滚轮20上。
压合件40的移动可以采用手动驱动也可以通过直线驱动机构驱动，比如，压合件40可以使用丝杆、气缸、单轴机械手等直线驱动件驱动移动。
请继续参照图11和图12，并进一步参照图13至图18,图13为本申请一些实施例提供的环形凹槽的第一侧壁与第一滚轮的第一表面贴合的状态示意图，图14为图13所示的D部分的局部放大图，图15为本申请一些实施例提供的翻边装置的第二滚轮在壳体上成型缩颈部的状态示意图，图16为图15所示的E部分的局部放大图，17为本申请一些实施例提供的翻边装置的压合件将翻边部压平在第二滚轮的状态示意图，图18为图17所示的F部分的局部放大图。
在第一滚轮10在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220后，第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向进给时，壳体200的受力部位的直径逐渐减小而形成缩颈部230，随着缩颈部230的形成，壳体200的开口端210向外翻折初步形成翻边部240，在第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向进给时，驱动压合件40沿壳体200的轴向朝向第二滚轮20移动，逐步将向外翻折的开口端210压平在第二滚轮20的第四表面22上。
压合件40沿壳体200的轴向可移动，使得压合件40具备较高的功能集成性，通过控制压合件40沿壳体200的轴向伸缩，即可使开口端210夹持在内模具30和压合件40之间或者释放开口端210，并且在缩颈部230成型后，通过控制压合件40的伸缩，即可将开口端210形成的翻边部240压平，以有效提高壳体200的翻边部240的精度和质量，整体结构灵活性高，功能集成性强，有效提高缩颈翻边装置的缩颈翻边效率和效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请再次参照图7，压合件40呈环状，压合件40套设于内模具30。
其中，压合件可以为一体结构的环形件，也可以由至少两个分部拼合而成的环状结构，示例性的，压合件40可以由两个半环形的分部拼合形成环状结构。
在另一些实施例中，为了提高压合件40沿壳体200的轴向运动的稳定性，内模具30和压合件可通过导轨组件等结构可滑动地连接于内模具30，比如：可以在内模具30上设置沿内模具30的轴向(即壳体200的轴向)延伸的导轨，在压合件40上设置与导轨配合的导槽，导轨穿设于导槽内使内模具30和压合件40滑动连接即可。当然，将导轨设置于压合件40，将导槽设置于内模具30亦可。
压合件40呈环状，且套设于内模具30，这样的设置有效保证压合件40和翻边部240的接触面积，使得整体翻边部240沿壳体200的周向受力更加均匀，进一步提高翻边部240压平质量和压平均衡性、全面性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请再次参照图12和图16，内模具30的外周面包括第一外周面31、第二外周面32和台阶面33，第一外周面31的直径大于第二外周面32的直径，台阶面33连接第一外周面31和第二外周面32；其中，压合件40呈环状，压合件40套设于第一外周面31，台阶面33用于与压合件40共同夹持开口端210，第二外周面32用于与第一滚轮10配合以成型环形凹槽220，第二外周面32用于与第二滚轮20配合以成型缩颈部230。
如图12和图16所示，第一外周面31沿壳体200的轴向更靠近壳体200的开口端210，第一外周面31的直径大于壳体200的内径，台阶面33的直径与壳体200的内径适配，以使台阶面33和壳体200的内周面抵接，第二外周面32用于与第一滚轮10配合在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220，且用于与第二滚轮20配合在壳体200上成型缩颈部230，且第二滚轮20向壳体200施力使得壳体200的壁面抵接于第二外周面32过程中，壳体200的开口端210能够沿台阶面33和第二外周面32的连接处向外翻折变形而形成翻边部240。
压合件40套设于第一外周面31，便于在压合件40的内周面与台阶面33之间形成用于夹持开口端210的夹持空间；台阶面33用于与壳体200的内周面配合，以对壳体200进行支撑，同时限定翻边部240和缩颈部230的衔接位置，并便于与压合件40配合而共同夹持开口端210，第二外周面32与壳体200的内周面之间具有避让空间，便于第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向进给而在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220和缩颈部230，且第二周面控制环形凹槽220和缩颈部230的深度，并便于分别与第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20相配合而限定环形凹槽220和缩颈部230的形状；壳体200的开口端210受第二外周面32和台阶面33的直径差影响，在第二外周面32和台阶面33的连接处自然向外翻折而形成翻边部240。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图12所示，台阶面33与第二外周面32圆弧过渡。
台阶面33与第二外周面32圆弧过渡，使得翻边部240的翻折处能够平滑过渡，这样的设置可以有效避免壳体200的翻折处因应力集中而使壳体200产生疲劳裂纹甚至断裂的问题，从而保证壳体200的结构强度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，请再次参照图8，第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20沿内模具30的周向间隔分布。
可以理解的是，第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20可以各设置一个，也可以各设置多个，比如第一滚轮10可以设置两个、三个甚至更多个，同样的，第二滚轮20也可以设置两个、三个甚至更多个。
示例性的，如图8所示，第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20各设置有两个，两个第一滚轮10沿内模具30的周向均布，两个第二滚轮20也沿内模具30的周向均布，同时，任意一个第一滚轮10和任意一个第二滚轮20均沿内模具30的周向间隔分布。
第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20沿内模具30的周向间隔分布，避免第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向进给时相互干涉。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图8和图11所示，缩颈装置100还包括承托件50，用于承托壳体200。
如前所述，在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220和缩颈部230时，壳体200可以保持静止状态也可以保持绕自身中心轴线旋转的状态，当需要壳体200保持静止状态时，承托件50可以包括固定机构，通过固定机构固定壳体200，固定机构可以采用可开合的夹持机构以实现壳体200的可拆卸固定，由于通过夹持机构实现壳体200的固定的方案为缩颈翻边工艺中的常规方案，故本实施例不对固定机构进行赘述，示例性地，固定机构可以包括两个相向设置的V型块和两个直线驱动件(比如直线气缸)，每个直线驱动件的驱动端连接一个V型块，两个直线驱动件驱动两个V型块沿壳体200的径向相向移动，即可将壳体200夹紧在两个V型块之间，两个两个直线驱动件驱动两个V型块沿壳体200的径向相背移动，即可释放对壳体200的夹持定位。
如果需要壳体200可绕自身的中心轴线旋转，则承托件50还可以设置旋转驱动机构，旋转驱动机构驱动经固定机构固定的壳体200绕其自身的中心轴线旋转。由于通过旋转驱动机构驱动壳体200旋转的方案为缩颈翻边工艺中的常规方案，故本实施例不对旋转驱动机构进行赘述，示例性地，旋转驱动机构可以包括由电机驱动的转盘，转盘上设置用于固定壳体200的固定机构，壳体200经固定机构固定，电机驱动转盘旋转，从而带动固定在转盘上的壳体200旋转即可。
设置承托件50承托和固定壳体200，以限定壳体200的位置，保证壳体200受力稳定性。
根据本申请的一些实施例，缩颈装置100还包括第一驱动件(图中未示出)，第一驱动件用于驱动承托件50升降。
第一驱动件可以为能够驱动承托件50沿直线运动的直线驱动件，第一驱动件可以但不限于单轴机械手、气缸、液压缸、伺服电缸等，在实际应用中根据负载需求灵活选用即可。
缩颈装置100设置第一驱动件驱动承托件50升降，从而带动壳体200沿其轴向运动，便于灵活调节壳体200相对于第一滚轮10、第二滚轮20以及内模具30的沿壳体200的轴向的距离。
具体而言，在第一滚轮10沿壳体200的径向进给而在壳体200上成型环形凹槽220后，第一驱动件可以用于驱动承托件50沿壳体200的轴向朝向壳体200的开口端210的一侧移动，使壳体200发生变形，使环形凹槽220的朝向第一表面11的侧壁与第一表面11贴合。
并且，基于“缩颈装置100包括第一滚轮10、第二滚轮20、内模具30和压合件40，压合件40设置在内模具30的周围”的实施模式，第一驱动件的功能可以体现在：
在壳体200成型环形凹槽220前，第一驱动件可以用于驱动承托件50沿壳体200的轴向朝向壳体200的开口端210的一侧移动，以使壳体200的开口端210插入压合件40与内模具30的外周面之间的限位间隙，使得压合件40和内模具30共同夹持开口端210，限位开口端210向外移动。
在壳体200成型缩颈部230前，第一驱动件可以用于驱动承托件50沿壳体200的轴向朝背离壳体200的开口端210的一侧移动，以使壳体200的开口端210抽离压合件40与内模具30的外周面之间的限位间隙，解除对开口端210的限位，以使开口端210向外翻折形成翻边部240。
在开口端向外翻折形成翻边部240后，第一驱动件可以用于驱动承托件50沿壳体200的轴向朝向壳体200的开口端210的一侧移动，使翻边部240压平在压合件40和第二滚轮20之间。
请参照图6至图18，本申请一些实施例提供一种缩颈装置100，缩颈装置100用于在壳体200上成型缩颈部230，壳体200具有开口端210，缩颈装置100包括第一滚轮10、第二滚轮20、内模具30、压合件40和承托件50。
第一滚轮10被配置为可沿壳体200的径向进给，以在壳体200上成型环形 凹槽220，第二滚轮20被配置为可沿壳体200的径向进给，以在壳体200上成型缩颈部230和翻边部240。第一滚轮10的厚度小于第二滚轮20的厚度，第一滚轮10具有沿其轴向相对的第一表面11和第二表面12，第二滚轮20具有沿其轴向相对的第三表面21和第四表面22，第三表面21相比第四表面22更远离开口端210，第三表面21所在的平面位于第一表面11和第二表面12之间。
内模具30用于从壳体200的内部支撑壳体200，第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20设置于内模具30的周围。其中，第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20均设置有两个，且第一滚轮10和第二滚轮20绕内模具30的周向间隔分布。
内模具30的外周面包括第一外周面31、第二外周面32和台阶面33，第一外周面31的直径大于第二外周面32的直径，台阶面33连接第一外周面31和第二外周面32；其中，压合件40呈环状，压合件40套设于第一外周面31，压合件40沿壳体200的轴向可移动。台阶面33用于与压合件40共同夹持开口端210，第二外周面32用于与第一滚轮10配合以成型环形凹槽220，第二外周面32用于与第二滚轮20配合以成型缩颈部230。
承托件50用于承托壳体200，以固定壳体200的位置。
使用本申请的缩颈装置100进行壳体200缩颈翻边加工时，具体包括：
如图9和图10所示，通过承托件50将壳体200固定，使得壳体200的中心轴线位置固定，并使壳体200的开口端210朝向内模具30，内模具30经开口端210伸入壳体200，内模具30的台阶面33与壳体200的内周面匹配，压合件40沿内模具30的轴向(与壳体200的轴向同向)移动，使得开口端210夹持在台阶面33和压合件40的内周面之间；
如图11至图12所示，驱动第一滚轮10沿壳体200的径向进给，同时驱动第一滚轮10绕壳体200公转，使得第一滚轮10的公转半径逐渐减小，第一滚轮10挤压壳体200，壳体200受力压缩变形，直至环形凹槽220与内模具30的第二外周面32贴合；
如图13至图14所示，驱动壳体200沿其轴向移动，使壳体200产生变形，使第一表面11与环形凹槽的朝向第一表面11的第一侧壁221贴合。
如图15至图16所示，再次驱动压合件40反向移动，使得壳体200的开口端210释放，驱动第二滚轮20沿壳体200的径向进给，同时驱动第二滚轮20绕壳体200公转，使得第二滚轮20的公转半径逐渐减小，第二滚轮20挤压壳体200，壳体200受力压缩变形，直至缩颈部230与内模具30的第二外周面32贴合，在此过程中，壳体200的开口端210沿台阶面33和第二外周面32的衔接处逐步外翻，形成初步的翻边部240。
如图17至图18所示，再次驱动压合件40沿内模具30的轴向朝向第二滚轮20的第四表面22移动，直至将翻边部240压平在第二滚轮20的第四表面22和压合件40之间。
可以理解的是，压合件40可以在缩颈部230完全形成后对翻边部240进行压平，也可以在缩颈部230成型同时(也就是翻边部240形成过程中)逐步移动，直至缩颈部230成型且翻边部240压平在压合件40和第二滚轮20的第四表面22之间。
本申请一些实施例还提供了一种电池制造设备，包括上述任一项方案所述的缩颈装置100，缩颈装置100用于在电池壳体200上成型缩颈部230。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种缩颈方法，用于在壳体上成型缩颈部，所述壳体具有开口端，其特征在于，所述缩颈方法包括：
    在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽，所述环形凹槽沿所述壳体的周向延伸；
    向靠近所述开口端的方向扩大所述环形凹槽的宽度，以成型缩颈部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的缩颈方法，其中，所述在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽，包括：
    在成型所述环形凹槽时，对所述开口端进行限位，限制所述开口端向外移动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的缩颈方法，其中，所述向靠近所述开口端的方向扩大所述环形凹槽的宽度，以成型缩颈部，包括：
    在扩大所述环形凹槽的宽度时，解除对所述开口端的限位，以使所述开口端向外翻折形成翻边部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的缩颈方法，其中，所述缩颈方法还包括：
    将所述翻边部压平。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的缩颈方法，其中，所述在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽，包括：
    驱动第一滚轮绕所述壳体公转并沿所述壳体的径向进给，以在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的缩颈方法，其中，所述第一滚轮具有沿其轴向相对的第一表面和第二表面，所述第一表面相比所述第二表面更远离所述开口端；
    所述在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽，还包括：
    在驱动所述第一滚轮绕所述壳体公转并沿所述壳体的径向进给之后，驱动所述壳体沿轴向移动，使所述壳体产生变形，使所述第一表面与所述环形凹槽的朝向所述第一表面的侧壁贴合。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的缩颈方法，其中，所述向靠近所述开口端的方向扩大所述环形凹槽的宽度，以成型缩颈部，包括：
    驱动第二滚轮绕所述壳体公转并沿所述壳体的径向进给，以在所述壳体上成型缩颈部；
    其中，所述第二滚轮具有沿其轴向相对的第三表面和第四表面，所述第三表面相比所述第四表面更远离所述开口端，所述第三表面所在的平面位于所述第一滚轮沿其轴向相对的两个表面之间。
  8. 一种缩颈装置，用于在壳体上成型缩颈部，所述壳体具有开口端，所述缩颈装置包括：
    第一滚轮，所述第一滚轮被配置为可沿所述壳体的径向进给，以在所述壳体上成型环形凹槽；
    第二滚轮，所述第二滚轮被配置为可沿所述壳体的径向进给，以在所述壳体上成型缩颈部和翻边部；
    其中，所述第一滚轮具有沿其轴向相对的第一表面和第二表面，所述第二滚轮具有沿其轴向相对的第三表面和第四表面，所述第三表面相比所述第四表面更远离所述开口端，所述第三表面所在的平面位于所述第一表面和所述第二表面之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的缩颈装置，其中，所述第一滚轮的厚度小于所述第二滚 轮的厚度。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的缩颈装置，其中，所述缩颈装置还包括：
    内模具，用于从所述壳体的内部支撑所述壳体；
    其中，所述第一滚轮和所述第二滚轮设置于所述内模具的周围。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的缩颈装置，其中，所述缩颈装置还包括：
    压合件，设置在所述内模具的周围，所述压合件被配置为：
    在所述第一滚轮沿所述壳体的径向进给时，与所述内模具共同夹持所述开口端，以限制所述开口端向外移动。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的缩颈装置，其中，所述压合件沿所述壳体的轴向可移动，所述压合件被配置为：
    在所述第二滚轮沿所述壳体的径向进给时，将向外翻折的所述开口端压平在所述第二滚轮上。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的缩颈装置，其中，所述压合件呈环状，所述压合件套设于所述内模具。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13任一项所述的缩颈装置，其特征在于，所述内模具的外周面包括第一外周面、第二外周面和台阶面，所述第一外周面的直径大于所述第二外周面的直径，所述台阶面连接所述第一外周面和所述第二外周面；
    其中，所述压合件呈环状，所述压合件套设于所述第一外周面，所述台阶面用于与所述压合件共同夹持所述开口端，所述第二外周面用于与所述第一滚轮配合以成型所述环形凹槽，所述第二外周面用于与所述第二滚轮配合以成型所述缩颈部。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的缩颈装置，其特征在于，所述台阶面与所述第二外周面圆弧过渡。
  16. 根据权利要求10至15任一项所述的缩颈装置，其中，所述第一滚轮和所述第二滚轮沿所述内模具的周向间隔分布。
  17. 根据权利要求8至16任一项所述的缩颈装置，其中，所述缩颈装置还包括：
    承托件，用于承托所述壳体。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的缩颈装置，其中，所述缩颈装置还包括：
    第一驱动件，用于驱动所述承托件升降。
  19. 一种电池制造设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求8至18任一项所述的缩颈装置，所述缩颈装置用于在电池壳体上成型缩颈部。
PCT/CN2022/094042 2022-05-20 2022-05-20 缩颈方法、缩颈装置及电池制造设备 Ceased WO2023221077A1 (zh)

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