WO2023224445A1 - 양극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
양극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023224445A1 WO2023224445A1 PCT/KR2023/006941 KR2023006941W WO2023224445A1 WO 2023224445 A1 WO2023224445 A1 WO 2023224445A1 KR 2023006941 W KR2023006941 W KR 2023006941W WO 2023224445 A1 WO2023224445 A1 WO 2023224445A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- positive electrode
- electrode active
- single particle
- transition metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a single particle positive electrode active material and a method of manufacturing the same.
- a lithium secondary battery generally consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode contain an active material capable of intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions.
- the positive electrode active material used in lithium secondary batteries generally has the form of spherical secondary particles formed by agglomerating hundreds of fine primary particles of submicron size.
- the positive electrode active material in the form of secondary particles has a problem in that the secondary particles are broken as the aggregated primary particles are separated during repeated charging and discharging, thereby deteriorating battery characteristics.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a positive electrode active material and a method for manufacturing the same that can implement a battery with improved charge/discharge capacity, initial efficiency, and initial resistance characteristics.
- the present invention provides a positive electrode active material and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention provides a lithium transition metal oxide in the form of a single particle; A coating portion containing cobalt formed on the single particle lithium transition metal oxide; and LiCoO 2 in the form of islands discontinuously formed on the surface; and A1g vibration of LiCoO 2 for the intensity of the peak (500 cm -1 to 600 cm -1 ) corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiNiO 2 in the Raman spectrum of the surface.
- a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle having an intensity ratio of a peak (550 cm -1 to 620 cm -1 ) corresponding to a mode of 0.1 to 1 is provided.
- the present invention provides a single particle positive electrode active material wherein the single particle positive electrode active material has an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material in the form of single particles is a form in which primary particles consisting of 10 or less single crystal grains are aggregated to 50 or less.
- a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle is provided.
- the present invention is according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the single particle lithium transition metal oxide is a lithium complex transition metal oxide containing nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn).
- the single particle lithium transition metal oxide is a lithium complex transition metal oxide containing nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn).
- a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle, which is a metal oxide, is provided.
- the present invention provides the positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the lithium transition metal oxide in the single particle form has a composition represented by the following formula (1).
- M 1 is one or more selected from Al, Zr, B, W, Mo, Cr, Nb, Mg, Hf, Ta, La, Ti, Sr, Ba, Ce, Sn, Y, Zn, F, P and S ego,
- the present invention provides the positive electrode active material in the form of single particles according to any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein the coating portion has an area from 5 nm to 100 nm in the center direction from the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- the present invention provides the positive electrode active material in the form of single particles according to any one of (1) to (6) above, wherein the molar ratio of cobalt to nickel present on the surface is 0.1 or more and less than 0.45.
- the present invention includes the steps of (A) preparing a mixture by mixing single particle lithium transition metal oxide and cobalt raw material; and (B) heat treating the mixture at a temperature of 680°C to 850°C.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a positive electrode active material in the form of single particles according to (8) above, wherein the lithium transition metal oxide in the form of single particles has a cation mixing of 5% or less in step (A). .
- the present invention relates to the positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle according to (8) or (9), wherein in the step (A), the lithium transition metal oxide in the form of a single particle contains lithium by-products in an amount of 20,000 ppm or less.
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- the present invention is in the form of a single particle according to any one of (8) to (10) above, wherein in step (A), the molar ratio of the lithium transition metal oxide in the form of a single particle and the cobalt raw material is 1:0.0001 to 0.1.
- step (A) the molar ratio of the lithium transition metal oxide in the form of a single particle and the cobalt raw material is 1:0.0001 to 0.1.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a positive electrode active material in the form of single particles according to any one of (8) to (11) above, wherein the mixing in step (A) is dry mixing.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a positive electrode active material in the form of single particles according to any one of (8) to (12) above, wherein the heat treatment in step (B) is performed under an oxygen atmosphere.
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention has a peak corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiCoO 2 (550 cm -1 to 600 cm -1 ) relative to the intensity of the peak ( 500 cm -1 to 600 cm -1 ) corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiNiO 2 in the surface Raman spectrum. Since the intensity ratio of 620 cm -1 ) satisfies 0.1 to 1, the initial characteristics of the battery containing it can be improved.
- Figure 2 is a Raman spectrum of the surface of the positive electrode active material of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- Figure 3(A) is an SEM image of the positive electrode active material of Example 1
- Figure 3(B) is EPMA Co element mapping data of a cross-section sample of the positive active material of Example 1.
- FIG. 4(A) is an SEM image of one positive electrode active material particle of Example 1
- FIG. 4(B) is electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) Euler map data of one positive active material particle of Example 1.
- EBSD electron backscattering diffraction
- the term “on” means not only the case where a certain component is formed directly on top of another component, but also the case where a third component is interposed between these components.
- positive electrode active material in the form of single particles is a concept in contrast to positive electrode active material in the form of spherical secondary particles formed by agglomerating hundreds of primary particles manufactured by conventional methods, and is defined as a positive electrode active material in the form of 50 or less primary particles. It refers to a positive electrode active material made of particles.
- the positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle may be a single particle consisting of one primary particle, 2 to 50 particles, 2 to 40 particles, 2 to 30 particles, 2 to 20 particles, 2 particles. It may be in the form of secondary particles in which 2 to 15, 2 to 10, or 2 to 5 primary particles are aggregated.
- primary particle refers to the minimum unit of particle recognized when observing the positive electrode active material through a scanning electron microscope.
- the primary particles may be composed of 10 or less single crystal grains, and the grains can be analyzed using an electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) analyzer.
- the single crystal grain is a unit displayed in the same color in the electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) Eular map data of one positive active material particle, and is a grain in which no grain boundary exists within the grain.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) refers to the particle size based on 50% of the volume cumulative particle size distribution of the positive electrode active material precursor, positive electrode active material, or lithium transition metal oxide powder.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) can be measured using a laser diffraction method. For example, after dispersing the positive electrode active material powder in a dispersion medium, it is introduced into a commercially available laser diffraction particle size measuring device (e.g. Microtrac MT 3000), irradiated with ultrasonic waves at about 28 kHz with an output of 60 W, and then a volume cumulative particle size distribution graph is drawn. After obtaining, it can be measured by determining the particle size corresponding to 50% of the volume accumulation.
- a laser diffraction particle size measuring device e.g. Microtrac MT 3000
- the average particle size (D EBSD ) of single crystal grains refers to the particle size based on 50% of the volume cumulative particle size distribution of single crystal grains obtained through EBSD analysis using SEM.
- the EBSD analysis may involve obtaining images with SEM-EBSD equipment (ex. FEI's Quanta200 - EDAX's Velocity super OIM 8) and analyzing them with image analysis software (EDAX OIM Analysis).
- the present invention provides a lithium transition metal oxide in the form of a single particle; A coating portion containing cobalt formed on the single particle lithium transition metal oxide; and LiCoO 2 in the form of islands discontinuously formed on the surface; and A1g vibration of LiCoO 2 for the intensity of the peak (500 cm -1 to 600 cm -1 ) corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiNiO 2 in the Raman spectrum of the surface.
- a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle having an intensity ratio of a peak (550 cm -1 to 620 cm -1 ) corresponding to a mode of 0.1 to 1 is provided.
- the positive electrode active material is in the form of a single particle and includes LiCoO 2 in the form of an island discontinuously formed on the surface, and that a peak corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiNiO 2 in the Raman spectrum of the surface (500 cm -1 to 600 cm -
- the ratio of the intensity of the peak (550 cm -1 to 620 cm -1 ) corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiCoO 2 to the intensity of 1 ) is 0.1 to 1, the performance, especially the initial characteristics, of the battery containing it is improved. found out, and completed the present invention.
- the peak corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiCoO 2 (550 cm -1 to 620 cm -1 ) relative to the intensity of the peak (500 cm -1 to 600 cm -1 ) corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiNiO 2
- the ratio of the intensity may be 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 or more, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 or less.
- the intensity of the peak (500 cm -1 to 600 cm -1 ) corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiNiO 2 is compared to the intensity of the peak (550 cm -1 to 620 cm -1) corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiCoO 2 ) If the intensity ratio is less than 0.1, it is similar to the case where the coating containing cobalt does not exist, so there is no effect of improving battery performance, and if it is greater than 1, a material containing cobalt, for example, LiCoO 2 is used as a material.
- the initial efficiency and initial resistance characteristics of the battery may be reduced due to the presence of a large number of islands in the form of islands outside the battery.
- the single particle positive electrode active material may have an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the single particle positive electrode active material may be 0.1 ⁇ m, 1.0 ⁇ m, 2.0 ⁇ m or more, 5.0 ⁇ m, 6.0 ⁇ m, 7.0 ⁇ m, 8.0 ⁇ m, 9.0 ⁇ m, 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the rolling rate of the battery containing the positive electrode active material in the single particle form can be increased, and the performance of the battery can be further improved.
- the positive electrode active material in the single particle form is agglomerated into 50 or less primary particles, specifically 30, 20, 10, or 5 primary particles consisting of 10 or less single crystal grains. It may be in the form.
- the single crystal grain may have an average particle diameter (D EBSD ) of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter (D EBSD ) of the single crystal grain may be 0.1 ⁇ m, 1.0 ⁇ m, 2.0 ⁇ m or more, 5.0 ⁇ m, 6.0 ⁇ m, 7.0 ⁇ m, 8.0 ⁇ m, 9.0 ⁇ m, 10.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the single particle lithium transition metal oxide may be a lithium composite transition metal oxide containing nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn).
- the single particle lithium transition metal oxide may contain 80 mol%, 85 mol% or more of nickel (Ni) out of all metals excluding lithium.
- the single particle form of lithium transition metal oxide may have a composition specifically represented by the following Chemical Formula 1.
- M 1 is one or more selected from Al, Zr, B, W, Mo, Cr, Nb, Mg, Hf, Ta, La, Ti, Sr, Ba, Ce, Sn, Y, Zn, F, P and S ego,
- the b refers to the atomic fraction of nickel among metal elements other than lithium in the lithium transition metal oxide, and may be 0.8, 0.85 or more, 0.95, or 0.98 or less.
- the c refers to the atomic fraction of cobalt among metal elements other than lithium in the lithium transition metal oxide, and may be 0.01 or more, 0.1, or 0.2 or less.
- the d refers to the atomic fraction of manganese among metal elements other than lithium in the lithium transition metal oxide, and may be 0.01 or more, 0.1, or 0.2 or less.
- the e refers to the elemental fraction of the M 1 element among metal elements other than lithium in the lithium transition metal oxide, and may be 0 or more and 0.02, 0.05, or 0.1 or less.
- the coating portion is a layer formed as cobalt diffuses toward the center from the surface of the single-particle lithium transition metal oxide when heat-treated after mixing single-particle lithium transition metal oxide and cobalt raw material. Therefore, the composition of the coating part is similar to the composition of the single particle lithium transition metal oxide included in the positive electrode active material of the present invention, but the proportion of cobalt in all metals except lithium is higher than that of the single particle form lithium transition metal oxide. high. Meanwhile, as cobalt diffuses toward the center from the surface of the single-particle lithium transition metal oxide, Ni present in the single-particle lithium transition metal oxide may be replaced with Co, and the coating may be replaced with Co. It may have the same structure as, that is, a layered structure.
- the coating portion may have an area ranging from 5 nm to 100 nm in the center direction from the surface of the positive electrode active material. Specifically, the coating portion may have an area of up to 5nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, and 100nm from the surface of the positive electrode active material toward the center.
- the coating portion is an area from the surface of the positive electrode active material to a point where the Co content measured through TEM-EDX experiment exceeds 1.1 times the average Co content (mol%) of the entire positive electrode active material.
- the TEM-EDX experiment was performed by making a thin film sample of 100nm to 200nm thick from the positive electrode active material powder using FEI's Helios G4 UX FIB equipment, and then using FEI's Titan G2 80-200 ChemiSTEM equipment and EDX (in-column super-X Energy Using a Dispersive
- the island-shaped LiCoO 2 is formed discontinuously on the surface of the positive electrode active material. That is, the island-shaped LiCoO 2 does not entirely cover the surface of the positive electrode active material, but is partially dispersed and distributed.
- the island-shaped LiCoO 2 may be discontinuously formed in an area of 5% to 50% of the total area of the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- the molar ratio of cobalt to nickel present on the surface of the positive electrode active material may be 0.1 or more and less than 0.45, specifically 0.1 or more, more than 0.1, 0.2 or more, 0.25 or more, 0.4 or less, and less than 0.45.
- the ratio of the NiO reduced layer on the surface of the positive electrode active material is low, so the initial efficiency and initial resistance characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the molar ratio of cobalt to nickel present on the surface of the positive electrode active material can be obtained through electron spectroscopic chemical analysis (ESCA) using K-alpha XPS equipment from Thermo Fisher. At this time, the surface analyzed through the ESCA analysis may be an area up to 10 nm from the outermost part of the positive electrode active material.
- ESCA electron spectroscopic chemical analysis
- the present invention includes the steps of (A) preparing a mixture by mixing a single particle lithium transition metal oxide and a cobalt raw material; and (B) heat treating the mixture at a temperature of 680°C to 850°C.
- the method for producing a positive electrode active material according to the present invention includes: lithium transition metal oxide in the form of single particles; A coating portion containing cobalt formed on the single particle lithium transition metal oxide; and LiCoO 2 in the form of islands discontinuously formed on the surface; and A1g vibration of LiCoO 2 for the intensity of the peak (500 cm -1 to 600 cm -1 ) corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiNiO 2 in the Raman spectrum of the surface.
- This is a method of manufacturing a positive electrode active material in the form of a single particle in which the intensity ratio of the peak (550 cm -1 to 620 cm -1 ) corresponding to the mode is 0.1 to 1.
- the method for producing the positive electrode active material is the method for producing the positive electrode active material according to the present invention described above.
- the positive electrode active material according to the present invention can be manufactured by appropriately controlling the type of cobalt raw material as well as the temperature for heat treating the mixture.
- the step (A) is a step of preparing a mixture by mixing single particle lithium transition metal oxide and cobalt raw material.
- the lithium transition metal oxide in the form of a single particle may have an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material in the form of single particles may be in the form of agglomerated primary particles of 10 or less single crystal grains of 50 or less.
- the lithium transition metal oxide in the form of single particles may have cation mixing of 5% or less.
- the amount of impurities present in the resulting positive electrode active material is small, so battery performance can be improved.
- the cation mixing value is a measure of the ratio (%) of substitution between lithium and other metal ions in the structure.
- the lithium transition metal oxide in the form of single particles in step (A) may contain lithium by-products at 20,000 ppm or less.
- the amount of impurities present in the resulting positive electrode active material is small, so the process can be improved by reducing the agglomeration phenomenon of the slurry (composition for forming the positive electrode active material) when manufacturing the positive electrode.
- the lithium transition metal oxide in the form of single particles in step (A) is a positive electrode active material precursor (e.g., transition metal hydroxide, transition metal oxyhydroxide, etc.), lithium raw material (e.g., lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 )) , lithium hydroxide (LiOH), LiNO 3 , CH 3 COOLi, Li 2 (COO) 2, etc.), optionally doping elements (e.g., Y, Zr, Al) raw materials, etc., mixed and fired at high temperature. can do. At this time, the firing may be one-stage firing or multi-stage firing.
- a positive electrode active material precursor e.g., transition metal hydroxide, transition metal oxyhydroxide, etc.
- lithium raw material e.g., lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 )
- LiOH lithium hydroxide
- LiNO 3 LiNO 3
- CH 3 COOLi Li 2 (COO) 2, etc.
- doping elements e.g., Y, Zr
- the lithium raw materials may be all mixed before the first calcination, or may be mixed separately before the first calcination and before the second calcination.
- the firing may be performed at a temperature of 700°C to 950°C under an oxygen atmosphere.
- the molar ratio of the single particle lithium transition metal oxide and the cobalt raw material may be 1:0.0001 to 0.1, 1:0.001 to 0.05, and 1:0.01 to 0.05. That is, the content of the cobalt raw material may be 0.01 mol%, 0.10 mol%, 1 mol% or more, 5 mol%, or 10 mol% or less compared to the single particle form of lithium transition metal oxide.
- the content of the cobalt raw material is within the above range, the coating part containing cobalt is appropriately formed, and the performance of the battery can be further improved.
- the cobalt raw material may be an acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide, or oxyhydroxide containing cobalt.
- it may be Co(OH) 2 , Co 2 O 3 , etc., and preferably Co(OH) 2 .
- a highly reactive material such as Co(OH) 3 or cobalt acetate, as a cobalt raw material, there is a problem in that too much Co penetrates into the interior and almost no coating containing cobalt exists. There may be.
- mixing in step (A) may be dry mixing. That is, the powder-type cobalt raw material may be simply mixed with single-particle lithium transition metal oxide without a solvent. In this case, not only can the process be simplified to reduce costs, but also a positive electrode active material with uniform quality can be produced.
- a raw material containing a coating element may be additionally mixed, and the metal elements included in the raw material containing the coating element are Al, Zr, It may be B, W, Mo, Cr, Nb, Mg, Hf, Ta, La, Ti, Sr, Ba, Sn, Y, Zn, Ce, F, P and S.
- the raw material containing the coating element may be an acetate, nitrate, sulfate, halide, sulfide, hydroxide, oxide, or oxyhydroxide containing the metal element.
- boric acid H 3 BO 3
- the step (B) is a step of heat treating the mixture at a temperature of 680°C to 850°C. Through this, cobalt diffuses toward the center from the surface of the single-particle lithium transition metal oxide to form a coating, and at the same time, island-shaped LiCoO 2 is discontinuously formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material.
- the heat treatment temperature is within the above range, during the temperature increase process, Co existing externally in the form of LiCoO 2 penetrates into the positive electrode active material to an appropriate depth, and in the Raman spectrum of the surface of the positive active material manufactured, the A1g vibration mode of LiNiO 2 is observed.
- the ratio of the intensity of the peak (550 cm -1 to 620 cm -1 ) corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiCoO 2 to the intensity of the peak (500 cm -1 to 600 cm -1 ) may be 0.1 to 1.
- the heat treatment in step (B) may be performed at a temperature of 680°C to 850°C.
- the heat treatment temperature may be 680°C, 700°C or more, 750°C or less, and less than 750°C.
- the heat treatment temperature is within the above range, the coating part containing cobalt is appropriately formed, and the initial characteristics of the battery can be further improved.
- the heat treatment temperature is less than 680°C, there is a problem that the initial characteristics of the battery deteriorate because Co existing externally in the LiCoO 2 phase does not penetrate much into the positive electrode active material during the temperature increase process, and if the heat treatment temperature exceeds 850°C, the Co material There is a problem in that too much penetration into the interior causes almost no coating containing cobalt.
- the heat treatment in step (B) may be performed for 2 to 12 hours for productivity and firing uniformity. Specifically, the heat treatment in step (B) may be performed for 2 or more hours, 6 hours, 9 hours, or 12 hours or less.
- the present invention can provide a positive electrode containing the above positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode active material layer located on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector and including the positive electrode active material described above.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive without causing chemical changes in the battery, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or carbon, nickel, titanium on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , surface treated with silver, etc. may be used.
- the positive electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the positive electrode active material layer may include a conductive material and a binder along with the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material may be included in an amount of 80% to 99% by weight, more specifically, 85% to 98% by weight, based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- excellent capacity characteristics can be exhibited.
- the conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and can be used without particular limitation as long as it does not cause chemical change and has electronic conductivity in the battery being constructed.
- Specific examples include graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite; Carbon-based materials such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, summer black, and carbon fiber; Metal powders or metal fibers such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Or conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives, etc., of which one type alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 1% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the binder serves to improve adhesion between positive electrode active material particles and adhesion between the positive active material and the current collector.
- Specific examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-co-HFP), polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylonitrile, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). ), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF-co-HFP vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- SBR sulfur-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styrene-styren
- the positive electrode can be manufactured according to a conventional positive electrode manufacturing method except for using the positive electrode active material described above.
- the composition for forming a positive electrode active material layer prepared by dissolving or dispersing the above-described positive electrode active material and, optionally, a binder and a conductive material in a solvent may be applied on a positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling. At this time, the types and contents of the positive electrode active material, binder, and conductive material are the same as described above.
- the positive electrode may be manufactured by casting the composition for forming the positive electrode active material layer on a separate support and then laminating the film obtained by peeling from the support on a positive electrode current collector.
- the solvent may be a solvent commonly used in the art, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), isopropyl alcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), acetone, or Water, etc. may be used, and one type of these may be used alone or a mixture of two or more types may be used.
- the amount of the solvent used is determined by dissolving or dispersing the positive electrode active material, conductive material, and binder in consideration of the application thickness and manufacturing yield of the composition for forming the positive electrode active material, and then adjusting the viscosity to exhibit excellent thickness uniformity when applied for producing the positive electrode. It is enough to have it.
- the present invention can manufacture an electrochemical device including the anode.
- the electrochemical device may specifically be a battery, a capacitor, etc., and more specifically may be a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium secondary battery specifically includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode positioned opposite the positive electrode, and a separator and electrolyte interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Since the positive electrode is the same as described above, detailed description is omitted, Hereinafter, only the remaining components will be described in detail.
- the lithium secondary battery may optionally further include a battery container that accommodates the electrode assembly of the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separator, and a sealing member that seals the battery container.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer located on the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- it can be used on the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, fired carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may typically have a thickness of 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, and like the positive electrode current collector, fine irregularities may be formed on the surface of the current collector to strengthen the bonding force of the negative electrode active material.
- it can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the negative electrode active material layer optionally includes a binder and a conductive material along with the negative electrode active material.
- a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- Specific examples include carbonaceous materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, graphitized carbon fiber, and amorphous carbon;
- Metallic compounds that can be alloyed with lithium such as Si, Al, Sn, Pb, Zn, Bi, In, Mg, Ga, Cd, Si alloy, Sn alloy, or Al alloy;
- a composite containing the above-described metallic compound and a carbonaceous material such as a Si-C composite or Sn-C composite, may be used, and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- a metallic lithium thin film may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- both low-crystalline carbon and high-crystalline carbon can be used.
- Representative examples of low-crystalline carbon include soft carbon and hard carbon, and high-crystalline carbon includes amorphous, plate-shaped, flaky, spherical, or fibrous natural graphite, artificial graphite, and Kish graphite.
- High-temperature calcined carbon such as derived cokes is a representative example.
- the negative electrode active material may be included in an amount of 80% to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the binder is a component that assists in bonding between the conductive material, the active material, and the current collector, and can typically be added in an amount of 0.1% to 10% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and tetrafluoride.
- Roethylene polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonated-EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and various copolymers thereof.
- EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
- sulfonated-EPDM styrene-butadiene rubber
- nitrile-butadiene rubber fluorine rubber
- the conductive material is a component to further improve the conductivity of the negative electrode active material, and may be added in an amount of 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- These conductive materials are not particularly limited as long as they have conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, and examples include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; Carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; Metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the negative electrode active material layer is manufactured by applying and drying a composition for forming a negative electrode active material prepared by dissolving or dispersing a negative electrode active material and optionally a binder and a conductive material in a solvent on a negative electrode current collector and drying the negative electrode active material layer. It can be manufactured by casting the composition on a separate support and then peeling from this support and laminating the obtained film onto the negative electrode current collector.
- the separator separates the negative electrode and the positive electrode and provides a passage for lithium ions to move. It can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is normally used as a separator in a lithium secondary battery, especially for the movement of ions in the electrolyte. It is desirable to have low resistance and excellent electrolyte moisturizing ability.
- porous polymer films for example, porous polymer films made of polyolefin polymers such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer, or these. A laminated structure of two or more layers may be used.
- porous non-woven fabrics for example, non-woven fabrics made of high melting point glass fibers, polyethylene terephthalate fibers, etc.
- a coated separator containing ceramic components or polymer materials may be used to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- electrolytes used in the present invention include organic liquid electrolytes, inorganic liquid electrolytes, solid polymer electrolytes, gel-type polymer electrolytes, solid inorganic electrolytes, and molten inorganic electrolytes that can be used in the production of lithium secondary batteries, and are limited to these. It doesn't work.
- the electrolyte may include an organic solvent and a lithium salt.
- the organic solvent may be used without particular limitation as long as it can serve as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
- the organic solvent includes ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -caprolactone; Ether-based solvents such as dibutyl ether or tetrahydrofuran; Ketone-based solvents such as cyclohexanone; Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and fluorobenzene; Carbonate-based solvents such as dimethylcarbonate (DMC), diethylcarbonate (DEC), ethylmethylcarbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (PC); Alcohol-based solvents such as ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol; nitriles such as R-CN (R is a straight-chain, branched or ring-structured hydrocarbon group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms
- carbonate-based solvents are preferable, and cyclic carbonates (e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.) with high ionic conductivity and high dielectric constant that can improve the charge/discharge performance of the battery, and low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds ( For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.) are more preferable.
- cyclic carbonates e.g., ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate, etc.
- low-viscosity linear carbonate-based compounds For example, ethylmethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, etc.
- excellent electrolyte performance can be obtained by mixing cyclic carbonate and chain carbonate in a volume ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:9.
- the lithium salt can be used without particular restrictions as long as it is a compound that can provide lithium ions used in lithium secondary batteries.
- the lithium salt is LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAl0 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiN( C 2 F 5 SO 3 ) 2 , LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
- LiCl, LiI, or LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 may be used.
- the concentration of the lithium salt is preferably used within the range of 0.1M to 2.0M. When the concentration of lithium salt is within the above range, the electrolyte has appropriate conductivity and viscosity, so excellent electrolyte performance can be achieved and lithium ions can move effectively.
- the electrolyte includes, for example, haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and trifluoroethylene for the purpose of improving battery life characteristics, suppressing battery capacity reduction, and improving battery discharge capacity.
- haloalkylene carbonate-based compounds such as difluoroethylene carbonate, pyridine, and trifluoroethylene
- One or more additives such as zolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol, or aluminum trichloride may be further included. At this time, the additive may be included in an amount of 0.1% to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- the lithium secondary battery containing the positive electrode active material according to the present invention stably exhibits excellent discharge capacity, output characteristics, and lifespan characteristics, and is therefore widely used in portable devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, and hybrid electric vehicles ( It is useful in electric vehicle fields such as hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
- portable devices such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital cameras, and hybrid electric vehicles ( It is useful in electric vehicle fields such as hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
- HEV hybrid electric vehicle
- a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided.
- the battery module or battery pack is a power tool; Electric vehicles, including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV); Alternatively, it can be used as a power source for any one or more mid- to large-sized devices among power storage systems.
- Electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV);
- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
- the external shape of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be a cylindrical shape using a can, a square shape, a pouch shape, or a coin shape.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention can not only be used in battery cells used as a power source for small devices, but can also be preferably used as a unit cell in medium to large-sized battery modules containing a plurality of battery cells.
- Preparation Example 1 Preparation of single particle lithium transition metal oxide having a composition expressed as LiNi 0.95 Co 0.03 Mn 0.02 O 2
- a positive electrode active material precursor having a composition expressed as Ni 0.95 Co 0.03 Mn 0.02 (OH) 2 and an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 3.5 ⁇ m and LiOH was mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1.05, and incubated at 850°C under an oxygen atmosphere for 9 hours.
- a calcined product was prepared by primary firing for a period of time, the calcined product was pulverized, and secondary firing was performed for 9 hours at a temperature of 750° C. in an oxygen atmosphere to produce single particles having a composition expressed as LiNi 0.95 Co 0.03 Mn 0.02 O 2
- a lithium transition metal oxide was prepared.
- Preparation Example 2 Preparation of single particle lithium transition metal oxide having a composition expressed as LiNi 0.88 Co 0.03 Mn 0.09 O 2
- a positive electrode active material precursor having a composition expressed as Ni 0.88 Co 0.03 Mn 0.09 (OH) 2 and an average particle diameter (D 50 ) of 3.5 ⁇ m and LiOH was mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1.05, and 9 times heated at a temperature of 880°C under an oxygen atmosphere.
- a calcined product was prepared by primary sintering for a period of time, the calcined product was pulverized, and then secondary sintering was performed for 9 hours at a temperature of 780° C. in an oxygen atmosphere to produce single particles having a composition expressed as LiNi 0.88 Co 0.03 Mn 0.09 O 2
- a lithium transition metal oxide was prepared.
- a mixture was prepared by mixing powder-type Co(OH) 2 (Hwayu Cobalt Co., Ltd.) with the single-particle lithium transition metal oxide prepared in Preparation Example 1 at a molar ratio of 1:0.02. The mixture was heat-treated at 700°C for 5 hours under an oxygen atmosphere to prepare a single particle positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode active material in the form of single particles was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mixture was heat-treated at a temperature of 720°C.
- a mixture was prepared by mixing powder-type Co(OH) 2 (Hwayu Cobalt Co., Ltd.) with the single-particle lithium transition metal oxide prepared in Preparation Example 2 at a molar ratio of 1:0.02. The mixture was heat-treated at 700°C for 5 hours under an oxygen atmosphere to prepare a single particle positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode active material in the form of single particles was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the mixture was heat-treated at a temperature of 720°C.
- the single particle lithium transition metal oxide prepared in Preparation Example 1 was used as the positive electrode active material in Comparative Example 1.
- the single particle lithium transition metal oxide prepared in Preparation Example 2 was used as the positive electrode active material in Comparative Example 1.
- a positive electrode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mixture was heat-treated at 660°C.
- a positive electrode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the mixture was heat-treated at a temperature of 660°C.
- a positive electrode active material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the mixture was heat-treated at a temperature of 750°C.
- the Raman spectrum of the surface of each positive electrode active material is shown in Figures 1 and 2, and in the Raman spectrum, the A1g vibration of LiCoO 2 relative to the intensity of the peak (520 cm -1 to 580 cm -1 ) corresponding to the A1g vibration mode of LiNiO 2
- the intensity ratio of the peak (550 cm -1 to 620 cm -1 ) corresponding to the mode is shown in Table 1 below.
- Figure 3(A) is an SEM image of the positive electrode active material of Example 1
- Figure 3(B) is EPMA Co element mapping data of a cross-section sample of the positive active material of Example 1.
- the positive electrode active material of Example 1 is a single particle type positive active material, and not only is LiCoO 2 discontinuously formed in the form of an island on the surface (light green bright part), but also cobalt coating progresses. It can be seen that a coating area (light blue part) has been formed due to the cobalt diffused.
- FIG. 4(A) is an SEM image of one positive electrode active material particle of Example 1
- FIG. 4(B) is electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) Euler map data of one positive active material particle of Example 1. Since single crystal grains are measured in the same color in the Euler map, referring to FIG. 4, it can be confirmed that the positive electrode active material of Example 1 is a particle composed of two single crystal grains.
- EBSD electron backscattering diffraction
- EBSD analysis was performed using HITACHI's IM5000 (accelerating voltage: 6kV), irradiating an argon (Ar) ion beam to the anode, cutting it using ion milling to obtain a cross-section of the anode, and using JEOL's JSM-7900F (accelerating voltage: 20kV). ), the cross-section of the anode was measured and analyzed.
- Image processing-EBSD quantification analysis software used was AztecCrystal from OXFORD Instruments.
- the positive electrode is N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) (Daejeong Chemical Gold) using the positive electrode active material, carbon black (Denka, Denka Black) conductive material, and PVdF (Kureha, KF1300) binder at a weight ratio of 95:3:2.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- carbon black Denka Black
- PVdF Kureha, KF1300 binder
- Each of the positive electrode active materials prepared in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5, a carbon black (Denka Black) conductive material, and a PVdF (Kureha Company, KF1300) binder were mixed with N-methyl at a weight ratio of 95:3:2.
- a composition for forming a positive electrode active material layer was prepared by adding pyrrolidone (NMP) (Daejeong Chemical Company) to a solvent.
- the composition for forming a positive electrode active material layer was applied to one side of an aluminum foil current collector with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, and dried at a temperature of 135° C. for 3 hours to form a positive active material layer.
- the positive electrode was manufactured by rolling using a roll pressing method so that the positive electrode active material layer had a porosity of 20% by volume after rolling.
- a half-cell was manufactured using lithium metal as a cathode along with the anode.
- the half cells manufactured above were each charged at 25°C with a constant current (CC) of 0.2C until 4.25V, and then charged with a constant voltage (CV) of 4.25V until the charging current reached 0.05mAh.
- the charging capacity of the first cycle was measured. Afterwards, it was left for 20 minutes and discharged at a constant current of 0.2C until it reached 2.5V to measure the discharge capacity of the first cycle.
- Table 3 The results are shown in Table 3 below.
- the half cells manufactured above were each charged at 25°C with a constant current (CC) of 0.2C until 4.25V, and then charged with a constant voltage (CV) of 4.25V so that the charging current was 0.05mAh (cut-off current). After charging until shown in
- the initial efficiency (percentage of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity) for batteries containing the positive electrode active materials of Examples 1 and 2 compared to batteries containing the positive electrode active materials of Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 5. It can be seen that this is high and the initial resistance value is low, and in the case of the battery containing the positive electrode active material of Examples 3 and 4, the initial efficiency is higher and the initial resistance value is higher than that of the battery containing the positive electrode active material of Comparative Examples 2 and 4. It can be confirmed that it is low.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| LiNiO2의 A1g 진동 모드에 해당하는 피크(520cm-1 내지 580cm-1)의 강도에 대한 LiCoO2의 A1g 진동 모드에 해당하는 피크(550cm-1 내지 620cm-1)의 강도의 비율 | |
| 실시예 1 | 0.22 |
| 실시예 2 | 0.19 |
| 실시예 3 | 0.85 |
| 실시예 4 | 0.56 |
| 비교예 3 | 2.04 |
| 비교예 4 | 1.60 |
| 비교예 5 | 0.09 |
| Co/Ni 몰 비율 | |
| 실시예 1 | 0.33 |
| 실시예 2 | 0.28 |
| 실시예 3 | 0.35 |
| 실시예 4 | 0.32 |
| 비교예 1 | - |
| 비교예 2 | - |
| 비교예 3 | 0.52 |
| 비교예 4 | 0.49 |
| 비교예 5 | 0.10 |
| 충전 용량 (mAh) | 방전 용량 (mAh) | DCIR (Ω) | |
| 실시예 1 | 244.1 | 215.3 | 22.1 |
| 실시예 2 | 243..3 | 215.4 | 21.9 |
| 실시예 3 | 232.1 | 209.0 | 17.9 |
| 실시예 4 | 231.8 | 209.2 | 17.8 |
| 비교예 1 | 240.5 | 206.1 | 28.9 |
| 비교예 2 | 228.0 | 199.9 | 20.0 |
| 비교예 3 | 243.8 | 211.3 | 22.4 |
| 비교예 4 | 229.3 | 207.8 | 18.8 |
| 비교예 5 | 240.8 | 208.2 | 27.5 |
Claims (13)
- 단입자 형태의 리튬 전이금속 산화물;상기 단입자 형태의 리튬 전이금속 산화물 상에 형성된 코발트를 포함하는 코팅부; 및표면에 불연속적으로 형성된 아일랜드 형태의 LiCoO2;를 포함하고,표면의 라만 스펙트럼에서 LiNiO2의 A1g 진동 모드에 해당하는 피크(500cm-1 내지 600cm-1)의 강도에 대한 LiCoO2의 A1g 진동 모드에 해당하는 피크(550cm-1 내지 620cm-1)의 강도의 비율이 0.1 내지 1인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질은 평균 입경(D50)이 0.1㎛ 내지 10㎛인 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질은 10개 이하의 단결정 그레인(grain)으로 이루어진 1차 입자가 50개 이하로 응집된 형태인 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 단입자 형태의 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 니켈(Ni), 코발트(Co) 및 망간(Mn)을 포함하는 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 단입자 형태의 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 조성을 가지는 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질:[화학식 1]LiaNibCocMndM1 eO2상기 화학식 1에서,M1은 Al, Zr, B, W, Mo, Cr, Nb, Mg, Hf, Ta, La, Ti, Sr, Ba, Ce, Sn, Y, Zn, F, P 및 S 중에서 선택되는 1종 이상이고,0.9≤a≤1.1, 0.8≤b<1.0, 0<c<0.2, 0<d<0.2, 0≤e≤0.1, b+c+d+e=1이다.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 코팅부는 양극 활물질의 표면으로부터 중심 방향으로 5nm 내지 100nm까지의 영역인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,표면에 존재하는 니켈에 대한 코발트의 몰 비율은 0.1 이상 0.45 미만인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질.
- (A) 단입자 형태의 리튬 전이금속 산화물 및 코발트 원료 물질을 혼합하여 혼합물을 준비하는 단계; 및(B) 상기 혼합물을 680℃ 내지 850℃의 온도에서 열처리하는 단계;를 포함하는 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 (A) 단계에서 단입자 형태의 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 양이온 혼합(cation mixing)이 5% 이하인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 (A) 단계에서 단입자 형태의 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 리튬 부산물을 20,000ppm 이하로 포함하는 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 (A) 단계에서 단입자 형태의 리튬 전이금속 산화물과 코발트 원료 물질의 몰비는 1:0.0001~0.1인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 (A) 단계에서 혼합은 건식 혼합인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
- 청구항 8에 있어서,상기 (B) 단계의 열처리는 산소 분위기 하에서 수행하는 것인 단입자 형태의 양극 활물질의 제조 방법.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23807964.4A EP4428951A4 (en) | 2022-05-20 | 2023-05-22 | POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
| JP2024543540A JP2025503127A (ja) | 2022-05-20 | 2023-05-22 | 正極活物質およびその製造方法 |
| CN202380014730.4A CN118318321A (zh) | 2022-05-20 | 2023-05-22 | 正极活性材料及其制备方法 |
| CA3239761A CA3239761A1 (en) | 2022-05-20 | 2023-05-22 | Positive electrode active material and method for manufacturing same |
| US18/716,732 US20250038195A1 (en) | 2022-05-20 | 2023-05-22 | Positive Electrode Active Material and Method of Preparing the Same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR20220062287 | 2022-05-20 | ||
| KR10-2022-0062287 | 2022-05-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023224445A1 true WO2023224445A1 (ko) | 2023-11-23 |
Family
ID=88835846
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2023/006941 Ceased WO2023224445A1 (ko) | 2022-05-20 | 2023-05-22 | 양극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250038195A1 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP4428951A4 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2025503127A (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR20230162572A (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN118318321A (ko) |
| CA (1) | CA3239761A1 (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2023224445A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA3259609A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2025-03-28 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF A POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL, POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A POSITIVE ELECTRODE |
| WO2025116400A1 (ko) * | 2023-12-01 | 2025-06-05 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질, 및 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
| WO2025206895A1 (ko) * | 2024-03-26 | 2025-10-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20050012029A (ko) * | 2003-07-24 | 2005-01-31 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 양극 활물질 및 이를 이용한 리튬 2차 전지 |
| KR20150038445A (ko) * | 2012-07-26 | 2015-04-08 | 어플라이드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 저온 어닐링을 이용한 전기화학 디바이스 제조 프로세스 |
| KR20190048923A (ko) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-09 | 울산과학기술원 | 이차전지용 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
| KR102144056B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-08-12 | 주식회사 에스엠랩 | 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극을 포함한 리튬이차전지 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022092922A1 (ko) * | 2020-10-29 | 2022-05-05 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차 전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
-
2023
- 2023-05-22 KR KR1020230065869A patent/KR20230162572A/ko active Pending
- 2023-05-22 WO PCT/KR2023/006941 patent/WO2023224445A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-05-22 JP JP2024543540A patent/JP2025503127A/ja active Pending
- 2023-05-22 CN CN202380014730.4A patent/CN118318321A/zh active Pending
- 2023-05-22 US US18/716,732 patent/US20250038195A1/en active Pending
- 2023-05-22 EP EP23807964.4A patent/EP4428951A4/en active Pending
- 2023-05-22 CA CA3239761A patent/CA3239761A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20050012029A (ko) * | 2003-07-24 | 2005-01-31 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 양극 활물질 및 이를 이용한 리튬 2차 전지 |
| KR20150038445A (ko) * | 2012-07-26 | 2015-04-08 | 어플라이드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | 저온 어닐링을 이용한 전기화학 디바이스 제조 프로세스 |
| KR20190048923A (ko) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-09 | 울산과학기술원 | 이차전지용 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 |
| KR102144056B1 (ko) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-08-12 | 주식회사 에스엠랩 | 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극을 포함한 리튬이차전지 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| LI LUYU, HU GUORONG, CAO YANBING, PENG ZHONGDONG, ZHANG XIANG, ZHANG SHUAI, DU KE: "Enhanced electrochemical performance and structural stability at high Cut-off voltage of monocrystalline LiNi0.65Co0.07Mn0.28O2 cathode material via Nano-sized Co(OH)2 coating", APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM , NL, vol. 586, 1 June 2022 (2022-06-01), Amsterdam , NL , pages 152794, XP093110658, ISSN: 0169-4332, DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.152794 * |
| See also references of EP4428951A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4428951A1 (en) | 2024-09-11 |
| CN118318321A (zh) | 2024-07-09 |
| US20250038195A1 (en) | 2025-01-30 |
| EP4428951A4 (en) | 2025-10-15 |
| KR20230162572A (ko) | 2023-11-28 |
| CA3239761A1 (en) | 2023-11-23 |
| JP2025503127A (ja) | 2025-01-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| WO2021029652A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2021154035A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 | |
| WO2023038473A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 | |
| WO2021049918A1 (ko) | 이차전지용 양극재 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2018143753A1 (ko) | 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 그 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2021112606A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 상기 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 | |
| WO2023038469A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질, 그 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 | |
| WO2024005553A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2021015511A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 및 상기 제조 방법에 의해 제조된 양극 활물질 | |
| WO2023224445A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 이의 제조 방법 | |
| WO2021107684A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 및 상기 방법에 의해 제조된 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질 | |
| WO2023132688A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질, 그 제조 방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차 전지 | |
| WO2021256794A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질의 제조방법 | |
| WO2021251793A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2016053056A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2022158899A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질의 제조방법 및 양극 활물질 | |
| WO2022169270A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 이의 제조방법 | |
| WO2023224442A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 양극 | |
| WO2021080384A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2023101512A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 이의 제조방법 | |
| WO2025023609A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2022169271A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 이의 제조방법 | |
| WO2024049200A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질 전구체, 이의 제조 방법, 이를 이용한 양극 활물질의 제조 방법 및 양극 활물질 | |
| WO2021029650A1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| WO2023224446A1 (ko) | 양극 활물질 및 이를 포함하는 양극 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 23807964 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202380014730.4 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3239761 Country of ref document: CA |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18716732 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 2023807964 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2023807964 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240605 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2024543540 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |