WO2023231832A1 - 一种射频开关电路、无线收发系统及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种射频开关电路、无线收发系统及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023231832A1
WO2023231832A1 PCT/CN2023/095754 CN2023095754W WO2023231832A1 WO 2023231832 A1 WO2023231832 A1 WO 2023231832A1 CN 2023095754 W CN2023095754 W CN 2023095754W WO 2023231832 A1 WO2023231832 A1 WO 2023231832A1
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Prior art keywords
coupling device
radio frequency
matching network
switch circuit
antenna
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PCT/CN2023/095754
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丘启霖
张明名
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to EP23815016.3A priority Critical patent/EP4513752A4/en
Publication of WO2023231832A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023231832A1/zh
Priority to US18/963,547 priority patent/US20250096745A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/56—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for
    • H03F1/565—Modifications of input or output impedances, not otherwise provided for using inductive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/34—Negative-feedback-circuit arrangements with or without positive feedback
    • H03F1/347—Negative-feedback-circuit arrangements with or without positive feedback using transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/189—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers
    • H03F3/19—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F3/195—High-frequency amplifiers, e.g. radio frequency amplifiers with semiconductor devices only in integrated circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/20—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F3/24—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages
    • H03F3/245—Power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers of transmitter output stages with semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/02—Transmitters
    • H04B1/04—Circuits
    • H04B1/0458—Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/06—Receivers
    • H04B1/16—Circuits
    • H04B1/18—Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H04B1/44—Transmit/receive switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/294—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a low noise amplifier [LNA]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/318—A matching circuit being used as coupling element between two amplifying stages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers
    • H03F2200/451—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements covered by H03F3/00
    • H03F2203/20—Indexing scheme relating to power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers
    • H03F2203/21—Indexing scheme relating to power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only
    • H03F2203/211—Indexing scheme relating to power amplifiers, e.g. Class B amplifiers, Class C amplifiers with semiconductor devices only using a combination of several amplifiers
    • H03F2203/21151—An output signal of a power amplifier being controlled by controlling power signal, e.g. by an inductive coupler

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of wireless signal transceiver technology, and in particular to a radio frequency switch circuit, a wireless transceiver system and electronic equipment.
  • a radio frequency switch circuit is needed to connect the transmitting link, the receiving link and the antenna together, and to be able to switch the two states of signal transmitting and signal receiving.
  • the transmitting link includes the amplifier PA output matching network, and the receiving link includes the low noise amplifier LNA input matching network, so that the switching device and the matching circuit can be combined.
  • the radio frequency switching circuit generally includes a switching device to realize signal transmission. And the signal receives the switching between the two states.
  • the switching device is integrated in the LNA input matching network. When a signal is transmitted, the switching device is closed; when a signal is received, the switching device is opened.
  • the PA output matching network may include a transformer, and the LNA input matching network may include an inductor.
  • this application provides a radio frequency switch circuit, a wireless transceiver system and electronic equipment, which can increase the output power of the PA output matching network and improve work efficiency.
  • this application provides a radio frequency switch circuit, including: a power amplifier PA output matching network and a low noise amplifier LNA input matching network; the output end of the PA output matching network is used to connect an antenna, and the input end of the PA output matching network Used to connect the power amplifier PA;
  • the LNA input matching network includes: a first coupling device, a second coupling device and a switching device; the first coupling device and the second coupling device are coupled to each other; the first end of the first coupling device is used to connect the antenna , the second end of the first coupling device is connected to the first end of the switching device, the second end of the first coupling device is connected to the first end of the low noise amplifier LNA; the second end of the switching device is connected to the first end of the second coupling device , the second terminal of the second coupling device is connected to ground, and the third terminal of the second coupling device is connected to the second terminal of the low noise amplifier LNA; when the signal is transmitted, the switching device is closed, making the first coupling device and the second
  • the equivalent coupling inductance becomes larger, the equivalent coupling coefficient of the transformer increases, which can improve the output power and efficiency of the PA, that is, when the signal is transmitted , the signal strength transmitted from the PA to the antenna is greater, thereby improving work efficiency.
  • the radio frequency signal output by the PA needs to pass through the PA output matching network to reach the antenna, but part of the signal will pass through the first coupling device and the second coupling device in series to the ground, that is, it will be lost.
  • the first coupling device and the second coupling device are connected in series, so that the signal loss path presents a high impedance. After the series connected first coupling device and The second coupling device loses less signal to ground. When the signal is received, the switching device is turned off.
  • This application does not limit the specific implementation form of the first coupling device and the second coupling device. They can be implemented by a coupling transmission line or an inductor.
  • the first coupling device includes a first inductor
  • the second coupling device includes a second inductor
  • the first end of the first coupling device and the first end of the second coupling device have the same name.
  • the first coupling device and the second coupling device may also be coupling transmission lines.
  • the LNA input matching network further includes a DC blocking capacitor; the second end of the first coupling device is connected to the first end of the LNA through the DC blocking capacitor.
  • the function of a DC blocking capacitor is to isolate DC, that is, only AC signals pass through.
  • the LNA includes a switch tube.
  • the second end of the first coupling device is connected to the first end of the switch tube.
  • the third end of the second coupling device is connected to the third end of the switch tube.
  • the switch tube is The second terminal serves as the signal output terminal of the LNA.
  • the second coupling device is the second inductor
  • the second inductor is a three-port device
  • the size of the inductance between the source of the switch tube in the LNA and the ground can be changed by adjusting the position of the tap, so that the source
  • the negative feedback inductor can also be adjusted to the optimal value to meet the needs of the low noise amplifier LNA input matching network.
  • One possible implementation method is to save the area of the circuit board occupied by the two inductors.
  • the first inductor and the second inductor are at least partially overlapped in space, so that the two inductors only occupy the area of one inductor. .
  • the PA output matching network includes a transformer, and the transformer includes a first winding and a second winding; the two ends of the first winding are used to connect the output end of the PA, and the first end of the second winding is used to connect the antenna. The second end of the second winding is connected to ground.
  • the transformer can also isolate interference signals.
  • the transformer can also be replaced by other devices, such as the balun of the transmission line, coupled transmission lines, etc.
  • the PA output matching network further includes: a first matching capacitor and a second matching capacitor; the first matching capacitor is connected in parallel at both ends of the third inductor, and the second matching capacitor is connected in parallel at both ends of the fourth inductor.
  • a possible implementation also includes: a controller; when the controller is used for signal transmission, it sends a driving signal to the control end of the switching device to control the switching device to close, so that the first coupling device and the second coupling device are connected in series; when the signal is received , sending a driving signal to the control end of the switching device to control the switching device to turn off.
  • a controller when the controller is used for signal transmission, it sends a driving signal to the control end of the switching device to control the switching device to close, so that the first coupling device and the second coupling device are connected in series; when the signal is received , sending a driving signal to the control end of the switching device to control the switching device to turn off.
  • This application does not specifically limit the type of controller. For example, it can be controlled by a wireless transceiver chip.
  • this application also provides a wireless transceiver system, including the radio frequency switch circuit introduced above, and also includes: a power amplifier PA and a low noise amplifier LNA; the PA is connected through the PA output matching network in the radio frequency switch circuit Antenna; PA, used to send wireless signals to the antenna through the PA output matching network, and the antenna is used to transmit wireless signals; LNA connects the antenna through the LNA input matching network in the radio frequency switch circuit; LNA, used to receive signals from the antenna through the LNA input matching network Antenna wireless signal.
  • a wireless transceiver system including the radio frequency switch circuit introduced above, and also includes: a power amplifier PA and a low noise amplifier LNA; the PA is connected through the PA output matching network in the radio frequency switch circuit Antenna; PA, used to send wireless signals to the antenna through the PA output matching network, and the antenna is used to transmit wireless signals; LNA connects the antenna through the LNA input matching network in the radio frequency switch circuit; LNA, used to receive signals from the antenna through the LNA input matching
  • the radio frequency switch circuit included in the wireless transceiver system can improve the output power and efficiency of the power amplifier, the overall transmit power of the wireless transceiver system is increased and the signal transmission efficiency is also improved.
  • This application also provides an electronic device, including a wireless transceiver system, and also includes: an antenna; the wireless transceiver system is connected to the antenna; the antenna is used to transmit wireless signals of the wireless transceiver system, and is used to send the received wireless signals to Wireless transceiver system.
  • This application does not specifically limit the specific form of the electronic device. For example, it may be a mobile phone, a phone watch, a tablet, or other terminal equipment capable of sending and receiving wireless signals.
  • the electronic equipment In order to reduce the loss of the radio frequency signal output by the PA to the ground, the electronic equipment provided by this application connects the first coupling device and the second coupling device in series when the signal is transmitted, so that the signal loss path presents a high impedance.
  • the loss signal from the first coupling device and the second coupling device to the ground is less.
  • the transmission efficiency of wireless signals is improved, thereby increasing the communication bandwidth of the electronic device and improving communication efficiency.
  • the radio frequency switch circuit includes: a power amplifier PA output matching network and a low noise amplifier LNA input matching network; the output end of the PA output matching network is used to connect the antenna, and the input end of the PA output matching network is used to connect the power amplifier PA ;
  • the LNA input matching network includes a first coupling device, a second coupling device and a switching device that are magnetically coupled to each other; when the signal is transmitted, the switching device is closed. At this time, the first coupling device and the second coupling device are connected in series. Since the two are connected in series, Therefore, the overall impedance after series connection becomes larger, so the equivalent coupling inductance of the transformer can be increased.
  • the equivalent coupling inductance becomes larger, the equivalent coupling coefficient of the transformer increases, which can improve the output power and efficiency of the power amplifier PA, that is, When the signal is transmitted, the signal strength transmitted from the power amplifier PA to the antenna is greater, thereby improving work efficiency.
  • the RF signal output by the power amplifier PA needs to pass through the power amplifier output matching network to reach the antenna, but part of the signal will pass through the first coupling device and the second coupling device in series to the ground, that is, the energy will be leaked to the ground. causing energy loss.
  • the first coupling device and the second coupling device are connected in series, so that the signal loss path presents a high impedance. After the series-connected first coupling There is less signal loss from the device and the second coupling device to ground.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency switch circuit
  • Figure 2 is a topology diagram of a radio frequency switch circuit
  • Figure 3 is the equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another radio frequency switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a specific circuit diagram corresponding to Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is the equivalent circuit diagram when the signal corresponding to Figure 5 is transmitted
  • Figure 8 is the equivalent circuit diagram when receiving the signal corresponding to Figure 5;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another radio frequency switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is an equivalent model diagram of a coupling transmission line provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is the equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is the equivalent circuit diagram when the signal corresponding to Figure 9 is transmitted;
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a wireless transceiver system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • a radio frequency switch circuit is used in an electronic device to transmit and receive wireless signals as an example.
  • the electronic device can be a mobile terminal device such as a mobile phone, or other electronic device with a wireless signal transceiver function.
  • a mobile phone communicates wirelessly, it receives a wireless signal through an antenna. After the antenna receives the wireless signal, the wireless signal is preprocessed through the low noise amplifier LNA input matching network and passed to the LNA. The LNA filters out the noise of the wireless signal and amplifies it.
  • the rear-stage circuit receives a radio frequency signal.
  • the rear-stage circuit may be a mixer or a phase shifter, and is not specifically limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the mixer or phase shifter sends the radio frequency signal to the PA.
  • the PA amplifies the radio frequency signal, it is processed by the PA output matching network and sent to the antenna, and the antenna emits the radio frequency signal.
  • the radio frequency switch circuit provided in the embodiment of the present application belongs to the processing circuit for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals inside the electronic device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency switch circuit.
  • the radio frequency switch circuit generally includes: a power amplifier PA output matching network 200 and a low noise amplifier LNA input matching network 400.
  • the input end of the PA output matching network 200 is connected to the power amplifier 100, and the output end of the PA output matching network 200 is connected to the antenna.
  • the output end of the LNA input matching network 400 is connected to the low noise amplifier 300, and the input end of the LNA input matching network 400 is connected to the antenna. That is, the PA output matching network 200 is located in the transmitting link, and the LNA input matching network 400 is located in the receiving link.
  • FIG. 2 is a topology diagram of a radio frequency switch circuit.
  • the PA output matching network includes a transformer, that is, inductors L1 and L2.
  • the LNA input matching network includes an inductor L3 and a switch S1.
  • it also includes a source negative feedback circuit L4.
  • the source of the transistor is grounded through the inductor L4, forming a source negative feedback circuit.
  • the input end of the LNA is connected to the antenna through the inductor L3.
  • the transformer formed by L1 and L2 is equivalent to an ideal transformer.
  • k m is the coupling coefficient of the transformer.
  • the voltage conversion ratio of an ideal transformer is After L3 is equivalently transformed to the left side of the ideal transformer, its equivalent inductance value is and inductance connected in parallel to form an equivalent coupled inductance.
  • the expression of equivalent coupling inductance L m is:
  • L3 is the LNA input matching circuit, so L3 has the optimal value. Changing L3 from the optimal value to other values will worsen the noise and voltage standing wave ratio of the receiving link. However, if L3 is not changed, the equivalent coupling coefficient of the transformer will be reduced. The reduction of the equivalent coupling coefficient will increase the insertion loss of the PA output matching network, thereby reducing the output power and efficiency of the PA.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a radio frequency switch circuit that can reduce the output power and efficiency of the PA.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a radio frequency switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the radio frequency switch circuit provided in this embodiment includes: a power amplifier PA output matching network 200 and a low noise amplifier LNA input matching network 400;
  • the output end of the PA output matching network 200 is used to connect to the antenna, and the input end of the PA output matching network 200 is used to connect to the power amplifier 100;
  • the LNA input matching network 400 includes: a first coupling device 401, a second coupling device 402 and a switching device 403;
  • the first coupling device 401 and the second coupling device 402 are coupled to each other; it should be understood that the first coupling device 401 and the second coupling device 402 are mainly magnetically coupled.
  • the first end of the first coupling device 401 is used to connect to the antenna, the second end of the first coupling device 401 is connected to the first end of the switching device 403 , and the second end of the first coupling device 401 is connected to the first end of the low noise amplifier 300 ;
  • the second end of the switching device 403 is connected to the first end of the second coupling device 402, the second end of the second coupling device 402 is grounded, and the third end of the second coupling device 402 is connected to the second end of the low-noise amplifier 300;
  • the switching device 403 When the signal is transmitted, the switching device 403 is closed, so that the first coupling device 401 and the second coupling device 402 are connected in series; when the signal is received, the switching device 403 is opened.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific implementation forms of the first coupling device 401 and the second coupling device 403.
  • the first coupling device 401 includes a first inductor
  • the second coupling device 402 includes a second inductor
  • the first coupling device 401 The first end of the coupling device and the first end of the second coupling device are the same ends, and the first inductor and the second inductor are magnetically coupled when they are coupled to each other.
  • first coupling device 401 and the second coupling device 402 can be implemented by coupling transmission lines, which function similarly to inductors.
  • the switching device when the signal is transmitted, the switching device is closed. At this time, the first coupling device and the second coupling device are connected in series. Since the two are connected in series, the overall impedance after series connection becomes larger. Therefore, it can be increased The equivalent coupling inductance of the transformer. When the equivalent coupling inductance becomes larger, the equivalent coupling coefficient of the transformer increases, which can improve the output power and efficiency of the PA. That is, when the signal is transmitted, the signal intensity transmitted from the PA to the antenna is greater. Thereby improving work efficiency.
  • the radio frequency signal output by the PA needs to pass through the PA output matching network to reach the antenna, but part of the signal will pass through the first coupling device and the second coupling device in series to the ground, that is, it will be lost.
  • the first coupling device and the second coupling device are connected in series, so that the signal loss path presents a high impedance. After the series connected first coupling device and The second coupling device loses less signal to ground.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another radio frequency switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the radio frequency switch circuit shown in Figure 5 is a way in which the coupling device provided by the embodiment of the present application is implemented by an inductor, that is, the first coupling device is the first inductor L3, the second coupling device is the second inductor L4, and the first inductor L3
  • the first terminal and the first terminal of the second inductor L4 are identical terminals, and the coupling between the first inductor L3 and the second inductor L4 is magnetic coupling.
  • the switching device is SW1.
  • the first end of the switching device SW1 is connected to the first inductor L3, the second end of the switching device SW1 is connected to the first end of the second inductor L4, and the second end of the second inductor L4 is connected to the first end of the switching device SW1.
  • the second end is connected to ground, the third end of the second inductor L4 is connected to the second end of the low noise amplifier LNA; at the same time, the second end of the first inductor L3 is connected to the first end of the low noise amplifier LNA.
  • the second inductor L4 is a three-port device, that is, the second inductor L4 includes a middle tap, that is, the middle tap of the second inductor L4 is connected to the source of the low-noise amplifier LNA, forming a source negative feedback circuit.
  • the PA output matching network 200 includes a transformer as an example.
  • the output end of the power amplifier PA is connected to the first winding L1 of the transformer.
  • the first end of the second winding L2 of the transformer is connected to the antenna.
  • the second winding L2 is connected to the antenna.
  • the second terminal is connected to ground.
  • the PA output matching network 200 shown in FIG. 5 includes a transformer, where the transformer can also be replaced by other devices, such as a balun of a transmission line, a coupled transmission line, etc.
  • the switching device SW1 When a signal is transmitted, that is, when the power amplifier PA transmits a signal to the antenna, the switching device SW1 is closed, causing the first inductor L3 and the second inductor L4 to be connected in series; when the signal is received, the switching device SW1 is opened.
  • the low-noise amplifier LNA including the switching tube is introduced as an example.
  • Figure 6 is a specific circuit diagram corresponding to Figure 5.
  • a low-noise amplifier including a switching transistor NM1 is taken as an example, and the PA output matching network 200 and the LNA input matching network 400 are completed.
  • the LNA input matching network 400 also includes a DC blocking capacitor Cin;
  • the second end of the first inductor L3 is connected to the first end of the switch NM1 through the DC blocking capacitor Cin.
  • the third end of the switch NM1 is connected to the third end of the second inductor L4.
  • the second end of the switch NM1 serves as the signal of the LNA.
  • the output terminal is out.
  • the PA output matching network also includes: a first matching capacitor C1 and a second matching capacitor C2;
  • the first matching capacitor C1 is connected in parallel at both ends of the first winding L1
  • the second matching capacitor C2 is connected in parallel at both ends of the second winding L2. That is, the PA output matching network is an LC matching network.
  • the switching device SW1 is an NMOS tube NM2 as an example for introduction, and the switching tube NM1 is also an NMOS tube.
  • the first inductor L3 and the second inductor L4 are at least partially overlapped in space, so that the two inductors only occupy the area of one inductor.
  • Figure 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram when the signal corresponding to Figure 5 is transmitted.
  • Figure 7 shows the circuit when the signal is transmitted, that is, the circuit connection relationship when the switching device SW1 is closed when the signal is transmitted.
  • L3m and L4m are generated by the coupling of the first inductor L3 and the second inductor L4 respectively.
  • SW1 is closed, and the first inductor L3 and the second inductor L4 as well as L3m and L4m are connected in series and then connected to ground.
  • SW1 is opened and the current flowing through the low noise amplifier is connected to ground through L4.
  • the equivalent quality factor Q eq of the LNA input matching network can be calculated as follows:
  • Figure 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram when the signal corresponding to Figure 5 is received.
  • the size of the inductance a(L4+L4m1) between the source of NM1 and the ground can be changed by adjusting the position of the tap, so that the source negative feedback inductance a(L4+ L4m1) can also be adjusted to the optimal value to meet the needs of the low noise amplifier LNA input matching network.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the adjustment method of the position of a.
  • multiple switches can be set, and the specific position of a can be changed by controlling the different states of the switches.
  • it can also be implemented using semiconductor technology.
  • the inductor is implemented using metal lines on a circuit board, and the position of a can be changed by using a laser to break the metal lines.
  • the position of a can be selected according to the specific application scenario, so that the inductance value can be adjusted to the optimal value. This makes the adjustment of the inductor more flexible and facilitates circuit layout. the design of.
  • the source of the low-noise amplifier LNA is grounded through an inductor, which can increase the real part of the input impedance of the transistor gate terminal in the low-noise amplifier LNA.
  • the real part of the input impedance of the gate terminal of the transistor in the low-noise amplifier LNA is small, a complex input matching network needs to be designed, and the smaller input impedance will reduce the bandwidth, and the complex input matching network will increase the insertion loss and increase the Loud noise.
  • the source of the low-noise amplifier LNA is grounded through an inductor, forming source negative feedback, which can increase the real part of the input impedance of the transistor gate terminal in the low-noise amplifier LNA, thereby increasing the bandwidth, reducing insertion loss, and Reduce noise.
  • the radio frequency switch circuit provided in the embodiment of this application can improve the output power of the PA by analyzing the following combined with the formula.
  • L3+L3m should be the optimal value of the LNA input matching inductance shown in Figure 2.
  • the calculation formulas of the equivalent coupling inductance of the transformer of the PA output matching network are:
  • L m0 is the equivalent coupling inductance of the transformer shown in Figure 2
  • L m1 is the equivalent coupling inductance of the transformer shown in Figure 5. Comparing the above two formulas, it can be seen that the equivalent coupling inductance of the transformer shown in Figure 5 is larger than the equivalent coupling inductance of the transformer shown in Figure 2. Therefore, the radio frequency switch circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application has improved The equivalent coupling coefficient of the transformer. When the equivalent coupling coefficient of the transformer is larger, the more energy the transformer transfers from the first winding to the second winding, that is, the energy transmission efficiency is higher. Therefore, the radio frequency provided by the embodiment of the present application The switching circuit can improve the output power and efficiency of the PA, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the wireless communication signal of the electronic device and improving the transmission efficiency.
  • Q eq0 is the equivalent quality factor of Figure 2
  • Q eq1 is the equivalent quality factor of Figure 5.
  • the formula shows that the equivalent quality factor of Figure 5 is larger than that of Figure 2, thus improving the equivalent quality factor of the PA output matching network and improving the output power and efficiency of the PA.
  • the radio frequency switch circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application also includes: a controller; when the controller is used for signal transmission, it sends a driving signal to the control end of the switching device to control the switching device to close, so that the first coupling device and the second coupling device are connected in series. ; The controller is also used to send a driving signal to the control end of the switching device to control the switching device to turn off when the signal is received.
  • the controller may be a controller of a radio frequency switch circuit or a controller of the entire wireless transceiver system.
  • the controller can be a microprocessor or a microcontroller.
  • the controller is required to send a driving pulse signal to the gate of the switching tube or switching device.
  • the coupling device in the radio frequency switch circuit introduced in the above embodiment is introduced by taking the inductor as an example.
  • the following describes the case where the coupling device is implemented by a coupling line.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of another radio frequency switch circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the coupling device in the radio frequency switch circuit provided in this embodiment is implemented by a coupling transmission line.
  • the coupling transmission line includes a first coupling transmission line A and a second coupling transmission line B.
  • the first end of the first coupling transmission line A is connected to the antenna, and the second end of the first coupling transmission line A is connected through a DC blocking capacitor Cin.
  • the first terminal of the low-noise amplifier NM1 and the second coupling transmission line B are similar to the second inductor and are also three-port devices.
  • the first end of the second coupled transmission line B is connected to the second end of the switching device SW1 (NM2), the second end of the second coupled transmission line B is connected to the ground, and the third end of the second coupled transmission line B is connected to the source of the switching tube NM1, forming a Source negative feedback circuit.
  • the function of the coupling transmission line is the same as that of the inductor, but the form is different.
  • the coupled transmission line can be equivalent to two inductors L3 and L4, which are similar to the first inductor and the second inductor introduced in the above embodiment, where L3m and L4m are the coupled inductors between the two inductors L3 and L4, which is equivalent to three
  • the capacitors are C3, C4 and C5 respectively.
  • the equivalent RF switch circuit of the coupled transmission line can be obtained.
  • Figure 12 is an equivalent circuit diagram when the signal corresponding to Figure 9 is transmitted.
  • Figure 12 shows the equivalent circuit diagram during signal transmission, that is, the PA transmits a radio frequency signal to the antenna.
  • the switching device SW1 is closed, the first coupling transmission line and the second coupling transmission line are connected in series, that is, the equivalent inductance and mutual inductance are all connected in series, L3, L3m, L4m and L4 are all connected in series, and then connected in series, they are grounded.
  • the first end of the equivalent capacitor C345 is connected to the antenna, and the second end of C345 is connected to the ground.
  • ⁇ is the operating frequency of the circuit.
  • C345 and C2 can be combined into a capacitor.
  • the impact of the series inductance in the LNA input matching network on the PA output matching network is the same as the corresponding embodiment in Figure 7.
  • the coupling device in the radio frequency switch circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application is implemented by a coupled transmission line, the effect is the same as that of the embodiment corresponding to Figure 7.
  • the low noise amplifier LNA input matching can be added during signal transmission.
  • the impedance of the network prevents the radio frequency signal from leaking to the ground through the low noise amplifier LNA input matching network, thereby increasing the transmission power of the power amplifier PA and improving the radio frequency signal emission efficiency of the radio frequency switching circuit.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a wireless transceiver system, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a wireless transceiver system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the wireless transceiver system provided by the embodiment of the present application includes the radio frequency switch circuit 1000 introduced in the above embodiment, and also includes: a power amplifier 100 and a low-noise amplifier 200;
  • the power amplifier 100 is connected to the antenna through a power amplifier output matching network in the radio frequency switch circuit;
  • the power amplifier 100 is used to send wireless signals to the antenna through the power amplifier output matching network, and the antenna is used to transmit wireless signals;
  • the low noise amplifier 200 connects the antenna through the low noise amplifier input matching network in the radio frequency switching circuit;
  • the low-noise amplifier 200 is used to receive wireless signals from the antenna through the low-noise amplifier input matching network.
  • the other end of the power amplifier 100 can be connected to a mixer or phase shifter for generating radio frequency signals.
  • the power amplifier 100 sends the radio frequency signals to the antenna through the radio frequency switch circuit 1000, and the antenna emits the radio frequency signals.
  • the radio frequency switch circuit included in the wireless transceiver system can improve the output power and efficiency of the power amplifier, the overall transmit power of the wireless transceiver system is increased and the signal transmission efficiency is also improved.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide an electronic device, which will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit the specific form of the electronic device.
  • it may be a mobile phone, a phone watch, a tablet, or other terminal equipment capable of sending and receiving wireless signals.
  • FIG 14 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 3000 provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a wireless transceiver system 2000 and an antenna; the wireless transceiver system 2000 is connected to the antenna;
  • the antenna is used to transmit wireless signals of the wireless transceiver system 2000 and to send received wireless signals to the wireless transceiver system 2000 .
  • the wireless transceiver system included in the electronic equipment provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a radio frequency switch circuit
  • the switch device when the signal is transmitted, the switch device is closed.
  • the first coupling device and the second coupling device are connected in series. Since the two are connected in series, the series connected
  • the overall impedance becomes larger, so the equivalent coupling inductance of the transformer can be increased.
  • the equivalent coupling inductance becomes larger, the equivalent coupling coefficient of the transformer increases, which can improve the output power and efficiency of the PA. That is, when the signal is transmitted, from the PA The signal strength delivered to the antenna is greater, resulting in greater efficiency.
  • the radio frequency signal output by the PA needs to pass through the PA output matching network to reach the antenna, but part of the signal will pass through the first coupling device and the second coupling device in series to the ground, that is, it will be lost.
  • the first coupling device and the second coupling device are connected in series, so that the signal loss path presents a high impedance. After the series connected first coupling device and The second coupling device loses less signal to ground. As a result, the transmission efficiency of wireless signals is improved, thereby increasing the communication bandwidth of the electronic device and improving communication efficiency.
  • At least one (item) refers to one or more, and “plurality” refers to two or more.
  • “And/or” is used to describe the relationship between associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, “A and/or B” can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist simultaneously. , where A and B can be singular or plural. The character “/” generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or” relationship. “At least one of the following” or similar expressions thereof refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item (items) or a plurality of items (items).
  • At least one of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c” ”, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种射频开关电路、无线收发系统及电子设备，包括：功率放大器PA输出匹配网络的输出端连接天线，PA输出匹配网络的输入端连接PA；低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络包括第一耦合器件、第二耦合器件和开关器件；第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件耦合；第一耦合器件的第一端连接天线，第一耦合器件的第二端连接开关器件的第一端，第一耦合器件的第二端连接LNA的第一端；开关器件的第二端连接第二耦合器件的第一端，第二耦合器件的第二端接地，第二耦合器件的第三端连接低噪声放大器LNA的第二端；信号发射开关器件闭合，第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联；信号接收开关器件断开；增大PA输出匹配网络的输出功率，提高工作效率。

Description

一种射频开关电路、无线收发系统及电子设备
本申请要求于2022年05月30日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为202210603028.9、发明名称为“一种射频开关电路、无线收发系统及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及无线信号收发技术领域，尤其涉及一种射频开关电路、无线收发系统及电子设备。
背景技术
目前，无线通信设备中通过同一个天线来实现信号的发射和接收。因此，为了切换发射链路和接收链路，需要一个射频开关电路，将发射链路、接收链路和天线连接在一起，并且能够切换信号发射和信号接收两个状态。
为了简便电路架构，发射链路包括放大器PA输出匹配网络，接收链路包括低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络，这样可以将开关器件和匹配电路进行合并，射频开关电路一般包括一个开关器件来实现信号发射和信号接收两个状态的切换，该开关器件集成在LNA输入匹配网络中。当信号发射时，开关器件闭合；当信号接收时，开关器件断开。其中，PA输出匹配网络可以包括变压器，LNA输入匹配网络可以包括电感。
但是，LNA输入匹配网络中的电感选择不当会降低PA输出匹配网络的输出功率和工作效率。
发明内容
为了解决以上技术问题，本申请提供一种射频开关电路、无线收发系统及电子设备，能够增大PA输出匹配网络的输出功率和提高工作效率。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种射频开关电路，包括：功率放大器PA输出匹配网络和低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络；PA输出匹配网络的输出端用于连接天线，PA输出匹配网络的输入端用于连接功率放大器PA；LNA输入匹配网络包括：第一耦合器件、第二耦合器件和开关器件；第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件相互耦合；第一耦合器件的第一端用于连接天线，第一耦合器件的第二端连接开关器件的第一端，第一耦合器件的第二端连接低噪声放大器LNA的第一端；开关器件的第二端连接第二耦合器件的第一端，第二耦合器件的第二端接地，第二耦合器件的第三端连接低噪声放大器LNA的第二端；信号发射时，开关器件闭合，使第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联；所以串联后的整体阻抗变大，因此，可以增加变压器的等效耦合电感，等效耦合电感变大，则变压器的等效耦合系数提高，从而可以提升PA的输出功率和效率，即在信号发射时，从PA传递到天线的信号强度更大，从而提高工作效率。另外，当信号发射时，PA输出的射频信号需要经过PA输出匹配网络到达天线，但是一部分信号将通过串联的第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件到地，即损失掉。本申请为了降低PA输出的射频信号损失到地，因此，在信号发射时，将第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联，从而使信号损失的路径呈现高阻抗，经过串联的第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件到地的损失信号较少。信号接收时，开关器件断开。
本申请不限定第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件的具体实现形式，可以由耦合传输线来实现，也可以由电感来实现。
第一种，第一耦合器件包括第一电感，第二耦合器件包括第二电感，第一耦合器件的第一端和第二耦合器件的第一端为同名端。第二种，第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件也可以为耦合传输线。
一种可能的实现方式，LNA输入匹配网络还包括隔直电容；第一耦合器件的第二端通过隔直电容连接LNA的第一端。隔直电容的作用是隔离直流的作用，即仅交流信号通过。
下面介绍一种LNA的可能实现方式，LNA包括开关管，第一耦合器件的第二端连接开关管的第一端，第二耦合器件的第三端连接开关管的第三端，开关管的第二端作为LNA的信号输出端。
当第二耦合器件为第二电感时，由于第二电感为三端口器件，因此，可以通过调节该抽头的位置，改变LNA中开关管的源极与地之间的电感的大小，从而源极负反馈电感也能被调节到最佳值，以满足低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络的需求。
一种可能的实现方式，为了节省两个电感所占电路板的面积，在空间布局上，第一电感和第二电感在空间上至少部分重叠布局，这样可以两个电感仅占据一个电感的面积。
一种可能的实现方式，PA输出匹配网络包括变压器，变压器包括第一绕组和第二绕组；第一绕组的两端用于连接PA的输出端，第二绕组的第一端用于连接天线，第二绕组的第二端接地。变压器除了传输能量以外，还可以实现隔离干扰信号的作用，其中，变压器也可以由其他器件来代替，例如传输线的巴伦，耦合传输线等。
一种可能的实现方式，PA输出匹配网络还包括：第一匹配电容和第二匹配电容；第一匹配电容并联在第三电感的两端，第二匹配电容并联在第四电感的两端。
一种可能的实现方式，还包括：控制器；控制器用于信号发射时，向开关器件的控制端发送驱动信号控制开关器件闭合，使第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联；在信号接收时，向开关器件的控制端发送驱动信号控制开关器件断开。本申请不具体限定控制器的类型，例如可以为无线收发芯片来控制。
基于以上提供的射频开关电路，本申请还提供一种无线收发系统，包括以上介绍的射频开关电路，还包括：功率放大器PA和低噪声放大器LNA；PA通过射频开关电路中的PA输出匹配网络连接天线；PA，用于通过PA输出匹配网络将无线信号发送给天线，天线用于发射无线信号；LNA通过射频开关电路中的LNA输入匹配网络连接天线；LNA，用于通过LNA输入匹配网络接收来自天线的无线信号。
由于本申请实施例提供的无线收发系统包括的射频开关电路可以提高功率放大器的输出功率以及效率，因此，该无线收发系统整体的发射功率被提高，信号传输效率也得到提升。
本申请还提供一种电子设备，包括无线收发系统，还包括：天线；无线收发系统连接天线；天线用于发射无线收发系统的无线信号，并用于将接收的无线信号发送给 无线收发系统。本申请不具体限定电子设备的具体形态，例如可以为手机、电话手表、平板或者其他能够收发无线信号的终端设备。
本申请提供的电子设备为了降低PA输出的射频信号损失到地，因此，在信号发射时，将第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联，从而使信号损失的路径呈现高阻抗，经过串联的第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件到地的损失信号较少。从而无线信号的发射效率被提高，从而可以提升该电子设备的通信带宽，提高通信效率。
本申请至少具有以下优点：
本申请提供的射频开关电路，包括：功率放大器PA输出匹配网络和低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络；PA输出匹配网络的输出端用于连接天线，PA输出匹配网络的输入端用于连接功率放大器PA；LNA输入匹配网络包括相互磁耦合的第一耦合器件、第二耦合器件和开关器件；在信号发射时，开关器件闭合，此时第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联，由于两者串联，所以串联后的整体阻抗变大，因此，可以增加变压器的等效耦合电感，等效耦合电感变大，则变压器的等效耦合系数提高，从而可以提升功率放大器PA的输出功率和效率，即在信号发射时，从功率放大器PA传递到天线的信号强度更大，从而提高工作效率。另外，当信号发射时，功率放大器PA输出的射频信号需要经过功率放大器输出匹配网络到达天线，但是一部分信号将通过串联的第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件到地，即能量被泄露到地，造成能量损失。本申请为了降低功率放大器PA输出的射频信号损失到地，因此，在信号发射时，将第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联，从而使信号损失的路径呈现高阻抗，经过串联的第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件到地的损失信号较少。
附图说明
图1为一种射频开关电路的示意图；
图2为一种射频开关电路的拓扑图；
图3为图2对应的等效电路图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种射频开关电路的示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的又一种射频开关电路的示意图；
图6为与图5对应的一种具体电路图；
图7为图5对应的信号发射时的等效电路图；
图8为图5对应的信号接收时的等效电路图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的另一种射频开关电路的示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种耦合传输线的等效模型图；
图11为图10对应的等效电路图；
图12为图9对应的信号发射时的等效电路图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种无线收发系统的示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本申请实施例提供的技术方案，下面先介绍射 频开关电路的应用场景。
本申请实施例中以射频开关电路应用于电子设备进行无线信号的发射和接收为例，例如电子设备可以为手机等移动终端设备，也可以为具有无线信号收发功能的其他电子设备。例如手机在无线通信时，通过天线接收无线信号，天线接收到无线信号以后通过低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络对无线信号进行预处理，传递给LNA，LNA对无线信号进行滤除噪声并放大后给后级电路，后级电路接收的为射频信号，后级电路可以为混频器，也可以为移相器，本申请实施例不做具体限定。同理，手机在发射无线信号时，混频器或移相器将射频信号发送给PA，PA对射频信号进行放大后，经过PA输出匹配网络进行处理后发送给天线，天线发射射频信号。本申请实施例提供的射频开关电路属于电子设备内部进行射频信号收发的处理电路。
下面结合附图介绍一种射频开关电路。
参见图1，该图为一种射频开关电路的示意图。
射频开关电路一般包括：功率放大器PA输出匹配网络200和低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络400，其中，PA输出匹配网络200的输入端连接功率放大器100，PA输出匹配网络200的输出端连接天线。LNA输入匹配网络400的输出端连接低噪声放大器300，LNA输入匹配网络400的输入端连接天线，即PA输出匹配网络200位于发射链路，LNA输入匹配网络400位于接收链路。
参见图2，该图为一种射频开关电路的拓扑图。
图2介绍PA输出匹配网络和LNA输入匹配网络的一种具体实现方式，PA输出匹配网络包括变压器，即包括电感L1和L2。LNA输入匹配网络包括电感L3和开关管S1，另外，还包括源极负反馈电路L4，例如LNA内部包括晶体管，则晶体管的源极通过电感L4接地，形成源极负反馈电路。LNA的输入端通过电感L3连接天线。
当射频开关电路的工作状态为发射时，S1闭合；当射频开关电路的工作状态为接收时，S1断开。
下面结合等效电路图分析图2对应电路的缺点。
参见图3，该图为图2对应的等效电路图。
图3中，将L1和L2形成的变压器等效为理想变压器，当S1闭合时，其中km为变压器的耦合系数。理想变压器的电压变换比为L3等效变换到理想变压器的左侧后，其等效电感值为并且和电感并联，构成等效耦合电感。在变压器的等效模型中，等效耦合电感越大，则表示变压器的等效耦合系数越高。此时等效耦合电感Lm的表达式为：
由此可以看出，当L3越小时，Lm越小。
L3为LNA输入匹配电路，因此L3具有最优值。将L3从最优值改到其他值会恶化接收链路的噪声以及电压驻波比。但是如果不改变L3，会导致变压器的等效耦合系数降低。等效耦合系数的降低会增大PA输出匹配网络的插损，进而降低PA的输出功率和效率。
因此，为了提高PA的输出功率和效率，本申请实施例提供一种射频开关电路，能够降低PA的输出功率和效率。下面结合附图进行详细介绍。
参见图4，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种射频开关电路的示意图。
本实施例提供的射频开关电路，包括：功率放大器PA输出匹配网络200和低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络400；
PA输出匹配网络200的输出端用于连接天线，PA输出匹配网络200的输入端用于连接功率放大器100；
LNA输入匹配网络400包括：第一耦合器件401、第二耦合器件402和开关器件403；
第一耦合器件401和第二耦合器件402相互耦合；应该理解，第一耦合器件401和第二耦合器件402之间主要为磁耦合。
第一耦合器件401的第一端用于连接天线，第一耦合器件401的第二端连接开关器件403的第一端，第一耦合器件401的第二端连接低噪声放大器300的第一端；开关器件403的第二端连接第二耦合器件402的第一端，第二耦合器件402的第二端接地，第二耦合器件402的第三端连接低噪声放大器300的第二端；
信号发射时，开关器件403闭合，使第一耦合器件401和第二耦合器件402串联；信号接收时，开关器件403断开。
本申请实施例不具体限定第一耦合器件401和第二耦合器件403的具体实现形式，例如，第一耦合器件401包括第一电感，第二耦合器件402包括第二电感，第一耦合器件401的第一端和第二耦合器件的第一端为同名端，第一电感和第二电感相互耦合时为磁耦合。
另外一种可能的实现方式，第一耦合器件401和第二耦合器件402可以由耦合传输线来实现，耦合传输线的作用与电感类似。
本申请实施例提供的射频开关电路，在信号发射时，开关器件闭合，此时第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联，由于两者串联，所以串联后的整体阻抗变大，因此，可以增加变压器的等效耦合电感，等效耦合电感变大，则变压器的等效耦合系数提高，从而可以提升PA的输出功率和效率，即在信号发射时，从PA传递到天线的信号强度更大，从而提高工作效率。另外，当信号发射时，PA输出的射频信号需要经过PA输出匹配网络到达天线，但是一部分信号将通过串联的第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件到地，即损失掉。本申请为了降低PA输出的射频信号损失到地，因此，在信号发射时，将第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联，从而使信号损失的路径呈现高阻抗，经过串联的第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件到地的损失信号较少。
下面先结合附图介绍第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件均为电感的情况。
参见图5，该图为本申请实施例提供的又一种射频开关电路的示意图。
图5所示的射频开关电路为本申请实施例提供的耦合器件由电感来实现的方式，即第一耦合器件为第一电感L3，第二耦合器件为第二电感L4，第一电感L3的第一端和第二电感L4的第一端为同名端，第一电感L3和第二电感L4之间的耦合为磁耦合。
其中，开关器件为SW1，从图5中可以看出，开关器件SW1的第一端连接第一电感L3，开关器件SW1的第二端连接第二电感L4的第一端，第二电感L4的第二端接地，第二电感L4的第三端连接低噪声放大器LNA的第二端；同时，第一电感L3的第二端连接低噪声放大器LNA的第一端。
当开关器件SW1闭合时，第一电感L3和第二电感L4串联。其中，第二电感L4为三端口器件，即第二电感L4包括中间抽头，即第二电感L4的中间抽头连接低噪声放大器LNA的源极，形成源极负反馈电路。
对于发射链路，以PA输出匹配网络200包括变压器为例进行介绍，功率放大器PA的输出端连接变压器的第一绕组L1，变压器的第二绕组L2的第一端连接天线，第二绕组L2的第二端接地。
另外，图5中所示的PA输出匹配网络200包括变压器，其中变压器也可以由其他器件来代替，例如传输线的巴伦，耦合传输线等。
信号发射时，即功率放大器PA向天线传输信号时，开关器件SW1闭合，使第一电感L3和第二电感L4串联；信号接收时，开关器件SW1断开。
为了使本领域技术人员更清楚地理解本申请实施例提供的技术方案，下面结合附图详细介绍工作原理。其中以低噪声放大器LNA包括开关管为例进行介绍。
参见图6，该图为与图5对应的一种具体电路图。
图6中以低噪声放大器包括开关管NM1为例，并且完善了PA输出匹配网络200和LNA输入匹配网络400。
LNA输入匹配网络400还包括隔直电容Cin；
第一电感L3的第二端通过隔直电容Cin连接开关管NM1的第一端，开关管NM1的第三端连接第二电感L4的第三端，开关管NM1的第二端作为LNA的信号输出端out。
PA输出匹配网络还包括：第一匹配电容C1和第二匹配电容C2；
第一匹配电容C1并联在第一绕组L1的两端，第二匹配电容C2并联在第二绕组L2的两端，即PA输出匹配网络为LC匹配网络。
图6中以开关器件SW1为NMOS管NM2为例进行介绍，其中开关管NM1也为NMOS管为例进行介绍。
为了节省两个电感所占电路板的面积，在空间布局上，第一电感L3和第二电感L4在空间上至少部分重叠布局，这样可以两个电感仅占据一个电感的面积。
下面结合信号发射时的等效电路图来介绍详细的工作原理。
参见图7，该图为图5对应的信号发射时的等效电路图。
图7所示为信号发射时的电路，即信号发射时，开关器件SW1闭合时的电路连接关系。从图7中可以看出，L3m和L4m分别为第一电感L3和第二电感L4耦合而产生 的耦合电感，且满足L3m＝L4m。当信号发射时，SW1闭合，第一电感L3和第二电感L4以及L3m和L4m串联后接地。当信号接收时，SW1断开，流经低噪声放大器的电流经L4接地。以上四个串联的电感可以等效为一个单独的电感Lrx-tt，并且满足下式：
Lrx-tt＝L3+L3m+L4+L4m
如果SW1的导通电阻为Rsw，则LNA输入匹配网络的等效品质因子Qeq可以计算如下：
下面结合附图介绍信号接收时的等效电路。
参见图8，该图为图5对应的信号接收时的等效电路图。
如图8所示，信号接收时，即射频信号从天线经过LNA输入匹配网络至LNA，开关器件SW1断开，其中，Cpa为功率放大器不工作时的寄生电容。a表示开关管NM1的源极连接到第二电感L4的抽头位置。
应该理解，当开关器件SW1闭合时，第一电感L3和第二电感L4串联在一起；但是开关器件SW1断开时，第一电感L3和第二电感L4并没有串联在一起，因此，SW1闭合时第一电感L3和第二电感L4耦合产生的耦合电感，与开关器件SW1断开时的耦合电感有所区别，为了区分，图8中以L3m1和L4m1分别表示第一电感L3和第二电感L4耦合而产生的耦合电感。
由于第二电感L4为三端口器件，因此，可以通过调节该抽头的位置，改变NM1的源极与地之间的电感a(L4+L4m1)的大小，从而源极负反馈电感a(L4+L4m1)也能被调节到最佳值，以满足低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络的需求。
本申请实施例不具体限定a的位置的调节方式。例如可以设置多个开关，通过控制开关的不同状态，来改变a的具体位置。另外，还可以利用半导体工艺来实现，例如电感利用电路板上的金属线来实现，可以利用激光打断金属线的方式来改变a的位置。
由于本申请实施例提供的射频开关电路中第二电感包括抽头，因此可以根据具体应用场景来选择a的位置，从而使电感值调节到最佳值，这样使电感的调节更加灵活，便于电路版图的设计。
从图8可以看出，当信号接收时，由于开关器件SW1断开，因此，L3和L4并不是串联关系，电流通过NM1的源极和第二电感L4的一部分a(L4+L4m1)到地。
应该理解，本申请实施例提供的射频开关电路中低噪声放大器LNA的源极通过电感接地，可以增大低噪声放大器LNA中晶体管栅极端的输入阻抗的实部。当低噪声放大器LNA中晶体管的栅极端的输入阻抗的实部较小时，需要设计复杂的输入匹配网络，且较小的输入阻抗会减小带宽，复杂的输入匹配网络又会增加插损，增大噪声。本申请实施例中低噪声放大器LNA的源极通过电感接地，形成源极负反馈，可以增加低噪声放大器LNA中晶体管栅极端的输入阻抗的实部，从而可以提高带宽，减小插损，并降低噪声。
下面结合公式分析本申请实施例提供的射频开关电路可以提高PA的输出功率。
为了维持接收链路的LNA输入匹配网络的电感在最佳值，L3+L3m应为图2所示的LNA输入匹配电感的最佳值。对于图2和图5分别所示的射频开关电路，PA输出匹配网络的变压器的等效耦合电感的计算公式分别为：

其中，Lm0为图2所示的变压器的等效耦合电感，Lm1为图5所示的变压器的等效耦合电感。比较以上两个公式可以看出，图5所示的变压器的等效耦合电感相较于图2所示的变压器的等效耦合电感更大，因此，本申请实施例提供的射频开关电路提升了变压器的等效耦合系数，当变压器的等效耦合系数越大时，则变压器从第一绕组传递到第二绕组的能量越多，即能量传输效率越高，因此，本申请实施例提供的射频开关电路可以提升了PA的输出功率和效率，进而可以提升电子设备的无线通信信号的带宽，提高传输效率。
若SW1的导通电阻为Rsw，对图5和图2而言，图5中天线右侧的串联电感的电路的等效品质因子的计算公式分别为：

其中，Qeq0为图2的等效品质因子，Qeq1为图5的等效品质因子。公式表明图5的等效品质因子相较于图2的更大，因而提升了PA输出匹配网络的等效品质因子，提升了PA的输出功率和效率。
应该理解，由于本申请实施例提供的射频开关电路中的开关管和开关器件均为可控开关管，因此，需要控制器来控制开关管和开关器件的开关动作。因此，本申请实施例提供的射频开关电路，还包括：控制器；控制器用于信号发射时，向开关器件的控制端发送驱动信号控制开关器件闭合，使第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联；控制器还用于在信号接收时，向开关器件的控制端发送驱动信号控制开关器件断开。
本申请实施例不具体限定控制器的具体实现形式，例如控制器可以为射频开关电路的控制器，也可以为整个无线收发系统的控制器。例如控制器可以为微处理器，也可以为单片机等。一般需要控制器向开关管或开关器件的栅极发送驱动脉冲信号。
以上实施例介绍的射频开关电路中的耦合器件是以电感为例进行的介绍，下面介绍耦合器件由耦合线来实现的情况。
参见图9，该图为本申请实施例提供的另一种射频开关电路的示意图。
本实施例提供的射频开关电路中的耦合器件由耦合传输线来实现。
如图9所示，耦合传输线包括第一耦合传输线A和第二耦合传输线B，其中，第一耦合传输线A的第一端连接天线，第一耦合传输线A的第二端通过隔直电容Cin连接低噪声放大器NM1的第一端，第二耦合传输线B类似第二电感，也为三端口器件， 第二耦合传输线B的第一端连接开关器件SW1(NM2)的第二端，第二耦合传输线B的第二端接地，第二耦合传输线B的第三端连接开关管NM1的源极，形成源极负反馈电路。
耦合传输线的作用与电感的作用是相同的，仅是表现形态有所区别。
参见图10，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种耦合传输线的等效模型图。
耦合传输线的等效模型为图10，包括电感和电容，下面结合附图介绍图10所示的等效模型的等效电路图。
参见图11，该图为图10对应的等效电路图。
耦合传输线可以等效出两个电感L3和L4，与以上实施例介绍的第一电感和第二电感类似，其中L3m和L4m为两个电感L3和L4之间的耦合电感，等效出三个电容，分别为C3、C4和C5，继续将图11左侧的电路进行等效可以获得图11右侧的电路，即将三个电容C3、C4和C5等效为一个电容C345。
根据图11可以获得耦合传输线的等效射频开关电路。
参见图12，该图为图9对应的信号发射时的等效电路图。
图12所示的为信号发射时的等效电路图，即PA向天线发射射频信号。此时，开关器件SW1闭合，第一耦合传输线和第二耦合传输线串联，即等效的电感和互感均串联，L3、L3m、L4m和L4之间均串联，串联后接地。其中等效电容C345的第一端连接天线，C345的第二端接地。
下面介绍等效电容C345的计算方式。
其中，ω为电路的工作频率。
如图12所示，C345和C2可以合并成一个电容，此时，LNA输入匹配网络中的串联电感对PA输出匹配网络的影响与图7对应的实施例相同。
同理，LNA输入匹配网络中的串联电感的等效品质因子的计算方式也和图7对应的实施例相同。
因此，当本申请实施例提供的射频开关电路中的耦合器件由耦合传输线来实现时，效果与图7所对应的实施例的效果相同，均可以在信号发射时，增加低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络的阻抗，从而阻止射频信号通过低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络泄露到地，从而增加功率放大器PA的传输功率，提高射频开关电路的射频信号的发射效率。
基于以上实施例提供的一种射频开关电路，本申请实施例还提供一种无线收发系统，下面结合附图进行详细介绍。
参见图13，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种无线收发系统的示意图。
本申请实施例提供的无线收发系统，包括以上实施例介绍的射频开关电路1000，还包括：功率放大器100和低噪声放大器200；
功率放大器100通过射频开关电路中的功率放大器输出匹配网络连接天线；
功率放大器100，用于通过功率放大器输出匹配网络将无线信号发送给天线，天线用于发射无线信号；
低噪声放大器200通过射频开关电路中的低噪声放大器输入匹配网络连接天线；
低噪声放大器200，用于通过低噪声放大器输入匹配网络接收来自天线的无线信号。
应该理解，功率放大器100的另一端可以连接混频器或者移相器，用于产生射频信号，功率放大器100将射频信号通过射频开关电路1000发送给天线，天线将射频信号发射出去。
由于本申请实施例提供的无线收发系统包括的射频开关电路可以提高功率放大器的输出功率以及效率，因此，该无线收发系统整体的发射功率被提高，信号传输效率也得到提升。
基于以上实施例提供的一种射频开关电路及无线收发系统，本申请实施例还提供一种电子设备，下面结合附图进行详细介绍。
本申请实施例不具体限定电子设备的具体形态，例如可以为手机、电话手表、平板或者其他能够收发无线信号的终端设备。
参见图14，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的示意图。
本申请实施例提供的电子设备3000，包括无线收发系统2000，还包括天线；无线收发系统2000连接天线；
天线用于发射无线收发系统2000的无线信号，并用于将接收的无线信号发送给无线收发系统2000。
由于本申请实施例提供的电子设备包括的无线收发系统包括射频开关电路，在信号发射时，开关器件闭合，此时第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联，由于两者串联，所以串联后的整体阻抗变大，因此，可以增加变压器的等效耦合电感，等效耦合电感变大，则变压器的等效耦合系数提高，从而可以提升PA的输出功率和效率，即在信号发射时，从PA传递到天线的信号强度更大，从而提高工作效率。另外，当信号发射时，PA输出的射频信号需要经过PA输出匹配网络到达天线，但是一部分信号将通过串联的第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件到地，即损失掉。
本申请为了降低PA输出的射频信号损失到地，因此，在信号发射时，将第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件串联，从而使信号损失的路径呈现高阻抗，经过串联的第一耦合器件和第二耦合器件到地的损失信号较少。从而无线信号的发射效率被提高，从而可以提升该电子设备的通信带宽，提高通信效率。
应当理解，在本申请中，“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。
以上所述，仅是本申请的较佳实施例而已，并非对本申请作任何形式上的限制。虽然本申请已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本申请。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本申请技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本申请技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本申请技术方案的内容，依据本申请的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本申请技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种射频开关电路，其特征在于，包括：功率放大器PA输出匹配网络和低噪声放大器LNA输入匹配网络；
    所述PA输出匹配网络的输出端用于连接天线，所述PA输出匹配网络的输入端用于连接功率放大器PA；
    所述LNA输入匹配网络包括：第一耦合器件、第二耦合器件和开关器件；
    所述第一耦合器件和所述第二耦合器件相互耦合；
    所述第一耦合器件的第一端用于连接天线，所述第一耦合器件的第二端连接所述开关器件的第一端，所述第一耦合器件的第二端连接低噪声放大器LNA的第一端；所述开关器件的第二端连接所述第二耦合器件的第一端，所述第二耦合器件的第二端接地，所述第二耦合器件的第三端连接所述低噪声放大器LNA的第二端；
    信号发射时，所述开关器件闭合，使所述第一耦合器件和所述第二耦合器件串联；信号接收时，所述开关器件断开。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的射频开关电路，其特征在于，所述第一耦合器件包括第一电感，所述第二耦合器件包括第二电感，所述第一耦合器件的第一端和所述第二耦合器件的第一端为同名端。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的射频开关电路，其特征在于，所述第一耦合器件和所述第二耦合器件为耦合传输线。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的射频开关电路，其特征在于，所述LNA输入匹配网络还包括隔直电容；
    所述第一耦合器件的第二端通过所述隔直电容连接所述LNA的第一端。
  5. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的射频开关电路，其特征在于，所述LNA包括开关管，所述第一耦合器件的第二端连接所述开关管的第一端，所述第二耦合器件的第三端连接所述开关管的第三端，所述开关管的第二端作为所述LNA的信号输出端。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的射频开关电路，其特征在于，所述第一电感和所述第二电感在空间上至少部分重叠布局。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的射频开关电路，其特征在于，所述PA输出匹配网络包括变压器，所述变压器包括第一绕组和第二绕组；
    所述第一绕组的两端用于连接所述PA的输出端，所述第二绕组的第一端用于连接所述天线，所述第二绕组的第二端接地。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的射频开关电路，其特征在于，所述PA输出匹配网络还包括：第一匹配电容和第二匹配电容；
    所述第一匹配电容并联在所述第三电感的两端，所述第二匹配电容并联在所述第四电感的两端。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的射频开关电路，其特征在于，还包括：控制器；
    所述控制器，用于信号发射时，向所述开关器件的控制端发送驱动信号控制所述开关器件闭合，使所述第一耦合器件和所述第二耦合器件串联；在信号接收时，向所 述开关器件的控制端发送驱动信号控制所述开关器件断开。
  10. 一种无线收发系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-9任一项所述的射频开关电路，还包括：功率放大器PA和低噪声放大器LNA；
    所述PA通过所述射频开关电路中的PA输出匹配网络连接天线；
    所述PA，用于通过所述PA输出匹配网络将无线信号发送给所述天线，所述天线用于发射所述无线信号；
    所述LNA通过所述射频开关电路中的LNA输入匹配网络连接所述天线；
    所述LNA，用于通过所述LNA输入匹配网络接收来自所述天线的无线信号。
  11. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求10所述的无线收发系统，还包括：天线；
    所述无线收发系统连接所述天线；
    所述天线用于发射所述无线收发系统的无线信号，并用于将接收的无线信号发送给所述无线收发系统。
PCT/CN2023/095754 2022-05-30 2023-05-23 一种射频开关电路、无线收发系统及电子设备 Ceased WO2023231832A1 (zh)

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