WO2023234078A1 - ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023234078A1 WO2023234078A1 PCT/JP2023/018806 JP2023018806W WO2023234078A1 WO 2023234078 A1 WO2023234078 A1 WO 2023234078A1 JP 2023018806 W JP2023018806 W JP 2023018806W WO 2023234078 A1 WO2023234078 A1 WO 2023234078A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
- C08J9/18—Making expandable particles by impregnating polymer particles with the blowing agent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
- C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
- C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
- C08J9/146—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only fluorine as halogen atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/16—Unsaturated hydrocarbons
- C08J2203/162—Halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons, e.g. H2C=CF2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/14—Copolymers of propene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/16—Ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to expanded polyolefin resin particles and a method for producing the same.
- a polyolefin resin foam particle molded product obtained by molding polyolefin resin foam particles in a mold is used for various purposes such as packaging materials, automobile parts, and building materials.
- Polyolefin resin foam particle molded products are manufactured by a method called in-mold molding, in which expanded polyolefin resin particles are filled into a mold and then heated by supplying a heating medium such as steam into the mold. .
- in-mold molding when a heating medium is supplied into the mold, the expanded particles undergo secondary foaming and their surfaces melt. As a result, the foamed particles in the mold are fused to each other, and a molded article having a shape corresponding to the shape of the cavity of the mold can be obtained.
- Expanded polyolefin resin particles can be produced by, for example, impregnating polyolefin resin particles dispersed in an aqueous medium with a physical blowing agent in a closed container, and then placing the polyolefin resin particles impregnated with the physical blowing agent in a closed container. It is produced by discharging it together with an aqueous medium into an environment at a lower pressure. Note that such a foaming method is sometimes called a "direct foaming method.”
- Inorganic physical foaming agents such as water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and air (i.e., a mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide) are used as the physical foaming agents used in the direct foaming method from the viewpoint of environmental impact and safety. ing. Further, Patent Document 1 describes that carbon dioxide is preferred among these inorganic physical foaming agents.
- a method called a two-stage foaming method in which resin particles are foamed in two stages, has conventionally been adopted.
- foamed particles that is, single-stage foamed particles
- the single-stage expanded particles are further expanded by heating to produce expanded polyolefin resin particles having a desired apparent density.
- polyolefin resin foam particles obtained by the two-stage foaming method it may be difficult to obtain a good foam particle molded product depending on the molding conditions during in-mold molding.
- polyolefin resin foam particles obtained by the two-stage foaming method tend to have large variations in particle diameter, and therefore may not satisfy the required performance depending on the use of the foam particle molded product.
- the present invention has been made in view of this background, and provides expanded polyolefin resin particles that are resistant to shrinkage even when the apparent density is low, have excellent moldability, and have small variations in particle size, and the polyolefin.
- the present invention aims to provide a method for producing foamed resin particles.
- a first aspect of the present invention resides in a method for producing expanded polyolefin resin particles according to [1] to [6] below.
- a dispersion step of dispersing polyolefin resin particles in an aqueous medium A blowing agent addition step of adding a physical blowing agent into a sealed container; After impregnating the polyolefin resin particles with the physical foaming agent in the airtight container, the polyolefin resin particles are discharged from the airtight container together with the aqueous medium to foam the polyolefin resin particles, thereby increasing the apparent density.
- the hydrofluoroolefin is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
- [6] The method for producing expanded polyolefin resin particles according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the expanded polyolefin resin particles have a shrinkage rate of 5% or less.
- a second aspect of the present invention resides in polyolefin resin foam particles according to [7] to [11] below.
- Polyolefin resin foam particles formed by foaming polyolefin resin particles using a physical foaming agent the physical blowing agent includes a hydrofluoroolefin;
- the apparent density of the polyolefin resin foam particles is 10 kg/m 3 or more and 80 kg/m 3 or less,
- the foamed polyolefin resin particles have an average value of the short axis of 1.0 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, and a coefficient of variation of the short axis of 10% or less.
- the hydrofluoroolefin is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.
- the expanded polyolefin resin particles according to any one of [7] to [10].
- expanded polyolefin resin particles that are difficult to shrink even when the apparent density is low, have excellent moldability, and have small variations in particle size, and a method for producing the expanded polyolefin resin particles are provided. can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for calculating high-temperature peak heat amount.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a stress-strain curve of a foamed particle molded article.
- polyolefin resin particles (hereinafter referred to as “resin particles”) are formed by a direct foaming method using the specific physical foaming agent.
- the foamed particles can be obtained by foaming.
- a more detailed configuration of the method for producing the expanded polyolefin resin particles will be explained.
- the polyolefin resin particles used for producing the expanded particles are unfoamed resin particles having a polyolefin resin as a base resin.
- the polyolefin resin refers to a homopolymer of an olefin monomer and a copolymer containing 50 mol% or more of a component derived from an olefin monomer. Examples of olefinic monomers include ethylene, propylene, butene, and pentene.
- polyethylene resin for example, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, polybutene, polypentene, and copolymers of olefin monomers and other monomers can be used.
- polyethylene resins examples include high-density polyethylene (PE-HD), medium-density polyethylene (PE-MD), low-density polyethylene (PE-LD), linear low-density polyethylene (PE-LLD), and ultra-low-density polyethylene.
- PE-HD high-density polyethylene
- PE-MD medium-density polyethylene
- PE-LD low-density polyethylene
- PE-LLD linear low-density polyethylene
- ultra-low-density polyethylene polyethylene
- polyethylene ethylene containing 50 mol% or more of components derived from ethylene, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer (EEAK), and ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer (EMMA)
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer
- EAK ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer
- EMMA ethylene-methyl methacrylate cop
- the linear low density polyethylene is preferably a copolymer of ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, has a substantially linear molecular chain, and has a density of 910 kg/m 3 or more and 930 kg /m 3 of polyethylene.
- the melting point of the polyethylene resin is preferably 110°C or more and 130°C or less.
- polypropylene resins include propylene homopolymers such as isotactic polypropylene, syndiotactic polypropylene, and atactic polypropylene; propylene-ethylene copolymers, propylene-butene copolymers, and propylene-ethylene-butene terpolymers.
- propylene-based copolymers containing 50 mol% or more of components derived from propylene such as propylene-hexene copolymers, propylene-acrylic acid copolymers, and propylene-maleic anhydride copolymers. These copolymers are, for example, random copolymers, block copolymers, etc., and preferably random copolymers.
- the melting point of the polypropylene resin is preferably 130°C or more and 160°C or less, more preferably 135°C or more and 155°C or less.
- propylene-ethylene random copolymer, propylene-butene random copolymer, and propylene-ethylene-butene random copolymer are used as the polypropylene resin. It is preferable to use one or more propylene copolymers selected from random copolymers.
- the resin particles may contain one type of resin selected from these polyolefin resins, or may contain two or more types of resin.
- the polyolefin resin constituting the resin particles is preferably a polypropylene resin.
- Polypropylene resin foam particles made by foaming such resin particles have excellent cushioning properties, compressive strain recovery properties, and light weight. Therefore, by in-mold molding polypropylene resin foam particles, it is possible to easily obtain a foam particle molded product suitable for uses such as packaging materials, automobile parts, and building materials.
- the flexural modulus of the polypropylene resin is preferably 1500 MPa or less, more preferably 1200 MPa or less, from the viewpoint of further improving the moldability of the expanded particles. It is preferably 1000 MPa or less, and more preferably 1000 MPa or less.
- the lower limit of the flexural modulus of the polypropylene resin is not particularly limited, but is approximately 800 MPa. Note that the flexural modulus of the polypropylene resin can be determined based on JIS K7171:2008.
- shrinkage of expanded beads immediately after manufacturing can be suppressed. In particular, shrinkage can be suppressed even when foamed particles made of a polypropylene resin with a bending elastic modulus of 1200 MPa or less, which has a weak force to resist shrinkage and is more likely to shrink, are produced.
- the resin particles may contain other resins and polymers other than the polyolefin resin, such as elastomers, as long as they do not impair the objectives and effects of the present invention. good.
- resins other than polyolefin resins include thermoplastic resins such as polystyrene resins, polyamide resins, and polyester resins.
- elastomer include thermoplastic elastomers such as olefin thermoplastic elastomers and styrene thermoplastic elastomers.
- the proportion of other polymers other than the polyolefin resin in the resin particles is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, even more preferably 5% by mass or less, and 0% by mass. %, that is, it is particularly preferable that the resin particles contain only a polyolefin resin as a polymer.
- a cell regulator in the polyolefin resin that is the base resin of the resin particles, a cell regulator, a crystal nucleating agent, a flame retardant, a flame retardant aid, a plasticizer, and an antistatic agent may be added to the extent that the above-mentioned effects are not impaired.
- antioxidants antioxidants, UV inhibitors, light stabilizers, conductive fillers, antibacterial agents, colorants, and other additives may be included.
- the content of the additive in the resin particles is preferably, for example, 0.01 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin resin.
- the method for producing the resin particles is not particularly limited, and various methods such as a strand cutting method, a hot cutting method, and an underwater cutting method can be employed.
- a strand cutting method a polyolefin resin as a base resin and additives such as a bubble nucleating agent are supplied as needed into an extruder, and the mixture is heated and kneaded to form a resin melt-kneaded product. . Thereafter, the molten and kneaded resin material is extruded through a small hole in a die attached to the tip of the extruder to form an extrudate. By cooling this extrudate in water and cutting it into desired lengths, resin particles having a polyolefin resin as a base resin can be obtained.
- ⁇ Dispersion process> polyolefin resin particles are dispersed in an aqueous medium to prepare a dispersion liquid.
- the work of dispersing the resin particles in the aqueous medium is preferably carried out in a closed container used in the blowing agent addition step and the foaming step.
- the dispersion liquid may be moved into a closed container immediately before performing the blowing agent addition step.
- the aqueous medium a liquid whose main component is water is used.
- the aqueous medium may contain a hydrophilic organic solvent such as ethylene glycol, glycerin, methanol, and ethanol.
- the proportion of water in the aqueous medium is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and even more preferably 80% by mass or more.
- a dispersant may be added to the aqueous medium.
- a dispersant By adding a dispersant to the aqueous medium, it is possible to suppress fusion of resin particles heated in the container during the foaming agent addition step and the subsequent foaming step.
- the amount of the dispersant added is preferably 0.001 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the resin particles.
- an organic dispersant or an inorganic dispersant can be used, but it is preferable to use a particulate inorganic substance as the dispersant for ease of handling.
- examples of dispersants include clay minerals such as amsonite, kaolin, mica, and clay, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, basic magnesium carbonate, basic zinc carbonate, calcium carbonate, iron oxide, etc. can be used. These dispersants may be used alone, or two or more dispersants may be used in combination. Among these, it is preferable to use clay minerals as the dispersant. Clay minerals may be natural or synthetic.
- an anionic surfactant such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium alkylbenzenesulfonate, sodium laurylsulfate, and sodium oleate
- the amount of the dispersion aid added is preferably 0.001 parts by mass or more and 1 part by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the resin particles.
- a blowing agent containing hydrofluoroolefin is added into a closed container.
- the timing of performing the foaming agent addition step is not particularly limited as long as it is before the foaming step.
- the blowing agent addition step may be performed before the dispersion step, or may be performed in parallel with the dispersion step.
- the blowing agent addition step can also be performed after the dispersion step is completed.
- the polyolefin resin particles can be impregnated with the hydrofluoroolefin by contacting the polyolefin resin particles with the hydrofluoroolefin in a closed container.
- the physical blowing agent used in the blowing agent addition step contains hydrofluoroolefin. Further, the amount of hydrofluoroolefin added in the blowing agent addition step is 10 parts by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the polyolefin resin particles.
- the blowing agent addition step by impregnating the resin particles with a physical blowing agent containing the specific amount of hydrofluoroolefins, even when foamed particles with a low apparent density are produced in the foaming step, the foamed particles immediately after production are Shrinkage can be suppressed.
- the blowing agent addition step a physical blowing agent containing the specific amount of hydrofluoroolefin is added into a closed container to impregnate the resin particles with the physical blowing agent.
- a blowing agent addition step even when foamed particles having an apparent density of, for example, 50 kg/m 3 or less are produced in the foaming step, shrinkage of the foamed particles immediately after production can be suppressed. .
- the reason for this is not clear, but one possible reason is that, for example, the rate at which hydrofluoroolefins dissipate from the foamed particles immediately after foaming is appropriately slow.
- foamed particles with low apparent density can be produced in one step of foaming.
- a two-stage foaming process that is, a process of further reducing the apparent density of the single-stage foamed particles, and it is possible to reduce variations in the particle diameter of the foamed particles.
- the amount of hydrofluoroolefin added in the blowing agent addition step is too small, the effect of the hydrofluoroolefin may be reduced and it may be difficult to produce foamed particles with a low apparent density through one-step foaming. Moreover, in this case, there is a risk that the moldability of the expanded particles will be reduced. Furthermore, in this case, a two-stage foaming step is required to obtain expanded particles with a low apparent density, which may lead to increased variation in the particle diameter of expanded particles and further deterioration of moldability. These problems can be easily avoided by adding the hydrofluoroolefin in an amount of 10 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the resin particles.
- the amount of hydrofluoroolefins added is preferably 12 parts by mass or more, more preferably 14 parts by mass or more, based on 100 parts by mass of the resin particles. .
- the amount of hydrofluoroolefin added is preferably 28 parts by mass or less, more preferably 26 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the resin particles.
- the amount of hydrofluoroolefins added is 12 parts by mass or more and 26 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the resin particles. It is preferably at most 14 parts by mass and at most 26 parts by mass.
- the physical blowing agent used in the blowing agent addition step may contain blowing agents other than hydrofluoroolefins.
- blowing agents other than hydrofluoroolefins include inorganic physical blowing agents such as water, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and argon.
- the proportion of hydrofluoroolefin in the physical blowing agent is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and 100% by mass, that is, Most preferably, the blowing agent consists solely of hydrofluoroolefins.
- Hydrofluoroolefin refers to a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon having a structure in which at least a hydrogen atom and a fluorine atom are bonded to a carbon skeleton with unsaturated bonds.
- hydrofluoroolefins may have a structure in which hydrogen atoms and fluorine atoms are bonded to a carbon skeleton with unsaturated bonds.
- a chlorine atom may be bonded to the carbon skeleton of the hydrofluoroolefin.
- hydrofluoroolefin is a concept that includes hydrochlorofluoroolefin (HCFO), which has a structure in which a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, and a chlorine atom are bonded to a carbon skeleton provided with an unsaturated bond.
- HCFO hydrochlorofluoroolefin
- hydrofluoroolefins that can be used as physical blowing agents include 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234ze), 1,1,1-4,4,4-hexafluoro-2 -Butene (HFO1336mzz), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf), 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO1233zd), 1-chloro-2,3,3,3- Examples include tetrafluoropropene (HCFO1224yd). These hydrofluoroolefins may be trans or cis.
- the physical foaming agent may contain one type of hydrofluoroolefin, or may contain two or more types of hydrofluoroolefins.
- the hydrofluoroolefin preferably has a carbon skeleton having 3 or more and 5 or less carbon atoms.
- a hydrofluoroolefin as a physical foaming agent, it is possible to more effectively suppress the shrinkage of the foamed particles immediately after foaming, and it is also possible to further improve the moldability of the foamed particles.
- the hydrofluoroolefin has a relatively large molecular skeleton, which slows down the gas permeation rate in the polyolefin resin.
- the molecular weight of the hydrofluoroolefin is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 130 or more.
- the upper limit of the molecular weight of hydrofluoroolefins is approximately 200.
- the hydrofluoroolefin preferably has a chlorine atom in its molecular structure. That is, it is preferable that the physical blowing agent used in the blowing agent addition step contains hydrochlorofluoroolefin. Hydrochlorofluoroolefins have a higher affinity with polyolefin resins than hydrofluoroolefins that do not contain chlorine atoms. Therefore, by using hydrochlorofluoroolefin as a physical blowing agent, it is possible to more effectively suppress the miniaturization of cells in the expanded particles, and further improve the moldability of the expanded particles.
- the hydrofluoroolefin is a group consisting of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. More preferably, it is one or more kinds of compounds selected from the above.
- the blowing agent addition step by adding the physical blowing agent into a closed container, the resin particles in the aqueous medium can be impregnated with the physical blowing agent.
- the entire amount of the physical foaming agent may be added into the sealed container at once, or the physical foaming agent may be added into the sealed container in multiple portions.
- impregnation of the physical blowing agent into the resin particles may be promoted by pressurizing the inside of the sealed container or heating the contents of the sealed container as necessary. .
- the manufacturing method further includes a high temperature peak forming step of maintaining the temperature in the sealed container at a temperature of (melting point of polyolefin resin -30°C) or higher and (melting end temperature of polyolefin resin) or lower for 1 to 60 minutes. It is preferable to have.
- a high temperature peak forming step of maintaining the temperature in the sealed container at a temperature of (melting point of polyolefin resin -30°C) or higher and (melting end temperature of polyolefin resin) or lower for 1 to 60 minutes. It is preferable to have.
- the timing of performing the high temperature peak forming step is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of sufficiently impregnating the resin particles with the hydrofluoroolefin, the high temperature peak forming step is preferably performed after the impregnation of the hydrofluoroolefin into the resin particles is completed. It is preferable to do so. Specifically, it is preferable to perform the high temperature peak forming step after the blowing agent addition step.
- a foaming step is performed.
- the contents of the closed container are released into an environment at a lower pressure than the closed container.
- the resin particles foam to form a cell structure, and are cooled by the outside air, thereby stabilizing the cell structure.
- expanded particles having an apparent density of 10 kg/m 3 or more and 80 kg/m 3 or less can be obtained.
- the expanded particles obtained in this way do not easily shrink even if their apparent density is low, and have excellent moldability.
- the foaming step since the resin particles are foamed in one step so as to have an apparent density within the specific range, variations in the particle diameter of the foamed particles can be reduced.
- an inorganic gas such as nitrogen can be used to pressurize the inside of the closed container.
- the inorganic gas used to maintain the pressure inside the closed container in the foaming process is not included in the physical foaming agent in this specification.
- the pressure inside the closed container during foaming is preferably 0.5 MPa (G) or more in terms of gauge pressure.
- the pressure inside the closed container is preferably 4.0 MPa (G) or less in terms of gauge pressure.
- the shrinkage rate of the expanded polyolefin resin particles immediately after the foaming process is completed is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, and even more preferably 1% or less.
- Foamed beads having a shrinkage rate within the above-mentioned specific range can be easily obtained into a good foamed bead molded product with a low density even when the foamed beads are subsequently subjected to in-mold molding without recovering the shrinkage.
- the time for applying internal pressure to the foamed particles when applying internal pressure to the foamed particles is shortened in the molding process described below. Therefore, by using such expanded particles, the productivity of expanded particle molded articles can be further improved.
- the lower limit of the shrinkage rate of the expanded polyolefin resin particles is 0%.
- the method for measuring the shrinkage rate of the foamed particles described above is as follows. First, the expanded beads immediately after production are dried in an atmosphere at a temperature of 60° C. for 1 hour, and then the bulk ratio M1 of the expanded beads is measured by the method described below. Next, the foamed particles are placed in a pressure-resistant container, and an inorganic gas is injected into the pressure-resistant container to pressurize the inside of the container to 0.3 MPa (G). By maintaining this pressure for 12 hours, the foamed particles are impregnated with an inorganic gas such as air, and internal pressure is applied by increasing the pressure within the cells of the foamed particles.
- an inorganic gas such as air
- the shrinkage of the foamed particles can be recovered by leaving them for 12 hours under atmospheric pressure.
- the bulk factor M2 of the expanded particles whose shrinkage has been recovered in this way is measured by the method described below.
- the shrinkage rate (unit: %) of the expanded particles is a value calculated based on the following formula (1) using the bulk factors M1 and M2 obtained in this way.
- the expanded particles immediately after production refer to the expanded particles immediately after the foaming process is completed (more specifically, the expanded particles at the time when all the contents in the closed container are released in the foaming process).
- Shrinkage rate (M2-M1)/M2 ⁇ 100...(1)
- the bulk ratio of the expanded particles is the value obtained by dividing the density (unit: kg/m 3 ) of the polyolefin resin constituting the expanded particles by the bulk density (unit: kg/m 3 ) of the expanded particles.
- the method for measuring the bulk density of expanded particles is as follows. First, the foamed particles to be measured are filled into a graduated cylinder so as to naturally accumulate, and the bulk volume (unit: L) of the foamed particles is read from the scale of the graduated cylinder. Then, the bulk density of the foamed particles (unit: kg/m 3 ) can be obtained by converting the value obtained by dividing the mass (unit: g) of the foamed particle group in the graduated cylinder by the bulk volume mentioned above. .
- polyolefin resin foam particles According to the above manufacturing method, expanded polyolefin resin particles can be obtained.
- the base resin of the expanded polyolefin resin particles is a polyolefin resin.
- the polyolefin resin constituting the expanded particles is the same as the polyolefin resin constituting the resin particles described above. Therefore, for the specific structure of the polyolefin resin in the expanded particles, the description of the polyolefin resin in the resin particles can be referred to as appropriate.
- the expanded particles are obtained by foaming resin particles using a physical foaming agent containing hydrofluoroolefins.
- a physical foaming agent containing hydrofluoroolefins For the specific structure of the physical blowing agent contained in the expanded particles, the description of the physical blowing agent used in the blowing agent addition step can be referred to as appropriate.
- the foamed particles have an apparent density of 10 kg/m 3 or more and 80 kg/m 3 or less.
- a physical blowing agent containing a hydrofluoroolefin even when producing foamed particles having an apparent density in the specific range by the direct foaming method, shrinkage of the foamed particles immediately after foaming can be suppressed. I can do it.
- the foamed particles can be easily molded into a good molded product under a wide molding pressure range from low pressure to high pressure.
- the apparent density of the expanded particles is preferably 10 kg/m 3 or more and 50 kg/m 3 or less, and more preferably 15 kg/m 3 or more and 45 kg/m 3 or less. It is preferably 18 kg/m 3 or more and 30 kg/m 3 or less.
- the method for calculating the apparent density of expanded particles is as follows. First, a group of foamed particles is allowed to stand for one day in an environment of relative humidity of 50%, temperature of 23° C., and atmospheric pressure of 1 atm to adjust the state of the foamed particles. After measuring the mass (unit: g) of this foamed particle group, it is submerged in a measuring cylinder filled with alcohol (e.g. ethanol) at 23°C using a wire mesh, and the volume of the foamed particle group is measured as the liquid level rises. Find (unit: L). Thereafter, the apparent density (unit: kg/m 3 ) of the foamed particles can be calculated by converting the value obtained by dividing the mass of the foamed particles by the volume of the foamed particles into units.
- alcohol e.g. ethanol
- the average value of the short axis of the foamed particles is 1.0 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, and the coefficient of variation of the short axis is 10% or less. That is, in a foamed particle group consisting of a large number of foamed particles, when the breadth of the foamed particles constituting the foamed particle group is measured, the breadth of the foamed particles is calculated using the breadth of these foamed particles.
- the average value of is 1.0 mm or more and 5.0 mm or less, and the coefficient of variation of the short axis is 10% or less.
- foamed particles with a low apparent density can be produced in one step of foaming.
- by producing a foamed particle molded body using foamed particles whose average value and coefficient of variation of the short axis are each within the above-mentioned specific ranges it is possible to more easily improve the energy absorption performance of the foamed particle molded body. can.
- the lower limit of the coefficient of variation of the short axis is approximately 1%.
- the average value of the short diameter of the expanded particles is more preferably 2.0 mm or more and 4.0 mm or less.
- the average value of the short axis and the coefficient of variation of the short axis of the foamed particles can be measured using a projection imaging type particle size distribution measuring device.
- the short axis of a foamed particle is the length at which the distance between two parallel lines sandwiching the foamed particle is the minimum in a projected image of the foamed particle taken by a projection image capturing type particle size distribution measuring device (in other words, the minimum Feret diameter).
- the average value T av (unit: mm) of the short axis of the expanded particles is a value calculated based on the following formula (2).
- the coefficient of variation T cv (unit: %) of the short axis of the foamed particles is the standard deviation T sd ( unit: :mm) expressed as a percentage.
- T av ⁇ (T i )/n
- T cv T sd /T av ⁇ 100
- T sd ( ⁇ (T i -T av ) 2 /(n-1)) 1/2 ...(4)
- T i in the above formulas (2) and (4) is the value (unit: mm) of the breadth of the i-th measured foamed particle, and n is the total number of the measured foamed particles.
- the value of n may be, for example, 1000 or more.
- the average cell diameter of the expanded particles is preferably 100 ⁇ m or more. Expanded particles having an average cell diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more have better moldability because the cell miniaturization is further suppressed. From the same viewpoint, it is more preferable that the average cell diameter of the expanded particles is 110 ⁇ m or more. On the other hand, the upper limit of the average cell diameter of the expanded particles is preferably 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 250 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 200 ⁇ m.
- propylene-ethylene random copolymer propylene-butene random copolymer, and propylene-ethylene-butene random copolymer are used as the polypropylene resin. It is preferable to use more than one type of propylene copolymer.
- the above-mentioned upper and lower limits of the average cell diameter of the expanded particles can be arbitrarily combined.
- the preferable range of the average cell diameter of the expanded particles may be 100 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, 110 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less, or 110 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the average cell diameter of the expanded particles is a value calculated by the following method. First, the expanded particles are cut into approximately two equal parts. Next, an enlarged photograph is taken so that the entire exposed cut surface is within the field of view. On the obtained enlarged photograph, line segments from the outermost surface of the foamed particles through the center to the opposite outermost surface are drawn so that the angles between the adjacent line segments are equal (in other words, the angles between the adjacent line segments are (so that the angle formed by the two lines is 45°). The value obtained by dividing the total length of the four line segments thus obtained by the total number of bubbles intersecting the line segments is defined as the bubble diameter of each foamed particle.
- the above operation is performed on 10 or more randomly selected expanded particles, and the arithmetic average of the bubble diameters of the foamed particles obtained for each expanded particle is taken as the average bubble diameter of the expanded particles.
- the content of hydrofluoroolefin contained in the expanded polyolefin resin particles is preferably 1% by mass or less, more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and 0.1% by mass or less. is more preferable, and particularly preferably 0% by mass.
- the content of hydrofluoroolefins in the expanded particles can be measured using a headspace method gas chromatograph mass spectrometer.
- the hydrofluoroolefin impregnated into the resin particles as a physical foaming agent rapidly dissipates from the expanded polyolefin resin particles immediately after foaming. Therefore, in the case of the expanded particles obtained by the above production method, the amount of hydrofluoroolefins in the expanded particles left undisturbed for 3 days at normal pressure and room temperature immediately after production is 1% by mass or less, for example.
- hydrofluoroolefins are sometimes used, for example, in polystyrene resin foams, etc., for the purpose of improving the heat insulation properties by utilizing the property that they tend to remain in the foams.
- the DSC curve obtained when the expanded particles are heated from 23°C to 200°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min shows an endothermic peak due to the melting of the polyolefin resin that makes up the expanded particles, and a higher temperature side than this endothermic peak. It is preferable to have a crystal structure in which one or more melting peaks located at . Expanded particles having such a crystal structure have excellent mechanical strength and moldability.
- the endothermic peak due to melting inherent to the polyolefin resin that appears in the DSC curve is referred to as a "resin specific peak”
- the melting peak that appears on the higher temperature side than the resin specific peak is referred to as a "high temperature peak”.
- the resin-specific peak is caused by heat absorption when the crystals inherent in the polyolefin resin constituting the expanded particles melt.
- the high temperature peak is estimated to be caused by melting of secondary crystals formed in the polyolefin resin constituting the expanded particles during the manufacturing process of the expanded particles. That is, when a high temperature peak appears in the DSC curve, it is presumed that secondary crystals are formed in the polyolefin resin.
- Whether the expanded particles have the crystal structure described above may be determined based on a DSC curve obtained by performing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under the conditions described above in accordance with JIS K7121:1987. Furthermore, when performing DSC, 1 to 3 mg of expanded particles may be used as a sample.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the DSC curve obtained when heating from 23°C to 200°C (that is, the first heating) at a heating rate of 10°C/min as described above has a high temperature peak, Both the resin-specific peak of the polyolefin resin constituting the expanded particles appear.
- the first heating it was cooled from 200°C to 23°C at a cooling rate of 10°C/min, and then heated again from 23°C to 200°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min ( That is, in the DSC curve obtained when performing the second heating, only the resin-specific peak of the polyolefin resin constituting the expanded particles is seen.
- the resin-specific peak and the high temperature peak can be distinguished.
- the temperature at the top of this resin-specific peak may differ somewhat between the first heating and the second heating, but the difference is usually within 5°C.
- the heat of fusion at the high temperature peak of the expanded particles is preferably 5 J/g or more and 40 J/g or less, and 7 J/g or more, from the viewpoint of further improving the moldability of the expanded particles and obtaining a molded product with better rigidity. It is more preferably 10 J/g or more and 20 J/g or less, and even more preferably 10 J/g or more and 20 J/g or less.
- the heat of fusion of the high temperature peak mentioned above is a value determined as follows.
- a DSC curve is obtained by performing differential scanning calorimetry using 1 to 3 mg of expanded particles after conditioning as a sample and heating from 23° C. to 200° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a DSC curve.
- the DSC curve includes a resin-specific peak ⁇ H1 and a high-temperature peak ⁇ H2 having an apex on the higher temperature side than the apex of the resin-specific peak ⁇ H1, as shown in FIG.
- the melting end temperature T is the end point on the high temperature side of the high temperature peak ⁇ H2, that is, the intersection of the high temperature peak ⁇ H2 and the baseline on the higher temperature side than the high temperature peak ⁇ H2 in the DSC curve.
- Example 1 expanded polypropylene resin particles were produced by foaming polypropylene resin particles by a direct foaming method using hydrochlorofluoroolefin as a physical foaming agent.
- a more detailed method for manufacturing the expanded particles of this example is as follows.
- Polypropylene resin particles were manufactured by a strand cutting method.
- An extrusion device equipped with an extruder having an inner diameter of 50 mm and a die attached to the tip of the extruder was used to manufacture the polypropylene resin particles.
- a polypropylene resin and zinc borate as a cell nucleating agent were charged into an extruder and melt-kneaded in the extruder to form a resin melt-kneaded product. Thereafter, the resin melt-kneaded product was extruded from a die of an extruder to obtain an extrudate.
- This extrudate was cooled by passing it through a water tank, and then cut into appropriate lengths using a pelletizer to obtain polypropylene resin particles.
- the obtained polypropylene resin particles were generally uniform, and the mass of each polypropylene resin particle was about 1.0 mg.
- the polypropylene resin used in this example is an ethylene-propylene random copolymer.
- the melting point of the ethylene-propylene random copolymer measured based on JIS K7121:1987 is 143°C.
- the flexural modulus of the ethylene-propylene random copolymer measured based on JIS K7171:2008 is 980 MPa.
- the melt mass flow rate of the ethylene-propylene random copolymer measured at a temperature of 230° C. and a load of 2.16 kg according to JIS K7210-1:2014 is 8 g/10 minutes.
- the density of this ethylene-propylene random copolymer is 900 kg/m 3 .
- the ethylene-propylene random copolymer used in this example is described as "rPP".
- the bubble nucleating agent used in this example was zinc borate. As shown in Table 1, the amount of zinc borate added was 1000 ppm by mass based on the mass of the resin particles.
- ⁇ Dispersion process> 1 kg of polypropylene resin particles were placed into a closed container with a volume of 5 L together with 3 L of water as an aqueous medium. Next, 0.3 parts by mass of a dispersant, 0.004 parts by mass of a surfactant, and 0.01 parts by mass of a dispersion aid are added to 100 parts by mass of the resin particles in a sealed container, The resin particles were dispersed in an aqueous medium.
- Kaolin was used as a dispersant
- sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Neogen (registered trademark) manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) was used as a surfactant
- aluminum sulfate was used as a dispersion aid.
- Example 2 In this example, the method was the same as in Example 1 except that 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HCFO1224yd) was used as the physical blowing agent and the foaming temperature was changed to the value shown in Table 1. Expanded polypropylene resin particles were prepared. In addition, in Table 1, the hydrochlorofluoroolefin used in this example was described as "HCFO2".
- HCFO2 1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- Example 3 In this example, a hydrofluoroolefin containing no chlorine in its molecular structure was used as the physical blowing agent instead of the hydrochlorofluoroolefin. Specifically, foamed polypropylene resin particles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234ze) was used and the foaming temperature was changed to the values shown in Table 1. was created. In addition, in Table 1, the hydrofluoroolefin used in this example was described as "HFO1".
- Example 4 expanded polypropylene resin particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of hydrochlorofluoroolefin added and the foaming temperature were changed to the values shown in Table 1.
- Example 5 expanded polyethylene resin particles were produced by foaming polyethylene resin particles by a direct foaming method using hydrochlorofluoroolefin as a physical foaming agent.
- a more detailed method for manufacturing the expanded particles of this example is as follows.
- the polyethylene resin particles were manufactured by a strand cutting method.
- An extrusion device equipped with an extruder having an inner diameter of 50 mm and a die attached to the tip of the extruder was used to manufacture the polyethylene resin particles.
- a polyethylene resin and zinc borate as a cell nucleating agent were charged into an extruder and melt-kneaded in the extruder to form a resin melt-kneaded product.
- the resin melt-kneaded product was extruded from a die of an extruder to obtain an extrudate.
- This extrudate was cooled by passing it through a water tank, and then cut into appropriate lengths using a pelletizer to obtain polyethylene resin particles.
- the obtained polyethylene resin particles were generally uniform, and the mass of each polyethylene resin particle was about 1.5 mg.
- the polyethylene resin used in this example is linear low density polyethylene (PE-LLD).
- the melting point of linear low density polyethylene measured based on JIS K7121:1987 is 120°C.
- the melt mass flow rate of linear low density polyethylene measured at a temperature of 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg is 1.0 g/10 minutes.
- the density of this linear low density polyethylene is 925 kg/m 3 .
- Table 2 the linear low density polyethylene used in this example was described as "PE".
- the bubble nucleating agent used in this example was zinc borate. As shown in Table 2, the amount of zinc borate added was 200 ppm by mass based on the mass of the resin particles.
- Example 1 polypropylene resin foam particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) was used as the physical blowing agent and the blowing agent addition step was changed as follows.
- the blowing agent addition step in this example is specifically as follows.
- the inside of the sealed container was further heated to raise the temperature inside the container to the foaming temperature shown in Table 1.
- the resin particles were sufficiently impregnated with carbon dioxide and the state of the resin particles was adjusted so that a high temperature peak was formed in the DSC curve of the expanded particles.
- a foaming step was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain expanded polypropylene resin particles.
- the added amount of the blowing agent in Table 1 is indicated by "-". is listed.
- expanded polypropylene resin particles were produced by a two-stage foaming method. More specifically, first, polypropylene resin particles were foamed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that carbon dioxide was used as a physical foaming agent and the foaming temperature and pressure inside the container were changed to the values shown in Table 1. Single-stage expanded particles were obtained. The apparent density of the single-stage expanded particles was 81 kg/m 3 .
- the single-stage foamed particles were placed in a pressure-resistant container, and the inside of the pressure-resistant container was pressurized with an inorganic gas to increase the pressure inside the bubbles of the single-stage foamed particles. Thereafter, the single-stage foamed particles taken out from the pressure container were heated using a heating medium to further expand the single-stage foamed particles and reduce the apparent density. Through the above steps, expanded polypropylene resin particles were obtained.
- Example 6 Polyethylene resin was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6, except that carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) was used as the physical blowing agent, the manufacturing conditions were changed as shown in Table 2, and a two-stage foaming method was adopted. Expanded particles were produced.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- Example 6 a propylene homopolymer (homopolypropylene) was used as the polypropylene resin.
- the melting point of the propylene homopolymer measured based on JIS K7121:1987 is 163°C.
- the flexural modulus of the propylene homopolymer measured based on JIS K7171:2008 is 1350 MPa.
- the melt mass flow rate of the propylene homopolymer measured at a temperature of 230° C. and a load of 2.16 kg is 9 g/10 minutes.
- the density of the propylene homopolymer is 900 kg/m 3 .
- the method for producing expanded polypropylene resin particles in this example is the same as in Example 1 except for these changes.
- ⁇ High temperature peak heat amount> The foamed particles were allowed to stand for 24 hours or more in an environment with a relative humidity of 50%, a temperature of 23° C., and an atmospheric pressure of 1 atm to adjust the condition of the expanded particles.
- a DSC curve was obtained by performing differential scanning calorimetry using 1 to 3 mg of expanded particles after conditioning in accordance with JIS K7121:1987. The measurement start temperature in DSC was 23°C, the measurement end temperature was 200°C, and the heating rate was 10°C/min. Further, as a measuring device, a heat flux differential scanning calorimeter “DSC7020” manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd. was used. The area of the high temperature peak in the DSC curve obtained by the method described above was calculated, and the high temperature peak heat amount was calculated based on this value. Tables 1 and 2 show the high-temperature peak calorific values of expanded particles in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the foamed particles were allowed to stand for 24 hours or more in an environment with a relative humidity of 50%, a temperature of 23° C., and an atmospheric pressure of 1 atm to adjust the condition of the expanded particles. After measuring the mass of the conditioned foamed particles, they were submerged in a measuring cylinder containing ethanol at a temperature of 23° C. using a wire mesh. Then, taking into account the volume of the wire mesh, the volume of the expanded particle group, which can be read from the rise in water level, was measured.
- the foamed particles were allowed to stand for 24 hours or more in an environment with a relative humidity of 50%, a temperature of 23° C., and an atmospheric pressure of 1 atm to adjust the condition of the expanded particles.
- the conditioned foamed particles were filled into a graduated cylinder so that they would naturally accumulate, and the bulk volume (unit: L) of the foamed particles was read from the scale of the graduated cylinder. Thereafter, the mass (unit: g) of the foamed particle group in the graduated cylinder was divided by the bulk volume described above, and further unit conversion was performed to calculate the bulk density (unit: kg/m 3 ) of the expanded particle. Further, the bulk ratio of the foamed particles was calculated by dividing the density of the resin constituting the foamed particles by the bulk density of the foamed particles. Tables 1 and 2 show the bulk density and bulk magnification of expanded particles in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the closed cell ratio of the expanded particles was measured using an air comparison hydrometer according to ASTM-D2856-70 Procedure C. Specifically, it was determined as follows. The foamed particles having a bulk volume of about 20 cm 3 after conditioning were used as measurement samples, and the apparent volume Va was accurately measured by the ethanol immersion method as described below. After sufficiently drying the measurement sample for which the apparent volume Va was measured, it was measured using an air comparison hydrometer (Beckman Model 1000 Air Comparison Pycnometer manufactured by Tokyo Science Co., Ltd.) according to procedure C described in ASTM-D2856-70. The true volume value Vx of the sample for measurement was measured.
- the closed cell ratio of the measurement sample was calculated based on the following equation (5).
- Closed cell ratio (%) (Vx-W/ ⁇ ) x 100/(Va-W/ ⁇ ) (5)
- Vx True volume of the foamed particles measured by the above method, that is, the sum of the volume of the resin constituting the foamed particles and the total volume of the cells in the closed cell portion within the foamed particles (unit: cm 3 )
- Va Apparent volume of foamed particles measured from the rise in water level when the foamed particles are submerged in a measuring cylinder containing ethanol (unit: cm 3 )
- W Mass of measurement sample (unit: g)
- ⁇ Density of resin constituting expanded particles (unit: g/cm 3 )
- Tables 1 and 2 show the closed cell ratio of expanded particles in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- ⁇ Average cell diameter of expanded particles First, the expanded particles were cut into approximately two equal parts. Next, an enlarged photograph was taken so that the entire exposed cut surface was within the field of view. On the obtained enlarged photograph, draw a line segment from the outermost surface of the expanded particle through the center to the opposite outermost surface so that the angles between the adjacent line segments are equal (in other words, the lines between the adjacent line segments (so that the angle they make is 45°). The cell diameter of each foamed particle was calculated by dividing the total length of the four line segments thus obtained by the total number of bubbles intersecting the line segments.
- ⁇ Average value and coefficient of variation of short axis> 1000 foamed particles were randomly taken out from each of the foamed particle groups of Examples and Comparative Examples, and the short axis of each foamed particle was measured using a projection image capturing type particle size distribution measuring device ("PartAn3D" manufactured by MicrotracBEL). It was measured. Using the breadth of the foamed particles obtained in this way, the average value of the breadth of the foamed particles T av (unit: mm) and the standard deviation T sd (unit: mm) and the coefficient of variation T cv (unit: %) were calculated.
- T av ⁇ (T i )/n (2)
- T cv T sd /T av ⁇ 100 (3)
- T sd ( ⁇ (T i -T av ) 2 /(n-1)) 1/2 ...(4)
- T i in the above formulas (2) and (4) is the value (unit: mm) of the breadth of the i-th measured foamed particle, and n is the total number of the measured foamed particles.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the average value T av and coefficient of variation T cv of the breadth of the expanded particles.
- ⁇ Shrinkage rate of expanded particles The foamed particles immediately after production were dried in an atmosphere at a temperature of 60° C. for 1 hour, and then the bulk ratio M1 of the expanded particles was measured. Next, the expanded particles were placed in a pressure-resistant container, and an inorganic gas was injected into the pressure-resistant container to pressurize the inside of the container to 0.3 MPa. This pressure was maintained for 12 hours to impregnate the foamed particles with an inorganic gas, and internal pressure was applied by increasing the pressure within the cells of the foamed particles. After the foamed particles to which internal pressure had been applied were taken out from the pressure container, they were allowed to stand under atmospheric pressure for 12 hours, thereby recovering the shrinkage of the foamed particles. The bulk magnification M2 of the expanded particles recovered from shrinkage in this manner was measured.
- the foamed particle molded product was obtained by performing in-mold molding while changing the molding pressure during main heating in 0.01 MPa increments between 0.08 and 0.38 MPa (G). was prepared, and the minimum molding pressure and moldable range were determined based on the surface properties, fusion properties, and recovery properties of the obtained molded product.
- the method for producing the expanded particle molded body is as follows. First, the foamed particles were placed in a pressure-resistant container, and the inside of the pressure-resistant container was pressurized with an inorganic gas such as air or carbon dioxide to impregnate the foamed particles with the inorganic gas, giving an internal pressure of 0.10 MPa (G) to the foamed particles. . In addition, for examples molded without applying internal pressure, "-" is written in the column of internal pressure in the table. Next, the foamed particles to which internal pressure had been applied were filled into a mold by a cracking filling method. In this example, a mold having a cavity capable of molding a flat expanded particle molded product measuring 250 mm long, 200 mm wide, and 50 mm thick was used.
- an inorganic gas such as air or carbon dioxide
- the foamed particles are filled into the mold with a cracking gap of 5 mm (that is, 10% cracking amount) in the thickness direction of the molded product, and then the mold is completely closed.
- the foamed particles inside were mechanically compressed.
- the expanded particle molded product taken out from the mold was left standing in an oven at 80°C for 12 hours to perform a curing process.
- the foamed bead molded product was left to stand for 24 hours at a relative humidity of 50%, 23° C., and 1 atm to condition the foamed bead molded product.
- the surface properties, fusion properties, and recovery properties of the foamed particle molded product after conditioning were evaluated, and the molding pressure at which the product passed the evaluation criteria described below (in other words, the molding pressure at which a passing product could be obtained) was evaluated. ), the smallest molding pressure was taken as the minimum molding pressure.
- the number of molding pressures (that is, the number of molding conditions) at which a passing product (that is, a good molded body) could be obtained was defined as the moldable range.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the minimum molding pressure and moldable range of expanded particles in Examples and Comparative Examples. It can be determined that the lower the lower limit molding pressure and the wider the moldable range, the better the moldability is.
- the methods for evaluating surface properties, fusion properties, and recoverability in evaluating the minimum molding pressure and moldable range are as follows.
- a 100 mm x 100 mm square was drawn at the center of one skin surface in the thickness direction of the expanded particle molded product, and then a diagonal line was drawn from any one corner of this square. Then, among the voids existing on the diagonal line, that is, the gaps formed between the expanded particles, the number of voids having a size of 1 mm x 1 mm or more was counted. Then, when the number of voids was 2 or less, it was determined to pass, and when there were 3 or more, it was determined to be failed.
- the expanded particle molded body was broken into approximately equal parts in the longitudinal direction. Visually observe at least 100 randomly selected foamed particles exposed on the fracture surface to determine if the foamed particles have broken inside the particles (that is, the foamed particles have undergone material destruction) or if the foamed particles are bonded to each other. It was determined whether the foamed particles were broken at the interface. Then, a value expressed as a percentage of the number of foamed particles broken inside the particles to the total number of foamed particles observed (that is, material destruction rate) was calculated, and this value was taken as the fusion rate. When the fusion rate was 90% or more, it was determined to be a pass, and when it was less than 90%, it was determined to be a fail.
- ⁇ Recovery property In a plan view of the foamed bead molded product from the thickness direction, the thickness of the foamed bead molded product at four positions 10 mm inward from each vertex toward the center, and the thickness of the foamed bead molded product at the center. were measured respectively. Next, the ratio (unit: %) of the thickness of the thinnest part to the thickness of the thickest part among the measured parts was calculated. When the thickness ratio obtained in this way was 95% or more, it was judged to be acceptable, and when it was less than 95%, it was judged to be unacceptable.
- the skin surface that is, the surface that was in contact with the inner surface of the mold during in-mold molding, is removed vertically from the center of the expanded particle molded product obtained by in-mold molding at the minimum molding pressure.
- a compression test was performed on the test piece based on the method specified in JIS K6767:1999, and a stress-strain curve was obtained.
- Compressive stress ⁇ 70 (unit: kPa) was calculated. Note that the compression test was conducted in a laboratory at 23° C., and the compression speed was 10 mm/min. Compressive stress is an index of the rigidity of a molded body, and for example, a molded body with a high 50% deformation compressive stress ⁇ 50 has excellent rigidity.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a stress-strain curve.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the 50% deformation compressive stress ⁇ 50 and the 70% of the 5% deformation compressive stress ⁇ 5 in the expanded particle molded bodies of Examples and Comparative Examples, which were calculated based on the stress-strain curves. The ratio ⁇ 70 / ⁇ 5 of deformation compressive stress ⁇ 70 is shown.
- a foamed particle molded article having a small stress ratio ⁇ 70 / ⁇ 5 is suitable for use as, for example, a shock absorber.
- the value of the stress ratio ⁇ 70 / ⁇ 5 is also affected by the density of the compact, so in the comparative examples in Table 1, the density of the compact is approximately the same as that of Examples 1 to 3, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example The value of the stress ratio ⁇ 70 / ⁇ 5 is written only for No. 3 to 4, and “-” is written in the stress ratio ⁇ 70 / ⁇ 5 column for the other comparative examples.
- the expanded particles of Examples 1 to 5 were produced by foaming the resin particles in one step to an apparent density in the specified range using hydrofluoroolefins as a physical blowing agent. . Therefore, the foamed particles of Examples 1 to 5 were able to suppress shrinkage after foaming, although they had low apparent densities. Further, the expanded particles of Examples 1 to 5 have a low minimum molding pressure, can be molded in a wide range of molding pressure from low pressure to high pressure, and have good moldability. Furthermore, since the expanded particles of Examples 1 to 5 have a small coefficient of variation in the minor axis and small variations in particle diameter, by molding these expanded particles in a mold, the stress ratio ⁇ 70 / ⁇ 5 at a predetermined density can be reduced. It is possible to obtain a foamed particle molded article in which the value of is difficult to increase and has excellent energy absorption performance. Among these Examples, the expanded particles of Examples 1 to 4 are superior in moldability.
- foamed particles produced using hydrochlorofluoroolefins as in Examples 1 and 2 have similar apparent densities to those produced using hydrofluoroolefins that do not have chlorine atoms in their molecular structure. It had a wider moldable range compared to the foamed particles of No. 3 and the foamed particles manufactured using carbon dioxide and having a similar apparent density.
- the expanded particles of Comparative Example 1 are produced by foaming resin particles in one step to an apparent density in the above-mentioned specific range using carbon dioxide as a physical blowing agent. As a result, significant shrinkage occurred in the expanded particles immediately after production.
- the foamed particles of Comparative Example 2 used nitrogen as a physical foaming agent, it was not possible to foam the resin particles in one step to an apparent density within the above-mentioned specific range. Furthermore, the expanded particles of Comparative Example 2 had a high minimum molding pressure and had poor moldability.
- the expanded particles of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 were obtained by foaming the resin particles by a direct foaming method using carbon dioxide or nitrogen as a physical foaming agent to obtain single-stage foamed particles, and then applying internal pressure to the single-stage foamed particles. It is produced by a two-stage foaming method in which the single-stage foamed particles are further foamed by heating. Therefore, the expanded particles of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 had a larger coefficient of variation in the short axis than the expanded particles of Examples 1 to 5, and had a larger variation in particle diameter.
- the expanded particle molded bodies formed by in-mold molding of the expanded beads of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 had a larger stress ratio ⁇ 70 / ⁇ 5 and a higher energy Absorption performance was poor. Further, the foamed particles of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 had high minimum molding pressures and had poor moldability, probably because they were heated during the two-stage foaming.
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Abstract
Description
密閉容器内に物理発泡剤を添加する発泡剤添加工程と、
前記密閉容器内において前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子に前記物理発泡剤を含浸させた後、前記密閉容器から前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を前記水性媒体とともに放出し、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を発泡させることにより見掛け密度10kg/m3以上80kg/m3以下のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製する発泡工程と、を含み、
前記物理発泡剤がハイドロフルオロオレフィンを含み、
前記発泡剤添加工程における前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンの添加量が、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子100質量部に対して10質量部以上30質量部以下である、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
[3]前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンが、その分子構造中に塩素原子を有する、[1]または[2]に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
[5]見掛け密度10kg/m3以上50kg/m3以下のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製する、[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
[6]前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の収縮率が5%以下である、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
前記物理発泡剤がハイドロフルオロオレフィンを含み、
前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の見掛け密度が10kg/m3以上80kg/m3以下であり、
前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の短径の平均値が1.0mm以上5.0mm以下であり、かつ、短径の変動係数が10%以下である、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子。
[9]前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンが炭素数3以上5以下の炭素骨格を有する、[7]または[8]に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子。
[11]前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンが、1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン及び1-クロロ-2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンからなる群より選択される1種以上の化合物である、[7]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子。
前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子(以下、「発泡粒子」という。)の製造方法においては、前記特定の物理発泡剤を用いてダイレクト発泡法によりポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子(以下、「樹脂粒子」という。)を発泡させることにより、前記発泡粒子を得ることができる。以下、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法のより詳細な構成を説明する。
前記発泡粒子の製造に用いられるポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子は、ポリオレフィン系樹脂を基材樹脂とする未発泡状態の樹脂粒子である。ポリオレフィン系樹脂とは、オレフィン系モノマーの単独重合体及びオレフィン系モノマーに由来する成分を50モル%以上含有する共重合体をいう。オレフィン系モノマーとしては、たとえばエチレン、プロピレン、ブテン、ペンテン等が挙げられる。
分散工程においては、ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を水性媒体中に分散させて分散液を作製する。樹脂粒子を水性媒体中に分散させる作業は、生産性の観点から発泡剤添加工程や発泡工程において用いる密閉容器内で行うことが好ましい。ただし、発泡剤添加工程や発泡工程において用いる密閉容器とは別の容器内で樹脂粒子を水性媒体中に分散させる作業を行うこともできる。この場合には、例えば、発泡剤添加工程を行う直前に、分散液を密閉容器内に移動させればよい。
発泡剤添加工程においては、密閉容器内にハイドロフルオロオレフィンを含む発泡剤を添加する。発泡剤添加工程を行うタイミングは、発泡工程の前であれば特に限定されることはない。例えば、発泡剤添加工程は、分散工程を行う前に行ってもよいし、分散工程と並行して行ってもよい。また、発泡剤添加工程を分散工程が完了した後に行うこともできる。いずれの場合においても、密閉容器内でポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子とハイドロフルオロオレフィンとが接触することにより、ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子にハイドロフルオロオレフィンを含浸させることができる。
発泡剤添加工程において樹脂粒子への発泡剤の含浸が完了した後、発泡工程を行う。発泡工程では、密閉容器の内容物を密閉容器よりも低圧の環境へ放出する。これにより、樹脂粒子が発泡して気泡構造が形成されるとともに、外気によって冷却されて気泡構造が安定化する。その結果、見掛け密度10kg/m3以上80kg/m3以下の発泡粒子を得ることができる。このようにして得られた発泡粒子は、見掛け密度が低い場合であっても収縮しにくく、優れた成形性を有している。また、発泡工程においては、一段階で前記特定の範囲の見掛け密度となるように樹脂粒子を発泡させるため、発泡粒子の粒子径のばらつきを小さくすることができる。
前記発泡工程が完了した直後におけるポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の収縮率は5%以下であることが好ましく、3%以下であることがより好ましく、1%以下であることがさらに好ましい。収縮率が前記特定の範囲内である発泡粒子は、その後、収縮を回復させることなく型内成形を行う場合にも、密度が低く良好な発泡粒子成形体を容易に得ることができる。また、収縮率が前記特定の範囲内である発泡粒子は、後述する成形工程において、発泡粒子に内圧を付与する際の内圧付与時間が短くなる。したがって、かかる発泡粒子を用いることにより、発泡粒子成形体の生産性をより向上させることができる。なお、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の収縮率の下限は0%である。
収縮率=(M2-M1)/M2×100 ・・・(1)
前記製造方法によれば、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子を得ることができる。ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の基材樹脂はポリオレフィン系樹脂である。発泡粒子を構成するポリオレフィン系樹脂は前述した樹脂粒子を構成するポリオレフィン系樹脂と同一である。そのため、発泡粒子におけるポリオレフィン系樹脂の具体的な構成については、樹脂粒子におけるポリオレフィン系樹脂の説明を適宜参照することができる。
前記発泡粒子の見掛け密度は10kg/m3以上80kg/m3以下である。前述したように、ハイドロフルオロオレフィンを含む物理発泡剤を用いることにより、ダイレクト発泡法により前記特定の範囲の見掛け密度の発泡粒子を製造する場合においても、発泡直後における発泡粒子の収縮を抑制することができる。また、前記発泡粒子は、低圧から高圧までの幅広い成形圧の範囲で良好な成形体を容易に成形することができる。かかる効果をより有益なものとする観点からは、発泡粒子の見掛け密度は10kg/m3以上50kg/m3以下であることが好ましく、15kg/m3以上45kg/m3以下であることがより好ましく、18kg/m3以上30kg/m3以下であることがさらに好ましい。
前記発泡粒子の短径の平均値は1.0mm以上5.0mm以下であり、かつ、短径の変動係数は10%以下である。すなわち、多数の前記発泡粒子からなる発泡粒子群において、前記発泡粒子群を構成する発泡粒子の短径を測定した場合に、これらの発泡粒子の短径を用いて算出される発泡粒子の短径の平均値は1.0mm以上5.0mm以下であり、かつ、短径の変動係数は10%以下である。前述したように、ハイドロフルオロオレフィンを含む物理発泡剤を用いることにより、一段階の発泡で見掛け密度の低い発泡粒子を製造することができる。その結果、見掛け密度が上記範囲内であり、かつ短径の平均値及び変動係数がそれぞれ前記特定の範囲内であるような、粒子径のばらつきが小さい発泡粒子を得ることができる。また、短径の平均値及び変動係数がそれぞれ前記特定の範囲内である発泡粒子を用いて発泡粒子成形体を作製することにより、発泡粒子成形体のエネルギー吸収性能をより容易に向上させることができる。なお、短径の変動係数の下限は概ね1%である。
Tav=Σ(Ti)/n ・・・(2)
Tcv=Tsd/Tav×100 ・・・(3)
Tsd=(Σ(Ti-Tav)2/(n-1))1/2 ・・・(4)
前記発泡粒子の平均気泡径は100μm以上であることが好ましい。平均気泡径が100μm以上である発泡粒子は、気泡の微細化がより抑制されているため、成形性により優れている。同様の観点から、前記発泡粒子の平均気泡径は110μm以上であることがより好ましい。一方、発泡粒子の平均気泡径の上限は、300μmであることが好ましく、250μmであることがより好ましく、200μmであることがさらに好ましい。気泡の微細化をより抑制する観点からは、ポリプロピレン系樹脂として、プロピレン-エチレンランダム共重合体、プロピレン-ブテンランダム共重合体及びプロピレン-エチレン-ブテンランダム共重合体から選択される1種または2種以上のプロピレン系共重合体を用いることが好ましい。
前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子中に含まれるハイドロフルオロオレフィンの含有量は、1質量%以下であることが好ましく、0.5質量%以下であることがより好ましく、0.1質量%以下であることがさらに好ましく、0質量%であることが特に好ましい。このような発泡粒子を用いて型内成形を行うことにより、ポリオレフィン系樹脂の有する特性を活かし、優れた剛性を有する発泡粒子成形体を容易に得ることができる。発泡粒子中のハイドロフルオロオレフィンの含有量は、ヘッドスペース法ガスクロマトグラフ質量分析計を用いて測定することができる。
発泡粒子は、加熱速度10℃/分で23℃から200℃まで加熱した際に得られるDSC曲線に、発泡粒子を構成するポリオレフィン系樹脂固有の融解による吸熱ピークと、この吸熱ピークよりも高温側に位置する1以上の融解ピークとが現れる結晶構造を有することが好ましい。このような結晶構造を備えた発泡粒子は、機械的強度に優れるとともに成形性にも優れている。なお、以下において、前記DSC曲線に現れるポリオレフィン系樹脂固有の融解による吸熱ピークを「樹脂固有ピーク」といい、樹脂固有ピークよりも高温側に現れる融解ピークを「高温ピーク」という。樹脂固有ピークは、発泡粒子を構成するポリオレフィン系樹脂が本来有する結晶が融解する際の吸熱によって生じる。一方、高温ピークは、発泡粒子の製造過程で発泡粒子を構成するポリオレフィン系樹脂中に形成された二次結晶の融解によって生じると推定される。すなわち、DSC曲線に高温ピークが現れた場合、ポリオレフィン系樹脂中に二次結晶が形成されていると推定される。
本例においては、ハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを物理発泡剤として用い、ダイレクト発泡法でポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子を発泡させることによりポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。本例の発泡粒子のより詳細な製造方法は以下の通りである。
ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子は、ストランドカット法により製造した。ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子の製造には、内径50mmの押出機と、押出機の先端に取り付けられたダイとを備えた押出装置を用いた。まず、押出機にポリプロピレン系樹脂と、気泡核剤としてのホウ酸亜鉛とを投入し、押出機内で溶融混練することにより樹脂溶融混練物を形成した。その後、押出機のダイから樹脂溶融混練物を押し出して押出物を得た。この押出物を、水を入れた水槽に通して冷却した後、ペレタイザーを用いて適当な長さに切断することによりポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子を得た。得られたポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子は概ね均一であり、ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子1個当たりの質量は約1.0mgであった。
次に、ポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子1kgを、水性媒体としての水3Lとともに容積5Lの密閉容器内に投入した。次いで、密閉容器内に、樹脂粒子100質量部に対して0.3質量部の分散剤と、0.004質量部の界面活性剤と、0.01質量部の分散助剤とを添加し、樹脂粒子を水性媒体中に分散させた。なお、分散剤としてはカオリンを、界面活性剤としてはドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム(第一工業製薬株式会社製「ネオゲン(登録商標)」)を、分散助剤としては硫酸アルミニウムをそれぞれ使用した。
次に、密閉容器を密閉した状態で、密閉容器内にポリプロピレン系樹脂100質量部に対して表1に示す量のハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを添加した。その後、密閉容器内を攪拌しながら2℃/分の昇温速度で加熱し、容器内の温度を表1に示す発泡温度まで上昇させた。このときの容器内の圧力はゲージ圧において1.5MPa(G)であった。本例において用いたハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンは、具体的にはトランス-1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン(HCFO1233zd)である。表1においては、本例で使用したハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを「HCFO1」と記載した。
密閉容器内の温度が表1に示す発泡温度に到達した後、この温度を15分保持した。これにより、得られる発泡粒子のDSC曲線に後述する高温ピークが現れるよう樹脂粒子の状態を調整した。
高温ピーク形成工程が完了した後、窒素ガスを用いて密閉容器内の圧力を表1に示す値よりも0.5MPa高い値まで上昇させた。この圧力を保ったまま密閉容器を開放し、内容物を大気圧下に放出することにより樹脂粒子を発泡させた。以上により樹脂粒子を発泡させてポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を得た。
本例においては、物理発泡剤として1-クロロ-2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(HCFO1224yd)を用い、発泡温度を表1に示す値に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法によりポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。なお、表1においては、本例において使用したハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを「HCFO2」と記載した。
本例においては、物理発泡剤として、ハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンに替えて分子構造中に塩素を含まないハイドロフルオロオレフィンを用いた。具体的には、トランス-1,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペン(HFO1234ze)を用い、発泡温度を表1に示す値に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法によりポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。なお、表1においては、本例において使用したハイドロフルオロオレフィンを「HFO1」と記載した。
本例においては、ハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンの添加量及び発泡温度を表1に示す値に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法によりポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。
本例においては、ハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを物理発泡剤として用い、ダイレクト発泡法でポリエチレン系樹脂粒子を発泡させることによりポリエチレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。本例の発泡粒子のより詳細な製造方法は以下の通りである。
ポリエチレン系樹脂粒子は、ストランドカット法により製造した。ポリエチレン系樹脂粒子の製造には、内径50mmの押出機と、押出機の先端に取り付けられたダイとを備えた押出装置を用いた。まず、押出機にポリエチレン系樹脂と、気泡核剤としてのホウ酸亜鉛とを投入し、押出機内で溶融混練することにより樹脂溶融混練物を形成した。その後、押出機のダイから樹脂溶融混練物を押し出して押出物を得た。この押出物を、水を入れた水槽に通して冷却した後、ペレタイザーを用いて適当な長さに切断することによりポリエチレン系樹脂粒子を得た。得られたポリエチレン系樹脂粒子は概ね均一であり、ポリエチレン系樹脂粒子1個当たりの質量は約1.5mgであった。
次に、ポリエチレン系樹脂粒子1kgを、水性媒体としての水3Lとともに容積5Lの密閉容器内に投入した。次いで、密閉容器内に、樹脂粒子100質量部に対して0.3質量部の分散剤と、0.006質量部の界面活性剤を添加し、樹脂粒子を水性媒体中に分散させた。なお、分散剤としてはマイカを、界面活性剤としてはドデシルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム(第一工業製薬株式会社製「ネオゲン(登録商標)」)をそれぞれ使用した。
次に、密閉容器を密閉した状態で、密閉容器内にポリエチレン系樹脂100質量部に対して表2に示す量のハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンを添加した。その後、密閉容器内を攪拌しながら2℃/分の昇温速度で加熱し、容器内の温度を表2に示す発泡温度まで上昇させた。このときの容器内の圧力はゲージ圧において1.1MPa(G)であった。本例において用いたハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンは、具体的にはトランス-1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン(HCFO1233zd)である。
密閉容器内の温度が表2に示す発泡温度に到達した後、この温度を15分保持した。これにより、得られる発泡粒子のDSC曲線に後述する高温ピークが現れるよう樹脂粒子の状態を調整した。
高温ピーク形成工程が完了した後、窒素ガスを用いて密閉容器内の圧力を表2に示す値よりも0.5MPa高い値まで上昇させた。この圧力を保ったまま密閉容器を開放し、内容物を大気圧下に放出することにより樹脂粒子を発泡させた。以上により樹脂粒子を発泡させてポリエチレン系樹脂発泡粒子を得た。
本例では、物理発泡剤として二酸化炭素(CO2)を用い、発泡剤添加工程を以下のように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。本例における発泡剤添加工程は、具体的には以下の通りである。
実施例1と同様の方法により密閉容器内の水性媒体にポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子を分散させた後、密閉容器を密閉した状態で、密閉容器内に二酸化炭素を供給して密閉容器内の圧力を1.0MPa(G)まで上昇させた。二酸化炭素の供給が完了した後、密閉容器内を攪拌しながら2℃/分の昇温速度で加熱し、容器内の温度を表1に示す発泡温度から0.5℃低い温度まで上昇させた。次いで、密閉容器内に再び二酸化炭素を供給し、密閉容器内の圧力を表1に示す値まで上昇させた。
本例においては、物理発泡剤として窒素(N2)を使用し、発泡温度を表1に示す温度に変更した以外は比較例1と同様の方法によりポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。
本例においては、二段発泡法によりポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。より具体的には、まず、物理発泡剤として二酸化炭素を用い、発泡温度及び容器内圧力を表1に示す値に変更した以外は比較例1と同様の方法によりポリプロピレン系樹脂粒子を発泡させ、一段発泡粒子を得た。この一段発泡粒子の見掛け密度は81kg/m3であった。
本例においては、物理発泡剤として窒素を使用し、発泡温度及び平衡圧力を表1に示す値に変更した以外は比較例3と同様の二段発泡法によりポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。
本例においては、ハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンの添加量及び発泡温度を表1に示す値に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法によりポリプロピレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。
本例では、物理発泡剤として二酸化炭素(CO2)を用い、製造条件を表2に示すように変更し、二段発泡法を採用した以外は、実施例6と同様の方法によりポリエチレン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製した。
本例においては、ポリプロピレン系樹脂としてプロピレン単独重合体(ホモポリプロピレン)を用いた。JIS K7121:1987に基づいて測定したプロピレン単独重合体の融点は163℃である。また、JIS K7171:2008に基づき測定されたプロピレン単独重合体の曲げ弾性率は1350MPaである。また、JIS K7210-1:2014に準拠し、温度230℃、荷重2.16kgの条件で測定したプロピレン単独重合体のメルトマスフローレイトは9g/10分である。また、プロピレン単独重合体の密度は900kg/m3である。表2においては、本例で使用したプロピレン単独重合体を「hPP」と記載した。また、本例の製造方法におけるハイドロクロロフルオロオレフィンの添加量、発泡温度及び容器内圧力は表2に示す通りとした。
発泡粒子を相対湿度50%、温度23℃、気圧1atmの環境下で24時間以上静置し、発泡粒子の状態を調節した。状態調節を行った後の発泡粒子1~3mgを用い、JIS K7121:1987に準拠して示差走査熱量測定を行うことによりDSC曲線を取得した。なお、DSCにおける測定開始温度は23℃、測定終了温度は200℃、加熱速度は10℃/分とした。また、測定装置としては日立ハイテクサイエンス社製の熱流束示差走査熱量測定装置「DSC7020」を使用した。前述した方法により得られたDSC曲線における高温ピークの面積を算出し、この値に基づいて高温ピーク熱量を算出した。表1及び表2に、実施例及び比較例における発泡粒子の高温ピーク熱量を示す。
発泡粒子を相対湿度50%、温度23℃、気圧1atmの環境下で24時間以上静置し、発泡粒子の状態を調節した。状態調節後の発泡粒子群の質量を測定した後、温度23℃のエタノールが入ったメスシリンダー内に金網を使用して沈めた。そして、金網の体積を考慮し、水位上昇分より読みとられる発泡粒子群の容積を測定した。このようにして得られた発泡粒子群の質量(単位:g)を容積(単位:L)で除した後、単位を換算することにより、発泡粒子の見掛け密度(単位:kg/m3)を算出した。表1及び表2に、実施例及び比較例における発泡粒子の見掛け密度を示す。
発泡粒子を相対湿度50%、温度23℃、気圧1atmの環境下で24時間以上静置し、発泡粒子の状態を調節した。状態調節後の発泡粒子をメスシリンダー内に自然に堆積するようにして充填し、メスシリンダーの目盛から発泡粒子群の嵩体積(単位:L)を読み取った。その後、メスシリンダー内の発泡粒子群の質量(単位:g)を前述した嵩体積で除し、さらに単位換算することにより、発泡粒子の嵩密度(単位:kg/m3)を算出した。また、発泡粒子を構成する樹脂の密度を発泡粒子の嵩密度で除することにより、発泡粒子の嵩倍率を算出した。表1及び表2に、実施例及び比較例における発泡粒子の嵩密度及び嵩倍率を示す。
発泡粒子の独立気泡率は、ASTM-D2856-70手順Cに基づき空気比較式比重計を用いて測定した。具体的には、次のようにして求めた。状態調節後の嵩体積約20cm3の発泡粒子を測定用サンプルとし、下記の通りエタノール没法により正確に見掛けの体積Vaを測定した。見掛けの体積Vaを測定した測定用サンプルを十分に乾燥させた後、ASTM-D2856-70に記載されている手順Cに準じ、空気比較式比重計(東京サイエンス株式会社製「Beckman Model1000 Air Comparison Pycnometer」)により測定される測定用サンプルの真の体積の値Vxを測定した。そして、これらの体積の値Va及びVxを用い、下記の式(5)に基づいて測定用サンプルの独立気泡率を計算した。以上の操作を測定用サンプルを変更して5回行い、5つの測定用サンプルにおける独立気泡率の算術平均値(N=5)を発泡粒子の独立気泡率とした。
ただし、上記式(5)における記号の意味は以下の通りである。
Vx:上記方法で測定される発泡粒子の真の体積、即ち、発泡粒子を構成する樹脂の容積と、発泡粒子内の独立気泡部分の気泡全容積との和(単位:cm3)
Va:発泡粒子を、エタノールの入ったメスシリンダーに沈めた際の水位上昇分から測定される発泡粒子の見掛けの体積(単位:cm3)
W:測定用サンプルの質量(単位:g)
ρ:発泡粒子を構成する樹脂の密度(単位:g/cm3)
まず、発泡粒子を概ね2等分となるように切断した。次に、露出した切断面が視野内に全て納まるように拡大写真を取得した。得られた拡大写真上に、発泡粒子の最表面から中央部を通って反対側の最表面に至る線分を、隣り合う線分のなす角が等しくなるようにして(つまり、隣り合う線分のなす角度が45°になるようにして)4本引いた。このようにして得られた4本の線分の合計長さを線分と交差する気泡の総数で除することにより、個々の発泡粒子の気泡径を算出した。
実施例および比較例の発泡粒子群のそれぞれから無作為に1000個の発泡粒子を取り出し、投影像撮影式粒度分布測定装置(MicrotracBEL社製「PartAn3D」)を用いて個々の発泡粒子の短径を測定した。このようにして得られた発泡粒子の短径を用い、下記式(2)~(4)に基づいて発泡粒子の短径の平均値Tav(単位:mm)、標準偏差Tsd(単位:mm)及び変動係数Tcv(単位:%)を算出した。
Tav=Σ(Ti)/n ・・・(2)
Tcv=Tsd/Tav×100 ・・・(3)
Tsd=(Σ(Ti-Tav)2/(n-1))1/2 ・・・(4)
製造直後の発泡粒子を温度60℃の雰囲気中で1時間乾燥させた後、発泡粒子の嵩倍率M1を測定した。次に、発泡粒子を耐圧容器内に入れ、耐圧容器内に無機ガスを注入して容器内を0.3MPaまで加圧した。この圧力を12時間保持することにより発泡粒子に無機ガスを含浸させ、発泡粒子の気泡内の圧力を高めることにより内圧を付与した。内圧が付与された発泡粒子を耐圧容器から取り出した後、大気圧下で12時間放置することにより、発泡粒子の収縮を回復させた。このようにして収縮を回復させた発泡粒子の嵩倍率M2を測定した。
収縮率=(M2-M1)/M2×100 ・・・(1)
成形下限圧力及び成形可能範囲の評価においては、本加熱時の成形圧を0.08~0.38MPa(G)の間で0.01MPaずつ変化させて型内成形を行うことにより発泡粒子成形体を作製し、得られた成形体の表面性、融着性及び回復性に基づいて成形下限圧力及び成形可能範囲を決定した。
発泡粒子成形体の厚み方向における一方のスキン面の中央部に100mm×100mmの正方形を描き、次いでこの正方形のいずれか1の角から対角線を引いた。そして、対角線上に存在するボイド、つまり、発泡粒子同士の間に形成される隙間のうち、1mm×1mm以上の大きさを有するボイドの数を数えた。そして、ボイドの数が2個以下の場合に合格と判断し、3個以上である場合に不合格と判断した。
発泡粒子成形体を長手方向に概ね等分となるように破断させた。破断面に露出した発泡粒子のうち無作為に選択した100個以上の発泡粒子を目視により観察し、粒子内部で破断した発泡粒子(つまり、材料破壊した発泡粒子)であるか、発泡粒子同士の界面で破断した発泡粒子であるかを判別した。そして、観察した発泡粒子の総数に対する粒子内部で破断した発泡粒子の数の比率を百分率で表した値(つまり、材料破壊率)を算出し、この値を融着率とした。そして、融着率が90%以上である場合を合格と判断し、90%未満である場合を不合格と判断した。
発泡粒子成形体を厚み方向から見た平面視において、各頂点より中心方向に10mm内側となる4か所の位置における発泡粒子成形体の厚みと、中央部における発泡粒子成形体の厚みとをそれぞれ計測した。次いで、計測した箇所のうち最も厚みの厚い箇所の厚みに対する最も厚みの薄い箇所の厚みの比(単位:%)を算出した。このようにして得られた厚みの比が95%以上である場合に合格と判断し、95%未満である場合に不合格と判断した。
製造直後から常温(具体的には23℃)、常圧(具体的には1atm)下にて3日間静置した約0.5mgの発泡粒子をバイアル瓶に入れた。このバイアル瓶を170℃に加熱することにより、発泡粒子中のハイドロフルオロオレフィンを気化させた。そして、バイアル瓶内のハイドロフルオロオレフィンを含む気体をガスクロマトグラフ質量分析計(島津製作所社製GCMS-QP2010)に導入し、質量分析を行うことにより発泡粒子中のハイドロフルオロオレフィンの含有量を求めた。なお、測定に際しては、予め既知の量のハイドロフルオロオレフィンを含む試料を用いて作製した検量線を使用した。また、カラムとしてVARIAN社製CP-PoraPLOT.Qを使用した。表1及び表2の「HFOの含有量」欄に、実施例及び比較例における発泡粒子中のハイドロフルオロオレフィンの含有量を示す。
前述した成形下限圧力での型内成形により得られた発泡粒子成形体の質量(単位:g)を当該成形体の外形寸法から求められる体積(単位:L)で除した後、単位換算することにより成形体密度(単位:kg/m3)を算出した。表1及び表2に実施例及び比較例の発泡粒子成形体の成形体密度を示す。
成形下限圧力での型内成形により得られた発泡粒子成形体の中心部から、スキン面、つまり、型内成形時に成形型の内表面と接触していた表面が含まれないようにして、縦50mm、横50mm、厚み25mmの直方体状の試験片を採取した。JIS K6767:1999に規定された方法に基づいて試験片の圧縮試験を行い、応力-ひずみ曲線を取得した。そして、応力-ひずみ曲線に基づいて、試験片(つまり、発泡粒子成形体)の5%変形圧縮応力σ5(単位:kPa)、50%変形圧縮応力σ50(単位:kPa)及び70%変形圧縮応力σ70(単位:kPa)を算出した。なお、圧縮試験は23℃の実験室において行い、圧縮速度は10mm/分とした。圧縮応力は、成形体の剛性の指標であり、たとえば50%変形圧縮応力σ50が高い成形体は剛性に優れている。
Claims (11)
- ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を水性媒体中に分散させる分散工程と、
密閉容器内に物理発泡剤を添加する発泡剤添加工程と、
前記密閉容器内において前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子に前記物理発泡剤を含浸させた後、前記密閉容器から前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を前記水性媒体とともに放出し、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を発泡させることにより見掛け密度10kg/m3以上80kg/m3以下のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製する発泡工程と、を含み、
前記物理発泡剤がハイドロフルオロオレフィンを含み、
前記発泡剤添加工程における前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンの添加量が、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子100質量部に対して10質量部以上30質量部以下である、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。 - 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンが炭素数3以上5以下の炭素骨格を有する、請求項1に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンが、その分子構造中に塩素原子を有する、請求項1または2に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンが、1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン及び1-クロロ-2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンからなる群より選択される1種以上の化合物である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
- 見掛け密度10kg/m3以上50kg/m3以下のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子を作製する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
- 前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の収縮率が5%以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の製造方法。
- 物理発泡剤を用いてポリオレフィン系樹脂粒子を発泡させてなるポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子であって、
前記物理発泡剤がハイドロフルオロオレフィンを含み、
前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の見掛け密度が10kg/m3以上80kg/m3以下であり、
前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子の短径の平均値が1.0mm以上5.0mm以下であり、かつ、短径の変動係数が10%以下である、ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子。 - 前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子中に含まれる前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンの含有量が1質量%以下(0質量%を含む)である、請求項7に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンが炭素数3以上5以下の炭素骨格を有する、請求項7または8に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンが、その分子構造中に塩素原子を有する、請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子。
- 前記ハイドロフルオロオレフィンが、1-クロロ-3,3,3-トリフルオロプロペン及び1-クロロ-2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンからなる群より選択される1種以上の化合物である、請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載のポリオレフィン系樹脂発泡粒子。
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| EP4506400A4 (en) | 2025-09-10 |
| EP4506400B1 (en) | 2026-02-25 |
| JP2023177104A (ja) | 2023-12-13 |
| EP4506400A1 (en) | 2025-02-12 |
| US20260071040A1 (en) | 2026-03-12 |
| CN118843655A (zh) | 2024-10-25 |
| JP7805869B2 (ja) | 2026-01-26 |
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