WO2023236780A1 - 信息传输方法、通信节点及存储介质 - Google Patents

信息传输方法、通信节点及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023236780A1
WO2023236780A1 PCT/CN2023/096168 CN2023096168W WO2023236780A1 WO 2023236780 A1 WO2023236780 A1 WO 2023236780A1 CN 2023096168 W CN2023096168 W CN 2023096168W WO 2023236780 A1 WO2023236780 A1 WO 2023236780A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
communication node
location information
data packet
transmission
timing advance
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PCT/CN2023/096168
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁志锋
马一华
郁光辉
胡留军
夏树强
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to EP23818945.0A priority Critical patent/EP4529286A4/en
Priority to US18/872,112 priority patent/US20250267622A1/en
Publication of WO2023236780A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023236780A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H04W64/003—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management locating network equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signalling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
    • H04L5/0094—Indication of how sub-channels of the path are allocated
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/004—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H04W56/0045—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay compensating for timing error by altering transmission time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/40—Connection management for selective distribution or broadcast

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communication technology, such as information transmission methods, communication nodes and storage media.
  • Integration of sensing and communication refers to the integration of communication and sensing functions, so that future communication systems have both communication and sensing functions. Future wireless communication systems have requirements for ISAC.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • mMTC massive machine type communication
  • This application provides information transmission methods, communication nodes and storage media.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an information transmission method, applied to the first communication node, including:
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides an information transmission method, applied to the second communication node, including:
  • Determine transmission resources indicate the location of the transmission resources to the first communication node through target signaling, and the transmission resources are used by the first communication node to transmit data packets that at least include location information and timing advance.
  • the embodiment of this application also provides a communication node, including:
  • One or more processors a storage device for storing one or more programs; when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the above Information transmission method.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a storage medium.
  • a computer program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, the above information transmission method is implemented.
  • Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of an implementation of obtaining terminal location information according to an embodiment
  • Figure 1B is a schematic diagram of an implementation of monitoring weather condition information provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 1C is a schematic diagram of an implementation of monitoring sand and dust information provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart of another information transmission method provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of transmitting data packets based on a pilot scheme according to an embodiment
  • Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of the implementation of a pilot scheme provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of the implementation of another pilot scheme provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of an implementation of pilot-based transmission of data packets according to an embodiment
  • Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of another implementation of pilot-based transmission of data packets according to an embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of another pilot scheme provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of another pilot scheme provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 9A is a schematic diagram of the implementation of another pilot scheme provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 9B is a schematic diagram of the implementation of another pilot scheme provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 10A is a schematic diagram of an implementation of defining physical resource blocks according to an embodiment
  • Figure 10B is a schematic diagram of an implementation of defining a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment
  • Figure 10C is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment
  • Figure 11A is a schematic diagram of an implementation of using an OCC code to define a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment
  • Figure 11B is a schematic diagram of another implementation of using OCC codes to define demodulation reference signals according to an embodiment
  • Figure 11C is a schematic diagram of the implementation of another demodulation reference signal using OCC code according to an embodiment
  • Figure 12A is a schematic diagram of an implementation based on PRB transmission provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 12B is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment
  • Figure 12C is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment
  • Figure 12D is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment
  • Figure 13A is a schematic diagram of a BPSK symbol provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 13B is a schematic diagram of another BPSK symbol provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 13C is a schematic diagram of another BPSK symbol provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 14A is a schematic diagram of an implementation of defining a reference signal according to an embodiment
  • Figure 14B is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a reference signal provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 15A is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a reference signal provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 15B is a schematic diagram of an implementation of generating a DMRS port according to an embodiment
  • Figure 16A is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a reference signal provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 16B is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a reference signal provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of an information transmission device according to an embodiment
  • Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another information transmission device provided by an embodiment
  • Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a communication node provided by an embodiment.
  • the future wireless communication system may include the following three requirements:
  • the need for integration of communication and perception for example: using communication signals to build a high-precision three-dimensional environmental map; using communication signals to detect rainfall, sand dust, chemical gas concentrations, etc.; using communication signals to detect road conditions; using communication signals to achieve security Function.
  • the need to improve the performance of the communication system itself for example, the system can achieve easier and more accurate multi-user pairing and scheduling, beam forming, base station energy saving, etc.
  • the system can obtain the location information of a large number of terminals (i.e. UE), and at the same time it can know the channel information experienced by the wireless signals transmitted by these terminals (that is, it knows the channels experienced by the electromagnetic waves emitted by these locations to reach the base station), then This information (i.e., the above-mentioned location information and channel information) can be used to do many things, such as:
  • Future wireless communication systems also have the need to better support IoT/mMTC. If the system can obtain the location information of a large number of terminals, it can provide better IoT services, such as asset tracking, logistics management, child/elderly/pet protection Lost service etc.
  • FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an implementation of obtaining terminal location information according to an embodiment.
  • 1 represents a base station
  • 2 represents a building
  • 3 represents a terminal.
  • the base station 1 can obtain the location information of a large number of terminals 3 in different locations (such as location 1, location 2,..., location K), and at the same time can
  • the channel information (such as channel 1, channel 2,..., channel K) experienced by the wireless signals transmitted by these terminals 3 is obtained.
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of an implementation of monitoring weather condition information provided by an embodiment. As shown in Figure 1B, 4 represents rain and snow; the corresponding rain and snow weather conditions can be sensed through the location information of terminal 3.
  • FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram of an implementation of monitoring sand and dust information provided by an embodiment. As shown in Figure 1C, 5 represents sand and dust; the corresponding sand and dust situation can be sensed through the location information of terminal 3.
  • relevant uplink information transmission or uplink data transmission first requires the terminal (ie UE) to be in a connected state.
  • the connected state can also be called a radio resource control (Radio Resource Control, RRC) connected state.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the terminal in the connected state usually does not have dedicated uplink transmission resources. Therefore, the terminal in the connected state needs to apply for uplink transmission resources from the base station each time before transmitting data. After obtaining the uplink resource authorization (Grant) from the base station, it can transmit data at the base station. On the specified time and frequency resources transmit information. It can be seen that in order for the terminal to complete a relevant uplink data transmission, it needs to complete many operations in advance. If the terminal is required to use the relevant uplink data transmission mechanism to transmit location information, it will undoubtedly increase the power consumption of the terminal transmitting location information and also increase the signaling overhead of the system. analyse as below:
  • the terminal transmits location information very rarely: it usually only transmits location information once every few seconds, tens of seconds, or even minutes. Then when there is no need to transmit location information and there are no other services, the terminal will usually be in the idle state (Idle state) or inactive state (Inactive state) of deep sleep in order to save power. That is, in order to save power, the terminal will usually not enter Connected (that is, not connected). Because the terminal accesses the connected state or maintains the connected state, some operations are required, which will increase the power consumption of the terminal. However, the terminal in the non-connected state, that is, the idle state or the inactive state, does not need these operations, so it can save electricity.
  • the terminal when the terminal does not need to transmit location information and does not have other services, it is usually not connected to the system (that is, disconnected), that is, it is in a non-connected state (Non Connected state, or Non RRC Connected state, or Connectionless state, or Connection-free state, or Disconnected state, etc. can all represent a connection-free state).
  • a non-connected state Non Connected state, or Non RRC Connected state, or Connectionless state, or Connection-free state, or Disconnected state, etc.
  • the idle state (Idle state) or the inactive state (Inactive state) can be considered to be equivalent to the unconnected state, or the idle state (Idle state) or the inactive state (Inactive state) can also be considered to be A connectionless state.
  • the terminal When the terminal is originally in a connectionless state (that is, it has not entered the connected state, or has not established a connection with the system), if the relevant uplink data transmission scheme is used, in order to transmit location information, the terminal must establish a connection with the system before transmission; After entering the connected state (also called active state), the terminal can apply for uplink transmission resources from the system (such as a base station or access point); it cannot transmit real location information until it obtains resource authorization or resource scheduling from the system. .
  • the system such as a base station or access point
  • the terminal needs a random access process to enter the connected state from the connectionless state; this random access process requires the terminal and the base station to conduct multiple interaction processes: the terminal sends a preamble (Preamble), and the base station makes a random access response (Radom Access Response, RAR) ), the terminal sends Layer 2 (Layer2, L2) or Layer 3 (Layer3, L3) control information, and the base station sends Message 4 (Message4), which will undoubtedly greatly increase the power consumption of each location information transmission by the terminal.
  • Preamble preamble
  • RAR Random Access Response
  • Layer 2 Layer2, L2
  • Layer 3 Layer3, L3
  • the above-mentioned related uplink data transmission scheme is used, if there are a large number of terminals that need to transmit location information, and a large number of terminals need to enter the connected state before transmitting location information, a large number of terminals will perform a random access process and then apply for uplink resource authorization. .
  • a large number of terminals means that the random access process itself will have a high probability of collision or blocking, resulting in many terminals requiring multiple access attempts to succeed.
  • the final result is that the energy and information consumed by the terminals in order to complete the task of transmitting location information. order to increase. It can be seen that the above-mentioned related uplink data transmission solutions are not suitable for the application scenario where a large number of terminals transmit location information.
  • another method for related uplink data transmission may be semi-persistent scheduling.
  • SPS Semi-Persistent Scheduling
  • VoIP Internet telephony
  • the data rate of VoIP during continuous calls (Talk Spurt) is basically constant, and one voice packet is generated every 20 milliseconds (ms).
  • the average duration of each continuous call is 1-2s, including 50-100 voice packets.
  • the small-scale fading during this period is compensated by closed-loop power control to ensure the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the receiving side signal. Basically constant.
  • MCS modulation and coding scheme
  • SPS can be seen as an enhanced form of semi-static configuration, mainly used for periodic small packet services with constant packet size. SPS generally works in the connected state (RRC Connected), that is, the terminal has completed the initial access process. Although the frequency of scheduling is much lower than the frequency of data packet arrival, it is basically non-competitive, and resource collisions will not occur between different users, such as reference signal/pilot collisions.
  • the evolved SPS can be used in ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) scenarios to ensure high reliability on the one hand and In terms of reducing user plane latency.
  • the SPS at this time can also be called a configured grant (Configured Grant), that is, a preconfigured resource grant.
  • Configured Grant is also counted as a special authorization-free or scheduling-free method, because it can eliminate the need for "dynamic authorization application” or “dynamic scheduling application” for each data transmission, so it is essentially “dynamic authorization-free”. Or “dynamic scheduling free”.
  • preconfigured scheduling-free methods such as SPS or Configured Grant can reduce the cost of physical control signaling for uplink transmission
  • SPS method is used to report location information of a large number of users, the spectrum efficiency of the system will still be very low. This is because: if the terminal applies for periodic transmission resources in a cell for a period of time, but a handover occurs during the process, the terminal needs to apply for a new preconfigured transmission resource from the entering cell. Tell the leaving cell to release its own preconfigured resources. It is a complicated process for the terminal to re-apply for transmission resources from the newly entered cell. It usually also requires a random access process in the newly entered cell, which will increase the terminal's power consumption and the system's signaling overhead.
  • the terminal In the scenario of transmitting location information, in order to save power, the terminal does not transmit location information too frequently, that is, it only sends it once every long time. Therefore, in order to improve efficiency, the interval between preconfigured resources is usually longer, which means that the adverse effects caused by handover will increase, which will reduce the spectrum efficiency of the system and increase the complexity of the system. Even if different terminals or nodes are fixed, the surrounding environment of the terminal or node is easy to change over a long period of time, which will also affect handover, especially in Terminals or nodes at the edge of the community.
  • the SPS preconfiguration mechanism can also realize authorization-free transmission or scheduling-free transmission, it is not suitable for the application scenario in which a large number of terminals transmit location information.
  • an important feature of uplink transmission is that the time for signals transmitted by different terminals to arrive at the base station is basically Aligned, or synchronized.
  • the base station requires that the time at which signals from different UEs arrive at the base station is within the range of the Cyclic Prefix (CP) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.
  • CP Cyclic Prefix
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the base station can require that the delays of signals from different UEs arriving at the base station are within the CP range of OFDM symbols, which requires different terminals to have different lead times for their transmitted signals. Therefore, in this application, the wireless communication system may adopt an Uplink Timing Advance (UTA) mechanism.
  • UTA Uplink Timing Advance
  • the relevant uplink timing advance mechanism is as follows:
  • the terminal first sends a signal; b) The base station estimates its transmission delay through this signal, and then estimates a timing advance (Timing Advance, TA) amount, which is the TA amount; c) Then the base station passes the TA amount through a signal This signaling is usually called a Timing Advance Command (TAC); d) When the terminal finally transmits a data packet to the base station, it will determine the sending time of the signal corresponding to the data packet based on this TA amount. In other words, the terminal will advance the signal transmission time according to this TA value, that is, the advance amount is equal to the TA value indicated by the base station; in this way, the signal can reach the base station without delay after transmission delay.
  • Timing Advance Timing Advance
  • TAC Timing Advance Command
  • the terminal in order to obtain the timing advance amount for signal transmission, the terminal needs to go through a series of interactive processes.
  • the terminal does not send any signal before transmission, so the base station cannot determine the corresponding timing advance by measuring the signal sent by the terminal, and therefore cannot send a timing advance command to the terminal.
  • the terminal transmitting in the non-connected state has no way to obtain the timing advance. Therefore, the transmission of the terminal data packet has a large transmission delay, which will greatly increase the difficulty of demodulation of the base station. This is because The base station needs to estimate the different transmission delays of different terminal signals before making correct compensation and then demodulating and decoding the signal.
  • this application proposes an information transmission method that can generate and transmit a specific signal (that is, a data packet that at least includes location information and timing advance in the connectionless state) through the terminal to determine the transmission delay of the signal to reduce the connectionless state.
  • a specific signal that is, a data packet that at least includes location information and timing advance in the connectionless state
  • this application directly sends data packets that at least include location information and timing advance, which can reduce the energy consumption caused by repeated interactions between the first communication node and the second communication node to determine the transmission resources and TA amount, and greatly alleviate the terminal emission
  • the power consumption problem caused by location information on the premise of reducing energy consumption, can enable the second communication node to obtain more data packets transmitted by the first communication node that at least include location information and timing advance, satisfying the above ISAC and IoT/mMTC needs to reduce users’ concerns about power consumption caused by transmitting location information; ultimately, the function of “transmitting one’s own location information” can become a required function of the terminal, or it can become an
  • Figure 2 is a flow chart of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment. As shown in Figure 2, the method provided by this embodiment can be applied to the first communication node (such as UE), including S110 and S120.
  • the first communication node such as UE
  • the first communication node can be considered as a terminal device (ie, UE).
  • Location information can be understood as information characterizing the current location of the first communication node (such as usually a geographical location).
  • the first communication node can obtain its current location information.
  • the first communication node can obtain the location information of the current location through its own positioning module, etc.; it can also be that the first communication node obtains the location information from other places.
  • the base station Upon receipt, the base station transmits the calculated location information of the first communication node to the first communication node, and the first communication node receives this location information.
  • This embodiment does not limit how to obtain the timing advance of signal transmission by the first communication node.
  • the first communication node may independently determine the timing advance of signal transmission, or the first communication node may determine the timing advance of its own signal transmission based on relevant information contained in the signal broadcast by the second communication node.
  • a data packet can be understood as a data unit used to transmit data during communication, and the data packet contains data to be transmitted.
  • the TA amount (i.e. timing advance amount) is determined independently by the terminal, even if the base station decomposes the terminal's signal After the decoding is correct, even if the data packet transmitted by the terminal is decoded, the timing advance made by the terminal for signal transmission cannot be known. In this way, the transmission delay experienced by the terminal signal transmission cannot be known, and the terminal signal cannot be passed. To realize the perception of transmission environment. Therefore, the first communication node (ie, the terminal) can transmit a data packet including at least location information and timing advance to the second communication node (ie, the base station). In this way, the base station can demodulate and decode a terminal's data packet correctly, and then obtain the timing advance for the terminal to send its signal in advance.
  • the first communication node ie, the terminal
  • the base station can demodulate and decode a terminal's data packet correctly, and then obtain the timing advance for the terminal to send its signal in advance.
  • the base station can estimate the multipath channel based on the received terminal signal, so that the base station can combine the timing advance of the terminal signal transmission with the multipath channel experienced by the terminal to obtain all the paths for the wireless signals sent by the terminal to reach the base station. Based on the real transmission delay of these paths, the signal transmission distance can be calculated based on the transmission delay of these paths, thereby realizing the perception of the transmission environment.
  • the sending time of transmitting the data packet to the second communication node may be determined based on the timing advance. There is no limit here on how to determine the sending time based on the timing advance.
  • the data packet containing the location information may also include identity-related information corresponding to the first communication node, or may not include identity-related information corresponding to the first communication node.
  • the identity-related information may be understood as characterizing the first communication node.
  • the identity-related information can uniquely identify the first communication node and can be considered as the label of the first communication node.
  • the first communication node may include at least the location in the connectionless state.
  • the packet of information is transmitted to the second communication node.
  • the connectionless state can be considered as the above-mentioned connectionless state, and the connectionless state can also be called an idle state or an inactive state.
  • the first communication node To transmit the location information of the first communication node in a connectionless state, the first communication node does not need to establish a connection with the second communication node in advance, nor does it need to request the second communication node to allocate data to the first communication node for uplink transmission.
  • the dedicated resources of the first communication node avoid the power consumption of establishing a connection; and after the location information transmission is completed, since the transmission is in a connectionless state, the first communication node does not need to perform the corresponding connection release operation at this time, and avoids Increased power consumption.
  • the first communication node also puts the autonomously determined timing advance into the transmission data packet, which enables the base station to correctly demodulate and decode the data packet of a terminal and obtain the transmitted data packet.
  • the base station can estimate the multipath channel based on the received terminal signal, so that the base station can combine the timing advance of the terminal signal transmission with the multipath channel experienced by the terminal to obtain all the paths for the wireless signals sent by the terminal to reach the base station. Based on the real transmission delay of these paths, the transmission distance of the signal can be calculated based on the transmission delay of these paths, thereby realizing the perception of the transmission environment.
  • the timing advance amount for the terminal to send the signal in advance may be a numerical value, and the timing advance amount may be represented by one or more bits.
  • the period from 0 to the maximum timing advance (such as TAmax) can be divided into 2 ⁇ D (that is, 2 to the D power) parts, so that a timing advance between them can be represented by D bits.
  • the timing advance determined independently by the terminal can be one of 2 ⁇ D values.
  • the terminal can send the signal in advance according to the determined timing advance, and can put the D bits corresponding to the timing advance into the data packet, code and modulate them together, and then transmit them to the base station. In this way, after the base station correctly demodulates and decodes the data packet of a terminal, it can obtain the timing advance determined by the terminal for sending its signal in advance through the D bits corresponding to the timing advance.
  • the timing advance of signal transmission by the first communication node is determined based on the broadcast signal of the second communication node.
  • the terminal i.e., the first communication node
  • the terminal can determine the timing advance of signal transmission by the terminal through the signal broadcast by the base station (i.e., the second communication node).
  • the base station can broadcast the location information corresponding to the base station, and then the terminal can calculate the distance between the base station and its own location information based on the location information of the base station, and then determine the transmission delay of the terminal signal based on the distance between the two. (i.e., transmission delay), thereby determining the timing advance required by the terminal to transmit the signal.
  • the broadcast signal of the second communication node includes a downlink synchronization signal or a downlink reference signal.
  • the broadcast signal of the second communication node may include a downlink synchronization signal or a downlink reference signal.
  • the base station broadcasts a downlink synchronization signal or a downlink reference signal
  • the terminal can calculate the strength of the downlink synchronization signal or downlink reference signal, and estimate a TA amount based on the strength of the signal.
  • the terminal independently determines the TA amount (that is, the TA amount estimated by the terminal based on the strength of the downlink synchronization signal or downlink reference signal), it can transmit the transmission signal in advance according to the TA amount. That is to say, the advance amount of the terminal signal transmitted in advance is equal to The amount of TA determined by it independently.
  • the broadcast signal of the second communication node includes location information of the second communication node.
  • the broadcast signal of the second communication node may include location information of the second communication node.
  • the base station can broadcast the location information corresponding to the base station, and then the terminal can calculate the distance between the two based on the location information of the base station and its own location information, and then determine the distance based on the distance between the two.
  • the transmission delay of the terminal signal determines the timing advance required for the terminal to transmit the signal.
  • transmitting the data packet containing at least the location information and the timing advance to the second communication node includes: transmitting the data packet at least containing the location information and the timing advance on a predefined public channel. transmitted to the second communication node.
  • the first communication node may directly transmit a data packet including at least location information and timing advance to the second communication node on a predefined public channel.
  • the predefined common channel can be considered to be predefined by the wireless communication system and does not require dedicated or terminal-specific (ie, UE-specific) signaling for notification.
  • the method further includes: obtaining target signaling; determining transmission resources configured or defined by the second communication node based on the target signaling, and the transmission resources are used by the first communication node to transmit at least location information and timing advance. data pack.
  • target signaling can be understood as signaling used to configure or define the location of transmission resources, where the transmission resources can be understood as being used for the first communication node (such as the first communication node in a connectionless state). ) transmits a common time-frequency resource for data packets that at least include location information and timing advance, which means that the transmission resource may include multiple time-frequency resources.
  • the transmission resource may be a public resource defined or configured by the second communication node, and the target signaling may be a broadcast signaling defined by the second communication node to indicate the location of the transmission resource.
  • the first communication node can obtain the target signaling transmitted by the second communication node, and determine the transmission resources configured or defined by the second communication node based on the target signaling.
  • transmitting a data packet containing at least location information to the second communication node includes: selecting a time-frequency resource among transmission resources; transmitting a data packet containing at least location information and timing advance on the time-frequency resource. to the second communication node.
  • the first communication node selects a time-frequency resource among the transmission resources to transmit a data packet including at least location information and timing advance to the corresponding second communication node on the time-frequency resource.
  • the first communication node selects time-frequency resources among transmission resources.
  • the first communication node may designate a time-frequency resource from the transmission resources according to actual needs for the transmission of location information and timing advance.
  • transmitting a data packet containing at least location information and timing advance to the second communication node includes: determining W pilots; transmitting the data packet and the W pilots together to the second communication node; W Greater than 1.
  • wireless communication usually requires inserting a pilot into a transmission signal or transmitted data packet, so that the receiver (i.e., the second communication node) can first estimate the transmission signal or data through the pilot.
  • the channel and time-frequency offset experienced by the packet are used to demodulate the data symbols in the data packet.
  • the pilot contained in the transmission signal or transmission data packet can also be called the pilot signal, or the reference signal (RS), or the demodulation reference signal (Demodulation Reference Signal, DMRS); formally, the pilot signal It is usually a sequence or a series of symbols, so the pilot can also be called a pilot sequence.
  • the first communication node can first determine W pilots (W is greater than 1, which can be understood as first determining at least two pilots. ), on this basis, the data packet including at least the location information and timing advance can be transmitted to the corresponding second communication node together with the W pilots.
  • the pilot is not limited here, for example, it can be an extremely sparse pilot.
  • the position of the pilot can be included in the data packet (for example, it can be in the middle of the data packet), or it can be outside the data packet (for example, it can be in front or behind the data packet). , which is not limited here.
  • This embodiment does not limit how to determine the W pilots.
  • they may be pilots independently selected by the first communication node or pilots generated independently.
  • the first communication node transmits a data packet including at least the location information and timing advance of the first communication node to the second communication node.
  • the first communication node since the first communication node has not entered the connected state when transmitting, it cannot obtain the pilot designated by the second communication node (such as a base station or access point), so the pilot used when transmitting data packets It may be independently selected or generated by the first communication node. Selecting a pilot may mean that the first communication node selects a pilot from a preset pilot set or pilot set; and generating a pilot may mean that the first communication node generates a pilot according to a preset rule or formula. frequency.
  • pilots generated according to the preset rules or formulas here also constitute a preset pilot set or pilot set, so it is understandable that generating pilots according to the preset rules or formulas is also equivalent to Selecting pilots from a preset pilot set can be said to be equivalent; in subsequent embodiments, selecting pilots from a preset pilot set will be used as an example.
  • autonomous selection of pilots may mean that there is no need for signaling instructions or arrangements from the second communication node (such as a base station or access point).
  • the terminal i.e., the first communication node
  • Pilot can decide on its own how to select from the preset pilot set. Pilot to determine the transmitted pilot in a connectionless state.
  • the terminal transmits a data packet containing at least terminal location information and timing advance to the base station or access point in a connectionless state.
  • the pilot included in the transmission can be independently selected by the terminal, that is, the terminal independently decides.
  • the W pilots are independently unrelated.
  • the determined W pilots are independent and irrelevant, which can be understood as the relationship between the W pilots. are unrelated to each other, or are not related to each other.
  • the determined W pilots are independent and irrelevant, which means that even if the base station knows one of the pilots, it still cannot infer the other W-1 pilots from this pilot.
  • the W pilots are determined by information in the transmitted data packet.
  • W pilots may be determined through information in data packets transmitted together.
  • the information in the transmitted data packet may also include information for determining the W pilots in addition to the location information and timing advance, for example
  • the index numbers of these W pilots in the pilot set or the initial status of the generated pilots, or the information multiplexing in the transmitted data packet indicates the index numbers of the W pilots in the pilot set or the generated pilots. initial status and other information.
  • the corresponding W pilots can be determined based on information such as the index numbers of the W pilots in the pilot set or the initial state of generating the pilots.
  • the relevant information may be original information in the data packet, and this information is multiplexed to indicate the index numbers of W pilots or the initial state of the generated pilots and other information identifying the pilots. In this way, once a terminal's data packet is successfully decoded, it can know the information of all the pilots used by the terminal in this transmission, and then reconstruct all the pilots, so that the interference of the pilot signals can be eliminated.
  • the W pilots are determined by one or more bits in the transmitted data packet.
  • one or more bits are required to determine each pilot sequence. These bits may be the original bits in the transmitted data packet, that is, the original bits in the transmitted data packet are multiplexed to indicate W pilots. Information identifying the pilot such as the index number or the initial state of the generated pilot. For example, bits representing location information may be used to indicate index numbers of W pilots or information identifying the pilots such as the initial state of the generated pilots. On this basis, determining the W pilots can be determined by one or more bits in the transmitted data packet; each pilot can be determined by one or more bits. There is no limit here on how to determine W pilots through one or more bits in the transmitted data packet. For example, one or more bits corresponding to each pilot can be used as an index to select a corresponding pilot from the pilot set. frequency.
  • the bits required for each pilot are also independent and unrelated.
  • the bits of the transmission data packet are originally independent and unrelated, so different bits in the transmission data packet only need to be used to determine different pilots, and the W pilots generated in this way are independent and unrelated to each other.
  • each pilot is from a pilot set containing M pilots, and each pilot is obtained from the pilot set by log2(M) bits in the transmitted data packet. definite.
  • the log function is a function with a power (real number) as an independent variable, an exponent as a dependent variable, and a base as a constant. It is also called a logarithmic function.
  • log2(M) can be understood as the logarithm of M with base 2, for example, if If M is 8, then log2(M) is 3. If M is 64, then log2(M) is 6.
  • Each pilot comes from a pilot set containing M pilots. The value of M is not limited here and can be set according to actual requirements. Each pilot can be determined from the corresponding pilot set by log2(M) bits in the transmitted data packet.
  • At least 2 pilots among the W pilots are different types of pilot sequences, or are from different pilot sets.
  • the transmission contains a preamble (Preamble) and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS).
  • Preamble a preamble
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • the lengths of at least 2 pilots among the W pilots are different.
  • only U symbols in each of the W pilots are non-zero values, and U is greater than 0 and less than 5.
  • a symbol has a non-zero value, it can be understood as a non-zero symbol.
  • the non-zero symbol can also be called a non-zero signal, a useful signal, etc.
  • U symbols in each of the W pilots are non-zero values, where U is greater than 0 and less than 5.
  • the pilot in this embodiment can be considered as an extremely sparse pilot. Extremely sparse pilots can be considered as pilots that are sparser than traditional sparse pilots.
  • the reference signal can be sparse, it is still A certain density is required, that is, the entire transmission bandwidth and time need to be covered.
  • extremely sparse pilots can be considered as each pilot in the pilot set being the sparsest in the entire transmission bandwidth and time. This is because the task of extremely sparse pilots in channel estimation is to only estimate The channel value is at one place, so a very sparse pilot can have only one adjacent symbol in the time domain and frequency domain.
  • an extremely sparse pilot can have only one non-zero element (i.e. a non-zero symbol), or an extremely sparse pilot can have only a pair of adjacent non-zero elements, i.e. 2 adjacent non-zero elements, or an extremely sparse pilot.
  • a sparse pilot can have only a set of 4 adjacent non-zero elements.
  • W takes a value of 2.
  • two pilots can be determined.
  • the data packet including at least location information and timing advance is transmitted to the second communication node together with 2 pilots.
  • a data packet including at least location information and timing advance is transmitted to the second channel.
  • the communication node includes: determining 1 pilot, U symbols in the pilot are non-zero values, U is greater than 0 and less than 5; transmitting the data packet and 1 pilot together to the second communication node.
  • pilots can be considered to refer to extremely sparse pilots.
  • the first communication node may first determine a pilot in which only U symbols are non-zero values, where U is greater than 0 and less than 5.
  • a pilot in which only U symbols are non-zero values, where U is greater than 0 and less than 5.
  • U is greater than 0 and less than 5.
  • a pilot can be independently selected or produced.
  • a data packet including at least location information and timing advance, together with the pilot can be transmitted to the corresponding second communication node.
  • the time interval for transmitting data packets including location information and timing advance is at least greater than a set threshold.
  • the time interval for data packet transmission including location information and timing advance can be understood as the frequency of data packet transmission.
  • the set threshold can be understood as a preset time interval threshold.
  • the value of the set threshold is not limited here.
  • the set threshold can be tens of seconds, minutes, or an hour.
  • the transmission frequency of data packets can be prevented from being too frequent, so the time interval of data packet transmission can be set to be at least greater than the set threshold.
  • the unit of setting the threshold is seconds or minutes.
  • transmitting a data packet containing at least location information and timing advance to the second communication node includes: spreading the modulation symbol formed by encoding and modulating the data packet at least containing location information and timing advance through a spreading sequence. , obtain the expanded symbol; transmit the expanded symbol to the second communication node.
  • the base station i.e., the second communication node
  • the base station may receive a large number of data packets sent by different terminals (i.e., the first communication node) on the same time-frequency resource, including at least location information and timing advance
  • these large numbers of The transmission of data packets is competitive, which may cause resource collision problems.
  • the modulation performance of the data packet can be optimized.
  • the data packet containing at least position information and timing advance can be coded and modulated first to form the corresponding modulation symbol; then each modulation symbol can be expanded through spreading sequence expansion. After the symbol, for example, each modulation symbol can be expanded into a symbol of length L through a spreading sequence of length L.
  • the expansion sequence is [c 1 , c 2 ,...c L ]. Expanding s n can be done by multiplying s n with each element of the expansion sequence to obtain the expanded L symbols, that is, [s n *c 1 ,s n *c 2 ,...,s n *c L ]. Finally, the expanded symbols can be transmitted to the corresponding second communication node.
  • the spreading sequence is determined from information in the transmitted data packet.
  • the spreading sequence may be determined through information in data packets transmitted together. This There is no limit on how to determine the spreading sequence through the information in the transmitted data packet; for example, the information in the transmitted data packet may also include the spreading sequence in addition to the location information and timing advance, or related information used to indicate the spreading sequence. etc.; Another example is that the information in the transmitted data packet is multiplexed to indicate the extension sequence, or the relevant information used to indicate the extension sequence, etc., so that there is no need to add additional information related to the extension sequence; according to the extension sequence, or the information used to indicate the extension Sequence related information and other information can determine the corresponding extended sequence.
  • This application does not limit the content included in the data packet that at least includes location information and timing advance, as long as it can include location information and timing advance.
  • the determination of the pilot and spreading sequences in this application may be through the information multiplexing indication present in the data packet. That is, in addition to the meaning of the representation itself, the information in the data packet is also used to determine the pilot and spreading sequences.
  • the number of bits included in the data packet to determine the pilot and spreading sequence information may be the same or different.
  • the position of the information in the data packet that determines the pilot and spreading sequences in the data packet may be the same or different.
  • the spreading sequence is from a set of V spreading sequences, and the spreading sequence is determined from the set of spreading sequences by using log2(V) bits in the transmitted data packet.
  • log2(V) can be understood as the logarithm of V with base 2. For example, if V is 8, then log2(V) is 3.
  • the expansion sequence comes from a set containing V expansion sequences. The value of V is not limited here and can be set according to actual needs.
  • the spreading sequence can be determined from the set of corresponding spreading sequences by log2(V) bits in the transmitted data packet. There is no limitation here on how to determine the spreading sequence from the set of spreading sequences through log2(V) bits in the transmitted data packet.
  • the data packet containing the location information and timing advance does not include information related to the identity of the first communication node.
  • Identity-related information can be considered as information that can uniquely identify the first communication node.
  • the data packet containing the location information and the timing advance includes information related to the identity of the first communication node.
  • the location information includes one or more of the following:
  • Location information of the global positioning system location information of the Beidou positioning system; location information of the cellular positioning system; location information of the positioning system based on positioning tags; location information of the positioning system based on wireless routers (WIFI routers); location information based on the Bluetooth positioning system Information; location information based on ultra-wideband positioning system.
  • WIFI routers wireless routers
  • Bluetooth positioning system Information location information based on ultra-wideband positioning system.
  • the location information of the global positioning system can be understood as the location information of the first communication node determined through the global positioning system.
  • the position information of the Beidou positioning system can be understood as the position information of the first communication node determined by the Beidou positioning system.
  • the location information of the cellular positioning system can be understood as the location information of the first communication node determined through the cellular positioning system.
  • the cellular positioning system can be positioning using cellular network technology. system.
  • the position information of the positioning system based on the positioning tag can be understood as the position information of the first communication node determined by the positioning system based on the positioning tag.
  • Positioning tags such as positioning tags based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology or positioning tags based on backscattering technology, can be understood as preset tags used to assist the positioning of the first communication node, such as through the first communication node.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • the location information of the first communication node is determined by using information such as communication time or distance between the communication node and the positioning tag.
  • the location information based on the wireless router positioning system can be understood as the location information of the first communication node determined through the relevant information of the wireless router. Because the system can know the location of the WIFI router, once it receives the information about the WIFI router it has seen reported by the terminal, it can infer the location information of the terminal.
  • the location information based on the Bluetooth positioning system can be understood as the location information of the first communication node determined through the Bluetooth access point.
  • the location information based on the ultra-wideband positioning system can be understood as the location information of the first communication node determined through the ultra-wideband technology access point.
  • the data packet containing the location information and timing advance also contains information related to the identity of the first communication node.
  • information related to the identity of the first communication node such as asset tracking, logistics management, elderly/child/pet loss prevention, etc.
  • the acquisition and use of location information usually requires the user's permission in advance.
  • the data packet containing the location information and timing advance does not include information related to the identity of the first communication node.
  • Such a solution can be applied to environment sensing applications based on location information. This application only needs to know the channel through which electromagnetic wave signals emitted by some locations reach the base station, and does not need to know who emitted the electromagnetic wave signal. Excluding information related to the identity of the first communication node in data packets containing location information has an important advantage: privacy or ethical issues can be avoided. On the contrary, if the data packet containing location information also includes information related to the identity of the first communication node, there will be a series of privacy or ethical issues.
  • this embodiment can avoid privacy or ethical issues caused by terminals transmitting location information and reduce users'concerns; thus, it can greatly increase the number of terminals that can provide location information, thereby improving Performance of various scenarios.
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart of another information transmission method provided by an embodiment. As shown in Figure 3, the method provided by this embodiment can be applied to a second communication node (such as a base station), including S210 and S220. Technical details that are not described in detail in this embodiment may be referred to any of the above embodiments.
  • a second communication node such as a base station
  • the transmission resource is used by the first communication node to transmit a data packet including at least location information and timing advance.
  • transmission resources can be understood as common time-frequency resources used for the first communication node in the connectionless state to transmit data packets that at least include location information and timing advance.
  • the transmission resource is determined here.
  • it may be a public channel defined or configured by the second communication node, for the first communication node in the connectionless state to transmit its corresponding location information on this common channel.
  • Target signaling can be understood as signaling used to configure or define the location of transmission resources, and the location of the transmission resources of the first communication node can be indicated through the target signaling.
  • the target signaling may be a broadcast signaling defined by the second communication node.
  • this embodiment can indicate the location of the transmission resource to the first communication node, so that the first communication node can use the transmission resource in a connectionless state.
  • the transmission resource transmits data packets that at least include location information and timing advance, thereby avoiding the problem of increased power consumption caused by the first communication node having to establish a connection with the second communication node for repeated interactions in order to transmit the data packet.
  • the data packet containing the location information and the timing advance includes information related to the identity of the first communication node.
  • the data packet containing the location information and timing advance does not include information related to the identity of the first communication node.
  • the timing advance of signal transmission by the first communication node is determined based on the broadcast signal of the second communication node.
  • the broadcast signal of the second communication node includes a downlink synchronization signal or a downlink reference signal.
  • the broadcast signal of the second communication node includes location information of the second communication node.
  • transmitting a data packet containing at least the location information and the timing advance to a second communication node includes: receiving a data packet transmitted by the first communication node on a predefined public channel and containing at least the location. information and the timing advance in the packet.
  • determining transmission resources includes: defining or configuring transmission resources.
  • the second communication node can define or configure a public resource as the transmission resource.
  • the defined or configured transmission resources can be used by multiple first communication nodes to transmit data packets at least including location information and timing advance in a connectionless state.
  • the method further includes: receiving a data packet transmitted by the first communication node including at least location information and timing advance.
  • the first communication node determines the transmission resources according to the target signaling transmitted by the second communication node, selects time-frequency resources among the transmission resources, and transmits data packets containing at least location information and timing advance on the time-frequency resources. to the second communication node.
  • the second communication node receives the data packet transmitted by the first communication node and includes at least location information and timing advance.
  • data packets are transmitted over a transmission resource.
  • receiving the data packet transmitted by the first communication node and containing at least location information includes: receiving the data packet transmitted by the first communication node and W pilots transmitted together with the data packet, where W is greater than 1.
  • the first communication node obtains the corresponding location information and timing advance, determines W pilots, and transmits the data packet containing at least the location information and timing advance together with the W pilots to the second communication node. node.
  • the second communication node receives the data packet transmitted by the first communication node including at least location information and timing advance, and W pilots transmitted together with the data packet.
  • the W pilots are independently unrelated.
  • the W pilots are determined by information in the transmitted data packet.
  • the W pilots are determined by one or more bits in the transmitted data packet.
  • each pilot is from a pilot set containing M pilots, and each pilot is obtained from the pilot set by log2(M) bits in the transmitted data packet. definite.
  • At least 2 pilots among the W pilots are different types of pilot sequences, or are from different pilot sets.
  • the lengths of at least 2 pilots among the W pilots are different.
  • only U symbols in each of the W pilots are non-zero values, and U is greater than 0 and less than 5.
  • W takes a value of 2.
  • receiving a data packet transmitted by the first communication node including at least location information and timing advance includes:
  • the time interval for data packet transmission is at least greater than the set threshold.
  • the unit of setting the threshold is seconds or minutes.
  • the method further includes: receiving a spread symbol transmitted by the first communication node, the spread symbol is a symbol after the modulation symbol is extended by a spreading sequence, and the modulation symbol is a symbol that will at least include position information and timing advance.
  • the first communication node codes and modulates the data packet containing at least the location information and the timing advance to form a modulation symbol. That is, the modulation symbol can be understood as coding and modulating the data packet containing at least the location information and the timing advance.
  • the symbols obtained after the modulation symbol are expanded through the spreading sequence to obtain the expanded symbols, that is, the expanded symbols can be understood as symbols after the modulation symbols are expanded through the spreading sequences; and the expanded symbols are transmitted to the second communication node.
  • the second communication node receives the spread symbols transmitted by the first communication node.
  • the spreading sequence is determined from information in the transmitted data packet.
  • the spreading sequence is from a set of V spreading sequences, and the spreading sequence is determined from the set of spreading sequences by log2(V) bits in the transmitted data packet.
  • the location information includes one or more of the following: location information of the global positioning system; location information of the Beidou positioning system; location information of the cellular positioning system; location information of the positioning system based on positioning tags; positioning based on wireless routers System location information; location information based on Bluetooth positioning system; location information based on ultra-wideband positioning system.
  • the information transmission method is illustratively described below through different embodiments.
  • the terminal In order to allow the terminal (i.e., the first communication node) to transmit location information with as little power as possible and to save system signaling overhead, the terminal can always be in a connectionless state when there is no transmission task, that is, the idle state (RRC Idle state). Or inactive state, so that the terminal can go into deep sleep and shut down all transmission-related circuits.
  • the idle state RRC Idle state
  • the terminal in the connectionless state/idle state/inactive state does not need to establish a connection with the system in advance, or There is no need to request the base station or access node (i.e., the second communication node) to allocate uplink transmission resources (i.e., there is no need to obtain authorization (Grant) and scheduling (Scheduling) of the uplink transmission resources), but to directly initiate the transmission of location information autonomously (i.e., In a connectionless state, transmit a data packet containing at least location information to the second communication node).
  • uplink transmission resources i.e., there is no need to obtain authorization (Grant) and scheduling (Scheduling) of the uplink transmission resources
  • the terminal Since the terminal completes the transmission in a connectionless state, after the transmission is completed, the terminal does not need to perform the operation of releasing the connection, and can immediately enter the connectionless state or idle state (deep sleep state) where the device is almost shut down. This can achieve extremely simplified location information transmission in a connectionless state, and the system spectral efficiency and terminal power consumption can be effectively reduced.
  • a terminal in a connectionless state can independently decide when to transmit its own location information, and then transmit the location information directly. There is no need to notify the base station or system before transmitting, and there is no need to apply for transmission resources from the base station. It also means that the base station or system does not need to arrange dedicated time-frequency resources or UE-specific time-frequency resources for the transmission of location information of each terminal, or there is no need to arrange different time-frequency resources for the transmission of location information of each terminal.
  • the base station or system only needs to configure a common channel (that is, a common transmission resource), for example, by broadcasting information to configure such a common channel and notify all terminals to transmit their location information on this common channel.
  • the base station cannot control or know which terminals are involved in each transmission and how many terminals are transmitted.
  • the base station can only decode the received signal through multi-user detection technology.
  • the location information of each terminal can be obtained from the information transmitted by each terminal (that is, the data packet containing at least location information); the base station can estimate each user from the received signal (the received signal can be understood as the data packet transmitted by the terminal containing at least location information).
  • the base station may receive data packets that at least contain location information sent independently by many different terminals on the same time-frequency resource.
  • the transmission of these data packets can be said to be contention-based, so there is resource collision.
  • the user load is very high, and collisions may be very serious. Separating these data packets is a big challenge for the base station.
  • the modulation symbols after the location information is encoded and modulated can be transmitted through symbol extension technology: that is, each modulation symbol will pass through an L-long extension sequence (i.e., L can represent extension The length of the sequence) is extended to generate L symbols.
  • L can represent extension The length of the sequence
  • the n-th modulation symbol is s n and the L-long spreading sequence is [c 1 , c 2 ,..., c L ]
  • the n-th modulation symbol passes through this L
  • the long spreading sequence is expanded, it becomes s n *c 1 , s n *c 2 ,...s n *c L.
  • each modulation symbol (that is, the data packet containing at least the position information is coded and modulated to form a modulation symbol; each The modulation symbols are spread through the spreading sequence to obtain the spread symbols).
  • the transmission information that is, the transmitted data packet
  • the transmission information has a total of N modulation symbols, then symbol extension technology is used, and the length of the extension sequence is L, then the transmission information will become N*L indivual. This can provide multi-user separation capabilities for code domains.
  • each symbol undergoes symbol expansion. If the expanded symbols are transmitted in the frequency domain, the modulation symbols can have better diversity effects. If the transmission is a power-limited scenario and the spread symbols are transmitted in the time domain, each modulation symbol can have L times of energy accumulation, and the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by L times.
  • the reference signal can also be selected independently by the user, so it is possible for different users to select the same reference signal, that is, reference signal collision.
  • reference signal collision When overload is high, that is, when there are many users, the probability of reference signal collision is very high.
  • the reference signals collide it is difficult for the base station to separate the two users through the reference signals.
  • the reference signal In order to reduce the collision and contamination of the reference signal while also estimating the channel and time-frequency offset, the reference signal needs to be doubled, the sequence will be doubled and the length will be doubled, the overhead will be doubled, and the detection complexity will increase quadratically.
  • the sparse pilot scheme can reduce the overhead of pilot resources without increasing the overhead of pilot resources.
  • independent multi-pilot technology means that one transmission contains 2 or more pilots (that is, determining W pilots; transmitting a data packet containing at least location information and W pilots to the second communication node ; W is greater than 1), and the pilots are uncorrelated/independent (that is, W pilots are independent and independent).
  • the probability of W independent pilots from different users colliding at the same time will be much smaller than that of a single pilot.
  • the base station can use an iteration-based receiver to solve the corresponding user through those pilots without collision in each round, and then reconstruct its data and pilots and eliminate them from the received signal, and so on iteratively until the solution is All solvable users. Since the probability of independent multi-pilot collisions at the same time is much smaller than that of a single pilot, the transmission scheme using independent multi-pilots can support high user load in the case of competitive connectionless transmission (or competition-free scheduling transmission). In this embodiment, independent multi-pilot technology and sparse pilot technology can be combined to reduce user pilot collisions, that is, multiple independent and unrelated sparse pilots are used to increase user load.
  • the frequency of the terminal transmitting location information should not be too frequent, that is, it is best to only transmit it once after a long interval (that is, the time interval between data packet transmission is at least greater than the set threshold).
  • the unit of setting the threshold is seconds or minutes.
  • the terminal autonomously reports a location information every several minutes (or an average of several seconds).
  • the time interval between the two transmissions of each terminal is best to be different or even random. This can be achieved by the terminal randomly deciding the transmission time. at this point.
  • the terminal independently determines the time-frequency resources for transmission. For example, the terminal independently determines the location of the time-frequency resources based on a random number generator. Different terminals have different random number generator structures or different initial seeds, which can achieve a certain degree of randomness. .
  • the system defines or configures a common channel (ie, transmission resource) for terminals in the connectionless state/idle state (RRC Idle state)/inactive state (Inactive state) to transmit their Position information and timing advance.
  • a broadcast signaling ie, target signaling
  • the base station will use this broadcast signaling to tell the terminal the location and timing advance of the time-frequency resources used for information transmission (that is, the second communication node indicates the location and timing of the transmission resources to the first communication node through target signaling. lead time).
  • a terminal in a connectionless state/idle state (RRC Idle state)/inactive state directly transmits a data packet containing at least its own location information and timing advance to the base station/connector. Entry point (no need to enter the connected state before transmission, and no need to apply for resources from the base station).
  • RRC Idle state connectionless state/idle state
  • the terminal For each transmission, the terminal independently determines the transmission resources for transmission, that is, selects time-frequency resources from public transmission resources, which are usually public time-frequency resources defined by the system (i.e., transmission resources, including many transmission resources). source), autonomously determine one of the time-frequency resources for the transmission of data packets (that is, select a time-frequency resource among the transmission resources; transmit a data packet containing at least the location information and timing advance on the time-frequency resource to second communication node).
  • public transmission resources which are usually public time-frequency resources defined by the system (i.e., transmission resources, including many transmission resources).
  • source autonomously determine one of the time-frequency resources for the transmission of data packets (that is, select a time-frequency resource among the transmission resources; transmit a data packet containing at least the location information and timing advance on the time-frequency resource to second communication node).
  • the terminal transmits data packets containing location information and timing advance through independent multi-pilot technology or sparse pilot technology: the transmission information (i.e., data packet) contains location information and timing advance, and the pilot is selected through the transmission information. It can be independent multiple pilots, sparse pilots, or multiple independent sparse pilots (that is, determine W pilots; transmit the data packet containing at least location information and W pilots to the second Communication node; W is greater than 1).
  • the frequency of data packet transmission by the terminal is very sparse, for example, it is transmitted in tens of seconds on average, or once every few minutes, or the average transmission does not exceed 100 times per hour (that is, the time interval between data packet transmission is at least greater than the set threshold, and the set threshold is The unit is seconds or minutes).
  • the data packets containing at least position information and timing advance are transmitted through symbol extension technology. That is, after the data packets containing at least position information and timing advance are encoded and modulated to form modulation symbols, each modulation symbol is expanded into L through an L-long spreading sequence. symbols (that is, encoding and modulating a data packet containing at least position information and timing advance to form a modulation symbol; extending each modulation symbol through a spreading sequence to obtain an expanded symbol; transmitting the expanded symbol to the second communication node).
  • Location information includes location information of the Global Positioning System (GPS), Beidou positioning system, cellular positioning system, positioning system based on positioning tags; positioning system based on wireless router (WIFI router) location information; location information based on Bluetooth positioning system; location information based on ultra-wideband positioning system.
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • WIFI router wireless router
  • location information based on Bluetooth positioning system location information based on ultra-wideband positioning system.
  • location information based on WIFI routers, location information based on Bluetooth positioning system, and location information based on ultra-wideband positioning system are more beneficial for obtaining location information of indoor terminals.
  • Embodiment 2 Take independent multi-pilot as an example to illustrate
  • the first communication node transmits data packets that at least include location information and timing advance in a connectionless state. Since there is no central node to make an overall arrangement for the pilots used by different terminals, different terminals start from a preset It is possible to independently select pilots from a pilot set with a limited number of pilots. It is possible to select the same pilot. This is the so-called pilot collision problem. In high overload scenarios, that is, scenarios with many access terminals, the probability of pilot collisions is higher. Once the pilots of different terminals collide, it is difficult for the base station to demodulate the data packets of these terminals through the pilots.
  • the relevant pilot scheme is used to realize location information and timing advance transmission in a connectionless state, and the probability of pilot collision is high.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of transmitting data packets based on a pilot scheme according to an embodiment.
  • a transmission can include pilot/reference signals, as well as data packets; pilot or reference signals can also It is considered as a preamble (Preamble), or it can also be considered as a demodulation reference signal (DMRS); the position of the pilot can be in front of the data packet (i.e., the data/message (Payload/Message) in Figure 4), or in the middle of the data packet.
  • the pilot scheme has a characteristic: the pilot or reference signal contained in each transmission can be considered to be only one or one type. Here one or one type can mean that the pilot consists of one sequence or multiple related sequences. composition.
  • the transmission will contain one preamble sequence, or multiple related preamble sequences.
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of the implementation of a pilot scheme provided by an embodiment. As shown in Figure 5A, the transmission may include a pilot composed of a preamble sequence.
  • FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram of the implementation of another pilot scheme provided by an embodiment.
  • OCC Orthogonal Cover Code
  • Such a leader scheme can increase the number of leaders, but it may destroy the orthogonality of the leaders.
  • the transmission will include one DMRS or multiple related DMRS.
  • Preamble and DMRS can have the above characteristics respectively.
  • Preamble and DMRS are related. Usually, once the Preamble is determined, the corresponding DMRS is also determined.
  • the pilot/reference signal of the related scheme is usually one or more.
  • N 64
  • any two terminals will pilot
  • the probability of frequency collision is already 1/64. If there are many terminals transmitting at the same time, the collision probability is much greater than 1/64.
  • a data packet including at least the location information and timing advance of the first communication node is transmitted to the second communication node.
  • a transmission contains 2 or more pilots, and the pilots are independent and unrelated.
  • / uncorrelated / uncorrelated or in other words, the pilot signal transmitted once is composed of 2 or more independent unrelated / uncorrelated / uncorrelated pilot sequences (that is, determine W pilots, and
  • a data packet containing at least location information and timing advance is transmitted to the second communication node together with W pilots; W is greater than 1; W pilots are independent and irrelevant).
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of an implementation of pilot-based transmission of data packets according to an embodiment.
  • a data packet containing at least the location information and timing advance of the first communication node is transmitted to the second communication node.
  • the pilot signal transmitted once is composed of two independent irrelevant/unconnected It is composed of associated/irrelevant pilot sequences (ie, preamble P1, P2).
  • FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of another implementation of pilot-based transmission of data packets according to an embodiment.
  • a data packet containing at least the location information and timing advance of the first communication node is transmitted to the second communication node.
  • the pilot signal transmitted once is composed of W independent irrelevant/unrelated It is composed of associated/irrelevant pilot sequences (ie, preambles P1, P2, ..., Pw).
  • the data packet containing the first communication node location information and timing advance transmitted together with the pilot contains information on multiple independent and unrelated pilots. For example, it includes the index number of these pilots in the pilot set or the initial state of generating pilots. In this way, once a terminal's data packet is successfully decoded, it can know the information of all pilots used by this terminal in this transmission. , and then all the pilots can be reconstructed, so that the interference of the pilot signals can be eliminated (that is, the W pilots are determined by the information in the transmitted data packet).
  • FIG 7 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of another pilot scheme provided by an embodiment.
  • P1 and P2 are both selected from a pilot set Z containing M pilot sequences (that is, each pilot is from a pilot set containing M pilot sequences.
  • Each pilot is determined from the pilot set by log2(M) bits in the transmitted data packet).
  • the pilot set Z includes z 1 , z 2 ,..., z M , a total of M pilot sequences.
  • P1 and P2 can be determined respectively by two groups of m bits in each data packet (that is, W pilots are determined by one or more bits in the transmitted data packet).
  • the receiver ie, the second communication node
  • the receiver can know the P1 and P2 used by the terminal, so that the interference of the pilot signal can be eliminated.
  • P1 and P2 respectively using 2m bits of the data packet
  • the terminal can also generate 6 bits through certain rules through several bits in its data packet, or generate a value [1,64], that is, an integer in the range of 1 to 64, to determine P1; and through several bits in the data packet through Certain rules generate 6 bits, or generate a value [1,64], that is, an integer in the range of 1 to 64, which determines P2. In this way, there is no need to add additional information indicating the preamble sequence in the data packet, thereby saving overhead.
  • the system defines a sequence generation method to generate M Preamble sequences, which is generated through a Zadoff-Chu sequence (ZC sequence) generation formula by setting the "root” in the ZC sequence formula.
  • ZC sequence Zadoff-Chu sequence
  • value, and “ circular shift” value are two variables to generate N sequences.
  • the system defines a sequence generation method to generate N Preamble sequences, which are generated through a shift register sequence generator and are generated by setting different "initial states" of the shift register sequence generator. N sequences. Then the "initial states" of P1 and P2 can be independent.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of yet another pilot scheme provided by an embodiment.
  • the system defines a sequence generation method that generates M1 Preamble sequences, and another sequence generation method that generates M2 Preamble sequences;
  • the pilot set/pilot pool containing M1 pilot sequences is Set as Z1, Z1 contains z 1 , z 2 , ..., z M1 , a total of M1 Preamble sequences;
  • the pilot set/pilot pool containing M2 pilot sequences is set as Z2, Z2 contains z 1 , z 2 ,...,z M2 , a total of M2 Preamble sequences.
  • P1 and P2 are respectively generated by these two sequence generation methods, but the generation of P1 and P2 is independent and uncorrelated (that is, at least 2 pilots among the W pilots come from different pilot sets).
  • the system defines that the sequence generation method to generate M1 Preamble sequences is generated through a ZC sequence formula (i.e. formula1), and the system defines the sequence generation method to generate M2 Preamble sequences is generated through another ZC sequence formula (i.e. formula2).
  • a ZC sequence formula i.e. formula1
  • the sequence generation method to generate M2 Preamble sequences is generated through another ZC sequence formula (i.e. formula2).
  • Different sequences are generated by setting the two variables "root” and "cyclic shift" in the ZC sequence formula.
  • the system defines a sequence generation method for generating M1 Preamble sequences, which is generated by a shift register sequence generator 1.
  • the system defines a sequence generation method for generating M2 Preamble sequences, which is generated by a shift register sequence generator 2. Generated. Different sequences are generated by setting different "initial states" of the shift register sequence generator.
  • the system defines sequence set 1 including M1 Preamble sequences, and sequence set 2 including M2 Preamble sequences.
  • P1 is selected from sequence set 1
  • P2 is selected from sequence set 2.
  • Selecting index value 1 of P1 from sequence set 1 and selecting index value 2 of P2 from sequence set 2 are independent.
  • the length of the pilots in sequence set 1 containing M1 Preamble sequences can be the same as the length of the pilots in sequence set 2 containing M2 Preamble sequences, or they can be different (at least 2 pilots among W pilots length is different).
  • a data packet including at least the location information and timing advance of the first communication node is transmitted to the second communication node.
  • One transmission contains W pilots, and the W pilots are independent/unrelated/uncorrelated.
  • the W pilots can be one of the following:
  • Preamble sequences are transmitted in W physical random access channels (PhysicalRandom Access Channel, PRACH) defined by the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard; W PRACH Preamble sequences defined by the New Radio (NR) standard; W DMRS sequences defined by the LTE standard; W DMRS sequences defined by the NR standard; W Maximum Length Shift Register (MLSR) sequences; W Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) sequences; W Walsh-Hadamard sequence.
  • PRACH Physical Random Access Channel
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • W DMRS sequences defined by the LTE standard
  • W DMRS sequences defined by the NR standard
  • W Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) sequences W Walsh-Hadamard sequence.
  • the receiver can use the second preamble sequence without collision to perform channel estimation, and then demodulate the data packets of terminal 1 and terminal 2.
  • Independent multi-pilot technology means that one transmission contains two or more pilots, and the pilots are independent/unrelated/uncorrelated. In this way, under the same pilot overhead, the probability of simultaneous collision of independent multiple pilots from different terminals will be much smaller than that of a single pilot.
  • the base station uses an iteration-based receiver, and each round The data packets of the corresponding terminal can be decoded through those non-colliding pilots, and then both the data and pilots are reconstructed and eliminated from the received signal. This iteration continues until all decryptable terminal data packets are decoded. Since the probability of independent multi-pilot collisions at the same time is much smaller than that of a single pilot, the transmission scheme using independent multi-pilots can support high terminal load in the case of connectionless transmission.
  • Embodiment 3 Taking sparse pilot as an example to illustrate
  • each reference signal needs to occupy sufficient resources, throughout the entire transmission bandwidth and time.
  • each reference signal should not be too sparse in the entire transmission bandwidth and time, and must have a certain density. Only in this way can the wireless multipath channel (that is, the frequency selective channel) within the entire transmission bandwidth and the frequency within the transmission time be estimated. Partial. Therefore, to ensure the transmission performance in the connectionless state and use the relevant pilot scheme, the overhead occupied by the pilot will increase exponentially, and the detection complexity will also increase significantly.
  • DMRS demodulation reference signal
  • a demodulation reference signal can also be called a demodulation reference signal port (DMRS ports), that is, a defined set of 12 demodulation reference signal ports (DMRS ports).
  • FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram of an implementation of defining physical resource blocks according to an embodiment.
  • a physical resource block PRB
  • PRB physical resource block
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, DFT-S-OFDM) or Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • Each small grid is a subcarrier of an OFDM symbol, usually also called a resource unit (Resource Element, RE).
  • RE resource unit
  • This demodulation reference signal (DMRS) uses the first 2 OFDM symbols to carry the demodulation reference signal, that is, the first 2 OFDM symbols are used as the reference signal (DMRS) area, which means that the resource overhead occupied by the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) It's 1/7.
  • the area except the reference signal (DMRS) area is the data symbol area.
  • FIG. 10B is a schematic diagram of an implementation of defining a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment.
  • the demodulation reference signal can be divided into three groups from the perspective of occupied resource unit (RE) positions.
  • the non-zero symbols (or non-zero signals) of the first group of demodulation reference signals (DMRS) Useful signals, etc.) i.e. symbols are non-zero values
  • REs resource units
  • the first group of 4 DMRS ports are distinguished by OCC codes; the non-zero values of the second group of demodulation reference signals (DMRS) The zero symbol is carried in the figure
  • the second group of 4 DMRS ports are distinguished by OCC codes; the non-zero symbols of the third group of demodulation reference signals (DMRS) are carried on the resource unit (RE) of the pattern shown in the figure.
  • the third group of 4 DMRS ports are distinguished by OCC codes.
  • Each demodulation reference signal has a value of 0 on the resource element (RE) of the blank unfilled pattern as shown in the figure, or there is no signal.
  • FIG. 10C is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram of an implementation of using an OCC code to define a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment.
  • two long OCC codes [1,1], [1,-1] in the time domain and the frequency domain are jointly used.
  • the two long OCC codes [1,1], [1,-1] are used to separate 4 demodulation reference signal ports.
  • FIG. 11B is a schematic diagram of another implementation of using OCC codes to define demodulation reference signals according to an embodiment.
  • two long OCC codes [1,1], [1,-1] in the time domain and the frequency domain are jointly used.
  • the two long OCC codes [1,1], [1,-1] are used to separate 4 demodulation reference signal ports.
  • FIG 11C is a schematic diagram of another implementation of demodulation reference signal using OCC code according to an embodiment.
  • 8 represents the first reference signal unit
  • 9 represents the second reference signal unit; for the 4 demodulation reference signals in the third group in Figure 10B, the two long-term reference signals in the time domain are jointly used.
  • reference signals carried on several adjacent resource units (REs) in the time domain and frequency domain may be called a reference signal unit (Resource Signal Element, RSE), for example, Figures 10A-10C and In Figure 11A-11C, four consecutive resource units (REs) carrying reference signals in the time-frequency domain are called a reference signal unit (RSE).
  • RSE Resource Signal Element
  • RSE resource Signal Element
  • the signal is a reference signal element (RSE).
  • RSE reference signal element
  • each reference signal has 2 within 1 PRB bandwidth.
  • Reference signal element RSE
  • the channel value at 2 locations within 1 PRB bandwidth that is, within 12 subcarrier bandwidths
  • the channel values of 12 subcarriers within 1 PRB bandwidth need to be interpolated through the estimated values of these reference signal units.
  • Figure 12A is a schematic diagram of an implementation based on PRB transmission provided by an embodiment. As shown in Figure 12A, if a transmission contains Reference signal elements (RSE) can estimate the channel values at 2*X points at equal intervals within the entire transmission bandwidth, and then obtain the channel values of all 12*X subcarriers within the transmission bandwidth through interpolation.
  • RSE Reference signal elements
  • the 12 demodulation reference signals can be divided into three groups in terms of occupied resource unit (RE) positions.
  • FIG. 12B is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 12B, the first group of four demodulation reference signals are distinguished by OCC codes.
  • FIG. 12C is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 12C, the second group of four demodulation reference signals are distinguished by OCC codes.
  • FIG. 12D is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a demodulation reference signal according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 12D, the third group of four demodulation reference signals is distinguished by OCC codes.
  • the overhead of the reference signal is 1/7. That is to say, the system spends 1/7 of the resources and can only design 12 demodulation reference signals.
  • the collision probability of any two terminals independently selecting a reference signal is 1/12, which is still very high. Therefore, the related demodulation reference signal will seriously limit the number of terminals for data transmission in the connectionless transmission state.
  • each reference signal also needs to estimate a certain frequency offset (Frequency Offset)
  • Frequency Offset a certain frequency offset
  • each reference signal The resources occupied by the signal still need to be increased, or the density of each reference signal in the transmission signal needs to be encrypted. For example, repeat it once in the time domain to estimate the frequency offset. In this way, the resources occupied by the reference signal are doubled, that is, the overhead is 2/7. In other words, the system spends 2/7 of its resources.
  • the frequency selective channel and frequency offset it can only design 12 demodulation reference signals.
  • the resources occupied by the reference signals need to increase. For example, it takes 3/7 or even 4/7 of the overhead to design 12 demodulation reference signals. With such a large overhead, only such a small number of reference signal sets (or so few reference signal ports) can be obtained, and the collision probability of transmission in a connectionless state is very high.
  • each demodulation reference signal has 3 reference signal units in each PRB bandwidth (for example, visually there are 3 fields), so that each PRB can have 3 estimated values, X There are estimated values at 3*X for each PRB, and then the channels of all subcarriers of X PRBs are obtained through linear interpolation.
  • This kind of reference signal still accounts for 1/7 of the transmission resource overhead, but can only separate 8 demodulation reference signals (8 demodulation reference signal ports), which is even less than what is defined above. It can be seen that the channel estimation capability is usually inversely proportional to the number of reference signals.
  • the root of the problem is that the tasks or responsibilities of the reference signal are too heavy: a reference signal is needed to estimate the frequency selection channel and time-frequency offset of the entire transmission channel; To do end-user identification, the reference signal needs to occupy more time-frequency resources to complete such a heavy task. This leads to a serious shortage of reference signals under certain resources.
  • the number of terminals that can be supported by transmission in a connectionless state is limited by the number of reference signals.
  • the main starting point of this application is to greatly reduce the task of reference signals, so the resources occupied by each reference signal can be minimized, or each reference signal can be the sparsest, so that the number of reference signals can be maximized, and ultimately preconfiguration can be eliminated. Both scheduling and contention-free scheduling can support more terminals.
  • FIG. 13A is a schematic diagram of a BPSK symbol provided by an embodiment. As shown in Figure 13A, it is a constellation diagram of Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) symbols transmitted by the terminal, which can be considered as a standard BPSK constellation diagram.
  • BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
  • Figure 13B is a schematic diagram of another BPSK symbol provided by an embodiment.
  • Figure 13C is a schematic diagram of another BPSK symbol provided by an embodiment.
  • a weighting coefficient will be applied by the wireless channel, which is a rotational addition.
  • Figure 13B shows the scatter points corresponding to the symbols after channel weighting.
  • the channel weight can be estimated by using the geometry of the symbol scatter points.
  • the constellation diagram after rotation and scaling i.e., channel weighting
  • the rotation amount and scaling amount can be obtained, and then the constellation diagram can be reversely rotated back, thus completing the equalization, that is, obtaining the symbol scatter points after the signal is equalized, as shown in Figure 13C.
  • the scatter points corresponding to the symbols received by the base station can still be seen as two separate groups of scatter points. The base station only needs to add up the circular scatter points and the triangular scatter points respectively to obtain two groups.
  • the scatter point center then rotate the scatter point center corresponding to the triangular scatter point by 180°, and add it to the scatter point center corresponding to the circular scatter point, we can get the channel weighting of the final BPSK symbol expressed in complex form, and we also get The amount of rotation and scaling.
  • the angle of a complex number is the amount of rotation
  • the module of the complex number is the amount of scaling.
  • the task of the reference signal is much smaller than that of the related solution, so each reference signal occupies much fewer resources than the related solution. Therefore, under a certain overhead, the number of reference signals of this application is much more than that of the related solution. many.
  • a base station when a base station has multiple receiving antennas, such as R receiving antennas, it can theoretically provide very powerful airspace capabilities to improve the performance of multi-terminal access.
  • y [y k1 , y k2 ,...y kR ] t is the received signal of R receiving antennas, and h k ' is h The conjugate transpose of k .
  • the receiver uses the spatially combined data symbols sk to estimate the channel of the entire transmission bandwidth experienced by the signal of terminal k and estimate the time-frequency offset. Then, the spatial domain combined data symbol sk is compensated for the channel and time-frequency offset. Finally, the data symbols that compensate for the channel and time-frequency offset are demodulated and decoded.
  • FIG 14A is a schematic diagram of an implementation of defining a reference signal according to an embodiment.
  • the reference signal proposed in this application occupies one OFDM symbol.
  • One transmission contains time-frequency resources of The first OFDM symbol is used to carry the demodulation reference signal, that is, the first OFDM symbol is used as an extremely sparse pilot area, and 1/14 of the resources are used to transmit the reference signal, which is 12*X resource units (RE). for transmitting reference signals.
  • the area except the extremely sparse pilot area is the data symbol area.
  • Figure 14B is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining reference signals provided by an embodiment.
  • each reference signal defined by the system only has a non-zero symbol (non-zero signal, or useful signal), there is no signal in other places (Or the value is 0 elsewhere).
  • FIG. 15A is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a reference signal according to an embodiment.
  • Figure 15B is a schematic diagram of an implementation of generating a DMRS port according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 15B, different OCC codes (such as OCC code 1 and OCC code 2) are carried on two patterned REs to generate different DMRS ports.
  • OCC codes such as OCC code 1 and OCC code 2
  • FIG. 16A is a schematic diagram of another implementation of defining a reference signal according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 16A, the system-defined reference signal occupies 2 OFDM symbols.
  • sparse pilot actually means that each pilot in the pilot set has very few non-zero elements. For example, there are only 1-4 non-zero elements. This can significantly improve the pilot resource overhead without increasing the pilot resource overhead. The number of pilots is increased, thus significantly reducing the probability of pilot collisions.
  • the base station estimates part of the information of the wireless channel from the sparse pilots, but does not need to estimate all the information of the wireless channel from the sparse pilots. The base station will extract channel information from the data symbols, and then use this channel information to complete the equalization of the data symbols.
  • This pilot is only used for spatial combining, but cannot be used for channel equalization. It can be considered as a spatial combining reference signal.
  • the extremely sparse reference signals shown in Figures 14A, 14B, 15A and 15B are all transmitting information
  • the first 1 or 2 symbols of the source but this application does not limit the location of the extremely sparse reference signal.
  • the location of the extremely sparse reference signal can also be in the middle symbol of the transmission resource.
  • the above-mentioned independent multi-pilot technology and extremely sparse pilot technology can also be combined to reduce terminal pilot collisions and increase terminal load.
  • FIG 17 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of an information transmission method provided by an embodiment.
  • W extremely sparse reference signals are included in the transmission of data packets containing location information and timing advance, and the data packets contain information about these W extremely sparse reference signals, for example, these W extremely sparse reference signals are included in the transmission.
  • the index number of the signal In this way, once a terminal's data packet is successfully decoded, the information of all extremely sparse pilots used by this terminal in this transmission can be known, so that the interference of the pilot signal can be eliminated.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of an information transmission device according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 18, the information transmission device can be configured at the first communication node and includes:
  • the acquisition module 310 is configured to acquire the location information of the first communication node and the timing advance of the signal transmission of the first communication node; the transmission module 320 is configured to obtain at least the location information and the timing advance.
  • the data packet is transmitted to the second communication node; wherein the sending time of transmitting the data packet to the second communication node is determined according to the timing advance.
  • the transmission device of this embodiment can avoid the problem of increased power consumption due to repeated interactions with the second communication node by establishing a connection with the second communication node by transmitting the acquired location information of the first communication node. On this basis, by transmitting the timing advance to the second communication node, the second communication node can sense the transmission environment based on the timing advance contained in the transmitted data packet, thereby reducing the base station's sensitivity to data packet transmission. Demodulation difficulty.
  • the broadcast signal of the second communication node includes a downlink synchronization signal or a downlink reference signal.
  • the broadcast signal of the second communication node includes location information of the second communication node.
  • transmitting the data packet containing at least the location information and the timing advance to the second communication node includes: transmitting the data packet at least containing the location information and the timing advance on a predefined public channel. Transmitted to the second communication node
  • the device further includes: a signaling acquisition module configured to acquire target signaling; a resource determination module configured to determine transmission resources configured or defined by the second communication node based on the target signaling, and the transmission resources are provided in The first communication node in the connectionless state transmits a data packet including at least location information and timing advance.
  • the transmission module 320 includes: a selection unit configured to select a time-frequency resource among transmission resources; a transmission unit configured to transmit a data packet including at least location information and timing advance on the time-frequency resource to Second communication node.
  • the transmission module 320 includes: a first determination unit configured to determine W pilots; a first transmission unit configured to transmit the data packet and W pilots together to the second communication node; W is greater than 1.
  • the W pilots are independently unrelated.
  • the W pilots are determined by information in the transmitted data packet.
  • the W pilots are determined by one or more bits in the transmitted data packet.
  • each pilot is from a pilot set containing M pilots, and each pilot is obtained from the pilot set by log2(M) bits in the transmitted data packet. definite.
  • At least 2 pilots among the W pilots are different types of pilot sequences, or are from different pilot sets.
  • the lengths of at least 2 pilots among the W pilots are different.
  • only U symbols in each of the W pilots are non-zero values, and U is greater than 0 and less than 5.
  • W takes a value of 2.
  • the transmission module 320 includes: a second determination unit, configured to determine 1 pilot, only U symbols in the pilot are non-zero values, and U is greater than 0 and less than 5; the second transmission unit is configured to The data packet is transmitted to the second communication node together with 1 pilot.
  • the time interval for data packet transmission is at least greater than the set threshold.
  • the unit of setting the threshold is seconds or minutes.
  • the transmission module 320 includes: a modulation unit configured to perform coding and modulation on a data packet containing at least location information and timing advance, and the modulation symbol formed by the spreading sequence is expanded to obtain an expanded symbol; a third transmission unit , set to transmit the expanded symbols to the second communication node.
  • the spreading sequence is determined from information in the transmitted data packet.
  • the spreading sequence is from a set of V spreading sequences, and the spreading sequence is determined from the set of spreading sequences by using log2(V) bits in the transmitted data packet.
  • the location information includes one or more of the following: location information of the global positioning system; location information of the Beidou positioning system; location information of the cellular positioning system; location information of the positioning system based on positioning tags; positioning based on wireless routers System location information; location based on Bluetooth positioning system Location information; location information based on ultra-wideband positioning system.
  • the data packet containing the location information and the timing advance includes information related to the identity of the first communication node.
  • the data packet containing the location information and timing advance does not include information related to the identity of the first communication node.
  • the information transmission device proposed in this embodiment and the information transmission method proposed in the above embodiments belong to the same concept.
  • Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be referred to any of the above embodiments, and this embodiment has the same features as the information transmission method. Effect.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another information transmission device according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 19, the information transmission device can be configured at the second communication node, including:
  • the determination module 410 is configured to determine the transmission resource; the indication module 420 is configured to indicate the location of the transmission resource to the first communication node through target signaling.
  • the transmission resource for the first communication node to transmit at least includes location information and timing advance. of data packets.
  • the information transmission device of this embodiment can indicate the location of the transmission resource to the first communication node by determining the transmission resource and then defining a target signaling to transmit to the first communication node, so that the first communication node can operate without connection.
  • data packets including at least location information can be transmitted based on the transmission resources, thereby avoiding the problem of increased power consumption caused by the first communication node having to establish a connection with the second communication node for repeated interactions in order to transmit the data packets.
  • the timing advance of signal transmission by the first communication node is determined based on the broadcast signal of the second communication node.
  • the broadcast signal of the second communication node includes a downlink synchronization signal or a downlink reference signal.
  • the broadcast signal of the second communication node includes location information of the second communication node.
  • transmitting a data packet containing at least the location information and the timing advance to a second communication node includes: receiving a data packet transmitted by the first communication node on a predefined public channel and containing at least the location information and the timing advance. Timing advance amount of data packets.
  • the determination module 410 includes: a definition unit configured to define or configure transmission resources.
  • the device further includes: a receiving module configured to receive a data packet transmitted by the first communication node including at least location information and timing advance.
  • data packets are transmitted over a transmission resource.
  • the receiving module includes: a first receiving unit configured to receive the data packet transmitted by the first communication node and W pilots transmitted together with the data packet, where W is greater than 1.
  • the W pilots are independently unrelated.
  • the W pilots are determined by information in the transmitted data packet.
  • the W pilots are determined by one or more bits in the transmitted data packet.
  • each pilot is from a pilot set containing M pilots, and each pilot is obtained from the pilot set by log2(M) bits in the transmitted data packet. definite.
  • At least 2 pilots among the W pilots are different types of pilot sequences, or are from different pilot sets.
  • the lengths of at least 2 pilots among the W pilots are different.
  • only U symbols in each of the W pilots are non-zero values, and U is greater than 0 and less than 5.
  • W takes a value of 2.
  • the time interval for data packet transmission is at least greater than the set threshold.
  • the unit of setting the threshold is seconds or minutes.
  • the device further includes:
  • the second receiving unit is configured to receive the expanded symbol transmitted by the first communication node.
  • the expanded symbol is a symbol after the modulation symbol is expanded by a spreading sequence.
  • the modulation symbol is a data packet that encodes at least location information and timing advance. The symbol obtained after modulation.
  • the spreading sequence is determined from information in the transmitted data packet.
  • the spreading sequence is from a set of V spreading sequences, and the spreading sequence is determined from the set of spreading sequences by log2(V) bits in the transmitted data packet.
  • the location information includes one or more of the following: location information of the global positioning system; location information of the Beidou positioning system; location information of the cellular positioning system; location information of the positioning system based on positioning tags; positioning based on wireless routers System location information; location information based on Bluetooth positioning system; location information based on ultra-wideband positioning system.
  • the receiving module includes: a third receiving unit configured to receive a data packet transmitted by the first communication node and a pilot transmitted together with the data packet.
  • the data packet containing the location information and timing advance includes information related to the first communication node. Click on identity-related information.
  • the data packet containing the location information and timing advance does not include information related to the identity of the first communication node.
  • the information transmission device proposed in this embodiment and the information transmission method proposed in the above embodiments belong to the same concept.
  • Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be referred to any of the above embodiments, and this embodiment has the same features as the information transmission method. Effect.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a communication node provided by an embodiment.
  • the communication node provided by this application includes a storage device 520, a processor 510 and a storage device that is stored on the storage device and can be used on the processor.
  • a running computer program when the processor 510 executes the program, implements the above information transmission method.
  • the communication node may also include a storage device 520; there may be one or more processors 510 in the communication node, and one processor 510 is taken as an example in Figure 20; the storage device 520 is used to store one or more programs; the one Or multiple programs are executed by the one or more processors 510, so that the one or more processors 510 implement the information transmission method as described in the embodiment of this application.
  • the communication node also includes: communication device 530, input device 540 and output device 550.
  • the processor 510, storage device 520, communication device 530, input device 540 and output device 550 in the communication node can be connected through a bus or other means.
  • connection through a bus is taken as an example.
  • the input device 540 may be used to receive input numeric or character information and generate key signal input related to user settings and function control of the communication node.
  • the output device 550 may include a display device such as a display screen.
  • Communication device 530 may include a receiver and a transmitter.
  • the communication device 530 is configured to perform information transceiver communication according to the control of the processor 510 .
  • the storage device 520 can be configured to store software programs, computer-executable programs and modules, such as program instructions/modules corresponding to the information transmission method described in the embodiments of the present application (for example, in the information transmission device The acquisition module 310 and the transmission module 320; or the determination module 410 and the indication module 420 in the information transmission device.).
  • the storage device 520 may include a stored program area and a stored data area, where the stored program area may store an operating system and an application program required for at least one function; the stored data area may store data created according to the use of the communication node, etc.
  • the storage device 520 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device.
  • non-volatile memory such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device.
  • storage 520 may include memory located remotely relative to processor 510 , which remote memory may be Connect to the communication node through the network. Examples of the above-mentioned networks include but are not limited to the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks and combinations thereof.
  • Embodiments of the present application also provide a storage medium.
  • the storage medium stores a computer program.
  • the computer program is executed by a processor, any one of the information transmission methods described in the embodiments of the present application is implemented.
  • the information transmission method applied to a first communication node, includes: obtaining the location information of the first communication node and the timing advance of signal transmission of the first communication node; and at least including the location information and the timing
  • the data packet is transmitted to the second communication node in advance; wherein the sending time of transmitting the data packet to the second communication node is determined according to the timing advance.
  • the information transmission method applied to the second communication node, includes: determining transmission resources; indicating the location of the transmission resources to the first communication node through target signaling.
  • the computer storage medium in the embodiment of the present application may be any combination of one or more computer-readable media.
  • the computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to: an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or device, or any combination thereof.
  • Examples of computer-readable storage media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard drive, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (Read Only) Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, portable CD-ROM, optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above.
  • a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
  • a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave carrying computer-readable program code therein. Such propagated data signals may take many forms, including but not limited to: electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the above.
  • a computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium that can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device .
  • Program code embodied on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wire, optical cable, radio frequency (Radio Frequency, RF), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.
  • any appropriate medium including but not limited to: wireless, wire, optical cable, radio frequency (Radio Frequency, RF), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.
  • Programs for performing the operations of this application may be written in one or more programming languages or a combination thereof.
  • Computer program code including object-oriented programming languages such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and conventional procedural programming languages such as the "C" language or similar programming languages.
  • the program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server.
  • the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any kind of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computer (such as an Internet service provider through the Internet). connect).
  • LAN local area network
  • WAN wide area network
  • Internet service provider such as an Internet service provider through the Internet. connect
  • user terminal covers any suitable type of wireless user equipment, such as a mobile phone, a portable data processing device, a portable web browser or a vehicle-mounted mobile station.
  • the various embodiments of the present application may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof.
  • some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software that may be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, although the application is not limited thereto.
  • Embodiments of the present application may be implemented by a data processor of the mobile device executing computer program instructions, for example in a processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
  • Computer program instructions may be assembly instructions, Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-related instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, or written in any combination of one or more programming languages source code or object code.
  • ISA Instruction Set Architecture
  • Any block diagram of a logic flow in the figures of this application may represent program operations, or may represent interconnected logic circuits, modules, and functions, or may represent a combination of program operations and logic circuits, modules, and functions.
  • Computer programs can be stored on memory.
  • the memory may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as but not limited to Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), optical Memory devices and systems (Digital Video Disc (DVD) or Compact Disk (CD)), etc.
  • Computer-readable media may include non-transitory storage media.
  • the data processor may be any device suitable for the local technical environment Types, such as but not limited to general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), programmable logic devices (Field-Programmable Gate Array) , FPGA) and processors based on multi-core processor architecture.
  • DSP Digital Signal Processing
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
  • processors based on multi-core processor architecture.

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Abstract

本申请提供信息传输方法、通信节点及存储介质。该信息传输方法包括：获取第一通信节点的位置信息以及所述第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量；将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点；其中，将所述数据包传输至所述第二通信节点的发送时间是根据所述定时提前量确定的。

Description

信息传输方法、通信节点及存储介质 技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，例如涉及信息传输方法、通信节点及存储介质。
背景技术
通信感知一体化(Integration of sensing and communication，ISAC)是指通信和感知两个功能融合在一起，使得未来的通信系统同时具有通信和感知两个功能。未来的无线通信系统有ISAC的需求。
另一方面，未来的无线通信系统中一个重要场景是物联网(Internet of Thing，IoT)或海量机器通信(massive Machine Type Communication，mMTC)。而IoT或者mMTC通信场景中，有一类重要的业务是需要获取终端设备(User Equipment，UE)的位置信息的。
为了满足ISAC以及IoT/mMTC的需求需要获得大量的UE的位置信息，若UE发送位置信息将增加UE的功耗，故如何在满足ISAC以及IoT/mMTC需求的前提下，降低UE所应增加的功耗是当前亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供信息传输方法、通信节点及存储介质。
本申请实施例提供了一种信息传输方法，应用于第一通信节点，包括：
获取所述第一通信节点的位置信息以及所述第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量；将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点；其中，将所述数据包传输至所述第二通信节点的发送时间是根据所述定时提前量确定的。
本申请实施例还提供了一种信息传输方法，应用于第二通信节点，包括：
确定传输资源；通过目标信令指示第一通信节点所述传输资源的位置，所述传输资源供第一通信节点传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信节点，包括：
一个或多个处理器；存储装置，用于存储一个或多个程序；当所述一个或多个程序被所述一个或多个处理器执行，使得所述一个或多个处理器实现上述的信息传输方法。
本申请实施例还提供了一种存储介质，计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述的信息传输方法。
附图说明
图1A为一实施例提供的一种获取终端位置信息的实现示意图；
图1B为一实施例提供的一种监测天气状况信息的实现示意图；
图1C为一实施例提供的一种监测沙尘信息的实现示意图；
图2为一实施例提供的一种信息传输方法的流程图；
图3为一实施例提供的另一种信息传输方法的流程图；
图4为一实施例提供的一种基于导频方案传输数据包的实现示意图；
图5A为一实施例提供的一种导频方案的实现示意图；
图5B为一实施例提供的另一种导频方案的实现示意图；
图6A为一实施例提供的一种基于导频传输数据包的实现示意图；
图6B为一实施例提供的另一种基于导频传输数据包的实现示意图；
图7为一实施例提供的又一种导频方案的实现示意图；
图8为一实施例提供的又一种导频方案的实现示意图；
图9A为一实施例提供的又一种导频方案的实现示意图；
图9B为一实施例提供的又一种导频方案的实现示意图；
图10A为一实施例提供的一种定义物理资源块的实现示意图；
图10B为一实施例提供的一种定义解调参考信号的实现示意图；
图10C为一实施例提供的另一种定义解调参考信号的实现示意图；
图11A为一实施例提供的一种采用OCC码定义解调参考信号的实现示意图；
图11B为一实施例提供的另一种采用OCC码定义解调参考信号的实现示意图；
图11C为一实施例提供的又一种采用OCC码的解调参考信号的实现示意图；
图12A为一实施例提供的一种基于PRB传输的实现示意图；
图12B为一实施例提供的又一种定义解调参考信号的实现示意图；
图12C为一实施例提供的又一种定义解调参考信号的实现示意图；
图12D为一实施例提供的又一种定义解调参考信号的实现示意图；
图13A为一实施例提供的一种BPSK符号的示意图；
图13B为一实施例提供的另一种BPSK符号的示意图；
图13C为一实施例提供的又一种BPSK符号的示意图；
图14A为一实施例提供的一种定义参考信号的实现示意图；
图14B为一实施例提供的另一种定义参考信号的实现示意图；
图15A为一实施例提供的又一种定义参考信号的实现示意图；
图15B为一实施例提供的一种生成DMRS端口的实现示意图；
图16A为一实施例提供的又一种定义参考信号的实现示意图；
图16B为一实施例提供的又一种定义参考信号的实现示意图；
图17为一实施例提供的一种信息传输方法的实现示意图；
图18为一实施例提供的一种信息传输装置的结构示意图；
图19为一实施例提供的另一种信息传输装置的结构示意图；
图20为一实施例提供的一种通信节点的硬件结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下文中将结合附图对本申请的实施例进行说明。
在附图的流程图示出的操作可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行。并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在一些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的操作。
本实施例中，未来的无线通信系统可包括如下三个需求：
一、通信感知一体化的需求，例如：通过通信信号去构建高精度的三维环境地图；通过通信信号去探测降雨，沙尘，化学气体浓度等；通过通信信号去检测路况；通过通信信号实现安防功能。
二、通信系统自身性能提升的需求：例如系统实现更容易且更准确的多用户配对和调度、波束赋形、基站节能等。
三、更好地支持IoT/mMTC的需求。
一方面，未来的无线通信系统有ISAC的需求。如果系统能够获得大量终端(即UE)的位置信息，且同时又能够知道这些终端发射的无线信号所经历的信道信息(也就是知道由这些位置发射的电磁波到达基站所经历的信道)，则就 可以利用这些信息(即上述的位置信息和信道信息)去做很多事情，例如：
构建环境地图；实时监测降雨、降雪等天气状况，尤其是暴雨暴雪天气，还可以实时监测沙尘、粉尘、和化学气体等；监测人流量、车流量等，以用于辅助交通，也可以作为辅助公共治理的信息；感知一个地方终端数量，进而通过通信信号实现安防功能；基站节能、负载均衡等。
未来的无线通信系统也有更好地支持IoT/mMTC的需求，如果系统能够获得大量终端的位置信息，则就可以提供更好的物联网服务，例如资产跟踪，物流管理，小孩/老人/宠物防走失服务等。
在使用本申请各实施例公开的技术方案之前，均应当依据相关法律法规通过恰当的方式对本申请所涉及个人信息的类型、使用范围以及使用场景等告知用户，不能够在获得用户的授权之前使用这些数据。即本申请技术方案中对数据的获取、存储、使用、处理等均符合国家法律法规的相关规定。如本申请中对终端位置信息的获取、存储、使用、处理等均符合国家法律法规的相关规定。
图1A为一实施例提供的一种获取终端位置信息的实现示意图。如图1A所示，1表示基站，2表示建筑物，3表示终端，基站1能够获取大量处于不同位置(如位置1、位置2、…、位置K)的终端3的位置信息，同时又能够获取到这些终端3发射的无线信号所经历的信道信息(如信道1、信道2、…、信道K)。
图1B为一实施例提供的一种监测天气状况信息的实现示意图。如图1B所示，4表示雨雪；通过终端3的位置信息可以感知到对应的雨雪天气情况。
图1C为一实施例提供的一种监测沙尘信息的实现示意图。如图1C所示，5表示沙尘；通过终端3的位置信息可以感知对应的沙尘情况。
但是，要求终端发射自己的位置信息，会增加终端的功耗。因此，大部分私人用户的终端可能会抵触“发射自己的位置信息”这个要求。例如，如果“发射自己的位置信息”这个功能是可选的话，很多用户会关闭这个功能。或者会导致有些终端会以不发射位置信息来作为吸引用户的点。这些抵触会使得可以提供位置信息的终端数量大大减少，最终使得依赖“位置信息及其对应无线信道信息(无线信道信息即终端发射的无线信号所经历的信道信息)”的相关方案的性能下降。
在本实施例中，相关上行信息传输或上行数据传输，首先要求终端(即UE)是处于连接态(Connected state)的，连接态也可称为无线资源控制(Radio Resource Control，RRC)连接态。但处于连接态的终端通常还没有专用的上行传输资源，所以处于连接态的终端每次传输数据前还需要先向基站申请上行传输资源，获得基站的上行资源授权(Grant)后，才能在基站指定的时频资源上 传输信息。可见，终端要完成一次相关上行数据传输，需要事先完成很多操作。如果要求终端沿用相关上行数据传输机制来发射位置信息，无疑会增加终端发射位置信息的功耗，也会增加系统的信令开销。分析如下：
首先，终端为了省电，传输位置信息的频率是很低的：通常是数秒、数十秒、甚至数分钟才会传输一次位置信息。那么在无需传输位置信息，也没有其他业务时，终端为了省电通常都会处于深度睡眠的空闲态(Idle state)或非激活态(Inactive state)，也即终端为了省电，通常都不会进入连接态的(也即不会是处于连接态的)。因为终端接入连接态或者维持连接态，都需要有一些操作，这会增加终端的功耗，而处于无连接态，也即空闲态或非激活态的终端，则无需这些操作，因此可以省电。
也就是说终端在无需传输位置信息，也没有其他业务时，通常都是与系统没有连接的(即断开连接的)，即处于无连接态(Non Connected state，或Non RRC Connected state，或Connectionless state，或Connection-free state，或Disconnected state等均可表示无连接态)，这时系统里没有终端的上下文。本实施例中，空闲态(Idle state)或非激活态(Inactive state)可认为是与无连接态等价的，或者说空闲态(Idle state)或非激活态(Inactive state)也可认为是一种无连接态。
当终端原来处于无连接态(即还没有进入连接态，或者还没有与系统建立起连接)，如果沿用相关的上行数据传输方案，为了传输位置信息，终端必须在传输前与系统建立连接；在进入连接态(也可称激活态(Active state))后，终端才能去向系统(如基站或接入点)申请上行传输资源；等到获得系统的资源授权或资源调度后才能进行真正的位置信息传输。而终端从无连接态进入连接态需要一个随机接入过程；这个随机接入过程需要终端与基站进行多次交互流程：终端发送前导(Preamble)、基站作出随机接入响应(Radom Access Response，RAR)、终端发送第二层(Layer2，L2)或第三层(Layer3，L3)控制信息，和基站消息4(Message4)的发送，这无疑会大大增加终端每次位置信息传输的功耗。
沿用上述相关的上行数据传输方案的话，如果需要发射位置信息的终端数量比较多，大量终端传输位置信息前都需要进入连接态的话，就会有大量终端进行随机接入过程，然后上行资源授权申请。大量终端意味着随机接入过程本身很大概率会发生碰撞或阻塞，导致很多终端需要多次接入尝试才能成功，最终结果是，终端为了完成位置信息传输这一任务，所消耗的能量和信令增加。可见，上述相关的上行数据传输方案并不适合大量终端传输位置信息这个应用场景。
本实施例中，相关上行数据传输还有一种方式可以是半持续式调度 (Semi-Persistent Scheduling，SPS)，目的是降低小数据分组业务的物理控制信令开销和时延，十分适用于周期性的业务，如网络电话(Voice-over-IP，VoIP)。VoIP在连续通话(Talk Spurt)时的数据速率基本恒定，每20毫秒(即ms)产生一个语音包。每个连续通话的时间平均在1-2s，包含50-100个语音包，其间的小尺度衰落通过闭环的功率控制来补偿，以保证接收侧信号的信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio，SNR)基本恒定。因此，在此段时间内的调制编码方式(Modulation and Coding Scheme，MCS)可以保持不变，所分配的物理资源或者不变，或者根据固定的规则跳变，因此，无须动态信令。SPS可以看成是半静态配置的一种增强形式，主要用于周期性的、包大小恒定的小包业务。SPS一般工作在连接态(RRC Connected)，即终端已经完成初始接入过程。尽管调度的频次远远低于数据分组到达的频率，但基本都是非竞争式的，不同用户不会发生资源的碰撞，例如不会发生参考信号/导频的碰撞。在第五代移动通信技术(5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology，5G)系统中，演进的SPS可以用于超可靠低延迟通信(Ultra Reliableand Low Latency Communication，URLLC)的场景，一方面保证高可靠，另一方面降低用户面的时延。此时的SPS也可被称为配置授权(Configured Grant)，即预配置的资源授权。Configured Grant也被算作一种特殊的免授权方式或免调度方式，因为其可以免去每次数据传输的“动态的授权申请”或“动态的调度申请”，所以实质是“免动态授权”或“免动态调度”。这种SPS式“免动态调度”，不同用户的传输资源实质上还是基站预配置的，并不是用户通过“竞争式”获取的，因而可以说是“非竞争的”。其中最重要的一点是：对于此类非竞争式的免调度，参考信号通常是通过基站的预配置来避免“碰撞”的，例如，可以通过基站的预配置来保证在相同时频资源上传输的用户的参考信号是正交的。
虽然SPS或者Configured Grant这样的预配置的免调度可以降低上行传输的物理控制信令的开销，但是如果沿用SPS方式来实现大量用户的位置信息上报，系统的频谱效率依然很低的。这是因为：如果终端在一个小区申请了一段时间的周期性传输资源，但终端在此过程中发生了越区切换，则就需要向进入的小区申请一份新的预配置的传输资源，同时告诉离开的小区释放自己的预配置资源。终端向新进入的小区重新申请一份传输资源是一个较复杂的过程，通常也需要在新进入的小区进行一个随机接入过程，这会增加终端的功耗和系统的信令开销。而在传输位置信息这个场景中，终端为了省电，发射位置信息的频率不会过于频繁，即间隔较长时间才发一次。所以为了提高效率，预配置资源的间隔通常会比较长，这意味着越区切换造成的不利影响会增加，这会降低系统的频谱效率，增加系统的复杂度。就算是固定不同的终端或节点，但长时间内，终端或节点的周围环境是很容易发生变化的，这也会影响越区切换，尤其是处 于小区较边缘的终端或节点。
在上述实施例的基础上，可以看出，虽然SPS预配置机制也能实现免授权传输或免调度传输，但是，并不适合大量终端传输位置信息这个应用场景。
另一方面，在无线通信系统中，例如长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)或者新空口(New Radio，NR)系统，上行传输的一个重要特征是不同终端发射的信号到达基站的时间基本上是对齐的，或者说同步的。准确来说，基站会要求不同UE的信号到达基站的时间都在正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM)符号的循环前缀(Cyclic Prefix，CP)的范围内。但由于不同终端在地理位置上分布是不同的，有些终端离基站比较近，有些终端离基站比较远，因此不同终端发射的信号到达基站的传输延迟是不同的。对于离基站较远的终端，其发射的无线信号到达基站时会有较大的传输延迟。在无线通信系统中，基站可以要求不同UE的信号到达基站的延迟都在OFDM符号的CP范围内，这需要不同的终端对其发射信号有一个不同的提前量。因此，在本申请中，无线通信系统可以采用上行定时提前(Uplink Timing Advance，UTA)的机制。
相关上行定时提前机制如下：
a)终端先发送一个信号；b)基站通过这个信号估计出其传输时延，进而估计得到一个定时提前(Timing Advance，TA)量，也就是TA量；c)然后基站将TA量通过一个信令通知终端，这个信令通常可称为定时提前命令(Timing Advance Command，TAC)；d)最后终端给基站传输数据包时，会按照这个TA量来确定数据包对应信号的发送时间。也就是说，终端会按照这个TA值将信号的发送时间提前一些，也就是提前量等于基站指示这个TA值；这样就可以使得信号经过传输延迟到达基站是没有延迟的。
在上述相关上行定时提前方法中，终端为了获得信号发送的定时提前量，需要经过一系列交互过程。但是，无连接状态下的传输，终端在传输前没有发送任何信号，这样基站就不能通过测量终端的发送信号来确定其对应的定时提前量，因而也就无法给终端发送定时提前命令。可见沿用相关上行定时提前方法，无连接状态下传输的终端是没有办法获得定时提前量的，因此终端数据包的传输有较大的传输延迟，这会使得基站的解调难度大大增加，如是因为基站需要估计出不同终端信号的不同传输延迟，然后才能做出正确的补偿，进而才能对信号进行解调译码。
因此，本申请提出一种信息传输方法，能够通过终端生成并发射一个特定的信号(即无连接状态下至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包)来确定信号的传输延迟以降低无连接状态下数据传输的基站解调难度，实现对传输环境 的感知；本申请直接发送至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包能够降低第一通信节点与第二通信节点反复交互以确定传输资源以及TA量所带来的能耗，极大缓解终端发射位置信息所带来的功耗问题，在降低能耗的前提下，可以使得第二通信节点能够获得更多第一通信节点传输的至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，满足了上述ISAC和IoT/mMTC的需求，减少用户对发射位置信息会带来功耗的顾虑；最终可以使得“发射自己的位置信息”这个功能成为终端的必选功能，或者可以成为终端的一个义务或强制的功能：即每个终端入网认证时，需要带这个功能才能通过认证，并且这个功能不能关闭，防止终端通过认证后再关闭这个功能。这样可以大大增加可以提供位置信息的终端数量，从而提升基于“位置信息”或者基于“位置信息及其对应无线信道信息”的各种方案的性能。
为解决上述技术问题，图2为一实施例提供的一种信息传输方法的流程图，如图2所示，本实施例提供的方法可应用于第一通信节点(如UE)，包括S110和S120。
S110、获取第一通信节点的位置信息以及所述第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量。
本实施例中，第一通信节点可认为是终端设备(即UE)。位置信息可理解为表征第一通信节点当前所处位置(如通常是地理位置)的信息。第一通信节点可以获取自身当前所处的位置信息。此处对如何获取第一通信节点的位置信息不作限定，例如，第一通信节点可以通过自身设置的定位模块等来实现当前所处位置信息的定位获取；也可以是第一通信节点从其他地方接收到的，如基站将计算好的第一通信节点的位置信息传输给第一通信节点，第一通信节点接收这个位置信息。
本实施例对如何获取第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量不作限定。如可以是第一通信节点自主确定信号发送的定时提前量，可以是第一通信节点根据第二通信节点所广播的信号中所包含的相关信息确定自身信号发送的定时提前量。
S120、将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点。
本实施例中，数据包可理解为通信过程中用于传输数据的数据单位，数据包中包含有所要传输的数据。
由于TA量(即定时提前量)是终端自主确定的，基站即使将终端的信号解 调译码正确后，即解码出终端传输的数据包，也无法得知终端对信号发送所做的定时提前量，这样就无法知道终端信号传输所经历的传输时延，也就不能通过终端信号来实现传输环境的感知了。因此，第一通信节点(即终端)可以将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点(即基站)。这样基站可以将一个终端的数据包解调译码正确后，就可以得到这个终端对其信号提前发送的定时提前量。基站可以根据接收到的终端信号进行多径信道的估计，这样基站就可以将终端信号发送的定时提前量和其终端经历的多径信道结合起来，从而得到终端发出的无线信号到达基站的所有路径的真正传输时延，在此基础上可以根据这些路径的传输时延计算出信号的传输距离，从而实现传输环境的感知
将数据包传输至第二通信节点的发送时间可以是根据定时提前量确定的。此处对如何根据定时提前量确定发送时间不作限定。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息的数据包中还可以包括第一通信节点对应的身份相关信息，也可以不包括第一通信节点对应的身份相关信息，该身份相关信息可理解为表征第一通信节点身份的信息，身份相关信息可以唯一标识第一通信节点，可以认为是第一通信节点的标签。本申请中对身份相关信息的获取、存储、使用、处理等均符合国家法律法规的相关规定。
在一实施例中，为了节省终端(即第一通信节点)的功耗，以及为了降低无连接状态下数据传输的基站解调难度，第一通信节点可以在无连接状态下，将至少包含位置信息的数据包传输至第二通信节点。其中，无连接状态可认为是上述中的无连接态，无连接状态也可称为空闲态、或非激活态。此处对如何将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点不作限定，如可以是通过接收第二通信节点传输的指示传输资源位置的信令，以基于所指示传输资源中的时频资源来传输数据包。
在无连接状态下传输第一通信节点的位置信息，第一通信节点可以无需事先建立与第二通信节点之间的连接，也无需请求第二通信节点给第一通信节点分配用于上行传输数据的专用资源，避免了第一通信节点建立连接的功耗；并且在位置信息传输完成后，由于是无连接状态下的传输，此时第一通信节点也无需进行相应连接的释放操作，又避免了功耗的增加。因此本实施例，通过在无连接状态下将所获取的第一通信节点的位置信息传输至对应的第二通信节点，能够避免由于建立与第二通信节点的连接进行反复交互而造成功耗增加的问题。
在此基础上，第一通信节点还通过将自主确定的定时提前量放到传输数据包中，能够使得基站将一个终端的数据包解调译码正确后，得到传输的数据包 中所包含的定时提前量。基站可以根据接收到的终端信号进行多径信道的估计，这样基站就可以将终端信号发送的定时提前量和其终端经历的多径信道结合起来，从而得到终端发出的无线信号到达基站的所有路径的真正传输时延，在此基础上可以根据这些路径的传输时延计算出信号的传输距离，从而实现传输环境的感知。
在一实施例中，终端对信号提前发送的定时提前量可以是一个数值，定时提前量可以用一个或多个比特来表示。例如可以将0至最大的定时提前量(如设为TAmax)这段时间分成2^D(即2的D次方)份，这样介于其中的一个定时提前量就可以用D个比特来表示，也就是说，终端自主确定的定时提前量可以是2^D个值中的一个。终端可以根据确定的定时提前量将信号提前发送出去，并且可将这个定时提前量对应的D个比特放到数据包中一起编码调制，然后传输给基站。这样基站将一个终端的数据包解调译码正确后，通过定时提前量对应的D个比特，就可以得到这个终端对其信号提前发送所确定的定时提前量。
在一实施例中，第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量，是基于第二通信节点的广播信号确定的。
本实施例中，终端(即第一通信节点)可以通过基站(即第二通信节点)广播的信号来确定终端的信号发送的定时提前量，此处对如何基于广播信号确定定时提前量不作限定。例如基站可以广播基站对应的位置信息，然后终端可以根据基站的位置信息以及自身的位置信息，计算出两者之间的距离，进而根据该两者之间的距离来确定终端信号的传输时延(即传输延迟)，从而确定终端传输信号所需的定时提前量。
在一实施例中，第二通信节点的广播信号包括下行同步信号或者下行参考信号。
本实施例中，第二通信节点的广播信号可以包括下行同步信号或者下行参考信号。例如，基站广播下行同步信号或者下行参考信号，终端可以计算出下行同步信号或者下行参考信号的强度，通过信号的强弱来估算一个TA量。终端自主确定TA量(即终端根据下行同步信号或者下行参考信号的强弱所估算的TA量)后，就可以根据TA量对传输信号提前发射，也就是说，终端信号提前发射的提前量等于其自主确定的TA量。
在一实施例中，第二通信节点的广播信号包含第二通信节点的位置信息。
本实施例中，第二通信节点的广播信号可以包含第二通信节点的位置信息。如基站可以广播基站对应的位置信息，然后终端可以根据基站的位置信息以及自身的位置信息，计算出两者之间的距离，进而根据该两者之间的距离来确定 终端信号的传输时延(即传输延迟)，从而确定终端传输信号所需的定时提前量。
在一实施例中，将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：在预先定义的公共信道上将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点。
本实施例中，第一通信节点可以直接在预先定义的公共信道上将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点。该预先定义的公共信道可认为是无线通信系统预先定义好的，无需专用的或者特定终端(即UE-specific)的信令进行通知。
在一实施例中，所述方法还包括：获取目标信令；基于目标信令确定第二通信节点配置或定义的传输资源，传输资源供第一通信节点传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
本实施例中，目标信令可理解为用于配置或者定义传输资源的位置的信令，其中传输资源可理解为用于供第一通信节点(如可以是处于无连接状态的第一通信节点)传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包的公共时频资源，即可理解为传输资源可包含多个时频资源。
传输资源可以是第二通信节点定义或配置的一个公共资源，目标信令可以是第二通信节点定义的一个广播信令，以用于指示该传输资源的位置。在此基础上，第一通信节点可以获取第二通信节点所传输的目标信令，并基于该目标信令确定第二通信节点配置或定义的传输资源。
在一实施例中，将至少包含位置信息的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：在传输资源中选择时频资源；在时频资源上将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点。
本实施例中，第一通信节点在传输资源中选择一个时频资源，以用于在该时频资源上将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至对应的第二通信节点。此处对第一通信节点如何在传输资源中选择时频资源不作限定，如可以是第一通信节点根据实际需求从传输资源中自己指定一个时频资源用于位置信息和定时提前量的传输。
在一实施例中，将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：确定W个导频；将数据包和W个导频一起传输至第二通信节点；W大于1。
本实施例中，无线通信通常需要在传输信号或传输的数据包中插入导频(Pilot)，以便于接收机(即第二通信节点)先通过导频来估计传输信号或数据 包所经历的信道和时频偏，进而实现对数据包中的数据符号的解调。传输信号或传输数据包中包含的导频，也可以称为导频信号，或参考信号(Reference Signal，RS)，或解调参考信号(Demodulation Reference Signal，DMRS)；从形式上看，导频通常是一条序列或一串符号，所以导频也可称为导频序列。
在将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点的过程中，第一通信节点可以先确定W个导频(W大于1，即可理解为先确定至少两个导频)，在此基础上可以将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包和该W个导频一起传输至对应的第二通信节点。此处对导频不作限定，如可以是极稀疏导频。在传输数据包和W个导频时，导频的位置可以是包含在数据包中(如可在数据包的中间)，也可以是在数据包外面(如可以在数据包的前面或后面)，此处对此不作限定。
本实施例对如何确定W个导频也不作限定，如可以是第一通信节点自主选择的导频或自主生成的导频。
示例性的，在无连接状态下，第一通信节点(例如终端)将至少包含第一通信节点的位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点。这种情况下，由于第一通信节点传输时还没有进入连接状态，也就没办法获得第二通信节点(例如基站或接入点)指定的导频，所以传输数据包时所使用的导频可以是第一通信节点自主选择的或产生的。其中，选择导频可以是指第一通信节点在一个预设的导频集合或者导频集合里选择导频；而产生导频可以是指第一通信节点按照预设的规则或公式来产生导频。其实这里的按照预设规则或公式产生的所有导频也构成了一个预设的导频集合或者导频集合，所以可理解的是，按照预设的规则或公式来产生导频，也相当于在一个预设的导频集合里选择导频，两者可以说是等价的；在后续实施例中，以在一个预设的导频集合里选择导频进行示例性说明。可见，自主选择导频可以是指无需第二通信节点(例如基站或接入点)的信令指示或安排，终端(即第一通信节点)可以自己决定如何从预设的导频集合里选择导频，以在无连接状态下确定传输的导频。不然，如果终端传输所需的导频是需要基站(即第二通信节点)指示或安排的，则终端传输前就需要先获得基站下发的用于指示导频的信令，这样数据包的传输就需要终端先和基站获得连接，因此就需要建立连接的一系列过程，也就存在相关连接下传输的所有问题。所以，终端在无连接状态下将至少包含终端位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至基站或接入点，传输中包含的导频可以是终端自主选择的，也就是终端自主决定的。
在一实施例中，W个导频是独立无关的。
本实施例中，所确定的W个导频是独立无关的，即可理解为W个导频之间 是互相无关联的，或者是互相不相关的。所确定的W个导频是独立无关，意味着基站就算知道其中一个导频后，还是不能从这个导频推断出其他W-1个导频。
在一实施例中，W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的信息确定的。
本实施例中，W个导频可以是通过一起传输的数据包中的信息确定的。此处对如何通过传输的数据包中的信息确定W个导频不作限定；例如，传输的数据包中的信息在位置信息和定时提前量之外还可以包含确定W个导频的信息，例如这W个导频在导频集合中的索引号或产生导频的初始状态等信息，或者传输的数据包中的信息复用指示W个导频在导频集合中的索引号或产生导频的初始状态等信息。根据W个导频在导频集合中的索引号或产生导频的初始状态等信息，可以确定对应的W个导频。通过将确定W个导频的相关信息包含在传输的数据包中，以通过数据包所包含的相关信息确定W个导频，能够避免在传输过程中还需要额外增加一个用于指示W个导频的信息。该相关信息可以是数据包中原有的信息，该信息复用于指示W个导频的索引号或产生导频的初始状态等标识导频的信息。这样，一旦一个终端的数据包译码成功后，就可以知道这个终端这次传输中使用的所有导频的信息，进而可以重构出所有导频，从而可以进行导频信号的干扰消除。
在一实施例中，W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的一个或多个比特确定的。
本实施例中，确定每条导频序列需要一个或多个比特，这些比特可以是传输的数据包中的原有的比特，也就是传输数据包中原有的比特复用于指示W个导频的索引号或产生导频的初始状态等标识导频的信息。例如可以用表示位置信息的比特来指示W个导频的索引号或产生导频的初始状态等标识导频的信息。在此基础上，确定W个导频可以通过传输的数据包中的一个或多个比特确定；每个导频可以通过一个或多个比特确定。此处对如何通过传输的数据包中的一个或多个比特确定W个导频不作限定，如可以将每个导频对应的一个或多个比特作为索引从导频集合中选择对应的一个导频。
由于W个导频之间是独立无关的，所以每个导频所需的比特也是独立无关的。或者说，如果传输数据包的比特之间原本就是独立无关的，所以只需用传输数据包中的不同比特去确定不同的导频，这样产生的W个导频之间就是独立无关的。
在一实施例中，每个导频都是来自一个包含M个导频的导频集合的，每一个导频是通过传输的数据包中的log2(M)个比特从所述导频集合中确定的。
本实施例中，log函数是以幂(真数)为自变量，指数为因变量，底数为常量的函数，又称对数函数。log2(M)可理解为以2为底数的M的对数，例如，若 M为8，则log2(M)为3，若M为64，则log2(M)为6。每个导频都是来自一个包含M个导频的导频集合的，此处对M的数值不作限定，可根据实际需求设定。每一个导频都可以通过传输的数据包中的log2(M)个比特从对应的导频集合中确定。
在一实施例中，W个导频中至少有2个导频是不同类型的导频序列，或者是来自不同的导频集合。
例如有一种情况传输中包含一个前导(Preamble)，和一个解调参考信号(DMRS)，这两个导频之间是独立无关的，而且传输中的前导来自于前导序列集合，解调参考信号则来自于DMRS集合。
在一实施例中，W个导频中至少有2个导频的长度是不同的。
在一实施例中，W个导频中每个导频中只有U个符号是非零值，U是大于0且小于5。
本实施例中，符号是非零值即可理解为非零符号，非零符号也可称为非零信号、或有用信号等。W个导频中每个导频中U个符号是非零值，其中，U是大于0且小于5。本实施例中的导频可以认为是极稀疏导频。极稀疏导频可以认为是比传统稀疏导频更加稀疏的导频。因为传统稀疏导频还是需要在整个传输带宽以及时间内都有参考信号，也就是还是需要铺满整个传输带宽以及时间，这样才能利用其中的参考信号估计出整个传输带宽内的无线多径信道(也即频率选择性信道)以及传输时间内的时偏和频偏，只是稀疏导频的参考信号的间隔会比较大，也即是比较稀疏而已。可见传统稀疏导频的任务或责任其实和非稀疏导频是一样的：都需要依赖其中的参考信号去估计整个传输信道的频选信道以及时频偏，所以其中参考信号虽然可以稀疏一点，还是需要一定的密度，即需要铺满整个传输带宽以及时间。相对的，极稀疏导频，可认为是导频集合里的每个导频在整个传输带宽以及时间内是最稀疏的，这是由于极稀疏导频的在信道估计方面的任务是只需估计一处的信道值，所以一个极稀疏导频可以只有一处在时域及频域上相邻的符号。例如，一个极稀疏导频可以只有一个非零元素(即非零符号)，或者一个极稀疏导频可以只有一个相邻的非零元素对，即2个相邻的非零元素，或者一个极稀疏导频可以只有一组相邻的4个非零元素。
在一实施例中，W取值为2。
本实施例中，可以确定2个导频。将至少包含位置信息以及定时提前量的数据包和2个导频一起传输至第二通信节点。
在一实施例中，将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通 信节点，包括：确定1个导频，导频中U个符号是非零值，U大于0且小于5；将数据包和1个导频一起传输至第二通信节点。
本实施例中，导频可认为是指极稀疏导频。
在将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点的过程中，第一通信节点可以先确定一个导频，该导频中只有U个符号是非零值，其中U大于0且小于5。此处对如何确定一个导频不作限定，如可以是自主选择的或生产的。在此基础上可以将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，以及该1个导频一起传输至对应的第二通信节点。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输的时间间隔至少大于设定阈值。
本实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输的时间间隔可理解为数据包传输的频率。设定阈值可理解为预先设定的时间间隔阈值，此处对设定阈值的数值不作限定，例如设定阈值可以是数十秒、数分钟、或者一个小时等。
为了节省第一通信节点的功耗，可以使得数据包的传输频率不要过于频繁，故可以设置数据包传输的时间间隔至少大于设定阈值。
在一实施例中，设定阈值的单位为秒或分钟。
在一实施例中，将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包进行编码调制形成的调制符号通过扩展序列扩展，得到扩展后符号；将扩展后符号传输至第二通信节点。
本实施例中，由于基站(即第二通信节点)可能会在相同时频资源上收到大量不同终端(即第一通信节点)发送的至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，这些大量的数据包的传输是竞争的，从而可能会造成资源碰撞的问题。为解决上述问题，可以优化数据包的调制性能，如可以先将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包进行编码调制，形成对应的调制符号；然后将每个调制符号通过扩展序列扩展得到扩展后符号，如可以通过一条长度L的扩展序列将每个调制符号扩展成一个长度L的符号，此处对如何扩展不作限定；例如，设扩展前的第n个调制符号是sn，L长扩展序列是[c1,c2,...cL]，将sn进行扩展可以是将sn与扩展序列的每个元素进行相乘，得到扩展后的L个符号，即[sn*c1,sn*c2,...,sn*cL]。最后可以将扩展后符号传输至对应的第二通信节点。
在一实施例中，扩展序列通过传输的数据包中的信息确定。
本实施例中，扩展序列可以是通过一起传输的数据包中的信息确定的。此 处对如何通过传输的数据包中的信息确定扩展序列不作限定；例如，传输的数据包中的信息在位置信息和定时提前量之外还可以包含扩展序列、或用于指示扩展序列的相关信息等；又如传输的数据包中的信息复用指示扩展序列、或用于指示扩展序列的相关信息等，这样可以不需要额外增加指示扩展序列相关的信息；根据扩展序列、或用于指示扩展序列的相关信息等信息，可以确定对应的扩展序列。
本申请中对至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中所包括的内容不作限定，只要能够包括位置信息和定时提前量即可。本申请中导频和扩展序列的确定可以是通过数据包中存在的信息复用指示。即数据包中信息除了表征本身的含义外，还额外用于确定导频和扩展序列。
数据包中确定导频和扩展序列的信息所包括的比特数可以相同也可以不同。数据包中确定导频和扩展序列的信息所在数据包中的位置可以相同也可以不同。
在一实施例中，扩展序列来自一个包含V个扩展序列的集合，扩展序列是通过传输的数据包中的log2(V)个比特从扩展序列的集合中确定的。
本实施例中，log2(V)可理解为以2为底数的V的对数，例如，若V为8，则log2(V)为3。扩展序列来自一个包含V个扩展序列的集合，此处对V的数值不作限定，可根据实际需求设定。扩展序列可以通过传输的数据包中的log2(V)个比特从对应扩展序列的集合中确定。此处对如何通过传输的数据包中的log2(V)个比特从扩展序列的集合中确定扩展序列不作限定。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中不包括与第一通信节点身份相关的信息。
身份相关的信息可以认为是能够唯一标识第一通信节点的信息。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中包括与第一通信节点身份相关的信息。
在一实施例中，位置信息包括如下一个或多个：
全球定位系统的位置信息；北斗定位系统的位置信息；蜂窝定位系统的位置信息；基于定位标签的定位系统的位置信息；基于无线路由器(WIFI路由器)定位系统的位置信息；基于蓝牙定位系统的位置信息；基于超宽带定位系统的位置信息。
全球定位系统的位置信息可理解为通过全球定位系统确定的第一通信节点的位置信息。北斗定位系统的位置信息可理解为通过北斗定位系统确定的第一通信节点的位置信息。蜂窝定位系统的位置信息可理解为通过蜂窝定位系统确定的第一通信节点的位置信息，蜂窝定位系统可以是采用蜂窝网络技术的定位 系统。
基于定位标签的定位系统的位置信息可理解为基于定位标签的定位系统所确定的第一通信节点的位置信息。定位标签，例如基于射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification，RFID)技术的定位标签或者基于背散射技术的定位标签，可理解为预先设定的用于辅助第一通信节点定位的标签，如可以通过第一通信节点与定位标签之间的通信时间或距离等信息来确定第一通信节点的位置信息。
基于无线路由器定位系统的位置信息可理解为通过无线路由器的相关信息确定的第一通信节点的位置信息。因为WIFI路由器的位置系统是可以知道的，所以一旦收到终端上报的其看到的WIFI路由器的信息，就可以推测终端所处的位置信息。基于蓝牙定位系统的位置信息可理解为通过蓝牙接入点确定的第一通信节点的位置信息。
基于超宽带定位系统的位置信息可理解为通过超宽带技术接入点确定的第一通信节点的位置信息。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中还包含与第一通信节点身份相关的信息。这样的方案可以应用于基于位置信息的物联网应用，例如资产跟踪，物流管理，老人/小孩/宠物防丢失等。这种应用场景下，位置信息的获取和利用，通常需要事先获得用户的允许的。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中不包括与第一通信节点身份相关的信息。这样的方案可以应用于基于位置信息的环境感知应用，这种应用只需知道由一些位置发射的电磁波信号到达基站所经历的信道，并不需要知道电磁波信号是谁发射的。包含位置信息的数据包中不包括与第一通信节点身份相关的信息有一个重要的优点：可以避免隐私或伦理问题。相反，如果包含位置信息的数据包中还包括与第一通信节点身份相关的信息，则会存在一系列隐私或伦理问题。大部分私人用户的终端可能会因此不想让别人知道自己在哪这个信息，而抵触“发射自己的位置信息”这个要求。例如，如果“发射自己的位置信息”这个功能是可选的话，很多用户会关闭这个功能。或者会导致有些终端会以不发射位置信息来作为吸引用户的点。这些抵触会使得可以提供位置信息的终端数量大大减少，最终使得依赖“位置及其对应无线信道信息”的相关方案的性能下降。
因此，本实施例可以避免终端发射位置信息所带来的隐私或伦理问题，减少用户的顾虑；因而可以大大增加可以提供位置信息的终端数量，从而提升基于“位置及其对应无线信道信息”的各种方案的性能。
图3为一实施例提供的另一种信息传输方法的流程图，如图3所示，本实施例提供的方法可应用于第二通信节点(如基站)，包括S210和S220。未在本实施例中详尽描述的技术细节可参见上述任意实施例。
S210、确定传输资源。
S220、通过目标信令指示第一通信节点所述传输资源的位置，所述传输资源供第一通信节点传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
本实施例中，传输资源可理解为用于供处于无连接状态的第一通信节点传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包的公共时频资源。此处对如何确定传输资源不作限定，例如，可以是第二通信节点定义或配置的一个公共信道，用于处于无连接状态的第一通信节点在这个公共信道上传输其对应的位置信息。
目标信令可理解为用于配置或者定义传输资源的位置的信令，通过目标信令可以指示第一通信节点传输资源的位置。目标信令可以是第二通信节点定义的一个广播信令。
本实施例通过确定传输资源，然后又通过定义一个目标信令传输至第一通信节点，能够为第一通信节点指示该传输资源的位置，以使得第一通信节点在无连接状态下可以基于该传输资源传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，避免了由于第一通信节点为传输数据包要建立与第二通信节点的连接进行反复交互而造成功耗增加的问题。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中包括与第一通信节点身份相关的信息。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中不包括与第一通信节点身份相关的信息。
在一实施例中，第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量，是基于第二通信节点的广播信号确定的。
在一实施例中，第二通信节点的广播信号包括下行同步信号或者下行参考信号。
在一实施例中，第二通信节点的广播信号包含第二通信节点的位置信息。
在一实施例中，将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：在预先定义的公共信道上接收第一通信节点传输的至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包。
在一实施例中，确定传输资源，包括：定义或配置传输资源。
本实施例中，第二通信节点可以通过定义或配置一个公共资源来作为传输 资源。定义或配置的传输资源可以供多个第一通信节点，在无连接状态下传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
在一实施例中，所述方法还包括：接收第一通信节点传输的至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
本实施例中，第一通信节点根据第二通信节点传输的目标信令确定传输资源，在传输资源中选择时频资源，在时频资源上将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点。第二通信节点接收第一通信节点传输的至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
在一实施例中，数据包在传输资源上传输。
在一实施例中，接收第一通信节点传输的至少包含位置信息的数据包，包括：接收第一通信节点传输的数据包和与数据包一起传输的W个导频，W大于1。
本实施例中，第一通信节点获取对应的位置信息和定时提前量，并确定W个导频，将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，以及W个导频一起传输至第二通信节点。第二通信节点接收第一通信节点传输的至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，以及与数据包一起传输的W个导频。
在一实施例中，W个导频是独立无关的。
在一实施例中，W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的信息确定的。
在一实施例中，W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的一个或多个比特确定的。
在一实施例中，每个导频都是来自一个包含M个导频的导频集合的，每一个导频是通过传输的数据包中的log2(M)个比特从所述导频集合中确定的。
在一实施例中，W个导频中至少有2个导频是不同类型的导频序列，或者是来自不同的导频集合。
在一实施例中，W个导频中至少有2个导频的长度是不同的。
在一实施例中，W个导频中每个导频中只有U个符号是非零值，U是大于0且小于5。
在一实施例中，W取值为2。
在一实施例中，接收第一通信节点传输的至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，包括：
接收第一通信节点传输的数据包和与数据包一起传输的1个导频。
在一实施例中，数据包传输的时间间隔至少大于设定阈值。
在一实施例中，设定阈值的单位为秒或分钟。
在一实施例中，所述方法还包括：接收第一通信节点传输的扩展后符号，扩展后符号为通过扩展序列对调制符号扩展后的符号，调制符号为将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包进行编码调制后得到的符号。
本实施例中，第一通信节点将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包进行编码调制，形成调制符号，即调制符号可理解为将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包进行编码调制后得到的符号；将每个调制符号通过扩展序列扩展，得到扩展后符号，即扩展后符号可理解为通过扩展序列对调制符号扩展后的符号；并将扩展后符号传输至第二通信节点。第二通信节点接收第一通信节点传输的扩展后符号。
在一实施例中，扩展序列通过传输的数据包中的信息确定。
在一实施例中，扩展序列来自一个包含V个扩展序列的集合，所述扩展序列是通过传输的数据包中的log2(V)个比特从所述扩展序列的集合中确定的。
在一实施例中，位置信息包括如下一个或多个：全球定位系统的位置信息；北斗定位系统的位置信息；蜂窝定位系统的位置信息；基于定位标签的定位系统的位置信息；基于无线路由器定位系统的位置信息；基于蓝牙定位系统的位置信息；基于超宽带定位系统的位置信息。
以下通过不同实施例对信息传输方法进行示例性说明。
实施例1
为了让终端(即第一通信节点)尽可能省电地传输位置信息，也为了节省系统的信令开销，终端在没有传输任务时可以一直处于无连接状态，也就是空闲态(RRC Idle state)或非激活态(Inactive state)，这样终端可以深度睡眠，关断所有传输相关的电路。当有位置信息(即第一通信节点的位置信息)需要发送时，处于无连接状态/空闲态(RRC Idle state)/非激活态(inactive state)的终端可以无需事先建立与系统的连接，也无需请求基站或接入节点(即第二通信节点)分配上行传输的资源(即无需获得上行传输资源的授权(Grant)和调度(Scheduling))，而是自主地直接发起位置信息的传输(即在无连接状态下，将至少包含位置信息的数据包传输至第二通信节点)。由于终端是在无连接状态下完成传输的，所以传输完成后，终端也就无需进行释放连接的操作，可以马上进入近乎设备关停的无连接状态或空闲态(深度睡眠的状态)。这样可以做到极简化的无连接状态下的位置信息传输，系统谱效和终端功耗可以有效降低。
处于无连接状态下的终端可以自主决定什么时候发射自己的位置信息，然后直接就把位置信息发射出去，发射前无需通知基站或系统，也无需向基站申请传输资源。也意味着基站或系统无需为每个终端的位置信息传输安排专门的时频资源或者说UE-specific的时频资源，或者说无需为每个终端的位置信息传输安排不同的时频资源。基站或系统只需配置一个公共的信道(即公共的传输资源)，例如通过广播信息来配置这样一个公共的信道，通知所有终端都在这个公共信道上传输其位置信息即可。但由于位置信息的传输是终端自主发起的，每次传输有哪些终端，多少终端，基站是没办法控制的，也没办法知道的，基站只能从接收信号中，通过多用户检测技术解码出各个终端传输的信息(即至少包含位置信息的数据包)，就可以获得其位置信息；基站从接收信号(接收信号可理解为终端传输的至少包含位置信息的数据包)中可以估计出各个用户信号经历的无线信道，这样就可以得出各个位置信息及其对应的无线信道信息。
在无连接状态下位置信息传输的过程中，基站有可能会在相同时频资源上收到许多不同终端自主发送的至少包含位置信息的数据包。这些数据包的传输可以说是竞争的(Contention-Based)，因此存在资源碰撞的情况。尤其是对于大量终端的场景，用户负载很高，碰撞可能会非常严重，分离这些数据包对基站来说是一个很大的挑战。
为了提高高用户负载下的位置信息解调性能，可以将位置信息经编码调制后的调制符号通过符号扩展技术来传输：即每个调制符号会通过一条L长的扩展序列(即L可表示扩展序列的长度)扩展生成L个符号，设第n个调制符号是sn，L长的扩展序列是[c1，c2，...，cL]，则第n个调制符号经过这个L长扩展序列扩展后变成sn*c1，sn*c2，...sn*cL这L个符号(即将至少包含位置信息的数据包进行编码调制，形成调制符号；将每个调制符号通过扩展序列扩展，得到扩展后符号)。如果原来没有应用符号扩展技术的传输中，传输信息(即传输的数据包)一共有N个调制符号，则使用符号扩展技术，并且扩展序列的长度是L，则传输信息会变成N*L个。这样可以提供码域的多用户分离能力。另外，每个符号经过符号扩展，如果扩展后的符号在频域传输，则调制符号可以有更好的分集效果。如果传输是功率受限的场景，而扩展后的符号是在时域传输的话，则每个调制符号可以有L倍的能量累积，信噪比可以提升L倍。
无连接传输或免调度传输场景，参考信号也可以是用户自主选择的，所以不同用户是有可能选择相同的参考信号的，即参考信号碰撞。而高过载即用户很多时，出现参考信号碰撞的概率非常高。一旦参考信号发生碰撞，基站很难通过参考信号分离出这两个用户来。为了减少参考信号的碰撞和污染，同时还要估计信道、时频偏，则参考信号需要成倍增加，序列成倍变长，开销成倍增加，检测复杂度更是平方上升。稀疏导频方案可以在不增加导频资源开销的情 况下，增加导频的数量，因此减少导频碰撞的概率，基站通过从数据符号中提取信道信息，这样可以缓解稀疏导频的压力，即只要求从稀疏导频中估计出无线信道的部分信息，而无需从稀疏导频中估计出无线信道的全部信息。另一方面，独立多导频技术是指一次传输中包含2个或多个导频(即确定W个导频；将至少包含位置信息的数据包和W个导频一起传输至第二通信节点；W大于1)，并且导频之间是无关联的/独立的(即W个导频是独立无关的)。这样在相同的导频开销下，不同用户的W个独立的导频同时碰撞的概率会比单导频小很多。基站可以通过基于迭代的接收机，每轮都可以通过那些没有碰撞的导频解出对应的用户，然后将其数据和导频都重构出来并从接收信号中消除掉，如此迭代直到解出所有可解的用户。由于独立多导频同时碰撞的概率会比单导频小很多，采用独立多导频的传输方案可以在竞争的无连接状态传输(或竞争免调度传输)情况下支持很高的用户负载。本实施例中，可以结合独立多导频技术和稀疏导频技术来减少用户导频碰撞的情况，即采用多个独立无关的稀疏导频，提升用户负载。
终端发射位置信息的频率不能过于频繁，即最好间隔较长时间才发一次(即数据包传输的时间间隔至少大于设定阈值)。
设定阈值的单位为秒或分钟，例如平均每若干分钟(或者平均若干秒)终端才自主上报一个位置信息。
为了防止不同终端的连续多次传输都在相同的时频资源，每个终端的两次发射之间的时间间隔最好是不同的，甚至是随机的，可以通过终端随机地决定发射时刻来实现这一点。终端自主决定传输的时频资源，例如终端自主地根据一种随机数发生器来决定时频资源的位置，不同终端的随机数发生器结构不同，或者初始种子不同，就可以实现一定的随机性。
在一实施例中，系统定义或配置一个公共的信道(即传输资源)，用于处于无连接状态/空闲态(RRC Idle state)/非激活态(Inactive state)的终端在这个信道上传输其位置信息和定时提前量。然后定义一个广播信令(即目标信令)来指示这个信道所处的时频资源的位置和定时提前量。实际中，基站会通过这个广播信令来告诉终端用于信息传输的时频资源的位置和定时提前量(即第二通信节点通过目标信令指示第一通信节点所述传输资源的位置和定时提前量)。
在一实施例中，处于无连接状态/空闲态(RRC Idle state)/非激活态(Inactive state)的终端，将至少包含自己的位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，直接传输给基站/接入点(传输前无需进入连接态，也无需向基站申请资源)。
每次传输，终端自主决定传输的传输资源，即从公共的传输资源中选择时频资源，通常是在系统定义的公共时频资源(即传输资源，包含许多个传输资 源)中，自主地决定其中一个时频资源用于数据包的传输(即在传输资源中选择时频资源；在时频资源上将至少包含所述位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点)。
终端通过独立多导频技术或者稀疏导频技术传输包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包：传输信息(即数据包)里包含位置信息和定时提前量，通过传输信息来选择导频，导频可以是独立多导频，也可以是稀疏的导频，或是独立的多个稀疏导频(即确定W个导频；将至少包含位置信息的数据包和W个导频一起传输至第二通信节点；W大于1)。
终端传输数据包的频率很稀疏，例如平均数十秒传，或者数分钟传一次，或者平均每个小时内传输不超过100次(即数据包传输额时间间隔至少大于设定阈值，设定阈值的单位为秒或分钟)。
通过符号扩展技术传输至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，即将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包经过编码调制形成调制符号后，每个调制符号通过一个L长扩展序列扩展成L个符号(即将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包进行编码调制，形成调制符号；将每个调制符号通过扩展序列扩展，得到扩展后符号；将扩展后符号传输至第二通信节点)。
位置信息包含全球定位系统(Global Positioning System，GPS)的位置信息，北斗定位系统的位置信息，蜂窝定位系统的位置信息，基于定位标签的定位系统的位置信息；基于无线路由器(WIFI路由器)定位系统的位置信息；基于蓝牙定位系统的位置信息；基于超宽带定位系统的位置信息。其中基于WIFI路由器的位置信息，基于蓝牙定位系统的位置信息和基于超宽带定位系统的位置信息对于获得处于室内的终端的位置信息更有利。
实施例2：以独立多导频为例进行示例性说明
本申请中第一通信节点在无连接状态下传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，由于没有一个中心节点对不同终端所使用的导频做一个统筹安排，因此不同终端从一个预设的、导频数量有限的导频集合里自主选择导频，是有可能选择相同的导频的，这就是所谓的导频碰撞问题。而高过载场景，也即接入终端很多的场景，出现导频碰撞的概率较高。一旦不同终端的导频发生碰撞，基站很难通过导频解调这些终端的数据包。所以如果导频碰撞处理不好的话，无连接状态下传输位置信息和定时提前量的性能就会恶化严重。沿用相关的导频方案来实现无连接状态下的位置信息和定时提前量传输，导频碰撞概率较高。
图4为一实施例提供的一种基于导频方案传输数据包的实现示意图。如图4所示，一次传输可包含导频/参考信号，以及数据包；导频或参考信号，也可以 认为是前导(Preamble)，也可以认为是解调参考信号(DMRS)；导频的位置可以在数据包(即图4中的数据/消息(Payload/Message))前面，也可以在数据包中间。导频方案有一个特点：每次传输包含的导频或参考信号可以认为是只有一个或一种，这里一个或一种可以是指，导频由一条序列组成，或者由多条有关联的序列组成。
例如，以前导为例，传输会包含一条前导序列，或者包含多条有关联的前导序列。例如，传输可以包含2条前导[P1,P2]，但这两条前导是由一条前导序列P简单重复而成，也即P1＝P2＝P；这样的前导方案可以用于时频偏估计。
图5A为一实施例提供的一种导频方案的实现示意图。如图5A所示，传输可以包含1条前导序列构成的导频。
或者，图5B为一实施例提供的另一种导频方案的实现示意图。如图5B所示，传输可以包含2条前导[P1,P2]，但是[P1,P2]是由一条前导序列P通过正交覆盖码(Orthogonal Cover Code，OCC)加权重复而成，即可以是P1＝P，P2＝P，也可以是P1＝P，P2＝-P；或者，传输可以包含2条前导[P1,P2]，但是[P1,P2]是由一条前导序列P通过其他加权重复而成，即可以是P1＝αP，P2＝βP，其中α，β是加权值。例如上述的OCC加权就是[α,β]＝[1,1]或者[1,-1]的特例，这样的前导方案可以增加前导数量，但却可能破坏前导的正交性。
同理，以DMRS为例，传输会包含一条DMRS，或者多条有关联的DMRS。
例如可以包含2条DMRS[P1,P2]，但这两条DMRS是由一条DMRS序列简单重复而成，也即P1＝P2＝P；或者这两条DMRS是由一条DMRS序列通过OCC加权重复而成，即可以是P1＝P2＝P，也可以是P1＝P，P2＝-P；或者这两条DMRS是由一条DMRS序列通过其他加权重复而成，即可以是P1＝αP，P2＝βP，其中α，β是加权值，例如OCC加权，即[α,β]＝[1,1]或者[1,-1]。
有些方案会同时有Preamble和DMRS，则Preamble和DMRS分别可以具有以上特点。而且Preamble和DMRS是有关联的，通常Preamble确定了，也就确定了对应的DMRS。
而由于导频的开销是有限的，因此导频集合中包含的导频的数量(N)通常不会很多，例如N＝64。而相关方案的导频/参考信号通常是一个或一种，在无连接状态的传输场景，如果同时传输的终端较多时，发生碰撞的概率较高，例如N＝64时，任意两个终端导频碰撞的概率就已经是1/64，如果同时传输的终端较多时碰撞概率远大于1/64。
在无连接状态下，将至少包含第一通信节点位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点。一次传输包含2个或多个导频，导频之间是独立无关 的/无关联的/不相关的，或者说，一次传输的导频信号，由2个或多个独立无关的/无关联的/不相关的导频序列构成(即确定W个导频，将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包和W个导频一起传输至第二通信节点；W大于1；W个导频是独立无关的)。
图6A为一实施例提供的一种基于导频传输数据包的实现示意图。如图6A所示，在无连接状态下，将至少包含第一通信节点位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，一次传输的导频信号，由2个独立无关的/无关联的/不相关的导频序列(即前导P1、P2)构成。
图6B为一实施例提供的另一种基于导频传输数据包的实现示意图。如图6B所示，在无连接状态下，将至少包含第一通信节点位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，一次传输的导频信号，由W个独立无关的/无关联的/不相关的导频序列(即前导P1、P2、……、Pw)构成。
与导频一起发射的包含第一通信节点位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中，包含独立无关的多个导频的信息。例如包含这些导频在导频集合中索引号或产生导频的初始状态等，这样，一旦一个终端的数据包译码成功后，就可以知道这个终端这次传输中使用的所有导频的信息，进而可以重构出所有导频，从而可以进行导频信号的干扰消除(即W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的信息确定的)。
图7为一实施例提供的又一种导频方案的实现示意图。如图7所示，P1，P2都是选自一个包含M条导频序列的导频集合Z(即每个导频都是来自一个包含M个导频的导频集合的，每一个导频是通过传输的数据包中的log2(M)个比特从导频集合中确定的)。导频集合Z中包含z1、z2、……、zM，共M个导频序列。
第一通信节点，例如终端，从Z中选择P1和P2是独立无关的/无关联的/不相关的。如果M＝2^m(2的m次幂)的话，则从Z中确定一条序列需要m个比特，即通过m比特作为索引可以从Z中选择一条序列。所以，终端从Z中选择P1需要m比特，选择P2需要另外的m个比特。选择P1需要m比特与选择P2需要m比特是独立无关的。
在一实施例中，可以通过数据包中的2组，每组m个比特，分别决定P1，P2(即W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的一个或多个比特确定的)。这样一旦一个终端的数据包译码正确，接收机(即第二通信节点)就能知道这个终端所使用的P1，P2了，从而可以进行导频信号的干扰消除。
例如M＝64时，终端可以通过其数据包中的一6比特(即log2(M)＝6)决定 P1，又通过数据包中的另外6比特决定P2。通过数据包的2m个比特来分别决定P1，P2，可以不用在数据包中额外增加指示前导序列的信息，从而节省开销。或者，终端也可以通过其数据包中若干比特通过一定规则产生6比特，或者产生一个取值[1,64]，即1至64范围内的整数，决定P1；又通过数据包中若干比特通过一定规则产生6比特，或者产生一个取值[1,64]，即1至64范围内的整数，决定P2。这样也可以不用在数据包中额外增加指示前导序列的信息，从而节省开销。
通过额外的2m比特来产生P1，P2也是可以的，但需要把这额外的2m比特也放到数据包中，这样做的结果是，数据包会增加额外的2m个比特，这会使得传输效率降低。
或者，也如图7所示，系统定义生成M条Preamble序列的序列生成方法，是通过一个Zadoff-Chu序列(ZC序列)生成公式生成的，是通过设置ZC序列公式中的“根(root)”值，及“循环移位”值这两个变量来生成N条序列。
那么产生P1的“循环移位”与产生P2的“循环移位”是独立无关的。
或者产生P1的“根”和“循环移位”与产生P2的“根”和“循环移位”是独立无关的。
或者，也如图7所示，系统定义生成N条Preamble序列的序列生成方法，是通过一个移位寄存器序列发生器生成的，是通过设置移位寄存器序列发生器的不同“初始状态”来生成N条序列。那么P1，P2的“初始状态”可以是独立无关的。
图8为一实施例提供的又一种导频方案的实现示意图。如图8所示，系统定义了一种生成M1条Preamble序列的序列生成方法，以及另一种生成M2条Preamble序列的序列生成方法；将包含M1条导频序列的导频集合/导频池子设为Z1，Z1中包含z1、z2、……、zM1，共M1条Preamble序列；包含M2条导频序列的导频集合/导频池子设为Z2，Z2中包含z1、z2、……、zM2，共M2条Preamble序列。P1，P2分别通过这两个序列生成方法生成，但P1，P2的生成是独立无关联的(即W个导频中至少有2个导频是来自不同的导频集合)。
例如系统定义生成M1条Preamble序列的序列生成方法是通过一个ZC序列公式(即formula1)生成的，系统定义生成M2条Preamble序列的序列生成方法是通过另一个ZC序列公式(即formula2)生成的。是都通过设置ZC序列公式中的不同“根”和“循环移位”这两个变量来生成不同序列。
那么P1，P2的“循环移位”可以是独立无关的，
或者，P1，P2的“根”和“循环移位”都是独立无关的。
又如，系统定义生成M1条Preamble序列的序列生成方法，是通过一个移位寄存器序列发生器1生成的，系统定义生成M2条Preamble序列的序列生成方法，是通过一个移位寄存器序列发生器2生成的。是通过设置移位寄存器序列发生器的不同“初始状态”来生成不同序列。
那么P1，P2的“初始状态”可以是独立无关的。
又如，系统定义包含M1条Preamble序列的序列集合1，包含M2条Preamble序列的序列集合2。P1是从序列集合1里选择的，P2是从序列集合2里选择的。从序列集合1选择P1的索引值1和从序列集合2选择P2的索引值2是独立无关的。
包含M1条Preamble序列的序列集合1里的导频的长度，与包含M2条Preamble序列的序列集合2里面导频的长度，可以相同，也可以不同(W个导频中至少有2个导频的长度是不同的)。
在一实施例中，在无连接状态下，将至少包含第一通信节点位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点。
一次传输包含W个导频，W个导频之间是独立无关的/无关联的/不相关的。这里，W个导频可以是以下之一：
W个长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)标准定义的物理随机接入信道(PhysicalRandom Access Channel，PRACH)中传输Preamble序列；W个新空口(New Radio，NR)标准定义的PRACH Preamble序列；W个LTE标准定义的DMRS序列；W个NR标准定义的DMRS序列；W个最大移位寄存器(Maximum Length Shift Register，MLSR)序列；W个离散傅里叶变换(Discrete Fourier Transform，DFT)序列；W个沃尔什-哈达码(Walsh-Hadamard)序列。
由W条无关联的/独立生成的序列作为前导，同时碰撞的可能性较小。图9A为一实施例提供的又一种导频方案的实现示意图。如图9A所示，W＝2，终端1选择的两条导频序列是z3和z7。图9B为一实施例提供的又一种导频方案的实现示意图。如图9B所示，W＝2，终端2选择的两条导频序列是z3和z5。可见，终端1和终端2第一条前导序列P1都选择了z3，也就是P1碰撞了，但是第二条前导序列P2是不同的，分别是z7和z5。
接收机可以利用不碰撞的第二条前导序列进行信道估计，进而解调出终端1和终端2的数据包。
独立多导频技术是指一次传输中包含2个或多个导频，并且导频之间是独立无关的/无关联的/不相关的。这样在相同的导频开销下，不同终端的独立多导频同时碰撞的概率会比单导频小很多。而基站通过基于迭代的接收机，每轮都 可以通过那些不碰撞的导频解出对应的终端的数据包，然后将其数据和导频都重构出来并从接收信号中消除掉，如此迭代直到解出所有可解的终端的数据包。由于独立多导频同时碰撞的概率会比单导频小很多，采用独立多导频的传输方案可以在无连接传输情况下支持很高的终端负载。
实施例3：以稀疏导频为例进行示例性说明
为了减少导频的碰撞，可以定义尽可能多的导频，也就是导频集合里的导频数量要尽可能多，而增加导频数量意味着导频的占用的开销也需要增加。另一方面还需要基于导频来进行信道估计，时偏\频偏的估计，以此来完成数据符号的相关解调，所以每个参考信号都需要占用足够的资源，在整个传输带宽以及时间内都有参考信号。或者说每个参考信号在整个传输带宽以及时间内不能太稀疏，要有一定的密度，这样才能估计出整个传输带宽内的无线多径信道(也即频率选择性信道)以及传输时间内的频偏。所以，要确保无连接状态下的传输性能，沿用相关的导频方案，导频所占用的开销成倍增加，检测复杂度也会显著增加。
定义一种解调参考信号(DMRS)集合，其中包含12个参考信号。也可称一个解调参考信号为一个解调参考信号端口(DMRS ports)，也就是说，定义的一种包含12个解调参考信号端口(DMRS ports)的集合。
图10A为一实施例提供的一种定义物理资源块的实现示意图。如图10A所示，定义的一个物理资源块(Physical Resource Block，PRB)，包含时域上14个正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM)(或者离散傅里叶变换扩展OFDM(Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，DFT-S-OFDM)或者单载波频分多址(Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access，SC-FDMA))符号，频域上12个子载波。其中每个小格子是一个OFDM符号的一个子载波，通常也称为一个资源单元(Resource Element，RE)。也就是说图10A所示的一个物理资源块(PRB)一共包含12*14＝168个资源单元(RE)。这种解调参考信号(DMRS)使用前2个OFDM符号来承载解调参考信号，即前2个OFDM符号作为参考信号(DMRS)区域，也就是说解调参考信号(DMRS)占用的资源开销是1/7。除参考信号(DMRS)区域外的区域为数据符号区域。
图10B为一实施例提供的一种定义解调参考信号的实现示意图。如图10B所示，解调参考信号(DMRS)从占用资源单元(RE)位置来看可以分成三组，第一组解调参考信号(DMRS)的非零符号(或称为非零信号、有用信号等)(即符号是非零值)承载在如图所示图案的资源单元(RE)上，第一组4个DMRS端口通过OCC码区分；第二组解调参考信号(DMRS)的非零符号承载在如图 所示图案的资源单元(RE)上，第二组4个DMRS端口通过OCC码区分；第三组解调参考信号(DMRS)的非零符号承载在如图所示图案的资源单元(RE)上，第三组4个DMRS端口通过OCC码区分。每个解调参考信号在如图所示空白未填充图案的资源单元(RE)上取值为0，或者说是没有信号的。可见，对于每个解调参考信号来说，并不是在解调参考信号区的所有资源单元(RE)都有信号的。但是，对一个终端而言，只要他使用了一个参考信号/一个参考信号端口，虽然这个参考信号端口在参考信号(DMRS)区域的一些RE上没有信号，但是通常这个终端还是不能利用这些RE来传输数据。从这个角度来说，一个参考信号/一个参考信号端口，占用的资源开销也是1/7。
每组解调参考信号的非零符号承载在相同的资源单元(RE)上，只能通过不同取值的非零符号区分出不同的参考信号。通常可通过时域OCC码以及频域OCC码来区分出不同的参考信号端口。图10C为一实施例提供的另一种定义解调参考信号的实现示意图。如图10C所示，以图10B中第一组中的4个解调参考信号为例，是通过联合使用时域上的两长OCC码[1,1]、[1,-1]，以及频域上的两长OCC码[1,1]、[1,-1]，来分出4个解调参考信号端口的；即每组DMRS端口中，通过在有图案的RE上承载不同的OCC码，来生成不同的DMRS端口。上述图10B中第二组和第三组中的4个参考信号的情况也是类似的。这样，一共可以得到定义的这种解调参考信号(DMRS)集合的12个解调参考信号，也就是12个解调参考信号端口。
图11A为一实施例提供的一种采用OCC码定义解调参考信号的实现示意图。如图11A所示，对于图10B中第一组中的4个解调参考信号，是通过联合使用时域上的两长OCC码[1,1]、[1,-1]，以及频域上的两长OCC码[1,1]、[1,-1]，来分出4个解调参考信号端口。
图11B为一实施例提供的另一种采用OCC码定义解调参考信号的实现示意图。如图11B所示，对于图10B中第二组中的4个解调参考信号，是通过联合使用时域上的两长OCC码[1,1]、[1,-1]，以及频域上的两长OCC码[1,1]、[1,-1]，来分出4个解调参考信号端口。
图11C为一实施例提供的又一种采用OCC码的解调参考信号的实现示意图。如图11C所示，8表示第一个参考信号单元，9表示第二个参考信号单元；对于图10B中第三组中的4个解调参考信号，是通过联合使用时域上的两长OCC码[1,1]、[1,-1]，以及频域上的两长OCC码[1,1]、[1,-1]，来分出4个解调参考信号端口。
本申请中可将时域及频域上相邻的若干个资源单元(RE)上承载参考信号称为一个参考信号单元(Resource Signal Element，RSE)，例如图10A-10C和 图11A-11C中，时频域上连续的4个资源单元(RE)上承载参考信号称为一个参考信号单元(RSE)，形象地看，有图案填充下的“田字格”上的参考信号就是一个参考信号单元(RSE)。从信道估计的功能上看，一个参考信号单元(RSE)除了由时\频域上相邻的资源单元构成的特点外，还有一个特点：在应用参考信号进行信道估计时，每个参考信号单元(RSE)可以估计一个信道值。
按此定义，如图10A、图10B、图10C、图11A、图11B、以及图11C所示定义的解调参考信号(DMRS)集合，每一个参考信号在1个PRB带宽内都有2个参考信号单元(RSE)，因此可以估计出一个1个PRB带宽内(也即12个子载波带宽内)2处的信道值。1个PRB带宽内12个子载波的信道值，需要通过这些参考信号单元估计值插值得到。
图12A为一实施例提供的一种基于PRB传输的实现示意图。如图12A所示，如果一次传输包含X个PRB，则这种参考信号集合的12个解调参考信号(或者12个解调参考信号端口)如图所示，每个参考信号有2*X个参考信号单元(RSE)，可以估计整个传输带宽内等间隔的2*X处的信道值，然后通过插值得到传输带宽内全部12*X个子载波的信道值。
12个解调参考信号(DMRS)从占用资源单元(RE)位置来看可以分成三组。
图12B为一实施例提供的又一种定义解调参考信号的实现示意图。如图12B所示，是通过OCC码区分第一组的4个解调参考信号。
图12C为一实施例提供的又一种定义解调参考信号的实现示意图。如图12C所示，是通过OCC码区分第二组的4个解调参考信号。
图12D为一实施例提供的又一种定义解调参考信号的实现示意图。如图12D所示，是通过OCC码区分第三组的4个解调参考信号。
可见，为了估计每个接入终端的整个传输带宽的信道，相关解调参考信号(或导频)占用的资源是比较大的，或者说解调参考信号在整个传输带宽内是需要一定的密度的，不能太稀疏。在图10A、图10B、图10C、图11A、图11B、图11C和图12A-12D中，可以说这种解调参考信号在整个传输带宽内的密度是每PRB有2处参考信号，或者每PRB有2个参考信号单元(RSE)。
对系统而言，参考信号的开销是1/7，也就是说，系统付出了1/7的资源，只能设计12个解调参考信号。对于无连接传输状态下的数据传输而言，任意2个终端自主地选择参考信号的碰撞概率是1/12，还是很大的。所以，相关解调参考信号会严重限制无连接传输状态下数据传输的终端数。
如果参考信号还需要估计一定的频偏(Frequency Offset)，则每个参考信 号的占用资源还需要增加，或者说每个参考信号在传输信号中的密度还需要加密。例如，在时域上重复一次，以估计频偏。这样参考信号的占用资源翻倍了，即开销是2/7了。也就是说，系统付出2/7的资源，为了估计频选信道和频偏，也只能设计12个解调参考信号。如果系统还需要应付一定的时偏(Timing Offset)，则参考信号占用资源需要增加，例如，需要付出3/7甚至4/7的开销，才能设计出12个解调参考信号。这么大的开销，只能得到数量这么少参考信号集合(或者说得到这么少的参考信号端口)，无连接状态下传输的碰撞概率是非常高的。
如果多径信道在频域变化得更快一些，即频选特性更加明显，则为了保证信道估计的精度，解调参考信号在频域上的密度需要增加，就是一种频域上密度更大的解调参考信号，每条解调参考信号在每个PRB带宽内有3个参考信号单元(如形象地看有3个田字格)，这样每个PRB上可以有3处估计值，X个PRB就有3*X处估计值，然后通过线性插值得到X个PRB的全部子载波的信道。这种参考信号还是占传输资源的1/7开销，但是只能分出8个解调参考信号(8个解调参考信号端口)，比上述中定义的还要少。可见，信道估计能力通常和参考信号数量是成反比的。
因此，参考信号应用到无连接传输场景中，所面临的问题根源是参考信号的任务或责任太重了：既需要参考信号去估计整个传输信道的频选信道以及时频偏，又需要参考信号去做终端用户识别，所以参考信号需要占用较多的时频资源才能完成这么繁重的任务。这就导致了一定资源下参考信号的数量严重不足。而无连接状态下传输可以支持的终端数，又受限于参考信号的数量。
本申请主要出发点是极大地减轻参考信号的任务，因此每个参考信号占用的资源可以最小化，或者说每个参考信号可以最稀疏，这样可以使得参考信号数量可以最大化，最终让预配置免调度以及竞争式免调度都可以支持更多的终端。
本申请通过基于数据的信道估计技术(而不是基于参考信号)，通过数据自身的特性，例如数据符号的星座图的几何特点，来估计整个传输带宽的信道以及估计时频偏。也就是说不再需要通过参考信号来估计整个传输带宽的信道和时频偏。以信道估计为例，为了简化描述，以块平衰(Block Flat Fading)信道为例。图13A为一实施例提供的一种BPSK符号的示意图。如图13A所示，为终端发射的二相相移键控(Binary Phase Shift Keying，BPSK)符号的星座图，可认为是标准BPSK星座图。图13B为一实施例提供的另一种BPSK符号的示意图。图13C为一实施例提供的又一种BPSK符号的示意图。如图13B所示，BPSK符号经过无线信道以及无线接收机到达基站侧后就不再是图13A所示的标准BPSK星座图，而是会被无线信道施加一个加权系数，也就是一个旋转加 上缩放的变化，再加上接收机的加性高斯白噪声(Additive White Gaussian Noise，AWGN)，得到的符号散点。图13B示出了经过信道加权后的符号对应的散点，利用符号散点的几何形状可以估计出信道加权。
可以看出如BPSK这样的低阶调制信号，其旋转缩放(即经过信道加权)后的星座图仍然具有很强的几何特征，所以信道估计及均衡就可以利用这种星座图的几何特征来估计出旋转量和缩放量，进而可以将星座图逆旋转回去，这样就完成均衡，即得到信号均衡后的符号散点，如图13C所示。如图13B所示，基站接收到的符号对应的散点，还是可以看出是两团分离的散点，基站只需分别将圆形的散点和三角形的散点加起来，就可以得到两个散点中心，然后将三角形散点对应的散点中心旋转180°，与圆形散点对应的散点中心加起来，就可以得到最终的BPSK符号的以复数形式表示的信道加权，也得到旋转量和缩放量了。复数的角度为旋转量，所述复数的模为缩放量。
因此本申请方案中，参考信号的任务比相关方案小得多，所以每个参考信号占用的资源比相关方案少的多，因此一定的开销下，本申请的参考信号数量要比相关方案多得多。
另一方面，基站有多根接收天线时，例如R根接收天线，理论上可以提供很强大的空域能力来提高多终端接入的性能。为了获得到这个空域能力，本申请提出可以使用“极稀疏”的参考信号来估计各个终端信号所经历的空域信道hk＝[hk1,hk2,...hkR]t，这里t是转置运算符。然后利用这些估计的空域信道来对接收信号做空域合并。对终端k的信号做空域合并是sk＝hk'*y，这里，y＝[yk1,yk2,...ykR]t是R根接收天线的接收信号，hk'是hk的共轭转置。然后接收机利用空域合并后的数据符号sk，来估计终端k的信号经历的整个传输带宽的信道以及估计时频偏。然后对空域合并后数据符号sk补偿信道和时频偏。最后对补偿信道和时频偏的数据符号进行解调译码。
所以，本申请不用参考信号来估计整个传输带宽内的信道，也不用其估计时频偏。图14A为一实施例提供的一种定义参考信号的实现示意图，如图14A所示，本申请所提出的参考信号占用1个OFDM符号。一次传输包含X个PRB的时频资源，一个物理资源块(PRB)包含时域上14个OFDM(或者DFT-S-OFDM或者SC-FDMA)符号，频域上12个子载波。其中使用前1个OFDM符号来承载解调参考信号，即前1个OFDM符号作为极稀疏导频区域，1/14的资源用于传输参考信号，也就12*X个资源单元(RE)用于传输参考信号。除极稀疏导频区域外的区域为数据符号区域。图14B为一实施例提供的另一种定义参考信号的实现示意图，如图14B所示，系统定义的每个参考信号，都是只在一个RE资源单元上有非零符号(非零信号，或有用信号)，其余地方都是没有信号的 (或者说其他地方都是取值为0)。这样占1/14开销的参考信号区域，总共可以分出12*X个参考信号。具体而言，如果6个PRB，1/14开销，可以分出6*12＝72个参考信号，远大于NR系统中的8个或者12个(这种参考信号还是占传输资源的1/7开销的)。
图15A为一实施例提供的又一种定义参考信号的实现示意图。如图15A所示，系统定义的每个参考信号，都是只在2个RE资源单元上有非零符号(非零信号，或有用信号)，每2个RE通过2长的OCC分出2个参考信号，其余地方都是没有信号的(或者说其他地方都是取值为0)。这样占1/14开销的参考信号区域，也是总共可以分出12*X个参考信号。如果6个PRB，1/14开销，可以分出6*12＝72个参考信号，远大于NR系统的8个或者12个。极稀疏导频的数量与PRB的个数呈正比。
图15B为一实施例提供的一种生成DMRS端口的实现示意图。如图15B所示，在有图案的2个RE上承载不同的OCC码(如OCC码1、OCC码2)，来生成不同的DMRS端口。
图16A为一实施例提供的又一种定义参考信号的实现示意图。如图16A所示，系统定义的参考信号占用2个OFDM符号。图16B为一实施例提供的又一种定义参考信号的实现示意图。如图16B所示，系统定义的每个参考信号，都是只在一组相邻的4个RE资源单元上有非零符号(非零信号，或有用信号)，不过会有4个参考信号复用一组相邻的4个RE。复用同一组相邻4个RE的4个参考信号通过OCC码来区分。这样X个PRB的传输中，占1/7开销的参考信号区域总共可以分出24*X个参考信号。如果6个PRB，1/7开销，可以分出6*24＝144个参考信号，远大于NR系统的8个或者12个。也说明极稀疏导频的数量与PRB的个数呈正比。
本申请中实施例中所示数值仅为示例性描述，不作限定，取值可以根据实际情况进行适应性调整。
可见，稀疏导频，其实就是导频集合里的每个导频的非零元素是很少的，例如非零元素只有1-4个，这样可以在不增加导频资源开销的情况下，显著增加导频的数量，因此显著减少导频碰撞的概率。基站从稀疏导频中估计出无线信道的部分信息，而无需从稀疏导频中估计出无线信道的全部信息。基站会从数据符号中提取信道信息，进而利用这些信道信息完成对数据符号的均衡。
这种导频仅仅用于空域合并，但并不能用于信道均衡，可以认为是一种空域合并参考信号。
虽然图14A、图14B、图15A和图15B中所示极稀疏参考信号都在传输资 源的前面1或2个符号，但本申请并不限制极稀疏参考信号的位置，例如极稀疏参考信号的位置也可以在传输资源的中间的符号。
在本实施例中，还可以结合上述的独立多导频技术和极稀疏导频技术来减少终端导频碰撞的情况，提升终端负载。
图17为一实施例提供的一种信息传输方法的实现示意图。如图17所示，在包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输中包含W条极稀疏参考信号，并且数据包中包含这W条极稀疏参考信号的信息，例如包含这W条极稀疏参考信号的索引号，这样，一旦一个终端的数据包译码成功后，就可以知道这个终端这次传输中使用的所有极稀疏导频的信息，从而可以进行导频信号的干扰消除。
本申请实施例还提供一种信息传输装置。图18为一实施例提供的一种信息传输装置的结构示意图。如图18所示，所述信息传输装置可配置于第一通信节点，包括：
获取模块310，设置为获取所述第一通信节点的位置信息以及所述第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量；传输模块320，设置为将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点；其中，将所述数据包传输至所述第二通信节点的发送时间是根据所述定时提前量确定的。
本实施例的传输装置，通过将所获取的第一通信节点的位置信息传输至对应的第二通信节点，能够避免由于建立与第二通信节点的连接进行反复交互而造成功耗增加的问题。在此基础上，还通过将定时提前量传输至第二通信节点，能够使得第二通信节点根据传输的数据包中所包含的定时提前量进行传输环境的感知，降低了基站对数据包传输的解调难度。
在一实施例中，第二通信节点的广播信号包括下行同步信号或者下行参考信号。
在一实施例中，第二通信节点的广播信号包含第二通信节点的位置信息
在一实施例中，将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：在预先定义的公共信道上将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点
在一实施例中，所述装置还包括：信令获取模块，设置为获取目标信令；资源确定模块，设置为基于目标信令确定第二通信节点配置或定义的传输资源，传输资源供处于无连接状态的第一通信节点传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
在一实施例中，传输模块320，包括：选择单元，设置为在传输资源中选择时频资源；传输单元，设置为在时频资源上将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点。
在一实施例中，传输模块320，包括：第一确定单元，设置为确定W个导频；第一传输单元，设置为将数据包和W个导频一起传输至第二通信节点；W大于1。
在一实施例中，W个导频是独立无关的。
在一实施例中，W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的信息确定的。
在一实施例中，W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的一个或多个比特确定的。
在一实施例中，每个导频都是来自一个包含M个导频的导频集合的，每一个导频是通过传输的数据包中的log2(M)个比特从所述导频集合中确定的。
在一实施例中，W个导频中至少有2个导频是不同类型的导频序列，或者是来自不同的导频集合。
在一实施例中，W个导频中至少有2个导频的长度是不同的。
在一实施例中，W个导频中每个导频中只有U个符号是非零值，U是大于0且小于5。
在一实施例中，W取值为2。
在一实施例中，传输模块320，包括：第二确定单元，设置为确定1个导频，导频中只有U个符号是非零值，U大于0且小于5；第二传输单元，设置为将数据包和1个导频一起传输至第二通信节点。
在一实施例中，数据包传输的时间间隔至少大于设定阈值。
在一实施例中，设定阈值的单位为秒或分钟。
在一实施例中，传输模块320，包括：调制单元，设置为将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包进行编码调制形成的调制符号通过扩展序列扩展，得到扩展后符号；第三传输单元，设置为将扩展后符号传输至第二通信节点。
在一实施例中，扩展序列通过传输的数据包中的信息确定。
在一实施例中，扩展序列来自一个包含V个扩展序列的集合，扩展序列是通过传输的数据包中的log2(V)个比特从扩展序列的集合中确定的。
在一实施例中，位置信息包括如下一个或多个：全球定位系统的位置信息；北斗定位系统的位置信息；蜂窝定位系统的位置信息；基于定位标签的定位系统的位置信息；基于无线路由器定位系统的位置信息；基于蓝牙定位系统的位 置信息；基于超宽带定位系统的位置信息。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中包括与第一通信节点身份相关的信息。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中不包括与第一通信节点身份相关的信息。
本实施例提出的信息传输装置与上述实施例提出的信息传输方法属于同一构思，未在本实施例中详尽描述的技术细节可参见上述任意实施例，并且本实施例具备与执行信息传输方法相同的效果。
本申请实施例还提供一种信息传输装置。图19为一实施例提供的另一种信息传输装置的结构示意图。如图19所示，所述信息传输装置可配置于第二通信节点，包括：
确定模块410，设置为确定传输资源；指示模块420，设置为通过目标信令指示第一通信节点所述传输资源的位置，所述传输资源供第一通信节点传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
本实施例的信息传输装置，通过确定传输资源，然后又通过定义一个目标信令传输至第一通信节点，能够为第一通信节点指示该传输资源的位置，以使得第一通信节点在无连接状态下可以基于该传输资源传输至少包括位置信息的数据包，避免了由于第一通信节点为传输数据包要建立与第二通信节点的连接进行反复交互而造成功耗增加的问题。
在一实施例中，第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量，是基于第二通信节点的广播信号确定的。
在一实施例中，第二通信节点的广播信号包括下行同步信号或者下行参考信号。
在一实施例中，第二通信节点的广播信号包含第二通信节点的位置信息。
在一实施例中，将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：在预先定义的公共信道上接收第一通信节点传输的至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
在一实施例中，确定模块410，包括：定义单元，设置为定义或配置传输资源。
在一实施例中，所述装置还包括：接收模块，设置为接收第一通信节点传输的至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
在一实施例中，数据包在传输资源上传输。
在一实施例中，接收模块，包括:第一接收单元，设置为接收第一通信节点传输的数据包和与数据包一起传输的W个导频，W大于1。
在一实施例中，W个导频是独立无关的。
在一实施例中，W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的信息确定的。
在一实施例中，W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的一个或多个比特确定的。
在一实施例中，每个导频都是来自一个包含M个导频的导频集合的，每一个导频是通过传输的数据包中的log2(M)个比特从所述导频集合中确定的。
在一实施例中，W个导频中至少有2个导频是不同类型的导频序列，或者是来自不同的导频集合
在一实施例中，W个导频中至少有2个导频的长度是不同的。
在一实施例中，W个导频中每个导频中只有U个符号是非零值，U是大于0且小于5。
在一实施例中，W取值为2。
在一实施例中，数据包传输的时间间隔至少大于设定阈值。
在一实施例中，设定阈值的单位为秒或分钟
在一实施例中，所述装置还包括：
第二接收单元，设置为接收第一通信节点传输的扩展后符号，扩展后符号为通过扩展序列对调制符号扩展后的符号，调制符号为将至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包进行编码调制后得到的符号。
在一实施例中，扩展序列通过传输的数据包中的信息确定。
在一实施例中，展序列来自一个包含V个扩展序列的集合，所述扩展序列是通过传输的数据包中的log2(V)个比特从所述扩展序列的集合中确定的。
在一实施例中，位置信息包括如下一个或多个：全球定位系统的位置信息；北斗定位系统的位置信息；蜂窝定位系统的位置信息；基于定位标签的定位系统的位置信息；基于无线路由器定位系统的位置信息；基于蓝牙定位系统的位置信息；基于超宽带定位系统的位置信息。
在一实施例中，接收模块，包括：第三接收单元，设置为接收第一通信节点传输的数据包和与数据包一起传输的1个导频。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中包括与第一通信节 点身份相关的信息。
在一实施例中，包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包中不包括与第一通信节点身份相关的信息。
本实施例提出的信息传输装置与上述实施例提出的信息传输方法属于同一构思，未在本实施例中详尽描述的技术细节可参见上述任意实施例，并且本实施例具备与执行信息传输方法相同的效果。
本申请实施例还提供了一种通信节点，该通信节点包括第一通信节点和第二通信节点。图20为一实施例提供的一种通信节点的硬件结构示意图，如图20所示，本申请提供的通信节点，包括存储装置520、处理器510以及存储在存储装置上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，处理器510执行所述程序时实现上述的信息传输方法。
通信节点还可以包括存储装置520；该通信节点中的处理器510可以是一个或多个，图20中以一个处理器510为例；存储装置520用于存储一个或多个程序；所述一个或多个程序被所述一个或多个处理器510执行，使得所述一个或多个处理器510实现如本申请实施例中所述的信息传输方法。
通信节点还包括：通信装置530、输入装置540和输出装置550。
通信节点中的处理器510、存储装置520、通信装置530、输入装置540和输出装置550可以通过总线或其他方式连接，图20中以通过总线连接为例。
输入装置540可用于接收输入的数字或字符信息，以及产生与通信节点的用户设置以及功能控制有关的按键信号输入。输出装置550可包括显示屏等显示设备。
通信装置530可以包括接收器和发送器。通信装置530设置为根据处理器510的控制进行信息收发通信。
存储装置520作为一种计算机可读存储介质，可设置为存储软件程序、计算机可执行程序以及模块，如本申请实施例所述信息传输方法对应的程序指令/模块(例如，信息传输装置中的获取模块310和传输模块320；或，信息传输装置中的确定模块410和指示模块420。)。存储装置520可包括存储程序区和存储数据区，其中，存储程序区可存储操作系统、至少一个功能所需的应用程序；存储数据区可存储根据通信节点的使用所创建的数据等。此外，存储装置520可以包括高速随机存取存储器，还可以包括非易失性存储器，例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他非易失性固态存储器件。在一些实例中，存储装置520可包括相对于处理器510远程设置的存储器，这些远程存储器可以通 过网络连接至通信节点。上述网络的实例包括但不限于互联网、企业内部网、局域网、移动通信网及其组合。
本申请实施例还提供一种存储介质，所述存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现本申请实施例中任一所述的信息传输方法。
该信息传输方法，应用于第一通信节点，包括：获取所述第一通信节点的位置信息以及所述第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量；将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点；其中，将所述数据包传输至所述第二通信节点的发送时间是根据所述定时提前量确定的。
该信息传输方法，应用于第二通信节点，包括：确定传输资源；通过目标信令指示第一通信节点所述传输资源的位置，所述传输资源供第一通信节点传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
本申请实施例的计算机存储介质，可以采用一个或多个计算机可读的介质的任意组合。计算机可读介质可以是计算机可读信号介质或者计算机可读存储介质。计算机可读存储介质例如可以是，但不限于：电、磁、光、电磁、红外线、或半导体的系统、装置或器件，或者任意以上的组合。计算机可读存储介质的例子(非穷举的列表)包括：具有一个或多个导线的电连接、便携式计算机磁盘、硬盘、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、只读存储器(Read Only Memory，ROM)、可擦式可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory，EPROM)、闪存、光纤、便携式CD-ROM、光存储器件、磁存储器件、或者上述的任意合适的组合。计算机可读存储介质可以是任何包含或存储程序的有形介质，该程序可以被指令执行系统、装置或者器件使用或者与其结合使用。
计算机可读的信号介质可以包括在基带中或者作为载波一部分传播的数据信号，其中承载了计算机可读的程序代码。这种传播的数据信号可以采用多种形式，包括但不限于：电磁信号、光信号或上述的任意合适的组合。计算机可读的信号介质还可以是计算机可读存储介质以外的任何计算机可读介质，该计算机可读介质可以发送、传播或者传输用于由指令执行系统、装置或者器件使用或者与其结合使用的程序。
计算机可读介质上包含的程序代码可以用任何适当的介质传输，包括但不限于：无线、电线、光缆、无线电频率(Radio Frequency，RF)等等，或者上述的任意合适的组合。
可以以一种或多种程序设计语言或其组合来编写用于执行本申请操作的计 算机程序代码，所述程序设计语言包括面向对象的程序设计语言，诸如Java、Smalltalk、C++，还包括常规的过程式程序设计语言，诸如“C”语言或类似的程序设计语言。程序代码可以完全地在用户计算机上执行、部分地在用户计算机上执行、作为一个独立的软件包执行、部分在用户计算机上部分在远程计算机上执行、或者完全在远程计算机或服务器上执行。在涉及远程计算机的情形中，远程计算机可以通过任意种类的网络，包括局域网(LAN)或广域网(WAN)，连接到用户计算机，或者，可以连接到外部计算机(例如利用因特网服务提供商来通过因特网连接)。
以上所述，仅为本申请的示例性实施例而已，并非用于限定本申请的保护范围。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，术语用户终端涵盖任何适合类型的无线用户设备，例如移动电话、便携数据处理装置、便携网络浏览器或车载移动台。
一般来说，本申请的多种实施例可以在硬件或专用电路、软件、逻辑或其任何组合中实现。例如，一些方面可以被实现在硬件中，而其它方面可以被实现在可以被控制器、微处理器或其它计算装置执行的固件或软件中，尽管本申请不限于此。
本申请的实施例可以通过移动装置的数据处理器执行计算机程序指令来实现，例如在处理器实体中，或者通过硬件，或者通过软件和硬件的组合。计算机程序指令可以是汇编指令、指令集架构(Instruction Set Architecture，ISA)指令、机器指令、机器相关指令、微代码、固件指令、状态设置数据、或者以一种或多种编程语言的任意组合编写的源代码或目标代码。
本申请附图中的任何逻辑流程的框图可以表示程序操作，或者可以表示相互连接的逻辑电路、模块和功能，或者可以表示程序操作与逻辑电路、模块和功能的组合。计算机程序可以存储在存储器上。存储器可以具有任何适合于本地技术环境的类型并且可以使用任何适合的数据存储技术实现，例如但不限于只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机访问存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、光存储器装置和系统(数码多功能光碟(Digital Video Disc，DVD)或光盘(Compact Disk，CD)等。计算机可读介质可以包括非瞬时性存储介质。数据处理器可以是任何适合于本地技术环境的类型，例如但不限于通用计算机、专用计算机、微处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processing，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、可编程逻辑器件(Field-Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)以及基于多核处理器架构的处理器。

Claims (37)

  1. 一种信息传输方法，应用于第一通信节点，包括：
    获取所述第一通信节点的位置信息以及所述第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量；
    将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点；
    其中，将所述数据包传输至所述第二通信节点的发送时间是根据所述定时提前量确定的。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述第一通信节点的信号发送的定时提前量，是基于所述第二通信节点的广播信号确定的。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述第二通信节点的广播信号包括下行同步信号或者下行参考信号。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述第二通信节点的广播信号包含所述第二通信节点的位置信息。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：
    在预先定义的公共信道上将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至所述第二通信节点。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，还包括：
    获取目标信令；
    基于所述目标信令确定所述第二通信节点配置或定义的传输资源，所述传输资源供所述第一通信节点传输至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中，所述将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：
    在所述传输资源中选择时频资源；
    在所述时频资源上将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至所述第二通信节点。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：
    确定W个导频；
    将所述数据包和所述W个导频一起传输至所述第二通信节点；
    W大于1。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述W个导频是独立无关的。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的信息确定的。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，所述W个导频是通过传输的数据包中的至少一个比特确定的。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其中，每个导频是来自一个包含M个导频的导频集合的，每一个导频是通过传输的数据包中的log2(M)个比特从所述导频集合中确定的。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述W个导频中至少有2个导频是不同类型的导频序列，或者是来自不同的导频集合。
  14. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述W个导频中至少有2个导频的长度是不同的。
  15. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述W个导频中每个导频中只有U个符号是非零值，U是大于0且小于5。
  16. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述W取值为2。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：
    确定1个导频，所述导频中只有U个符号是非零值，U大于0且小于5；
    将所述数据包和所述1个导频一起传输至所述第二通信节点。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述数据包传输的时间间隔至少大于设定阈值。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中，所述设定阈值的单位为秒或分钟。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包传输至第二通信节点，包括：
    将至少包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包进行编码调制形成的调制符号通过扩展序列扩展，得到扩展后符号；
    将所述扩展后符号传输至所述第二通信节点。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中，所述扩展序列通过传输的数据包中的信息确定。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中，所述扩展序列来自一个包含V个扩展序列的集合，所述扩展序列是通过传输的数据包中的log2(V)个比特从所述扩展序列的集合中确定的。
  23. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包中不包括与所述第一通信节点的身份相关的信息。
  24. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述包含所述位置信息和所述定时提前量的数据包中包括与所述第一通信节点的身份相关的信息。
  25. 根据权利要求1-24任一所述的方法，其中，所述位置信息包括如下至少一个：
    全球定位系统的位置信息；北斗定位系统的位置信息；蜂窝定位系统的位置信息；基于定位标签的定位系统的位置信息；基于无线路由器定位系统的位置信息；基于蓝牙定位系统的位置信息；基于超宽带定位系统的位置信息。
  26. 一种信息传输方法，应用于第二通信节点，包括：
    确定传输资源；
    通过目标信令指示第一通信节点所述传输资源的位置，所述传输资源供第一通信节点传输至少包括位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其中，所述确定传输资源，包括：
    定义或配置所述传输资源。
  28. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，还包括：
    接收所述第一通信节点传输的所述至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中，所述数据包在所述传输资源上传输。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的方法，其中，所述接收所述第一通信节点传输的所述至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包，包括：
    接收所述第一通信节点传输的数据包和与所述数据包一起传输的W个导频，W大于1。
  31. 根据权利要求29所述的方法，其中，所述数据包传输的时间间隔至少大于设定阈值。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的方法，其中，所述设定阈值的单位为秒或分钟。
  33. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，还包括：
    接收所述第一通信节点传输的扩展后符号，所述扩展后符号为通过扩展序列对调制符号扩展后的符号，所述调制符号为将所述至少包含位置信息和定时提前量的数据包进行编码调制后得到的符号。
  34. 根据权利要求33所述的方法，其中，所述扩展序列通过传输的数据包中的信息确定。
  35. 根据权利要求28或33所述的方法，其中，所述位置信息包括如下至少一个：
    全球定位系统的位置信息；北斗定位系统的位置信息；蜂窝定位系统的位置信息；基于定位标签的定位系统的位置信息；基于无线路由器定位系统的位置信息；基于蓝牙定位系统的位置信息；基于超宽带定位系统的位置信息。
  36. 一种通信节点，包括：
    至少一个处理器；
    存储装置，设置为存储至少一个程序；
    当所述至少一个程序被所述至少一个处理器执行，使得所述至少一个处理器实现如权利要求1-35任一所述的信息传输方法。
  37. 一种存储介质，存储有计算机程序，所述程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1-35中任一项所述的信息传输方法。
PCT/CN2023/096168 2022-06-08 2023-05-25 信息传输方法、通信节点及存储介质 Ceased WO2023236780A1 (zh)

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