WO2023239209A1 - 도금품질이 우수한 열간 프레스 성형용 도금강판, 강판 및 이들의 제조방법 - Google Patents
도금품질이 우수한 열간 프레스 성형용 도금강판, 강판 및 이들의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023239209A1 WO2023239209A1 PCT/KR2023/007972 KR2023007972W WO2023239209A1 WO 2023239209 A1 WO2023239209 A1 WO 2023239209A1 KR 2023007972 W KR2023007972 W KR 2023007972W WO 2023239209 A1 WO2023239209 A1 WO 2023239209A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0222—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating in a reactive atmosphere, e.g. oxidising or reducing atmosphere
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23C28/025—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
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- C23C28/3225—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
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- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
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- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/20—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of iron
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
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- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
Definitions
- It relates to plated steel sheets for hot press forming with excellent plating quality, steel sheets for plating, and their manufacturing methods.
- Hot press forming is a processing method that obtains high-strength parts by cooling steel sheets at high temperatures substantially simultaneously with forming them.
- Steel sheets used for hot press forming must have excellent hardenability to easily generate martensite when cooled at high temperatures.
- various alloy elements are added to steel for hot press forming compared to general steel.
- various types of plating are sometimes applied to the surface of the steel sheet. Among them, methods of plating the surface of a steel sheet by hot dip plating, such as hot dip plating or molten aluminum plating, are widely used.
- the plating quality is determined by the surface condition of the annealed steel sheet just before plating.
- Plating properties deteriorate due to formation. That is, during the annealing process, the elements diffuse to the surface and react with trace amounts of oxygen or water vapor present in the annealing furnace to form single or complex oxides of the elements on the surface of the steel sheet, thereby reducing the reactivity of the surface.
- the surface of an annealed steel sheet with low reactivity interferes with the wettability of the hot dip galvanizing bath, causing non-plating where the plating metal does not adhere locally or entirely to the surface of the coated steel sheet, and these oxides also cause alloying necessary to ensure adhesion of the plating layer during the hot dip plating process. Due to insufficient formation of the suppression layer (Fe 2 Al 5 ), the plating quality of the plated steel sheet is greatly reduced, such as peeling of the plating layer.
- Patent Document 1 controls the air-fuel ratio of air and fuel to 0.80 to 0.95 during the annealing process, oxidizes the steel sheet in a direct flame furnace in an oxidizing atmosphere, and Si, Mn, or Al to a certain depth inside the steel sheet.
- a technology is proposed to provide hot-dip galvanized or alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheets with excellent plating quality by forming iron oxides alone or containing complex oxides, then reducing and annealing the iron oxides in a reducing atmosphere, and then performing hot-dip galvanizing. .
- Patent Document 2 states that the dew point in the annealing furnace is maintained high and alloy components such as Mn, Si, and Al, which are easily oxidized, are internally oxidized inside the steel.
- a method to improve plating properties by reducing external oxides on the surface of a steel sheet after annealing has been proposed.
- the method according to Patent Document 2 can solve the plating problem caused by the external oxidation of Si, which is easy to internally oxidize, but when a large amount of Mn, which is relatively difficult to internally oxidize, is added, the effect is minimal. .
- linear non-plating may occur due to surface oxide formed unevenly on the surface, or when hot-dip galvannealed steel sheet (GA steel sheet) is manufactured through alloying heat treatment after plating. Problems such as linear defects due to non-uniform alloying may occur on the surface of the hot-dip galvannealed steel sheet.
- Another prior art is a method of suppressing the diffusion of alloy elements to the surface during annealing by performing Ni pre-plating before annealing.
- this method is also effective in suppressing the diffusion of Mn, but has the problem of not sufficiently suppressing the diffusion of Si.
- Patent Document 1 Korean Patent Publication No. 2010-0030627
- Patent Document 2 Korean Patent Publication No. 2009-0006881
- a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with excellent plating quality in which no non-plating occurs and the plating layer peels off, and a method for manufacturing the same are provided.
- a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet that can be manufactured into an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with excellent surface quality without linear defects occurring even when alloying heat treatment is performed after plating, and a method for manufacturing the same are provided.
- a steel sheet for plating and a method for manufacturing the same are provided, which can produce a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent plating quality.
- the steel sheet for hot press forming according to one aspect of the present invention has, in weight percent, Mn: 0.1 to 4%, Si: 0.001 to 2%, C: 0.02 to 0.6%, Al: 0.001 to 1%, P: 0.05% or less. , S: 0.02% or less, Cr: 1% or less, B: 0.01% or less, with a composition including the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and the GDS profile of the Mn component and the GDS profile of the Si component observed in the depth direction from the surface, respectively.
- the difference in the divided value is 80% or more, and the Si concentration at the maximum point of the GDS profile of the Si component is divided by the Si concentration of the base material and the Si concentration at the minimum point of the GDS profile of the Si component
- the difference between the concentration divided by the Si concentration of the base material may be 50% or more.
- the 5 ⁇ m depth point is considered the point where the minimum point appears.
- a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet for hot press forming which is another aspect of the present invention, may include the steel sheet for plating described above and a hot-dip plating layer formed on the steel sheet for plating.
- a method of manufacturing a steel sheet for hot press forming is, in weight percent, Mn: 0.1 to 4%, Si: 0.001 to 2%, C: 0.02 to 0.6%, Al: 0.001 to 1%, P : 0.05% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Cr: 1% or less, B: 0.01% or less, preparing base iron having a composition including the balance Fe and inevitable impurities; Performing electroplating on the base iron to form an Fe plating layer containing 5 to 50% by weight of oxygen; And annealing the base iron on which the Fe plating layer is formed by maintaining it at 600 to 950° C. for 5 to 120 seconds in an annealing furnace in a 1 to 70% H 2 -remaining N 2 gas atmosphere controlled at a dew point temperature of -15 to +30° C. May include steps.
- a method of manufacturing a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet for hot press forming is, in weight percent, Mn: 0.1 to 4%, Si: 0.001 to 2%, C: 0.02 to 0.6%, Al: 0.001 to 1.
- % P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Cr: 1% or less, B: 0.01% or less, a step of preparing base iron having a composition including the balance Fe and inevitable impurities; Performing electroplating on the base iron to form an Fe plating layer containing 5 to 50% by weight of oxygen;
- the base iron on which the Fe plating layer is formed is annealed and maintained at 600 to 950°C for 5 to 120 seconds in an annealing furnace in a 1 to 70% H 2 -remaining N 2 gas atmosphere controlled at a dew point temperature of -15 to +30° C.
- the present invention provides a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet that significantly improves the phenomenon of non-plating during hot-dip galvanizing and improves plating adhesion by forming a pre-plated layer and controlling the concentration profile of the Mn and Si components therein. You can.
- linear defects, etc. on the surface of the obtained hot-dip galvanized steel sheet can be prevented even if alloying heat treatment is performed on the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet of the present invention, thereby producing an alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with excellent surface quality. can be provided.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a GDS profile measured after removing the plating layer of a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet made from a cold-rolled steel sheet electroplated with Fe.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the process of annealing base iron on which an oxygen-containing Fe plating layer is formed in an atmosphere with a high dew point.
- the concentration of each element in the present invention unless otherwise specified, it means weight%.
- the Fe electroplating amount is the plating amount measured as the total amount of Fe contained in the plating layer per unit area, and oxygen and inevitable impurities in the plating layer are not included in the plating amount.
- the concentration and concentration profile referred to in the present invention refers to the concentration and concentration profile measured using GDS, that is, a glow discharge optical emission spectrometer.
- the cause of non-plating and deterioration of plating adhesion in steel sheets containing large amounts of Mn and Si is due to surface oxides generated by oxidation of alloy elements such as Mn and Si on the surface during the process of annealing cold-rolled steel sheets at high temperatures. It is known.
- the oxidation-reduction method is oxidized during heating and then reduced by maintaining it in a reducing atmosphere, or applying iron oxide to the surface of the base metal. Methods such as coating and heat treatment can be used.
- the iron oxide firmly formed on the surface of the base metal is not only FeO but also a mixture of Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 that are difficult to reduce, and while the surface is reduced to metallic iron during the annealing process in a reducing atmosphere, the iron oxide layer and The base iron interface has a slow reduction rate, so it is difficult to completely reduce, and Mn and Si oxides accumulate at the interface to form a continuous oxide layer. Although wettability with molten zinc is improved, the oxide layer easily crumbles, forming a plating layer. This peeling problem may occur.
- Mn and Si oxides are preferentially formed on the steel surface during the heat treatment process. Then, Mn and Si are oxidized by oxygen diffused into the steel, thereby suppressing surface diffusion. Therefore, a thin oxide film is formed on the surface of the base iron, but if the surface of the cold rolled steel sheet before annealing is not completely homogeneous, or if local deviations in oxygen partial pressure, temperature, etc. occur, the wettability is uneven during hot dip galvanizing, resulting in non-plating. In the case of zinc plating, if the thickness of the oxide film is non-uniform during the alloying heat treatment process after plating and a difference in alloying degree occurs, linear defects that can be easily identified with the naked eye tend to occur.
- the present inventors attempted to manufacture a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet with a beautiful surface and no plating peeling problem by controlling the presence of Mn and Si, which are oxidizing elements, on the surface of the plating steel sheet as follows.
- the steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention may have the following characteristics in the GDS concentration profile of Mn and Si.
- the steel sheet for plating of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the GDS profile in FIG. 1.
- Figure 1 is a graph schematically showing a typical GDS profile of the Mn component that may appear from the surface after removing the zinc plating layer in a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet including the steel sheet of the present invention.
- the vertical axis represents the concentration of alloy elements such as Mn and Si
- the horizontal axis represents depth.
- maximum points and minimum points appear sequentially when the concentration profile of the Mn or Si component is directed from the surface (interface with the plating layer when hot-dipped) to the inside. You can have Here, having sequentially does not necessarily mean that the maximum points appear first in the depth direction from the surface (interface).
- the minimum points may appear first, but it means that the maximum points and minimum points must appear sequentially. However, in some implementations, the minimum point may not appear, and in this case, the internal concentration in the 5 ⁇ m depth area may be set as the minimum point concentration. In addition, the concentration of alloy elements on the surface has a lower value than the concentration of the maximum point, but in some cases, a minimum point with a low alloy element concentration may appear between the surface and the maximum point.
- the surface layer corresponds to the Fe plating layer with a low concentration of alloying elements because the alloying elements do not diffuse much from the base iron, and the maximum point is between the Fe plating layer and the base iron. It corresponds to the area where the internal oxides of the alloy elements formed near the interface are concentrated, and the minimum point that appears on the base iron side of the Fe plating layer is the maximum point where the alloy elements diffuse into the Fe plating layer that does not contain alloy elements and are diluted, or internal oxidation occurs. This corresponds to an area where the alloying elements have diffused and been depleted.
- the maximum point may be formed at a depth of 0.05 to 1.0 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel plate. If a maximum point appears in a deeper area than this, it may not be judged to be a maximum point due to the effect of the present invention.
- the minimum point may be formed within a depth of 5 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel plate. As described above, if the minimum point is not formed at a point within a depth of 5 ⁇ m, the 5 ⁇ m depth can be set as the point at which the minimum point is formed. Since the concentration at a depth of 5 ⁇ m is substantially the same as the concentration of the base material, it can be viewed as the point where the concentration does not decrease any further.
- the maximum point converted concentration - the minimum point converted concentration value may be 80% or more, and in the case of Si, the difference between these values may be 50% or more.
- Si is an element with stronger oxidation properties than Mn, and because it easily causes internal oxidation even within base iron where the oxygen concentration is low, oxidation can occur in a wider area than Mn.
- the difference in the converted concentration values can be set to 400% or less in the case of Mn and 250% or less in the case of Si.
- the converted concentration difference of Mn may be 90% or more or 100% or more
- the converted concentration difference of Si may be 60% or more or 70% or more.
- the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is sheared to a size of 30 to 50 mm in length, first washed in NaOH solution at room temperature, and then immersed in a 20 to 40 vol% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution to remove the plating layer.
- the GDS concentration profile measures the concentration of all components contained in the steel sheet every 1 to 5 nm in the thickness direction of the steel sheet.
- the measured GDS profile may contain irregular noise.
- a Gaussian filter with a cutoff value of 100 nm was applied to the measured concentration profile to obtain an average concentration profile, and the noise was removed. From the profile, the concentration values and depths of the maximum and minimum concentration points were respectively obtained.
- the maximum and minimum points mentioned in the present invention are calculated as maximum and minimum points only when there is a difference of more than 10 nm in the depth direction.
- the steel sheet for plating that is the object of the present invention may include base iron and an Fe plating layer formed on the base iron.
- the composition of the base iron is not particularly limited.
- the steel sheet contains 0.1 to 4% by weight of Mn and 0.001 to 2% by weight of Si and has a composition that facilitates the formation of oxides on the surface
- plating properties can be advantageously improved by the present invention.
- the upper limit of the Mn concentration of base iron is not particularly limited, but considering the composition commonly used, the upper limit can be limited to 4% by weight.
- the lower limit of the concentration of Mn is not particularly limited, but in compositions containing less than 0.1% by weight of Mn, the surface quality of the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is excellent even without forming an Fe plating layer, so there is no need to perform Fe electroplating.
- the upper limit of Si concentration is not particularly limited, but considering the commonly used composition, the upper limit can be limited to 2% by weight or less. If the Si concentration is less than 0.001% by weight, even if Fe electroplating and annealing internal oxidation are not performed simultaneously Since the hot dip plating quality is excellent, there is no need to carry out the method of the present invention.
- Mn and Si are elements that affect plating properties, their concentrations can be limited as described above, but the present invention does not specifically limit the remaining components of base iron.
- the composition of the base iron is expressed in weight%, Mn: 0.1 to 4%. , Si: 0.001 ⁇ 2%, C: 0.02 ⁇ 0.6%, Al: 0.001 ⁇ 1%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Cr: 1% or less, B: 0.01% or less, balance Fe and inevitable impurities It can be done by including .
- P and S are advantageous as they are not added as impurities, and Cr and B are optional elements and do not need to be added, so there is no separate lower limit.
- the base iron may further contain elements such as Ti, Mo, and Nb in a total amount of 1.2% or less.
- elements such as Ti, Mo, and Nb in a total amount of 1.2% or less.
- a cold-rolled steel sheet or a hot-rolled steel sheet may be used as the base iron.
- a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet including the steel sheet for plating may be provided, and the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet may include a steel sheet for plating and a hot-dip plating layer formed on the surface of the steel sheet for plating.
- any commonly used hot dip galvanized steel sheet can be applied, and the type is not particularly limited.
- the steel sheet for plating includes preparing base iron; Performing electroplating on the base iron to form an Fe plating layer containing 5 to 50% by weight of oxygen; It can be manufactured by a process including the step of obtaining a steel sheet for plating by annealing the base iron on which the Fe plating layer is formed.
- oxides are generated at the grain boundaries of the fine recrystallized structure from the surface of the base iron, suppressing crystal growth, thereby creating irregular fine grains surrounded by fine oxides, while the oxygen content is reduced.
- the Fe plating layer does not contain oxidizing alloy elements such as Mn and Si, so oxides are not generated at the grain boundaries of the plating layer, and the Fe plating layer and the base material are not formed. Since oxides are generated at the iron interface, the Fe plating layer structure of uniform thickness and the crystal grains inside the base iron are distinguished.
- the dew point in the annealing furnace is set to -15°C ⁇ +30°C. Even if it is controlled, it does not necessarily have the same characteristics.
- the annealing internal oxidation method does not form a layered oxide layer, unlike the oxidation-reduction method, so it has excellent properties in improving plating adhesion during hot-dip galvanizing of steel sheets for hot press forming that contain large amounts of alloy elements such as Mn and Si, but annealing does not form a layered oxide layer. Since the water vapor in the furnace inevitably first oxidizes the surface of the steel sheet and then oxygen penetrates into it, surface oxide cannot be fundamentally removed.
- the present inventors formed a Fe plating layer containing a large amount of oxygen through many experiments and then annealed it in a high dew point atmosphere.
- oxygen was formed from the water vapor in the annealing furnace, oxygen was formed on the surface of the Fe plating layer, such as Mn and Si. It was discovered that oxygen contained in the Fe plating layer can effectively suppress diffusion to the surface by internally oxidizing alloy elements such as Mn and Si in the base iron, without forming surface oxides of elements. Oxygen introduced into the steel due to the high dew point in the annealing furnace further internally oxidizes the alloy elements.
- an Fe plating layer containing 5 to 50% by weight of oxygen is formed on a cold rolled steel sheet (base iron), and the mechanical properties of the steel sheet are secured in an annealing furnace controlled at a dew point of -15°C to +30°C. If the temperature is raised to 600 to 950°C and then cooled again to perform hot dip plating, non-plating is suppressed and a hot dip galvanized steel sheet with excellent plating adhesion can be obtained.
- the Fe plating layer can be formed through a continuous plating process, and the Fe plating amount at this time can be 0.5 to 3.0 g/m 2 based on the Fe adhesion amount. If the Fe plating amount is less than 0.5 g/m 2 , the effect of suppressing the diffusion of alloy elements by the Fe plating layer may be insufficient in a normal continuous annealing process. In addition, even if it exceeds 3.0 g/m 2 , the suppression effect of alloy elements can be further increased, but multiple plating cells must be operated to secure a high plating amount, and when an insoluble anode is used, the electroplating solution becomes rapidly acidic. This reduces plating efficiency and creates sludge, making it uneconomical.
- the Fe plating amount may be 1.0 to 2.0 g/m 2 .
- an internal oxide is formed at the interface or directly below the interface between the Fe plating layer and the base iron, so the maximum point of Mn and Si concentration exists in the region of 0.05 to 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the Fe plating amount of 0.5 to 3.0 g/m 2 of the present invention may correspond to a thickness of 0.05 to 0.4 ⁇ m after annealing.
- the Fe plating layer with the above-described high oxygen concentration controls the temperature, dew point temperature, and atmosphere of the subsequent annealing process, so that maximum and minimum points are formed in the GDS concentration profile of Mn and Si elements inside the steel sheet for plating, and the maximum point and minimum point are formed at the maximum point.
- the converted concentration and the converted concentration at the minimum point can satisfy the numerical range limited in one embodiment of the present invention.
- the oxygen concentration in the Fe plating layer may be 5 to 50% by weight, and in another embodiment, it may be 10 to 40% by weight. In order to obtain the surface oxide suppression effect, the amount of oxygen in the Fe plating layer must be sufficiently high.
- the surface oxide suppression effect can be obtained by increasing the Fe plating amount.
- plating must be performed in excess of 3.0 g/m 2 , so various problems described above may occur. You can.
- the oxygen content in the Fe plating layer is 5% by weight. Control as above.
- the surface oxide suppression effect during annealing can further increase.
- the upper limit is limited to 50% by weight. can do.
- the oxygen concentration in the Fe plating layer may be limited to 10 to 40%.
- the annealing temperature may be 600°C to 950°C based on the temperature of the steel sheet in the crack zone. If the annealing temperature is too low, the structure of the cold rolled steel sheet cannot be properly recovered and recrystallized, making it difficult to secure mechanical properties such as strength and elongation of the steel sheet. If the annealing temperature exceeds 950°C, alloy elements in the steel quickly diffuse to the surface, causing hot dip coating. The quality deteriorates and it is uneconomical because it is operated at unnecessarily high temperatures.
- the dew point inside the annealing furnace may be -15°C to +30°C.
- the dew point is below -15°C, the amount of oxygen flowing into the steel decreases, which only increases surface oxidation and does not cause internal oxidation, so a large amount of oxides exist on the surface, deteriorating hot dip plating quality.
- the dew point exceeds +30°C, internal oxidation increases, which further increases the effect of suppressing surface oxidation by suppressing diffusion of alloy elements.
- the humidification equipment capacity must be unnecessarily large, and the cooling capacity must be increased unnecessarily.
- the dew point can be managed within the range described above from 600 to 950°C, and can be managed under more relaxed conditions in the lower temperature range. In another embodiment of the present invention, the dew point may be limited to -10 to +20°C.
- the hydrogen concentration in the atmospheric gas during annealing can be set to 1% or more by volume.
- the hydrogen concentration is less than 1%, trace amounts of oxygen inevitably contained in H 2 and N 2 gas cannot be effectively oxidized and removed, which may increase the oxygen partial pressure and cause surface oxidation of the base iron.
- the hydrogen concentration exceeds 70%, the risk of explosion in case of gas leakage and the cost of high hydrogen work increase, so the hydrogen concentration can be set to 70% or less.
- Other than hydrogen (H 2 ) it may be substantially nitrogen (N 2 ), excluding impurity gases that are inevitably included.
- the holding time after reaching the target temperature during annealing can be limited to 5 to 120 seconds.
- annealing in order to sufficiently transfer heat to the inside of the base iron and obtain uniform mechanical properties in the thickness direction, it is necessary to maintain the annealing target temperature for more than 5 seconds.
- the high temperature annealing holding time is too long, diffusion of alloying interfering elements through the Fe plating layer increases, resulting in an increase in the amount of surface oxide produced, and as a result, hot dip plating quality becomes poor, so it can be limited to 120 seconds or less.
- Figure 2 schematically shows the phenomenon that occurs inside the steel sheet as the temperature of the steel sheet is raised according to the conditions of the present invention.
- Figure 2 (a) shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of base iron on which an Fe plating layer containing a large amount of oxygen is formed.
- the base iron contains alloy elements such as Mn and Si, and the Fe plating layer contains 5 to 50% by weight of oxygen and impurities that are inevitably mixed during electroplating, and the remainder is composed of Fe.
- Figure 2 (b) shows a state in which a Fe-plated cold-rolled steel sheet was heated to about 300-500°C in a nitrogen atmosphere containing 1 to 70% H 2 .
- the surface of the Fe plating layer which contains a large amount of oxygen, is gradually reduced and oxygen is removed, but at the interface between the Fe plating layer and the base iron, Mn, Si, etc. diffused from the base iron combine with the oxygen of the Fe plating layer to generate internal oxides on the surface. spread is suppressed.
- the Mn and Si diffused inside the base iron accumulate, and the internal oxide at the interface gradually grows.
- the amount of oxygen inside the Fe plating layer plays an important role, and if a lot of fine internal oxides are generated at the interface between the Fe plating layer and the base iron and inside the base iron at the low temperature stage, the alloy elements inside the base iron may continue to be internally oxidized. It acts as a possible oxide nucleus. In order for these oxide nuclei to be generated, the concentrations of oxygen and alloy elements must be high at the same time. If the Fe plating layer contains a sufficiently large amount of oxygen, oxide nuclei will form near the interface between the Fe plating layer with a high oxygen concentration and the base iron with a high alloying element concentration. Generated in large quantities.
- the Fe plating layer contains little oxygen, the alloy elements contained in the base iron pass through the Fe plating layer and form oxides on the surface.
- the oxygen in the Fe plating layer is further depleted, and the diffusion of alloying elements in the base iron is further aggravated, thereby increasing the production of surface oxides.
- Figure 2(c) shows a schematic cross-section of base iron when the temperature was raised to 500-700°C in the same reducing atmosphere.
- the dew point inside the annealing furnace it is recommended to control the dew point inside the annealing furnace to -15°C to +30°C.
- the temperature rises the Fe plating layer is sufficiently reduced and the oxygen concentration is lowered, so the release rate of oxygen slows down, while the rate at which water vapor in the annealing furnace dissociates and diffuses into the steel greatly increases. Therefore, if the dew point is raised from the range of 500 to 700°C, which is lower than the temperature at which the Fe plating layer is completely reduced, diffusion of Mn and Si inside the steel to the surface through the Fe plating layer can be effectively suppressed.
- Figure 2(d) shows a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a steel plate after being maintained at a high temperature in the range of 600 to 950°C while adjusting the dew point to -15°C to +30°C.
- Mn and Si are continuously diffused inside the base iron, and oxygen supplied from water vapor rapidly penetrates into the surface of the steel sheet, so Mn and Si are oxidized internally.
- the Fe plating layer is oxidized at the interface between the Fe plating layer and the base iron.
- Mn and Si oxides in the form of particles produced by reacting with oxygen act as nuclei from which oxides can grow, so the internal oxides grow concentrated at the interface between the Fe plating layer and the base iron.
- the diffusion rate of oxygen is faster than that of Mn and Si, which have larger atomic sizes, internal oxides are generated deeply not only at the grain boundaries within the base iron but also within the grains.
- the annealed steel sheet After the annealing step, the annealed steel sheet can be cooled. Since the cooling conditions in the cooling step after the annealing step do not significantly affect the surface quality of the final product, that is, the plating quality, there is no need to specifically limit the cooling conditions in the present invention. However, in order to prevent oxidation of iron components during the cooling process, an atmosphere that is at least reductive to iron may be applied.
- a hot-dip coating layer can be formed by hot-dipping the steel sheet for plating obtained through the above-described process.
- the hot dip plating method is not particularly limited.
- the type of plating of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a plating method used for steel sheets for hot press forming.
- Some non-limiting examples include hot-dip zinc plating and hot-dip aluminum plating. It is important to note that it is not necessary to use pure zinc or aluminum in hot-dip galvanizing or molten aluminum plating, and alloy plating containing magnesium, aluminum, zinc, or other alloying elements included in the plating layer can also be used.
- any base iron having the above-described alloy composition can be applied without limitation as the base iron for plating or hot-dip galvanized steel sheets according to the present invention, so the method of manufacturing the base iron may not be specifically limited.
- the Fe plating layer can be formed on the surface of the base iron through electroplating, and the oxygen concentration of the formed Fe plating layer can be controlled by appropriately controlling the conditions of the electroplating solution and plating conditions.
- iron ions including ferrous ions and ferric ions; complexing agent; and inevitable impurities, and the concentration of ferric ions among the iron ions is 5 to 60% by weight.
- the electroplating solution includes ferrous ions and ferric ions.
- ferrous ions In order to obtain high plating efficiency, it may be advantageous to include only ferrous ions. However, if only ferrous ions are included, the solution deteriorates and plating efficiency drastically decreases, which may cause quality deviation in the continuous electroplating process. , may further include the ferric ion.
- the concentration of the ferric ions is preferably 5 to 60% by weight, more preferably 5 to 40% by weight, of the total of ferrous and ferric ions.
- the rate at which ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron at the cathode is less than the rate at which ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric iron at the anode, so the ferric iron concentration rises rapidly and the pH drops rapidly, reducing plating efficiency. continues to deteriorate.
- the concentration of ferric ions exceeds 60%, the reaction amount for reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron at the cathode is greater than the reaction amount for reducing ferrous iron and precipitating it into metallic iron, so plating efficiency greatly decreases. And the plating quality deteriorates.
- the concentration of ferric ions among the iron ions is 5 to 60% by weight. It is desirable to make it so that .
- the concentration of iron ions is preferably 1 to 80 g per 1 L of the electroplating solution, and more preferably 10 to 50 g per 1 L. If it is less than 1g/L, there is a problem that plating efficiency and plating quality deteriorate rapidly. On the other hand, if it exceeds 80g/L, the solubility may be exceeded and precipitation may occur, and loss of raw materials due to loss of solution during the continuous plating process may occur. As it increases, it is not economical.
- the electroplating solution of the present invention contains a complexing agent.
- a complexing agent In order to maintain high plating efficiency without generating sludge while containing a large amount of ferric iron, it is preferable to use an amino acid or an amino acid polymer as a complexing agent.
- amino acid refers to an organic molecule in which a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amine group (-NH 2 ) are combined
- amino acid polymer refers to an organic molecule formed by polymerizing two or more amino acids.
- An amino acid polymer is a complexing agent similar to an amino acid. It represents the characteristics. Therefore, in the following description, amino acids and amino acid polymers are collectively referred to as amino acids.
- ferric iron Precipitation due to ions can be prevented.
- ferric ions can maintain positive ions even if they are complexed, ferric ions can easily be transferred to the cathode and reduced to ferrous ions to participate in the plating reaction, while transfer to the anode is suppressed and ferric ions are converted to ferric ions.
- the rate of ion generation is slowed, the ferric ion concentration is maintained at a constant level even if continuous plating is performed for a long period of time, plating efficiency is maintained constant, and there is no need to replace the electrolyte solution.
- sludge can be prevented by using an amino acid as a complexing agent, and not only ferrous ions but also ferric ions can be used as plating raw materials, and when a mixture of ferrous and ferric ions is used, the solution Since the pH change can be slowed and the accumulation of ferric ions can be easily prevented, electroplating efficiency and plating quality can be maintained consistently in a continuous electroplating process.
- the complexing agent is preferably added in an amount such that the molar concentration ratio between the iron ion and the complexing agent is 1:0.05 to 2.0, and more preferably 1:0.5 to 1.0. If it is less than 0.05, it does not prevent excessively contained ferric ions from combining with hydroxide ions or oxygen to form sludge, and even if ferric iron is not included, plating efficiency is greatly reduced and further causes burning, which reduces plating quality. It gets worse.
- the complexing agent is preferably at least one selected from amino acids or amino acid polymers.
- it may be at least one selected from alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, arginine, glutamine, glutamic acid, and glycylglycine.
- the temperature of the Fe electroplating solution does not significantly affect the quality of the Fe plating layer, but when it exceeds 80°C, evaporation of the solution becomes extreme and the concentration of the solution continuously changes, making uniform electroplating difficult.
- the pH of the Fe electroplating solution is less than 2.0, the electroplating efficiency decreases, making it unsuitable for the continuous plating process. If the pH exceeds 5.0, the plating efficiency increases, but sludge in which iron hydroxide precipitates is generated during continuous electroplating. This causes problems with pipe blockage, rolls, and equipment contamination.
- the current density is less than 3A/dm 2 , the plating overvoltage of the cathode decreases and Fe electroplating efficiency decreases, making it unsuitable for the continuous plating process. If the current density exceeds 120A/dm 2 , burning occurs on the plating surface and electricity is lost. The problem occurs that the plating layer is uneven and the Fe plating layer easily falls off.
- the present invention preferably contains 5 to 50% by weight of oxygen in the Fe plating layer.
- the causes of oxygen mixing in the Fe plating layer are as follows. In the process of iron precipitating on the surface of the steel sheet to which the cathode is applied, hydrogen ions are simultaneously reduced to hydrogen gas, causing the pH to rise. Therefore, both ferrous and ferric ions are temporarily combined with OH - ions and may be incorporated together when the Fe plating layer is formed.
- an anionic complexing agent such as acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, or EDTA
- the iron ion combined with the OH - ion of the complexing agent will have a negative charge on average, and if a cathode is applied for electroplating, an electrically repulsive force will occur. This prevents incorporation into the Fe plating layer.
- amino acids are electrically neutral at pH 2.0 to 5.0, and become positive ions in strong acids below pH 2.0. Even if 1 to 2 OH - are bonded to the iron ion bound to the amino acid, they become positive ions, so they are used as cathodes for electroplating. Excessive electrical attraction occurs and a large amount of oxygen is mixed.
- amino acids are used as complexing agents so that the molar concentration ratio of iron ions and amino acids is 1:0.05 to 1:2.0, and Fe electroplating is performed while maintaining pH 2.0 to 5.0, plating efficiency is high and sludge generation is suppressed.
- the plating amount of the Fe plating layer be 0.5 to 3.0 g/m 2 based on the iron concentration.
- the upper limit of the Fe plating amount is not particularly limited, but if it exceeds 3.0 g/m 2 in a continuous plating process, it is not economical because multiple plating cells are required or the production speed is reduced.
- the amount of Fe electroplating is large, the Fe electroplating solution is rapidly denatured in a continuous process, causing a drop in pH and a significant decrease in plating efficiency, making solution management difficult.
- the Fe plating amount is the iron concentration contained in the plating layer, and when the Fe plating layer is completely reduced during annealing, it has a thickness of about 0.05 to 0.4 ⁇ m.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 중량%로, Mn: 0.1~4%, Si: 0.001~2%, C: 0.02~0.6%, Al: 0.001~1%, P: 0.05% 이하, S: 0.02% 이하, Cr: 1% 이하, B: 0.01% 이하, 잔부 Fe 및 불가피한 불순물을 포함하는 조성을 가지고,표면으로부터 깊이방향으로 관찰한 Mn 성분의 GDS 프로파일과 Si 성분의 GDS 프로파일이 각각 순차적으로 극대점과 극소점을 포함하며,상기 Mn 성분의 GDS 프로파일의 극대점에서의 Mn 농도를 모재의 Mn 농도로 나눈 값과 상기 Mn 성분의 GDS 프로파일의 극소점에서의 Mn 농도를 모재의 Mn 농도로 나눈 값의 차이(Mn의 환산 농도 차)가 80% 이상이고,상기 Si 성분의 GDS 프로파일의 극대점에서의 Si 농도를 모재의 Si 농도로 나눈 값과 상기 Si 성분의 GDS 프로파일의 극소점에서의 Si 농도를 모재의 Si 농도로 나눈 값의 차이(Si의 환산 농도 차)가 50% 이상인 강판.단, 깊이 5㎛ 이내에서 극소점이 나타나지 않을 경우에는 깊이 5㎛ 지점을 극소점이 나타난 지점으로 한다.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 강판은 소지철 및 상기 소지철의 표면에 형성된 Fe 도금층을 포함하며, 상기 표면은 Fe 도금층의 표면인 강판.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 Mn의 환산 농도 차가 90% 이상이고, Si의 환산 농도 차가 60% 이상인 강판.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 극대점이 형성되는 깊이는 0.05~1.0㎛ 인 강판.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 4 항의 도금용 강판 및 상기 도금용 강판 위에 형성된 용융도금층을 포함하는 용융도금강판.
- 중량%로, Mn: 0.1~4%, Si: 0.001~2%, C: 0.02~0.6%, Al: 0.001~1%, P: 0.05% 이하, S: 0.02% 이하, Cr: 1% 이하, B: 0.01% 이하, 잔부 Fe 및 불가피한 불순물을 포함하는 조성을 가지는 소지철을 준비하는 단계;상기 소지철에 대하여 전기도금을 실시하여 산소가 5~50중량%로 포함된 Fe 도금층을 형성하는 단계; 및상기 Fe 도금층이 형성된 소지철을 이슬점 온도 -15~+30℃로 제어된 1~70%H2-나머지 N2 가스 분위기의 소둔로에서 600~950℃로 5~120초 동안 유지하여 소둔하는 단계를 포함하는 도금용 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서, 상기 Fe 도금층의 부착량은 0.5~3g/m2인 도금용 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항 또는 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 상기 착화제는 알라닌, 글리신, 세린, 트레오닌, 아르기닌, 글루타민, 글루탐산 및 글리실글리신 중에서 선택된 1종 이상인 도금용 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항 또는 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 전기도금용액은 제1철 이온 및 제2철 이온을 포함하고, 상기 제2철 이온은 전체 철 이온 대비 5 내지 60 중량%의 비율을 가지며, 상기 철 이온의 전체 농도는 상기 전기도금용액 1L당 1 내지 80g인 도금용 강판의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항 또는 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 전기도금은 용액 온도 80℃이하, 전류 밀도 3 내지 120A/dm2의 조건에서 이루어지는 도금용 강판의 제조방법.
- 중량%로, Mn: 0.1~4%, Si: 0.001~2%, C: 0.02~0.6%, Al: 0.001~1%, P: 0.05% 이하, S: 0.02% 이하, Cr: 1% 이하, B: 0.01% 이하, 잔부 Fe 및 불가피한 불순물을 포함하는 조성을 가지는 소지철을 준비하는 단계;상기 소지철에 대하여 전기도금을 실시하여 산소가 5~50중량%로 포함된 Fe 도금층을 형성하는 단계;상기 Fe 도금층이 형성된 소지철을 이슬점 온도 -15~+30℃으로 제어된 1~70%H2-나머지 N2 가스 분위기의 소둔로에서 600~950℃로 5~120초 동안 유지하여 소둔하여 도금용 강판을 얻는 단계; 및용융도금욕에 상기 도금용 강판을 침지하는 단계를 포함하는 용융도금강판의 제조방법.
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| CN202380045743.8A CN119256119A (zh) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-06-09 | 镀覆质量优异的热压成型用镀覆钢板、钢板及它们的制造方法 |
| US18/873,319 US20250346978A1 (en) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-06-09 | Plated steel sheet for hot press forming having excellent plating quality, steel sheet, and respective methods for manufacturing same |
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- 2023-06-09 JP JP2024572662A patent/JP2025521248A/ja active Pending
- 2023-06-09 EP EP23820144.6A patent/EP4538418A4/en active Pending
- 2023-06-09 CN CN202380045743.8A patent/CN119256119A/zh active Pending
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| US20250346978A1 (en) | 2025-11-13 |
| JP2025521248A (ja) | 2025-07-08 |
| EP4538418A1 (en) | 2025-04-16 |
| CN119256119A (zh) | 2025-01-03 |
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