WO2023243148A1 - 玉軸受の玉配置方法、玉軸受の製造方法及び製造装置、並びに機械及び車両の製造方法 - Google Patents
玉軸受の玉配置方法、玉軸受の製造方法及び製造装置、並びに機械及び車両の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023243148A1 WO2023243148A1 PCT/JP2023/006162 JP2023006162W WO2023243148A1 WO 2023243148 A1 WO2023243148 A1 WO 2023243148A1 JP 2023006162 W JP2023006162 W JP 2023006162W WO 2023243148 A1 WO2023243148 A1 WO 2023243148A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ball
- balls
- annular space
- jig
- ball bearing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P21/00—Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with program control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C43/00—Assembling bearings
- F16C43/04—Assembling rolling-contact bearings
- F16C43/06—Placing rolling bodies in cages or bearings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for arranging balls in a ball bearing, a method and apparatus for manufacturing ball bearings, and a method for manufacturing machines and vehicles.
- One way to produce (assemble) products made of multiple component parts, such as bearings is to set up multiple processing positions, such as a transfer machine, to reduce the amount of processing (assembly work) performed at one processing position, and to There is a production technology that transports items one after another to processing positions.
- An example of such a production technique is a method of arranging a plurality of balls at equal intervals between the inner and outer rings of a ball bearing.
- a plurality of balls accommodated between the inner and outer rings are inserted between the ball insertion process in which the balls are placed between the inner and outer rings, and the ball separation process in which the balls are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- a process of collecting balls is performed in which the balls are collected in one area in the circumferential direction. For this reason, the ball rubbing action that occurs during the ball collecting process is the cause of ball scratches.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that in a ball bearing, the balls after the ball insertion process are held in one area between the inner and outer rings without scattering, thereby eliminating the ball collecting process and changing the inclination of the entire equipment. This discloses a manufacturing technology for a ball bearing that enables the transition from the ball insertion process to the ball separation process in the same position.
- Patent Document 1 The configuration of Patent Document 1 described above is provided with a tilt operation function that controls the tilt angle of the entire manufacturing apparatus. Thereby, it is possible to process the ball insertion process and the ball separation process in which the inclination angle of the conveying surface is different in one position. Therefore, after the ball insertion process, the balls are held in one area between the inner and outer rings without scattering, and then the tips of a plurality of work arrows corresponding to the number of balls are sequentially inserted in the axial direction to insert the balls. They can be arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the present invention has developed a method for arranging balls in a ball bearing that suppresses friction and deformation of members, suppresses the occurrence of ball scratches, can be applied to ball bearings with a large number of balls, and shortens takt time.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method, a manufacturing device, and a manufacturing method for machines and vehicles.
- the present invention consists of the following configuration.
- the inner ring is moved to the side opposite to the one region with respect to the outer ring, and the annular space is expanded in the radial direction in the one region, and then the balls are loaded.
- the flow prevention step inserts the flow prevention jig into the annular space along the axial direction of the inner ring and the outer ring
- the block separation step inserts the block separation jig into the inner ring and the outer ring.
- a work holding table that holds an inner ring and an outer ring by forming an annular space between the inner ring and the outer ring; a ball holder for loading a plurality of balls into an area along the circumferential direction of an annular space formed between the inner ring and the outer ring held on the work holding table; A stopper jig for keeping the plurality of loaded balls within the one area and a block dividing jig for grouping the plurality of balls are movably arranged outside the one area of the annular space in the circumferential direction.
- a flow stopper/block separation mechanism When the flow prevention jig and the block division jig are removed from the annular space from the state in which the flow prevention jig and the block division jig are disposed in the annular space, between the plurality of beads, a ball dividing part that sequentially inserts tips of a plurality of work arrows protruding according to the number of balls in the axial direction and arranges the plurality of balls at equal intervals in the circumferential direction; Ball bearing manufacturing equipment equipped with.
- the ball bearing manufacturing apparatus according to (7) including an inner ring moving mechanism that moves the inner ring with respect to the outer ring to the opposite side of the one area, and widens the annular space in the radial direction in the one area.
- the ball bearing manufacturing apparatus according to (7) or (8), further comprising a tilting mechanism that tilts vertical surfaces in the axial direction of the inner ring and the outer ring held on the workpiece holding table.
- the flow prevention jig and the block dividing jig are formed in a plate shape that is curved along the circumferential direction of the annular space and narrowed along the direction of insertion into the annular space.
- the dividing portion includes a base portion formed in an annular shape, and a plurality of work arrows that are erected on the base portion and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the plurality of work arrows are , the ball bearing manufacturing apparatus according to any one of (7) to (10), wherein the ball bearing manufacturing apparatus is arranged in a symmetrical positional relationship along the circumferential direction.
- the plurality of work arrows include a reference work arrow arranged at the center of the symmetry, and work arrows other than the reference work arrow are arranged in a range close to the reference work arrow along the circumferential direction.
- the ball bearing manufacturing apparatus wherein the shaft length gradually increases as the distance from the standard work arrow increases, and in a range exceeding the range, the shaft length gradually decreases as the distance from the standard work arrow increases.
- Manufacturing equipment (14) A method for manufacturing a machine using the method for manufacturing a ball bearing according to (6).
- (15) A method for manufacturing a vehicle using the method for manufacturing a ball bearing according to (6).
- the ball arrangement of the ball bearing can suppress the friction and deformation of members, thereby suppressing the occurrence of ball scratches, making it possible to support ball bearings with a large number of balls, and shortening takt time. .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing the configuration of a ball bearing manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing the operation of the ball bearing manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a workpiece that is a ball bearing.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a flow prevention jig.
- FIG. 5A is a front view of the block dividing jig.
- FIG. 5B is a side view of the block dividing jig.
- FIG. 5C is a bottom view of the block dividing jig.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the ball dividing section.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the ball placement work.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the ball placement work.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining the ball insertion process, and is a perspective view of the workpiece before the ball is inserted.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating the ball insertion process, and is a perspective view of the workpiece after the balls have been inserted.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing a state in which the balls are accommodated in the annular space, and is a plan view of a workpiece with no deformation allowance in which the balls are held between the inner ring and the outer ring.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a state in which the balls are accommodated in the annular space, and is a plan view of a workpiece with a deformation margin in which the balls are held between the inner ring and the outer ring.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing a state in which the balls are accommodated in the annular space, and is a plan view of a workpiece with no deformation allowance in which the balls are held between the inner ring and the outer ring.
- FIG. 10A is a perspective view of a workpiece, a flow prevention jig, and a block dividing jig for explaining the flow prevention process.
- FIG. 10B is a perspective view of a workpiece, a flow prevention jig, and a block dividing jig for explaining the flow prevention process.
- FIG. 10C is a perspective view of a workpiece, a flow prevention jig, and a block dividing jig for explaining the flow prevention process.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic development diagram illustrating the state in which the balls are arranged in the ball dividing process.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram of a motor to which a bearing is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing the configuration of a ball bearing manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing the operation of the ball bearing manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG.
- the ball bearing manufacturing apparatus 100 includes a ball arrangement unit 15 installed on a base 13 via a rotating shaft 14.
- the ball arrangement unit 15 includes a workpiece holding table 17, an inner ring moving mechanism 18, a ball insertion section 19, a tilting operation mechanism 21, a flow stopper/block separation mechanism 23, and a ball separation section 25.
- the ball arrangement unit 15 can be placed in a horizontal state (the state shown in FIG. 1) in which the workpiece holding table 17 provided on the upper part thereof is arranged horizontally, or in an inclined state in which the workpiece holding table 17 is inclined at an inclination angle ⁇ with respect to the horizontal plane (the state shown in FIG.
- the tilting mechanism 21 swings between the state shown in FIG.
- the work holding table 17 holds the work W above the ball arrangement unit 15.
- the workpiece holding table 17 has a holding portion 41 .
- a workpiece W is fitted into this holding portion 41 from above.
- the workpiece holding table 17 is provided with a locking member 43 that moves toward and away from the holding portion 41 .
- the workpiece W is fitted into the holding portion 41 and is pressed against the locking member 43 to be fixed to the workpiece holding table 17 .
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a workpiece that is a ball bearing.
- the workpiece W has an inner ring 1, an outer ring 3, and a plurality of balls 7 (13 in this example) that are rolling elements.
- a plurality of balls 7 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in an annular space 5 between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3.
- the balls 7 are held by a holder (not shown). That is, by assembling the works W, the ball bearing 9 is formed.
- a plurality of balls 7 are inserted into the annular space 5 between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3, and the plurality of balls 7 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Can be done.
- the inner ring moving mechanism 18 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has an inner ring support shaft 39.
- the inner ring support shaft 39 is fitted into the inner ring 1 of the workpiece W held by the holding portion 41 of the workpiece holding table 17 from below.
- This inner ring support shaft 39 is tilted along with the tilting operation of the ball arrangement unit 15, and is always arranged coaxially with the axis of the workpiece W.
- the ball receiving section 19 is supported by a support section 45 provided on the upper surface of the ball placement unit 15.
- the support section 45 includes a column section 47 erected on the upper surface of the ball arrangement unit 15 and an arm section 49 extending from the upper end of the column section 47 toward the workpiece holding table 17 .
- the ball insertion part 19 is supported by the tip of the arm part 49.
- the ball insertion part 19 is used to insert a plurality of balls 7 into the annular space 5 (see FIG. 3) between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3 in the workpiece W held by the holding part 41 of the workpiece holding table 17. be done.
- the flow stopping/blocking mechanism 23 is supported at the tip of the arm portion 49 of the support portion 45.
- the flow prevention/block separation mechanism 23 includes a flow prevention jig 51 and a block separation jig 52 that move up and down relative to the workpiece holding table 17.
- the flow stopper jig 51 and the block dividing jig 52 are driven downward, so that their tip ends move into the annular space between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3 of the workpiece W held by the holding part 41 of the workpiece holding table 17. 5 (see Figure 3).
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the flow stopper jig 51.
- the flow prevention jig 51 forms part of a circular tube shape that curves along the circumferential direction of the annular space 5, and narrows along the insertion direction into the annular space 5 (downward in FIG. 4). It is formed into a plate shape.
- the flow prevention jig 51 connects a partially cylindrical body portion 51a and a tapered portion 51b that is joined to the lower end of the body portion 51a with the same curvature and becomes narrower downward from the body portion 51a. It will be set up.
- a notch 51c is formed that extends straight from the lower end of the tapered portion 51b toward the main body portion 51a.
- FIG. 5A is a front view of the block dividing jig 52.
- FIG. 5B is a side view of the block dividing jig 52.
- FIG. 5C is a bottom view of the block dividing jig 52.
- the block dividing jig 52 is also curved along the circumferential direction of the annular space 5 and narrowed along the direction of insertion into the annular space 5 (downward in FIGS. 5A and 5B). It is formed into a round plate shape.
- the block dividing jig 52 includes a main body part 52a having a partially cylindrical shape, and a tapered part 52b that extends toward the lower end (tip in the insertion direction) of the main body part 52a with the same curvature as the main body part 52a, and becomes narrower toward the lower end. It becomes by setting up consecutively.
- the length of the stopper jig 51 in the vertical direction is longer than the length of the block dividing jig 52 in the vertical direction.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the ball division part 25.
- the ball division part 25 is formed by consecutively installing a base part 61 formed in an annular shape and a plurality of working arrows 63 having different lengths.
- the working arrows 63 are erected on the base portion 61 and are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the ball dividing section 25 includes the same number of working arrows 63 as the number of balls 7 (13 in this example).
- These plurality of work arrows 63 include one reference work arrow 63A.
- the other work arrows 63 are arranged in a symmetrical positional relationship along the circumferential direction with reference to the reference work arrow 63A.
- a work arrow 63 is arranged.
- the reference work arrow 63A is longer than the work arrows 63 on both sides thereof.
- the work arrows 63 which are arranged at symmetrical positions along both circumferential sides of the standard work arrow 63A, have their axial lengths increasing as they move away from the standard work arrow 63A within a range of ⁇ 90 degrees in center angle from the standard work arrow 63A.
- the shaft length gradually becomes longer, and when the center angle exceeds the range of ⁇ 90 degrees from the reference work arrow 63A, the axial length becomes gradually shorter as the distance from the reference work arrow 63A increases.
- the tip of the reference work arrow 63A has a planar shape substantially perpendicular to the direction of protrusion from the base portion 61.
- the tip of the work arrow 63 located within ⁇ 90 degrees at the center angle from the standard work arrow 63A is an inclined surface facing the standard work arrow 63A side along the circumferential direction, and is located within ⁇ 90 degrees at the center angle from the standard work arrow 63A.
- the tip portion of the work arrow 63 arranged at an angle of more than ⁇ 90 degrees is an inclined surface facing opposite to the reference work arrow 63A side along the circumferential direction.
- each work arrow 63 having a symmetrical positional relationship with respect to the standard work arrow 63A has a shape that is a mirror image with respect to a plane passing through the center of the standard work arrow 63A and the axis of the ball division part 25, They do not necessarily have to be the same.
- the flow prevention jig 51 and the block separation jig 52 of the flow prevention/block separation mechanism 23 and the ball separation part 25 are arranged above and below across the workpiece W held by the holding part 41 of the workpiece holding table 17. .
- a flow prevention jig 51 and a block dividing jig 52 are arranged above the workpiece W, and a ball dividing part 25 is arranged below the workpiece W.
- the reference work arrow 63A of the bead dividing portion 25 is arranged to be on the lower side of the workpiece W's inclination.
- the ball separating section 25 may be arranged above the workpiece W, and the flow prevention jig 51 and the block separating jig 52 may be arranged below the workpiece W.
- step S1 The workpiece W being transported is held by the holding part 41 of the workpiece holding table 17 with respect to the ball arrangement unit 15 in a horizontal state (step S1). At this time, the inner ring 1 is supported by the inner ring support shaft 39 inserted into its inner periphery, and the outer ring 3 is fixed to the holding part 41 by the lock member 43.
- the tilting mechanism 21 brings the ball arrangement unit 15 into a tilted state in which the workpiece holding table 17 is tilted at an angle of inclination ⁇ with respect to the horizontal plane (step S2).
- the inner ring support shaft 39 of the inner ring moving mechanism 18 is tilted together with the tilting operation of the ball arrangement unit 15.
- the center axis of the inner ring support shaft 39 of the inner ring moving mechanism 18 is disposed at a position displaced to the lower side of the slope (left side in FIG. 2) in a plane orthogonal to the center axis of the workpiece W.
- the center of the inner ring 1 is eccentric to the lower side of the inclination with respect to the center of the outer ring 3.
- the annular space 5 between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3 becomes narrower on the lower side of the slope, and widens in the radial direction in a region on the upper side of the slope (see FIG. 8A).
- FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining the ball insertion process, and is a perspective view of the workpiece before the ball is inserted.
- FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating the ball insertion process, and is a perspective view of the workpiece after the balls have been inserted.
- the balls 7 are inserted from the ball holder 19 into the annular space 5 between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3 held on the workpiece holding table 17 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) (step S3).
- the annular space 5 is in a state where the upper side of the slope is widened, and the balls 7 can be easily and smoothly loaded into the annular space 5 by the ball insertion part 19.
- the balls 7 roll and move from side to side due to their own weight without staying at the loading location. Thereby, when loading the balls 7, the already loaded balls 7 do not get in the way.
- the balls 7 placed in the annular space 5 are collected and accommodated in a wider area on the upper side of the slope. That is, the balls 7 loaded in the annular space 5 are accommodated in a state where they are gathered in one area along the circumferential direction of the annular space 5.
- the ball arrangement unit 15 is returned to the horizontal state (the state shown in FIG. 1) in which the work holding table 17 is horizontal by the tilting mechanism 21 (step S4).
- the central axis of the inner ring support shaft 39 is moved to a position coaxial with the axis of the workpiece W.
- the centers of the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 1 are aligned, and the annular space 5 becomes an even gap in the circumferential direction.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing a state in which the balls are accommodated in the annular space, and is a plan view of a workpiece in which the balls are held between the inner ring and the outer ring and has no deformation allowance.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a state in which the balls are accommodated in the annular space, and is a plan view of a workpiece with a deformation margin in which the balls are held between the inner ring and the outer ring.
- the balls gather in one area, and the outer side of this area in the circumferential direction becomes a space portion where there are no balls 7.
- the area (center angle) ⁇ of this space portion is in the range of 180° or more.
- the workpiece W has a deformation margin in which the balls 7 are held in the grooves of the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3, as shown in FIG. (Central angle) ⁇ is in a range of less than 180°.
- FIG. 10A, FIG. 10B, and FIG. 10C are perspective views showing a workpiece W, a flow prevention jig 51, and a block division jig 52 in order to explain the flow prevention process and the block division process.
- the flow stopper jig 51 of the flow stopper/block dividing mechanism 23 (FIG. 1) is inserted into the annular space 5 of the workpiece W in the space where the balls 7 are not present, along the axial direction of the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3 from above.
- Step S5 the balls 7 that have been gathered in one area can roll and move to a space where there are no balls 7.
- the flow prevention jig 51 in the annular space 5 the movement of the loaded balls 7 can be restricted and the balls 7 can be kept within one area, as shown in FIG. 10A.
- the block dividing jig 52 is inserted into the annular space 5 of the workpiece W on the side radially facing the flow stop jig 51 (step S6).
- the flow prevention jig 51 is moved in the extraction direction (anti-insertion direction).
- the circumferential length that the tapered portion 52b of the block dividing jig 52 occupies within the annular space 5 becomes longer, and the circumferential length that the tapered portion 51b of the flow stopper jig 51 occupies within the annular space 5 becomes shorter.
- the block dividing jig 52 is allowed to be inserted into the annular space 5, and the balls 7 move in the circumferential direction while being sandwiched between the stopper jig 51 and the block dividing jig 52.
- the balls 7 are divided into two groups within the annular space 5 by the flow stopping jig 51 and the block dividing jig 52.
- the operation of inserting the flow prevention jig 51 and the block dividing jig 52 into the annular space 5 is a horizontal operation that returns the ball arrangement unit 15 horizontally, moves the inner ring 1, and aligns the centers of the outer ring 3 and the inner ring 1.
- the process may be carried out after the ball arrangement unit 15 is made horizontal.
- the longest working arrow 63 other than the standard working arrow 63A enters between the flow prevention jig 51 and the block dividing jig 52. Since the flow prevention jig 51 and the block division jig 52 have the tapered portions 51b and 52b, the upper end of the longest working arrow 63 is prevented from interfering with the flow prevention jig 51 and the block division jig 52. . On the other hand, since the reference work arrow 63A enters and is accommodated in the notch 51c of the flow stopper jig 51, the reference work arrow 63A does not interfere with the flow stopper jig 51.
- step S7 As the ball dividing portion 25 rises, the tips of a plurality of work arrows 63 protruding from between the balls 7 arranged in the annular space 5 and divided into two groups according to the number of balls 7 are sequentially axially moved.
- the balls 7 are inserted and arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction (step S7).
- the rising speeds of the flow stopping jig 51 and the block dividing jig 52 and the ball dividing part 25 are approximately the same. Therefore, when the flow stopping jig 51, the block dividing jig 52, and the ball dividing portion 25 move up, the relative positions of the flow preventing jig 51 and the ball dividing portion 25 hardly change. That is, the relative positions of the flow stopping jig 51, the block dividing jig 52, the ball dividing part 25, and the balls 7 change. That is, the ball dividing part 25 enters by the amount that the flow prevention jig 51 and the block dividing jig 52 have retreated, and the work arrow 63 is allowed to enter between the balls 7.
- a cage (not shown) that holds the balls 7 is fitted into the annular space 5, thereby forming a ball bearing in which the balls 7 are evenly arranged and held so as to be able to roll.
- the ball arrangement method of the ball bearing there is a “tilting operation” that changes the inclination angle of the entire device, a “stopping process” that prevents balls from scattering during ball insertion, and a ball insertion process.
- a “block division process” in which the balls are collected in a part of the area between the inner and outer rings and distributed into two areas, and work arrows are sequentially inserted into the balls distributed in each area in the circumferential direction. It has a “block division process” in which the blocks are arranged at equal intervals. Due to the flow stopping process, the balls that have flowed between the inner and outer rings can be held in one place without scattering and proceed to the separating process, making the conventional ball collecting process unnecessary.
- the ball insertion step and the ball separating step which have different inclination angles of the conveying surface, can be performed simultaneously without horizontally moving the inner ring and the outer ring. Can be processed in one position.
- the balls held in one location are distributed into two areas so that they can be separated.
- This is a block separation process that prevents the loaded balls from scattering between the inner and outer rings by implementing a flow prevention process that prevents the balls from scattering during ball insertion, and a block division process that distributes the balls into two areas. This has been achieved by implementing the following. After that, the process can proceed to the ball dividing process, so the conventional ball collecting process becomes unnecessary.
- the problem that the work shaft becomes elongated and has low rigidity, which easily causes friction and deformation, is solved, and there is no snapping allowance.
- Workpieces can also be assembled in a similar manner.
- the balls 7 are divided into two regions, and the tips of a plurality of work arrows 63 protruding according to the number of balls 7 in each region are sequentially inserted in the axial direction to move the plurality of balls 7 in the circumferential direction. are arranged at equal intervals. Thereby, wear and deformation of the ball dividing portion 25 and occurrence of scratches on the ball 7 can be suppressed, and the working time can be shortened.
- the occurrence of ball scratches can be reduced by eliminating the ball rubbing action in the ball collecting process.
- the block dividing process and the block ball dividing process even if the number of balls is large, the working arrow 63 can be made relatively short and highly rigid, and friction and deformation can be suppressed.
- the insertion load of the working arrow 63 can be reduced, damage to the balls 7 and deformation of the ball separating portion 25 can be suppressed, and the time for separating the balls can be shortened.
- the number of man-hours for ball arrangement work in the ball bearing can be reduced and workability can be improved. Additionally, by eliminating the ball rubbing action during the ball collecting process, the risk of ball damage can be reduced. Moreover, by continuously performing the ball insertion process and the ball separation process, even a ball bearing with no deformation allowance in which the balls 7 are held between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3 can be easily assembled.
- the inner ring 1 is moved to the side opposite to one area with respect to the outer ring 3, and the balls 7 are loaded after expanding the annular space 5 in the radial direction in one area. Therefore, the ball can be inserted into the annular space 5 smoothly.
- the flow stopper jig 51 is inserted into the annular space 5 along the axial direction of the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3. Therefore, the movement of the balls 7 gathered in one area can be regulated by the flow prevention jig 51, and scattering of the balls 7 can be suppressed. Thereby, the balls 7 inserted into the annular space 5 can be divided into balls while being held in one place without scattering them.
- the block dividing jig 52 is inserted into the annular space 5 along the axial direction of the inner ring 1 and outer ring 3.
- the plurality of balls 7 can be divided into two groups, and the length of the working arrow 63 can be shortened.
- the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3 are tilted with one area upward from the horizontal plane. Therefore, the balls 7 placed in one area of the annular space 5 move downward by their own weight and are arranged in order. This allows the ball insertion process to be carried out smoothly.
- the steps from the ball insertion process to the ball separation process can be performed continuously without horizontally conveying the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3. Therefore, scattering of the balls 7 during horizontal conveyance can be eliminated, and workability can be improved.
- the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 3 are A ball bearing in which balls 7 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction in an annular space 5 between the two can be easily manufactured.
- the ball dividing process of arranging the balls 7 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction by the 25 working arrows 63 can be carried out continuously.
- the ball collecting step of collecting the balls 7 put into the annular space 5 in one place in the ball putting step can be omitted. Therefore, the number of man-hours required for ball arrangement work in the ball bearing can be reduced and work efficiency can be improved.
- the occurrence of ball scratches can be reduced.
- by continuously carrying out the ball insertion process and the ball separation process even a ball bearing with no deformation allowance in which the balls are held between the inner ring and the outer ring can be easily assembled.
- the balls 7 placed in one area of the annular space 5 move downward under their own weight. and arranged in order. Thereby, the ball insertion work by the ball insertion part 19 can be carried out smoothly.
- the flow stopper jig 51 and the block dividing jig 52 are formed into a plate shape that is curved along the circumferential direction of the annular space 5 and narrowed along the insertion direction into the annular space 5. Thereby, the movement of the balls 7 within the annular space 5 can be well restricted by the flow prevention jig 51 and the block dividing jig 52.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can combine the configurations of the embodiments with each other, modify and apply them based on the description of the specification and well-known techniques. It is also contemplated by the present invention to do so, and is within the scope for which protection is sought.
- the method for manufacturing rolling bearings described above can also be applied to manufacturing various machines (including manually powered instruments) equipped with rolling bearings.
- linear motion devices such as rails and sliders
- ball screw devices and screw devices such as screw shafts and nuts
- devices that combine linear motion guide bearings and ball screws actuators such as XY tables, etc.
- actuators such as XY tables, etc.
- steering devices such as steering columns, universal joints, intermediate gears, rack and pinions, electric power steering devices, worm reducers, and torque sensors.
- the present invention can be widely applied to the above-mentioned machines, vehicles including steering devices, machine tools, housing equipment, etc. Machines, vehicles, etc. obtained in this way can be constructed at lower cost and with higher quality than before.
- the motor 71 is a brushless motor and includes a cylindrical center housing 75 and a substantially disc-shaped front housing 77 that closes one open end of the center housing 75.
- a freely rotatable rotating shaft 73 is supported inside the center housing 75 along its axis via bearings 200A and 200B arranged at the front housing 77 and the bottom of the center housing 75.
- a rotor 79 for driving a motor is provided around the rotating shaft 73, and a stator 81 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the center housing 75.
- the motor 71 configured as described above is generally mounted on a machine or a vehicle, and rotationally drives a rotating shaft 73 supported by bearings 200A and 200B.
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Abstract
Description
(1) 内輪と外輪との間に形成される環状空間の円周方向に沿った一領域に、複数の玉を装填する玉入れ工程と、
前記環状空間の前記一領域の円周方向外側に、装填した前記複数の玉を前記一領域内に留めるように流れ止め治具を配置する流れ止め工程と、
前記環状空間において前記複数の玉をグループ分けするようにブロック分け治具を配置するブロック分け工程と、
前記環状空間に前記流れ止め治具及び前記ブロック分け治具が配置された状態から、前記流れ止め治具及び前記ブロック分け治具を前記環状空間から抜き取りながら、前記複数の玉の間に、前記玉の数に応じて突設される複数の作業矢の先端を軸方向に順次挿入して、前記複数の玉を円周方向に等間隔に配置する玉分け工程と、
をこの順に実施する玉軸受の玉配置方法。
(2) 前記玉入れ工程は、前記外輪に対して前記内輪を前記一領域と反対側へ移動させ、前記環状空間を前記一領域において径方向へ広げてから前記玉を装填する(1)に記載の玉軸受の玉配置方法。
(3) 前記流れ止め工程は、前記流れ止め治具を、前記内輪及び前記外輪の軸方向に沿って前記環状空間に挿入し、前記ブロック分け工程は、前記ブロック分け治具を、前記内輪及び前記外輪の軸方向に沿って前記環状空間に挿入する(1)又は(2)に記載の玉軸受の玉配置方法。
(4) 前記玉入れ工程は、前記内輪及び前記外輪を水平面から前記一領域を上にして傾斜させる(1)から(3)のいずれか一つに記載の玉軸受の玉配置方法。
(5) 前記玉入れ工程から前記玉分け工程までを、前記内輪及び前記外輪を水平搬送させずに連続して実施する(1)から(4)のいずれか一つに記載の玉軸受の玉配置方法。
(6) (1)から(5)のいずれか一つに記載の玉配置方法によって、前記内輪と前記外輪との間の前記環状空間に前記玉が等間隔に配置された玉軸受を製造する玉軸受の製造方法。
(7) 内輪と外輪とを、前記内輪と前記外輪との間に環状空間を形成して保持させるワーク保持台と、
前記ワーク保持台に保持された前記内輪と前記外輪との間に形成される環状空間の円周方向に沿った一領域に、複数の玉を装填する玉入れ部と、
前記環状空間の前記一領域の円周方向外側に、装填した前記複数の玉を前記一領域内に留める流れ止め治具及び前記複数の玉をグループ分けするブロック分け治具を移動可能に配置する流れ止め・ブロック分け機構と、
前記環状空間に前記流れ止め治具及び前記ブロック分け治具が配置された状態から、前記流れ止め治具及び前記ブロック分け治具が前記環状空間から抜き取られる際に、前記複数の玉間に、前記玉の数に応じて突設される複数の作業矢の先端を軸方向に順次挿入して、前記複数の玉を円周方向に等間隔に配置する玉分け部と、
を備える玉軸受の製造装置。
(8) 前記外輪に対して前記内輪を前記一領域と反対側へ移動させ、前記環状空間を前記一領域において径方向へ広げる内輪移動機構を備える(7)に記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
(9) 前記ワーク保持台に保持された前記内輪と前記外輪の軸方向垂直面を傾斜させる傾斜動作機構を備える(7)又は(8)に記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
(10) 前記流れ止め治具及び前記ブロック分け治具は、前記環状空間の円周方向に沿って湾曲し、且つ、前記環状空間への挿入方向に沿って窄まる板状に形成されている(7)から(9)のいずれか一つに記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
(11) 前記玉分け部は、環状に形成された土台部と、前記土台部に立設され円周方向に等間隔に配置された複数の作業矢とを有し、前記複数の作業矢は、周方向に沿って対称な位置関係で配置される(7)から(10)のいずれか一つに記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
(12) 前記複数の作業矢は、前記対称の中心に配置される基準作業矢を含み、前記基準作業矢以外の作業矢は、前記円周方向に沿って前記基準作業矢に近い範囲では、前記基準作業矢から離れるにしたがって軸長が漸次長くなり、前記範囲を超える範囲では、前記基準作業矢から離れるにしたがって軸長が漸次短くなる(11)に記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
(13) 前記流れ止め治具は、前記基準作業矢と軸方向に重なる位置に配置された場合に、前記基準作業矢を収容する切欠を有する(11)又は(12)に記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
(14) (6)に記載の玉軸受の製造方法を用いる機械の製造方法。
(15) (6)に記載の玉軸受の製造方法を用いる車両の製造方法。
図1は、実施形態に係る玉軸受の製造装置の構成を示す概略側面図である。図2は、図1に示す玉軸受の製造装置の動作を示す概略側面図である。
ブロック分け治具52も、図5A~図5Cに示すように、環状空間5の円周方向に沿って湾曲し、環状空間5への挿入方向(図5A,図5Bの下方)に沿って窄まる板状に形成される。
玉分け部25は、環状に形成された土台部61と、長さが異なる複数の作業矢63と、を連設してなる。作業矢63は、土台部61に立設されており、円周方向に等間隔に配置される。玉分け部25は、玉7の数と同数(本例では13本)の作業矢63を備える。これら複数の作業矢63には、一本の基準作業矢63Aが含まれる。他の作業矢63は、基準作業矢63Aを基準として、周方向に沿って対称となる位置関係で配置される。つまり、基準作業矢63Aを中心として、周方向一方の側と他方の側に沿って、それぞれ対応する周方向位置(基準作業矢63Aからの距離が等しい周方向位置)に同じ形状、高さの作業矢63が配置されている。基準作業矢63Aは、その両隣の作業矢63よりも長い。基準作業矢63Aの周方向両側に沿って互いに対称位置に配置された作業矢63は、基準作業矢63Aから中心角で±90度の範囲内では、基準作業矢63Aから離れるにしたがって軸長が漸次長くなり、基準作業矢63Aから中心角で±90度の範囲を超えると、基準作業矢63Aから離れるにしたがって軸長が漸次短くなる。
水平状態の玉配置ユニット15に対して、搬送されるワークWをワーク保持台17の保持部41に保持させる(ステップS1)。このとき、内輪1は、その内周に内輪支持軸39が挿入されて支持され、外輪3は、ロック部材43によって保持部41に固定される。
傾斜動作機構21によって玉配置ユニット15を、ワーク保持台17が水平面に対して傾斜角θで傾いた傾斜状態とする(ステップS2)。このとき、内輪移動機構18の内輪支持軸39を玉配置ユニット15の傾斜動作と共に傾斜させる。さらに、内輪移動機構18の内輪支持軸39の中心軸を、ワークWの中心軸に対する直交面において傾斜の下方側(図2の左方側)に変位した位置に配置させる。このようにすることで、外輪3中心に対して内輪1の中心が傾斜の下方側に偏心する。これにより、内輪1と外輪3との間の環状空間5は、傾斜の下方側が狭まり、傾斜の上方側の一領域で径方向に広がった状態となる(図8A参照)。
図8Aは、玉入れ工程を説明する図で、玉を入れる前のワークの斜視図である。図8Bは、玉入れ工程を説明する図で、玉を入れた後のワークの斜視図である。
図8Aに示すように、ワーク保持台17(図1,図2参照)に保持させた内輪1と外輪3との間の環状空間5に、玉入れ部19から玉7を入れる(ステップS3)。このとき、環状空間5は、傾斜の上方側が広がった状態となっており、玉入れ部19によって環状空間5へ玉7を容易かつ円滑に装填できる。また、玉7は自重により装填箇所に留まることなく左右へ転がって移動する。これにより、玉7を装填する際に、既に装填された玉7が邪魔にならない。そして、図8Bに示すように、この環状空間5に入れた玉7は、傾斜の上方側で広くなった領域に集められた状態で収容される。つまり、環状空間5に装填された玉7は、環状空間5の円周方向に沿った一領域に集められた状態で収容される。
傾斜動作機構21によって玉配置ユニット15を、ワーク保持台17が水平となる水平状態(図1の状態)に戻す(ステップS4)。このとき、内輪支持軸39の中心軸をワークWの軸芯と同軸となる位置に移動させる。これにより、外輪3及び内輪1の中心が一致され、環状空間5が円周方向に均等な隙間となる。
図9Aに示すように、円周方向の隙間が均等になった環状空間5では、玉7が一領域に集まり、この一領域の円周方向外側が玉7のない空間部分となる。内輪1と外輪3の間に玉7が保持される変形代がないワークでは、この空間部分の領域(中心角)αは、180°以上の範囲となる。なお、ワークWが、内輪1と外輪3の溝に玉7が保持される変形代を有する場合、図9Bに示すように、一領域の円周方向外側における玉7が存在しない空間部分の領域(中心角)αは、180°未満の範囲となる。
図10A,図10B,図10Cは、流れ止め工程及びブロック分け工程を説明するために、ワークWと流れ止め治具51及びブロック分け治具52とを示す斜視図である。
ワークWの環状空間5における玉7のない空間部分に、まず、流れ止め・ブロック分け機構23(図1)の流れ止め治具51を、上方から内輪1及び外輪3の軸方向に沿って挿入する(ステップS5)。ここで、外輪3及び内輪1の中心を一致させると、一領域に集められていた玉7は、玉7のない空間部分へ転がって移動可能となる。しかし、環状空間5に流れ止め治具51を挿入して配置することで、図10Aに示すように、装填された玉7の移動を制限し、玉7を一領域内に留めることができる。
図10Cに示すように、環状空間5に流れ止め治具51及びブロック分け治具52が配置された状態から、流れ止め治具51及びブロック分け治具52を環状空間5から抜き取りながら、ワークWに対して玉分け部25を上昇させ、環状空間5に複数の作業矢63を挿入する。
3 外輪
5 環状空間
7 玉
9 玉軸受
17 ワーク保持台
18 内輪移動機構
19 玉入れ部
21 傾斜動作機構
23 流れ止め・ブロック分け機構
25 玉分け部
51 流れ止め治具
52 ブロック分け治具
63 作業矢
71 モータ
100 玉軸受の製造装置
200A,200B 軸受
Claims (18)
- 内輪と外輪との間に形成される環状空間の円周方向に沿った一領域に、複数の玉を装填する玉入れ工程と、
前記環状空間の前記一領域の円周方向外側に、装填した前記複数の玉を前記一領域内に留めるように流れ止め治具を配置する流れ止め工程と、
前記環状空間において前記複数の玉をグループ分けするようにブロック分け治具を配置するブロック分け工程と、
前記環状空間に前記流れ止め治具及び前記ブロック分け治具が配置された状態から、前記流れ止め治具及び前記ブロック分け治具を前記環状空間から抜き取りながら、前記複数の玉の間に、前記玉の数に応じて突設される複数の作業矢の先端を軸方向に順次挿入して、前記複数の玉を円周方向に等間隔に配置する玉分け工程と、
をこの順に実施する玉軸受の玉配置方法。 - 前記玉入れ工程は、前記外輪に対して前記内輪を前記一領域と反対側へ移動させ、前記環状空間を前記一領域において径方向へ広げてから前記玉を装填する請求項1に記載の玉軸受の玉配置方法。
- 前記流れ止め工程は、前記流れ止め治具を、前記内輪及び前記外輪の軸方向に沿って前記環状空間に挿入し、前記ブロック分け工程は、前記ブロック分け治具を、前記内輪及び前記外輪の軸方向に沿って前記環状空間に挿入する請求項1に記載の玉軸受の玉配置方法。
- 前記玉入れ工程は、前記内輪及び前記外輪を水平面から前記一領域を上にして傾斜させる請求項1に記載の玉軸受の玉配置方法。
- 前記玉入れ工程から前記玉分け工程までを、前記内輪及び前記外輪を水平搬送させずに連続して実施する請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の玉軸受の玉配置方法。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の玉配置方法によって、前記内輪と前記外輪との間の前記環状空間に前記玉が等間隔に配置された玉軸受を製造する玉軸受の製造方法。
- 請求項5に記載の玉配置方法によって、前記内輪と前記外輪との間の前記環状空間に前記玉が等間隔に配置された玉軸受を製造する玉軸受の製造方法。
- 内輪と外輪とを、前記内輪と前記外輪との間に環状空間を形成して保持させるワーク保持台と、
前記ワーク保持台に保持された前記内輪と前記外輪との間に形成される環状空間の円周方向に沿った一領域に、複数の玉を装填する玉入れ部と、
前記環状空間の前記一領域の円周方向外側に、装填した前記複数の玉を前記一領域内に留める流れ止め治具及び前記複数の玉をグループ分けするブロック分け治具を移動可能に配置する流れ止め・ブロック分け機構と、
前記環状空間に前記流れ止め治具及び前記ブロック分け治具が配置された状態から、前記流れ止め治具及び前記ブロック分け治具が前記環状空間から抜き取られる際に、前記複数の玉間に、前記玉の数に応じて突設される複数の作業矢の先端を軸方向に順次挿入して、前記複数の玉を円周方向に等間隔に配置する玉分け部と、
を備える玉軸受の製造装置。 - 前記外輪に対して前記内輪を前記一領域と反対側へ移動させ、前記環状空間を前記一領域において径方向へ広げる内輪移動機構を備える請求項8に記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
- 前記ワーク保持台に保持された前記内輪と前記外輪の軸方向垂直面を傾斜させる傾斜動作機構を備える請求項8に記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
- 前記流れ止め治具及び前記ブロック分け治具は、前記環状空間の円周方向に沿って湾曲し、且つ、前記環状空間への挿入方向に沿って窄まる板状に形成されている請求項8に記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
- 前記玉分け部は、環状に形成された土台部と、前記土台部に立設され円周方向に等間隔に配置された複数の作業矢とを有し、前記複数の作業矢は、周方向に沿って対称な位置関係で配置される請求項8から11のいずれか一項に記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
- 前記複数の作業矢は、前記対称の中心に配置される基準作業矢を含み、前記基準作業矢以外の作業矢は、前記円周方向に沿って前記基準作業矢に近い範囲では、前記基準作業矢から離れるにしたがって軸長が漸次長くなり、前記範囲を超える範囲では、前記基準作業矢から離れるにしたがって軸長が漸次短くなる請求項12に記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
- 前記流れ止め治具は、前記基準作業矢と軸方向に重なる位置に配置された場合に、前記基準作業矢を収容する切欠を有する請求項13に記載の玉軸受の製造装置。
- 請求項6に記載の玉軸受の製造方法を用いる機械の製造方法。
- 請求項7に記載の玉軸受の製造方法を用いる機械の製造方法。
- 請求項6に記載の玉軸受の製造方法を用いる車両の製造方法。
- 請求項7に記載の玉軸受の製造方法を用いる車両の製造方法。
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| JP2022098114A (ja) | 2020-12-21 | 2022-07-01 | サカタインクス株式会社 | ブラックマトリックス用顔料分散組成物、ブラックマトリックス用レジスト組成物、及び、ブラックマトリックス |
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2023
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| JP2014233827A (ja) * | 2013-06-05 | 2014-12-15 | 日本精工株式会社 | 玉分配装置 |
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| JP2019209475A (ja) | 2018-05-30 | 2019-12-12 | 日本精工株式会社 | 玉軸受の玉配置方法、玉軸受の製造方法及び製造装置、並びに機械及び車両の製造方法 |
| CN109296655A (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-01 | 安徽工程大学 | 集分珠、定珠功能于一体的轴承装配用设备及其使用方法 |
| JP2022098114A (ja) | 2020-12-21 | 2022-07-01 | サカタインクス株式会社 | ブラックマトリックス用顔料分散組成物、ブラックマトリックス用レジスト組成物、及び、ブラックマトリックス |
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