WO2023246751A1 - 液晶功能膜、显示装置、终端及相关制备方法 - Google Patents

液晶功能膜、显示装置、终端及相关制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023246751A1
WO2023246751A1 PCT/CN2023/101299 CN2023101299W WO2023246751A1 WO 2023246751 A1 WO2023246751 A1 WO 2023246751A1 CN 2023101299 W CN2023101299 W CN 2023101299W WO 2023246751 A1 WO2023246751 A1 WO 2023246751A1
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Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
functional film
display area
display
layer
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2023/101299
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张译文
赵晨项
刘康仲
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Priority to EP23826398.2A priority Critical patent/EP4538780B1/en
Publication of WO2023246751A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023246751A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/13336—Combining plural substrates to produce large-area displays, e.g. tiled displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/13355—Polarising beam splitters [PBS]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a liquid crystal functional film, a display device, a terminal and related preparation methods.
  • Full-screen display technology provides users with the ultimate front-facing viewing hardware form when obtaining information from the display screen, such as: narrow bezel (reduced traditional display edge), no seams (large splicing displays) or borderless technology (mobile phone curved screens).
  • narrow bezel reduced traditional display edge
  • no seams large splicing displays
  • borderless technology mobile phone curved screens.
  • full-screen technology that hides the front camera has been developed on mobile phones. No matter which kind of full screen, the ultimate goal is to provide users with a larger visual area under a fixed usage area.
  • This application provides a liquid crystal functional film, a display device, a terminal and related preparation methods to achieve a full-screen effect in the visual sense.
  • the present application provides a liquid crystal functional film for use in a non-display area on the light-emitting side of a display panel.
  • the liquid crystal functional film may include a substrate, an alignment layer located on the substrate, and a liquid crystal layer located on the alignment layer.
  • the alignment molecules in the alignment layer are regularly and periodically arranged along a certain direction; the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer follows the arrangement of the alignment molecules, showing a regular and periodic arrangement and forming a polarization grating (PG), a polarization grating.
  • PG polarization grating
  • the light emitted obliquely from the display area of the display panel to the non-display area can be deflected to emit in the direction of the front viewing angle of the non-display area.
  • the positive viewing angle direction refers to the direction that is close to the vertical emission. For example, the light emitted within 90 degrees ⁇ 10 degrees falls within the positive viewing angle range.
  • the light-emitting surface of the display panel emits light in various directions.
  • This application utilizes the oblique light emitted from the display area to the non-display area, and uses a polarizing grating to deflect the oblique light above the non-display area to the direction of the positive viewing angle.
  • the light emitted in the direction of the normal viewing angle will be regarded as a virtual image displayed in the non-display area, so as to achieve a visual narrow border or no border effect and achieve a visual full-screen effect.
  • the long axis direction of liquid crystal molecules is generally defined as the alignment direction.
  • the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal functional film is different at different positions, and the regular periodic arrangement along a certain direction can form a polarizing grating.
  • This direction can be defined as the grating direction of the polarizing grating.
  • Left circularly polarized (LCP) light is converted into right circularly polarized (RCP) light after passing through the polarizing grating.
  • the outgoing right circularly polarized light beam will be deflected at a certain angle, that is, the polarizing grating There is a certain deflection angle ⁇ between the incident light and the emergent light; right-handed circularly polarized light is converted into left-handed circularly polarized light after passing through the polarizing grating.
  • the outgoing left-handed circularly polarized light beam will be deflected at a certain angle, that is, polarized There is a certain deflection angle ⁇ between the incident light and the outgoing light of the grating.
  • the deflection angle ⁇ is the same but the deflection direction is opposite.
  • the incident light of the liquid crystal functional film is unpolarized light (also called natural light) or linearly polarized light
  • the unpolarized light or linearly polarized light can be decomposed into two orthogonal circularly polarized lights (ie: left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light).
  • Polarized light therefore, the emitted light from the liquid crystal functional film will be divided into two beams of light, namely left-handed circularly polarized light and right-handed circularly polarized light, and will be emitted in opposite deflection directions.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal functional film have different orientation directions at different positions within an arrangement period.
  • each liquid crystal molecule at different positions can move in a plane parallel to the substrate.
  • the alignment period can be the distance corresponding to the rotation of liquid crystal molecules at different positions by 180 degrees or 360 degrees along an axis. That is, it can be considered that within an alignment period, the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the beginning of the period is along an axis.
  • the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules at different positions rotate sequentially along one axis (such as the x-axis or y-axis direction). Specifically, it can be clockwise rotation or counterclockwise rotation. It is worth It should be noted that the grating directions of the polarization gratings formed by clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation can be considered to be opposite.
  • the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the end of the cycle is ultimately rotated 180 degrees or 360 degrees compared to the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules at the beginning of the cycle. Spend.
  • the x-axis direction is defined as the grating direction.
  • the liquid crystal molecules in an arrangement period have different orientation directions at different positions (corresponding to different x-coordinates).
  • the azimuth angle ⁇ is the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules and the x-axis.
  • the angle between P1 and P2 is the alignment period.
  • ⁇ (x) 2 ⁇ x/P2.
  • the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules at both ends of an alignment period can also be along the y direction.
  • the deflection angle ⁇ of the polarizing grating formed in the liquid crystal functional film for circularly polarized light is the angle between the incident angle and the exit angle.
  • the deflection angle ⁇ is related to the arrangement period P of the polarizing grating and the incident angle.
  • the wavelength of light is all related.
  • the arrangement period of the polarizing gratings provided in the first area is smaller, because the polarization gratings arranged in the first area are smaller than the display area.
  • the inclination angle of the light emitted from the first area is larger than the inclination angle of the light emitted from the display area to the second area. In order to ensure that the light emitted from the display area with a larger inclination angle is deflected to the front viewing angle in the first area. The direction is close to the angle of vertical emission, which requires a large deflection angle ⁇ in the first area.
  • polarization with a decreasing trend in the arrangement period can be set in different areas of the liquid crystal functional film in the direction away from the display area. Grating to smooth out changes in light intensity.
  • polarizing gratings with the same arrangement period can be provided in different areas of the liquid crystal functional film.
  • the arrangement period of the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film is generally any value between 0.5um and 200um.
  • the deflection direction of the same circularly polarized light after passing through the polarizing grating will also change. Since different positions of the non-display area in the display panel are located on different sides of the display area, for example, the non-display area as a border is set around the display area, the right border is located on the right side of the display area, the left border is located on the left side of the display area, etc., therefore , in order to realize that the oblique light emitted from the display area to the non-display area can be deflected by the polarizing grating to the positive viewing angle range, the liquid crystal functional film can be designed according to the shape and position of the non-display area to form polarization in different grating directions in different parts.
  • the grating controls the deflection directions of different light rays to be deflected close to the vertical direction, thereby forming
  • the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer can also be doped with a chiral material, so that the liquid crystal molecules are twisted clockwise or counterclockwise in the thickness direction (z direction).
  • a single liquid crystal layer or multiple stacked liquid crystal layers can be provided in the liquid crystal functional film.
  • the single liquid crystal layer can refract visible light in a single band, and the stacked multi-layer liquid crystal layers can Refracts multiple bands of visible light to achieve high diffraction efficiency.
  • the steps of coating liquid crystal molecules and curing the liquid crystal molecules can be repeated, that is, the process of coating-curing-coating-curing-... is repeated to form stacked multi-layer liquid crystal layers.
  • the total thickness of the formed liquid crystal layer can be less than 200um.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a display device, including: a display panel and a liquid crystal functional film of the first aspect or various embodiments of the first aspect located on the light-emitting side of the display panel, and the liquid crystal functional film in the liquid crystal functional film
  • the polarizing grating can cover at least part of the non-display area of the display panel.
  • the polarizing grating can deflect the light emitted from the display area of the display panel to the non-display area to the direction of the front viewing angle of the non-display area, thereby achieving a visual full-screen effect. .
  • the display device realizes changes in the direction of light propagation by arranging a patterned liquid crystal functional film on the light exit side of the display panel, and deflects the light emitted from the display area of the display panel to the non-display area to the non-display area.
  • the direction of the front viewing angle is used to achieve a visual full-screen effect.
  • the black edges at the edge of the screen can be eliminated, and the black edges at the hole-digging area of the front camera can be eliminated.
  • this application can also Applied to folding screens or splicing screens, etc.
  • the display panel in the display device provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a liquid crystal display panel (LCD), or it may be an organic electroluminescent display panel (organic light-emitting diode, OLED), or it may be a micro Display devices such as light-emitting diode display panels (micro-LED).
  • LCD liquid crystal display panel
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • micro-LED micro Display devices
  • the light emitted from LCD and OLED screens is generally linearly polarized light.
  • phase retardation film or phase retardation film
  • the phase retardation film can be, for example, a 1/4 glass plate, etc.
  • the phase retardation film should at least cover the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film.
  • the phase retardation film can also be set to be larger than the polarizing grating.
  • the phase retardation film can be the same size as the liquid crystal functional film.
  • the display device may further include a cover, and the liquid crystal functional film may be disposed outside the cover, that is, the cover is located between the liquid crystal functional film and the display panel; or, the liquid crystal functional film may also be disposed on the cover.
  • the inner side of the plate, that is, the cover plate, is located on the liquid crystal functional film.
  • the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film can cover the entire non-display area of the display panel, and the polarizing grating can deflect the light emitted from the display area of the display panel to the non-display area to the entire non-display area. Positive viewing direction to achieve a visual full-screen effect.
  • the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film can also cover the portion of the display area adjacent to the non-display area.
  • the arrangement period of the polarizing grating can be designed to be gradient. Polarizing gratings with a decreasing trend in the arrangement period can be set in different areas of the liquid crystal functional film in the direction away from the display area. In this way, the light intensity change between the display area and the non-display area can be relatively gentle, ensuring a better display effect.
  • the size of the liquid crystal functional film can be consistent with the size of the display panel, but the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film cannot cover the entire display area of the display panel.
  • the liquid crystal functional film provided above the display panel may be one layer or multiple layers.
  • the polarizing grating in a layer of liquid crystal functional film can deflect the incident light at a certain tilt angle to the direction of the normal viewing angle.
  • the grating direction of the polarizing grating at the same position of two adjacent layers of liquid crystal functional film needs to be On the contrary, it is to ensure that the light can be continuously deflected to one side after passing through the stacked multi-layer liquid crystal functional films. This can increase the deflection angle, so that the more oblique light emitted from the display area is deflected to the direction of the front viewing angle, so that When other conditions remain unchanged, the width L of the border that can be narrowed is also larger.
  • the non-display area of the display panel may include one or a combination of a frame area, a hole-cut area, a bending area.
  • the non-display area in the display panel can be the outer frame surrounding the display area.
  • the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film can cover the outer frame and the portion of the display area adjacent to the outer frame.
  • the polarizing grating can tilt the light emitted from the display area to the outer frame. It is deflected to the front viewing direction of the outer frame to eliminate the black edges at the edge of the screen, resulting in a visually narrower or borderless display effect.
  • the non-display area in the display panel can also be the frame around the front camera.
  • the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film covers the part of the display area adjacent to the frame around the front camera.
  • the polarizing grating can also cover the frame around the front camera.
  • Polarization The grating can deflect the light emitted from the display area to the surrounding frame of the front camera to the front viewing direction of the surrounding frame of the front camera, eliminating the black border at the front camera hole, resulting in a visually narrow or missing border.
  • the display effect of the border can be a flexible panel that can be bent along a certain bending axis.
  • the non-display area of the display panel can also be a bending area that does not display.
  • the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film can cover the bending area, polarizing The grating can deflect the light emitted from the display area to the bending area at an angle to the front viewing direction of the bending area, thereby eliminating the creases of the folding screen and creating a visually crease-free display effect.
  • the grating direction of the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film can be specifically designed according to the shape of the non-display area that needs to be covered in the display panel. That is, the grating direction of the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film is based on the shape of the frame. It can be different. For example: for a linear frame, the grating directions of different positions of the liquid crystal functional film on the same side frame (such as the left frame) can be consistent; for a circular frame, the grating directions of different positions of the liquid crystal functional film can be designed as Arrange along the axis direction.
  • the display panel can be one or a plurality of display modules that are spliced to each other.
  • a splicing screen can be formed from multiple display modules that are spliced to each other. Since the polarization grating can eliminate the screen of each display module The frame, therefore, can also visually eliminate the display effect of black lines or bright lines on the splicing seams of the splicing screen.
  • embodiments of the present application further provide a terminal, including a housing and a display device of the second aspect or various embodiments of the second aspect.
  • the terminal provided by this application can be applied to all products that need to reduce the non-display area of the screen, such as monitors, head-up displays, lighting, automobile display lights and other products.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a method for preparing a liquid crystal functional film, the specific process steps of which are as follows:
  • an alignment material is coated on the substrate.
  • the alignment material can be a photo-alignment material.
  • the orientation of the photo-alignment material can be achieved through exposure.
  • the photo-alignment material is aligned through exposure to form an alignment layer.
  • the exposure light source can be ultraviolet (UV) light or visible light.
  • the selection of the exposure band is determined by the characteristics of the photoalignment material.
  • the UV light band can be 365nm or 325nm, etc.
  • the visible light can be the blue light band of 400nm-450nm, etc.
  • the exposure method can be single light source exposure or multi-beam light interference exposure, for example For example: two beams of circularly polarized light can be used for interference exposure.
  • the alignment rules of the alignment molecules in the alignment layer are: regular periodic arrangement along a certain direction.
  • the size of the alignment periods in different areas of the alignment layer can be designed according to specific needs. They can be the same or different.
  • the arrangement period is preferred. You can choose any value in the range of 0.5um-200um.
  • the grating directions in different areas can be designed to match the shape of the non-display area of the display panel, which can be the same or different.
  • liquid crystal molecules are coated on the alignment layer.
  • the liquid crystal molecules can choose polymer materials.
  • the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules follows the arrangement rules of the alignment molecules in the alignment layer, which means they are arranged in a regular and periodic manner.
  • the liquid crystal molecules can be solidified by illumination or heating. After curing, a liquid crystal layer can be formed.
  • the polymer material can undergo a polymerization reaction and solidify into a film under conditions such as illumination or heating.
  • the coated liquid crystal material can be doped with chiral materials, so that the liquid crystal molecules are twisted clockwise or counterclockwise in the thickness direction (z direction).
  • the steps of coating liquid crystal molecules and curing the liquid crystal molecules can be repeated, that is, the process of coating-curing-coating-curing-... is repeated to form stacked multi-layer liquid crystal layers.
  • the total thickness of the liquid crystal layer can be less than 200um. Since a single liquid crystal layer can only refract visible light in a single band, stacked multi-layer liquid crystal layers can refract visible light in multiple bands to achieve high diffraction efficiency.
  • the liquid crystal functional film can be placed above the light-emitting side of the display panel.
  • the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film needs to cover at least part of the non-display area of the display panel.
  • the polarizing grating can also cover the portion of the display area of the display panel adjacent to the non-display area to ensure oblique emission from the edge of the display area.
  • the light that reaches the non-display area can be deflected in a direction close to perpendicular to the substrate after passing through the polarizing grating. That is, the light that finally passes through the polarizing grating emits in a direction roughly perpendicular to the substrate.
  • not all light rays are necessarily emitted in the vertical direction. In this way, from the visual perspective The light emitted from the non-display area can be felt visually, causing the non-display area to become narrower or no longer visible.
  • phase retardation films also called phase retardation films
  • the phase retardation film can be, for example, a 1/4 glass plate, etc. It is worth noting that the phase retardation film should at least cover the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film.
  • the phase retardation film can also be set to be larger than the size of the polarizing grating. For example, the phase retardation film can be the same size as the liquid crystal functional film.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal functional film provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figures 2a to 2c are schematic diagrams of light paths after different light rays pass through the polarization grating of the liquid crystal functional film provided in the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal functional film provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in the xy plane of the liquid crystal functional film provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules in the xz plane of the liquid crystal functional film provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the arrangement period and the deflection angle of the polarizing grating in the liquid crystal functional film provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the optical path when the grating direction of the polarizing grating changes in the liquid crystal functional film provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid crystal functional film including two liquid crystal layers provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an optical path including a multi-layer liquid crystal functional film in a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device provided with a polarizing grating on an outer frame according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the display device in the front camera area provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application that is provided with a polarizing grating in the front camera area;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device provided by an embodiment of the present application with a linear frame
  • Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device with a circular frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a splicing screen provided by a display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Liquid crystal It is a kind of phase state and has a certain spatial order. Common liquid crystal molecules have a rod-shaped structure. Due to the anisotropy of liquid crystal molecules, there will be differences in the refractive index and relative permittivity along the long axis and short axis.
  • Liquid crystal polymer Some liquid crystal molecules have groups that can undergo polymerization reactions. Under heating or light conditions, each molecular group reacts and links together. The initial small molecules combine into polymer macromolecules, and the liquid crystal loses its liquid state. Liquidity, converted to solid state.
  • Liquid crystal pretilt angle and azimuth angle The position information of liquid crystal molecules can generally be determined through the pretilt angle and azimuth angle.
  • the angle between the projection of liquid crystal molecules in the xy plane and the x-axis is defined as the azimuth angle ⁇
  • the angle between the projection of the liquid crystal molecules in the xy plane is defined as the pretilt angle.
  • Alignment layer The orientation of liquid crystal molecules generally depends on the alignment layer. There is an intermolecular force between the liquid crystal molecules close to the alignment layer and the molecules in the alignment layer. The liquid crystal molecules will be aligned along the orientation direction of the molecules in the alignment layer, and other molecules in the liquid crystal layer will follow the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules close to the alignment layer through long-range forces. .
  • Alignment There are two main ways to align the alignment layer, one is physical contact (friction type), and the other is non-contact (photo alignment).
  • the rubbing method uses flannel to contact and rub the alignment layer so that the molecules of the alignment layer are arranged in a certain direction;
  • the photo-alignment method uses light for alignment, and the light band is selected according to the characteristics of the alignment layer material, such as ultraviolet (UV) light or visible light.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the arrangement of the molecules of the alignment layer material is generally related to the polarization direction of the light beam.
  • Polarized light In the direction of light propagation, the light vector vibrates in a certain direction.
  • linearly polarized light When the projection trajectory of the endpoint of the light vector on the xy plane is a straight line, it is called linearly polarized light; when the trajectory of the endpoint of the light vector is a circle , is called circularly polarized light; when the trajectory of the endpoint of the light vector is an ellipse, it is called elliptically polarized light.
  • the display device can be applied to various terminal products, including, for example, watches, mobile phones, and tablets.
  • PDAs personal digital assistants
  • TV televisions
  • Full-screen technology has different technical terms and technical paths based on product form, including flat narrow (no) bezel full display, curved narrow (no) bezel display, spliced seamless oversized display, and bangs due to the need for front cameras. (tiny hole, water drop hole, pill hole) display screen, and under-screen camera display.
  • the existing full-screen technology has certain bottlenecks and limitations, and it is impossible to fully realize the full-screen effect visually.
  • a soft substrate curved screen According to mobile phone application scenarios, in order to pursue the ultimate bezel and visual limits, a soft substrate curved screen has been developed.
  • This curved screen can achieve the illusion of reduced bezels in frontal vision.
  • the curved screen brings the disadvantage of optically bright edges.
  • brightness signs will appear on the sides, resulting in a poor sensory experience.
  • the mechanical strength of the curved screen is reduced and the cost is high, which will also increase the user's subsequent maintenance costs after using the product.
  • a display screen with a special-shaped pixel design was developed.
  • the display pixels and circuit design in front of the camera are different from other positions, which improves the transmittance of the display in front of the camera, thereby achieving the display area covering the lens.
  • Full screen design This solution basically meets the requirements for a full-screen display.
  • this solution has the problem of sacrificing the display level and reducing the camera quality at the same time.
  • the pixel density at this position must be much lower than other parts of the display screen. position, so when playing back images, the display detail at this position is much lower than that at other positions, resulting in poor viewing quality.
  • the presence of a low-density display pixel design in front of the lens will cause a decrease in the light entering the lens.
  • the display pixels and circuit wiring will also form a diffraction grating.
  • the external light source will produce a diffraction effect before entering the camera, making it impossible to obtain a clear image, and ultimately causing the camera to fail. Blur quality degradation issue.
  • the display device realizes changes in the direction of light propagation by arranging a patterned liquid crystal functional film on the light exit side of the display panel, and deflects the light emitted from the display area of the display panel to the non-display area to the non-display area.
  • the direction of the front viewing angle is used to achieve a visual full-screen effect.
  • the black edges at the edge of the screen can be eliminated, and the black edges at the hole-digging area of the front camera can be eliminated.
  • this application can also Applied to folding screens or splicing screens, etc.
  • the liquid crystal functional film 100 can be disposed in the non-display area on the light-emitting side of the display panel.
  • the liquid crystal functional film 100 may include a substrate 1 , an alignment layer 2 located on the substrate 1 , and a liquid crystal layer 3 located on the alignment layer 2 .
  • the alignment molecules in the alignment layer 2 are regularly and periodically arranged along a certain direction; the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31 in the liquid crystal layer 3 follows the arrangement of the alignment molecules, showing a regular and periodic arrangement and forming a polarization grating 30 (polarization grating, PG).
  • the polarizing grating 30 can deflect the light emitted obliquely from the display area A of the display panel 200 to the non-display area C to be emitted in the front viewing direction of the non-display area C.
  • the positive viewing angle direction refers to the direction that is close to the vertical emission. For example, the light emitted within 90 degrees ⁇ 10 degrees falls within the positive viewing angle range.
  • the light exit surface of the display panel 200 emits light in various directions.
  • This application utilizes the oblique light emitted from the display area A to the non-display area C, and uses the polarizing grating 30 to deflect the oblique light above the non-display area C to emit in the direction of the positive viewing angle.
  • the human eye will perceive the light emitted in the direction of the normal viewing angle as a virtual image displayed in the non-display area C. This can achieve a visual narrow frame or no frame effect and achieve a visual full-screen effect.
  • the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31 is generally defined as the alignment direction.
  • the orientation direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 is different at different positions, and the polarization grating 30 can be formed by being regularly and periodically arranged along a certain direction. This direction can be defined as the polarization grating 30 raster direction.
  • the polarizing grating 30 has the following function: when a beam of circularly polarized light passes through the polarizing grating 30 of the liquid crystal functional film 100, its handedness will change.
  • left circularly polarized (LCP) light is converted into right circularly polarized (RCP) light after passing through the polarizing grating 30.
  • RCP right circularly polarized
  • the incident light of the liquid crystal functional film 100 is unpolarized light (also called natural light) or linearly polarized light
  • the unpolarized light or linearly polarized light can be decomposed into two orthogonal circularly polarized lights (i.e.: (left-hand circularly polarized light and right-hand circularly polarized light)
  • the light emitted from the liquid crystal functional film 100 will be divided into two beams of light, namely left-hand circularly polarized light and right-hand circularly polarized light, and exit along opposite deflection directions.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 31 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 have different orientation directions at different positions within an alignment period.
  • each liquid crystal molecule 31 at different positions can rotate sequentially by an angle along an axis in a plane parallel to the substrate 1. That is, according to the definition of the azimuth angle, the liquid crystal molecules at different positions can be considered to be The azimuth angle of 31 changes.
  • the alignment period can be a distance corresponding to the rotation of the liquid crystal molecules 31 at different positions along an axis by 180 degrees or 360 degrees.
  • the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31 at the beginning of the period is along the Arranged along an axis (such as the x-axis or y-axis direction), the long axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules 31 at different positions rotate sequentially along an axis (such as the x-axis or y-axis direction). Specifically, it can be clockwise or counterclockwise.
  • the grating direction of the polarization grating 30 formed by clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation can be considered to be opposite, and the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31 at the end of the period is compared with the direction of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules at the beginning of the period.
  • the long axis direction of 31 is eventually rotated 180 degrees or 360 degrees.
  • the x-axis direction is defined as the grating direction.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 31 in an arrangement period have different orientation directions at different positions (corresponding to different x coordinates).
  • the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31 at both ends of an arrangement period can also be along the y direction.
  • the deflection angle ⁇ of the polarizing grating 30 formed in the liquid crystal functional film 100 for circularly polarized light is the angle between the incident angle and the exit angle.
  • the arrangement period P of the polarizing grating 30 is related to the wavelength of the incident light. When other conditions remain unchanged, reducing the arrangement period P of the polarizing grating 30 can increase the deflection angle ⁇ of the polarizing grating 30 . Therefore, the arrangement periods of the liquid crystal molecules 31 in different areas of the liquid crystal layer 3 can be set to be different or the same as required.
  • the first area M in the liquid crystal functional film 100 that is far away from the display area A of the display panel 200 is compared with the second area N that is closer to the display area A.
  • the arrangement of the polarizing gratings 30 provided in the first area M is The period is small. Since the inclination angle of the light emitted from the display area A to the first area M is larger than the inclination angle of the light emitted from the display area A to the second area N, in order to ensure that the first area M will move from the display area
  • the light emitted from A with a larger tilt angle is deflected to the front viewing direction, that is, to an angle close to the vertical emission, and needs to have a larger deflection angle ⁇ in the first area M.
  • Polarizing gratings 30 with a decreasing period are arranged in different areas in the direction A to smooth the change in light intensity.
  • polarizing gratings 30 with the same arrangement period may be provided in different areas of the liquid crystal functional film 100 .
  • the arrangement period of the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 is generally any value between 0.5um and 200um.
  • the liquid crystal can be designed according to the shape and position of the non-display area C.
  • the functional film 100 forms polarizing gratings 30 with different grating directions at different parts, thereby controlling the deflection directions of different light rays to be deflected close to the vertical direction, thereby forming a visual narrow frame or no frame effect, and achieving a visual full screen Effect.
  • the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer 3 can also be doped with a chiral material, so that the liquid crystal molecules 31 are twisted clockwise or counterclockwise in the thickness direction (z direction).
  • a single layer of liquid crystal layer 3 can be provided in the liquid crystal functional film 100, or a multi-layer stacked liquid crystal layer 3 can be provided.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the case of two layers of liquid crystal layer 3.
  • the liquid crystal layer 3 can refract visible light in a single band, and the stacked multi-layer liquid crystal layer 3 can refract visible light in multiple bands to achieve high diffraction efficiency.
  • the steps of coating the liquid crystal molecules 31 and curing the liquid crystal molecules 31 can be repeated, that is, the process of coating-curing-coating-curing-... is repeated to form stacked multiple layers.
  • the total thickness of the liquid crystal layer 3 can be less than 200um.
  • the display device provided by the embodiment of the present application includes: a display panel 200 and the above-mentioned liquid crystal functional film 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application located on the light emitting side of the display panel 200.
  • the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 can cover the display In at least part of the non-display area C of the panel 200, the polarizing grating 30 can deflect the light emitted obliquely from the display area A of the display panel 200 to the non-display area C to the front viewing direction of the non-display area C, thereby achieving a comprehensive visual experience. screen effect.
  • the display panel 200 in the display device provided by the embodiment of the present application may be a liquid crystal display panel 200 (liquid crystal display, LCD), or it may also be an organic electroluminescent display panel 200 (organic light-emitting diode, OLED), or it may also be It can be a display device such as a micro-light emitting diode display panel 200 (micro-LED).
  • the light emitted from LCD and OLED screens is generally linearly polarized light.
  • a phase retardation film 300 (which may also be called a phase retardation plate) is formed.
  • the phase retardation film 300 may be, for example, a 1/4 glass plate or the like.
  • the phase retardation film 300 should at least cover the polarization grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100.
  • the phase retardation film 300 can also be set larger than the polarization grating 30.
  • the phase retardation film 300 can be consistent in size with the liquid crystal functional film 100.
  • the display device may further include a cover, and the liquid crystal functional film may be disposed outside the cover, that is, the cover is located between the liquid crystal functional film and the display panel; or, the liquid crystal functional film may also be disposed on the cover.
  • the inner side of the plate, that is, the cover plate, is located on the liquid crystal functional film.
  • the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 can cover the entire non-display area C of the display panel 200 , and the polarizing grating 30 can tilt the display area A of the display panel 200 to the non-display area.
  • the light in area C is deflected to the front viewing direction of the entire non-display area C, thereby achieving a visual full-screen effect.
  • the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 can also cover the portion of the display area A adjacent to the non-display area C. Furthermore, in the direction from the display area A to the non-display area C, the arrangement period of the polarizing grating 30 can be designed to be gradient, and the arrangement period can be set to decrease in different areas of the liquid crystal functional film 100 in the direction away from the display area A. The trend of the polarizing grating 30 can make the light intensity change between the display area A and the non-display area C relatively gentle, ensuring a better display effect. It is worth noting that the size of the liquid crystal functional film 100 can be consistent with the size of the display panel 200 , but the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 cannot cover the entire display area A of the display panel 200 .
  • the liquid crystal functional film 100 provided above the display panel 200 may be one layer or multiple layers.
  • the polarizing grating 30 in one layer of liquid crystal functional film 100 can deflect the incident light at a certain tilt angle to the direction of the front viewing angle.
  • the polarizing gratings at the same position of two adjacent layers of liquid crystal functional film 100
  • the grating direction of 30 needs to be opposite to ensure that the light can be continuously deflected to one side after passing through the stacked multi-layer liquid crystal functional film 100. This can increase the deflection angle and deflect the more oblique light emitted from the display area A. It emits in the direction of the front viewing angle, so that the width L of the frame can be narrowed and larger while other conditions remain unchanged.
  • the non-display area C of the display panel 200 may include one or a combination of a frame area, a hole-cut area, and a bending area.
  • the non-display area C in the display panel 200 may be an outer frame surrounding the display area A.
  • the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 may cover the outer frame and the portion of the display area A adjacent to the outer frame.
  • the polarizing grating 30 The light emitted from display area A obliquely to the outer frame can be deflected to the front viewing direction of the outer frame, eliminating the black edges at the edge of the screen, resulting in a visually narrower or borderless display effect.
  • the non-display area C in the display panel 200 can also be the surrounding frame of the front camera.
  • the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 covers the portion of the display area A adjacent to the surrounding frame of the front camera. Polarization The grating 30 can also cover the surrounding frame of the front camera.
  • the polarizing grating 30 can deflect the light emitted from the display area A to the surrounding frame of the front camera to the positive viewing angle direction of the surrounding frame of the front camera, eliminating the interference of the front camera.
  • the black border around the hole creates a visually narrow or borderless display effect.
  • the display panel 200 can be a flexible panel and can be bent along a certain bending axis.
  • the non-display area C of the display panel 200 can also be a bending area where no display is performed.
  • the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 can cover In the bending area, the polarizing grating 30 can deflect the light emitted from the display area A obliquely to the bending area to the front viewing direction of the bending area, thereby eliminating the creases of the folding screen and creating a visually crease-free display effect.
  • the grating direction of the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 can be specifically designed according to the shape of the non-display area C that needs to be covered in the display panel 200 , that is, the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100
  • the grating direction can be different according to the frame shape.
  • the grating direction at different positions of the liquid crystal functional film on the same side frame (such as the left frame) can be consistent
  • Figure 15 for a circular frame
  • the grating directions at different positions of the liquid crystal functional film can be designed to be arranged along the axis direction.
  • the display panel 200 can be one or a plurality of display modules that are spliced to each other.
  • a splicing screen can be composed of multiple display modules that are spliced to each other. Since the polarization grating 30 can eliminate various The screen frame of the display module can also visually eliminate the black or bright lines on the splicing seam of the splicing screen.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a method for preparing the liquid crystal functional film 100.
  • the specific process steps are as follows:
  • an alignment material is coated on the substrate 1.
  • the alignment material can be a photo-alignment material.
  • the orientation of the photo-alignment material can be achieved through exposure.
  • the photo-alignment material is aligned through exposure to form the alignment layer 2.
  • the exposure light source can be ultraviolet (UV) light or visible light.
  • the selection of the exposure band is determined by the characteristics of the photoalignment material.
  • the UV light band can be 365nm or 325nm, etc.
  • the visible light can be the blue light band of 400nm-450nm, etc.
  • the exposure method can be single light source exposure or multiple beam interference exposure. For example, two beams of circularly polarized light interference exposure can be used.
  • the alignment rules of the alignment molecules in the alignment layer 2 are: regular periodic arrangement along a certain direction.
  • the size of the alignment periods in different areas in the alignment layer 2 can be designed according to specific needs, and can be the same or different.
  • the period can preferably be selected to be any value in the range of 0.5um-200um.
  • the grating directions in different areas can be designed to match the shape of the non-display area C of the display panel 200 and can be the same or different.
  • liquid crystal molecules 31 are coated on the alignment layer 2.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 31 can be made of polymer materials.
  • the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 31 follows the arrangement pattern of the alignment molecules in the alignment layer 2. That is, Displaying a regular periodic arrangement and forming a polarizing grating 30, the liquid crystal molecules 31 can be solidified by illumination or heating.
  • the liquid crystal layer 3 can be formed.
  • the polymer material can undergo a polymerization reaction under conditions such as illumination or heating. Cured to form a film.
  • the coated liquid crystal material can be doped with a chiral material, so that the liquid crystal molecules 31 are twisted clockwise or counterclockwise in the thickness direction (z direction).
  • the steps of coating the liquid crystal molecules 31 and curing the liquid crystal molecules 31 can be repeated, that is, the process of coating-curing-coating-curing-... is repeated to form stacked multi-layer liquid crystal layers.
  • the total thickness of the formed liquid crystal layer 3 can be less than 200um. Since the single-layer liquid crystal layer 3 can only refract visible light in a single band, the stacked multi-layer liquid crystal layer 3 can refract multiple bands of visible light to achieve high diffraction efficiency.
  • the liquid crystal functional film 100 can be placed above the light emitting side of the display panel 200 .
  • the polarizing grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100 needs to cover at least part of the non-display area C of the display panel 200.
  • the polarizing grating 30 can also cover the portion of the display area A of the display panel 200 adjacent to the non-display area C, so as to It is ensured that the light emitted obliquely from the edge of the display area A to the non-display area C can be deflected in a direction close to perpendicular to the substrate 1 after passing through the polarizing grating 30, that is, the light finally emitted after passing through the polarizing grating 30 is approximately perpendicular to the substrate 1, but not All light must be emitted in the vertical direction, so that the light emitted from the non-display area C can be visually felt, causing the non-display area C to visually become narrower or have no display effect.
  • phase retardation film 300 can be added between the liquid crystal functional film 100 and the display panel 200 according to specific structural design requirements (you can also It is called a phase retardation film), and the phase retardation film 300 can be, for example, a 1/4 glass plate or the like. It is worth noting that the phase retardation film 300 should at least cover the polarization grating 30 in the liquid crystal functional film 100.
  • the phase retardation film 300 can also be set to be larger than the polarization grating 30. For example, the phase retardation film 300 can be in contact with the liquid crystal functional film 100. The dimensions are consistent.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a terminal, including a housing and the above display device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the terminal provided by this application can be applied to all products that need to reduce the non-display area of the screen, such as monitors, head-up displays, lighting, automobile display lights and other products.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种液晶功能膜、显示装置、终端及相关制备方法，通过在显示面板的出光侧设置图案化的液晶功能膜，实现光线传播方向的改变，以此实现视觉感官上的全面屏效果。本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜可以设置在显示面板出光侧的非显示区域。液晶功能膜包括的配向层中的配向分子沿某一方向呈规律性周期排列，液晶层中液晶分子的取向方向跟随配向分子的排列规律呈现规律性周期排列且形成偏振光栅，偏振光栅可以将从显示面板的显示区域倾斜出射至非显示区域的光线偏折至非显示区域的正视角方向出射，人眼在视觉感官上会将正视角方向出射的光线呈认为是非显示区域显示的虚像，以此可以实现视觉上的窄边框或无边框效果，达到视觉上的全面屏效果。

Description

液晶功能膜、显示装置、终端及相关制备方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年06月23日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210727966.X、申请名称为“液晶功能膜、显示装置、终端及相关制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种液晶功能膜、显示装置、终端及相关制备方法。
背景技术
随着科技发展进步，人们对于人机交互场景愈加频繁，其中交互主流技术的触控必须透过“屏幕”进行操作与反馈，资讯来源的取得亦是如此。此现象随着终端移动产品的应用成长，使用者人数爆发后更加显著。因此人们对于屏幕的性能或外观也愈加严苛，从单色到多色进而改良至目前的高彩显示屏，亮度亦从前期250尼特提升至为了在阳光下具有可读性的1000尼特，甚至高动态范围成像(high dynamic range imaging，HDR)表现峰值亮度3000尼特以上。而依据使用场景的区别，使用者针对各式产品的显示屏更延伸出不同的硬体需求，例如：期望电视更加搭配室内空间布置、办公室及特殊应用场景的显示器更加时尚、笔记型电脑显示器及移动产品屏幕更加轻薄。而无论哪一种显示屏皆有共同的需求即是全面屏显示技术，全面屏显示技术为使用者在面对从显示屏获取资讯时的极致正面观赏硬体形态，例如：窄边框(减小传统显示器边缘)、无拼接缝(大型拼接显示屏)或无边框技术(手机曲面屏)。近年来，在手机上更发展出了隐藏前摄像头的全面屏技术。无论哪一种全面屏，最终目的皆是在固定使用面积下，使用者能获得更大区域的视觉感官。
发明内容
本申请提供的一种液晶功能膜、显示装置、终端及相关制备方法，用以在视觉感官上实现全面屏的效果。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种液晶功能膜，用于设置在显示面板出光侧的非显示区域。液晶功能膜可以包括基板，位于基板上的配向层，以及位于配向层上的液晶层。其中，配向层中的配向分子沿某一方向呈规律性周期排列；液晶层中液晶分子的取向方向跟随配向分子的排列规律呈现规律性周期排列且形成偏振光栅(polarization grating，PG)，偏振光栅可以将从显示面板的显示区域倾斜出射至非显示区域的光线偏折至非显示区域的正视角方向出射。值得注意的是，正视角方向指的是接近垂直出射的方向，例如在90度±10度内出射的光线均属于正视角范围内。显示面板的出光面会向各个方向出射光线，本申请利用了显示区域倾斜出射向非显示区域的光线，采用偏振光栅将倾斜光线在非显示区域上方偏折为正视角方向出射，人眼在视觉感官上会将正视角方向出射的光线呈认为是非显示区域显示的虚像，以此可以实现视觉上的窄边框或无边框效果，达到视觉上的全面屏效果。
具体地，一般将液晶分子的长轴方向定义为取向方向。在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜中液晶分子的取向方向在不同位置存在差异，并沿着某一方向呈现规律性周期排列可以形成偏振光栅，该方向可以定义为偏振光栅的光栅方向。偏振光栅对于透射光线的相位延迟量满足λ/2条件时，偏振光栅具有如下功能：当一束圆偏振光经过液晶功能膜的偏振光栅后，其旋性会发生变化。左旋圆偏振(left circular polarized，LCP)光经过偏振光栅后转变为右旋圆偏振(right circular polarized，RCP)光，同时出射的右旋圆偏振光的光束会发生一定角度的偏转，即偏振光栅的入射光和出射光之间存在一定的偏折角度θ；右旋圆偏振光经过偏振光栅后转变为左旋圆偏振光，同时出射的左旋圆偏振光的光束会发生一定角度的偏转，即偏振光栅的入射光和出射光之间存在一定的偏折角度θ。同一波长的左旋圆偏振光和右旋圆偏振光经过同一偏振光栅后，偏折角度θ相同但偏转方向相反。当液晶功能膜的入射光为非偏振光(也称为自然光)或者线偏振光时，由于非偏振光或者线偏振光可以分解为两个正交的圆偏振光(即：左旋与右旋圆偏振光)，因此，液晶功能膜的出射光将分成两束光线即左旋圆偏振光与右旋圆偏振光，并沿着相反的偏转方向出射。
为了能够实现偏振光栅的效果，液晶功能膜中的液晶分子在一个排列周期内，在不同位置的液晶分子的取向方向不同。具体地，在一个排列周期内，在不同位置的各液晶分子在平行于基板的平面内可以 沿着一轴向依次旋转一角度，即根据方位角的定义，可以认为不同位置的液晶分子的方位角发生变化。具体地，排列周期可以为不同位置的液晶分子沿着一轴向旋转180度或360度对应的距离，即可以认为在一个排列周期内，周期起始的液晶分子的长轴方向沿着一轴向(例如x轴或y轴方向)排列，不同位置的液晶分子的长轴方向沿着一轴向(例如x轴或y轴方向)依次旋转，具体可以是顺时针旋转或逆时针旋转，值得注意的是，可以认为顺时针旋转和逆时针旋转形成的偏振光栅的光栅方向相反，周期终止的液晶分子的长轴方向相较于周期起始的液晶分子的长轴方向最终旋转180度或360度。例如在xy平面内，定义x轴方向为光栅方向，在一个排列周期内的液晶分子在不同位置(对应不同的x坐标)的取向方向不同，方位角α为液晶分子的长轴方向与x轴的夹角，P1和P2为排列周期，当排列周期定义为当液晶分子在xy平面内沿着x轴旋转180度对应的距离时，α(x)＝πx/P1；当排列周期定义为当液晶分子在xy平面内沿着x轴旋转360度对应的距离时，α(x)＝2πx/P2。或者，一个排列周期内两端的液晶分子的长轴方向也可以沿着y方向。
在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜内形成的偏振光栅对圆偏振光的偏折角度θ为入射角和出射角之间的夹角，偏折角度θ和偏振光栅的排列周期P以及入射光波长均有关，其他条件不变的情况下，减小偏振光栅的排列周期P可以增大偏振光栅的偏折角度θ。因此，可以根据需要将液晶层中不同区域内液晶分子的排列周期设置为不同或相同。例如，液晶功能膜中距离显示面板的显示区域较远的第一区域，相较于距离显示区域较近的第二区域，第一区域内设置的偏振光栅的排列周期较小，由于从显示区域射向第一区域的光线倾斜角度相较于从显示区域射向第二区域的光线倾斜角度较大，为了保证在第一区域将从显示区域出射的倾斜角度较大的光线偏折至正视角方向即靠近垂直出射的角度，需要在第一区域内具有较大的偏折角度θ，因此，可以在液晶功能膜中远离显示区域的方向上各不同区域内设置排列周期呈减小趋势的偏振光栅，以平缓光强变化。或者，为了制作方便可以在液晶功能膜中的不同区域内设置排列周期相同的偏振光栅。具体地，在液晶功能膜中偏振光栅的排列周期一般在0.5um-200um之间选择任意数值。
当液晶功能膜中液晶分子的排列方向即偏振光栅的光栅方向发生变化后，对于同一束圆偏振光，通过偏振光栅后其偏转方向也同样会发生改变。由于在显示面板内非显示区域的不同位置位于显示区域的不同侧，例如作为边框的非显示区域围绕显示区域设置，右边框位于显示区域的右侧，左边框位于显示区域的左侧等，因此，为了实现将显示区域出射至非显示区域的倾斜光线均可以通过偏振光栅偏折至正视角范围内，则可根据非显示区域的形状和位置设计液晶功能膜在不同部位形成不同光栅方向的偏振光栅，从而控制不同光线的偏折方向均偏折至靠近垂直方向出射，从而形成视觉上的窄边框或无边框效果，达到视觉上的全面屏效果。
在本申请一个实施例中，液晶层的液晶材料中还可以掺杂手性材料，使得液晶分子在厚度方向(z方向)上存在顺时针或者逆时针的扭曲。
在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜中可以设置单层液晶层，也可以设置多层堆叠的液晶层，单层液晶层可以对单一波段的可见光进行折射，而堆叠的多层液晶层可以对多波段的可见光进行折射，以实现高衍射效率。在具体制作时，在形成一层液晶层后可以重复涂布液晶分子和对液晶分子固化的步骤，即重复涂布-固化-涂布-固化-…的过程，形成堆叠的多层液晶层，形成的液晶层总厚度可以在200um以下。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种显示装置，包括：显示面板和位于显示面板出光侧的第一方面或第一方面的各种实施方式的液晶功能膜，该液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅可以覆盖显示面板的至少部分非显示区域，偏振光栅可以将显示面板的显示区域倾斜出射至非显示区域的光线偏折至非显示区域的正视角方向，以此实现视觉上的全面屏效果。本申请实施例提供的显示装置通过在显示面板的出光侧设置图案化的液晶功能膜，实现光线传播方向的改变，将显示面板的显示区域倾斜出射至非显示区域的光线偏折至非显示区域的正视角方向，以此实现视觉感官上的全面屏效果，例如：可以将屏幕边缘的黑边消除、前置摄像头的挖孔处黑边消除等，同时由于消除了屏幕边框，本申请亦可以应用于折叠屏或者拼接屏等。
本申请实施例提供的显示装置中的显示面板可以为液晶显示面板(liquid crystal display，LCD)，或者也可以为有机电致发光显示面板(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)，或者也可以为微发光二极管显示面板(micro-LED)等显示器件。而LCD和OLED屏幕出射的光线一般为线偏振光，为了保证液晶功能膜的入射光为圆偏振光，可以在液晶功能膜与显示面板之间增加的一层或多层相位延迟膜(也可 以称之为相位延迟片)，相位延迟膜例如可以是1/4玻片等。相位延迟膜至少应覆盖液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅，相位延迟膜也可以设置的比偏振光栅的尺寸大，例如相位延迟膜可以与液晶功能膜的尺寸一致。当显示面板出射的光线经过相位延迟膜后将转变为圆偏振光，之后再通过液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅后发生偏转，靠近非显示区域的显示区域倾斜出射的光线将偏转到非显示区域的正视角方向，使得视觉感官上边框处变窄甚至消失。
在本申请一个实施例中，显示装置还可以包括盖板，液晶功能膜可以设置在盖板的外侧，即盖板位于液晶功能膜与显示面板之间；或者，液晶功能膜也可以设置在盖板的内侧，即盖板位于液晶功能膜之上。
在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅可以覆盖显示面板的全部非显示区域，偏振光栅可以将显示面板的显示区域倾斜出射至非显示区域的光线偏折至全部非显示区域的正视角方向，以此实现视觉上的全面屏效果。
在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅还可以覆盖显示区域邻近非显示区域的部分。并且，从显示区域指向非显示区域的方向上，偏振光栅的排列周期可以做渐变设计，可以在液晶功能膜中远离显示区域的方向上各不同区域内设置排列周期呈减小趋势的偏振光栅，这样可以使显示区域与非显示区域之间的光强变化可以较为平缓，保证较好的显示效果。值得注意的是，液晶功能膜的尺寸可以与显示面板的尺寸一致，但液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅不能覆盖显示面板的全部显示区域。
在本申请一个实施例中，在显示面板上方设置的液晶功能膜可以为一层，也可以为多层。缩窄边框的宽度L与偏折角度θ、发光面(即显示面板的出光面)与偏振光栅之间的距离D有关，tanθ＝L/D。一层液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅可以将一定倾斜角度的入射光偏折至正视角方向出射，多层液晶功能膜叠加后，相邻两层液晶功能膜的同一位置的偏振光栅的光栅方向需要相反，以保证光线经过层叠设置的多层液晶功能膜后可以向一侧连续偏折，这样可以增大偏折角度，使得从显示区域出射的更加倾斜的光线偏折到正视角方向出射，这样在其他条件不变的情况下，可以缩窄边框的宽度L也更大。
在本申请一个实施例中，显示面板的非显示区域可以包括边框区域、挖孔区域、弯折区域中一种或组合。显示面板中的非显示区域可以为包围显示区域的外边框，液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅可以覆盖外边框以及显示区域与外边框邻近的部分，偏振光栅可以将显示区域倾斜出射至外边框的光线偏折到外边框的正视角方向，消除屏幕边缘的黑边，造成视觉感官上边框变窄或者无边框的显示效果。显示面板中的非显示区域也可以为前置摄像头的周围边框，液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅覆盖显示区域邻近前置摄像头的周围边框的部分，偏振光栅还可以覆盖前置摄像头的周围边框，偏振光栅可以将显示区域倾斜出射至前置摄像头的周围边框的光线偏折到前置摄像头的周围边框的正视角方向，消除前置摄像头的挖孔处黑边，造成视觉感官上边框变窄或者无边框的显示效果。显示面板可以为柔性面板，可以沿着某一弯折轴进行弯折，显示面板的非显示区域还可以为不进行显示的弯折区域，液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅可以覆盖弯折区域，偏振光栅可以将显示区域倾斜出射至弯折区域的光线偏折到弯折区域的正视角方向，消除折叠屏的折痕，造成视觉感官上无折痕的显示效果。
在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅的光栅方向可根据显示面板中所需覆盖的非显示区域的形状进行具体设计，即在液晶功能膜中偏振光栅的光栅方向根据边框形状可以不同，例如：对于直线型的边框，在同一侧边框(例如左边框)处液晶功能膜不同位置的光栅方向可以保持一致；对于圆形的边框，液晶功能膜不同位置的光栅方向可以设计为沿着轴心方向进行排布。
在本申请一个实施例中，显示面板可以为一个也可以为多个相互拼接的显示模组，由多个相互拼接的显示模组可以构成拼接屏，由于偏振光栅可以消除各显示模组的屏幕边框，因此，亦可以达到从视觉感官上消除拼接屏的拼接缝黑线或亮线的显示效果。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种终端，包括壳体和第二方面或第二方面的各种实施方式的显示装置。本申请提供的终端可以应用在所有需要减小屏幕非显示区域的产品中，例如：显示器、抬头显示、照明、汽车显示灯等产品。
第四方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种液晶功能膜的制备方法，其具体流程步骤如下：
首先，在基板上涂布配向材料，该配向材料可以为光配向材料，光配向材料的取向可通过曝光实现，通过曝光对光配向材料进行配向形成配向层。曝光光源可以为紫外(ultraviolet，UV)光或者可见光，曝光波段的选择具体由光配向材料的特性决定，例如：UV光的波段可以选365nm或325nm等，可见光可以选择400nm-450nm的蓝光波段等。曝光方式可以为单一光源曝光或者采用多束光干涉曝光，例 如：可以采用两束圆偏振光干涉曝光。配向完成后，配向层中配向分子形成的排列规律为：沿某一方向呈规律性周期排列，配向层中不同区域内的排列周期大小可以根据具体需求进行设计，可以相同或者不同，排列周期优选可以选择在0.5um-200um范围内的任意数值，不同区域内的光栅方向可以匹配显示面板的非显示区域形状进行设计，可以相同或者不同。
在完成配向层的制备后，在配向层上涂布液晶分子，液晶分子可选择聚合物材料，液晶分子的取向方向跟随配向层中配向分子的排列规律进行排布即也呈现规律性周期排列且形成偏振光栅，对液晶分子可以通过光照或者加热的方式进行固化，固化后可以形成液晶层，具体地，聚合物材料在光照或者加热等条件下可以发生聚合反应固化成膜。进一步地，涂布的液晶材料中可以掺杂手性材料，使得液晶分子在厚度方向(z方向)上存在顺时针或者逆时针的扭曲。进一步地，在形成一层液晶层后可以重复涂布液晶分子和对液晶分子固化的步骤，即重复涂布-固化-涂布-固化-…的过程，形成堆叠的多层液晶层，形成的液晶层总厚度可以在200um以下。由于单层液晶层仅能对单一波段的可见光进行折射，而堆叠的多层液晶层可以对多波段的可见光进行折射，以实现高衍射效率。
在液晶功能膜制作完成后，可以将液晶功能膜放置在显示面板的出光侧上方。具体地，液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅需要覆盖显示面板的至少部分非显示区域，进一步地，偏振光栅还可以覆盖显示面板的显示区域临近非显示区域的部分，以保证从显示区域边缘倾斜出射射至非显示区域的光线可以经过偏振光栅后向靠近垂直于基板的方向偏转，即最终经过偏振光栅后的光线大致垂直基板的方向出射，但不一定所有的光线都沿垂直方向出射，这样从视觉感官上可以感到从非显示区域出射的光线，造成视觉上非显示区域变窄或者变成没有的显示效果。
进一步地，为了保证入射至液晶功能膜的光线为圆偏振光，还可以根据具体结构设计需求，在液晶功能膜与显示面板之间添加一层或多层相位延迟膜(也可以称之为相位延迟片)，相位延迟膜例如可以是1/4玻片等。值的注意的是，相位延迟膜至少应覆盖液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅，相位延迟膜也可以设置的比偏振光栅的尺寸大，例如相位延迟膜可以与液晶功能膜的尺寸一致。
上述第二方面至第四方面中任一方面可以达到的技术效果可以参照上述第一方面中任一可能设计可以达到的技术效果说明，这里不再重复赘述。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜的结构示意图；
图2a至图2c分别为不同光线经过本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜的偏振光栅后的光路示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜中液晶分子排列规律的示意图；
图4a为本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜在xy平面的液晶分子排列规律的示意图；
图4b为本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜在xz平面的液晶分子排列规律的示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜中偏振光栅的排列周期与偏折角度的关系示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜中偏振光栅的光栅方向发生变化时的光路示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜中包含两层液晶层的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的显示装置中包含多层液晶功能膜的光路示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的显示装置的光路原理图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的显示装置在外边框设置偏振光栅的结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的显示装置在前置摄像头区域的结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的显示装置在前置摄像头区域设置偏振光栅的结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的显示装置为直线型边框的结构示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的显示装置为圆形边框的结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的显示装置为拼接屏的结构示意图。
附图标记说明：
1-基板，2-配向层，3-液晶层，31-液晶分子，30-偏振光栅，100-液晶功能膜，200-显示面板，300-
相位延迟膜，A-显示区域，C-非显示区域，M-第一区域，N-第二区域。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。然而，示例实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的实施方式；相反，提供这些实施方式使得本申请更全面和完整，并将示例实施方式的构思全面地传达给本领域的技术人员。在图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的结构，因而将省略对它们的重复描述。本申请中所描述的表达位置与方向的词，均是以附图为例进行的说明，但根据需要也可以做出改变，所做改变均包含在本申请保护范围内。本申请的附图仅用于示意相对位置关系不代表真实比例。
需要说明的是，在以下描述中阐述了具体细节以便于充分理解本申请。但是本申请能够以多种不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本申请内涵的情况下做类似推广。因此本申请不受下面公开的具体实施方式的限制。说明书后续描述为实施本申请的较佳实施方式，然所述描述乃以说明本申请的一般原则为目的，并非用以限定本申请的范围。本申请的保护范围当视所附权利要求所界定者为准。
为了便于了解本申请实施例，下面首先介绍本申请实施例涉及的一些术语。
液晶：是相态的一种，拥有一定的空间有序性。常见的液晶分子为棒状结构。由于液晶分子具有各向异性，沿着长轴与短轴方向的折射率与相对介电常数会存在差异。
液晶聚合物：有些液晶分子拥有可发生聚合反应的基团，在加热或者光照的条件下，各分子基团发生反应进行链合，最初的小分子结合成聚合物大分子，液晶便失去了液态流动性，转化为固态。
液晶预倾角与方位角：液晶分子的位置信息一般可以通过预倾角与方位角来确定。液晶分子在xy平面中的投影与x轴的夹角定义为方位角α，液晶分子与在xy平面中投影的夹角定义为预倾角。
配向层：液晶分子的取向一般需要依靠配向层。靠近配向层的液晶分子与配向层分子之间存在分子间作用力，液晶分子会沿着配向层分子的取向方向排列，液晶层中的其他分子便通过长程作用力跟随靠近配向层的液晶分子取向。
配向：配向层的配向主要有两种方式，一种为物理接触式(摩擦式)，另一种为非接触式(光配向)。摩擦式采用绒布与配向层接触摩擦后使配向层分子沿某一方向排布；光配向方式采用光照进行配向，同时根据配向层材料的特性选择光波段，例如：紫外(UV)光或者可见光，配向层材料分子的排列一般与光束的偏振方向相关。
偏振光：在光的传播方向上，光矢量存在一定方向的振动，当光矢量端点在xy平面上的投影轨迹为一直线时，叫作线偏振光；当光矢量端点的轨迹为圆形时，叫作圆偏振光；当光矢量端点的轨迹为椭圆形时，叫作椭圆偏振光。
为了方便理解本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜、显示装置、终端及相关制备方法，首先说明一下其应用场景，该显示装置可应用于各种终端产品，该终端产品包括例如手表、手机、平板电脑、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、车载电脑、显示器(monitor)、折叠屏、拼接屏和电视(television，TV)等。本申请实施例对上述终端的具体形式不做特殊限制。
全面屏技术根据产品形态有不同的技术名词与技术路径，包含了平面窄(无)边框全面显示屏、曲面窄(无)边框显示屏、拼接无缝超大显示屏、因前摄像头需求产生的刘海(极小孔、水滴孔、药丸孔)显示屏、以及屏下摄像显示屏。现有的全面屏技术存在一定的瓶颈和限制，无法在视觉上完全实现全面屏的效果。
目前的平面显示器在窄边框技术部分有两种方法：一种方法使用较昂贵的设计与面板制程刻意减少面板边框的电路走线面积以达到实际物理边框缩小设计，另一种方法使用光学式投影方法达到视觉窄边框现象，然而此边框缩小方法具有上方盖板厚度与边框缩小程度成正比现象，或是盖板边缘必须为特殊形状或曲率的限制。
根据手机应用场景，为追求极致边框与视觉的极限，发展出了软性基板曲面屏，此曲面屏可实现正面视觉上边框缩小的错觉。但曲面屏带来了光学亮边的缺点，使用者在非正视角度观看曲面屏时，会在侧边形成亮度迹象，感官体验不佳。此外曲面屏的机械强度下降，成本昂贵，亦会造成使用者在产品使用的后续维护费用增加。
目前业界对于百寸面积以上的显示器已经无法大量使用单一显示面板完成，为了实现超大屏应用的需求，大部分方案为使用显示屏拼接方案。然而受限显示屏边框的限制，大部分产品在拼接处产生明显的黑线。另外，有些方案在拼接处使用额外光源进行修补，但依旧会造成该位置视觉上的亮度或是色度 的感知不同，从而形成观感差异。
手机产品由于特殊应用的需求，在前方设置摄像头以及一系列的感光元件占据了一定程度的面积，未达到全屏的需求，为了追求更大的显示区域，开发出了异形显示区的技术，刻意针对器件摆放需求设计显示区避让方案。此类常见产品包含了常见的刘海、极小孔与水滴型等显示区设计，然而该异形显示区依旧未达到全屏显示器的需求。
为了达到更佳的使用者体验，开发出了异型像素设计结合的显示屏，在摄像头前方的显示像素及电路设计异于其它位置，提升摄像头前方显示器的穿透率，进而达成显示区域覆盖镜头的全面屏设计。此方案基本完成了全面屏的需求，然而该方案具有同时牺牲显示水准与降低摄像品质的问题，为追求摄像头前方能有足够的穿透率，该位置的像素密度必须远低于显示屏的其它位置，因此在播放图像时，该位置的显示细致度远低于其它位置，造成观看品质不佳。此外，镜头前方存在低密度显示像素设计会造成镜头进光亮下降之外，显示像素以及电路走线也会形成衍射光栅，外界光源进入摄像头前会产生衍射效应，致使无法获取清晰图像，最终导致摄像模糊品质下降的问题。
本申请实施例提供的显示装置通过在显示面板的出光侧设置图案化的液晶功能膜，实现光线传播方向的改变，将显示面板的显示区域倾斜出射至非显示区域的光线偏折至非显示区域的正视角方向，以此实现视觉感官上的全面屏效果，例如：可以将屏幕边缘的黑边消除、前置摄像头的挖孔处黑边消除等，同时由于消除了屏幕边框，本申请亦可以应用于折叠屏或者拼接屏等。
下面对本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜的结构及工作原理进行详述。
本申请实施例提供的液晶功能膜可以设置在显示面板出光侧的非显示区域。参照图1，液晶功能膜100可以包括基板1，位于基板1上的配向层2，以及位于配向层2上的液晶层3。其中，配向层2中的配向分子沿某一方向呈规律性周期排列；液晶层3中液晶分子31的取向方向跟随配向分子的排列规律呈现规律性周期排列且形成偏振光栅30(polarization grating，PG)，偏振光栅30可以将从显示面板200的显示区域A倾斜出射至非显示区域C的光线偏折至非显示区域C的正视角方向出射。值得注意的是，正视角方向指的是接近垂直出射的方向，例如在90度±10度内出射的光线均属于正视角范围内。显示面板200的出光面会向各个方向出射光线，本申请利用了显示区域A倾斜出射向非显示区域C的光线，采用偏振光栅30将倾斜光线在非显示区域C上方偏折为正视角方向出射，人眼在视觉感官上会将正视角方向出射的光线呈认为是非显示区域C显示的虚像，以此可以实现视觉上的窄边框或无边框效果，达到视觉上的全面屏效果。
具体地，一般将液晶分子31的长轴方向定义为取向方向。在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜100中液晶分子31的取向方向在不同位置存在差异，并沿着某一方向呈现规律性周期排列可以形成偏振光栅30，该方向可以定义为偏振光栅30的光栅方向。偏振光栅30对于透射光线的相位延迟量满足λ/2条件时，偏振光栅30具有如下功能：当一束圆偏振光经过液晶功能膜100的偏振光栅30后，其旋性会发生变化。参照图2a，左旋圆偏振(left circular polarized，LCP)光经过偏振光栅30后转变为右旋圆偏振(right circular polarized，RCP)光，同时出射的右旋圆偏振光的光束会发生一定角度的偏转，即偏振光栅30的入射光和出射光之间存在一定的偏折角度θ；参照图2b，右旋圆偏振光经过偏振光栅30后转变为左旋圆偏振光，同时出射的左旋圆偏振光的光束会发生一定角度的偏转，即偏振光栅30的入射光和出射光之间存在一定的偏折角度θ。参照图2a和图2b，同一波长的左旋圆偏振光和右旋圆偏振光经过同一偏振光栅30后，偏折角度θ相同但偏转方向相反。参照图2c，当液晶功能膜100的入射光为非偏振光(也称为自然光)或者线偏振光时，由于非偏振光或者线偏振光可以分解为两个正交的圆偏振光(即：左旋与右旋圆偏振光)，因此，液晶功能膜100的出射光将分成两束光线即左旋圆偏振光与右旋圆偏振光，并沿着相反的偏转方向出射。
参照图3，为了能够实现偏振光栅30的效果，液晶功能膜100中的液晶分子31在一个排列周期内，在不同位置的液晶分子31的取向方向不同。具体地，在一个排列周期内，在不同位置的各液晶分子31在平行于基板1的平面内可以沿着一轴向依次旋转一角度，即根据方位角的定义，可以认为不同位置的液晶分子31的方位角发生变化。具体地，排列周期可以为不同位置的液晶分子31沿着一轴向旋转180度或360度对应的距离，即可以认为在一个排列周期内，周期起始的液晶分子31的长轴方向沿着一轴向(例如x轴或y轴方向)排列，不同位置的液晶分子31的长轴方向沿着一轴向(例如x轴或y轴方向)依次旋转，具体可以是顺时针旋转或逆时针旋转，值得注意的是，可以认为顺时针旋转和逆时针旋转形成的偏振光栅30的光栅方向相反，周期终止的液晶分子31的长轴方向相较于周期起始的液晶分子 31的长轴方向最终旋转180度或360度。例如图3所示，在xy平面内，定义x轴方向为光栅方向，在一个排列周期内的液晶分子31在不同位置(对应不同的x坐标)的取向方向不同，方位角α为液晶分子31的长轴方向与x轴的夹角，P1和P2为排列周期，当排列周期定义为当液晶分子31在xy平面内沿着x轴旋转180度对应的距离时，α(x)＝πx/P1；当排列周期定义为当液晶分子31在xy平面内沿着x轴旋转360度对应的距离时，α(x)＝2πx/P2。参照图4a和图4b，一个排列周期内两端的液晶分子31的长轴方向也可以沿着y方向。
参照图5，在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜100内形成的偏振光栅30对圆偏振光的偏折角度θ为入射角和出射角之间的夹角，偏折角度θ和偏振光栅30的排列周期P以及入射光波长均有关，其他条件不变的情况下，减小偏振光栅30的排列周期P可以增大偏振光栅30的偏折角度θ。因此，可以根据需要将液晶层3中不同区域内液晶分子31的排列周期设置为不同或相同。例如，液晶功能膜100中距离显示面板200的显示区域A较远的第一区域M，相较于距离显示区域A较近的第二区域N，第一区域M内设置的偏振光栅30的排列周期较小，由于从显示区域A射向第一区域M的光线倾斜角度相较于从显示区域A射向第二区域N的光线倾斜角度较大，为了保证在第一区域M将从显示区域A出射的倾斜角度较大的光线偏折至正视角方向即靠近垂直出射的角度，需要在第一区域M内具有较大的偏折角度θ，因此，可以在液晶功能膜100中远离显示区域A的方向上各不同区域内设置排列周期呈减小趋势的偏振光栅30，以平缓光强变化。或者，为了制作方便可以在液晶功能膜100中的不同区域内设置排列周期相同的偏振光栅30。具体地，在液晶功能膜100中偏振光栅30的排列周期一般在0.5um-200um之间选择任意数值。
参照图6，当液晶功能膜100中液晶分子31的排列方向即偏振光栅30的光栅方向发生变化后，对于同一束圆偏振光，通过偏振光栅30后其偏转方向也同样会发生改变，图6中采用箭头表示光栅方向。由于在显示面板200内非显示区域C的不同位置位于显示区域A的不同侧，例如作为边框的非显示区域C围绕显示区域A设置，右边框位于显示区域A的右侧，左边框位于显示区域A的左侧等，因此，为了实现将显示区域A出射至非显示区域C的倾斜光线均可以通过偏振光栅30偏折至正视角范围内，则可根据非显示区域C的形状和位置设计液晶功能膜100在不同部位形成不同光栅方向的偏振光栅30，从而控制不同光线的偏折方向均偏折至靠近垂直方向出射，从而形成视觉上的窄边框或无边框效果，达到视觉上的全面屏效果。
参照图7，在本申请一个实施例中，液晶层3的液晶材料中还可以掺杂手性材料，使得液晶分子31在厚度方向(z方向)上存在顺时针或者逆时针的扭曲。
参照图7，在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜100中可以设置单层液晶层3，也可以设置多层堆叠的液晶层3，图7中示意两层液晶层3的情况，单层液晶层3可以对单一波段的可见光进行折射，而堆叠的多层液晶层3可以对多波段的可见光进行折射，以实现高衍射效率。在具体制作时，在形成一层液晶层3后可以重复涂布液晶分子31和对液晶分子31固化的步骤，即重复涂布-固化-涂布-固化-…的过程，形成堆叠的多层液晶层3，形成的液晶层3总厚度可以在200um以下。
下面对本申请实施例提供的显示装置的结构及工作原理进行详述。
参照图8，本申请实施例提供的显示装置包括：显示面板200和位于显示面板200出光侧的本申请实施例提供的上述液晶功能膜100，该液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30可以覆盖显示面板200的至少部分非显示区域C，偏振光栅30可以将显示面板200的显示区域A倾斜出射至非显示区域C的光线偏折至非显示区域C的正视角方向，以此实现视觉上的全面屏效果。
本申请实施例提供的显示装置中的显示面板200可以为液晶显示面板200(liquid crystal display，LCD)，或者也可以为有机电致发光显示面板200(organic light-emitting diode，OLED)，或者也可以为微发光二极管显示面板200(micro-LED)等显示器件。而LCD和OLED屏幕出射的光线一般为线偏振光，为了保证液晶功能膜100的入射光为圆偏振光，参照图8，可以在液晶功能膜100与显示面板200之间增加的一层或多层相位延迟膜300(也可以称之为相位延迟片)，相位延迟膜300例如可以是1/4玻片等。相位延迟膜300至少应覆盖液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30，相位延迟膜300也可以设置的比偏振光栅30的尺寸大，例如相位延迟膜300可以与液晶功能膜100的尺寸一致。当显示面板200出射的光线经过相位延迟膜300后将转变为圆偏振光，之后再通过液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30后发生偏转，靠近非显示区域C的显示区域A倾斜出射的光线将偏转到非显示区域C的正视角方向，使得视觉感官上边框处变窄甚至消失。
在本申请一个实施例中，显示装置还可以包括盖板，液晶功能膜可以设置在盖板的外侧，即盖板位于液晶功能膜与显示面板之间；或者，液晶功能膜也可以设置在盖板的内侧，即盖板位于液晶功能膜之上。
参照图8，在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30可以覆盖显示面板200的全部非显示区域C，偏振光栅30可以将显示面板200的显示区域A倾斜出射至非显示区域C的光线偏折至全部非显示区域C的正视角方向，以此实现视觉上的全面屏效果。
参照图8，在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30还可以覆盖显示区域A邻近非显示区域C的部分。并且，从显示区域A指向非显示区域C的方向上，偏振光栅30的排列周期可以做渐变设计，可以在液晶功能膜100中远离显示区域A的方向上各不同区域内设置排列周期呈减小趋势的偏振光栅30，这样可以使显示区域A与非显示区域C之间的光强变化可以较为平缓，保证较好的显示效果。值得注意的是，液晶功能膜100的尺寸可以与显示面板200的尺寸一致，但液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30不能覆盖显示面板200的全部显示区域A。
参照图9，在本申请一个实施例中，在显示面板200上方设置的液晶功能膜100可以为一层，也可以为多层。参照图10，缩窄边框的宽度L与偏折角度θ、发光面(即显示面板200的出光面)与偏振光栅30之间的距离D有关，tanθ＝L/D。一层液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30可以将一定倾斜角度的入射光偏折至正视角方向出射，多层液晶功能膜100叠加后，相邻两层液晶功能膜100的同一位置的偏振光栅30的光栅方向需要相反，以保证光线经过层叠设置的多层液晶功能膜100后可以向一侧连续偏折，这样可以增大偏折角度，使得从显示区域A出射的更加倾斜的光线偏折到正视角方向出射，这样在其他条件不变的情况下，可以缩窄边框的宽度L也更大。
在本申请一个实施例中，显示面板200的非显示区域C可以包括边框区域、挖孔区域、弯折区域中一种或组合。参照图11，显示面板200中的非显示区域C可以为包围显示区域A的外边框，液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30可以覆盖外边框以及显示区域A与外边框邻近的部分，偏振光栅30可以将显示区域A倾斜出射至外边框的光线偏折到外边框的正视角方向，消除屏幕边缘的黑边，造成视觉感官上边框变窄或者无边框的显示效果。参照图12和图13，显示面板200中的非显示区域C也可以为前置摄像头的周围边框，液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30覆盖显示区域A邻近前置摄像头的周围边框的部分，偏振光栅30还可以覆盖前置摄像头的周围边框，偏振光栅30可以将显示区域A倾斜出射至前置摄像头的周围边框的光线偏折到前置摄像头的周围边框的正视角方向，消除前置摄像头的挖孔处黑边，造成视觉感官上边框变窄或者无边框的显示效果。显示面板200可以为柔性面板，可以沿着某一弯折轴进行弯折，显示面板200的非显示区域C还可以为不进行显示的弯折区域，液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30可以覆盖弯折区域，偏振光栅30可以将显示区域A倾斜出射至弯折区域的光线偏折到弯折区域的正视角方向，消除折叠屏的折痕，造成视觉感官上无折痕的显示效果。
在本申请一个实施例中，液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30的光栅方向可根据显示面板200中所需覆盖的非显示区域C的形状进行具体设计，即在液晶功能膜100中偏振光栅30的光栅方向根据边框形状可以不同，例如：参照图14，对于直线型边框，在同一侧边框(例如左边框)处液晶功能膜不同位置的光栅方向可以保持一致；参照图15，对于圆形边框，液晶功能膜不同位置的光栅方向可以设计为沿着轴心方向进行排布。
参照图16，在本申请实施例中，显示面板200可以为一个也可以为多个相互拼接的显示模组，由多个相互拼接的显示模组可以构成拼接屏，由于偏振光栅30可以消除各显示模组的屏幕边框，因此，亦可以达到从视觉感官上消除拼接屏的拼接缝黑线或亮线的显示效果。
基于同一发明构思，本申请实施例还提供了一种液晶功能膜100的制备方法，其具体流程步骤如下：
首先，在基板1上涂布配向材料，该配向材料可以为光配向材料，光配向材料的取向可通过曝光实现，通过曝光对光配向材料进行配向形成配向层2。曝光光源可以为紫外(ultraviolet，UV)光或者可见光，曝光波段的选择具体由光配向材料的特性决定，例如：UV光的波段可以选365nm或325nm等，可见光可以选择400nm-450nm的蓝光波段等。曝光方式可以为单一光源曝光或者采用多束光干涉曝光，例如：可以采用两束圆偏振光干涉曝光。配向完成后，配向层2中配向分子形成的排列规律为：沿某一方向呈规律性周期排列，配向层2中不同区域内的排列周期大小可以根据具体需求进行设计，可以相同或者不同，排列周期优选可以选择在0.5um-200um范围内的任意数值，不同区域内的光栅方向可以匹配显示面板200的非显示区域C形状进行设计，可以相同或者不同。
在完成配向层2的制备后，在配向层2上涂布液晶分子31，液晶分子31可选择聚合物材料，液晶分子31的取向方向跟随配向层2中配向分子的排列规律进行排布即也呈现规律性周期排列且形成偏振光栅30，对液晶分子31可以通过光照或者加热的方式进行固化，固化后可以形成液晶层3，具体地，聚合物材料在光照或者加热等条件下可以发生聚合反应固化成膜。进一步地，涂布的液晶材料中可以掺杂手性材料，使得液晶分子31在厚度方向(z方向)上存在顺时针或者逆时针的扭曲。进一步地，在形成一层液晶层3后可以重复涂布液晶分子31和对液晶分子31固化的步骤，即重复涂布-固化-涂布-固化-…的过程，形成堆叠的多层液晶层3，形成的液晶层3总厚度可以在200um以下。由于单层液晶层3仅能对单一波段的可见光进行折射，而堆叠的多层液晶层3可以对多波段的可见光进行折射，以实现高衍射效率。
在液晶功能膜100制作完成后，可以将液晶功能膜100放置在显示面板200的出光侧上方。具体地，液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30需要覆盖显示面板200的至少部分非显示区域C，进一步地，偏振光栅30还可以覆盖显示面板200的显示区域A临近非显示区域C的部分，以保证从显示区域A边缘倾斜出射至非显示区域C的光线可以经过偏振光栅30后向靠近垂直于基板1的方向偏转，即最终经过偏振光栅30后的光线大致垂直基板1的方向出射，但不一定所有的光线都沿垂直方向出射，这样从视觉感官上可以感到从非显示区域C出射的光线，造成视觉上非显示区域C变窄或者变成没有的显示效果。
进一步地，为了保证入射至液晶功能膜100的光线为圆偏振光，还可以根据具体结构设计需求，在液晶功能膜100与显示面板200之间添加一层或多层相位延迟膜300(也可以称之为相位延迟片)，相位延迟膜300例如可以是1/4玻片等。值的注意的是，相位延迟膜300至少应覆盖液晶功能膜100中的偏振光栅30，相位延迟膜300也可以设置的比偏振光栅30的尺寸大，例如相位延迟膜300可以与液晶功能膜100的尺寸一致。
基于同一发明构思，本申请实施例还提供了一种终端，包括壳体和本申请实施例提供的上述显示装置。本申请提供的终端可以应用在所有需要减小屏幕非显示区域的产品中，例如：显示器、抬头显示、照明、汽车显示灯等产品。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的保护范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括显示面板和位于所述显示面板出光面的液晶功能膜；
    所述液晶功能膜包括基板，位于所述基板上的配向层，以及位于所述配向层上的液晶层；其中，
    所述配向层中的配向分子沿某一方向呈规律性周期排列；
    所述液晶层中液晶分子的取向方向跟随所述配向分子的排列规律呈现规律性周期排列且形成偏振光栅，所述偏振光栅覆盖所述显示面板的至少部分非显示区域，所述偏振光栅用于将从所述显示面板的显示区域倾斜出射至所述非显示区域的光线偏折至所述非显示区域的正视角方向出射。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，在所述液晶层中液晶分子的一个排列周期内，在不同位置的液晶分子的取向方向不同。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的显示装置，其特征在于，在一个所述排列周期内，在不同位置的各液晶分子在平行于所述基板的平面内沿着一轴向依次旋转一角度。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述排列周期为不同位置的液晶分子沿着一轴向旋转180度或360度对应的距离。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶层中不同区域内的排列周期不同或相同。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶层中液晶分子的排列周期在0.5um-200um之间。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶层包括单层或多层堆叠的液晶层。
  8. 如权利要求1-7任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶层的液晶材料中掺杂手性材料，所述液晶层中液晶分子在厚度方向存在顺时针或逆时针的扭曲。
  9. 如权利要求1-8任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶层的总厚度在200um以下。
  10. 如权利要求1-9任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶功能膜中的偏振光栅还覆盖显示区域邻近所述非显示区域的部分。
  11. 如权利要求1-10任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，还包括盖板，所述盖板位于所述液晶功能膜与所述显示面板之间，或，所述盖板位于所述液晶功能膜之上。
  12. 如权利要求1-11任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，还包括：位于所述液晶功能膜与所述显示面板之间的一层或多层相位延迟膜。
  13. 如权利要求1-12任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述液晶功能膜为一层或多层。
  14. 如权利要求1-13任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示面板为一个，或所述显示面板包括多个相互拼接的显示模组。
  15. 如权利要求1-14任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示面板的非显示区域包括边框区域、挖孔区域、弯折区域中一种或组合。
  16. 如权利要求1-15任一项所述的显示装置，其特征在于，所述显示面板为液晶显示面板LCD或 有机电致发光显示面板OLED。
  17. 一种终端，其特征在于，包括：壳体和如权利要求1-16任一项所述的显示装置。
  18. 一种液晶功能膜，其特征在于，所述液晶功能膜用于设置在显示面板出光侧的非显示区域；
    所述液晶功能膜包括基板，位于所述基板上的配向层，以及位于所述配向层上的液晶层；其中，
    所述配向层中的配向分子沿某一方向呈规律性周期排列；
    所述液晶层中液晶分子的取向方向跟随所述配向分子的排列规律呈现规律性周期排列且形成偏振光栅，所述偏振光栅用于将从所述显示面板的显示区域倾斜出射至所述非显示区域的光线偏折至所述非显示区域的正视角方向出射。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的液晶功能膜，其特征在于，在所述液晶层中液晶分子的一个排列周期内，在不同位置的液晶分子的取向方向不同。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的液晶功能膜，其特征在于，在一个所述排列周期内，在不同位置的各液晶分子在平行于所述基板的平面内沿着一轴向依次旋转一角度。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的液晶功能膜，其特征在于，所述排列周期为不同位置的液晶分子沿着一轴向旋转180度或360度对应的距离。
  22. 如权利要求18-21任一项所述的液晶功能膜，其特征在于，所述液晶层中不同区域内的排列周期不同或相同。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的液晶功能膜，其特征在于，所述液晶层中液晶分子的排列周期在0.5um-200um之间。
  24. 如权利要求18-23任一项所述的液晶功能膜，其特征在于，所述液晶层包括单层或多层堆叠的液晶层。
  25. 如权利要求18-24任一项所述的液晶功能膜，其特征在于，所述液晶层的液晶材料中掺杂手性材料，所述液晶层中液晶分子在厚度方向存在顺时针或逆时针的扭曲。
  26. 如权利要求18-25任一项所述的液晶功能膜，其特征在于，所述液晶层的总厚度在200um以下。
  27. 一种液晶功能膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在基板上涂布光配向材料，对所述光配向材料进行曝光，形成配向层，所述配向层中配向分子沿某一方向呈规律性周期排列；
    在所述配向层上涂布液晶分子，所述液晶分子的取向方向跟随所述配向层中配向分子的排列规律呈现规律性周期排列且形成偏振光栅，对所述液晶分子固化后形成液晶层；所述偏振光栅用于将从显示面板的显示区域倾斜出射至非显示区域的光线偏折至所述非显示区域的正视角方向出射。
PCT/CN2023/101299 2022-06-23 2023-06-20 液晶功能膜、显示装置、终端及相关制备方法 Ceased WO2023246751A1 (zh)

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