WO2023246897A1 - 热管理系统建模方法、装置、设备、介质和车辆 - Google Patents

热管理系统建模方法、装置、设备、介质和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023246897A1
WO2023246897A1 PCT/CN2023/101829 CN2023101829W WO2023246897A1 WO 2023246897 A1 WO2023246897 A1 WO 2023246897A1 CN 2023101829 W CN2023101829 W CN 2023101829W WO 2023246897 A1 WO2023246897 A1 WO 2023246897A1
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Prior art keywords
management system
thermal management
model
target
temperature
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PCT/CN2023/101829
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张洪洋
薛剑
孟莹
马春山
刘凯峰
蒙越
宁昀鹏
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Beijing Co Wheels Technology Co Ltd
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Beijing Co Wheels Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to US18/878,229 priority Critical patent/US20250384177A1/en
Priority to EP23826542.5A priority patent/EP4546199A4/en
Publication of WO2023246897A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023246897A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/27Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/15Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
    • F01P7/165Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control characterised by systems with two or more loops
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2023/00Signal processing; Details thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2200/00Prediction; Simulation; Testing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/08Fluids
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the field of thermal management technology, and specifically relates to a thermal management system modeling method, device and equipment, readable storage media, vehicles, computer program products and computer programs.
  • the automotive thermal management system needs to automatically adjust the coolant intensity according to driving conditions and environmental conditions to keep the corresponding components working within the optimal temperature range. Specifically, it is necessary to keep the engine operating within the corresponding optimal temperature range.
  • the outlet temperature of the coolant is calculated based on the structure of the thermal management system. Due to the complex structure of the thermal management system, which has multiple circulation nodes, the outlet temperature of the coolant is calculated. The workload is heavy and slow.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a thermal management system modeling method, device and equipment, a readable storage medium, a vehicle, a computer program product and a computer program, so as to simplify the thermal management system, so that the thermal management system can be easily and quickly calculated. Coolant outlet temperature.
  • thermo management system modeling method which method includes:
  • the temperature nodes in the thermal management system are merged according to a preset merging strategy to obtain a target model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • thermo management system modeling device which includes:
  • a first acquisition module configured to acquire multiple temperature nodes in the thermal management system of the vehicle and multiple branch circuits in the thermal management system
  • a first determination module configured to determine, based on the heat exchange components in each of the branch circuits and/or the warm water points of the coolants in at least two of the branch circuits, that the thermal management system cannot be combined.
  • the second determination module is configured to merge the temperature nodes in the thermal management system according to the preset merging strategy based on the temperature nodes in the thermal management system that cannot be merged, and obtain the corresponding target of the thermal management system. Model.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a thermal management system modeling device.
  • the device includes a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored on the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the program when the instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the thermal management system modeling method described in any embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure are implemented.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium.
  • Programs or instructions are stored on the computer-readable storage medium.
  • any implementation of the first aspect of the present disclosure is implemented.
  • the steps of the thermal management system modeling method of the engine cooling system are described in the example.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a vehicle, which includes at least one of the following:
  • thermo management system modeling device as described in the embodiment of the first aspect
  • thermal management system modeling device as described in the embodiment of the second aspect
  • a computer-readable storage medium as described in the embodiment of the third aspect is described.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which when executed by a processor is used to implement the construction of a thermal management system as described in any embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure. model method.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a computer program, which includes computer program code.
  • the computer program code When the computer program code is run on a computer, the computer performs the thermal processing as described in any embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure. Management systems modeling methods.
  • the thermal management system modeling methods, devices, equipment, media and vehicles can obtain multiple temperature nodes in the thermal management system and multiple branch circuits in the thermal management system, based on each branch.
  • the heat exchange components in the loop, and/or, the warm water points of the coolants in at least two branch circuits determine the temperature nodes that cannot be merged that meet the preset conditions in the thermal management system. Based on the determination of the temperature nodes that cannot be merged, according to the preset Assume that the merging strategy merges the temperature nodes in the thermal management system to obtain the target model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • the number of temperature nodes in the thermal management system is smaller than the number of temperature nodes in the thermal management system at the beginning, which simplifies the structure of the thermal management system. In this way, when calculating the outlet water temperature in the thermal management system, there is no need to calculate the temperature of many temperature nodes, which improves It improves the calculation efficiency of outlet water temperature and saves calculation power.
  • Figure 1 is one of the schematic diagrams of the overall model of the thermal management system involved in the first embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a second schematic diagram of the overall model of the thermal management system involved in the first embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic flowchart of a thermal management system modeling method provided by the first embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the first model involved in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a second model related to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a target model involved in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a double-layer flat plate model of an engine related to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a temperature delay model of flow integration related to the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system modeling device provided by the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system modeling device provided by the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 1 is an overall model of an automobile thermal management system.
  • the connection lines between the heat exchange components in Figure 1 can be used for cooling.
  • the calculation is based on the mechanism of the thermal management system.
  • the structure of the thermal management system is complex and has multiple circulation nodes.
  • the circulation nodes at both ends of the battery T6.2 and T6.1
  • the circulation nodes at both ends of the fan heat exchanger T6.3 and T6.4
  • the circulation nodes at both ends of the engine T1.1 and T1 .2 etc.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a thermal management system modeling method, device and equipment, a readable storage medium, a vehicle, a computer program product and a computer program.
  • a thermal management system modeling method, device and equipment By obtaining multiple temperature nodes in the thermal management system, As well as multiple branch circuits in the thermal management system, it can be determined that the preset conditions are met in the thermal management system based on the heat exchange components in each branch circuit and/or the warm water points of the coolant in at least two branch circuits.
  • the temperature nodes in the thermal management system are merged according to the preset merge strategy to obtain the target model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • the temperature nodes can be continuously merged according to the preset merge strategy
  • the temperature nodes in the thermal management system are merged, so the number of temperature nodes in the final target model is smaller than the number of temperature nodes in the thermal management system at the beginning, which simplifies the structure of the thermal management system. In this way, when calculating thermal management When measuring the outlet water temperature in the system, there is no need to calculate the temperatures of many temperature nodes, which improves the calculation efficiency of the outlet water temperature and saves computing power.
  • thermal management modeling method is based on detecting the outlet temperature of the coolant at the engine and the outlet temperature of the coolant at the battery in Figure 1 .
  • FIG 3 is a schematic flowchart of a thermal management system modeling method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the execution subject of the thermal management system modeling method may be a server. It should be noted that the above execution subject does not constitute a guarantee of the present disclosure. limited.
  • Step 310 Obtain multiple temperature nodes in the vehicle's thermal management system and multiple branch circuits in the thermal management system.
  • Step 320 Based on the heat exchange components in each branch circuit and/or the warm water points of the coolants in at least two branch circuits, determine the temperature nodes in the thermal management system that meet preset conditions and cannot be merged.
  • the number of temperature nodes simplifies the structure of the thermal management system. In this way, when calculating the outlet water temperature in the thermal management system, there is no need to calculate the temperature of many temperature nodes, which improves the calculation efficiency of the outlet water temperature and saves computing power.
  • the branch loop may be a circulation loop formed along with the circulation of coolant in the thermal management system.
  • the battery-fan heat exchanger-battery in Figure 1 can form one loop
  • the battery-heat exchanger-battery can form another loop
  • the device can form a loop.
  • Step 320 Determine temperature nodes in the thermal management system that cannot be combined based on the heat exchange components in each branch circuit and/or the warm water points of the coolants in at least two branch circuits.
  • the temperature nodes that cannot be combined in the thermal management system can be determined based on the heat exchange components in each branch circuit. Specifically, if a branch circuit has heat exchange components, then the branch circuit can be determined. Temperature nodes at both ends of the heat exchange components in the loop cannot be merged.
  • T6.1 temperature For the battery-fan heat exchanger-battery branch circuit, for T6.1 temperature
  • the temperature node and the T6.2 temperature node have a heat exchange component such as a battery, so the T6.1 temperature node and the T6.2 temperature node cannot be merged.
  • the T6.3 temperature node and the T6.4 temperature node have a heat exchange component such as a fan heat exchanger, so the T6.3 temperature node and the T6.4 temperature node cannot be merged.
  • the temperature nodes in the thermal management system that cannot be combined can also be determined based on the warm water points of the coolant in at least two branch circuits. Specifically, it can be if the temperature nodes in the at least two branch circuits are If the coolants are mixed together, it is determined that the temperature nodes of at least two branch circuits cannot be merged.
  • Step 330 Based on the temperature nodes in the thermal management system that cannot be merged, merge the temperature nodes in the thermal management system according to the preset merging strategy to obtain a target model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • the preset merging strategy may be a preset rough plan for merging temperature nodes that cannot be merged in the thermal management system.
  • Step 3301 Based on the temperature nodes that cannot be merged in the thermal management system, a delay volume corresponding to the heat exchange components in each branch loop is constructed.
  • a delay volume corresponding to the heat exchange components in each branch loop can be constructed based on temperature nodes that cannot be combined in the thermal management system.
  • a one-to-one correspondence with each branch loop in the thermal management system is determined based on the open-loop model.
  • N initial volumes close the open-loop model, and use the closed open-loop model to correct the N initial volumes to obtain N delay volumes that correspond one-to-one to each branch loop in the thermal management system, so we can get
  • the N delay volumes accurately correspond to each branch circuit one-to-one, which improves the reliability of determining the delay volume corresponding to each branch circuit.
  • Step 3302 Based on the delay volumes corresponding to the heat exchange components in each branch circuit, simplify the heat exchange components in each branch circuit in the thermal management system to obtain a first model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • the first model may be a simplified model of the thermal management system obtained by simplifying the heat exchange components in each branch circuit of the thermal management system based on the delay volumes corresponding to the heat exchange components in each branch circuit.
  • the heat exchange components in each branch circuit in the thermal management system can be simplified based on the delay volumes corresponding to the heat exchange components in each branch circuit constructed above, and the thermal management system shown in Figure 4 is obtained.
  • the corresponding first model it should be noted that in Figure 2, the refrigeration, heating and warm air system is not working, so that the refrigeration, heating and warm air system and the heat exchanger can be merged together to obtain the figure in Figure 4 Virtual volume V5).
  • the virtual volume V1 is T2.1-T2.3, passing through T2.2, including the fan heat exchanger.
  • the virtual volume V2 is T4.1-T4.6 and passes through T4.2-T4.5, including the cooling and heating system.
  • the virtual volume V3 is T4.6-T4.9/T4.10, passing through T4.7 and T4.8, including the heat exchanger and three-way valve.
  • the virtual volume V4 is T4.9-T6.3/T6.6, passing through T6.1 and T6.2, including the battery.
  • the virtual volume V5 is T6.3-T6.5, and the route is T6.4, including the battery and fan heat exchanger.
  • the virtual volume V6 is T6.6-T6.8, and the path is T6.7, including the heat exchanger.
  • Step 3303 Merge temperature nodes with the same temperature in different branch circuits in the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • temperature nodes T1.2, T2.1 and T3.2 belong to different branch loops, but their temperatures are the same and have not undergone heat conduction. Therefore, the temperature node T1 in Figure 5 can be .2. T2.1 and T3.2 are merged.
  • the temperature nodes T6.6 and T6.3 in Figure 4 belong to different branch circuits, but their temperatures are the same and have not undergone heat conduction. Therefore, the temperature nodes T6.6 and T6.3 in Figure 4 can be merge.
  • the temperature nodes T1.1 and T5 in Figure 4 belong to different branch loops, but their temperatures are the same and have not undergone heat conduction. Therefore, the temperature nodes T6.6 and T6.3 in Figure 4 can be merged. In this way, the second model shown in Figure 5 can be obtained.
  • Step 3304 Combine two adjacent mixed water points without heat source conduction in the second model into one mixed water point to obtain a target model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • the target model may be a simplified model of the thermal management system finally obtained by merging two adjacent water mixing points without heat source conduction into one mixing water point in the second model.
  • mixing water point 1 and mixing water point 2 are two adjacent mixing water points, and there is no heat source conduction between the two mixing water points, and the outlet temperature of the engine to be calculated
  • the outlet temperature node of the node and the battery are not between the mixing point 1 and the mixing point 2, so the mixing point 1 and the mixing point 2 can be merged into one mixing point, and the target model shown in Figure 6 is obtained.
  • the above-mentioned thermal management system modeling method may also include:
  • the temperature of the first target branch circuit is determined based on the flow rate corresponding to the first target branch circuit and the temperature delay model corresponding to the delay volume of the first target branch circuit.
  • the first target branch circuit may be at least one of the branch circuits.
  • a local flow model of the first target branch loop can be constructed based on the flow relationship between each branch loop in the first target model, and then based on the local flow model, the first target branch loop can be calculated According to the flow rate corresponding to a target branch loop and the temperature delay model corresponding to the delay volume of the first target branch loop, the temperature of the first target branch loop can be accurately determined.
  • constructing a local flow model of the first target branch loop based on the flow relationship between the branch loops in the target model may specifically include:
  • a local flow model corresponding to the type of the heat exchange component in the first target branch circuit is constructed.
  • the local flow model of the first target branch circuit when constructing the local flow model of the first target branch circuit, it is necessary to construct the local flow model according to the exchange rate in the first target branch circuit.
  • the type of the heat component is used to construct a local flow model corresponding to the type of the heat exchange component in the first target branch circuit.
  • the first target branch loop can be determined based on the number of branch loops in the first target model and the flow relationship between each branch loop in the first target model; and then based on the first In target branch circuit According to the type of heat exchange components, a local flow model corresponding to the type of heat exchange components in the first target branch circuit is constructed. In this way, a local flow model corresponding to the first target branch circuit is accurately constructed, and an accurate first flow model is obtained. The outlet temperature of the target branch circuit.
  • Traffic model specifically can include:
  • the first corresponding relationship equation and the second corresponding relationship equation are fitted to obtain the relationship between the combustion gas temperature and the engine Functional relationship of working condition parameters.
  • the historical operating condition parameters may be the operating condition parameters of the engine before the temperature of the engine cooling system is predicted this time.
  • the first corresponding relational expression may be a relational expression between the operating condition parameters of the engine and the heat transfer coefficient between the combustion gases.
  • the second corresponding relational expression may be a relational expression between the mass flow rate of the coolant and the heat transfer coefficient between the cylinder wall of the engine.
  • the functional relationship between the combustion gas temperature and the operating parameters of the engine can be a local flow model constructed corresponding to the type of heat exchange component in the target branch circuit.
  • the engine heat exchange model can be simplified. Specifically, the engine heat exchange model can be simplified into a double-layer flat plate heat exchange model (as shown in Figure 7).
  • the inner side of the engine 700 is combustion gas (not shown in the figure), and the coolant is between the inner cylinder wall 710 and the outer cylinder wall 720 (not shown in the figure).
  • the heat flows into the inner cylinder wall 710 through convection heat transfer, heating the inner cylinder wall, and the inner cylinder wall heats the coolant.
  • the coolant obtains energy
  • the temperature rises and heats the outer cylinder wall 720.
  • the outer cylinder Spontaneous convective heat exchange occurs between the wall and the external environment.
  • ⁇ 1 is the heat transfer coefficient between the engine operating parameters and the combustion gas
  • n is the engine speed
  • T is the engine torque
  • a1, b1, c1, d1, f1 and h1 are all A constant amount based on the engine model.
  • the mass flow of the coolant and the heat transfer coefficient between the mass flow of the coolant and the cylinder wall of the engine can be fitted to obtain the coolant as shown in formula (4)
  • ⁇ 2 is the heat transfer coefficient between the mass flow rate of the coolant and the cylinder wall of the engine; is the engine coolant mass flow rate, a2, b2 and c2 are all constant quantities, which are determined based on the engine model.
  • the steady-state heat exchange between the coolant and the combustion gas in the engine can be The conservation formula is used to fit the first corresponding relationship equation and the second corresponding relationship equation to obtain the functional relationship between the combustion gas temperature and the engine's operating parameters.
  • the functional relationship between the combustion gas temperature and the engine's operating parameters can be calculated based on the heat transfer coefficient, without the need for other redundant calculations, improving combustion efficiency.
  • the calculation efficiency of the functional relationship between gas temperature and engine operating parameters improves the efficiency of determining the outlet temperature of the target branch circuit.
  • the double-layer flat plate model corresponding to the engine is based on the steady-state heat exchange between the coolant and combustion gas in the engine.
  • the conservation formula is used to fit the first corresponding relationship equation and the second corresponding relationship equation to obtain the functional relationship between the combustion gas temperature and the engine's operating parameters. Specifically, it can include:
  • the first corresponding relationship equation and the second corresponding relationship equation are fitted to obtain the heat conduction resistance relationship equation within the engine;
  • the length from the inlet to the outlet of the inner cylinder wall in the engine Perform integration to obtain the third relationship between the combustion gas, the inlet temperature of the coolant, and the outlet temperature of the coolant;
  • the third relational expression may be a corresponding relational expression between the combustion gas, the inlet temperature of the coolant, and the outlet temperature of the coolant.
  • the temperature of the engine outer cylinder wall and the coolant temperature are very close. Therefore, it can be considered that the heat exchange amount between the coolant and the outer cylinder wall is small, and the temperature change of the coolant is Has little effect.
  • the heat exchange between the coolant and the inner cylinder wall is mainly considered.
  • the heat exchange area between the inner cylinder wall and the combustion gas and the coolant respectively, and the heat conduction area of the inner cylinder wall the first corresponding relationship
  • the equation and the second corresponding relationship are fitted. According to the steady-state heat exchange series heat transfer formula, the heat conduction and thermal resistance relationship in the engine shown in the following formula (5) can be obtained:
  • T gas is the temperature of the combustion gas
  • T w is the temperature of the coolant
  • A1 is the heat exchange area between the combustion gas and the inner cylinder wall
  • A2 is the heat conduction area of the inner cylinder wall
  • A3 is the inner cylinder wall and the heat exchange area of the coolant
  • ⁇ 1 is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the inner cylinder wall (it is a constant number, which is related to the material of the inner cylinder wall)
  • ⁇ 1 is the heat transfer coefficient between the engine operating parameters and the combustion gas
  • ⁇ 2 is the heat transfer coefficient between the mass flow rate of the coolant and the cylinder wall of the engine.
  • L c is the characteristic length of the heat exchange component (inner cylinder wall, coolant, combustion gas and outer cylinder wall), indicating the heat exchange area corresponding to each unit length, and x is the length of the heat exchange component ;
  • T gas is the temperature of the combustion gas;
  • T w is the temperature of the coolant.
  • T gas is the combustion gas temperature
  • T w,out is the outlet temperature of the coolant
  • T w,in is the inlet temperature of the coolant.
  • T w,in is the intake air temperature at cold start
  • T w,in,measure is the intake air temperature at the initial stage of combustion.
  • temperatures in the correction formula are all Kelvin temperatures.
  • the first corresponding relational expression and the second corresponding relational expression according to the heat exchange area of the inner cylinder wall with the combustion gas and the coolant respectively, and the heat conduction area of the inner cylinder wall, we obtain The heat conduction and thermal resistance relationship in the engine; then based on the heat conduction and thermal resistance relationship, and according to the steady-state heat exchange conservation formula between the coolant and combustion gas in the engine, the inlet temperatures of the combustion gas and coolant and the coolant are obtained
  • the third relational expression between the outlet temperature and the engine's operating parameters can be obtained by fitting a quadratic function between the third relational expression and the engine's operating parameters. In this way, the functional relationship between the combustion gas temperature and the engine's operating parameters can be obtained.
  • the construction corresponds to the type of the heat exchange component in the first target branch circuit.
  • Local traffic model specifically can include:
  • the preset model is trained based on the training samples to obtain a local flow model for determining the coolant at the heat exchange component of the first target branch circuit.
  • the first flow data can be the key flow data of the thermal management system obtained during the experiment, Specifically, it can be the overall flow data of the thermal management system, or it can be the local flow data of a certain key heat exchange component in the thermal management system in Figure 1 (for example, it can be a battery or an engine, etc.).
  • an overall physical model corresponding to the thermal management system can be built, that is, the physical model in Figure 1 .
  • the model parameters of the physical model can be the water pump pressure rise of the coolant, the pressure drop of the heat exchange environment and the loss of the coolant along the pipe wall, etc. used when building the physical model.
  • the preset model may be a preset model. After training the preset model, a local flow model for determining the coolant at the target heat exchange component can be obtained.
  • the preset model can be a neural network model or other models that can be used to predict the local flow rate at the target heat exchange component, which is not limited here.
  • the target heat exchange component may be a heat exchange component whose local flow rate is to be predicted, for example, it may be the battery, water pump, etc. shown in Figure 1 above.
  • the target physical model may be to modify the model parameters of the physical model to obtain the corresponding physical model of the thermal management system.
  • the correction of the model parameters of the physical model may be done manually by engineers, or it may be done automatically through other methods, which is not limited here.
  • the target heat exchange component may be the heat exchange component where the flow rate of the coolant is to be calculated. Specifically, it can be the battery, engine or heat exchanger in Figure 1.
  • the second flow data may be flow data of the coolant at the target heat exchange component calculated based on the target physical model.
  • the flow rate of the coolant at some heat exchange components cannot be measured during the experiment, but the flow rate of the coolant at the heat exchange component is very important.
  • the overall physical model of the thermal management system target physical model
  • Traffic data second traffic data
  • the flow rate of the coolant at the engine can be calculated based on the flow rate of the coolant at the battery in Figure 1 .
  • the target characteristic parameter may be a characteristic parameter that controls the operation of the thermal management system. It may also be a characteristic parameter obtained by performing preset processing on the characteristic parameter that controls the operation of the thermal management system.
  • a physical model corresponding to the thermal management system is built based on the obtained first flow data of the thermal management system; based on the first flow data, the model parameters of the physical model are modified to obtain the corresponding physical model of the thermal management system.
  • the target physical model then based on the target physical model, calculate the second flow data of the coolant at the target heat exchange component in the thermal management system; construct training based on the second flow data and its corresponding target characteristic parameters that control the operation of the thermal management system Samples; train the preset model based on the training samples to obtain a local flow model for determining the local flow rate of the coolant at the target heat exchange component.
  • a local flow model that accurately calculates the local flow rate of the coolant can be obtained, and then a local flow model can be constructed
  • This local flow model obtains the local flow rate of the coolant at the target component.
  • the calculation is simple and fast, and the obtained local flow rate of the coolant at the target component is accurate, which improves the accuracy and efficiency of the local flow rate of the coolant at the target component. sex.
  • the thermal management system modeling method involved above can also include:
  • the target characteristic parameter is determined.
  • the first characteristic parameter may be a direct characteristic parameter that controls the operation of the thermal management system, such as water pump speed, temperature, valve opening, engine speed, engine torque, etc.
  • the associated characteristic parameter may be a characteristic parameter obtained by expanding the first characteristic parameter according to the corresponding relationship with the first traffic data.
  • the first characteristic parameters include water pump speed, temperature, valve opening, engine speed, and engine torque.
  • the associated characteristic parameters of the water pump speed can be obtained: the square of the speed and the square of the speed. 3rd power.
  • the associated characteristic parameters of the temperature can be obtained: the square of the temperature, the third power of the temperature, and the fourth power of the temperature.
  • the valve opening the associated characteristic parameters of the valve opening can be obtained: the square of the valve opening and the third power of the valve opening.
  • the related characteristic parameters of the engine speed and the engine torque can be obtained: the product of the engine speed and the engine torque, and the integral of the product of the engine speed and the engine torque, etc.
  • the target feature parameter may be a feature parameter based on each associated feature parameter, for example, it may be a feature parameter obtained by performing preset processing on each associated feature parameter.
  • the preset model may be a preset model. After training the preset model, a local flow model for determining the coolant at the target heat exchange component can be obtained.
  • the thermal management system by obtaining the first characteristic parameter that controls the operation of the thermal management system; and then determining at least one associated characteristic associated with the first flow data according to the corresponding relationship between the first characteristic parameter and the first flow data. Parameters; determine the target characteristic parameters according to each associated characteristic parameter, so that the target characteristic parameters can be accurately determined, and then a local flow model for determining the coolant at the target heat exchange component can be accurately constructed.
  • determining the target characteristic parameters according to each associated characteristic parameter may include:
  • Step A Input each associated feature parameter into the feature screening model in turn, and obtain the predicted traffic value corresponding to each associated feature parameter;
  • Step B For each associated feature parameter, calculate the mean square error between the predicted flow value corresponding to the associated feature parameter and the low flow value of the coolant in the thermal management system;
  • Step C Use the associated feature parameter corresponding to the smallest mean square error as the first candidate feature parameter
  • Step D Update the output of the feature screening model to the high flow value of the coolant in the thermal management system, return to steps A to C, and obtain the second candidate feature parameters;
  • Step E Use the first candidate feature parameter and the second candidate feature parameter as the target feature parameter.
  • the feature screening model can be obtained by learning the relationship between each associated feature parameter and the flow value of the coolant in the thermal management system.
  • the feature screening model may be a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) based on joint probability distribution.
  • the input quantity of this model can be each associated characteristic parameter, and the output quantity can be the flow value of the coolant in the thermal management system.
  • Predicting the traffic value may be that after each associated feature parameter is input into the feature screening model in sequence, the feature screening model predicts the traffic value corresponding to each associated feature parameter based on each associated feature parameter.
  • the low flow value may be a flow value that is less than or equal to the first preset flow threshold.
  • the low flow value may be a lower flow value within the flow range of the coolant.
  • the first preset flow threshold here may be a preset low flow value threshold. For example, if the coolant flow range is between 500 and 1000, then the low flow value may be between 500 and 700.
  • the first candidate feature parameter may be a correlation feature parameter corresponding to the smallest mean square error among the predicted flow value corresponding to the calculated correlation feature parameter and the mean square error of the low flow value of the coolant in the thermal management system.
  • the high flow value may be a flow value whose flow value is greater than or equal to the second preset flow threshold.
  • the high flow rate value may be a higher flow rate value within the flow rate range of the coolant.
  • the second preset flow threshold here may be a preset high flow value threshold. For example, if the flow range of the coolant is between 500 and 1000, then the high flow value may be between 700 and 1000.
  • the second candidate feature parameter may be the associated feature parameter corresponding to the smallest mean square error among the calculated predicted flow values corresponding to each associated feature parameter and the mean square error of the high flow value of the coolant in the thermal management system.
  • the relevant characteristic parameters are the product of engine speed and torque
  • the square of the water pump speed and the third power of the water pump speed traverse all the associated feature parameters, that is, the product of the engine speed and torque, as well as the square of the water pump speed and the cube of the water pump speed are respectively input into the feature screening model, and the products of the engine speed and torque, and the water pump speed are obtained respectively.
  • the predicted flow value corresponding to the square of the square of the water pump speed and the third power of the water pump speed is 550
  • the predicted flow value corresponding to the square of the water pump speed is 900
  • the predicted flow value corresponding to the square of the water pump speed is 900.
  • the corresponding predicted traffic value is 950. If the dependent variable of the feature screening model at this time is 600 (that is, the traffic standard output by the feature screening model), then calculate the mean square errors of 550, 900, and 950 and 600 respectively. By comparison, the mean square errors of 550 and 600 can be obtained If the error is the smallest, the associated characteristic parameter corresponding to 550 (the product of engine speed and torque) can be used as the first candidate characteristic parameter.
  • the first candidate feature parameter and the second candidate feature parameter are used as the target feature parameters, that is, the product of the engine speed and torque, and the square of the water pump speed are used as the final target feature parameters.
  • the first candidate characteristic parameter and the second candidate characteristic parameter may be obtained.
  • the first candidate feature parameter and the second candidate feature parameter are sorted from low to high according to their mean square error with the flow value of the coolant in the thermal management system, and then the top N feature parameters with the highest ranking are obtained as the final target feature. parameter. This ensures accuracy and avoids feature redundancy.
  • target characteristic parameters that can be used to construct a local flow model of the coolant at the target heat exchange component are selected, so that an accurate coolant flow model can be obtained Local flow model at the target heat exchange component.
  • the preset model is trained based on training samples.
  • Obtaining the local flow model used to determine the coolant at the target heat exchange component may specifically include:
  • the initial local flow model with the highest accuracy is selected from each initial local flow model as the local flow model used to determine the local flow rate of the coolant at the target heat exchange component.
  • the initial local traffic model may be a model obtained by training a preset model using training samples.
  • the acquired second flow data and its corresponding target characteristic parameters for controlling the operation of the thermal management system may be randomly divided into a training set and a test set (specifically, it may be based on 85% and 15% (divided into proportions), and then use the training samples to train the preset model to obtain at least one initial local flow model used to determine the coolant at the target heat exchange component, and then use the k test to calculate the predicted value of each initial local flow model.
  • the accuracy of the local flow rate of the coolant at the target heat exchange component Based on this accuracy, the initial local flow model with the highest accuracy is selected from each initial local flow model, and then the test set is used to compare the selected highest accuracy model.
  • the initial local flow model is tested and verified to obtain the verification result (that is, whether the initial local flow model with the highest accuracy can accurately predict the local flow at the target heat exchange component). If the verification result is good, the highest accuracy can be used
  • the initial local flow model is used as a local training model for determining the local flow of coolant at the target heat exchange component, so that the most accurate local flow model can be obtained.
  • the obtained at least one initial local flow model for determining the coolant at the target heat exchange component conduct testing and verification using the test set, and then obtain the results of each initial local flow model. Test the results, and then use the k test to calculate the accuracy and test accuracy of the local flow rate of the coolant at the target heat exchange component predicted by each initial local flow model. Based on this accuracy and test accuracy, select the method used to determine the target heat exchanger.
  • the local training model of the local flow rate of the coolant at the component can be specifically selected based on comprehensive accuracy and test accuracy to determine the local training model for determining the local flow rate of the coolant at the target heat exchange component.
  • At least one initial local flow model for determining the cooling liquid at the target heat exchange component is obtained, and then the cooling predicted by each initial local flow model is calculated.
  • the accuracy of the local flow rate of the coolant at the target heat exchange component Based on this accuracy, the initial local flow model with the highest accuracy is selected from each initial local flow model as used to determine the local flow rate of the coolant at the target heat exchange component. local training model, so that the most accurate local traffic model can be obtained.
  • the temperature of the first target branch circuit is determined based on the flow rate corresponding to the first target branch circuit and the temperature delay model corresponding to the delay volume of the first target branch circuit. Specifically, include:
  • the temperature corresponding to the delayed flow value of the first target branch loop at the first moment is determined as the temperature of the first target branch loop at the second moment. temperature
  • the first time may be an initial time at which the outlet temperature of the thermal management system is to be calculated. It can also be any time after the initial time and before the target time.
  • the initial time may be the time when the outlet temperature of the thermal management system is to be predicted.
  • the first temperature may be the temperature of the outlet of the thermal management system at the initial moment.
  • the target time may be the time at which the temperature of the outlet of the thermal management system is to be predicted.
  • the second moment may be located after the first moment, and the second moment may be separated from the first moment by a unit time step.
  • a flow integral temperature delay model can be set for each branch circuit.
  • the output temperature of each branch circuit at a certain moment at the outlet can be determined based on its corresponding flow integral temperature delay model.
  • the input of the temperature delay model of the flow integral of a certain branch loop (for example, it can be the first target branch loop) is: the delayed flow value of the branch loop at a certain moment, and the output is: the outlet of the branch loop is at temperature at that moment.
  • the delayed flow value of a certain branch loop at a certain time can be based on the cumulative flow value of the branch loop from the initial time to that moment, that is, the cumulative flow value of the branch loop at that moment, and the delay of the branch loop Volume determined.
  • the cumulative flow value of the branch loop from the initial time to this time is The delay volume of the branch loop is Vi, then the delay flow value of the branch loop at this moment is:
  • the cumulative flow value of the branch circuit at a certain time can be the sum of the flow value at that time and the historical flow value.
  • the historical flow value at a certain moment is the sum of the flow values from the initial moment to the previous moment.
  • the flow value at a certain time can be determined based on the control parameter value at that time.
  • the specific implementation can be obtained based on the above-mentioned local traffic model.
  • the temperature delay model of flow integration can be understood as a model based on a look-up table. For easy understanding, please see Figure 8. As shown in Figure 8, when determining the temperature at a certain moment, you can first determine the cumulative flow value at that moment; then, based on the delay volume, determine the delayed flow value at that moment; then, determine the temperature corresponding to the delayed flow value. is the temperature at that moment.
  • the temperature delay model of the flow integral is updated in real time during the iterative calculation process. Each time an iterative operation is performed, the temperature delay model of the flow integral is updated.
  • the temperature of the i-th branch loop degree which will affect the update of the temperature delay model of the flow integral of the i+1th branch loop, thereby improving the reliability of the prediction.
  • the second temperature of the thermal management system at the second moment can be understood as: the output temperature of the Nth branch circuit. Therefore, in this embodiment, after updating the temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to each branch circuit, the influence of the heat conduction delay can be considered by calculating the cumulative flow value of the P-th branch circuit at the first moment. , based on the accumulated flow value and virtual volume of the P-th branch loop, determine the delayed flow value of the P-th branch loop at the first moment, and then input it into the flow integral corresponding to the P-th branch loop. Using the temperature delay model, the output temperature of the P-th branch circuit is obtained, which is the second temperature of the thermal management system at the second moment.
  • the first temperature of the thermal management system at the first moment, the flow value of the first target branch loop at the first moment, and the delay volume corresponding to the first target branch loop are updated.
  • Temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to the target branch loop according to the flow value of the first target branch loop at the first moment and the delay volume corresponding to the first target branch loop, determine the first target branch loop at the first The delayed flow value at the first moment; in the updated temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to the first target branch loop, the temperature corresponding to the delayed flow value of the first target branch loop at the first moment is determined as the first target branch
  • the temperature of the first target branch circuit at the second moment can be accurately determined.
  • the first The temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to the target branch loop may specifically include:
  • the temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to the second target branch loop is updated;
  • the second target branch loop is in the target model, and A branch circuit adjacent to the first target branch circuit and located in front of the first target branch circuit along the flow direction of the coolant;
  • u is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N;
  • N is the number of branch loops in the target model; when u is equal to 1 for the second target branch loop, the target object can be the first temperature;
  • the target object When u is greater than 1, the target object may be the output temperature of the second target branch loop at the second moment; wherein, the output temperature of the second target branch loop at the second moment is based on the output temperature of the second target branch loop at the second moment.
  • the flow value at a moment, the delay volume corresponding to the second target branch loop, and the updated temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to the second target branch loop are determined.
  • the first reference temperature can be calculated based on the first temperature and the flow value of the first branch loop at the first moment; according to the first reference temperature, and the The flow value of a branch loop at the first moment is used to update the temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to the first branch loop.
  • the flow rate of the first branch loop at the first moment can be determined based on the flow value of the first branch loop at the first moment and the historical flow value of the first branch loop at the first moment. Accumulated flow value; determine the delayed flow value of the first branch loop at the first moment based on the accumulated flow value of the first branch loop at the first moment and the corresponding delay volume of the first branch loop. How to determine the above flow value, accumulated flow value and delayed flow value
  • the determination method of the P-th hot branch loop is the same as the aforementioned one. For details, please refer to the aforementioned relevant descriptions and will not be described again here.
  • the delayed flow value of the first branch circuit at the first moment and the first reference temperature can be added to the temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to the first branch circuit.
  • the abscissa corresponding to the first point is: the delayed flow value of the first branch loop at the first moment.
  • the ordinate corresponding to the first point is: first Reference temperature.
  • the second reference can be calculated based on the output temperature of the first branch loop at the second moment and the flow value of the second branch loop at the first moment. Temperature; based on the second reference temperature and the flow value of the second branch loop at the first moment, update the temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to the first branch loop.
  • the output temperature of each branch circuit can be determined based on the temperature delay model of the flow integral of each branch circuit.
  • the temperature delay model can be based on the flow value of the first branch loop at the first moment, the delay volume corresponding to the first branch loop, and the updated flow integral corresponding to the first branch loop. Determine the output temperature of the first branch circuit at the second moment.
  • the update of the temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to other branch loops is similar to the update of the temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to the second branch loop. To avoid duplication, it will not be described again here.
  • the temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to each branch circuit can be updated, thereby improving the reliability of temperature prediction.
  • the reference temperature can be obtained by looking up a table.
  • the reference temperature may be derived based on a model.
  • calculating the reference temperature of the first target branch circuit based on the flow values of the target object and the first target branch circuit at the first moment may include:
  • the heat exchange model is used for:
  • a heat exchange model can be set for each branch circuit, which is used to update the temperature delay model of the flow integral corresponding to a certain branch circuit, which can be determined by the heat exchange model of the branch circuit.
  • the first value can be the ratio of the flow value of the first target branch loop at the first moment to the characteristic length corresponding to the branch loop. In this way, the lack of flow accuracy can be compensated, thereby improving the reliability of the temperature prediction. sex.
  • the characteristic length can be understood as: the heat exchange area corresponding to unit length.
  • the characteristic lengths corresponding to different branch loops can be different, and the characteristic lengths can be set through experimental data.
  • the heat exchange component in the battery branch, the heat exchange component is the battery
  • the change in the heat of the coolant caused by this temperature change is as shown in the above formula (7 ) shown.
  • the output temperature of the branch circuit can be determined through the corresponding characteristic length of the branch circuit. In this way, the lack of flow accuracy can be compensated, thereby improving the reliability of temperature prediction.
  • the execution subject may be a thermal management system modeling device, or a control unit in the thermal management system modeling device for executing the thermal management system modeling method. module.
  • the present disclosure also provides a thermal management system modeling device.
  • the thermal management system modeling device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. 9 .
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system modeling device according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the thermal management system modeling device 900 may include a first acquisition module 910 , a first determination module 920 and a second determination module 930 .
  • the first acquisition module 910 is used to acquire multiple temperature nodes in the vehicle's thermal management system and multiple branch circuits in the thermal management system.
  • the first determination module 920 is configured to determine temperature nodes in the thermal management system that cannot be combined based on the heat exchange components in each branch circuit and/or the warm water points of the coolant in at least two branch circuits.
  • the second determination module 930 is configured to merge the temperature nodes in the thermal management system according to a preset merging strategy based on the temperature nodes in the thermal management system that cannot be merged, to obtain a target model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • multiple temperature nodes in the thermal management system and multiple branch loops in the thermal management system are acquired through the first acquisition module.
  • the first determination module can be based on the switching in each branch loop.
  • Thermal components, and/or, the warm water points of the coolant in at least two branch circuits determine the temperature nodes that cannot be combined in the thermal management system that meet the preset conditions, and according to the second determination module, the temperature nodes that cannot be combined are determined, Merge the temperature nodes in the thermal management system according to the preset merging strategy to obtain the target model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • the temperature nodes in the thermal management system can be continuously merged according to the preset merging strategy, the final obtained
  • the number of temperature nodes in the target model is smaller than the number of temperature nodes in the thermal management system at the beginning, which simplifies the structure of the thermal management system. In this way, when calculating the outlet water temperature in the thermal management system, there is no need to calculate the temperatures of many temperature nodes. , which improves the calculation efficiency of outlet water temperature and saves calculation power.
  • the second determination module 930 may specifically include a first building unit, a first determination unit, a second determination unit and a third determination unit.
  • the first construction unit is used to construct a delay volume corresponding to the heat exchange components in each of the branch circuits based on the temperature nodes in the thermal management system that cannot be combined.
  • the first determination unit is used to simplify the heat exchange components in each branch circuit in the thermal management system based on the delay volume corresponding to the heat exchange component in each of the branch circuits, and obtain a first model corresponding to the thermal management system. .
  • the second determination unit is used to merge temperature nodes with the same temperature in different branch circuits in the first model to obtain a second model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • the third determination unit is used to merge two adjacent mixed water points without heat source conduction in the second model into one mixed water point to obtain a target model corresponding to the thermal management system.
  • the first construction unit in order to accurately construct the delay volume corresponding to the heat exchange component in each branch circuit, is specifically used to:
  • N initial volumes corresponding to each branch loop in the thermal management system are determined, where the input of the open-loop model is the control parameter value of the thermal management system at the k-th moment, The output is the temperature of the thermal management system at the kth moment;
  • the thermal management system modeling device involved above may further include a second building module, a calculation module and a fifth determination module.
  • the second building module is used to construct a local flow model of the second target branch loop based on the flow relationship between the branch loops in the target model; wherein the second target branch loop is each branch loop At least one branch circuit in .
  • a calculation module configured to calculate the flow rate corresponding to the second target branch loop based on the local flow model of the second target branch loop.
  • a fifth determination module configured to determine the temperature of the second target branch circuit based on the flow rate corresponding to the second target branch circuit and the temperature delay model corresponding to the delay volume of the second target branch circuit.
  • the second building module may specifically include a fourth determining unit and a second building unit.
  • the fourth determination unit is configured to determine the second target branch loop based on the number of branch loops in the target model and the flow relationship between each branch loop in the target model.
  • the second construction unit is configured to construct a local flow model corresponding to the type of the heat exchange component in the second target branch circuit based on the type of the heat exchange component in the second target branch circuit.
  • the second building unit when the type of heat exchange component in the second target branch circuit is an engine type, the second building unit may be specifically used for:
  • the mass flow rate of the coolant in the second target branch circuit and the heat transfer coefficient between the mass flow rate of the coolant and the cylinder wall of the engine are fitted to obtain the mass flow rate of the coolant and the mass flow rate of the engine.
  • the first corresponding relationship equation and the second corresponding relationship equation are fitted according to the steady-state heat transfer conservation formula between the coolant and combustion gas in the engine,
  • the functional relationship between the combustion gas temperature and the engine's working condition parameters is obtained;
  • the functional relationship between the combustion gas temperature and the engine's working condition parameters is a local constructed corresponding to the type of heat exchange component in the second target branch circuit. traffic model.
  • the type of heat exchange component in the second target branch circuit is non-engine
  • the second building unit can be specifically used for:
  • the preset model is trained based on the training samples to obtain a local flow model for determining the coolant at the heat exchange component of the second target branch circuit.
  • the thermal management system modeling device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be used to execute the thermal management system modeling method provided by the above method embodiments. Its implementation principles and technical effects are similar, and will not be described again for the sake of brief introduction.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a thermal management system modeling device.
  • the device includes a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored on the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the program or instructions are executed by the processor, any one of the above embodiments of the present disclosure is implemented.
  • FIG 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system modeling device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the thermal management system modeling device may include a processor 1001 and a memory 1002 storing computer programs or instructions.
  • the above-mentioned processor 1001 may include a central processing unit (CPU), or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or may be configured to implement one or more integrated circuits of embodiments of the present disclosure. .
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • Memory 1002 may include bulk storage for data or instructions.
  • the memory 1002 may include a hard disk drive (HDD), a floppy disk drive, flash memory, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a magnetic tape, or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive or two or more A combination of many of the above.
  • Memory 1002 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media, where appropriate.
  • the memory 1002 may be internal or external to the integrated gateway disaster recovery device.
  • memory 1002 is non-volatile solid-state memory.
  • Memory may include read-only memory (Read Only Memory image, ROM), random access memory (Random-Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk storage media devices, optical storage media devices, flash memory devices, electrical, optical or other physical/tangible devices Memory storage device.
  • ROM Read Only Memory image
  • RAM random access memory
  • magnetic disk storage media devices magnetic disk storage media devices
  • optical storage media devices flash memory devices
  • electrical, optical or other physical/tangible devices Memory storage device generally, memory includes one or more tangible (non-transitory) computer-readable storage media (e.g., memory devices) encoded with software including computer-executable instructions, and when the software is executed (e.g., by one or multiple processors), it is operable to perform operations described in the thermal management system modeling method provided by the above embodiments.
  • the processor 1001 reads and executes the computer program instructions stored in the memory 1002 to implement any of the thermal management system modeling methods in the above embodiments.
  • the thermal management system modeling device may also include a communication interface 1003 and a bus 1010 .
  • the processor 1001, the memory 1002, and the communication interface 1003 are connected through the bus 1010 and complete communication with each other. letter.
  • the communication interface 1003 is mainly used to implement communication between modules, devices, units and/or devices in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Bus 1010 includes hardware, software, or both, coupling the components of the thermal management system modeling device to each other.
  • the bus may include Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, Front Side Bus (FSB), HyperTransport (HT) interconnect, Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Bus, Infinite Bandwidth Interconnect, Low Pin Count (LPC) Bus, Memory Bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) Bus, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Bus, PCI-Express (PCI-X) Bus, Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association Local (VLB) bus or other suitable bus or a combination of two or more of these.
  • bus 1010 may include one or more buses.
  • the thermal management system modeling device can execute the thermal management system modeling method in the embodiment of the present disclosure, thereby realizing the thermal management system modeling method described in FIG. 3 .
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure can provide a readable storage medium for implementation.
  • the readable storage medium stores program instructions; when the program instructions are executed by the processor, the thermal management system modeling method described in any of the above embodiments is implemented.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure can provide a vehicle for implementation.
  • the vehicle includes the thermal management system modeling device, thermal management system modeling equipment and computer-readable storage medium in the above embodiment.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer program product, including a computer program, which when executed by a processor is used to implement the above embodiments.
  • the thermal management system modeling method according to any embodiment.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer program, including computer program code.
  • the computer program code When the computer program code is run on a computer, the computer executes the above embodiments.
  • the functional blocks shown in the above structural block diagram can be implemented as hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof.
  • it may be, for example, an electronic circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), appropriate firmware, a plug-in, a function card, or the like.
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • elements of the disclosure are programs or code segments that are used to perform required tasks.
  • a program or code segment may be stored on a machine-readable medium or transmitted via a data signal carried in a carrier wave transmitted over the medium or communication link.
  • "Machine-readable medium” may include any medium capable of storing or transmitting information.
  • machine-readable media examples include electronic circuits, semiconductor memory devices, ROM, flash memory, erasable ROM (EROM), floppy disks, CD-ROMs, optical disks, hard disks, fiber optic media, radio frequency (RF) links, and the like.
  • Code segments may be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet, intranets, and the like.
  • Such a processor may be, but is not limited to, a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a special application processor, or a field-programmable logic circuit. It will also be understood that each block in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustrations, can also be implemented by special purpose hardware that performs the specified functions or actions, or can be implemented by special purpose hardware and A combination of computer instructions.

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Abstract

提供了一种热管理系统建模方法、装置及设备、可读存储介质、车辆、计算机程序产品和计算机程序。所述方法包括:获取所述热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及所述热管理系统中的多个支路回路;基于各所述支路回路中换热部件,和/或,至少两个所述支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定无法合并的温度节点;基于所述无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的所述温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型。

Description

热管理系统建模方法、装置、设备、介质和车辆
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年06月23日在中国提交的中国专利申请号202210715733.8的优先权,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开属于热管理技术领域,具体涉及一种热管理系统建模方法、装置及设备、可读存储介质、车辆、计算机程序产品和计算机程序。
背景技术
汽车热管理系统需根据行车工况和环境条件,自动调节冷却液强度以保持相应的部件在最佳的温度范围内工作,具体的是保持发动机在相应的最佳温度范围内工作。
由于冷却液流通在整个热管理系统中,冷却液的出口温度是基于热管理系统的结构来进行计算的,由于热管理系统的结构复杂,其具有多个流通节点,导致计算冷却液的出口温度的工作量大且速度慢。
发明内容
本公开实施例的目的是提供一种热管理系统建模方法、装置及设备、可读存储介质、车辆、计算机程序产品和计算机程序,以实现对热管理系统的简化,进而可简单快速计算出冷却液的出口温度。
本公开的技术方案如下:
第一方面,本公开实施例提供了一种热管理系统建模方法,该方法包括:
获取车辆的所述热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及所述热管理系统中的多个支路回路;
基于各所述支路回路中换热部件,和/或,至少两个所述支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定所述热管理系统中的无法合并的温度节点;
基于所述热管理系统中的所述无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的所述温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型。
第二方面,本公开实施例提供了一种热管理系统建模装置,该装置包括:
第一获取模块,用于获取车辆的所述热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及热管理系统中的多个支路回路;
第一确定模块,用于基于各所述支路回路中的换热部件,和/或,至少两个所述支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定所述热管理系统中的无法合并的温度节点;
第二确定模块,用于基于所述热管理系统中的所述无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的所述温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型。
第三方面,本公开实施例提供了一种热管理系统建模设备,该设备包括处理器、存储器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的程序或指令,所述程序或指令被所述处理器执行时实现本公开第一方面任一实施例所述的热管理系统建模方法的步骤。
第四方面,本公开实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质上存储程序或指令,所述程序或指令被处理器执行时实现本公开第一方面任一实施例所述的发动机冷却系统的热管理系统建模方法的步骤。
第五方面,本公开实施例提供了一种车辆,所述车辆包括以下至少一种:
如第一方面实施例所述的热管理系统建模装置;
如第二方面实施例所述的热管理系统建模设备;
如第三方面实施例所述的计算机可读存储介质。
第六方面,本公开实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序,所述计算机程序在被处理器执行时用于实现如本公开第一方面任一实施例所述的热管理系统建模方法。
第七方面,本公开实施例提供了一种计算机程序,包括计算机程序代码,当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时,以使得计算机执行如本公开第一方面任一实施例所述的热管理系统建模方法。
本公开的实施例提供的技术方案至少带来以下有益效果:
本公开实施例提供的热管理系统建模方法、装置、设备、介质和车辆,通过获取热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及热管理系统中的多个支路回路,可以基于各支路回路中换热部件,和/或,至少两个支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定热管理系统中满足预设条件的无法合并的温度节点,基于确定无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型,由于可按照预设合并策略不断将热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,故最终得到的目标模型中的温度节点的数量小于最开始时热管理系统中的温度节点的数量,简化了热管理系统的结构,如此在计算热管理系统中的出水温度时,无需计算很多的温度节点的温度,提升了出水温度的计算效率,节省了计算算力。
应当理解的是,以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性和解释性的,并不能限制本公开。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分,示出了符合本公开的实施例,并与说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理,并不构成对本公开的不当限定。
图1是本公开第一方面实施例涉及的热管理系统的整体模型示意图之一;
图2是本公开第一方面实施例涉及的热管理系统的整体模型示意图之二;
图3是本公开第一方面实施例提供的一种热管理系统建模方法的流程示意图;
图4是本公开第一方面实施例涉及的第一模型的示意图;
图5是本公开第一方面实施例涉及的第二模型示意图;
图6是本公开第一方面实施例涉及的目标模型的示意图;
图7是本公开第一方面实施例涉及的发动机的双层平板模型示意图;
图8是本公开第一方面实施例涉及的流量积分的温度延迟模型的示意图
图9是本公开第二方面实施例提供的一种热管理系统建模装置的结构示意图;
图10是本公开第三方面实施例提供的一种热管理系统建模设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本公开的上述目的、特征和优点,下面将对本公开的方案进行进一步描述。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本公开的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本公开,但本公开还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的方式来实施;显然,说明书中的实施例只是本公开的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
在相关技术中,如图1为汽车热管理系统的整体模型,在图1中各换热部件(例如图1中的电池、风扇换热器和发动机等)之间的连接线可以是了冷却液的流动方向。在冷却液的入口和出口之间具有很多流通节点,在计算冷却液的出口温度时是基于热管理系统的机构来进行计算的,但是该热管理系统的结构复杂,其里面具有多个流通节点,如图2中的电池两端的流通节点(T6.2和T6.1)、风扇换热器两端的流通节点(T6.3和T6.4)和发动机两端的流通节点(T1.1和T1.2)等。如此在计算冷却液的出口温度时,需要根据冷却液的入口温度,根据冷却液的流动方向先计算各流量节点的温度,然后再计算出口温度。例如,如图2所示,先计算出发动机两端的温度,然后根据冷却液的流动方向,计算出T3温度节点的温度,然后计算出T2.1温度节点的温度和T2.3温度节点的温度,然后根据T2.1温度节点的温度,计算出T2.2温度节点的温度,以此类推,直至计算出冷却液的出口温度。如此导致计算量大,且计算速度慢的问题。
为了解决上述问题,本公开实施例提供了一种热管理系统建模方法、装置及设备、可读存储介质、车辆、计算机程序产品和计算机程序,通过获取热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及热管理系统中的多个支路回路,可以基于各支路回路中换热部件,和/或,至少两个支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定热管理系统中满足预设条件的无法合并的温度节点,基于确定无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型,由于可按照预设合并策略不断将热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,故最终得到的目标模型中的温度节点的数量小于最开始时热管理系统中的温度节点的数量,简化了热管理系统的结构,如此在计算热管理系统中的出水温度时,无需计算很多的温度节点的温度,提升了出水温度的计算效率,节省了计算算力。
下面结合附图,通过具体的实施例及其应用场景对本公开实施例提供的热管理系统建 模方法进行详细地说明。
需要说明的是,本公开实施例提供的热管理建模方法是通过要检测图1中的发动机处冷却液的出口温度,以及电池处冷却液的出口温度为基准的。
图3是本公开实施例所提供的一种热管理系统建模方法的流程示意图,该热管理系统建模方法的执行主体可以为服务器,需要说明的是,上述执行主体并不构成对本公开的限定。
如图3所示,本公开实施例提供的热管理系统建模方法可以包括步骤310至步骤330。
步骤310,获取车辆的热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及热管理系统中的多个支路回路。
步骤320,基于各支路回路中换热部件,和/或,至少两个支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定热管理系统中满足预设条件的无法合并的温度节点。
步骤330,基于热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型。
在本公开的实施例中,获取热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及热管理系统中的多个支路回路,可以基于各支路回路中换热部件,和/或,至少两个支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定热管理系统中满足预设条件的无法合并的温度节点,基于确定无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型,由于可按照预设合并策略不断将热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,故最终得到的目标模型中的温度节点的数量小于最开始时热管理系统中的温度节点的数量,简化了热管理系统的结构,如此在计算热管理系统中的出水温度时,无需计算很多的温度节点的温度,提升了出水温度的计算效率,节省了计算算力。
下面详细介绍本公开实施例提供的热管理系统建模方法。
步骤310,获取车辆的热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及热管理系统中的多个支路回路。
其中,温度节点可以是热管理系统中计算冷却液出口温度时,中间计算的各节点。例如可以是图1中的电池两端的流通节点、风扇换热器两端的流通节点和发动机两端的流通节点等。
支路回路可以是热管理系统中随着冷却液的流通所形成的流通回路。例如可以是图1中的电池-风扇换热器-电池可形成一个回路,电池-换热器-电池可形成另一回路,换热器-制冷制热暖风系统-三通阀-换热器可形成一个回路。
步骤320,基于各支路回路中换热部件,和/或,至少两个支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点。
在本公开的一些实施例中,可以根据各支路回路中换热部件确定热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点,具体的可以是若一个支路回路中具有换热部件,则确定该支路回路中换热部件两端的温度节点无法合并。
在一个示例中,如图2所示,针对电池-风扇换热器-电池这一支路回路,针对T6.1温 度节点和T6.2温度节点,其间具有电池这一换热部件,则T6.1温度节点和T6.2温度节点不可合并。对应的针对T6.3温度节点和T6.4温度节点,其间具有风扇换热器这一个换热部件,故T6.3温度节点和T6.4温度节点也不可合并。
在本公开的一些实施例中,还可以根据至少两个支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点,具体的可以是若至少两个支路回路中的冷却液混和在一起,则确定至少两个支路回路的温度节点无法合并。
在一个示例中,如图2所示,针对图2中水泵和风扇换热器之间的混水点,该混水点是电池-风扇换热器-电池这一支路回路,以及风扇换热器-换热器-风扇换热器这一支路回路的混水点,则T6.5温度节点和T6.8温度节点不可以合并。
步骤330,基于热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型。
其中,预设合并策略可以是预先设置的对热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点进行合并的粗略。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了进一步提升计算冷却液的出口温度的效率,步骤330具体可以包括步骤3301至步骤3304。
步骤3301,基于热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点,构建与各支路回路中的换热部件对应的延迟体积。
在本公开的一些实施例中,根据热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点,可构建出与各支路回路中的换热部件对应的延迟体积。
在一些实施例中,为了精确构建与各支路回路中的换热部件对应的延迟体积,步骤3301具体可以包括:
根据开环模型,确定与热管理系统中各支路回路一一对应的N个初始体积;
关闭开环模型,并利用关闭后的开环模型,对N个初始体积进行矫正,得到与热管理系统中各支路回路一一对应的N个延迟体积。
其中,开环模型的输入可以为热管理系统在第k时刻的控制参数值(这里的控制参数值可以是控制热管理系统运行的控制参数的值,具体的控制参数值在下面实施例中再详细介绍),输出可以为热管理系统在第k时刻的温度。
具体实现时,可以基于开环模型预测得到的某个时刻的温度,与该时刻的实际温度进行比较,确定与各支路回路一一对应的N个初始体积。
之后,可以将开环模型转换为闭环模型,闭环模型为预测未来时刻的温度的模型。然后利用闭环模型对各支路回路对应的初始体积进行矫正,得到各支路回路对应的延迟体积。具体的校正方式可以是将通过闭环模型预测出的某一支路回路的温度,与该支路回路的真实温度进行比对,基于比对结果,对该初始提交进行校正。
通过上述方式,可以提高各支路回路对应的延迟体积确定的可靠性。
在本公开的一些实施例中,延迟体积的意义在于模拟两个温度节点之间的延迟。
在本公开的实施例中,通过根据开环模型,确定与热管理系统中各支路回路一一对应 的N个初始体积;关闭开环模型,并利用关闭后的开环模型,对N个初始体积进行矫正,得到与热管理系统中各支路回路一一对应的N个延迟体积,如此可得到精确的与各支路回路一一对应的N个延迟体积,提高了各支路回路对应的延迟体积确定的可靠性。
步骤3302,基于各支路回路中的换热部件对应的延迟体积,对热管理系统中各支路回路中的换热部件进行简化,得到热管理系统对应的第一模型。
其中,第一模型可以是基于各支路回路中的换热部件对应的延迟体积,对热管理系统中各支路回路中的换热部件进行简化后所得到的热管理系统的简化模型。
在一个示例中,可以根据上述构建的各支路回路中的换热部件对应的延迟体积,对热管理系统中各支路回路中的换热部件进行简化,得到图4所示的热管理系统对应的第一模型(需要说明的是,在图2中,制冷制热暖风系统是不工作的,如此才可将制冷制热暖风系统和换热器合并在一起,得到图4中的虚拟体积V5)。
在图4中,虚拟体积V1为T2.1-T2.3,途径T2.2,包括风扇换热器。虚拟体积V2为T4.1-T4.6,途径T4.2-T4.5,包括制冷制热系统。虚拟体积V3为T4.6-T4.9/T4.10,途径T4.7和T4.8,包括换热器和三通阀。虚拟体积V4为T4.9-T6.3/T6.6,途径T6.1和T6.2,包括电池。虚拟体积V5为T6.3-T6.5,途径T6.4,包括电池和风扇换热器。虚拟体积V6为T6.6-T6.8,途径T6.7,包括换热器。
下图中的图5和图6中的虚拟体积V1-虚拟体积V6均与图4中一致,下面介绍时不再赘述。
步骤3303,合并第一模型中不同支路回路中温度相同的温度节点,得到热管理系统对应的第二模型。
其中,第二模型可以是将第一模型中不同支路回路中温度相同的温度节点进行合并后得到的热管理系统的简化模型。
在一个示例中,参考图4,温度节点T1.2、T2.1和T3.2属于不同的支路回路,但其温度是相同的,未经过热传导,故可以将图5中的温度节点T1.2、T2.1和T3.2进行合并。此外,图4中的温度节点T6.6和T6.3属于不同的支路回路,但其温度是相同的,未经过热传导,故可以将图4中的温度节点T6.6和T6.3进行合并。图4中的温度节点T1.1和T5属于不同的支路回路,但其温度是相同的,未经过热传导,故可以将图4中的温度节点T6.6和T6.3进行合并。如此可得到图5所示的第二模型。
步骤3304,将第二模型中无热源传导的相邻两个混水点合并为一个混水点,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型。
其中,目标模型可以是将第二模型中无热源传导的相邻两个混水点合并为一个混水点后最终得到的热管理系统的简化模型。
在一个示例中,如图5所示,混水点1和混水点2是相邻两个混水点,且这两个混水点之间无热源传导,且要计算的发动机的出口温度节点和电池的出口温度节点均不在混水点1和混水点2之间,故可将混水点1和混水点2合并为一个混水点,即得到图6所示的目标模型。
如此经过上述简化后,热管理系统中共有6个虚拟体积,热管理系统中要处理的温度节点由原来的28个降低到了13个,如此计算简单,提升了计算效率,节省了计算算力。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了精确计算出口温度,在步骤3304之后,上述所涉及的热管理系统建模方法还可以包括:
基于目标模型中各支路回路之间的流量关系,构建第一目标支路回路的局部流量模型;
基于第一目标支路回路的局部流量模型,计算第一目标支路回路对应的流量;
基于第一目标支路回路对应的流量,以及第一目标支路回路的延迟体积对应的温度延迟模型,确定第一目标支路回路的温度。
其中,第一目标支路回路可以为各支路回路中的至少一个支路回路。
在本公开的实施例中,可以根据第一目标模型中各支路回路之间的流量关系,构建出第一目标支路回路的局部流量模型的,然后根据该局部流量模型,可计算出第一目标支路回路对应的流量,根据该第一目标支路回路对应的流量,以及第一目标支路回路的延迟体积对应的温度延迟模型,可精确确定第一目标支路回路的温度。
在本公开的一些实施例中,所述基于目标模型中各支路回路之间的流量关系,构建第一目标支路回路的局部流量模型,具体可以包括:
基于目标模型中支路回路的数量,以及第一目标模型中各支路回路之间的流量关系式,确定第一目标支路回路;
基于第一目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型,构建与第一目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型对应的局部流量模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,在图6所示的目标模型中具有8个支路回路(即图6中的Q1-Q8),根据图6中各支路回路之间的流量关系(同一温度节点或者同一闭环支路回路的流入流量等于流出流量),可得到如下公式(1)-公式(2)所示的各支路回路之间的流量关系式:
Q1=Q2+Q3+Q6                            (1)
Q3=Q5
Q6=Q7+Q8
由于Q6和Q2的流量取决于节流阀开度,故有如下公式(2)所示的关系:
Q2=f(节流阀阀门开度,Q1-Q3)           (2)
如此在该目标模型中共具有8个流量,4个方程,故在构建局部流量模型时仅需要构建4个支路回路的局部流量模型即可。例如可以是构建支路回路Q1、Q2、Q6和Q7的局部流量模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,因为不同的换热部件类型具有不同的局部流量构建方法,故在构建第一目标支路回路的局部流量模型时,需要根据第一目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型,构建与第一目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型对应的局部流量模型。
在本公开的实施例中,可以基于第一目标模型中支路回路的数量,以及第一目标模型中各支路回路之间的流量关系式,确定第一目标支路回路;然后基于第一目标支路回路中 的换热部件的类型,构建与第一目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型对应的局部流量模型,如此精确构建出第一目标支路回路对应的局部流量模型,进而得到精确的第一目标支路回路的出口温度。
在本公开的一些实施例中,在第一目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型为发动机类型的情况下,所述构建与第一目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型对应的局部流量模型,具体可以包括:
对发动机的历史工况参数,以及历史工况参数与燃烧气体之间的换热系数进行拟合,得到发动机的工况参数与燃烧气体之间的换热系数的第一对应关系式;
对目标支路回路中冷却液的质量流量,以及冷却液的质量流量与发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数进行拟合,得到冷却液的质量流量与发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数的第二对应关系式;
基于发动机对应的双层平板模型,根据发动机内的冷却液和燃烧气体之间的稳态换热守恒公式,对第一对应关系式和第二对应关系式进行拟合,得到燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系。
其中,历史工况参数可以是在本次预测发动机冷却系统的温度之前,发动机的工况参数。
第一对应关系式可以是发动机的工况参数与燃烧气体之间的换热系数之间的关系式。
第二对应关系式可以是冷却液的质量流量与发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数之间的关系式。
燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系可以为构建的与目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型对应的局部流量模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,可以将发动机换热模型进行简化,具体的可以是将发动机换热模型简化为双层平板换热模型(如图7所示)。在图7中,发动机700内侧为燃烧气体(图中未示出),内缸壁710和外缸壁720之间的为冷却液(图中未示出)。燃烧气体燃烧后,热量通过对流换热流入内缸壁710,加热内缸壁,内缸壁则加热冷却液,冷却液获的能量后温度升高,加热外缸壁720,与此同时外缸壁和外界环境发生自燃对流换热。
在本公开的后续实施例中,可以假设缸盖与内缸壁是一体的,其与外缸壁之间没有热传导,缸壁可以为均匀加热的,不考虑内部温差。
在本公开的一些实施例中,可以对发动机的历史工况参数,以及历史工况参数与燃烧气体之间的换热系数进行拟合,可得到如公式(3)所示的发动机的工况参数与燃烧气体之间的换热系数的第一对应关系式:
α1=(a1*n2-b1*T2-c1*n*T+d1*n+f1*T+h1)      (3)
其中,公式(3)中,α1为发动机的工况参数与燃烧气体之间的换热系数;n为发动机的转速,T为发动机的扭矩;a1、b1、c1、d1、f1和h1均为常数量,其基于发动机的型号确定。
在本公开的一些实施例中,上述公式(3)中的各常数量可以是:a1=-6.048e-07, b1=0.00028,c1=0.000143,d1=0.0497,f1=0.00868,h1=35.6212。
在本公开的一些实施例中,可以对冷却液的质量流量,以及冷却液的质量流量与发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数进行拟合,得到如公式(4)所示的冷却液的质量流量与发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数的第二对应关系式
其中,公式(4)中,α2为冷却液的质量流量与发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数;为发动机冷却液质量流量,a2、b2和c2均为常数量,其基于发动机的型号确定。
在本公开的一些实施例中,上述公式(3)中的各常数量可以是:a2=-2561.3,b2=186.6,c2=971.9。
在本公开的一些实施例中,在得到第一对应关系式和第二对应关系式后,可基于发动机对应的双层平板模型,根据发动机内的冷却液和燃烧气体之间的稳态换热守恒公式,对第一对应关系式和第二对应关系式进行拟合,得到燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系。
在本公开的实施例中,通过计算出发动机冷却系统之间的换热系数,可基于该换热系数计算燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系,无需其他的多余计算,提升了燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系的计算效率,进而提升了目标支路回路的出口温度的确定效率。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了进一步提升发动机冷却系统温度预测的精确性和效率,所述基于发动机对应的双层平板模型,根据发动机内的冷却液和燃烧气体之间的稳态换热守恒公式,对第一对应关系式和第二对应关系式进行拟合,得到燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系,具体可以包括:
基于内缸壁分别与燃烧气体和冷却液的换热面积,以及内缸壁的导热面积,对第一对应关系式和第二对应关系式进行拟合,得到发动机内热量传导热阻关系式;
基于热量传导热阻关系式,以及发动机对应的双层平板模型,根据发动机内的冷却液和燃烧气体之间的稳态换热守恒公式,对发动机内的内缸壁的入口到出口处的长度进行积分,得到燃烧气体、冷却液的入口温度和冷却液的出口温度之间的第三关系式;
将第三关系式与发动机的工况参数进行二次函数拟合,得到燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系。
其中,第三关系式可以是燃烧气体、冷却液的入口温度和冷却液的出口温度之间的对应关系式。
在本公开的一些实施例中,在稳态过程中,发动机外缸壁的温度和冷却液温度十分接近,因此可以认为冷却液和外缸壁的换热量较小,对冷却液的温度变化影响不大。在考虑冷却液温度变化时主要考虑冷却液和内缸壁之间的换热,由内缸壁分别与燃烧气体和冷却液的换热面积,以及内缸壁的导热面积,对第一对应关系式和第二对应关系式进行拟合,根据稳态换热串联换热公式,可获得如下公式(5)所示的发动机内热量传导热阻关系式:
其中,公式(5)中,Tgas为燃烧气体温度;Tw为冷却液的温度,A1为燃烧气体与内缸壁的换热面积;A2为内缸壁的导热面积;A3为内缸壁与和冷却液的换热面积;λ1为内缸壁的导热系数(是一个常数量,其与内缸壁的材质有关);α1为发动机的工况参数与燃烧气体之间的换热系数;α2为冷却液的质量流量与发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了简便计算,可使A1=A2=A3,则可得到公式(6):
Q=α*A*(Tgas-Tw)         (6)
其中,公式(5)中,A1=A2=A3=A;Tgas为燃烧气体温度;Tw为冷却液的温度。
然后根据稳态换热能量守恒公式(7)和(8),将公式(7)和(8)联立,并对发动机内的内缸壁的入口到出口处的长度进行积分,得到燃烧气体、冷却液的入口温度和冷却液的出口温度之间的第三关系式(即公式(9)):
其中,公式(7)中,Cp为冷却液定压比热;为发动机冷却液质量流量;dTw为冷却液的入口温度和出口温度的差值。
Q=α*dA*(Tgas-Tw)=α*Lc*dx*(Tgas-Tw)     (8)
其中,公式(8)中,Lc为换热部件(内缸壁、冷却液、燃烧气体和外缸壁)的特征长度,表示每单位长度对应的换热面积,x为换热部件的长度;Tgas为燃烧气体温度;Tw为冷却液的温度。
其中,公式(9)中,Tgas为燃烧气体温度;Twout为冷却液的出水温度,Tw,in为冷却液的入水温度;m为水的质量;A1=A2=A3=A;Cp为冷却液定压比热。
为了简便计算,可以令如此,对公式(9)进行变形,可得到公式(10):
Tgas=(Twout-N*Tw,in)/(1-N)      (10)
其中,公式(10)中,Tgas为燃烧气体温度;Tw,out为冷却液的出水温度,Tw,in为冷却液的入水温度。
如此可得到实验的稳态实验数据可以计算每一个工况对应的Tgas,这样就获得了发动机转速和扭矩,与燃烧气体温度的对应关系。
需要说明,发动机内气体的燃烧温度是随着冲程而变化的,但是由于气缸的热惯性,缸内壁温度变化不大,因此可以假设地认为燃烧是以一个四个冲程内的平均温度作用于发动机内缸壁。在得到公式(10)后,可将公式(10)与发动机的工况参数进行二次函数拟合,得到公式(11)所示的燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系:
Tgas=a*n2-b*T2-c*n*T+d*n+f*T+h      (11)
其中,公式(11)中,Tgas为虚拟燃烧温度;n为发动机的转速,T为发动机的扭矩;a、b、c、d、f和h均为常数量,其基于发动机的型号确定。
在本公开的一些实施例中,上述公式(11)中的各常数量可以是:a=-9.04e-08,b=0.000844,c=7.737e-0.5,d=0.0178,f=0.552,h=91.043。
在本公开的一些实施例中,在稳态条件下,发动机已经到达稳定的较高温度,因此燃烧初始的进气温度高于冷启动的进气温度,为了更好的拟合冷启动进气温度,用入水温度表示不同的冷启动阶段对该现象进行修正,对上述公式(11)进行修正后,得到公式(12):
其中,公式(12)中,Tw,in是冷启动的进气温度;Tw,in,measure为燃烧初始的进气温度。
需要说明的是,修正公式(即公式(12))中的温度均为开尔文温度。
在本公开的实施例中,通过根据内缸壁分别与燃烧气体和冷却液的换热面积,以及内缸壁的导热面积,对第一对应关系式和第二对应关系式进行拟合,得到发动机内热量传导热阻关系式;然后基于热量传导热阻关系式,根据发动机内的冷却液和燃烧气体之间的稳态换热守恒公式,得到燃烧气体、冷却液的入口温度和冷却液的出口温度之间的第三关系式,将第三关系式与发动机的工况参数进行二次函数拟合,可得到燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系,如此在得到燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系的过程中,仅参考了内缸壁分别与燃烧气体和冷却液的换热面积,以及内缸壁的导热面积,无需参考其他的不精确的参数,进而可得到精确的燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系,进而提升了发动机冷却系统温度预测的精确性,此外在计算的过程中,无需计算换热件中间的温度,仅计算换热件的入口处温度和出口处温度即可,如此提升了燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系的计算效率,进而提升了目标支路回路的出口温度的确定效率。
在本公开的一些实施例中,在第一目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型为非发动机类型的情况下,所述构建与第一目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型对应的局部流量模型,具体可以包括:
基于获取的热管理系统的第一流量数据,搭建热管理系统对应的物理模型;
基于第一流量数据,对物理模型的模型参数进行修正,得到热管理系统对应的目标物理模型;
基于目标物理模型,计算热管理系统中第一目标支路回路的换热部件处冷却液的第二流量数据;
根据第二流量数据及其对应的控制热管理系统运行的目标特征参数,构建训练样本;
基于训练样本对预设模型进行训练,得到用于确定冷却液在第一目标支路回路的换热部件处的局部流量模型。
其中,第一流量数据可以是在实验的过程中,获取的热管理系统的关键的流量数据, 具体的可以是热管理系统的整体流量数据,也可以是图1中的热管理系统中的某一关键的换热部件(例如可以是电池或者发动机等)的局部流量数据。
在本公开的一些实施例中,通过获取的热管理系统的第一流量数据,可搭建出热管理系统对应的整体的物理模型,即图1中的物理模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,如何构建热管理系统对应的整体的物理模型属于相关技术,在此不再赘述。
物理模型的模型参数可以是构建物理模型时所用到的冷却液的水泵压升、换热环境的压降和冷却液的沿程管壁的损耗等。
预设模型可以是预先设置的模型,对该预设模型进行训练后,可得到用于确定冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量模型。该预设模型可以是神经网络模型,还可以是其他可用于预测目标换热部件处的局部流量的模型,这里不做限定。
目标换热部件可以是要预测局部流量的换热部件,例如可以是上述图1中电池、水泵等。
目标物理模型可以是对物理模型的模型参数进行修正,得到热管理系统对应的物理模型。
由于知道热管理系统的物理模型在某一对应的流量数据的情况下,其模型参数是怎样的,故可根据第一流量数据,对物理模型的模型参数进行修正,得到热管理系统对应的目标物理模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,对物理模型的模型参数进行修正可以是工程师手动修正,也可以是通过其他方式进行自动修正,在此不做限定。
其中,目标换热部件可以是要计算的此处的冷却液的流量的换热部件。具体的可以是图1中电池、发动机或换热器等。
第二流量数据可以是基于目标物理模型计算出的目标换热部件处冷却液的流量数据。
在本公开的一些实施例中,由于在实验过程中,有些换热部件处的冷却液的流量无法测量得到,但该换热部件的处的冷却液的流量是很重要的。且热管理系统的整体的物理模型(目标物理模型)可以简单计算出该换热部件的处的冷却液的流量,故可以根据目标物理模型计算出热管理系统中目标换热部件处冷却液的流量数据(第二流量数据)。例如可以是根据图1中的电池处冷却液的流量,计算出发动机处冷却液的流量。
其中,目标特征参数可以是控制热管理系统运行的特征参数。还可以是对控制热管理系统运行的特征参数进行预设的处理后所得到的特征参数。
在本公开的实施例中,通过基于获取的热管理系统的第一流量数据,搭建热管理系统对应的物理模型;基于第一流量数据,对物理模型的模型参数进行修正,得到热管理系统对应的目标物理模型;然后基于目标物理模型,计算热管理系统中目标换热部件处冷却液的第二流量数据;根据第二流量数据及其对应的控制热管理系统运行的目标特征参数,构建训练样本;基于训练样本对预设模型进行训练,得到用于确定冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量模型,如此可得到精确计算冷却液的局部流量的局部流量模型,进而可构建的 该局部流量模型得到冷却液在目标部件处的局部流量,如此计算简单快速,且得到的冷却液在目标部件处的局部流量精确,提升了冷却液在目标部件处的局部流量的精确性和高效性。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了进一步精确构建用于确定冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量模型,在所述根据第二流量数据及其对应的控制热管理系统运行的目标特征参数,构建训练样本之前,上述所涉及的热管理系统建模方法还可以包括:
获取控制热管理系统运行的第一特征参数;
根据第一特征参数与第一流量数据之间的对应关系,确定与第一流量数据关联的至少一个关联特征参数;
根据各关联特征参数,确定目标特征参数。
其中,第一特征参数可以是控制热管理系统运行的直接特征参数,例如可以是水泵转速、温度、阀门开度、发动机转速和发动机扭矩等。
关联特征参数可以是根据与第一流量数据的对应关系,对第一特征参数进行扩展后得到的特征参数。
在一个示例中,第一特征参数有水泵转速、温度、阀门开度、发动机转速和发动机扭矩,对上述第一特征参数分别进行扩展,可得到水泵转速的关联特征参数:转速的平方和转速的3次方。对温度进行扩展,可得到温度的关联特征参数:温度的平方、温度的3次方和温度的4次方。对阀门开度进行扩展,可得到阀门开度的关联特征参数:阀门开度的平方和阀门开度的3次方。对发动机转速和发动机扭矩进行扩展,可得到发动机转速和发动机扭矩的关联特征参数:发动机转速和发动机扭矩的乘积,以及发动机转速和发动机扭矩的乘积的积分等。
目标特征参数可以是基于各关联特征参数的特征参数,例如可以是对各关联特征参数进行预设处理,得到的特征参数。
其中,预设模型可以是预先设置的模型,对该预设模型进行训练后,可得到用于确定冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量模型。
在本公开的实施例中,通过获取控制热管理系统运行的第一特征参数;然后根据第一特征参数与第一流量数据之间的对应关系,确定与第一流量数据关联的至少一个关联特征参数;根据各关联特征参数,确定目标特征参数,如此可精确确定目标特征参数,进而精确构建出用于确定冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了精确得到目标特征参数,所述根据各关联特征参数,确定目标特征参数,可以包括:
步骤A、将各关联特征参数分别依次输入到特征筛选模型中,分别得到与各关联特征参数对应的预测流量值;
步骤B、针对每个关联特征参数,计算关联特征参数对应的预测流量值与热管理系统中冷却液的低流量值的均方误差;
步骤C、将最小的均方误差对应的关联特征参数,作为第一候选特征参数;
步骤D、将特征筛选模型的输出更新为热管理系统中冷却液的高流量值,返回执行步骤A至C,得到第二候选特征参数;
步骤E、将第一候选特征参数和第二候选特征参数,作为目标特征参数。
其中,特征筛选模型可以是通过学习各关联特征参数和热管理系统中冷却液的流量值的关系得到。
在本公开的一些实施例中,特征筛选模型可以是基于联合概率分布的广义回归神经网络(generalized regression neural network,GRNN)。该模型的输入量可以是各关联特征参数,输出量可以是热管理系统中冷却液的流量值。
预测流量值可以是将各关联特征参数分别依次输入到特征筛选模型中后,特征筛选模型基于各关联特征参数,预测出的与各关联特征参数对应的流量值。
低流量值可以是流量值小于或等于第一预设流量阈值的流量值。该低流量值可以是在冷却液的流量范围内的一个较低的流量值。
这里的第一预设流量阈值可以是预先设置的低流量值的阈值例如冷却液的流量范围为500-1000之间,则低流量值可以是500-700之间。
第一候选特征参数可以是计算出的关联特征参数对应的预测流量值与热管理系统中冷却液的低流量值的均方误差中最小的均方误差对应的关联特征参数。
高流量值可以是流量值大于或等于第二预设流量阈值的流量值。该高流量值可以是在冷却液的流量范围内的一个较高的流量值。
这里的第二预设流量阈值可以是预先设置的高流量值的阈值,例如冷却液的流量范围为500-1000之间,则高流量值可以是700-1000之间。
第二候选特征参数可以是计算出的各关联特征参数对应的预测流量值与热管理系统中冷却液的高流量值的均方误差中最小的均方误差对应的关联特征参数。
在一个示例中,若关联特征参数有发动机转速和扭矩的乘积,以及水泵转速的平方和水泵转速的3次方。则遍历所有的关联特征参数,即将发动机转速和扭矩的乘积,以及水泵转速的平方和水泵转速的3次方分别输入到特征筛选模型中,分别得到与发动机转速和扭矩的乘积,以及水泵转速的平方和水泵转速的3次方对应的预测流量值,若与发动机转速和扭矩的乘积对应的预测流量值为550,与水泵转速的平方对应的预测流量值为900,与水泵转速的3次方对应的预测流量值为950。若特征筛选模型此时的因变量为600(即该特征筛选模型的输出的流量标准),则分别计算550、900和950与600的均方误差,通过比较,可得到550与600的均方误差最小,则可将550对应的关联特征参数(发动机转速和扭矩的乘积)作为第一候选特征参数。
继续上述示例,将特征筛选模型此时的输出替换为高流量值,例如可以是850。然后继续将发动机转速和扭矩的乘积,以及水泵转速的平方和水泵转速的3次方分别输入到特征筛选模型中,分别得到与发动机转速和扭矩的乘积,以及水泵转速的平方和水泵转速的3次方对应的预测流量值,若与发动机转速和扭矩的乘积对应的预测流量值为550,与水泵转速的平方对应的预测流量值为900,与水泵转速的3次方对应的预测流量值为950。则分别 计算550、900和950与850的均方误差,通过比较,可得到900与850的均方误差最小,则可将900对应的关联特征参数(水泵转速的平方)作为第二候选特征参数。
然后将第一候选特征参数和第二候选特征参数作为目标特征参数,即将发动机转速和扭矩的乘积,以及水泵转速的平方作为最终的目标特征参数。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了避免构建冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量模型的目标特征参数的冗余,可以在得到第一候选特征参数和第二候选特征参数后,将第一候选特征参数和第二候选特征参数按照其与热管理系统中冷却液的流量值的均方误差,由低到高进行排序,然后获取排序靠前的前N个特征参数作为最终的目标特征参数。如此即可保证精度,还可避免特征冗余。
在本公开的实施例中,通过将各关联特征参数利用特征筛选模型进行筛选,选取出可用于构建冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量模型的目标特征参数,如此可得到精确的冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了得到精确的局部流量模型,所述基于训练样本对预设模型进行训练,得到用于确定冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量模型具体可以包括:
基于训练样本对预设模型进行训练,得到至少一个用于确定冷却液在目标换热部件处的初始局部流量模型;
获取各初始局部流量模型在计算冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量时的精确度;
基于精确度,从各初始局部流量模型中选取出精确度最高的初始局部流量模型,作为用于确定目标换热部件处冷却液局部流量的局部流量模型。
其中,初始局部流量模型可以是利用训练样本对预设模型进行训练后,所得到的模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,可以是将获取的第二流量数据及其对应的控制热管理系统运行的目标特征参数随机划分为训练集和测试集(具体的可以是按照85%和15%的比例进行划分),然后利用训练样本对预设模型进行训练,得到至少一个用于确定冷却液在目标换热部件处的初始局部流量模型,然后利用k检验计算各初始局部流量模型预测出的冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量的精确度,根据该精确度,从各初始局部流量模型中选取出精确度最高的初始局部流量模型,然后利用测试集对选取出的精确度最高的初始局部流量模型进行测试验证,得到验证结果(即该精确度最高的初始局部流量模型是否可以精确预测出目标换热部件处的局部流量),若该验证结果良好,则可将该精确度最高的初始局部流量模型作为用于确定目标换热部件处冷却液局部流量的局部训练模型,如此可得到最为精确的局部流量模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,还可以是将得到的至少一个用于确定冷却液在目标换热部件处的初始局部流量模型,分别利用测试集进行测试验证,然后得到各初始局部流量模型的测试结果,然后利用k检验计算各初始局部流量模型预测出的冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量的精确度和测试精度,基于该精确度和测试精度来选取出用于确定目标换热部件处冷却液局部流量的局部训练模型,具体的可以是综合精确度和测试精度来选取用于确定目标换热部件处冷却液局部流量的局部训练模型。
在本公开的实施例中,通过利用训练样本对预设模型进行训练,得到至少一个用于确定冷却液在目标换热部件处的初始局部流量模型,然后计算各初始局部流量模型预测出的冷却液在目标换热部件处的局部流量的精确度,根据该精确度,从各初始局部流量模型中选取出精确度最高的初始局部流量模型,作为用于确定目标换热部件处冷却液局部流量的局部训练模型,如此可得到最为精确的局部流量模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,所述基于第一目标支路回路对应的流量,以及第一目标支路回路的延迟体积对应的温度延迟模型,确定第一目标支路回路的温度,具体可以包括:
基于热管理系统在第一时刻的第一温度,第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值和第一目标支路回路对应的延迟体积,更新第一目标支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型;
根据第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值,及第一目标支路回路对应的延迟体积,确定第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的延迟流量值;
将更新后的第一目标支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型中,第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的延迟流量值对应的温度,确定为第一目标支路回路在第二时刻的温度;
其中,第一时刻可以是要计算热管理系统的出口温度的初始时刻。也可以是初始时刻之后,目标时刻之前的任意时刻。
初始时刻可以是开始要预测热管理系统的出口温度的时刻。
第一温度可以是热管理系统的出口温度在初始时刻的温度。
目标时刻可以是要预测热管理系统的出口在哪个时刻的温度。
第二时刻可以位于第一时刻之后,且第二时刻与第一时刻可以间隔一个单位时间步长。
在本实施例中,可以为各支路回路分别设置一个流量积分的温度延迟模型,各支路回路在某个时刻的出口处的输出温度,可以基于其对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型确定。
某一支路回路(例如可以是第一目标支路回路)的流量积分的温度延迟模型的输入为:该支路回路在某时刻的延迟流量值,输出为:该支路回路的出口处在该时刻的温度。
某一支路回路在某时刻的延迟流量值,可以基于该支路回路从初始时刻到该时刻的累计流量值,即该支路回路在该时刻的累计流量值,以及该支路回路的延迟体积确定。在一些具体实施例中,假设该支路回路从初始时刻到该时刻的累计流量值为该支路回路的延迟体积为Vi,那么,该支路回路在该时刻的延迟流量值为:
该支路回路在某时刻的累计流量值,可以为该时刻的流量值和历史流量值的和。某时刻的历史流量值为初始时刻至该时刻的上一时刻的流量值之和。
某时刻的流量值可以基于该时刻的控制参数值确定。具体实现时,可以基于上述的局部流量模型得到。
流量积分的温度延迟模型,可以理解为基于查表的模型,为方便理解,请参见图8。如图8所示,在确定某时刻的温度时,可以先确定该时刻的累计流量值;之后,基于延迟体积,确定该时刻的延迟流量值;之后,将该延迟流量值对应的温度,确定为该时刻的温度。
另外,流量积分的温度延迟模型在迭代计算过程中实时更新每执行一次迭代运算,更新一次流量积分的温度延迟模型。具体实现时,在一次迭代运算中,第i个支路回路的温 度,会影响第i+1个支路回路的流量积分的温度延迟模型的更新,从而可以提高预测的可靠性。
由前述内容可知,所述热管理系统在第二时刻的第二温度可以理解为:第N个支路回路的输出温度。因此,在本实施例中,在更新各支路回路分别对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型之后,可以通过计算第P个支路回路在所述第一时刻的累计流量值,考虑热传导延迟的影响,基于第P个支路回路的累计流量值和虚拟体积,确定第P个支路回路在所述第一时刻的延迟流量值,之后,将其输入第P个支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型,得到第P个支路回路的输出温度,即所述热管理系统在第二时刻的第二温度。
在本公开的实施例中,通过基于热管理系统在第一时刻的第一温度,第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值和第一目标支路回路对应的延迟体积,更新第一目标支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型;根据第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值,及第一目标支路回路对应的延迟体积,确定第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的延迟流量值;将更新后的第一目标支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型中,第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的延迟流量值对应的温度,确定为第一目标支路回路在第二时刻的温度,如此可精确确定第一目标支路回路在第二时刻的温度。
在本公开的一些实施例中,所述基于热管理系统在第一时刻的第一温度,第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值和目标支路回路对应的延迟体积,更新第一目标支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型具体可以包括:
根据目标对象和第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值,计算第一目标支路回路的参考温度;
根据参考温度,以及第二目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值,更新第二目标支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型;所述第二目标支路回路为在目标模型中,与第一目标支路回路相邻,且沿着冷却液的流动方向位于第一目标支路回路之前的支路回路;
其中,u为大于或等于1,小于N的整数;N为目标模型中的支路回路的数量;第二目标支路回路在u等于1的情况下,目标对象可以为第一温度;
在u大于1的情况下,目标对象可以为第二目标支路回路在第二时刻的输出温度;其中,第二目标支路回路在第二时刻的输出温度基于第二目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值、第二目标支路回路对应的延迟体积,以及更新后的第二目标支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型确定。
针对第一个支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型,可以根据第一温度和第一个支路回路在第一时刻的流量值,计算第一参考温度;根据第一参考温度,以及第一个支路回路在第一时刻的流量值,更新第一个支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型。
具体实现时,可以根据第一个支路回路在所述第一时刻的流量值,以及第一个支路回路在第一时刻的历史流量值,确定第一个支路回路在第一时刻的累计流量值;根据第一个支路回路在第一时刻的累计流量值,以及第一个支路回路对应的延迟体积,确定第一个支路回路在所述第一时刻的延迟流量值。上述流量值、累计流量值和延迟流量值的确定方式 与前述第P个热支路回路的确定方式相同,具体可参见前述相关描述,此处不再赘述。
之后,可以将第一个支路回路在所述第一时刻的延迟流量值和所述第一参考温度,增加至第一个支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型中。如图8所示,可以在曲线中增加第一点,第一点对应的横坐标为:第一个支路回路在第一时刻的延迟流量值,第一点对应的纵坐标为:第一参考温度。
针对第二个支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型,可以根据第一个支路回路在第二时刻的输出温度和第二个支路回路在第一时刻的流量值,计算第二参考温度;根据第二参考温度,以及第二个支路回路在第一时刻的流量值,更新第一个支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型。
由前述内容可知,各支路回路的输出温度可以基于各支路回路的流量积分的温度延迟模型确定。具体实现时,可以根据第一个支路回路在第一时刻的流量值和第一个支路回路对应的延迟体积,以及更新后的第一个支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型,确定第一个支路回路在第二时刻的输出温度,具体确定方式可参见前述相关描述,此处不再赘述。
其他支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型的更新与第二个支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型的更新类似,为避免重复,此处不再赘述。
通过上述方式,可以实现各支路回路对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型的更新,从而可以提高温度预测的可靠性。
以下对参考温度的确定进行说明。
在一些实施例中,参考温度可以查表得到。
在另一些实施例中,参考温度可以基于模型得到。在此情况下,所述根据目标对象和第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值,计算第一目标支路回路的参考温度,可以包括:
将目标对象和第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值输入第一目标支路回路对应的换热模型中,得到第一目标支路回路的参考温度;
其中,所述换热模型用于:
根据第一目标支路回路在所述第一时刻的流量值,以及第一目标支路回路对应的特征长度,确定第一值;
根据第一值和目标对象,确定第一目标支路回路的参考温度。
在本实施例中,可以为各支路回路分别设置一个换热模型,用于更新某个支路回路分别对应的流量积分的温度延迟模型,可以通过该支路回路的换热模型确定。
具体实现时,第一值可以为第一目标支路回路在第一时刻的流量值,与支路回路对应的特征长度的比值,这样,可以补偿流量精度的不足,从而可以提高温度预测的可靠性。
特征长度可以理解为:单位长度对应的换热面积。不同支路回路对应的特征长度可以不同,特征长度可以通过实验数据设置。
为方便理解换热模型,以下以电池支路的换热模型的构建进行示例说明:
在稳态条件下,换热部件(在电池支路中,换热部件为电池)给冷却液传热后导致冷却液的温度变化,由于该温度变化导致的冷却液热量变化如上述公式(7)所示。
然后基于上述的公式(8)所示的换热部件与冷却液的换热关系式,将公式(7)和公式(8)进行联立,然后对换热部件的长度进行积分,得到如公式(9)所示的换热部件的温度与出口温度的关系式。
如此可基于公式(9)得到电池支路的输出温度。
在本公开的实施例中,可以通过支路回路对应的特征长度,确定支路回路的输出温度,这样,可以补偿流量精度的不足,从而可以提高温度预测的可靠性。
需要说明的是,本公开实施例提供的热管理系统建模方法,执行主体可以为热管理系统建模装置,或者该热管理系统建模装置中的用于执行热管理系统建模方法的控制模块。
基于与上述的热管理系统建模方法相同的发明构思,本公开还提供了一种热管理系统建模装置。下面结合图9对本公开实施例提供的热管理系统建模装置进行详细说明。
图9是根据一示例性实施例示出的一种热管理系统建模装置的结构示意图。
如图9所示,该热管理系统建模装置900可以包括第一获取模块910、第一确定模块920和第二确定模块930。
第一获取模块910,用于获取车辆的热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及热管理系统中的多个支路回路。
第一确定模块920,用于基于各支路回路中换热部件,和/或,至少两个支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定所述热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点。
第二确定模块930,用于基于所述热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,通过第一获取模块获取热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及热管理系统中的多个支路回路,可以根据第一确定模块基于各支路回路中换热部件,和/或,至少两个支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定热管理系统中满足预设条件的无法合并的温度节点,根据第二确定模块基于确定无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型,由于可按照预设合并策略不断将热管理系统中的温度节点进行合并,故最终得到的目标模型中的温度节点的数量小于最开始时热管理系统中的温度节点的数量,简化了热管理系统的结构,如此在计算热管理系统中的出水温度时,无需计算很多的温度节点的温度,提升了出水温度的计算效率,节省了计算算力。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了进一步提升计算冷却液的出口温度的效率,第二确定模块930具体可以包括第一构建单元、第一确定单元、第二确定单元和第三确定单元。
第一构建单元,用于基于所述热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点,构建与各所述支路回路中的换热部件对应的延迟体积。
第一确定单元,用于基于各所述支路回路中的换热部件对应的延迟体积,对热管理系统中各支路回路中的换热部件进行简化,得到热管理系统对应的第一模型。
第二确定单元,用于合并所述第一模型中不同支路回路中温度相同的温度节点,得到热管理系统对应的第二模型。
第三确定单元,用于将所述第二模型中无热源传导的相邻两个混水点合并为一个混水点,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了精确构建与各支路回路中的换热部件对应的延迟体积,第一构建单元具体用于:
根据开环模型,确定与所述热管理系统中各支路回路一一对应的N个初始体积,其中,所述开环模型的输入为所述热管理系统在第k时刻的控制参数值,输出为所述热管理系统在第k时刻的温度;
关闭所述开环模型,并利用关闭后的所述开环模型,对所述N个初始体积进行矫正,得到与所述热管理系统中各支路回路一一对应的N个延迟体积。
在本公开的一些实施例中,为了精确计算出口温度,上述所涉及的热管理系统建模装置还可以包括第二构建模块、计算模块和第五确定模块。
第二构建模块,用于基于所述目标模型中各支路回路之间的流量关系,构建第二目标支路回路的局部流量模型;其中,所述第二目标支路回路为各支路回路中的至少一个支路回路。
计算模块,用于基于第二目标支路回路的局部流量模型,计算所述第二目标支路回路对应的流量。
第五确定模块,用于基于所述第二目标支路回路对应的流量,以及所述第二目标支路回路的延迟体积对应的温度延迟模型,确定所述第二目标支路回路的温度。
在本公开的一些实施例中,所述第二构建模块具体可以包括第四确定单元和第二构建单元。
第四确定单元,用于基于所述目标模型中支路回路的数量,以及所述目标模型中各支路回路之间的流量关系式,确定第二目标支路回路。
第二构建单元,用于基于所述第二目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型,构建与所述第二目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型对应的局部流量模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,在所述第二目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型为发动机类型的情况下,所述第二构建单元具体可以用于:
对所述发动机的历史工况参数,以及所述历史工况参数与燃烧气体之间的换热系数进行拟合,得到所述发动机的工况参数与燃烧气体之间的换热系数的第一对应关系式;
对所述第二目标支路回路中冷却液的质量流量,以及所述冷却液的质量流量与发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数进行拟合,得到所述冷却液的质量流量与发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数的第二对应关系式;
基于发动机对应的双层平板模型,根据所述发动机内的冷却液和燃烧气体之间的稳态换热守恒公式,对所述第一对应关系式和所述第二对应关系式进行拟合,得到燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系;所述燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系为构建的与所述第二目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型对应的局部流量模型。
在本公开的一些实施例中,在所述第二目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型为非发动机 类型的情况下,所述第二构建单元具体可以用于:
基于获取的热管理系统的第一流量数据,搭建所述热管理系统对应的物理模型;
基于所述第一流量数据,对所述物理模型的模型参数进行修正,得到所述热管理系统对应的目标物理模型;
基于所述目标物理模型,计算所述热管理系统中第二目标支路回路的换热部件处冷却液的第二流量数据;
根据所述第二流量数据及其对应的控制所述热管理系统运行的目标特征参数,构建训练样本;
基于所述训练样本对预设模型进行训练,得到用于确定冷却液在第二目标支路回路的换热部件处的局部流量模型。
本公开实施例提供的热管理系统建模装置,可以用于执行上述各方法实施例提供的热管理系统建模方法,其实现原理和技术效果类似,为简介起见,在此不再赘述。
基于同一发明构思,本公开实施例还提供了一种热管理系统建模设备。该设备包括处理器、存储器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的程序或指令,所述程序或指令被所述处理器执行时实现本公开上述实施例中的任一实施例所述的热管理系统建模方法的步骤。
图10是本公开实施例提供的一种热管理系统建模设备的结构示意图。如图10所示,热管理系统建模设备可以包括处理器1001以及存储有计算机程序或指令的存储器1002。
在一些具体实施例中,上述处理器1001可以包括中央处理器(CPU),或者特定集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC),或者可以被配置成实施本公开实施例的一个或多个集成电路。
存储器1002可以包括用于数据或指令的大容量存储器。举例来说而非限制,存储器1002可包括硬盘驱动器(Hard Disk Drive,HDD)、软盘驱动器、闪存、光盘、磁光盘、磁带或通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus,USB)驱动器或者两个或更多个以上这些的组合。在合适的情况下,存储器1002可包括可移除或不可移除(或固定)的介质。在合适的情况下,存储器1002可在综合网关容灾设备的内部或外部。在特定实施例中,存储器1002是非易失性固态存储器。存储器可包括只读存储器(Read Only Memory image,ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random-Access Memory,RAM)、磁盘存储介质设备、光存储介质设备、闪存设备、电气、光学或其他物理/有形的存储器存储设备。因此,通常,存储器包括一个或多个编码有包括计算机可执行指令的软件的有形(非暂态)计算机可读存储介质(例如,存储器设备),并且当该软件被执行(例如,由一个或多个处理器)时,其可操作来执行上述实施例提供的热管理系统建模方法所描述的操作。
处理器1001通过读取并执行存储器1002中存储的计算机程序指令,以实现上述实施例中的任意一种热管理系统建模方法。
在一个示例中,热管理系统建模设备还可包括通信接口1003和总线1010。其中,如图11所示,处理器1001、存储器1002、通信接口1003通过总线1010连接并完成相互间的通 信。
通信接口1003,主要用于实现本公开实施例中各模块、设备、单元和/或设备之间的通信。
总线1010包括硬件、软件或两者,将热管理系统建模设备的部件彼此耦接在一起。举例来说而非限制,总线可包括加速图形端口(AGP)或其他图形总线、增强工业标准架构(EISA)总线、前端总线(FSB)、超传输(HT)互连、工业标准架构(ISA)总线、无限带宽互连、低引脚数(LPC)总线、存储器总线、微信道架构(MCA)总线、外围组件互连(PCI)总线、PCI-Express(PCI-X)总线、串行高级技术附件(SATA)总线、视频电子标准协会局部(VLB)总线或其他合适的总线或者两个或更多个以上这些的组合。在合适的情况下,总线1010可包括一个或多个总线。尽管本公开实施例描述和示出了特定的总线,但本公开考虑任何合适的总线或互连。
该热管理系统建模设备可以执行本公开实施例中的热管理系统建模方法,从而实现图3描述的热管理系统建模方法。
另外,结合上述实施例中的热管理系统建模方法,本公开实施例可提供一种可读存储介质来实现。该可读存储介质上存储有程序指令;该程序指令被处理器执行时实现上述实施例中的任一实施例所述的热管理系统建模方法。
另外,结合上述实施例中的热管理系统建模方法,本公开实施例可提供一种车辆来实现。该车辆包括上述实施例中的热管理系统建模装置、热管理系统建模设备和计算机可读存储介质。
另外,结合上述实施例中的热管理系统建模方法,本公开实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序,所述计算机程序在被处理器执行时用于实现如上述实施例中的任一实施例所述的热管理系统建模方法。
另外,结合上述实施例中的热管理系统建模方法,本公开实施例提供了一种计算机程序,包括计算机程序代码,当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时,以使得计算机执行上述实施例中的任一实施例所述的热管理系统建模方法。
需要说明的是,前述对方法、装置实施例的解释说明也适用于上述实施例的热管理系统建模设备、车辆、计算机可读存储介质、计算机程序产品和计算机程序,此处不再赘述。
需要明确的是,本公开并不局限于上文所描述并在图中示出的特定配置和处理。为了简明起见,这里省略了对已知方法的详细描述。在上述实施例中,描述和示出了若干具体的步骤作为示例。但是,本公开的方法过程并不限于所描述和示出的具体步骤,本领域的技术人员可以在领会本公开的精神后,作出各种改变、修改和添加,或者改变步骤之间的顺序。
以上所述的结构框图中所示的功能块可以实现为硬件、软件、固件或者它们的组合。当以硬件方式实现时,其可以例如是电子电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、适当的固件、插件、功能卡等等。当以软件方式实现时,本公开的元素是被用于执行所需任务的程序或者代码段。程序或者代码段可以存储在机器可读介质中,或者通过载波中携带的数据信号在传输 介质或者通信链路上传送。“机器可读介质”可以包括能够存储或传输信息的任何介质。机器可读介质的例子包括电子电路、半导体存储器设备、ROM、闪存、可擦除ROM(EROM)、软盘、CD-ROM、光盘、硬盘、光纤介质、射频(RF)链路,等等。代码段可以经由诸如因特网、内联网等的计算机网络被下载。
还需要说明的是,本公开中提及的示例性实施例,基于一系列的步骤或者装置描述一些方法或系统。但是,本公开不局限于上述步骤的顺序,也就是说,可以按照实施例中提及的顺序执行步骤,也可以不同于实施例中的顺序,或者若干步骤同时执行。
上面参考根据本公开的实施例的方法、装置(系统)和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或框图描述了本公开的各方面。应当理解,流程图和/或框图中的每个方框以及流程图和/或框图中各方框的组合可以由计算机程序指令实现。这些计算机程序指令可被提供给通用计算机、专用计算机、或其它可编程数据处理装置的处理器,以产生一种机器,使得经由计算机或其它可编程数据处理装置的处理器执行的这些指令使能对流程图和/或框图的一个或多个方框中指定的功能/动作的实现。这种处理器可以是但不限于是通用处理器、专用处理器、特殊应用处理器或者现场可编程逻辑电路。还可理解,框图和/或流程图中的每个方框以及框图和/或流程图中的方框的组合,也可以由执行指定的功能或动作的专用硬件来实现,或可由专用硬件和计算机指令的组合来实现。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述,仅为本公开的具体实施方式,所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为了描述的方便和简洁,上述描述的系统、模块和单元的具体工作过程,可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。应理解,本公开的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换,这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。
本公开所有实施例均可以单独被执行,也可以与其他实施例相结合被执行,均视为本公开要求的保护范围。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种热管理系统建模方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
    获取车辆的所述热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及所述热管理系统中的多个支路回路;
    基于各所述支路回路中的换热部件,和/或,至少两个所述支路回路中的冷却液的温水点,确定所述热管理系统中的无法合并的温度节点;
    基于所述热管理系统中的所述无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的所述温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基于所述热管理系统中无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的所述温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型,包括:
    基于所述热管理系统中的所述无法合并的温度节点,构建与各所述支路回路中的所述换热部件对应的延迟体积;
    基于各所述支路回路中的所述换热部件对应的所述延迟体积,对所述热管理系统中的各所述支路回路中的换热部件进行简化,得到所述热管理系统对应的第一模型;
    合并所述第一模型中不同所述支路回路中温度相同的温度节点,得到所述热管理系统对应的第二模型;
    将所述第二模型中无热源传导的相邻两个混水点合并为一个混水点,得到所述热管理系统对应的目标模型。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述构建与各所述支路回路中的所述换热部件对应的延迟体积还包括:
    根据开环模型,确定与所述热管理系统中各所述支路回路一一对应的N个初始体积,其中,所述开环模型的输入为所述热管理系统在第k时刻的控制参数值,输出为所述热管理系统在第k时刻的温度;
    关闭所述开环模型,并利用关闭后的所述开环模型,对所述N个初始体积进行矫正,得到与所述热管理系统中各所述支路回路一一对应的所述N个延迟体积。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述得到所述热管理系统对应的目标模型之后,所述方法还包括:
    基于所述目标模型中各所述支路回路之间的流量关系,构建第二目标支路回路的局部流量模型;其中,所述第二目标支路回路为各所述支路回路中的至少一个支路回路;
    基于所述第二目标支路回路的所述局部流量模型,计算所述第二目标支路回路对应的流量;
    基于所述第二目标支路回路对应的流量,以及所述第二目标支路回路的延迟体积对应的温度延迟模型,确定所述第二目标支路回路的温度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基于所述目标模型中各所述支路回 路之间的流量关系,构建第二目标支路回路的局部流量模型包括:
    基于所述目标模型中所述支路回路的数量,以及所述目标模型中各所述支路回路之间的流量关系式,确定所述第二目标支路回路;
    基于所述第二目标支路回路中的换热部件的类型,构建与所述第二目标支路回路中的所述换热部件的类型对应的所述局部流量模型。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,基于所述第二目标支路回路中的所述换热部件的类型为发动机类型,
    所述构建与所述第二目标支路回路中的所述换热部件的类型对应的所述局部流量模型包括:
    对所述发动机的历史工况参数,以及所述历史工况参数与燃烧气体之间的换热系数进行拟合,得到所述发动机的工况参数与所述燃烧气体之间的所述换热系数的第一对应关系式;
    对所述第二目标支路回路中冷却液的质量流量,以及所述冷却液的质量流量与发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数进行拟合,得到所述冷却液的质量流量与所述发动机的缸壁之间的换热系数的第二对应关系式;
    基于发动机对应的双层平板模型,根据所述发动机内的冷却液和所述燃烧气体之间的稳态换热守恒公式,对所述第一对应关系式和所述第二对应关系式进行拟合,得到燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系;所述燃烧气体温度与发动机的工况参数的函数关系为构建的与所述第二目标支路回路中的所述换热部件的类型对应的所述局部流量模型。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,基于所述第二目标支路回路中的所述换热部件的类型为非发动机类型,
    所述构建与所述第二目标支路回路中的所述换热部件的类型对应的所述局部流量模型包括:
    基于获取的所述热管理系统的第一流量数据,搭建所述热管理系统对应的物理模型;
    基于所述第一流量数据,对所述物理模型的模型参数进行修正,得到所述热管理系统对应的目标物理模型;
    基于所述目标物理模型,计算所述热管理系统中所述第二目标支路回路中的换热部件处冷却液的第二流量数据;
    根据所述第二流量数据及其对应的控制所述热管理系统运行的目标特征参数,构建训练样本;
    基于所述训练样本对预设模型进行训练,得到用于确定所述冷却液在所述第二目标支路回路中的换热部件处的所述局部流量模型。
  8. 一种热管理系统建模装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:
    第一获取模块,用于获取车辆的所述热管理系统中的多个温度节点,以及所述热管理系统中的多个支路回路;
    第一确定模块,用于基于各所述支路回路中的换热部件,和/或,至少两个所述支路回 路中的冷却液的温水点,确定所述热管理系统中的无法合并的温度节点;
    第二确定模块,用于基于所述热管理系统中的所述无法合并的温度节点,按照预设合并策略对所述热管理系统中的所述温度节点进行合并,得到热管理系统对应的目标模型。
  9. 一种热管理系统建模设备,其特征在于,所述热管理系统建模设备包括:处理器以及存储有计算机程序指令的存储器;所述处理器执行所述计算机程序指令时实现如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的热管理系统建模方法。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序指令,所述计算机程序指令被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的热管理系统建模方法。
  11. 一种车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆包括以下至少一种:
    如权利要求8所述的热管理系统建模装置;
    如权利要求9所述的热管理系统建模设备;
    如权利要求10所述的计算机可读存储介质。
  12. 一种计算机程序产品,包括计算机程序,所述计算机程序在被处理器执行时实现根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的热管理系统建模方法。
  13. 一种计算机程序,其特征在于,所述计算机程序包括计算机程序代码,当所述计算机程序代码在计算机上运行时,以使得计算机执行如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的热管理系统建模方法。
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