WO2023277148A1 - イオン液体含浸触媒粒子、燃料電池用膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池 - Google Patents
イオン液体含浸触媒粒子、燃料電池用膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- the present invention focuses on the above points, and provides an ionic liquid-impregnated catalyst particle, a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell, and a fuel cell, which have excellent oxygen reduction activity and suppress the elution of metal particles from the catalyst particles. intended to
- the elution of metal particles can be suppressed by the porous inorganic material, and the ionic liquid is stably retained on the surface of the metal particles.
- a liquid-impregnated catalyst particle, a membrane electrode assembly for a fuel cell, and a fuel cell can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a cross section of a main part of a main embodiment of an ionic liquid-impregnated catalyst particle according to the present invention
- the ionic liquid-impregnated catalyst particles include catalyst particles 1 having conductive carriers 2 and metal particles 3 supported on the conductive carriers 2 .
- Metal particles 3 are enclosed by porous inorganic material 4 .
- An ionic liquid 5 is impregnated between the porous inorganic material 4 and the metal particles 3 . That is, the inside of the porous inorganic material 4 is filled with the ionic liquid 5 including the inside of the pores.
- the porous inorganic material 4 mainly encloses the metal particles 3, and it is possible to ensure electron conduction.
- the inside of the pores of the porous inorganic material 4 is filled with the ionic liquid 5, so that contact between water and the metal particles 3 can be suppressed.
- the ionic liquid 5 can be stably retained and the elution of the metal particles 3 can be suppressed.
- the protons can smoothly move to the metal particles 3 through the ionic liquid 5, and the resistance overvoltage can be suppressed.
- the coating amount of the porous inorganic material 4 is such that the weight ratio of (said porous inorganic material)/(said porous inorganic material+catalyst particles) is in the range of 0.01 or more and 0.2 or less, and the weight of the catalyst particles is is the total weight of the metal particles and the conductive carrier.
- the coating amount of the porous inorganic material 4 can be determined by, for example, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). If the porous inorganic material 4 is less than 1% by mass, it is difficult to sufficiently retain the ionic liquid 5 in the porous inorganic material 4, and if it is more than 20% by mass, the conductivity of the catalyst particles 1 is sufficiently ensured. it becomes difficult to do.
- XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- the fuel cell according to this embodiment has the above-described ionic liquid-impregnated catalyst particles according to this embodiment.
- a fuel cell includes, for example, a pair of gas diffusion layers, and each gas diffusion layer is arranged so as to face each electrode catalyst layer of the above-described membrane electrode assembly according to this embodiment.
- a cathode (positive electrode) and an anode (negative electrode) are formed by the gas diffusion layer and the electrode catalyst layer, respectively.
- the weight ratio of (said porous inorganic material)/(said porous inorganic material+catalyst particles) is 0.01 or more and 0.01 or more. 2 or less.
- Catalyst particles 1 are composed of a conductive carrier 2 and metal particles 3 . According to such a configuration, the ionic liquid-impregnated catalyst particles can hold the ionic liquid 5 by the porous inorganic material 4 and suppress the influence of the porous inorganic material 4 which is a resistance component.
- a carbon carrier having a G band/D band ratio of 1.3 or more as determined by Raman spectroscopy was used.
- ⁇ IV measurement method> A gas diffusion layer and a gas seal were laminated on both sides of the obtained membrane electrode assembly, and set in a Japan Automobile Research Institute (JARI) standard cell (electrode area: 5 x 5 cm 2 ). IV measurements were performed according to the Cell Evaluation Analysis Protocol of the Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The current density was shifted from low current density to high current density while holding at the measured current density for 5 minutes. The measured current densities are 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 , 1.5 and 1.6 A/cm 2 .
- JARI Japan Automobile Research Institute
- ⁇ Durability test method> A durability test was also conducted according to the NEDO cell evaluation analysis protocol. 30000 cycles of the potential cycle test of load response simulation response were performed.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of IV measurement before and after the durability test in each fuel cell using the catalysts of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8. Specifically, with Comparative Example 1 (Pt-supporting carbon) as a reference, the voltage difference of 1.5 A/cm 2 during IV measurement is indicated as “ ⁇ ” when it is smaller than 0 mV, and when it is 0 to 10 mV. is indicated as “ ⁇ ”, and the case of greater than 10 mV is indicated as " ⁇ ".
- Comparative Example 6 which is Pt-supported carbon only coated with silica, had a higher voltage after the durability test than Comparative Example 1 and had high durability. Moreover, in Comparative Example 7, which is a catalyst filled with only an ionic liquid, the voltage was higher than that in Comparative Example 1 both before and after the durability test, but the difference was small.
- Examples 1, 2, 3 and Comparative Examples 2, 3 are evaluations of ionic liquid-impregnated silica-coated Pt-supported carbons prepared with different silica coating amounts. The voltage after the endurance test was higher than in Comparative Example 1.
- Example 6 the ionic liquid was changed from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide to 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. .
- Comparative Example 8 the ionic liquid was changed from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide to 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. .
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係るイオン液体含浸触媒粒子、燃料電池用膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池の主な実施形態を図1に基づいて以下に説明する。
図1に示すように、本実施形態に係るイオン液体含浸触媒粒子は、導電性担体2と、導電性担体2に担持された金属粒子3とを有する触媒粒子1を含む。金属粒子3は、多孔性無機材料4によって包接されている。そして、多孔性無機材料4と金属粒子3との間は、イオン液体5が含浸されている。すなわち、多孔性無機材料4内は、その細孔内も含めてイオン液体5により満たされている。
本実施形態に係る燃料電池用膜電極接合体は、本実施形態に係る上述のイオン液体含浸触媒粒子を用いた触媒層を備える。このような燃料電池用膜電極接合体は、例えば、高分子電解質膜と、本実施形態に係る上述したイオン液体含浸触媒粒子を用い、高分子電解質膜を上下から挟持する一対の電極触媒層とを備える。なお、燃料電池用膜電極接合体は、アノード側のイオン液体含浸触媒粒子を省略することも可能であり、カソード側のみイオン液体含浸触媒粒子を用いることも可能である。
本実施形態に係る燃料電池は、本実施形態に係る上述のイオン液体含浸触媒粒子を有する。このような燃料電池は、例えば、一対のガス拡散層を備え、それぞれのガス拡散層が本実施形態に係る上述の膜電極接合体の各電極触媒層と対向するように配置される。そして、それぞれのガス拡散層と電極触媒層とによって、カソード(正極)及びアノード(負極)が形成される。
本実施形態に係る発明は、以下の効果を奏する。
このような構成によれば、多孔性無機材料4は、触媒粒子1の全体を覆っておらず、主に金属粒子3を包接していることから、導電性担体2によって、電子伝導の確保は可能である。多孔性無機材料4の細孔内は、イオン液体5で満たされており、水と金属粒子3との接触を抑制でき、酸素還元特性を向上させることができる。多孔性無機材料4内にイオン液体5を満たすことで、燃料電池運転下でも、静電相互作用により、イオン液体5を安定に保持することができ、耐久性を向上させることができる。
このような構成によれば、多孔性無機材料4内へのイオン液体5の安定な保持ができ、プロトンは、イオン液体5を介して、金属粒子3上に円滑に移動することができ、抵抗過電圧を抑制することができる。
このような構成によれば、イオン液体含浸触媒粒子は、高い酸素還元活性を示し、特に、燃料電池用カソード触媒として用いることができる。
このような構成によれば、イオン液体含浸触媒粒子は、多孔性無機材料4によってイオン液体5を保持しつつ、抵抗成分である多孔性無機材料4の影響を抑えることができる。
このようなイオン液体5であれば、触媒粒子1の金属粒子3が覆われても、プロトンや酸素が金属粒子3へ円滑に移動することができ、良好な酸素還元活性を示すことができる。
Pt担持カーボンは、既知の方法に従って合成され、Pt/C=70/30(質量比)のPt担持量とした。カーボン担体は、ラマン分光より、Gバンド/Dバンド比1.3以上のものを用いた。
テトラデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(TTAB)水溶液にPt担持カーボンを加えて分散し、続いて、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)とエタノールとの混合溶液を加えた。水酸化ナトリウムを加えて、2時間撹拌後、処理したPt担持カーボンを遠心分離機にて分離して、80℃で6時間乾燥させた。最後に、空気雰囲気下、350℃で熱処理して、付着したTTABを除去し、シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを得た。合成したシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンにおけるシリカ被覆量は、用いるTEOSの量で調整した。シリカ被覆量は、XPSで求めた。
合成したシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンをアセトニトリルに加え、シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンのメソ孔体積に応じて、イオン液体を添加した。30分間超音波分散させた後、エバポレータでアセトニトリルを除去して、イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを得た。イオン液体の添加量は、低温窒素吸着法により、1nmから100nmのメソ孔体積より求めた。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、10質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の80体積%の1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、実施例1の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、1質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の80体積%の1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、実施例2の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、20質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の80体積%の1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、実施例3の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、10質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の50体積%の1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、実施例4の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、10質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の100体積%の1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、実施例5の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、10質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の80体積%の1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、実施例6の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))を比較例1の触媒粒子(Pt担持カーボン)とした。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、0.1質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の80体積%の1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、比較例2の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、30質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の50体積%の1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、比較例3の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、10質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の40体積%の1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、比較例4の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、10質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の110体積%の1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、比較例5の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、10質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、比較例6の触媒粒子(シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、メソ孔体積の80体積%の1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、比較例7の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
前述の工程に従って、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=70/30(質量比))に対し、10質量%のシリカ被覆量であるシリカ被覆Pt担持カーボンを合成し、メソ孔体積の80質量%の1-オクチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミドを用いて、比較例8の触媒粒子(イオン液体含侵シリカ被覆Pt担持カーボン)を得た。
水とノルマルプロピルアルコール(NPA)とエタノールとの混合溶液(7:2:1)と、実施例1~6及び比較例1~8の触媒粒子と、パーフルオロカーボン(米国シグマ-アルドリッチ社製「ナフィオン(登録商標)」)の分散液とを混合して、ボールミルで分散させて、実施例1~6及び比較例1~8の触媒インクをそれぞれ作成した。I(イオノマー)/C(担体カーボン)比率は、0.8とし、固形分は、14.5質量%とした。
実施例1~6及び比較例1~8の触媒粒子による触媒インクをPt目付0.44mg/cm2となるようにパーフルオロカーボン(米国シグマ-アルドリッチ社製「ナフィオン(登録商標)」)の膜上に塗布した。続いて、80℃で5分間乾燥させてカソード側触媒層を得た。また、Pt担持カーボン(Pt/C=30/70(質量比))を用いて上述と同様にして触媒インクを作製し、この触媒インクをPt目付0.1mg/cm2となるようにカソード側触媒層と反対側のパ―フルオロカーボン膜上に塗布した。続いて、80℃で5分間乾燥させてアノード側触媒層を得た。これにより、実施例1~6及び比較例1~8の膜電極接合体をそれぞれ作製した。
得られた膜電極接合体の両側に、ガス拡散層とガスシールを積層させて、日本自動車研究所(JARI)標準セル(電極面積5×5cm2)にセットし、国立研究開発法人新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構(NEDO)のセル評価解析プロトコルに従ってI-V測定を実施した。電流密度を低電流密度から高電流密度へ、測定電流密度で5分間保持しつつ、シフトさせた。測定電流密度は、0、0.025、0.050、0.075、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0、1.2、1.4、1.5、1.6A/cm2とした。
耐久性試験についても、NEDOのセル評価解析プロトコルに従って実施した。負荷応答模擬応答の電位サイクル試験を30000サイクル実施した。
実施例1~6及び比較例1~8の触媒を用いた各燃料電池において、耐久性試験の前後でI-V測定を行った評価結果を表1に示す。具体的には、比較例1(Pt担持カーボン)を基準として、I-V測定時の1.5A/cm2の電圧差が、0mVよりも小さい場合を『×』とし、0~10mVの場合を『〇』とし、10mVよりも大きい場合を『◎』としている。
2 導電性担体
3 金属粒子
4 多孔性無機材料
5 イオン液体
Claims (6)
- 導電性担体と、
前記導電性担体に担持された金属粒子と
からなる触媒粒子において、
前記金属粒子が、多孔性無機材料により包接されており、
前記多孔性無機材料を含む触媒粒子は、イオン液体が含浸されている
ことを特徴とするイオン液体含浸触媒粒子。 - 前記多孔性無機材料は、(前記多孔性無機材料)/(前記多孔性無機材料+触媒粒子)の重量比が、0.01以上0.2以下である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のイオン液体含浸触媒粒子。 - 前記イオン液体の含浸量は、前記多孔性無機材料を含む触媒粒子のメソ孔体積の50体積%以上100体積%以下の体積である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のイオン液体含浸触媒粒子。 - 前記イオン液体が、1-アルキル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム ビス(トリフロオロメタンスルホニル)イミド(ただし、アルキルは、メチル、エチル、プロピル、ブチル、ペンチル、ヘキシル、ヘプチルのうちのいずれか一種である。)を含んでなる
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のイオン液体含浸触媒粒子。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のイオン液体含浸触媒粒子を用いた触媒層を備えた
ことを特徴とする燃料電池用膜電極接合体。 - 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のイオン液体含浸触媒粒子を有する
ことを特徴とする燃料電池。
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| JP2023532065A JP7396539B2 (ja) | 2021-07-01 | 2022-06-30 | イオン液体含浸触媒粒子、燃料電池用膜電極接合体、及び燃料電池 |
| CN202280043640.3A CN117500593A (zh) | 2021-07-01 | 2022-06-30 | 离子液体含浸催化剂粒子、燃料电池用膜电极接合体以及燃料电池 |
| EP22833294.6A EP4364847A4 (en) | 2021-07-01 | 2022-06-30 | IONIC LIQUID-IMPREGNATED CATALYST PARTICLES, MEMBRANE-ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY FOR FUEL CELLS AND FUEL CELL |
| US18/397,884 US20240128473A1 (en) | 2021-07-01 | 2023-12-27 | Ionic-liquid-impregnated catalyst particles, membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells, and fuel cell |
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| JP2008177134A (ja) * | 2007-01-22 | 2008-07-31 | Shinshu Univ | 燃料電池用触媒電極およびその製造方法 |
| JP2008282635A (ja) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-20 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 電極触媒およびこれを用いた燃料電池ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
| JP2015149247A (ja) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-20 | 日産自動車株式会社 | アノード電極触媒ならびに当該触媒を用いる電極触媒層、膜電極接合体および燃料電池 |
| WO2019208310A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-10-31 | ステラケミファ株式会社 | 燃料電池用触媒、燃料電池用膜電極接合体及びそれを備えた燃料電池 |
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| US11121379B2 (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2021-09-14 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Caged nanoparticle electrocatalyst with high stability and gas transport property |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008177134A (ja) * | 2007-01-22 | 2008-07-31 | Shinshu Univ | 燃料電池用触媒電極およびその製造方法 |
| JP2008282635A (ja) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-20 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 電極触媒およびこれを用いた燃料電池ならびにそれらの製造方法 |
| JP2015149247A (ja) * | 2014-02-07 | 2015-08-20 | 日産自動車株式会社 | アノード電極触媒ならびに当該触媒を用いる電極触媒層、膜電極接合体および燃料電池 |
| WO2019208310A1 (ja) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-10-31 | ステラケミファ株式会社 | 燃料電池用触媒、燃料電池用膜電極接合体及びそれを備えた燃料電池 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| ACS CATALYSIS, vol. 8, 2018, pages 8244 - 8254 |
| See also references of EP4364847A4 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP4364847A1 (en) | 2024-05-08 |
| CN117500593A (zh) | 2024-02-02 |
| JP7396539B2 (ja) | 2023-12-12 |
| JPWO2023277148A1 (ja) | 2023-01-05 |
| EP4364847A4 (en) | 2025-08-06 |
| US20240128473A1 (en) | 2024-04-18 |
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