WO2023280200A1 - 车窗总成 - Google Patents

车窗总成 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023280200A1
WO2023280200A1 PCT/CN2022/104104 CN2022104104W WO2023280200A1 WO 2023280200 A1 WO2023280200 A1 WO 2023280200A1 CN 2022104104 W CN2022104104 W CN 2022104104W WO 2023280200 A1 WO2023280200 A1 WO 2023280200A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductive layer
heating zone
window assembly
vehicle window
conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/104104
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈志新
关金亮
蒋炳铭
张灿忠
屠乐乐
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd filed Critical Fuyao Glass Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority to EP22836946.8A priority Critical patent/EP4329425A4/en
Priority to JP2023573613A priority patent/JP2024520220A/ja
Priority to KR1020237040503A priority patent/KR20230174272A/ko
Publication of WO2023280200A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023280200A1/zh
Priority to US18/404,281 priority patent/US20240163979A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/002—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor with means for clear vision, e.g. anti-frost or defog panes, rain shields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/20—Accessories, e.g. wind deflectors, blinds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/031—Heaters specially adapted for heating the windscreen wiper area
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/037—Heaters with zones of different power density

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of auto parts, in particular to a vehicle window assembly.
  • the windshield in order to realize that the main viewing area of the windshield and the wiper stay area can be heated to perform operations such as defogging, defrosting, snow removal and/or deicing, so as to ensure safe driving, the windshield can be Resistive heating elements are respectively added in the areas corresponding to the main viewing area and the wiper stay area, such as Chinese patents CN101653038A and CN1620840A, but additional busbars need to be added in the wiper stay area.
  • the area also needs to be provided with an ink shielding layer. If the transparent conductive layer and the ink shielding layer are located on the same surface of the glass substrate, the transparent conductive layer in the wiper stay area will be at least partly located on the ink shielding layer. Due to the influence of the ink on the transparent conductive layer, making The resistance of the transparent conductive layer located on the ink shielding layer becomes abnormally large, which eventually leads to local hot spots or even insufficient overall temperature rise, which is likely to cause safety hazards.
  • the present application discloses a vehicle window assembly, which can solve technical problems such as local hot spots and even insufficient overall temperature rise when the vehicle window glass is energized and heated.
  • the present application provides a vehicle window assembly.
  • the vehicle window assembly includes a first carrier plate, a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, a first busbar and a second busbar, and the first conductive layer is set On one of the surfaces of the first carrier board, the second conductive layer is disposed on the surface of the first carrier board having the first conductive layer or on the first conductive layer, so The first bus bar is in direct electrical contact with the first conductive layer, the second bus bar is in direct electrical contact with the first conductive layer or the second conductive layer, and the window assembly is in the first conductive layer.
  • first heating area and a second heating area directly connected between a bus bar and the second bus bar, the first conductive layer covers at least the first heating area, and the second conductive layer at least partially covers In the second heating zone, the total resistance of the first heating zone is greater than the total resistance of the second heating zone, and the square resistance of the first heating zone is greater than the square resistance of the second heating zone.
  • the present application can realize the simultaneous heating of the main viewing area and the wiper stay area through the oppositely arranged first busbar and second busbar, in order to reduce or even eliminate local hot spots that may be generated in the wiper stay area and at the same time ensure at least the main viewing area
  • the heating temperature rise meets the requirement of ⁇ 6°C for 4 minutes.
  • the ratio e of the total resistance RB of the second heating zone to the total resistance RA of the first heating zone satisfies the formula:
  • k is the ratio of the average power density of the second heating zone to the average power density of the first heating zone
  • S2 is the total area of the second heating zone
  • S1 is the first heating zone of the total area.
  • the first conductive layer is a transparent conductive oxide film or a transparent conductive metal film
  • the second conductive layer is a conductive block, a transparent conductive oxide film or a transparent conductive metal film.
  • At least part of the first conductive layer extends into the second heating zone, and the first conductive layer is electrically connected to the second conductive layer.
  • the first conductive layer extends to directly below the second bus bar.
  • the second conductive layer covers at least 60% of the area of the second heating zone.
  • the first conductive layer does not extend directly below the second bus bar, and the square resistance of the second conductive layer is smaller than that of the first conductive layer.
  • the second conductive layer includes a plurality of conductive blocks arranged at intervals, the length of the conductive blocks in a direction perpendicular to the second bus bar and the length from the first bus bar to the second heating area
  • the product of the ratio of the vertical distances to the ratio k is equal to e.
  • each of the conductive blocks includes a plurality of conductive sub-blocks arranged at intervals, and the total length of the conductive sub-blocks in a direction perpendicular to the second bus bar is the same as that between the first bus bar and the second bus bar.
  • the product of the ratio of the vertical distances of the two heating zones and said ratio k is equal to e.
  • the ratio k of the average power density of the second heating zone to the average power density of the first heating zone ranges from 0.8 to 2.0.
  • the ratio of the total area of the first heating zone to the total area of the second heating zone is in the range of 5-15.
  • the vehicle window assembly further includes a shielding layer, an adhesive layer and a second bearing plate, the shielding layer is arranged between the first bearing plate and the first conductive layer, and the shielding layer including a first sub-shielding layer arranged in the first heating zone and a second sub-shielding layer arranged in the second heating zone, the second carrying plate is connected to the first carrying plate through the adhesive layer bonding.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a vehicle window assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view along line I-I in Fig. 1 .
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic partial top view of a vehicle window assembly provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle window assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic partial top view of a vehicle window assembly provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic partial top view of a vehicle window assembly provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic partial top view of a vehicle window assembly provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic partial top view of a vehicle window assembly provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic top view of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • window assembly 1 first heating zone 1a, second heating zone 1b, first carrier plate 11, first conductive layer 12, second conductive layer 13, silver paste conductive block 131, conductive sub-block 1311, Bus bar layer 14, first bus bar 141, second bus bar 142, shielding layer 15, first sub-shielding layer 151, second sub-shielding layer 152, adhesive layer 16, second bearing plate 17, vehicle 2, vehicle Rack 21.
  • the application provides a vehicle window assembly 1, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 together, Figure 1 is a schematic top view of the vehicle window assembly provided in an embodiment of the application; Figure 2 is a section along line I-I in Figure 1 View schematic diagram.
  • the vehicle window assembly 1 includes a first carrier plate 11 , a first conductive layer 12 , a second conductive layer 13 , and a bus bar layer 14 .
  • the first conductive layer 12 and the second conductive layer 13 are disposed on the same surface of the first carrier board 11, the bus bar layer 14 includes a first bus bar 141 and a second bus bar 142, the The first busbar 141 is in direct electrical contact with the first conductive layer 12, the second busbar 142 is in direct electrical contact with the second conductive layer 13, and the window assembly is in direct electrical contact with the first busbar 141.
  • the first bus bar 141 and the second bus bar 142 are respectively electrically connected to two poles of a power supply (not shown), so that the current of the power supply can be delivered to the first conductive layer 12 and the second conductive layer 12.
  • Conductive layer 13 is respectively electrically connected to two poles of a power supply (not shown), so that the current of the
  • the vehicle window assembly 1 can be used as a front windshield of a vehicle, the first heating zone 1a can at least cover the main viewing area of the front windshield, and the second heating zone 1b can at least cover the For the wiper rest area of the front windshield, the application can realize simultaneous heating of the main viewing area and the wiper rest area through the first busbar 141 and the second busbar 142 which are arranged oppositely, in order to reduce or even eliminate the possibility of the wiper stay area local hot spots and at the same time ensure that the heating temperature rise of at least the main viewing area meets the requirement of ⁇ 6°C for 4 minutes.
  • the total resistance RA of the first heating zone 1a is preferably greater than the total resistance of the second heating zone 1b R B
  • the square resistance of the first heating zone 1a is greater than the square resistance of the second heating zone 1b.
  • the ratio e of the total resistance RB of the second heating zone 1b to the total resistance RA of the first heating zone 1a satisfies the formula (1):
  • k is the ratio of the average power density of the second heating zone to the average power density of the first heating zone
  • S2 is the total area of the second region of the second heating zone
  • S1 is the total area of the second heating zone.
  • the total area of the first area of a heating zone, the average power density of the first heating zone 1a and the average power density of the second heating zone 1b can be obtained according to actual heating standard requirements.
  • each hierarchical structure is shown in a perspective form in the drawings, which does not mean that it can be carried from the first bearing plate 11
  • Each hierarchical structure can be directly observed from the schematic top view of the plate 11 .
  • the material of the first carrier plate 11 is transparent glass
  • the vehicle window assembly 1 has a first heating zone 1a and a second heating zone 1b directly connected to each other, which can be arranged in
  • the shielding layer 15 (as shown in FIG. 2 ) of the first carrier plate 11 is used to shield a smaller part of the first heating zone 1a and a larger part of the second heating zone 1b, even to shield the second heating zone 1b.
  • the entirety of zone 1b is heated.
  • the vehicle window assembly 1 has a first heating zone 1a and a second heating zone 1b directly connected to each other, which refers to the border between the first heating zone 1a and the second heating zone 1b smooth connection.
  • the wiper of the vehicle 2 is installed on the surface of the first bearing plate 11 facing away from the first conductive layer 12, so
  • the second heating area 1b corresponds to the rest area of the wiper
  • the first heating area 1a corresponds to the cleanable area of the wiper.
  • the cleanable area of the wiper usually corresponds to the main viewing area of the front windshield.
  • the electronic component when a current flows through an electronic component, the electronic component will generate a certain amount of heat, and the heat generated is usually proportional to the resistance value of the electronic component, that is to say, after the same time and flowing When the magnitude of the current is the same, the greater the resistance value of the electronic components, the greater the heat generated.
  • the material of the first carrying plate 11 is usually transparent glass, and the material of the shielding layer 15 arranged on the first carrying plate 11 is ink.
  • the first conductive layer 12 may be a transparent conductive oxide film or a transparent conductive metal film
  • the second conductive layer 13 may be a silver paste conductive block, a transparent conductive oxide film or a transparent conductive metal film
  • the transparent conductive oxide film comprises at least one metal oxide layer, and the metal oxide layer can be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc dioxide ( AZO), antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), etc.
  • the transparent conductive oxide film may also include at least one dielectric layer, the dielectric layer is selected from zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, At least one of aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride or titanium metal layers.
  • the transparent conductive metal film comprises at least one metal layer and/or metal alloy layer, and the metal layer can be selected from gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) or molybdenum (Mo), so
  • the metal alloy layer can be selected from silver alloy, such as silver-gold alloy, silver-copper alloy or silver-aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the transparent conductive metal film can also include at least one dielectric layer, and the dielectric layer is selected from zinc oxide, tin oxide, oxide At least one of indium, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride or titanium metal layer.
  • the transparent conductive oxide film or transparent conductive metal film can be directly deposited on the surface of the first carrier plate 11 by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (CVD), for example deposited by magnetron sputtering and, preferably, the transparent conductive oxide film or transparent conductive metal film can withstand high temperature heat treatment, such as heat treatment process of bending process such as baking or tempering.
  • the silver paste conductive block can be formed by printing process, such as screen printing, inkjet printing and the like.
  • the range of the first heating zone 1a should be larger than the range of the second heating zone 1b, that is, the first carrier plate 11 corresponds to the The area of the first heating zone 1a should be greater than the area of the first carrier plate 11 corresponding to the second heating zone 1b. It is understandable that in order to ensure driving safety, it is necessary to give priority to ensuring the heating efficiency in the main viewing area, for example, to ensure that the heating temperature rise in the main viewing area meets the requirement of ⁇ 6°C in 4 minutes.
  • the first conductive layer 12 located in the first heating zone 1a extends into the second heating zone 1b, and the first conductive layer 12 and the The second conductive layer 13 is electrically connected, so that the junction of the first conductive layer 12 and the second conductive layer 13 can be shielded by the shielding layer 15, and the overall visual appearance viewed from the outside of the vehicle can be maintained.
  • the first conductive layer 12 does not extend directly below the second bus bar 142, and the second conductive layer 13 located in the second heating zone 1b is disposed on the On the surface of the first carrier plate 11 having the first conductive layer 12, one end of the second conductive layer 13 located in the second heating zone 1b is in direct electrical contact with the second bus bar 142, and the other end is in direct electrical contact with the second bus bar 142.
  • the second conductive layer 13 located in the second heating zone 1b is in direct electrical contact with the second conductive layer 13 extending into the second heating zone 1b
  • the inner part of the first conductive layer 12 is formed overlapping.
  • the square resistance of the second conductive layer 13 is set to be smaller than the square resistance of the first conductive layer 12, so as to reduce or even eliminate local hot spots that may be generated in the wiper stay area and at the same time ensure the heating temperature rise of at least the main viewing area Satisfy the requirement of ⁇ 6°C for 4 minutes, for example, the first conductive layer 12 is a transparent conductive metal film comprising at least two metal layers, the metal layer can be any one of silver layer or silver alloy layer, the second The second conductive layer 13 is a silver paste conductive block or a transparent conductive metal film comprising at least three metal layers.
  • the first conductive layer 12 is a transparent conductive metal film comprising two silver layers (double silver film system)
  • the second conductive layer 13 is a transparent conductive metal film comprising three or four silver layers (three silver film systems) or four-silver film system) transparent conductive metal film, so that the square resistance of the second heating zone 1b is smaller than the square resistance of the first heating zone 1a.
  • first busbar 141 and the second busbar 142 can also be arranged at other positions of the window assembly 1, for example, in a possible implementation manner
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a vehicle window assembly provided in another embodiment of the present application.
  • the first busbar 141 and the second busbar 142 can also be arranged on the two opposite sides of the window assembly 1 , and are opposite to each other along the window assembly 1 .
  • the lengthwise direction of the two sides of the two sides extends, and the first busbar 141 and the second busbar 142 are respectively substantially parallel to the sides.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle window assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the first conductive layer 12 extends to directly below the second busbar 142, the second busbar 142 is arranged on the upper surface of the second conductive layer 13, and the second conductive layer 13 covers the extending into the upper surface of the first conductive layer 12 of the second heating zone 1b.
  • the first conductive layer 12 is in direct electrical contact with the second conductive layer 13, that is to say, the total resistance of the second heating zone 1b is determined by the The first conductive layer 12 and the second conductive layer 13 in 1b are connected in parallel.
  • the application sets the second conductive layer 13 to cover the second At least 60% of the area of zone 1b is heated.
  • the first conductive layer 12 extends to directly below the second bus bar 142, and the first conductive layer 12 and the second conductive layer extending into the second heating zone 1b 13 are connected in parallel to form the heating resistance of the second heating zone 1b, the first conductive layer 12 extending into the second heating zone 1b is located on the second sub-shielding layer 152, and the second conductive layer 13 covers the The upper surface of the first conductive layer 12 of the second heating zone 1b.
  • the second conductive layer 13 can be a silver paste conductive block, a transparent conductive metal oxide film (including at least one TCO layer, such as tin-doped indium oxide ITO, fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO, aluminum-doped zinc oxide AZO) or at least one A transparent conductive metal film for the metal layer.
  • the first conductive layer 12 is a transparent conductive metal film comprising two silver layers (double silver film system)
  • the second conductive layer 13 is a transparent conductive metal film comprising one or two silver layers (single silver film system or Double silver film system) transparent conductive metal film, also can be the transparent conductive metal oxide film that comprises ITO layer or FTO.
  • Figure 5 is a partial top view of a vehicle window assembly provided in one embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a vehicle window provided in another embodiment of the present application Assembly partial top view schematic diagram.
  • the second conductive layer 13 includes a plurality of silver paste conductive blocks 131 arranged at intervals, and the silver paste conductive blocks 131 are arranged on the first conductive layer 12 extending into the second heating zone 1b, as shown in Fig. 5 and 6 shows that the second bus bar 142 is in direct electrical contact with the first conductive layer 12 extending into the second heating zone 1b, and the silver paste conductive block 131 is not in contact with the second bus bar 142.
  • the present application can set the silver paste conductive block 131 and the second The two bus bars 142 are in direct electrical contact, that is, the second conductive layer 13 is in direct electrical contact with the second bus bar 142 .
  • the length h of the silver paste conductive block 131 in the direction perpendicular to the second bus bar 142 and the vertical distance H (as shown in FIG. 1 ) from the first bus bar 141 to the second heating zone 1b The ratio and the product of the ratio e of the total resistance value located in the second heating zone 1b and the total resistance value located in the first heating zone 1a have a relationship of average power density ratio k.
  • the second conductive layer 13 includes a plurality of silver paste conductive blocks 131 arranged at intervals, and the silver paste conductive blocks 131 are evenly distributed on the second conductive layer 13, so that the second conductive layer 13 flows After overcurrent, the silver paste conductive block 131 can evenly heat the part of the first carrier plate 11 corresponding to the second heating zone 1b.
  • the second conductive layer 13 includes a plurality of silver paste conductive blocks 131 arranged at intervals, which can reduce the shielding effect of the second heating zone 1 b on electromagnetic wave signals.
  • the length h of the silver paste conductive block 131 in the direction perpendicular to the second bus bar 142 and the length of the vertical distance H from the first bus bar 141 to the second heating zone 1b Please refer to Figure 5 or Figure 6 for identification.
  • the product of k is equal to the ratio e of the total resistance value, specifically to satisfy the following formula (2):
  • H is the vertical distance from the first bus bar 141 to the second heating zone 1b
  • h is the length of the conductive block 131 in a direction perpendicular to the second bus bar 142 .
  • the silver paste conductive block 131 is perpendicular to the The ratio of the length h in the direction of the second busbar 142 to the vertical distance H from the first busbar 141 to the second heating zone 1b should satisfy the above formula (2).
  • the shape of the silver paste conductive block 131 in a plan view is rectangular, and the length h of the silver paste conductive block 131 in the direction perpendicular to the second bus bar 142 is rectangular.
  • the side length of is easy to calculate.
  • the shape of the silver paste conductive block 131 in a plan view is S-shaped, and the silver paste conductive block 131 is perpendicular to the direction of the second bus bar 142 .
  • the length h above is the average current path length between the highest point of the S-type and the lowest point of the S-type.
  • the silver paste conductive block 131 can also have other shapes, as long as it does not affect the outermost shape of the silver paste conductive block 131 in the direction perpendicular to the second bus bar 142
  • the length of the current path between the two sides is length h, and the present application does not limit the shape of the silver paste conductive block 131 .
  • Figure 7 is a partial top view of a vehicle window assembly provided in another embodiment of this application
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle window assembly provided in another embodiment of this application Schematic diagram of a partial top view of the window assembly.
  • Each of the silver paste conductive blocks 131 includes a plurality of conductive sub-blocks 1311 arranged at intervals, and each conductive sub-block 1311 is disposed on the first conductive layer 12 extending into the second heating zone 1b.
  • the product of the ratio k is equal to the ratio e of the total resistance values.
  • the silver paste conductive block 131 includes a plurality of conductive sub-blocks 1311 arranged at intervals, which can further reduce or even eliminate local hot spots that may be generated in the wiper stay area, and even achieve a more Evenly heating the part of the first carrier plate 11 corresponding to the second heating zone 1b.
  • the ratio of the total length hx of the conductive sub-block 1311 in the direction perpendicular to the second busbar 142 to the vertical distance H from the first busbar 141 to the second heating zone 1b is the
  • the product of the ratio e of the total resistance of the second heating zone 1b and the total resistance of the first heating zone 1a has a relationship of average power density ratio k, which also satisfies the above formula (2).
  • a plurality of conductive sub-blocks 1311 of each silver paste conductive block 131 are arranged in two rows at intervals in the direction perpendicular to the second bus bar 142, wherein at least two conductive sub-blocks 1311 are arranged in a row of intervals. cloth.
  • Fig. 8 a plurality of conductive sub-blocks 1311 of each silver paste conductive block 131 are arranged in two rows at intervals in the direction perpendicular to the second bus bar 142, wherein at least two conductive sub-blocks 1311 are arranged in a row of intervals. cloth.
  • the number of the conductive sub-blocks 1311 included in each silver paste conductive block 131 can also be other numbers, and the shape of the conductive sub-blocks 1311 can also be other shapes , this application is not limited to this.
  • the ratio k of the average power density of the second heating zone 1 b to the average power density of the first heating zone 1 a ranges from 0.8 to 2.0.
  • this application sets the The ratio k of the average power density of the second heating zone 1b to the average power density of the first heating zone 1a is at least 0.8; when the heating efficiency in the main viewing zone and the heating efficiency in the wiper stay zone can be satisfied, the application The heating efficiency of the wiper stay area can be set to be greater than the heating efficiency in the main viewing area, that is, the ratio of the average power density k>1, to meet the heating requirements in specific usage scenarios; in order to avoid overheating of the wiper stay area, this application sets the The ratio k of the average power density of the second heating zone 1b to the average power density of the first heating zone 1a is less than or equal to 2.0.
  • the range of the ratio k of the average power density of the second heating zone 1b to the average power density of the first heating zone 1a is 1.0-1.5, specifically, the ratio k can be 1.1, 1.2, 1.4 , 1.5, etc., can be adjusted according to the actual situation, which is not limited in this application.
  • the ratio of the total area of the first heating zone 1a to the total area of the second heating zone 1b ranges from 5-15.
  • the heating efficiency of the second heating zone 1b and the first heating zone 1a is also related to the ratio of the total area of the first heating zone 1a to the second heating zone 1b.
  • the ratio of the total area of the first heating zone 1a to the total area of the second heating zone 1b ranges from 5-15.
  • the ratio of the total area of the first heating zone 1a to the total area of the second heating zone 1b is in the range of 8-12, specifically, the total area of the first heating zone 1a and the second heating zone 1b
  • the ratio of the total area of the heating zone 1b can be 9, 10.5, 11, 12, etc., and can be adjusted according to the actual situation, which is not limited in this application.
  • the vehicle window assembly 1 further includes a shielding layer 15, an adhesive layer 16 and a second bearing plate 17, and the shielding layer 15 is arranged on the first Between the carrier board 11 and the first conductive layer 12, the shielding layer 15 includes a first sub-shielding layer 151 arranged in the first heating zone 1a and a second sub-shielding layer 151 arranged in the second heating zone 1b.
  • the shielding layer 152, the second carrier plate 17 is bonded to the first carrier plate 11 through the adhesive layer 16 to form a laminated glass for vehicle windows.
  • the first sub-shielding layer 151 only covers a small part of the first heating zone 1a on the first carrier plate 11, so as to avoid covering the corresponding parts of the first carrier plate 11.
  • the second sub-shielding layer 152 substantially completely covers the second heating area 1b on the first carrier plate 11 , so as to provide an excellent visual field of view for the wiper rest area.
  • the first carrier plate 11 and the second carrier plate 17 may be curved glass plates, and the curved glass plates may be formed from straight glass plates after high-temperature heat treatment and bending at at least 560°C.
  • the high-temperature heat treatment at 560°C and bending forming are the production process of automobile glass, such as bending process such as baking or tempering; the thickness of the first carrier plate 11 or the second carrier plate 17 can also be less than or equal to 1.1mm chemically tempered glass plate.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of the vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 2 includes a vehicle frame 21 and the vehicle window assembly 1 as mentioned above, and the vehicle frame 21 is used for installing the vehicle window assembly 1 .
  • the window assembly 1 is installed on the front window and the rear window of the vehicle 2 in the direction of travel, and the wiper of the vehicle 2 is installed on the window assembly.
  • the second heating zone 1b formed into 1 improves the cleaning ability of the wiper to remove rain, snow and frost, and reduces the risk of driving the vehicle 2 in bad weather such as rain, snow and frost.
  • the vehicle window assembly 1 When the vehicle window assembly 1 is installed on the front window of the vehicle as a front windshield, the vehicle window assembly 1 is usually laminated glass, which includes the first carrier plate 11, the adhesive layer 16 and the second The carrying plate 17, the first carrying plate 11 is an outer glass plate located on the outside of the vehicle, the second carrying plate 17 is an inner glass plate located on the inside of the vehicle, the first conductive layer 12 and the second conductive layer 13 is located between the first carrier board 11 and the adhesive layer 16 .

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种车窗总成，车窗总成包括第一承载板、第一导电层、第二导电层、第一汇流母线和第二汇流母线，所述第一汇流母线与所述第一导电层直接电接触，所述第二汇流母线与所述第一导电层或所述第二导电层直接电接触，车窗总成在第一汇流母线和第二汇流母线之间具有直接连接的第一加热区和第二加热区，第一导电层至少覆盖第一加热区，第二导电层至少部分覆盖第二加热区，第一加热区的总电阻大于第二加热区的总电阻，第一加热区的方阻大于第二加热区的方阻。本申请实现车窗主视区和雨刮器停留区的同时进行加热，为了减少甚至消除雨刮器停留区可能产生的局部热点并能够同时保证至少主视区的加热温升满足4分钟≥6℃的要求。

Description

车窗总成
本申请要求于2021年07月06日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110764186.8、申请名称为“车窗总成”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及汽车零配件技术领域，尤其是涉及一种车窗总成。
背景技术
汽车已然成为人类社会重要的交通工具之一。通常汽车配备有雨刮器，在寒冷天气下，雨刮器可能会被冻结在挡风玻璃的表面上，此时必须用手或加热等方式去除雨刮器和挡风玻璃之间的积雪或结冰，例如美国专利US5886321A公开了一种用于加热车辆挡风玻璃的雨刮器停留区的装置，通过在挡风玻璃中增设电阻加热丝产生足够热量，以保证雨刮器正常工作。
现有技术中，为了实现挡风玻璃的主视区和雨刮器停留区均能够进行加热，以进行除雾、除霜、除雪和/或除冰等操作，从而保障安全驾驶，可以在挡风玻璃中对应主视区和雨刮器停留区的区域分别增设电阻加热元件，例如中国专利CN101653038A和CN1620840A，但需要在雨刮器停留区额外增设汇流母线。
实际产品中，也可以在挡风玻璃的主视区和雨刮器停留区同时设置透明导电层，通过相对设置的两条汇流母线即可实现主视区和雨刮器停留区的同时进行加热，由于雨刮器停留区还需要设置油墨遮蔽层，如果透明导电层和油墨遮蔽层位于玻璃基板的同一表面上，雨刮器停留区的透明导电层会至少部分位于油墨遮蔽层上，由于油墨对透明导电层的影响，使得位于油墨遮蔽层上的透明导电层的电阻异常变大，最终导致局部热点甚至整体温升不足，容易造成安全隐患。
发明内容
本申请公开了一种车窗总成，能够解决车窗玻璃在通电加热时存在局部热点甚至整体温升不足等技术问题。
本申请提供了一种车窗总成，所述车窗总成包括第一承载板、第一导电层、第二导电层、第一汇流母线和第二汇流母线，所述第一导电层设置在所述第一承载板的其中一个表面上，所述第二导电层设置在所述第一承载板的具有所述第一导电层的表面上或设置在所述第一导电层上，所述第一汇流母线与所述第一导电层直接电接触，所述第二汇流母线与所述第一导电层或所述第二导电层直接电接触，所述车窗总成在所述第一汇流母线和所述第二汇流母线之间具有直接连接的第一加热区和第二加热区，所述第一导电层至少覆盖所述第一加热区，所述第二导电层至少部分覆盖所述第二加热区，所述第一加热区的总电阻大于所述第二加热区的总电阻，所述第一加热区的方阻大于所述第二加热区的方阻。
本申请通过相对设置的第一汇流母线和第二汇流母线即可实现主视区和雨刮器停留区的同时进行加热，为了减少甚至消除雨刮器停留区可能产生的局部热点并能够同时保证至少主视区的加热温升满足4分钟≥6℃的要求。
可选的，所述第二加热区的总电阻R B与所述第一加热区的总电阻R A的比值e满足公式：
Figure PCTCN2022104104-appb-000001
其中，k为所述第二加热区的平均功率密度与所述第一加热区的平均功率密度的比值，S 2为所述第二加热区的总面积，S 1为所述第一加热区的总面积。
可选的，所述第一导电层为透明导电氧化物膜或透明导电金属膜，所述第二导电层为导电块、透明导电氧化物膜或透明导电金属膜。
可选的，所述第一导电层的至少部分延伸进所述第二加热区内，所述第一导电层与所述第二导电层电连接。
可选的，所述第一导电层延伸至所述第二汇流母线的正下方。
可选的，所述第二导电层覆盖所述第二加热区的至少60％面积。
可选的，所述第一导电层未延伸至所述第二汇流母线的正下方，所述第二导电层的方阻小于所述第一导电层的方阻。
可选的，所述第二导电层包括多个间隔设置的导电块，所述导电块在垂直于所述第二汇流母线方向上的长度和所述第一汇流母线至所述第二加热区的垂直距离的比值与所述比值k的乘积等于e。
可选的，每个所述导电块包括多个间隔设置的导电子块，所述导电子块在垂直于所述第二汇流母线方向上的总长度和所述第一汇流母线至所述第二加热区的垂直距离的比值与所述比值k的乘积等于e。
可选的，所述第二加热区的平均功率密度与所述第一加热区的平均功率密度的比值k的范围为0.8-2.0。
可选的，所述第一加热区的总面积与所述第二加热区的总面积的比值范围为5-15。
可选的，所述车窗总成还包括遮蔽层、粘接层及第二承载板，所述遮蔽层设置于所述第一承载板及所述第一导电层之间，所述遮蔽层包括设置于所述第一加热区的第一子遮蔽层及设置于所述第二加热区的第二子遮蔽层，所述第二承载板通过所述粘接层与所述第一承载板粘接。
附图说明
为了更清楚的说明本申请实施方式中的技术方案，下面将对实施方式中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，显而易见的，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请一实施方式提供的车窗总成俯视示意图。
图2为图1中沿I-I线的剖视示意图。
图3为本申请另一实施方式提供的车窗总成局部俯视示意图。
图4为本申请一实施方式提供的车窗总成剖视示意图。
图5为本申请另一实施方式提供的车窗总成局部俯视示意图。
图6为本申请另一实施方式提供的车窗总成局部俯视示意图。
图7为本申请另一实施方式提供的车窗总成局部俯视示意图。
图8为本申请另一实施方式提供的车窗总成局部俯视示意图。
图9为本申请一实施方式提供的车辆俯视示意图。
标号说明：车窗总成1、第一加热区1a、第二加热区1b、第一承载板11、第一导电层12、第二导电层13、银浆导电块131、导电子块1311、汇流母线层14、第一汇流母线141、第二汇流母线142、遮蔽层15、第一子遮蔽层151、第二子遮蔽层152、粘接层16、第二承载板17、车辆2、车架21。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图，对本申请实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施方式仅是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。基于本申请中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请提供了一种车窗总成1，请一并参阅图1及图2，图1为本申请一实施方式提供的车窗总成俯视示意图；图2为图1中沿I-I线的剖视示意图。所述车窗总成1包括第一承载板11、第一导电层12、第二导电层13、汇流母线层14。所述第一导电层12和所述第二导电层13设置在所述第一承载板11的同一表面上，所述汇流母线层14包括第一汇流母线141和第二汇流母线142，所述第一汇流母线141与所述第一导电层12直接电接触，所述第二汇流母线142与所述第二导电层13直接电接触，所述车窗总成在所述第一汇流母线141和所述第二汇流母线142之间具有直接连接的第一加热区1a和第二加热区1b，所述第一导电层12至少覆盖所述第一加热区1a，所述第二导电层142至少部分覆盖所述第二加热区1b。所述第一汇流母线141和所述第二汇流母线142分别与供电电源(未示出)的两极电连接，使供电电源的电流能够被输送至所述第一导电层12和所述第二导电层13中。
所述车窗总成1可以用作为车辆的前挡风玻璃，所述第一加热区1a能够至少覆盖所述前挡风玻璃的主视区，所述第二加热区1b能够至少覆盖所述前挡风玻璃的雨刮器停留区，本申请通过相对设置的第一汇流母线141和第二汇流母线142即可实现主视区和雨刮器停留区的同时进行加热，为了减少甚至消除雨刮器停留区可能产生的局部热点并能够同时保证至少主视区的加热温升满足4分钟≥6℃的要求，本申请优选所述第一加热区1a的总电阻R A大于所述第二加热区1b的总电阻R B，所述第一加热区1a的方阻大于所述第二加热区1b的方阻。
本申请在对车窗总成1进行加热设计时，使所述第二加热区1b的总电阻R B与所述第一加热区1a的总电阻R A的比值e满足公式(1)：
Figure PCTCN2022104104-appb-000002
其中，k为所述第二加热区的平均功率密度与所述第一加热区的平均功率密度的比值，S 2为所述第二加热区第二区域的总面积，S 1为所述第一加热区第一区域的总面积，所述第一加热区1a的平均功率密度和所述第二加热区1b的平均功率密度可以根据实际加热标准要求获得。通过使比值e满足公式(1)的要求设计，能够保证进一步保证主视区的加热温升满足4 分钟≥6℃的要求，甚至能够满足某些实际应用场景中的雨刮器停留区的加热温升大于主视区的加热温升的要求。
需要说明的是，为了更加清楚的观察到层级结构在所述第一承载板11下的设置关系，各层级结构在附图中以透视的形式表示出来，并不代表能够从所述第一承载板11的俯视示意图下直接观察到各层级结构。
具体的，在本实施方式中，所述第一承载板11的材质为透明玻璃，所述车窗总成1具有彼此直接连接的第一加热区1a及第二加热区1b，可以通过设置在所述第一承载板11的遮蔽层15(如图2所示)以遮挡所述第一加热区1a的较小部分和所述第二加热区1b的较大部分，甚至遮挡所述第二加热区1b的全部。
需要说明的是，所述车窗总成1具有彼此直接连接的第一加热区1a及第二加热区1b，是指所述第一加热区1a与所述第二加热区1b相邻的边界处平滑连接。
当所述车窗总成1应用于车辆2(如图9所示)时，所述车辆2的雨刮器安装于所述第一承载板11背离所述第一导电层12的一侧表面，所述第二加热区1b与所述雨刮器的停留区相对应，所述第一加热区1a与所述雨刮器的可清洁区域相对应。当所述车窗总成1用作为车辆的前挡风玻璃时，所述雨刮器的可清洁区域通常对应于前挡风玻璃的主视区。
需要说明的是，当有电流流过电子元器件时，电子元器件会产生一定的热量，且产生的热量通常与电子元器件的电阻值呈正比关系，也就是说，经过相同时间且流过的电流大小相同时，电子元器件的电阻值越大，产生的热量就越大。在现有技术中，通常采用所述第一承载板11的材质为透明玻璃，且设置在所述第一承载板11的遮蔽层15的材质为油墨，由于所述遮蔽层15的存在且对所述第二加热区1b的局部电阻影响较大，使得所述第一承载板11对应所述第二加热区1b的部分容易产生局部热点，造成了严重的加热不均匀性，可能带来一定的局部过热和破裂风险。
在本实施方式中，所述第一导电层12可以为透明导电氧化物膜或透明导电金属膜，所述第二导电层13可以为银浆导电块、透明导电氧化物膜或透明导电金属膜。所述透明导电氧化物膜包含至少一个金属氧化物层，所述金属氧化物层可以选用铟锡氧化物(ITO)、掺杂氟的二氧化锡(FTO)、掺杂铝的二氧化锌(AZO)、掺杂锑的氧化锡(ATO)等，所述透明导电氧化物膜还可以包含至少一个介质层，所述介质层选自氧化锌、氧化锡、氧化铟、氧化钛、氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅、碳化硅、氮化铝或钛金属层中的至少一个。所述透明导电金属膜包含至少一个金属层和/或金属合金层，所述金属层可以选用金(Au)、银(Ag)、铜(Cu)、铝(Al)或钼(Mo)，所述金属合金层可以选用银合金，例如银金合金、银铜合金或银铝合金等，所述透明导电金属膜还可以包含至少一个介质层，所述介质层选自氧化锌、氧化锡、氧化铟、氧化钛、氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅、碳化硅、氮化铝或钛金属层中的至少一个。所述透明导电氧化物膜或透明导电金属膜可以通过化学气相沉积(CVD)或物理气相沉积(CVD)的方法直接沉积到所述第一承载板11的表面上，例如通过磁控溅射沉积；并且，优选所述透明导电氧化物膜或透明导电金属膜能够承受高温热处理，例如烘弯或钢化等弯曲工艺的热处理过程。所述银浆导电块可以通过印刷工艺形成，例如丝网印刷、喷墨印刷等。
在本实施方式中，为了获得更好的驾驶可视范围，所述第一加热区1a的范围应大于所述第二加热区1b的范围，也就是说，所述第一承载板11对应所述第一加热区1a的面积应大于 所述第一承载板11对应所述第二加热区1b的面积。可以理解的，为了保证驾驶安全性，需要优先保证主视区内的加热效率，例如保证主视区的加热温升满足4分钟≥6℃的要求。
需要说明的是，在本实施方式中，位于所述第一加热区1a的所述第一导电层12的至少部分延伸进所述第二加热区1b内，所述第一导电层12与所述第二导电层13电连接，可以使第一导电层12和第二导电层13的交界处被遮蔽层15遮蔽，保持从车外观察的整体视觉美观。
在本申请的一个实施方式中，所述第一导电层12未延伸至所述第二汇流母线142的正下方，位于所述第二加热区1b的所述第二导电层13设置在所述第一承载板11的具有所述第一导电层12的表面上，位于所述第二加热区1b的所述第二导电层13的一端与所述第二汇流母线142直接电接触，另一端与延伸进所述第二加热区1b内的所述第一导电层12直接电接触，即位于所述第二加热区1b的所述第二导电层13与延伸进所述第二加热区1b内的所述第一导电层12形成部分重叠。此时，设置所述第二导电层13的方阻小于所述第一导电层12的方阻，以减少甚至消除雨刮器停留区可能产生的局部热点并能够同时保证至少主视区的加热温升满足4分钟≥6℃的要求，例如所述第一导电层12为包含至少两个金属层的透明导电金属膜，所述金属层可以为银层或银合金层中的任意一个，所述第二导电层13为银浆导电块或包含至少三个金属层的透明导电金属膜。具体可举例：所述第一导电层12为包含两个银层(双银膜系)的透明导电金属膜，所述第二导电层13为包含三个或四个银层(三银膜系或四银膜系)的透明导电金属膜，以使所述第二加热区1b的方阻小于所述第一加热区1a的方阻。
可以理解的，在其他可能的实施方式中，所述第一汇流母线141及所述第二汇流母线142还可以设置于所述车窗总成1的其他位置，例如，在一种可能的实施方式中，请一并参阅图3，图3为本申请另一实施方式提供的车窗总成俯视示意图。如图3所示，所述第一汇流母线141及所述第二汇流母线142还可以设置于所述车窗总成1相对的两个侧边，分别沿着所述车窗总成1相对的两个侧边的长度方向延伸，且所述第一汇流母线141及所述第二汇流母线142分别与所在侧边大致平行。
在一种可能的实施方式中，请一并参阅图4，图4为本申请一实施方式提供的车窗总成剖视示意图。所述第一导电层12延伸至所述第二汇流母线142的正下方，所述第二汇流母线142设置在所述第二导电层13的上表面，所述第二导电层13覆盖在延伸进所述第二加热区1b的第一导电层12的上表面。
需要说明的是，在本实施方式中，所述第一导电层12与所述第二导电层13直接电接触，也就是说，所述第二加热区1b的总电阻由位于第二加热区1b内的所述第一导电层12及所述第二导电层13共同并联组成。为了实现所述第二加热区1b的总电阻值和所述第一加热区1a的总电阻值的比值e满足上述公式(1)，本申请设置所述第二导电层13覆盖所述第二加热区1b的至少60％面积。
在本实施方式中，所述第一导电层12延伸至所述第二汇流母线142的正下方，延伸进所述第二加热区1b的所述第一导电层12与所述第二导电层13共同并联形成所述第二加热区1b的加热电阻，延伸进所述第二加热区1b的第一导电层12位于第二子遮蔽层152上，所述第二导电层13覆盖在延伸进所述第二加热区1b的第一导电层12的上表面。所述第二导电层13可以为银浆导电块、透明导电金属氧化物膜(包含至少一个TCO层，例如掺锡氧化铟ITO、掺氟氧化锡FTO、掺铝氧化锌AZO)或包含至少一个金属层的透明导电金属膜。具体可举例：所述第一导电层12为包含两个银层(双银膜系)的透明导电金属膜，所述第二导电层13为包 含一个或两个银层(单银膜系或双银膜系)的透明导电金属膜，也可以为包含ITO层或FTO的透明导电金属氧化物膜。
在一种可能的实施方式中，请一并参阅图5及图6，图5为本申请一实施方式提供的车窗总成局部俯视示意图；图6为本申请另一实施方式提供的车窗总成局部俯视示意图。所述第二导电层13包括多个间隔设置的银浆导电块131，所述银浆导电块131设置在延伸进所述第二加热区1b的所述第一导电层12上，图5和图6示出了所述第二汇流母线142与延伸进所述第二加热区1b的所述第一导电层12直接电接触，所述银浆导电块131未与所述第二汇流母线142直接电接触，即所述第二导电层13未与所述第二汇流母线142直接电接触；可以理解的是，本申请可以在其他实施例中设置所述银浆导电块131与所述第二汇流母线142直接电接触，即所述第二导电层13与所述第二汇流母线142直接电接触。所述银浆导电块131在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的长度h和所述第一汇流母线141至所述第二加热区1b的垂直距离H(如图1所示)的比值与位于所述第二加热区1b的总电阻值和位于所述第一加热区1a的总电阻值的比值e的乘积呈平均功率密度比例k关系。
具体的，所述第二导电层13包括多个间隔设置的银浆导电块131，所述银浆导电块131平均分布于所述第二导电层13，以使得所述第二导电层13流过电流后，所述银浆导电块131能够均匀的为所述第一承载板11对应所述第二加热区1b的部分加热。同时，所述第二导电层13包括多个间隔设置的银浆导电块131，可以减少所述第二加热区1b对电磁波信号的屏蔽作用。
在本实施方式中，所述银浆导电块131在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的长度h以及所述第一汇流母线141至所述第二加热区1b的垂直距离H的长度标识请参阅图5或图6所示。所述银浆导电块131在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的长度h和所述第一汇流母线141至所述第二加热区1b的垂直距离H的比值与平均功率密度的比值k的乘积等于所述总电阻值的比值e，具体为满足如下公式(2)：
Figure PCTCN2022104104-appb-000003
其中，H为所述第一汇流母线141至所述第二加热区1b的垂直距离，h为所述导电块131在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的长度。
在本实施方式中，为了保障位于所述第二加热区1b的总电阻值和位于所述第一加热区1a的总电阻值的比值e的关系，所述银浆导电块131在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的长度h和所述第一汇流母线141至所述第二加热区1b的垂直距离H的比值应满足上述公式(2)。
需要说明的是，如图5所示，所述银浆导电块131在俯视图下的形状为矩形，所述银浆导电块131在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的长度h为矩形的边长，较好计算。请参阅图6，在图6所示的实施方式中，所述银浆导电块131在俯视图下的形状为S型，则所述银浆导电块131在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的长度h为S型最高点至S型最低点之间的平均电流路径长度。可以理解的，在其他可能的实施方式中，所述银浆导电块131还可以是其他形状，只要不影响所述银浆导电块131在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的最外两侧之间的电流路径长度为长度h，本申请对所述银浆导电块131的形状不加以限制。
在一种可能的实施方式中，请一并参阅图7及图8，图7为本申请另一实施方式提供的车窗总成局部俯视示意图；图8为本申请另一实施方式提供的车窗总成局部俯视示意图。每个所述银浆导电块131包括多个间隔设置的导电子块1311，每个导电子块1311设置在延伸进所述第二加热区1b的所述第一导电层12上。所述导电子块1311在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的总长度hx和所述第一汇流母线141至所述第二加热区1b的垂直距离H的比值与所述平均功率密度的比值k的乘积等于所述总电阻值的比值e。
可以理解的，相对于上一实施方式来说，所述银浆导电块131包括多个间隔设置的所述导电子块1311，可以进一步减少甚至消除雨刮器停留区可能产生的局部热点，甚至实现更均匀的对所述第一承载板11对应所述第二加热区1b的部分加热。
具体的，所述导电子块1311在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的总长度hx和所述第一汇流母线141至所述第二加热区1b的垂直距离H的比值与位于所述第二加热区1b的总电阻值和位于所述第一加热区1a的总电阻值的比值e的乘积呈平均功率密度比例k关系，同样是满足上述公式(2)。
在图7中，每个银浆导电块131的三个导电子块1311在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上呈一列间隔排布，此时总长度h＝h1+h2+h3+…+hx，x的数目等于每个所述银浆导电块131包括的所述导电子块1311的数目，图7中x的数目等于3，h1、h2、h3、…、hx为每个导电子块1311在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上的长度。
在图8中，每个银浆导电块131的多个导电子块1311在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上呈两列间隔排布，其中至少两个导电子块1311呈一列间隔排布。以图8中每个银浆导电块131由3个导电子块1311构成举例，在垂直于所述第二汇流母线142方向上具有长度h1、h3的两个导电子块1311呈一列排布，具有长度h2的导电子块1311单独另一列排布，此时总长度h＝(h1+h2)*h3/(h1+h2+h3)。图8中还示出了长度h2大于具有长度h1、h3的两个导电子块1311之间的间隔距离。
可以理解的，在其他可能的实施方式中，每个所述银浆导电块131包括的所述导电子块1311的数目还可以是其他数目，所述导电子块1311的形状还可以是其他形状，本申请对此不加以限制。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第二加热区1b的平均功率密度与所述第一加热区1a的平均功率密度之比k的范围为0.8-2.0。
具体的，为了优先保证主视区内的加热效率，例如保证主视区的加热温升满足4分钟≥6℃的要求，同时保证雨刮器停留区的加热效率满足实际使用需求，本申请设置所述第二加热区1b的平均功率密度与所述第一加热区1a的平均功率密度的比值k至少为0.8；当主视区内的加热效率和雨刮器停留区的加热效率均能够得到满足时，本申请可以设置雨刮器停留区的加热效率大于主视区内的加热效率即平均功率密度的比值k＞1，以满足特定使用场景下的加热需求；为了避免雨刮器停留区的过度加热，本申请设置所述第二加热区1b的平均功率密度与所述第一加热区1a的平均功率密度的比值k小于或等于2.0。
进一步的，所述第二加热区1b的平均功率密度与所述第一加热区1a的平均功率密度的比值k的范围为1.0-1.5，具体的，所述比值k可以是1.1、1.2、1.4、1.5等，可以根据实际情况作出调整，本申请对此不加以限制。
在一种可能的实施方式中，所述第一加热区1a的总面积与所述第二加热区1b的总面积的比值范围为5-15。
具体的，所述第二加热区1b与所述第一加热区1a的加热效率还与所述第一加热区1a与所述第二加热区1b的总面积的比值有关。在本实施方式中，所述第一加热区1a的总面积与所述第二加热区1b的总面积的比值范围为5-15。进一步的，所述第一加热区1a的总面积与所述第二加热区1b的总面积的比值范围为8-12，具体的，所述第一加热区1a的总面积与所述第二加热区1b的总面积的比值可以是9、10.5、11、12等，可以根据实际情况作出调整，本申请对此不加以限制。
在一种可能的实施方式中，请再次参阅图2，所述车窗总成1还包括遮蔽层15、粘接层16及第二承载板17，所述遮蔽层15设置于所述第一承载板11及所述第一导电层12之间，所述遮蔽层15包括设置于所述第一加热区1a的第一子遮蔽层151及设置于所述第二加热区1b的第二子遮蔽层152，所述第二承载板17通过所述粘接层16与所述第一承载板11粘接，以形成车窗用夹层玻璃。
具体的，如图2所示，所述第一子遮蔽层151在所述第一承载板11上仅仅覆盖所述第一加热区1a的一小部分，避免遮挡所述第一承载板11对应所述第一加热区1a的视野范围。所述第二子遮蔽层152在所述第一承载板11上基本完全覆盖所述第二加热区1b，以能够为雨刮器停留区提供优异的外观视野。
在本实施方式中，所述第一承载板11和所述第二承载板17可以选用弯曲玻璃板，所述弯曲玻璃板可以由平直玻璃板经过至少560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型形成，所述560℃的高温热处理和弯曲成型为汽车玻璃的生产工艺，例如烘弯或钢化等弯曲工艺；所述第一承载板11或所述第二承载板17也可以选用厚度小于或等于1.1mm的化学钢化玻璃板。
本申请还提供了一种车辆2，请一并参阅图9，图9为本申请一实施方式提供的车辆俯视示意图。所述车辆2包括车架21及如上文所述的车窗总成1，所述车架21用于安装所述车窗总成1。
具体的，所述车窗总成1请参阅上文描述，在此不再赘述。在本实施方式中，如图9所示，所述车窗总成1安装于所述车辆2行进方向上的车前窗及车后窗，所述车辆2的雨刮器设置于所述车窗总成1的所述第二加热区1b，提高了雨刮器清除雨、雪、霜的清洁能力，降低了所述车辆2在雨、雪、霜等恶劣天气下驾驶的风险。
所述车窗总成1安装于车前窗作为前挡风玻璃时，所述车窗总成1通常为夹层玻璃，其包括所述第一承载板11、粘接层16和所述第二承载板17，所述第一承载板11为位于车辆外侧的外玻璃板，所述第二承载板17为位于车辆内侧的内玻璃板，所述第一导电层12和所述第二导电层13位于所述第一承载板11和所述粘接层16之间。
本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施方式的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种车窗总成，其特征在于，所述车窗总成包括第一承载板、第一导电层、第二导电层、第一汇流母线和第二汇流母线，所述第一导电层设置在所述第一承载板的其中一个表面上，所述第二导电层设置在所述第一承载板的具有所述第一导电层的表面上或设置在所述第一导电层上，所述第一汇流母线与所述第一导电层直接电接触，所述第二汇流母线与所述第一导电层或所述第二导电层直接电接触，所述车窗总成在所述第一汇流母线和所述第二汇流母线之间具有直接连接的第一加热区和第二加热区，所述第一导电层至少覆盖所述第一加热区，所述第二导电层至少部分覆盖所述第二加热区，其特征在于：所述第一加热区的总电阻大于所述第二加热区的总电阻，所述第一加热区的方阻大于所述第二加热区的方阻。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，所述第二加热区的总电阻R B与所述第一加热区的总电阻R A的比值e满足公式：
    Figure PCTCN2022104104-appb-100001
    其中，k为所述第二加热区的平均功率密度与所述第一加热区的平均功率密度的比值，S 2为所述第二加热区的总面积，S 1为所述第一加热区的总面积。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，所述第一导电层为透明导电氧化物膜或透明导电金属膜，所述第二导电层为导电块、透明导电氧化物膜或透明导电金属膜。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，所述第一导电层的至少部分延伸进所述第二加热区内，所述第一导电层与所述第二导电层电连接。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，所述第一导电层延伸至所述第二汇流母线的正下方。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，所述第二导电层覆盖所述第二加热区的至少60％面积。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，所述第一导电层未延伸至所述第二汇流母线的正下方，所述第二导电层的方阻小于所述第一导电层的方阻。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，所述第二导电层包括多个间隔设置的导电块，所述导电块在垂直于所述第二汇流母线方向上的长度和所述第一汇流母线至所述第二加热区的垂直距离的比值与所述比值k的乘积等于e。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，每个所述导电块包括多个间隔设置的导电子块，所述导电子块在垂直于所述第二汇流母线方向上的总长度和所述第一汇流母线至所述第二加热区的垂直距离的比值与所述比值k的乘积等于e。
  10. 如权利要求2所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，所述第二加热区的平均功率密度与所述第一加热区的平均功率密度的比值k的范围为0.8-2.0。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，所述第一加热区的总面积与所述第二加热区的总面积的比值范围为5-15。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的车窗总成，其特征在于，所述车窗总成还包括遮蔽层、粘接层及 第二承载板，所述遮蔽层设置于所述第一承载板及所述第一导电层之间，所述遮蔽层包括设置于所述第一加热区的第一子遮蔽层及设置于所述第二加热区的第二子遮蔽层，所述第二承载板通过所述粘接层与所述第一承载板粘接。
PCT/CN2022/104104 2021-07-06 2022-07-06 车窗总成 Ceased WO2023280200A1 (zh)

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