WO2023283873A1 - 电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023283873A1
WO2023283873A1 PCT/CN2021/106458 CN2021106458W WO2023283873A1 WO 2023283873 A1 WO2023283873 A1 WO 2023283873A1 CN 2021106458 W CN2021106458 W CN 2021106458W WO 2023283873 A1 WO2023283873 A1 WO 2023283873A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
constraining
component
battery module
restraint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/106458
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐彧
王鹏
吴夏逸
王湘
李振华
李星
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP21937195.2A priority Critical patent/EP4145603A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/106458 priority patent/WO2023283873A1/zh
Priority to KR1020227035408A priority patent/KR102836824B1/ko
Priority to JP2022559606A priority patent/JP7369874B2/ja
Priority to CN202180068265.3A priority patent/CN116325313B/zh
Priority to US18/068,524 priority patent/US12609400B2/en
Publication of WO2023283873A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023283873A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery and an electrical device.
  • batteries such as lithium-ion have the advantages of high energy density, high power density, many cycle times, and long storage time, they have been widely used in electric vehicles.
  • the purpose of this application is to improve the reliability and safety of battery operation.
  • a battery comprising:
  • a box assembly including a box and fixed beams fixed in the box;
  • the battery module is arranged in the box and includes a plurality of battery cells
  • the first constraining part is used to cover the battery module and be fixed with the fixed beam
  • the second constraining component is located on the side of the first constraining component away from the battery module and is fixed to the fixed beam, the second constraining component is provided with a weak area, and the second constraining component is configured to exert a constraining force on the first constraining component, and
  • the area of weakness allows the battery cells to expand.
  • the second constraining component is stacked with the first constraining component.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly, and the weakened area is arranged corresponding to the area where the electrode assembly is located.
  • the weakened area is disposed through the thickness direction of the second constraining member.
  • the battery cell has a side facing the first constraining member, and the side has four sides;
  • the second constraining component exerts a constraining force on at least part of the sides to the first constraining component.
  • the first constraining component includes a first limiting portion for covering the battery module, and the second constraining component includes a second limiting portion stacked on the outside of the first limiting portion;
  • the battery module includes a A plurality of battery cells arranged in a direction, and the four sides include: a second side extending along a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction within the side;
  • the second limiting portion includes a transverse restraining strip configured to exert a restraining force on the second side.
  • adjacent second side edges of adjacent battery cells are force-constrained by the same lateral constraint strip.
  • the four sides further include: a first side extending along the first direction, and the second limiting portion further includes: two longitudinal restraint strips arranged at intervals along the second direction and both along the first direction extending, the longitudinal restraint strip is configured to exert a restraint force at the first side;
  • the horizontal restraint bar is located between the two longitudinal restraint bars, and the two ends of the transverse restraint bar are respectively connected to the two longitudinal restraint bars.
  • the second limiting portion includes a plurality of transverse restraint strips, and the area enclosed between adjacent transverse restraint strips and two longitudinal restraint strips forms a weak zone.
  • both sides of the battery module along the second direction are provided with fixed beams
  • the first constraining part includes: a first limiting part and two first mounting parts, the first limiting part is used to cover the battery module, and the two first installing parts are respectively connected to two sides of the first limiting part along the second direction. side;
  • the second constraining part includes: a second limiting part and two second mounting parts, the second limiting part is stacked on the outside of the first limiting part, and the two second installing parts are respectively connected on the edge of the second limiting part both sides of the second direction;
  • first limiting part and the second limiting part on the same side are fixed on the same fixed beam.
  • the entire first limiting portion protrudes toward a side away from the battery module relative to the first mounting portion, and the entire second limiting portion protrudes toward a side away from the battery module relative to the second mounting portion.
  • the battery further includes:
  • the outer cover is arranged on the side of the second constraining component away from the first constraining component, and closes the open end of the box body.
  • an electric device including the battery of the above embodiment, and the battery is used to provide electric energy for the electric device.
  • a constraining force can be applied to the first constraining component through the second constraining component, so that the battery module can Providing a binding force, and setting a weak area on the second binding member can increase the binding force on the expansion surface of the battery cell on the basis of allowing the battery cell to expand in the weak area, thereby improving the expansion rate of the battery cell, Reduce the probability of battery failure caused by extruding the battery structure after the battery cell expands, thereby improving the reliability and life of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of some embodiments of the present application in which batteries are installed in vehicles.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of the battery of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view of some embodiments of battery cells in the battery of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded view of the internal structure of some embodiments of the battery of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of some embodiments of the battery of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the installation relationship between the first constraining component, the second constraining component and the battery module in some embodiments of the battery of the present application.
  • Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 are respectively a perspective view, a top view and a side view of some embodiments of combinations of the first constraining component and the second constraining component in the battery of the present application.
  • 200 battery; 211, shell; 212, electrode assembly; 213, connection part; 214, adapter; 215, end cover; 215A, end cover body; 215B, positive terminal; 215C, negative terminal; 215D, explosion-proof valve ;
  • the first constraining part 31.
  • the first limiting part 32.
  • the first installation part 321.
  • the first installation hole 322.
  • each direction is defined below.
  • the first direction X is located in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the battery 200.
  • the first direction X represents the length direction of the battery 200
  • the second direction Y is also located in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the battery 200.
  • the second direction Y represents the width direction of the battery 200
  • the third direction Z is perpendicular to the plane formed by the first direction X and the second direction Y, for example, the third direction Z represents The height direction of the battery 200 .
  • the first direction X can also represent the width direction of the battery 200, and the second direction represents the length direction of the battery 200; or the first direction X represents any direction in a plane perpendicular to the height direction of the battery 200. .
  • the expansion surface of the battery cells is restricted by the bottom and top plates of the box. Compared with the battery with the battery cells placed vertically, the expansion surface of the battery cells is subject The binding force is small, and it is easy to expand. When the cell inside the battery cell expands to a certain extent (for example, 16%), it may cause deformation or failure of the structural parts of the battery due to excessive stress.
  • the degree of deformation of the top plate and the expansion surface of the battery cell is inconsistent, the bonding surface between the battery cell and the top plate is seriously degummed, and the binding effect of the top plate on the battery cell is weakened, which may cause the battery cell to shake in the box, or the battery The structural parts are deformed or failed due to excessive stress.
  • the top plate will be forced to arch and deform as a whole, and at the same time, it will also affect the restraint effect of other battery cells, and the ability of the top plate to follow the deformation of the battery cells is poor.
  • the thickness of the top plate is thickened, although the binding force of the top plate on the battery cells can be improved, the energy density of the battery will also be reduced at the same time. Therefore, more effective methods are needed to improve the binding effect of the battery cells.
  • a battery may be employed in the powered device, and the battery is configured to provide electrical power to the powered device.
  • the electrical device can be a mobile phone, a portable device, a notebook computer, a battery car, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, etc.
  • Toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric boat toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • Electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools , such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers.
  • the electric device can be a vehicle 100, such as a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.; or a device that uses batteries can also be a drone or a ship Wait.
  • vehicle 100 includes a battery 200 for providing electrical energy for the operation of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle 100 also includes a vehicle axle 101, a wheel 102 connected to the vehicle axle 101, a motor 103 and a controller 104.
  • the motor 103 is used to drive the vehicle axle 101 to rotate
  • the controller 104 is used to control the operation of the motor 103
  • the battery 200 is used to power the motor. 103 and the operation of other components in the vehicle to provide electrical energy.
  • the battery 200 may include a box assembly 1 , a battery module 2 and an outer cover 5 .
  • the inside of the box assembly 1 is a hollow structure, and the battery module 2 is accommodated in the box assembly 1 .
  • the box assembly 1 is used to provide a storage space for the battery module 2 .
  • the outer cover 5 and the box assembly 1 are mutually covered to define an accommodating space for accommodating the battery module 2 .
  • the connection between the box assembly 1 and the outer cover 5 can be sealed by a sealing member (not shown in the figure), and the sealing member can be a sealing ring, a sealant, or the like.
  • one or more battery cells 21 may be provided. If there are multiple battery cells 21 , the multiple battery cells 21 can be connected in series, in parallel or in parallel. The mixed connection means that the multiple battery cells 21 are both in series and in parallel.
  • the battery cells 21 may be cylindrical, square or other shaped secondary batteries.
  • the battery cell 21 may include a case 211 , an electrode assembly 212 and an end cap 215 .
  • the casing 211 has an opening, the electrode assembly 212 is accommodated in the casing 211 , and the end cap 215 is used to close the opening of the casing 211 .
  • the end cap 215 includes an end cap body 215A, a positive terminal 215B, a negative terminal 215C and an explosion-proof valve 215D disposed on the end cap body 215A.
  • One or more electrode assemblies 212 can be stacked, and each electrode assembly 212 is formed with two connecting parts 213 , and the two connecting parts 213 are connected to the positive terminal 215B and the negative terminal 215C through the adapter 214 .
  • the electrode assembly 212 may include a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet (not shown in the figure) and a separator (not shown in the figure).
  • the electrode assembly 212 may be a coiled structure formed by winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and a negative electrode sheet, or a laminated structure formed by stacking a positive electrode sheet, a separator, and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the electrode assembly 212 also includes a positive pole tab and a negative pole tab, which can be a positive current collector that is not coated with a positive active material layer in the positive pole sheet as a positive pole tab, and can be a negative current collector that is not coated with a negative active material layer in the negative pole piece As a negative pole.
  • the present application provides a battery 200 , including: a case assembly 1 , a battery module 2 , a first restraint component 3 and a second restraint component 4 .
  • the box body assembly 1 includes a box body 11 and a fixed beam 12 fixed in the box body 11; the battery module 2 is arranged in the box body 11, and the battery module 2 includes a plurality of battery cells 21; the first constraining component 3 is used for Cover the battery module 2 and fix it with the fixed beam 12; the second restraint part 4 is located on the side of the first restraint part 3 away from the battery module 2 and fixed with the fixed beam 12, the second restraint part 4 is provided with a weak area 413, the second restraint part 4 The constraining component 4 is configured to exert a constraining force on the first constraining component 3 and allow the battery cell 21 to expand at the weakened area 413 .
  • the fixing beam 12 may be arranged along a first direction X, and the first direction X may be a length direction or a width direction of the battery 200 .
  • a plurality of fixed beams 12 can be arranged at intervals along the second direction Y, and the first constraining member 3 is fixed by two adjacent fixed beams 12.
  • the fixed beam 12 can adopt a solid fixed beam or a hollow fixed beam, and its cross section can be rectangular, trapezoidal or C-shaped, etc., and its upper surface can be set as a plane, so that the first restraint component 3 and the second restraint component 4 are fixed on the fixed beam.
  • the upper surface of 12 , or the first constraining component 3 and the second constraining component 4 can also be fixed to the side of the fixed beam 12 .
  • a plurality of battery cells 21 may be provided in one or more layers, and each layer of battery cells 21 includes a row or multiple rows of battery cells 21 arranged side by side along the second direction Y, and each row of battery cells 21 includes A plurality of battery cells 21 arranged side by side along the first direction X.
  • the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet in the battery cell 21 are stacked along the third direction Z, and the battery cell 21 is easy to expand along the third direction Z.
  • an adhesive layer is provided between the first restraint member 3 and the battery module 2 , for example, by glue or other adhesive materials.
  • a constraining force can be applied to the first constraining component 3 through the second constraining component 4, so as to pass the first constraining component 3 and the second constraining component 4 together provide a restraining force to the battery module 2, and a weak region 413 is provided on the second restraining member 4, which can improve the restraint on the expansion surface of the battery cell 21 on the basis of allowing the battery cell 21 to expand in the weak region 413 Force, thereby improving the expansion rate of the battery cell 21, preventing the excessive expansion of the battery cell 21 from causing serious deformation or fracture of the structural components such as the first constraining part 3 and causing the failure of the battery 200, thereby improving the reliability and life of the battery 200.
  • the thickness of the casing 211 of the battery cell 21 is allowed to be thinned, thereby increasing the energy density of the battery cell 21 .
  • the detachment of the adhesive layer between the first constraining member 3 and the battery module 2 can also be reduced.
  • the second constraining component 4 and the first constraining component 3 are stacked along the third direction Z.
  • the second constraining component 4 can be arranged in contact with the first constraining component 3 .
  • This embodiment can make the second constraining component 4 more stable and effectively provide constraining force to the first constraining component 3, and it is easy to set the weak zone 413 at the position corresponding to the expansion area of the second constraining component 4 and the battery cell 21, which can allow On the basis of the expansion of the battery cell 21 in the weak area 413 , the binding force on the expanded surface of the battery cell 21 is improved.
  • the battery cell 21 includes the electrode assembly 212 , and the weakened area 413 is provided corresponding to the area where the electrode assembly 212 is located. Since the battery cell 21 swells mainly at the position where the electrode assembly 212 is located, by setting the weak region 413 at a position corresponding to the electrode assembly 212, it is possible to increase the constraint force on the expansion surface of the battery cell 21 by the second constraining member 4 , minimize the expansion space of the electrode assembly 212 occupied by the second constraining member 4 while providing the constraining force, without affecting the expansion gap of the electrode assembly 212 .
  • the weakened area 413 completely covers the electrode assembly 212, so that the part of the second constraining member 4 outside the weakened area 413 completely avoids the area where the electrode assembly 212 is located, so that the expansion surface of the battery cell 21 can be increased by the second constraining member 4.
  • the constraint force can prevent the expansion space of the electrode assembly 212 from being occupied by the second constraint component 4 when providing the constraint force.
  • the weakened area 413 is disposed through the thickness direction of the second constraining member 4 .
  • the weakened region 413 may also be a thinned portion, or the material strength of the weakened region 413 is smaller than that of other regions of the second constraining member 4 except the weakened region 413 .
  • the battery cell 21 has a side S facing the first constraining member 3, the side S is perpendicular to the third direction Z, and the side S has four sides;
  • the part 4 exerts a constraining force on at least part of the sides S to the first constraining part 3 .
  • the binding force on the battery cell 21 can be increased without affecting the expansion space of the battery cell 21 by the second constraining member 4 at the side of the battery cell 21 to prevent the battery cell from 21 Excessive expansion leads to severe deformation or fracture of the first constraining component 3 and other structural components, causing the battery 200 to fail, thereby improving the reliability and life of the battery 200 .
  • the first constraining component 3 includes a first limiting portion 31 for covering the battery module 2
  • the second constraining component 4 includes The second limiting part 41 on the outside;
  • the battery module 2 includes a plurality of battery cells 21 arranged along the first direction X, and the four sides include: the second side B2 extending along the second direction Y, the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X in the side S, and the second side B2 is perpendicular to the end cover 215 .
  • the second limiting portion 41 includes a lateral constraint strip 412 configured to exert a constraint force on the second side B2.
  • a stable restraining force can be applied to the second side B2 of the battery cell 21 through the lateral restraint bar 412, without occupying the expansion space of the battery cell 21, and without affecting the energy density of the battery cell 21, ensuring the power supply; and can prevent the expansion of adjacent battery cells 21 from interfering with each other.
  • the region between adjacent battery cells 21 is the position where the adhesive layer is most likely to fall off, and the lateral constraining strip 412 exerts constraints.
  • the adjacent second sides B2 of the adjacent battery cells 21 are force-constrained by the same transverse constraint bar 412 .
  • This embodiment can not only simplify the structure of the second constraining member 4 , but also provide more stable constraining force to adjacent battery cells 21 through the same transverse constraining strip 412 .
  • the four sides further include: a first side B1 extending along the first direction X
  • the second limiting portion 41 further includes: two longitudinal restraint strips 411 arranged at intervals along the second direction Y and All extending along the first direction X, the longitudinal restraining strips 411 are configured to exert a restraining force at the first side B1.
  • the transverse restraint strip 412 is located between the two longitudinal restraint strips 411 , and both ends of the transverse restraint strip 412 are respectively connected to the two longitudinal restraint strips 411 .
  • the expansion space of the battery cell 21 is not occupied, and the energy of the battery cell 21 is not affected. Density to ensure power supply.
  • a frame structure can be formed between the two longitudinal restraint strips 411 and the transverse restraint strips 412 to improve the overall rigidity of the second restraint member 4 so as to apply pressure to the first restraint member 3 more effectively so that the battery cells 21
  • the expansion space of the battery cells 21 is not affected, thereby improving the working reliability and service life of the battery 200 .
  • the first side B1 is the side of the end cover 215, and the position of the head of the battery cell 21 is constrained by the longitudinal restraint bar 411, which can Increase the reliability of the high voltage connection structure.
  • the first side B1 is the side of the surface of the casing 211 opposite to the end cover 215 .
  • the second limiting portion 41 includes a plurality of transverse restraint strips 412, and the area enclosed between adjacent transverse restraint strips 412 and two longitudinal restraint strips 411 forms a weak zone.
  • the weakened area 413 is a rectangular through groove, in order to reduce the stress on the second constraining member 4 , rounded corners or chamfers can be set at the four corners of the weak area 413 .
  • Such a structure can form a relatively large area of weakness 413 to avoid the area where the battery cells 21 swell, and the structure is simple and easy to process.
  • fixed beams 12 are provided on both sides of the battery module 2 along the second direction Y;
  • the first constraining component 3 includes: a first limiting portion 31 and two second A mounting part 32, the first limiting part 31 is used to cover the battery module 2, and the two first mounting parts 32 are respectively connected to both sides of the first limiting part 31 along the second direction Y;
  • the second constraining part 4 includes: The second limiting part 41 and two second mounting parts 42, the second limiting part 41 is stacked on the outside of the first limiting part 31, and the two second installing parts 42 are respectively connected on the edge of the second limiting part 41. Both sides of the second direction Y. Wherein, the first limiting portion 31 and the second limiting portion 41 on the same side are fixed to the same fixed beam 12 .
  • the first constraining component 3 and the second constraining component 4 can be formed by a sheet metal stamping forming process.
  • the two first mounting parts 32 are all provided with a plurality of first mounting holes 321 at intervals along the extending direction of the fixed beam 12, and the two second mounting parts 42 are all arranged along the extending direction of the fixed beam 12.
  • a plurality of second installation holes 421 are provided at intervals in the extending direction of the fixed beam 12, and a plurality of third installation holes are arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the fixed beam 12 .
  • a plurality of fasteners 6 pass through corresponding first mounting holes 321 , second mounting holes 421 and third mounting holes respectively, so as to mount the first constraining component 3 and the second constraining component 4 to the fixed beam 12 .
  • the fastener 6 may be a screw, a bolt, a rivet, or the like.
  • a first positioning hole 322 can be set on the first mounting part 32, and a second positioning hole 422 can be set on the second mounting part 42, so as to pass fastening Part 6 is positioned by a pin before fixing.
  • the battery 200 of this embodiment is fixed to the fixed beam 12 by the same set of fasteners 6 through the first constraining component 3 and the second constraining component 4, which is easy to assemble, and when the battery module 2 expands, each battery module 2 can A stable and effective pressing force is provided to reduce the degree of expansion and deformation of the battery module 2 .
  • the first limiting portion 31 as a whole protrudes toward the side away from the battery module 2 relative to the first mounting portion 32
  • the second limiting portion 41 protrudes as a whole relative to the second mounting portion. 42 protrudes toward the side away from the battery module 2 .
  • This embodiment can not only reduce the installation height of the fixed beam 12 and ensure the strength of the fixed beam 12, but also avoid fastening when the first mounting part 32 and the second mounting part 42 are fixed to the fixed beam 12 with the fastener 6.
  • the component 6 protrudes from the top surface of the second limiting portion 41 to reduce the height of the battery 200 . Furthermore, the overall rigidity of the first restraint member 3 and the second restraint member 4 can be improved.
  • the battery 200 further includes an outer cover 5 , which is disposed on a side of the second constraining component 4 away from the first constraining component 3 , and closes the open end of the case 11 .
  • the deformation of the outer cover 5 can be reduced, and the sealing performance of the battery can be improved. Moreover, the deformation of the outer cover 5 is reduced by arranging the first constraining component 3 and the second constraining component 4.
  • the battery 200 can still be disassembled and assembled at the original installation position smoothly after long-term use, which can reduce the maintenance cost of the battery 200. difficulty, and it is also possible to prevent an external force from being applied to the mounting structure on the vehicle due to the deformation of the battery 200 .
  • the thickness of the second constraining component 4 except the weak area 413 is greater than the thickness of the first constraining component 3 .
  • a specific embodiment of the battery 200 of the present application is given below with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 .
  • a plurality of fixed beams 12 are arranged in the box body 1 along the second direction Y, the battery modules 2 are arranged between adjacent fixed beams 12, and the first constraining member 3 is used to cover the battery modules 2 and be fixed to the fixed beams 12 on both sides.
  • the second constraining component 4 is located on the side of the first constraining component 3 away from the battery module 2 and fixed to the fixing beam 12 , the first constraining component 3 and the second constraining component 4 can be fixed by the same set of fasteners 6 .
  • the battery module 2 includes at least two rows of battery cells 21 arranged side by side along the second direction Y, each row of battery cells 21 includes at least two layers of battery cells 21 , and each layer of battery cells 21 includes X is a plurality of battery cells 21 arranged side by side.
  • the battery cells 21 in at least two rows of battery cells 21 are aligned along the first direction X.
  • Each battery cell 21 is laid flat in the box body 11, the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet in the electrode assembly 212 are superimposed along the third direction Z, the electrode assembly 212 mainly expands along the third direction Z, the side S of the battery cell 21 and the The third direction Z is set vertically, and the side S is also the largest surface of the battery cell 21 .
  • the first constraining component 3 covers the battery module 2 as a whole and is fixed to the fixed beam 12.
  • the second constraining component 4 is stacked with the first constraining component 3 and is located on the side of the first constraining component 3 away from the battery module 2 and is connected to the fixed beam 12. Fixed, the second limiting portion 41 is in contact with the first limiting portion 31 to provide a pressing force.
  • An adhesive layer may be provided between the first constraining member 3 and the top layer of battery cells 21, and an adhesive layer may also be provided between the second constraining member 4 and the first constraining member 3 to improve the binding of the second constraining member 4 to the first constraining member 4. Constraining the compression effect of part 3.
  • the second limiting portion 41 of the second constraining component 4 includes: two longitudinal constraining strips 411 and a plurality of transverse constraining strips 412 .
  • Two longitudinal restraint strips 411 are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y and both extend along the first direction X.
  • the two longitudinal restraint strips 411 are respectively used to restrain the first sides B1 of the side surfaces S of the two outermost rows of battery cells 21,
  • the first side B1 is located on the outer side of the battery cells 21 , and the extension length of the longitudinal restraint bar 411 covers the first side B1 of the entire row of battery cells 21 .
  • a plurality of transverse restraint strips 412 are arranged at intervals along the first direction X and extend along the second direction Y. Two ends of each transverse restraint strip 412 are respectively connected to two longitudinal restraint strips 411 .
  • the two outermost lateral restraint strips 412 are respectively used to restrain the second sides B2 of the two outermost battery cells 21 along the first direction X, and the remaining transverse restraint strips 412 are respectively used to restrain the adjacent battery cells along the first direction X
  • the second side B2 of the body 21 , and the extension length of the transverse restraint bar 412 covers the total size of at least two rows of battery cells 21 along the second direction Y.
  • a weakened area 413 is formed between the two longitudinal restraint strips 411 and the plurality of transverse restraint strips 412.
  • the weakened area 413 is a groove penetrating the second restraint member 4 along the third direction Z, and the setting area of the groove may correspond to the electrode assembly 212, Both the longitudinal restraint bar 411 and the transverse restraint bar 412 are kept away from the electrode assembly 212 , so as to leave room for the expansion of the electrode assembly 212 .
  • the width of the longitudinal restraint strip 411 and the transverse restraint strip 412 can be designed according to the size of the electrode assembly 212, for example, the width range can be designed to be 2mm-20mm, and the thickness range can be designed to be between 0.5mm-6mm.
  • This embodiment can provide a restraining force for a first side B1 and two second sides B2 of the side S of the battery cell 21 opposite to the first restraining member 3 , so as to obtain a better restraining effect.
  • a longitudinal restraint bar 411 can also be added between two adjacent rows of battery cells 21 to provide restraint on the four sides of the side S of the battery cells 21 to obtain a better restraint effect .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池及用电装置，其中，电池(200)包括：箱体组件(1)，包括箱体(11)和固定在箱体(11)中的固定梁(12)；电池模块(2)，设在箱体(11)内且包括多个电池单体(21)；第一约束部件(3)，用于覆盖电池模块(2)且与固定梁(12)固定；和第二约束部件(4)，位于第一约束部件(3)远离电池模块(2)的一侧且与固定梁(12)固定，第二约束部件(4)上设有薄弱区(413)，第二约束部件(4)被配置为对第一约束部件(3)施加约束力，并在薄弱区(413)允许电池单体(21)发生膨胀。

Description

电池及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池及用电装置。
背景技术
随着由于锂离子等电池具有能量密度高、功率密度高、循环使用次数多、存储时间长等优点，在电动汽车上面已普遍应用。
但是，延长电动汽车的电池使用的可靠性和寿命，一直是业内的一个难题。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提高电池工作的可靠性和安全性。
根据本申请的第一方面，提供了一种电池，包括：
箱体组件，包括箱体和固定在箱体中的固定梁；
电池模块，设在箱体内且包括多个电池单体；
第一约束部件，用于覆盖电池模块且与固定梁固定；和
第二约束部件，位于第一约束部件远离电池模块的一侧且与固定梁固定，第二约束部件上设有薄弱区，第二约束部件被配置为对第一约束部件施加约束力，并在薄弱区允许电池单体发生膨胀。
在一些实施例中，第二约束部件与第一约束部件层叠设置。
在一些实施例中，电池单体包括电极组件，薄弱区与电极组件所在区域对应设置。
在一些实施例中，薄弱区在第二约束部件的厚度方向上贯通设置。
在一些实施例中，电池单体具有朝向第一约束部件的侧面，侧面具有四个侧边；
第二约束部件在侧面的至少部分侧边向第一约束部件施加约束力。
在一些实施例中，第一约束部件包括用于覆盖电池模块的第一限位部，第二约束部件包括层叠设在第一限位部外侧的第二限位部；电池模块包括沿第一方向排列的多个电池单体，且四个侧边包括：沿第二方向延伸的第二侧边，第二方向在侧面内垂直于第一方向；
其中，第二限位部包括横向约束条，横向约束条被配置为在第二侧边处施加约束力。
在一些实施例中，在第一方向上，相邻电池单体的相邻第二侧边通过同一横向约束条施加力约束。
在一些实施例中，四个侧边还包括：沿第一方向延伸的第一侧边，第二限位部还包括：两个纵向约束条，沿第二方向间隔设置且均沿第一方向延伸，纵向约束条被配置为在第一侧边处施加约束力；
其中，横向约束条位于两个纵向约束条之间，且横向约束条的两端分别连接于两个纵向约束条。
在一些实施例中，第二限位部包括多个横向约束条，相邻横向约束条和两个纵向约束条之间围合形成的区域形成薄弱区。
在一些实施例中，电池模块沿第二方向的两侧均设有固定梁；
第一约束部件包括：第一限位部和两个第一安装部，第一限位部用于覆盖电池模块，两个第一安装部分别连接在第一限位部沿第二方向的两侧；
第二约束部件包括：第二限位部和两个第二安装部，第二限位部层叠设在第一限位部的外侧，两个第二安装部分别连接在第二限位部沿第二方向的两侧；
其中，位于同侧的第一限位部和第二限位部固定于同一根固定梁。
在一些实施例中，第一限位部整体相对于第一安装部朝向远离电池模块的一侧凸出，第二限位部整体相对于第二安装部朝向远离电池模块的一侧凸出。
在一些实施例中，电池还包括：
外盖，设在第二约束部件远离第一约束部件的一侧，且将箱体的开口 端封闭。
根据本申请的第二方面，提供了一种用电装置，包括上述实施例的电池，电池用于为用电装置提供电能。
本申请实施例的电池，通过在第一约束部件外设置第二约束部件，能够通过第二约束部件向第一约束部件施加约束力，以通过第一约束部件和第二约束部件共同向电池模块提供约束力，而且在第二约束部件上设置薄弱区，能够在允许电池单体于薄弱区发生膨胀的基础上，提高对电池单体膨胀面的约束力，从而改善电池单体的膨胀率，降低电池单体膨胀后挤压电池结构件引起电池失效的概率，从而提高电池工作的可靠性和寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请将电池安装于车辆的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图2为本申请电池的一些实施例的结构示意图。
图3为本申请电池中电池单体的一些实施例的分解图。
图4为本申请电池的一些实施例的内部结构分解图。
图5为本申请电池的一些实施例的内部结构示意图。
图6为本申请电池的一些实施例中第一约束部件、第二约束部件与电池模块的安装关系示意图。
图7、图8和图9分别为本申请电池中第一约束部件和第二约束部件组合的一些实施例的立体图、俯视图和侧视图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
标记说明：
100、车辆；101、车桥；102、车轮；103、马达；104、控制器；
200、电池；211、壳体；212、电极组件；213、连接部；214、转接件；215、端盖；215A、端盖本体；215B、正极端子；215C、负极端子；215D、防爆阀；
1、箱体组件；11、箱体；12、固定梁；
2、电池模块；21、电池单体；
3、第一约束部件；31、第一限位部；32、第一安装部；321、第一安装孔；322、第一定位孔；
4、第二约束部件；41、第二限位部；411、纵向约束条；412、横向约束条；413、薄弱区；42、第二安装部；421、第二安装孔；422、第二定位孔；
5、外盖；
6、紧固件；
S、侧面；B1、第一侧边；B2、第二侧边；X、第一方向；Y、第二方向；Z、第三方向。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的 平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
为了在以下实施例中清楚地描述各个方位，下面对各个方向进行定义。以图4的坐标系为例，第一方向X位于垂直于电池200高度方向的平面内，例如，第一方向X表示电池200的长度方向；第二方向Y也位于垂直于电池200高度方向的平面内，且垂直于第一方向X，例如，第二方向Y表示电池200的宽度方向；第三方向Z垂直于第一方向X和第二方向Y形成的平面，例如，第三方向Z表示电池200的高度方向。
在图4以外的实施例中，第一方向X也可表示电池200的宽度方向，第二方向表示电池200的长度方向；或者第一方向X表示位于垂直于电池200高度方向平面内的任意方向。
基于此种方位定义，采用了“上”、“下”、“顶”、“底”、“前”、“后”、“内”和“外”等指示的方位或位置关系的描述，这仅是为了便于描述本申请，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请保护范围的限制。
作为本申请发明创造过程的一部分，发明人经过无数次试验和验证，发现造成电池可靠性和寿命较低的原因可能在于：
对于多个电池单体在箱体内平放的电池，依靠箱体的底板和顶板对电池单体的膨胀面进行约束，与电池单体立放的电池相比，电池单体的膨胀面受到的约束力小，易于发生膨胀，当电池单体内部的电芯膨胀到一定程度(例如16％)，可能造成电池的结构件因应力过大而导致变形或失效。而且，顶板与电池单体膨胀面的变形程度不一致，电池单体与顶板之间的粘接 面脱胶严重，顶板对电池单体的束缚作用减弱，可能造成电池单体在箱体内晃动，或电池的结构件受到应力过大而变形或失效。而且，如果部分电池单体膨胀程度较大，会迫使顶板整体拱起变形，同时也会影响到其它电池单体的约束效果，顶板跟随电池单体变形的能力较差。
如果加厚顶板的厚度，虽然能够提高顶板对电池单体的约束力，但是同时也会降低电池的能量密度，因此需要更有效的方法提升电池单体的约束效果。
用电装置中可采用电池，电池被配置为对用电装置提供电能。该用电装置可以是手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、电瓶车、电动汽车、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等，例如，航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等，电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等，电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨。
如图1所示，用电装置可以是车辆100，例如新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；或者使用电池的装置也可以是无人机或轮船等。车辆100包括电池200，电池200用于为车辆的工作提供电能。
车辆100还包括车桥101、连接于车桥101的车轮102、马达103和控制器104，马达103用于驱动车桥101转动，控制器104用于控制马达103工作，电池200用于为马达103以及车辆中其它部件的工作提供电能。
如图2所示，电池200可以包括箱体组件1、电池模块2和外盖5，箱体组件1内部为中空结构，电池模块2容纳于箱体组件1内。箱体组件1用于为电池模块2提供容纳空间。在一些实施例中，外盖5与箱体组件1相互盖合，以限定出用于容纳电池模块2的容纳空间。当然，箱体组件1与外盖5的连接处可通过密封件(图未示出)来实现密封，密封件可以是密封圈、 密封胶等。
在电池模块2中，可以设置一个或多个电池单体21。若电池单体21为多个，多个电池单体21之间可串联或并联或混联，混联是指多个电池单体21中既有串联又有并联。电池单体21可以为圆柱形、方形或其它形状的二次电池。
如图3所示，电池单体21可以包括壳体211、电极组件212和端盖215。壳体211具有开口，电极组件212容纳于壳体211内，端盖215用于将壳体211的开口封闭。端盖215包括端盖本体215A和设在端盖本体215A上的正极端子215B、负极端子215C和防爆阀215D。电极组件212可以叠加设置一个或多个，每个电极组件212上均形成两个连接部213，两个连接部213均通过转接件214与正极端子215B和负极端子215C连接。
其中，电极组件212可以包括正极片、负极片(图未示出)和隔离膜(图未示出)。电极组件212可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过卷绕形成的卷绕式结构，也可以是由正极片、隔离膜和负极片通过层叠布置形成的层叠式结构。电极组件212还包括正极极耳和负极极耳，可以是正极片中未涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳，可以是负极片中未涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，本申请提供了一种电池200，包括：箱体组件1、电池模块2、第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4。其中，箱体组件1包括箱体11和固定在箱体11中的固定梁12；电池模块2设在箱体11内，电池模块2包括多个电池单体21；第一约束部件3用于覆盖电池模块2且与固定梁12固定；第二约束部件4位于第一约束部件3远离电池模块2的一侧且与固定梁12固定，第二约束部件4上设有薄弱区413，第二约束部件4被配置为对第一约束部件3施加约束力，并在薄弱区413允许电池单体21发生膨胀。
例如，固定梁12可沿第一方向X设置，第一方向X可以为电池200的长度方向或宽度方向等。固定梁12沿第二方向Y可间隔设置多个，第一 约束部件3通过相邻两个固定梁12固定。固定梁12可采用实心固定梁或空心固定梁，其截面可以为矩形、梯形或C形等，其上表面可设置为平面，以便将第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4固定在固定梁12的上表面，或者第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4也可固定于固定梁12的侧面。
例如，多个电池单体21可设置一层或多层，每层电池单体21均包括一列或沿第二方向Y并排设置的多列电池单体21，每列电池单体21中均包括沿第一方向X并排设置的多个电池单体21。其中，电池单体21中的正极片和负极片沿第三方向Z叠加设置，电池单体21容易沿第三方向Z发生膨胀。
例如，为了提高约束效果，第一约束部件3与电池模块2之间设有粘接层，例如通过胶或其它具有粘性的材料粘接。
本申请的该实施例通过在第一约束部件3外设置第二约束部件4，能够通过第二约束部件4向第一约束部件3施加约束力，以通过第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4共同向电池模块2提供约束力，而且在第二约束部件4上设置薄弱区413，能够在允许电池单体21于薄弱区413发生膨胀的基础上，提高对电池单体21膨胀面的约束力，从而改善电池单体21的膨胀率，防止电池单体21膨胀过度导致第一约束部件3等结构件变形严重或断裂引起电池200失效，从而提高电池200工作的可靠性和寿命。
其次，由于通过增加第二约束部件4提高了对电池单体21的约束力，允许减薄电池单体21的壳体211的厚度，从而提高电池单体21的能量密度。
再次，在第一约束部件3与电池模块2之间设置粘接层的情况下，通过改善电池单体21的膨胀程度，还可减少第一约束部件3与电池模块2之间粘接层脱离的程度，以保证第一约束部件3对电池单体21的约束力，提高电池200的结构强度，防止电池200失效，从而提高电池200工作的可靠性和寿命。
在一些实施例中，如图5所示，第二约束部件4与第一约束部件3沿 第三方向Z层叠设置。第二约束部件4可与第一约束部件3接触设置。
该实施例能够使第二约束部件4更稳定有效地向第一约束部件3提供约束力，而且易于在第二约束部件4与电池单体21膨胀区域对应的位置设置薄弱区413，能够在允许电池单体21于薄弱区413发生膨胀的基础上，提高对电池单体21膨胀面的约束力。
在一些实施例中，电池单体21包括电极组件212，薄弱区413与电极组件212所在区域对应设置。由于电池单体21主要在电极组件212所在位置发生膨胀，通过将薄弱区413设在与电极组件212对应的位置，能够在第二约束部件4增加对电池单体21膨胀面约束力的基础上，尽量减少第二约束部件4在提供约束力的同时占用电极组件212的膨胀空间，不影响电极组件212的膨胀间隙。
进一步地，薄弱区413完全覆盖电极组件212，使第二约束部件4在薄弱区413以外的部分完全避开电极组件212所在区域，既能通过第二约束部件4增加对电池单体21膨胀面约束力，又可避免第二约束部件4在提供约束力时占用电极组件212的膨胀空间。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，薄弱区413在第二约束部件4的厚度方向上贯通设置。
该实施例通过设置贯通第二约束部件4的薄弱区413，在保证对电池单体21的约束力的同时，有利于减小设置第二约束部件4对电池单体21膨胀的影响，为电池单体21提供膨胀空间，从而提高电池200工作的可靠性和寿命。可选地，薄弱区413还可以是厚度减薄部，或者薄弱区413的材料强度小于第二约束部件4除薄弱区413以外其它区域的材料强度。
在一些实施例中，如图4和图6所示，电池单体21具有朝向第一约束部件3的侧面S，侧面S垂直于第三方向Z，侧面S具有四个侧边；第二约束部件4在侧面S的至少部分侧边向第一约束部件3施加约束力。
该实施例通过第二约束部件4在电池单体21的侧边位置增加约束力，能够在不影响电池单体21膨胀空间的基础上，提高对电池单体21的约 束力，防止电池单体21膨胀过度导致第一约束部件3等结构件变形严重或断裂引起电池200失效，从而提高电池200工作的可靠性和寿命。
在一些实施例中，如图4和图6所示，第一约束部件3包括用于覆盖电池模块2的第一限位部31，第二约束部件4包括层叠设在第一限位部31外侧的第二限位部41；电池模块2包括沿第一方向X排列的多个电池单体21，且四个侧边包括：沿第二方向Y延伸的第二侧边B2，第二方向Y在侧面S内垂直于第一方向X，第二侧边B2垂直于端盖215。其中，第二限位部41包括横向约束条412，横向约束条412被配置为在第二侧边B2处施加约束力。
该实施例通过横向约束条412，能够向电池单体21的第二侧边B2施加稳定的约束力，不占用电池单体21的膨胀空间，也不影响电池单体21的能量密度，保证电量供应；且能防止相邻电池单体21的膨胀相互干扰。而且，在第一约束部件3与电池模块2之间设置粘接层的情况下，在相邻电池单体21之间的区域是粘接层最容易脱落的位置，通过横向约束条412施加约束力，能够缓解第一约束部件3与电池模块2之间的粘接层脱落的现象，以进一步保证施加于电池单体21的约束力，提高电池200的结构强度，防止电池200失效，从而提高电池200工作的可靠性和寿命。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，在第一方向X上，相邻电池单体21的相邻第二侧边B2通过同一横向约束条412施加力约束。
该实施例不仅能够简化第二约束部件4的结构，也能通过同一横向约束条412向相邻电池单体21提供更稳定的约束力。
在一些实施例中，四个侧边还包括：沿第一方向X延伸的第一侧边B1，第二限位部41还包括：两个纵向约束条411，沿第二方向Y间隔设置且均沿第一方向X延伸，纵向约束条411被配置为在第一侧边B1处施加约束力。其中，横向约束条412位于两个纵向约束条411之间，且横向约束条412的两端分别连接于两个纵向约束条411。
该实施例通过设置两个纵向约束条411，不仅能够对电池单体21的第 一侧边B1形成稳定的约束力，也不占用电池单体21的膨胀空间，不影响电池单体21的能量密度，保证电量供应。而且，两个纵向约束条411与横向约束条412之间可形成框架结构，提高第二约束部件4的整体刚度，以便更加有效地向第一约束部件3施加压力，以便在向电池单体21提供可靠约束的基础上，不影响电池单体21的膨胀空间，从而提高电池200工作的可靠性和寿命。
在电池单体21的端盖215沿第二方向Y朝外设置的情况下，第一侧边B1为端盖215的侧边，通过纵向约束条411约束电池单体21的头部位置，能够增加高压连接结构的可靠性。或者，在电池单体21的端盖215沿第二方向Y朝内设置的情况下，第一侧边B1为与壳体211上与端盖215相对表面的侧边。
在一些实施例中，如图7和图8，第二限位部41包括多个横向约束条412，相邻横向约束条412和两个纵向约束条411之间围合形成的区域形成薄弱区413，薄弱区413为矩形通槽，为了降低第二约束部件4受到的应力，可在薄弱区413的四个角设置圆角或倒角等。此种结构可形成面积较大的薄弱区413，以避让电池单体21发生膨胀的区域，且结构简单，易于加工。
在一些实施例中，如图4和图5所示，电池模块2沿第二方向Y的两侧均设有固定梁12；第一约束部件3包括：第一限位部31和两个第一安装部32，第一限位部31用于覆盖电池模块2，两个第一安装部32分别连接在第一限位部31沿第二方向Y的两侧；第二约束部件4包括：第二限位部41和两个第二安装部42，第二限位部41层叠设在第一限位部31的外侧，两个第二安装部42分别连接在第二限位部41沿第二方向Y的两侧。其中，位于同侧的第一限位部31和第二限位部41固定于同一根固定梁12。
例如，第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4可采用钣金冲压成型工艺成型。
如图4、图7和图8所示，两个第一安装部32均沿固定梁12的延伸方向间隔设有多个第一安装孔321，两个第二安装部42均沿固定梁12的延 伸方向间隔设有多个第二安装孔421，固定梁12上沿着自身延伸方向间隔设有多个第三安装孔。多个紧固件6分别穿过对应的第一安装孔321、第二安装孔421和第三安装孔，以将第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4安装于固定梁12。例如，紧固件6可以是螺钉、螺栓或铆钉等。为了提高第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4的定位精度，第一安装部32上可设置第一定位孔322，第二安装部42上可设置第二定位孔422，以在通过紧固件6固定之前通过销钉定位。
该实施例的电池200，通过第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4通过同一组紧固件6与固定梁12固定，易于装配，且当电池模块2发生膨胀时，可对各电池模块2提供稳定有效的压紧力，降低电池模块2的膨胀变形程度。
在一些实施例中，如图9所示，第一限位部31整体相对于第一安装部32朝向远离电池模块2的一侧凸出，第二限位部41整体相对于第二安装部42朝向远离电池模块2的一侧凸出。
该实施例不仅能够降低固定梁12的设置高度，保证固定梁12的强度，而且在采用紧固件6将第一安装部32和第二安装部42与固定梁12固定时，可避免紧固件6凸出第二限位部41顶面，可减小电池200的高度。而且，能够提高第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4的整体刚度。
如图2所示，电池200还包括外盖5，设在第二约束部件4远离第一约束部件3的一侧，且将箱体11的开口端封闭。
该实施例由于通过第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4共同对电池模块2进行约束，可以降低外盖5的变形，可提高电池的密封性。而且，通过设置第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4降低外盖5变形，当电池200用于车辆时，在长期使用后仍能够顺利地在原安装位进行拆装，可降低电池200的维修难度，而且也可防止由于电池200变形对车辆上的安装结构件施加外力。
在一些实施例中，如图9所示，第二约束部件4除薄弱区413以外部分的厚度大于第一约束部件3的厚度。通过设置厚度较大的第二约束部件4，能够通过第一约束部件3向电池单体21施加更加稳定可靠的约束力，通 过设置厚度较小的第一约束部件3，使电池单体21更容易在薄弱区413所在位置克服第一约束部件3的压紧力发生膨胀，从而提高电池200工作的可靠性和寿命。
下面结合图4至图9，给出本申请电池200的一个具体实施例。
箱体1内沿第二方向Y设有多根固定梁12，电池模块2设在相邻固定梁12之间，第一约束部件3用于覆盖电池模块2且与两侧的固定梁12固定，第二约束部件4位于第一约束部件3远离电池模块2的一侧且与固定梁12固定，第一约束部件3和第二约束部件4可采用同一组紧固件6固定。
电池模块2包括沿第二方向Y并排设置的至少两列电池单体21，每列电池单体21中均包括至少两层电池单体21，且每层电池单体21均包括沿第一方向X并排设置的多个电池单体21。至少两列电池单体21中的电池单体21沿第一方向X对正。各电池单体21在箱体11内平放，电极组件212中的正极片和负极片沿第三方向Z叠加设置，电极组件212主要沿第三方向Z膨胀，电池单体21的侧面S与第三方向Z垂直设置，侧面S也为电池单体21的最大表面。
第一约束部件3整体覆盖电池模块2且与固定梁12固定，第二约束部件4与第一约束部件3层叠设置，且位于第一约束部件3远离电池模块2的一侧且与固定梁12固定，第二限位部41与第一限位部31接触以便提供压紧力。第一约束部件3与顶层电池单体21之间可设有粘接层，第二约束部件4与第一约束部件3之间也可设置粘接层，以提高第二约束部件4对第一约束部件3的压紧效果。
第二约束部件4的第二限位部41包括：两个纵向约束条411和多个横向约束条412。
两个纵向约束条411沿第二方向Y间隔设置且均沿第一方向X延伸，两个纵向约束条411分别用于约束最外侧两列电池单体21的侧面S的第一侧边B1，第一侧边B1位于电池单体21的外侧，且纵向约束条411的延伸长度覆盖整列电池单体21的第一侧边B1。
多个横向约束条412沿第一方向X间隔设置且均沿第二方向Y延伸，每个横向约束条412的两端分别连接于两个纵向约束条411。最外侧两个横向约束条412分别用于约束沿第一方向X位于最外侧的两个电池单体21的第二侧边B2，其余横向约束条412分别约束沿第一方向X相邻电池单体21的第二侧边B2，且横向约束条412的延伸长度覆盖至少两列电池单体21沿第二方向Y的总尺寸。通过在相邻电池单体21的第二侧边B2处设置横向约束条412，还可防止电池单体21的膨胀对相邻电池单体21造成影响。
两个纵向约束条411和多个横向约束条412之间形成薄弱区413，薄弱区413为沿第三方向Z贯通第二约束部件4的槽，该槽的设置区域可与电极组件212对应，以使纵向约束条411和横向约束条412均避让开电极组件212，以为电极组件212的膨胀留出空间。纵向约束条411和横向约束条412的宽度可根据电极组件212的尺寸设计，例如，其宽度范围可设计为2mm～20mm，厚度范围可设计为0.5mm～6mm之间。
该实施例能够为电池单体21与第一约束部件3相对的侧面S的一个第一侧边B1和两个第二侧边B2提供约束力，以获得较好的约束效果。可选地，也可在相邻两列电池单体21之间增设一条纵向约束条411，以对电池单体21的侧面S的四个侧边均提供约束力，以获得更好的约束效果。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电池(200)，包括：
    箱体组件(1)，包括箱体(11)和固定在所述箱体(11)中的固定梁(12)；
    电池模块(2)，设在所述箱体(11)内且包括多个电池单体(21)；
    第一约束部件(3)，用于覆盖所述电池模块(2)且与所述固定梁(12)固定；和
    第二约束部件(4)，位于所述第一约束部件(3)远离所述电池模块(2)的一侧且与所述固定梁(12)固定，所述第二约束部件(4)上设有薄弱区(413)，所述第二约束部件(4)被配置为对所述第一约束部件(3)施加约束力，并在所述薄弱区(413)允许所述电池单体(21)发生膨胀。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池(200)，其中，所述第二约束部件(4)与所述第一约束部件(3)层叠设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池(200)，其中，所述电池单体(21)包括电极组件(212)，所述薄弱区(413)与所述电极组件(212)所在区域对应设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的电池(200)，其中，所述薄弱区(413)在所述第二约束部件(4)的厚度方向上贯通设置。
  5. 根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的电池(200)，其中，所述电池单体(21)具有朝向所述第一约束部件(3)的侧面(S)，所述侧面(S)具有四个侧边；
    所述第二约束部件(4)在所述侧面(S)的至少部分侧边向所述第一约束部件(3)施加约束力。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池(200)，其中，所述第一约束部件(3)包括用于覆盖所述电池模块(2)的第一限位部(31)，所述第二约束部件(4)包括层叠设在所述第一限位部(31)外侧的第二限位部(41)；所述 电池模块(2)包括沿第一方向(X)排列的多个所述电池单体(21)，且所述四个侧边包括：沿第二方向(Y)延伸的第二侧边(B2)，所述第二方向(Y)在所述侧面(S)内垂直于所述第一方向(X)；
    其中，所述第二限位部(41)包括横向约束条(412)，所述横向约束条(412)被配置为在所述第二侧边(B2)处施加约束力。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池(200)，其中，在所述第一方向(X)上，相邻电池单体(21)的相邻所述第二侧边(B2)通过同一所述横向约束条(412)施加力约束。
  8. 根据权利要求6或7所述的电池(200)，其中，所述四个侧边还包括：沿第一方向(X)延伸的第一侧边(B1)，所述第二限位部(41)还包括：两个纵向约束条(411)，沿所述第二方向(Y)间隔设置且均沿第一方向(X)延伸，所述纵向约束条(411)被配置为在所述第一侧边(B1)处施加约束力；
    其中，所述横向约束条(412)位于所述两个纵向约束条(411)之间，且所述横向约束条(412)的两端分别连接于所述两个纵向约束条(411)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池(200)，其中，所述第二限位部(41)包括多个所述横向约束条(412)，相邻所述横向约束条(412)和所述两个纵向约束条(411)之间围合形成的区域形成所述薄弱区(413)。
  10. 根据权利要求1～9任一项所述的电池(200)，其中，所述电池模块(2)沿第二方向(Y)的两侧均设有所述固定梁(12)；
    所述第一约束部件(3)包括：第一限位部(31)和两个第一安装部(32)，所述第一限位部(31)用于覆盖所述电池模块(2)，所述两个第一安装部(32)分别连接在所述第一限位部(31)沿所述第二方向(Y)的两侧；
    所述第二约束部件(4)包括：第二限位部(41)和两个第二安装部(42)，所述第二限位部(41)层叠设在所述第一限位部(31)的外侧，所述两个第二安装部(42)分别连接在所述第二限位部(41)沿所述第二方向 (Y)的两侧；
    其中，位于同侧的所述第一限位部(31)和所述第二限位部(41)固定于同一根所述固定梁(12)。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池(200)，其中，所述第一限位部(31)整体相对于所述第一安装部(32)朝向远离所述电池模块(2)的一侧凸出，所述第二限位部(41)整体相对于所述第二安装部(42)朝向远离所述电池模块(2)的一侧凸出。
  12. 根据权利要求1～11任一项所述的电池(200)，还包括：
    外盖(5)，设在所述第二约束部件(4)远离所述第一约束部件(3)的一侧，且将所述箱体(11)的开口端封闭。
  13. 一种用电装置，包括权利要求1～12任一所述的电池(200)，所述电池(200)用于为所述用电装置提供电能。
PCT/CN2021/106458 2021-07-15 2021-07-15 电池及用电装置 Ceased WO2023283873A1 (zh)

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