WO2024002055A1 - 一种扬声器和电子设备 - Google Patents

一种扬声器和电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024002055A1
WO2024002055A1 PCT/CN2023/102698 CN2023102698W WO2024002055A1 WO 2024002055 A1 WO2024002055 A1 WO 2024002055A1 CN 2023102698 W CN2023102698 W CN 2023102698W WO 2024002055 A1 WO2024002055 A1 WO 2024002055A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vibration
coil
magnetic core
magnet
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/102698
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张毫毫
吴融融
甘宏
吴东泽
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP23830232.7A priority Critical patent/EP4518352A4/en
Publication of WO2024002055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024002055A1/zh
Priority to US19/003,497 priority patent/US20260122427A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/046—Construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R11/00—Transducers of moving-armature or moving-core type
    • H04R11/02—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/11—Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of acoustic technology, and in particular to a speaker and electronic equipment.
  • a speaker is a transducer device that converts electrical signals into acoustic signals and is widely used in many different types of electronic equipment.
  • speakers can be used in electronic devices such as laptops, mobile phones, or headphones.
  • the performance of speakers has a greater impact on sound quality and also affects the user's auditory experience.
  • Speakers mainly rely on the vibration of the diaphragm to promote air vibration to produce sound. When the stiffness of the diaphragm is large, it will increase the system stiffness of the speaker, resulting in a higher resonant frequency of the speaker and poor low-frequency sensitivity.
  • the present application provides a loudspeaker and electronic device capable of achieving smaller system stiffness.
  • the present application provides a speaker, which may include a housing, a diaphragm, a magnet assembly and an electromagnetic assembly.
  • the housing has an accommodation cavity, the diaphragm is arranged in the accommodation cavity, and the accommodation cavity is divided into two cavities: a front cavity and a rear cavity.
  • the diaphragm includes a fixed area and a vibration area.
  • the fixed area is fixedly connected to the housing, and the vibration area is used to be excited to generate vibration to push the surrounding air to produce sound.
  • the vibration zone is connected to the fixed zone through folding ears. When the vibration zone is excited to produce vibration displacement, the folding ears can provide elastic restoring force to drive the vibration zone to return to its initial position.
  • the initial position of the vibration zone is the position where the vibration displacement of the vibration zone is zero.
  • the magnet assembly and the electromagnetic assembly attract each other through magnetic force, the magnet assembly is fixed in the vibration zone, and the electromagnetic assembly is fixed in the housing.
  • the force exerted by the magnet component and the electromagnetic component on the vibration zone is zero.
  • the force exerted by the magnet assembly and the electromagnetic assembly on the vibration zone is in the same direction as the vibration displacement of the vibration zone.
  • the vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone is the direction in which the initial position of the vibration zone points to the vibration position of the vibration zone.
  • the vibration position of the vibration zone can be understood as the position of the vibration zone at a certain moment when the vibration zone vibrates. For example, the vibration zone vibrates to an upward position deviating from the initial position.
  • the above-mentioned forces exerted by the magnet assembly and the electromagnetic assembly on the vibration zone do not include the force used to drive the vibration zone to vibrate and produce sound. Or it can be understood that the force does not include the force generated when the alternating current is passed through the electromagnetic component.
  • the electromagnetic component can interact with the magnet component relying on magnetic field force to provide negative stiffness to the speaker component, thereby reducing the system stiffness of the speaker component.
  • the electromagnetic component can interact with the magnet component relying on magnetic field force, which can excite the vibration zone of the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the electromagnetic component since the electromagnetic component is fixed to the casing, the heat generated by the electromagnetic component can be effectively transferred to the casing, which helps to improve the heat dissipation effect of the electromagnetic component.
  • the magnet assembly may be a permanent magnet. Specifically, it may include a whole permanent magnet, or may include at least two permanent magnets.
  • the magnet assembly may be an annular permanent magnet, and the polar direction of the magnet assembly may be consistent with the radial direction of the magnet assembly. This helps to improve the stability of the magnetic force between the magnet assembly and the electromagnetic assembly.
  • the shape of the magnet assembly may also be a bar shape, a disc shape, an elliptical ring shape, etc., which will not be described again here.
  • the electromagnetic component may include a coil and a magnetic core.
  • the magnetic core may be located in the magnetic circuit of the coil and used to enhance or guide the magnetic field generated by the coil to ensure the force between the electromagnetic component and the magnet component.
  • the sum of the magnetic forces between the magnet assembly and the magnetic core can be zero. That is, when the electromagnetic assembly is not energized, the sum of the magnetic forces between the magnet assembly and the magnetic core in the electromagnetic assembly can be zero.
  • a correction current can be passed through the coil.
  • the vibration zone When the vibration zone is at the initial position, the sum of the magnetic forces between the electromagnetic component and the magnet component is zero.
  • some components in the speaker may have manufacturing accuracy errors or assembly errors, causing the vibration displacement in the vibration zone to be zero.
  • the resultant force generated by the magnet assembly and the magnetic core on the diaphragm is not zero, which will cause elastic deformation of the folding ears.
  • a corrective current can be passed through the electromagnetic assembly.
  • a correction current When a correction current is passed through the electromagnetic component, a correction magnetic field can be generated, so that when the vibration displacement in the vibration zone is zero, the folding ears will not produce elastic deformation.
  • the speaker may also include a control circuit, which may be signal-connected to the electromagnetic component to effectively control the current of the electromagnetic component.
  • the current may be a correction current, an alternating current used to vibrate the diaphragm to produce sound, or a superposition of the correction current and the alternating current.
  • the coil may include a first coil and a second coil
  • the magnetic core may include a first magnetic core and a second magnetic core
  • the first magnetic core may be located in the magnetic circuit of the first coil
  • the second magnetic core may Located in the magnetic circuit of the second coil.
  • the first coil and the first magnetic core are located in the first vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone, and the second coil and the second magnetic core are located in the second vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone, where the first vibration displacement direction The direction of the second vibration displacement is opposite.
  • the first magnetic core may include a first inner core and a first outer core, the first inner core may be located on the inner ring of the first coil, and the first outer core may be located on the outer ring of the first coil, so that The first magnetic core can effectively enhance or guide the magnetic field generated by the first coil.
  • the second magnetic core may include a second inner core and a second outer core, the second inner core may be located on the inner ring of the second coil, and the second outer core may be located on the outer ring of the second coil, so that The second magnetic core can effectively enhance or guide the magnetic field generated by the second coil.
  • the coil and the magnetic core can be located on the same plane, and the plane is parallel to the diaphragm, thereby effectively reducing the space occupied by the coil and the magnetic core in the vibration displacement direction of the vibrating vibration zone (ie, the height size) , helping to reduce the height size of the entire speaker.
  • the magnet assembly can be fixed to the vibration zone and the electromagnetic assembly can be fixed to the housing.
  • the magnetic core may include a first magnetic core and a second magnetic core
  • the coil may include a first coil, a second coil, a third coil and a fourth coil.
  • the first magnetic core may be U-shaped, and the first coil and the second coil are respectively wound on two opposite cantilevers of the first magnetic core.
  • the second magnetic core may be U-shaped, and the third coil and the fourth coil are respectively wound on two opposite cantilevers of the second magnetic core.
  • the first magnetic core is located on the first side of the diaphragm, and the second magnetic core is located on the second side of the diaphragm. The first side and the second side are away from each other, and the U-shaped openings of the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core are arranged facing each other, thereby helping to reduce the height of the speaker.
  • the projection of the first coil, the second coil, the third coil and the fourth coil on the plane where the diaphragm is located does not overlap with the diaphragm, which helps to ensure the maximum vibration displacement of the diaphragm. In addition, it also helps Effectively reduce the height of the speaker.
  • the positions of the magnet assembly and the electromagnetic assembly may be interchanged.
  • another speaker provided by the present application may include a housing, a diaphragm, a magnet component, and an electromagnetic component.
  • the housing has an accommodation cavity, the diaphragm is arranged in the accommodation cavity, and the accommodation cavity is divided into two cavities: a front cavity and a rear cavity.
  • the diaphragm includes a fixed area and a vibration area.
  • the fixed area is fixedly connected to the housing, and the vibration area is used to be excited to generate vibration to push the surrounding air to produce sound.
  • the vibration zone is connected to the fixed zone through folding ears. When the vibration zone is excited to produce vibration displacement, the folding ears can provide elastic restoring force to drive the vibration zone to return to its initial position.
  • the initial position of the vibration zone is the position where the vibration displacement of the vibration zone is zero.
  • the magnet assembly and the electromagnetic assembly attract each other through magnetic force, the electromagnetic assembly is fixed in the vibration zone, and the magnet assembly is fixed in the housing.
  • the force exerted by the magnet component and the electromagnetic component on the vibration zone is zero.
  • the force exerted by the magnet assembly and the electromagnetic assembly on the vibration zone is in the same direction as the vibration displacement of the vibration zone.
  • the vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone is the direction in which the initial position of the vibration zone points to the vibration position of the vibration zone.
  • the vibration position of the vibration zone can be understood as the position of the vibration zone at a certain moment when the vibration zone vibrates. For example, the vibration zone vibrates to an upward position deviating from the initial position.
  • the above-mentioned forces exerted by the magnet assembly and the electromagnetic assembly on the vibration zone do not include the force used to drive the vibration zone to vibrate and produce sound. Or it can be understood that the force does not include the force generated when the alternating current is passed through the electromagnetic component.
  • the electromagnetic component can interact with the magnet component relying on magnetic field force to provide negative stiffness to the speaker component, thereby reducing the system stiffness of the speaker component.
  • the electromagnetic component can interact with the magnet component relying on magnetic field force, which can excite the vibration zone of the diaphragm to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the magnet assembly may be a permanent magnet. Specifically, it may include a whole permanent magnet, or may include at least two permanent magnets.
  • the magnet assembly may be an annular permanent magnet, and the polar direction of the magnet assembly may be consistent with the radial direction of the magnet assembly. This helps to improve the stability of the magnetic force between the magnet assembly and the electromagnetic assembly.
  • the shape of the magnet assembly may also be a bar shape, a disc shape, an elliptical ring shape, etc., which will not be described again here.
  • the electromagnetic assembly may include a coil and a magnetic core, which may be located in the magnetic circuit of the coil to enhance or guide the wire.
  • the magnetic field generated by the coil is used to ensure the force between the electromagnetic component and the magnet component.
  • the sum of the magnetic forces between the magnet assembly and the magnetic core can be zero. That is, when the electromagnetic assembly is not energized, the sum of the magnetic forces between the magnet assembly and the magnetic core in the electromagnetic assembly can be zero.
  • a correction current can be passed through the coil.
  • the vibration zone When the vibration zone is at the initial position, the sum of the magnetic forces between the electromagnetic component and the magnet component is zero. For example, there may be manufacturing accuracy errors or assembly errors in some parts of the speaker.
  • the vibration displacement in the vibration zone is zero, the resultant force generated by the magnet assembly and the magnetic core on the diaphragm is not zero, which will cause elastic deformation of the folding ear.
  • a corrective current can be passed through the electromagnetic assembly.
  • a correction current When a correction current is passed through the electromagnetic component, a correction magnetic field can be generated, so that when the vibration displacement in the vibration zone is zero, the folding ears will not produce elastic deformation.
  • the speaker may also include a control circuit, which may be signal-connected to the electromagnetic component to effectively control the current of the electromagnetic component.
  • the current may be a correction current, an alternating current used to vibrate the diaphragm to produce sound, or a superposition of the correction current and the alternating current.
  • the magnet assembly may include a first permanent magnet located in a first vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone and a second permanent magnet located in a second vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone. Wherein, the first vibration displacement direction is opposite to the second vibration displacement direction.
  • the coil and the magnetic core can be located on the same plane, and the plane is parallel to the diaphragm, thereby effectively reducing the space occupied by the coil and the magnetic core in the vibration displacement direction of the vibrating vibration zone (ie, the height size) , helping to reduce the height size of the entire speaker.
  • the setting positions of the magnet assembly and the electromagnetic assembly can be adaptively adjusted according to different needs, which has good flexibility.
  • the present application also provides an electronic device, which may include a controller and any of the above-mentioned speakers.
  • the controller may be signal-connected to the electromagnetic component in the speaker, and may effectively control the current flowing into the electromagnetic component.
  • the electronic device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a speaker or a headset, etc. This application does not limit the specific type of the electronic device.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a mobile phone provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an audio signal processing process provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a partial structure of a conventional moving coil speaker
  • Figure 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram along plane A in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a frequency response data diagram of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a data diagram showing how the force exerted on the vibration zone by an electromagnetic component and a magnet component provided by the embodiment of the present application changes with the vibration displacement of the vibration zone;
  • Figure 9 is a data diagram showing the change of the negative stiffness of an electromagnetic component and a magnet component with the vibration displacement of the vibration zone according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 10 is a data diagram showing the change of the force in the vibration zone with the vibration displacement provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 11 is a data diagram showing the changes in the vibration displacement of the vibration zone with the force of the electromagnetic component and the magnet component on the vibration zone under different input powers of an electromagnetic component provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic plan view of a magnet assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of another speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of another speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a partial structure of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 17 is a data diagram showing the changes in the force of the electromagnetic component and the magnet component on the vibration zone as a function of the vibration displacement of the vibration zone provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a mobile phone is shown.
  • the speaker can be applied in a mobile phone. Specifically, the speaker can be placed on the top of the mobile phone or the bottom of the mobile phone.
  • the speakers can also be used in electronic devices such as tablet computers, stereos, headphones, or televisions. This application does not limit the specific application scenarios of the speakers.
  • the speaker is an electro-acoustic transducer device that can convert electrical signals into acoustic signals for playback.
  • Analog signals (such as human voices or natural sound waves) can be recorded through an input device (such as a microphone), and the analog signals can be converted into electrical signals through the sound card 1. Finally, the electrical signals can be stored as audio files in a storage device.
  • the electrical signal can be converted into an analog signal through the sound card 2, and converted into an analog signal through an output device (such as a speaker) for playback.
  • speakers can be divided into moving coil, moving iron, piezoelectric and electrostatic types when distinguished from different driving forces.
  • the sound generation principle of different types of speakers is to produce sound by pushing the vibration of the nearby air through the vibration of the diaphragm.
  • the speaker 01 may include a diaphragm 011 , a coil 012 and a permanent magnet 013 .
  • the diaphragm 011 has folding ears 014, which divide the diaphragm into an edge region 015 for fixation and a middle region 016 for vibration.
  • the edge area 015 of the diaphragm 011 is usually fixedly connected to the casing of the speaker 01 (not shown in FIG. 3 ), and the coil 012 is fixed on the surface of the middle area 016 .
  • the coil 012 is located in the magnetic gap 017 of the permanent magnet 013. When the alternating current flows through the coil 012, under the action of the Lorentz force, the coil 012 drives the middle area 016 of the diaphragm 011 to vibrate, thereby emitting sound.
  • the vibrating components such as the middle region 016 of the diaphragm 011 can be called a vibration system, and the folding ears 014, edge regions 015, etc. can be called a support system.
  • support systems such as the folding ears 014 will generate an elastic restoring force on the middle region 016 .
  • the elastic restoring force changes with the vibration displacement of the middle region 016, and the system stiffness Kms of the speaker 01 can be obtained.
  • the vibration mass Mms and the system stiffness Kms determine the first-order resonant frequency of the vibration system of speaker 01.
  • the first-order resonant frequency fs is defined as:
  • the system stiffness Kms of speaker 01 mainly includes two aspects. On the one hand, it is the size of the rear cavity of the speaker, that is, the air stiffness Kb. Generally speaking, the larger the rear cavity is, the lower the air stiffness Kb is. On the contrary, the smaller the rear cavity is, the higher the air stiffness Kb is. On the other hand, the stiffness Ks of the folding ear 014 or other support systems is related to the Young's modulus, thickness and structural design of the folding ear 014 material.
  • the support system such as the folding ears 014 will generate an elastic restoring force on the middle region 016, and the elastic restoring force changes with the change of the vibration displacement of the middle region 016. Therefore, theoretically, by introducing a force that offsets the restoring force, the system stiffness Kms can be reduced, thereby reducing the first-order resonant frequency fs.
  • K represents the new system stiffness
  • Kb represents the introduced negative stiffness
  • the system stiffness of the speaker can be effectively reduced, which is beneficial to reducing the resonant frequency of the speaker, improving low-frequency sensitivity, etc.
  • the speaker 10 may include a housing 11, a diaphragm 12, a magnet assembly 13 and an electromagnetic assembly 14; the magnet assembly 13 and the electromagnetic assembly 14 may be understood as introduced A mechanism that can produce negative stiffness.
  • the magnetic field interacting between the magnet assembly 13 and the electromagnetic assembly 14 can also excite the diaphragm 12 to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the housing 11 has an accommodating cavity 100, and the diaphragm 12 is disposed in the accommodating cavity 100, and divides the accommodating cavity 100 into two cavities: a front cavity 101 and a rear cavity 102.
  • the diaphragm 12 includes a fixed area 121 and a vibration area 122.
  • the fixed area 121 is fixedly connected to the housing 11, and the vibration area 122 is used to be excited to generate vibration to push the surrounding air to produce sound.
  • the vibration zone 122 is connected to the fixed zone 121 through the folding ears 123.
  • the folding ears 123 can provide an elastic restoring force to drive the vibration zone 122 to return to its initial position.
  • the initial position of the vibration zone 122 is the vibration zone.
  • the vibration displacement of 122 is zero.
  • the magnet assembly 13 and the electromagnetic assembly 14 attract each other through magnetic force.
  • the magnet assembly 13 is fixed in the vibration zone 122 and the electromagnetic assembly 14 is fixed in the housing 11 .
  • the force exerted by the magnet assembly 13 and the electromagnetic assembly 14 on the vibration area 122 is zero.
  • the force exerted by the magnet assembly 13 and the electromagnetic assembly 14 on the vibration zone 122 is in the same direction as the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 .
  • the vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone 122 is the direction in which the initial position of the vibration zone 122 points to the vibration position of the vibration zone 122 .
  • the vibration position of the vibration zone can be understood as the position of the vibration zone at a certain moment when the vibration zone vibrates. For example, the vibration zone vibrates to an upward position deviating from the initial position.
  • the vibration area 122 may vibrate in a first vibration displacement direction or a second vibration displacement direction.
  • the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 is zero
  • the folding ears 123 do not produce elastic deformation. Therefore, the folding ears 123 do not generate a restoring force on the vibration zone 122 .
  • the magnetic force generated by the electromagnetic component 14 on the magnet component 13 is zero. Therefore, the external force generated by the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnet component 13 on the vibration zone 122 is zero.
  • the folding ear 123 When the vibration zone 122 is displaced along the first vibration displacement direction, the folding ear 123 will generate a restoring force along the second vibration displacement direction to the vibration zone 122, driving the vibration zone 122 to return to a position where the vibration displacement is zero.
  • the electromagnetic component 14 generates a magnetic force along the first vibration displacement direction to the magnet component 13, driving the vibration area 122 to move in the first vibration displacement direction, thereby offsetting part of the restoring force generated by the folding ears 123, thereby reducing the speaker 10 system stiffness.
  • the direction of the resultant force received by the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnet assembly 13 is always the same as the direction in which the vibration area 122 leaves the initial position, or the electromagnetic force received
  • the direction of the resultant force of the component 14 and the magnet component 13 is always opposite to the direction of the vibration zone 122 toward the initial position. This resultant force can offset part of the restoring force generated by the folding ears 123 , thereby reducing the system stiffness of the speaker 10 .
  • the electromagnetic component 14 can be fed with an alternating current, so that the electromagnetic component 14 generates an alternating magnetic field.
  • the magnetic field of the magnet component 13 interacts with the alternating magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic component 14 to cause the vibration zone 122 to be excited. vibration. That is, in the speaker 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application, the electromagnetic component 14 can interact with the magnet component 13 relying on magnetic field force to provide negative stiffness for the speaker 10 component, thereby reducing the system stiffness of the speaker 10 component.
  • the electromagnetic component 14 can interact with the magnet component 13 relying on magnetic field force, and can excite the vibration area 122 of the diaphragm 12 to vibrate and produce sound.
  • the electromagnetic component 14 since the electromagnetic component 14 is fixed to the housing 11, the heat generated by the electromagnetic component 14 can be effectively transferred to the housing 11, which helps to improve the heat dissipation effect of the electromagnetic component 14.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a frequency response comparison chart of different speakers.
  • the abscissa is frequency in Hz; the ordinate is sound pressure value in dB.
  • the solid line represents the frequency response curve of a conventional speaker, and the dotted line represents the frequency response curve of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application. It can be clearly seen from the comparison that the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application has a lower resonant frequency and better low-frequency sensitivity.
  • the magnetic attraction between the magnet assembly 13 and the electromagnetic assembly 14 means that when direct current or alternating current is supplied to the electromagnetic assembly 14, there is a mutual magnetic attraction force between the magnet assembly 13 and the electromagnetic assembly 14;
  • the magnet assembly 13 and the electromagnetic assembly 14 themselves can generate magnetic attraction;
  • the diaphragm 12 can also be generated. The force of vibration, thereby producing sound.
  • the magnet assembly 13 may be a permanent magnet
  • the electromagnetic assembly 14 may include a coil and a magnetic core.
  • the magnetic core can be attracted by the permanent magnet. Therefore, when no current flows through the coil, there is a magnetic attraction between the permanent magnet and the magnetic core. When a current is passed through the coil, a magnetic field will be generated that attracts the magnet assembly 13.
  • the magnetic core can be located in the magnetic circuit of the coil to enhance or guide the magnetic field. Among them, the magnetic circuit of the coil can be understood as the area where the magnetic field lines are denser in the magnetic field generated by the coil.
  • the magnetic core has good magnetic permeability, which can increase the magnetic induction intensity and magnetic flux density of the coil, so that the electromagnetic component 14 can generate greater magnetic force.
  • the magnetic core may be sintered from a variety of iron oxide mixtures. This application does not limit the specific material of the magnetic core.
  • the speaker 10 may have various structural types.
  • the outer shape of the housing 11 is generally a rectangular block shape.
  • the housing 11 may include an upper cover 111 and a lower cover 112 that are interlocked with each other.
  • the diaphragm 12 is fixed between the upper cover 111 and the lower cover 112 .
  • the edges of the upper cover 111, the edge of the lower cover 112, and the fixing area 121 of the diaphragm 12 have roughly the same shape and outline.
  • the fixing area 121 is clamped and fixed on the upper cover. 111 and lower cover 112.
  • the side wall of the upper cover 111 has a notch 1111
  • the side wall of the lower cover 112 has a notch 1121 .
  • the notch 1111 can be used as a sound outlet of the speaker 10
  • the notch 1121 can be used as a ventilation hole of the rear cavity.
  • the housing 11 can also have other shapes and structures, which is not limited in this application.
  • the area in the housing 11 may be made of magnetic material, so that the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic assembly 14 can be effectively enhanced or guided.
  • the area where the electromagnetic component 14 projects perpendicularly to the housing 11 may be made of magnetic material.
  • Other areas of the housing 11 may be made of plastic, metal or other materials.
  • the entire housing 11 may be made of magnetic material.
  • the materials of different areas of the housing 11 can be reasonably selected according to the actual situation, so that the housing 11 can effectively take into account the heat dissipation performance and magnetic permeability, which will not be described again here.
  • the electromagnetic assembly 14 when the electromagnetic assembly 14 is installed, the electromagnetic assembly 14 includes two coils and two magnetic cores. Specifically, the two coils are the first coil 141 and the second coil 142 respectively, and the two magnetic cores are the first magnetic core 143 and the second magnetic core 144 respectively.
  • the first magnetic core 143 is located in the magnetic circuit of the first coil 141
  • the second magnetic core 144 is located in the magnetic circuit of the second coil 142 .
  • the first coil 141 and the first magnetic core 143 are located in the first vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone 122 .
  • the second coil 142 and the second magnetic core 144 are located in the second vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone 122 .
  • the first coil 141 and the second coil 142 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the magnet assembly 13
  • the first magnetic core 143 and the second magnetic core 144 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the magnet assembly 13 .
  • the direction of the resultant force of F1 and F2 is consistent with the direction of the first vibration displacement.
  • the vibration zone 122 when the vibration zone 122 generates vibration displacement in the second vibration displacement direction, the magnet assembly 13 generates a displacement in the second vibration displacement direction, so that F1 decreases and F2 increases, that is, the resultant force direction of F1 and F2 is consistent with the second vibration displacement direction.
  • the displacement direction is consistent.
  • the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 when the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 is zero, the sum of the magnetic forces generated by the electromagnetic component 14 on the magnet component 13 is zero.
  • the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 is not zero, the direction of the magnetic force generated by the electromagnetic component 14 on the magnet component 13 is consistent with the direction of the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 .
  • the greater the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 is, the greater the magnetic force generated by the electromagnetic component 14 on the magnet component 13 is.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a data diagram showing the change of the resultant force of F1 and F2 with the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 .
  • the abscissa represents the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122, in mm; when the vibration displacement is greater than zero, it means that the vibration zone 122 has generated vibration displacement in the first vibration displacement direction; when the vibration displacement is less than zero, it means that the vibration zone 122 generates vibration displacement in the second vibration displacement direction.
  • the ordinate represents the electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic component 14 on the magnet component 13, and the unit is N; when the electromagnetic force is greater than zero, it represents that the direction of the resultant force of F1 and F2 is consistent with the first vibration displacement direction; when the electromagnetic force is less than zero, it represents F1 and the direction of the resultant force of F2 is the same as The second vibration displacement direction is consistent.
  • a data graph is also provided in which the negative stiffness of the electromagnetic assembly 14 and the magnet assembly 13 changes with the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 .
  • the abscissa represents the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122, in mm; when the vibration displacement is greater than zero, it means that the vibration zone 122 generates vibration displacement in the first vibration displacement direction; when the vibration displacement is less than zero, it means that the vibration zone 122 generates vibration displacement in the second vibration displacement direction.
  • the ordinate represents the negative stiffness provided by the electromagnetic assembly 14 and the magnet assembly 13, in N/mm.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a data diagram showing the change of the force in the vibration zone 122 with the vibration displacement.
  • the abscissa represents the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122, in mm; when the vibration displacement value of the vibration zone 122 is greater than zero, it means that the vibration zone 122 has produced a vibration displacement in the first vibration displacement direction.
  • the value of the vibration displacement When it is less than zero, it means that the vibration region 122 has generated vibration displacement in the second vibration displacement direction.
  • the ordinate represents the force in the vibration zone 122, in N; when the force value is greater than zero, the force direction is consistent with the first vibration displacement direction; when the force value is less than zero, the force direction is consistent with the second vibration displacement direction. Same direction.
  • S1 represents the data curve of the restoring force of the fold ear 123 on the vibrating area 122 as a function of the vibration displacement.
  • S2 represents the data curve of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic attraction component received by the vibration area 122 as a function of the vibration displacement. At this time, no current flows through the first coil 141 and the second coil 142 in the electromagnetic assembly 14 .
  • the restoring force generated by the fold ear 123 increases with the increase of the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122.
  • the magnetic attraction force between the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnet component 13 increases as the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 increases.
  • the magnetic attraction force between the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnet component 13 is smaller than the restoring force generated by the folding ear 123 .
  • a correction current can also be passed through the electromagnetic component 14 , which can be used to adjust the magnetic field force between the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnet component 13 .
  • some components in the speaker 10 may have manufacturing accuracy errors or assembly errors.
  • an unbalanced force may occur in the first vibration displacement direction and the second vibration displacement direction, affecting the sound quality performance of the speaker 10 .
  • a correction current can be passed through the electromagnetic assembly 14 .
  • the correction current may be a direct current.
  • the correction current flows into the electromagnetic component 14, a correction magnetic field can be generated.
  • S3 in Figure 10 indicates that after the first coil 141 and the second coil 142 in the electromagnetic assembly 14 are both supplied with 0.5 amps of direct current, the vibration area 122 receives the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic assembly 14 and the magnet assembly 13 with the vibration.
  • S4 represents the data curve of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnet component 13 received by the vibration zone 122 as a function of the vibration displacement after the first coil 141 and the second coil 142 in the electromagnetic component 14 are supplied with -0.5 A DC current.
  • a correction current can be passed into the electromagnetic component 14 to adjust the relationship between the electromagnetic component 14 and the Magnetic force between magnet assemblies 13.
  • the folding ears 123 will not produce elastic deformation, so as to ensure that when the diaphragm 12 is excited to vibrate, in the first vibration displacement direction and the second vibration displacement direction, the folding ears 123 provide Resilience is consistent.
  • correction current may also be passed through only the first coil 141 or the correction current may be passed through only the second coil 142, which will not be described again.
  • a data chart is also provided which shows how the measured forces of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnet component 13 on the vibration zone 122 change with the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 under different input powers of the electromagnetic component 14 .
  • the abscissa represents the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122, in mm; when the vibration displacement is greater than zero, it means that the vibration zone 122 has produced vibration displacement in the first vibration displacement direction; when the vibration displacement is less than zero, it means that the vibration zone 122 generates vibration displacement in the second vibration displacement direction.
  • the ordinate represents the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic attraction component received by the vibration area 122, and the unit is N.
  • S10 shows the data curve of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic suction component received by the vibration area 122 as the vibration displacement changes when the input power of the electromagnetic component is zero.
  • S11 represents the data curve of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic suction component received by the vibration area 122 as the vibration displacement changes when the input power of the electromagnetic component is 1 watt (W).
  • S12 represents the data curve of the change of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic suction component in the vibration area 122 with the vibration displacement when the input power of the electromagnetic component is 2 watts (W).
  • S13 represents the data curve of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic suction component received by the vibration area 122 as the vibration displacement changes when the input power of the electromagnetic component is 3 watts (W).
  • S14 represents the data curve of the change of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic suction component in the vibration area 122 with the vibration displacement when the input power of the electromagnetic component is 4 watts (W).
  • S15 represents the data curve of the change of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic suction component in the vibration area 122 with the vibration displacement when the input power of the electromagnetic component is 5 watts (W).
  • S16 represents the data curve of the change of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic suction component in the vibration area 122 with the vibration displacement when the input power of the electromagnetic component is 6 watts (W).
  • S17 represents the data curve of the change of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic suction component in the vibration area 122 with the vibration displacement when the input power of the electromagnetic component is 7 watts (W).
  • the specific magnitude of the correction current may be set before the speaker 10 leaves the factory.
  • the manufacturer can perform force testing or debugging on the magnet assembly 13 or the folding ears 123 to ensure that the magnetic force between the electromagnetic assembly 14 and the magnet assembly 13 is zero (or the folding ears 123 do not produce elastic deformation).
  • a detection device can also be provided in the speaker 10. During the use of the speaker 10 (after leaving the factory), the force of components such as the folding ears 123 can be detected to ensure that the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnet component 13 are properly connected. The magnetic force between them is zero.
  • the specific type and detection method of the detection device can be reasonably set according to actual needs, which is not limited in this application.
  • the shapes of the first magnetic core 143 and the first coil 141 may be diverse.
  • the first magnetic core 143 includes a first inner core 1431 and a first outer core 1432 , and the first inner core 1431 is located between the first coil 141 and the first inner core 1431 .
  • the first outer core 1432 is located in the outer ring of the first coil 141.
  • the structure composed of the first coil 141, the first inner core 1431 and the first outer core 1432 can produce Larger magnetic field.
  • the first coil 141 has a circular annular structure
  • the first inner core 1431 has a disk shape
  • the first outer core 1432 has a circular ring shape.
  • the first coil 141 may be an elliptical ring
  • the first inner core 1431 may be an elliptical sheet
  • the first outer core 1432 may be an elliptical ring or other shapes.
  • the first coil 141 may be an elliptical ring. 141.
  • the specific shapes of the first inner core 1431 and the first outer core 1432 are not limited.
  • first inner core 1431 or the first outer core 1432 can also be omitted, which will not be described again here.
  • the second magnetic core 144 may include a second inner core 1441 and a second outer core 1442.
  • the second inner core 1441 may be located in the inner ring of the second coil 142
  • the second outer core 1442 may be located in the second coil. 142 outer ring.
  • first coil 141 and the second coil 142 may be the same or substantially the same; the second magnetic core 144 may be the same or substantially the same as the first magnetic core 143, which will not be described in detail here.
  • the coil and the magnetic core can be located on the same plane, and the plane can be parallel to the diaphragm, which can effectively reduce the height and size of the structure composed of the coil and the magnetic core, which is helpful.
  • the first coil 141 and the first magnetic core 143 are located on the same plane.
  • the same plane refers to a rough plane, and the plane may have a certain thickness. Specifically, it refers to that the first coil 141 and the first magnetic core 143 do not have an obviously protruding structure in the direction perpendicular to the plane. Or a larger size.
  • the height of the structure composed of the first coil 141 and the first magnetic core 143 is smaller, which can reduce the space in the vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone 122 occupancy, thereby helping to reduce the height dimension of the speaker 10.
  • arranging the first coil 141 and the first magnetic core 143 on the same plane can effectively reduce the height dimension of the speaker 10.
  • the magnet assembly 13 may be a permanent magnet.
  • the magnet assembly 13 is an annular permanent magnet.
  • the polar direction of the magnet assembly 13 is consistent with the radial direction.
  • the N pole of the magnet assembly 13 can be located in the inner ring of the annular shape, and the S pole can be located in the outer ring.
  • the N pole is located in the inner ring and the S pole is located in the inner ring.
  • the N pole of the magnet assembly 13 is located in the outer ring, and the S pole is located in the inner ring.
  • the polar direction of the structure composed of the first coil 141, the first inner core 1431 and the first outer core 1432 is as shown in Figure 12, that is, the S pole is located at the There is an inner core 1431, and the N pole is located at the first outer core 1432.
  • the polar direction of the structure composed of the second coil 142, the second inner core 1441 and the second outer core 1442 is as shown in Figure 12, that is, the N pole is located at the first inner core 1431, and the S pole is located at the first outer core 1432. It can be seen from the fact that like poles repel each other and opposite poles attract each other, the magnetic field force received by the magnet assembly 13 at this time is directed towards the second coil 142 .
  • the shape of the magnet assembly 13 may also be a bar shape, a disc shape, an elliptical ring shape, etc., which will not be described again here.
  • the magnet assembly 13 may be one permanent magnet, or may be composed of multiple permanent magnets.
  • the magnet assembly 13 may be composed of two permanent magnets, and the two permanent magnets are permanent magnet a and permanent magnet b respectively.
  • the permanent magnet a and the permanent magnet b are both in the shape of a semicircular ring, and the permanent magnet a and the permanent magnet b can be enclosed in a circular ring shape.
  • permanent magnet a and permanent magnet b can be fixedly connected by bonding or other methods.
  • the magnet assembly 13 may also include three or more permanent magnets, and the number and shape of the permanent magnets are not limited in this application.
  • the magnet assembly 13 can be fixed on the surface of the vibration zone 122 and the electromagnetic assembly 14 can be fixed in the housing 11 .
  • the positions of the magnet assembly 13 and the electromagnetic assembly 14 may also be interchanged.
  • the electromagnetic component 14 can be fixed on the surface of the vibration zone 122, and the magnet component can be fixed in the housing 11, thereby helping to reduce the electromagnetic
  • the height dimension of the structure composed of the component 14 and the diaphragm 12 that is, the dimension parallel to the vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone 122).
  • the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic component 14 can not only cover the diaphragm 12, but also have effective magnetic field intensity in the first vibration displacement direction or the second vibration displacement direction. Therefore, it helps to reduce the damage of the electromagnetic component 14. height dimensions.
  • the coil 145 in the electromagnetic assembly 14 is not disposed on the surface of the diaphragm 12, the coil 145 needs to extend into the magnetic gap of the magnet assembly (the first permanent magnet 131 in Figure 14), and, Within the amplitude range of the vibration zone 122, the coil 145 needs to be always in the magnetic gap, otherwise the Lorentz force between the coil 145 and the first permanent magnet 131 will fail and the vibration zone 122 cannot be effectively driven to vibrate and produce sound. Therefore, the electromagnetic component 14 is fixed on the surface of the vibration zone 122 , and the magnet component is fixed in the housing 11 , thereby helping to reduce the height dimension of the structure composed of the electromagnetic component 14 and the diaphragm 12 .
  • the magnet assembly 13 may include a first permanent magnet 131 and a second permanent magnet 132 .
  • the first permanent magnet 131 is located in the first vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone 122
  • the second permanent magnet 132 is located in the first vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone 122
  • the magnet 132 is located in the second vibration displacement direction of the vibration zone 122 .
  • the electromagnetic assembly 14 includes a coil 145 and a magnetic core 146 disposed in a magnetic circuit of the coil 145 .
  • the magnetic core 146 includes an inner core 1461 and an outer core 1462.
  • the inner core 1461 is located on the inner ring of the coil 145
  • the outer core 1462 is located on the outer ring of the coil 145.
  • the magnetic core may include a first magnetic core 143 and a second magnetic core 144
  • the coils may include a first coil 141, a second coil 142, and a third coil. 147 and the fourth coil 148.
  • the magnet assembly 13 is an annular permanent magnet
  • the first magnetic core 143 is U-shaped
  • the first coil 141 and the second coil 142 are respectively wound around two opposite cantilevers of the first magnetic core 143
  • the second magnetic core 144 is U-shaped
  • the third coil 147 and the fourth coil 148 are respectively wound on two opposite cantilevers of the second magnetic core 144 .
  • the first magnetic core 143 is located on the first side of the diaphragm 12 (the left side in FIG. 16 )
  • the second magnetic core 144 is located on the second side of the diaphragm 12 (the right side in FIG. 16 ).
  • the first side and the second side are away from each other, and the U-shaped openings of the first magnetic core 143 and the second magnetic core 144 are arranged facing each other, thereby helping to reduce the height dimension of the speaker 10 .
  • the projection of the first coil 141 , the second coil 142 , the third coil 147 and the fourth coil 148 on the plane where the diaphragm 12 is located does not overlap with the diaphragm 12 , thus helping to ensure the maximum vibration of the diaphragm 12 . vibration displacement.
  • the first coil 141, the second coil 142, the third coil 147 and the fourth coil 148 will not occupy the vibration displacement space of the vibration zone 122. Therefore, between the two opposite cantilevers of the first magnetic core 143 The distance between them can be set relatively small.
  • the distance between the two opposite cantilevers of the second magnetic core 144 can be set relatively small, thereby helping to reduce the height dimension of the speaker 10 .
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a data graph showing the changes in the forces exerted by the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnet component 13 on the vibration zone 122 as a function of the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122 .
  • the abscissa represents the vibration displacement of the vibration zone 122, in mm; when the vibration displacement is greater than zero, it means that the vibration zone 122 has produced vibration displacement in the first vibration displacement direction; when the vibration displacement is less than zero, it means that the vibration zone 122 generates vibration displacement in the second vibration displacement direction.
  • the ordinate represents the electromagnetic component 14 and magnetic attraction received by the vibration zone 122.
  • the magnetic attraction force of the component in N.
  • S5 represents the data curve of the change of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic attraction component received by the vibration area 122 with the vibration displacement. At this time, no current flows through the electromagnetic components 14 .
  • S6 in Figure 17 shows the data curve of the change of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic suction component in the vibration area 122 with the vibration displacement after 1.4 amps of direct current is passed into the electromagnetic component 14.
  • S7 represents the data curve of the change of the magnetic attraction force of the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnetic suction component in the vibration area 122 with the vibration displacement after -1.4 ampere direct current is passed into the electromagnetic component 14 . It can be seen from Figure 17 that there is good magnetic attraction between the electromagnetic component 14 and the magnet component 13.
  • the speaker 10 may further include a control circuit.
  • the control circuit is signal-connected to the electromagnetic component 14 for effectively controlling the current of the electromagnetic component 14 .
  • the current may be a correction current, an alternating current used to vibrate the diaphragm 12 to produce sound, or a superposition of the correction current and the alternating current.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种扬声器和电子设备，涉及声学技术领域，以解决扬声器系统刚度较大的技术问题。本申请提供的扬声器包括壳体，位于壳体内的振膜、磁体组件和电磁组件；振膜包括固定区和振动区，固定区与壳体固定连接，振动区用于被激发产生振动发声；磁体组件和电磁组件通过磁力相互吸引，磁体组件固定在振动区，电磁组件固定在壳体内；当振膜的振动区位于初始位置时，磁体组件和电磁组件对振动区的作用力为零；在振动区振动的过程中，磁体组件和电磁组件对振动区的作用力与振动区的振动位移方向相同。本申请实施例提供的扬声器中，电磁组件可以与磁体组件依靠磁场力相互作用，为扬声器组件提供负刚度，从而降低扬声器组件的系统刚度。

Description

一种扬声器和电子设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年06月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210770809.7、申请名称为“一种扬声器和电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及声学技术领域，尤其涉及一种扬声器和电子设备。
背景技术
扬声器是一种把电信号转变为声信号的换能器件，被广泛的应用在多种不同类型的电子设备中。例如，扬声器可以被应用在笔记本电脑、手机或耳机等电子设备中。扬声器性能的优劣对音质的影响较大，也影响着用户的听觉感受。用于评价扬声器的音质的参数有很多。例如，谐振频率和低频灵敏度。扬声器主要依靠振膜的振动推动空气振动而产生声音，振膜的刚度较大时，会增加扬声器的系统刚度，导致扬声器的谐振频率较高，低频灵敏度较差。另外，随着电子设备的小型化设计，扬声器的体积也在不断的减小。当扬声器的体积变小后，也会增加扬声器的系统刚度。因此，如何降低扬声器的系统刚度成为了亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种能够实现较小系统刚度的扬声器和电子设备。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种扬声器，可以包括壳体、振膜、磁体组件和电磁组件。壳体具有容纳腔，振膜设置在容纳腔内，并且将容纳腔分隔为前腔和后腔两个腔体。其中，振膜包括固定区和振动区，固定区与壳体固定连接，振动区用于被激发产生振动从而推动周围空气发声。振动区通过折耳与固定区连接，振动区被激发产生振动位移时，折耳能够提供弹性恢复力，驱使振动区恢复至初始位置，振动区的初始位置即振动区的振动位移为零的位置。磁体组件和电磁组件通过磁力相互吸引，磁体组件固定在振动区，电磁组件固定在壳体内。当振膜的振动区位于初始位置(即振动位移为零)时，磁体组件和电磁组件对振动区的作用力为零。在振动区振动的过程中(即振动位移不为零时)，磁体组件和电磁组件对振动区的作用力与振动区的振动位移方向相同。其中，振动区的振动位移方向为振动区的初始位置指向振动区的振动位置的方向。其中，振动区的振动位置可以理解为，振动区振动时，振动区在某一时刻所处的位置。例如振动区振动至偏离初始位置向上的位置。上述提到的磁体组件和电磁组件对振动区的作用力不包括用于驱动振动区振动发声的作用力。或者可以理解的是，该作用力中不包括电磁组件中通入的交变电流时所产生的力。
本申请实施例提供的扬声器中，电磁组件可以与磁体组件依靠磁场力相互作用，为扬声器组件提供负刚度，从而降低扬声器组件的系统刚度。另外，电磁组件中通入交变电流后，电磁组件可以与磁体组件依靠磁场力相互作用，可以激发振膜的振动区振动进行发声。另外，在实际应用中，由于电磁组件固定在壳体，因此，电磁组件产生的热量可以有效的传递至壳体中，有助于提升电磁组件的散热效果。
在一种示例中，磁体组件可以为永磁体。具体的，可以包括一整块永磁体，也可以包括至少两块永磁体。
例如，磁体组件可以是环形的永磁体，磁体组件的极向与磁体组件的径向可以一致。从而有助于提升磁体组件与电磁组件之间的磁力的稳定性。
当然，在其他的示例中，磁体组件的形状也可以是条形、圆片形或椭圆环形等，在此不作赘述。
在一种示例中，电磁组件可以包括线圈和磁芯，磁芯可以位于线圈的磁回路中，用于增强或引导线圈所产生的磁场，以保证电磁组件和磁体组件之间的作用力。
在实际应用中，振动区位于初始位置时，磁体组件和磁芯之间的磁力总和可以为零。即当电磁组件未通电时，磁体组件与电磁组件中的磁芯之间的磁力总和可以为零。
或者，在线圈中可以通有矫正电流，振动区位于初始位置时，电磁组件和磁体组件之间的磁力总和为零。例如，扬声器中的一些部件可能存在制作精度误差或者装配误差，导致振动区的振动位移为零时， 磁体组件和磁芯对振膜产生的合力不为零，从而会使折耳产生弹性形变。当振膜被激发产生振动时，在第一振动位移方向和第二振动位移方向会出现受力不平衡的问题，影响扬声器的音质表现。因此，可以在电磁组件中通入矫正电流。当电磁组件中通入矫正电流后，能够产生矫正磁场，以使振动区的振动位移为零时，折耳不会产生弹性形变。
在具体应用时，扬声器还可以包括控制电路，控制电路可以与电磁组件信号连接，用于对电磁组件的电流进行有效控制。需要说明的是，该电流可以是矫正电流，也可以是用于使振膜振动发声的交变电流，或者，也可以是矫正电流与交变电流的叠加。
在一种示例中，线圈可以包括第一线圈和第二线圈，磁芯可以包括第一磁芯和第二磁芯，第一磁芯可以位于第一线圈的磁回路中，第二磁芯可以位于第二线圈的磁回路中。
在具体设置时，第一线圈和第一磁芯位于振动区的第一振动位移方向上，第二线圈和第二磁芯位于振动区的第二振动位移方向上，其中，第一振动位移方向与第二振动位移方向相反。
在一种示例中，第一磁芯可以包括第一内芯和第一外芯，第一内芯可以位于第一线圈的内环，第一外芯可以位于第一线圈的外环，以使第一磁芯能够有效的增强或引导第一线圈所产生的磁场。
在一种示例中，第二磁芯可以包括第二内芯和第二外芯，第二内芯可以位于第二线圈的内环，第二外芯可以位于第二线圈的外环，以使第二磁芯能够有效的增强或引导第二线圈所产生的磁场。
在具体实施时，线圈和磁芯可以位于同一个平面，且该平面平行于振膜，从而可以有效降低线圈和磁芯在振动的振动区的振动位移方向上的空间占用量(即高度尺寸)，有助于减小整个扬声器的高度尺寸。
或者，在一种示例中，磁体组件可以固定于振动区，电磁组件可以固定于壳体。磁芯可以包括第一磁芯和第二磁芯，线圈可以包括第一线圈、第二线圈、第三线圈和第四线圈。
其中，第一磁芯可以为U形，第一线圈和第二线圈分别绕设在第一磁芯的相对的两个悬臂。第二磁芯可以为U形，第三线圈和第四线圈分别绕设在第二磁芯的相对的两个悬臂。第一磁芯位于振膜的第一侧边，第二磁芯位于振膜的第二侧边。其中，第一侧边和第二侧边相背离，且第一磁芯和第二磁芯的U形口相向设置，从而有助于降低扬声器的高度尺寸。
在具体设置时，第一线圈、第二线圈、第三线圈和第四线圈在振膜所在平面的投影与振膜不交叠，从而有助于保证振膜的最大振动位移，另外，也有助于有效降低扬声器的高度尺寸。
或者，在一种示例中，磁体组件和电磁组件的位置也可以互换。
例如，在本申请提供的另一种扬声器中，可以包括壳体、振膜、磁体组件和电磁组件。壳体具有容纳腔，振膜设置在容纳腔内，并且将容纳腔分隔为前腔和后腔两个腔体。其中，振膜包括固定区和振动区，固定区与壳体固定连接，振动区用于被激发产生振动从而推动周围空气发声。振动区通过折耳与固定区连接，振动区被激发产生振动位移时，折耳能够提供弹性恢复力，驱使振动区恢复至初始位置，振动区的初始位置即振动区的振动位移为零的位置。磁体组件和电磁组件通过磁力相互吸引，电磁组件固定在振动区，磁体组件固定在壳体内。当振膜的振动区位于初始位置(即振动位移为零)时，磁体组件和电磁组件对振动区的作用力为零。在振动区振动的过程中(即振动位移不为零时)，磁体组件和电磁组件对振动区的作用力与振动区的振动位移方向相同。其中，振动区的振动位移方向为振动区的初始位置指向振动区的振动位置的方向。其中，振动区的振动位置可以理解为，振动区振动时，振动区在某一时刻所处的位置。例如振动区振动至偏离初始位置向上的位置。上述提到的磁体组件和电磁组件对振动区的作用力不包括用于驱动振动区振动发声的作用力。或者可以理解的是，该作用力中不包括电磁组件中通入的交变电流时所产生的力。
本申请实施例提供的扬声器中，电磁组件可以与磁体组件依靠磁场力相互作用，为扬声器组件提供负刚度，从而降低扬声器组件的系统刚度。另外，电磁组件中通入交变电流后，电磁组件可以与磁体组件依靠磁场力相互作用，可以激发振膜的振动区振动进行发声。
在一种示例中，磁体组件可以为永磁体。具体的，可以包括一整块永磁体，也可以包括至少两块永磁体。
例如，磁体组件可以是环形的永磁体，磁体组件的极向与磁体组件的径向可以一致。从而有助于提升磁体组件与电磁组件之间的磁力的稳定性。
当然，在其他的示例中，磁体组件的形状也可以是条形、圆片形或椭圆环形等，在此不作赘述。
在一种示例中，电磁组件可以包括线圈和磁芯，磁芯可以位于线圈的磁回路中，用于增强或引导线 圈所产生的磁场，以保证电磁组件和磁体组件之间的作用力。
在实际应用中，振动区位于初始位置时，磁体组件和磁芯之间的磁力总和可以为零。即当电磁组件未通电时，磁体组件与电磁组件中的磁芯之间的磁力总和可以为零。
或者，在线圈中可以通有矫正电流，振动区位于初始位置时，电磁组件和磁体组件之间的磁力总和为零。例如，扬声器中的一些部件可能存在制作精度误差或者装配误差，导致振动区的振动位移为零时，磁体组件和磁芯对振膜产生的合力不为零，从而会使折耳产生弹性形变。当振膜被激发产生振动时，在第一振动位移方向和第二振动位移方向会出现受力不平衡的问题，影响扬声器的音质表现。因此，可以在电磁组件中通入矫正电流。当电磁组件中通入矫正电流后，能够产生矫正磁场，以使振动区的振动位移为零时，折耳不会产生弹性形变。
在具体应用时，扬声器还可以包括控制电路，控制电路可以与电磁组件信号连接，用于对电磁组件的电流进行有效控制。需要说明的是，该电流可以是矫正电流，也可以是用于使振膜振动发声的交变电流，或者，也可以是矫正电流与交变电流的叠加。
在一种示例中，磁体组件可以包括第一永磁体和第二永磁体，第一永磁体位于振动区的第一振动位移方向上，第二永磁体位于振动区的第二振动位移方向上。其中，第一振动位移方向与第二振动位移方向相反。
在具体实施时，线圈和磁芯可以位于同一个平面，且该平面平行于振膜，从而可以有效降低线圈和磁芯在振动的振动区的振动位移方向上的空间占用量(即高度尺寸)，有助于减小整个扬声器的高度尺寸。
在具体设置时，可以根据不同需求对磁体组件和电磁组件的设置位置进行适应性调整，具有较好的灵活性。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种电子设备，可以包括控制器和上述任一种扬声器，控制器可以与扬声器中的电磁组件信号连接，而可以对通入电磁组件的电流进行有效控制。
其中，电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、音箱或耳机等，本申请对电子设备的具体类型不作限制。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种手机的立体结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种音频信号的处理过程示意图；
图3为一种常规的动圈式扬声器的部分结构的截面图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种扬声器的立体结构示意图；
图5为图4中沿A面的剖面结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种扬声器的频响数据图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种扬声器的分解结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种电磁组件和磁体组件对振动区的作用力随振动区的振动位移变化的数据图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种电磁组件和磁体组件的负刚度随振动区的振动位移变化的数据图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种振动区的受力随振动位移变化的数据图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种电磁组件在不同输入功率下，振动区受到的电磁组件和磁体组件的作用力随振动区的振动位移变化的数据图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种扬声器的剖面结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种磁体组件的平面结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的另一种扬声器的剖面结构示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的另一种扬声器的分解结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种扬声器的部分结构的立体结构示意图；
图17为本申请实施例提供的振动区受到的电磁组件和磁体组件的作用力随振动区的振动位移变化的数据图；
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
为了方便理解本申请实施例提供的扬声器，下面首先介绍一下其应用场景。
如图1所示，示出了一种手机的立体结构示意图。扬声器可以应用在手机中，具体来说，扬声器可以设置在手机的顶部，或者手机的底端等位置。当然，在实际应用中，扬声器也可以应用在平板电脑、音响、耳机或电视等电子设备中，本申请对扬声器的具体应用场景不作限制。
扬声器是一种电-声换能器件，能够将电信号转化为声信号进行播放。
如图2所示，示出了一种音频信号的处理过程。
模拟信号(如人声或自然界的声波)可以通过输入设备(如麦克风)进行录制，并通过声卡1将模拟信号转换为电信号，最后可以将电信号作为音频文件储存至存储设备中。
进一步的，电信号可以通过声卡2转换为模拟信号，并通过输出设备(如扬声器)转化为模拟信号进行播放。
在实际应用中，从驱动力的不同进行区分时，扬声器可以分为动圈式、动铁式、压电式和静电式等类型。但是，不同类型的扬声器的发声原理均是通过振膜振动推动附近空气振动而产生声音。
如图3所示，示出了一种常规的动圈式扬声器01的部分结构的截面图。扬声器01可以包括振膜011、线圈012和永磁体013。振膜011具有折耳014，折耳014将振膜分隔为用于固定的边缘区域015和用于振动的中间区域016。振膜011的边缘区域015通常与扬声器01的外壳(图3中未示出)固定连接，线圈012固定在中间区域016的表面。线圈012位于用永磁体013的磁隙017，当线圈012中通交变电流时，在洛伦兹力的作用下，线圈012带动振膜011的中间区域016进行振动，从而发出声音。
对振膜011进行受力分析，可求出其振动方程如下：
在扬声器01中，振膜011的中间区域016等振动的部件可以称为振动系统，折耳014、边缘区域015等可以称为支撑系统。在振动系统中，参与振动部分的重量、由声辐射反射作用产生的等效声质量统称为扬声器01的振动重量Mms。当振膜011的中间区域016产生振动，并偏离初始位置(或振动位移不为零时的位置)时，折耳014等支撑系统会对中间区域016产生弹性恢复力。该弹性恢复力随中间区域016振动位移的变化而变化，可以得到扬声器01的系统刚度Kms。振动质量Mms和系统刚度Kms决定着扬声器01的振动系统的一阶谐振频率，该一阶谐振频率fs定义为：
从上式可知，更小的系统刚度Kms和更大的振动质量Mms有助于降低一阶谐振频率fs，能够使扬声器01得到更高的低频输出性能。
其中，扬声器01的系统刚度Kms主要包括两方面。一方面是扬声器的后腔的大小，即空气刚度Kb。通常情况下，后腔越大空气刚度Kb越低，相反的，后腔越小空气刚度Kb越高。另一方面是折耳014或其他支撑系统的刚度Ks，这与折耳014的材料的杨氏模量、厚度以及结构设计有关。
由于Kms＝Kb+Ks，因此，当扬声器01的后腔越大时，越有助于降低系统刚度Kms。但是，随着电子设备的小型化，扬声器01的体积也变得越来越小，因此，后腔的也就越小，空气刚度Kb很难再降低。对于支撑系统的刚度Ks，因为材料技术约束，再降低就会带来一系列可靠性问题和非线性问题。因此，基于目前的材料技术，难以在支撑系统的刚度Ks上作进一步优化。
由于当振膜011的中间区域016产生振动，并偏离初始位置时，折耳014等支撑系统会对中间区域016产生弹性恢复力，并且该弹性恢复力随中间区域016振动位移的变化而变化。因此，理论上通过引入一个与该恢复力抵消的力，便可以降低系统刚度Kms，从而降低一阶谐振频率fs。
因此，对振膜011进行受力分析，可求出其振动方程如下：
通过对比式(1)和式(3)可知，在式(3)中引入了与恢复力相抵消的力Fmag(x)。
由：
Fmag(x)＝Kb(x)x                 (4)
通过式(3)和式(4)可以推导得出：

K＝Kms(x)x-Kb(x)                     (6)
其中，K表示新的系统刚度，Kb表示引入的负刚度。
在本申请提供的扬声器中，通过引入能产生负刚度的机构，可以有效降低扬声器的系统刚度，从而有利于降低扬声器的谐振频率、提升低频灵敏度等。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图和具体实施例对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
以下实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”旨在也包括例如“一个或多个”这种表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。还应当理解，在本申请以下各实施例中，“至少一个”是指一个、两个或两个以上。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施方式中”、“在另外的实施方式中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
如图4和图5所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，扬声器10可以包括壳体11、振膜12、磁体组件13和电磁组件14；磁体组件13和电磁组件14可以理解为引入的能产生负刚度的机构。另外，磁体组件13和电磁组件14之间相互作用的磁场还能激发振膜12振动而发声。具体来说，壳体11具有容纳腔100，振膜12设置在容纳腔100内，并且将容纳腔100分隔为前腔101和后腔102两个腔体。其中，振膜12包括固定区121和振动区122，固定区121与壳体11固定连接，振动区122用于被激发产生振动从而推动周围空气发声。振动区122通过折耳123与固定区121连接，振动区122被激发产生振动位移时，折耳123能够提供弹性恢复力，驱使振动区122恢复至初始位置，振动区122的初始位置即振动区122的振动位移为零的位置。磁体组件13和电磁组件14通过磁力相互吸引，磁体组件13固定在振动区122，电磁组件14固定在壳体11内。当振膜12的振动区122位于初始位置(即振动位移为零)时，磁体组件13和电磁组件14对振动区122的作用力为零。在振动区122振动的过程中(即振动位移不为零时)，磁体组件13和电磁组件14对振动区122的作用力与振动区122的振动位移方向相同。其中，振动区122的振动位移方向为振动区122的初始位置指向振动区122的振动位置的方向。振动区的振动位置可以理解为，振动区振动时，振动区在某一时刻所处的位置。例如振动区振动至偏离初始位置向上的位置。
例如，当振膜12被激发产生振动时，振动区122可以向第一振动位移方向或第二振动位移方向产生振动位移。当振动区122的振动位移为零时，折耳123没有产生弹性形变，因此，折耳123不会对振动区122产生恢复力。另外，电磁组件14对磁体组件13产生的磁力为零，因此，电磁组件14和磁体组件13对振动区122所产生的外力为零。当振动区122存在沿第一振动位移方向的位移后，折耳123会对振动区122产生沿第二振动位移方向的恢复力，驱使振动区122恢复至振动位移为零的位置。同时，电磁组件14对磁体组件13产生沿第一振动位移方向的磁力，驱使振动区122向第一振动位移方向产生位移，从而能够抵消一部分折耳123所产生的恢复力，从而能够降低扬声器10的系统刚度。或者可以理解的是，振膜12的振动区122在振动的过程中，所受到的电磁组件14和磁体组件13的合力方向始终与振动区122离开初始位置的方向相同，或者，所受到的电磁组件14和磁体组件13的合力方向始终与振动区122朝向初始位置的方向相反，该合力能够抵消一部分折耳123所产生的恢复力，从而能够降低扬声器10的系统刚度。
在实际应用中，电磁组件14可以被通入交变电流，以使电磁组件14产生交变磁场，磁体组件13的磁场与电磁组件14产生的交变磁场相互作用，使振动区122被激发产生振动。即本申请实施例提供的扬声器10中，电磁组件14可以与磁体组件13依靠磁场力相互作用，为扬声器10组件提供负刚度，从而降低扬声器10组件的系统刚度。另外，电磁组件14中通入交变电流后，电磁组件14可以与磁体组件13依靠磁场力相互作用，可以激发振膜12的振动区122振动进行发声。另外，在实际应用中，由于电磁组件14与壳体11固定，因此，电磁组件14产生的热量可以有效的传递至壳体11中，有助于提升电磁组件14的散热效果。
如图6所示，本申请实施例还提供了不同扬声器频响对比图。
图6中，横坐标为频率，单位为Hz；纵坐标为声压值，单位为dB。实线表示常规的扬声器的频响曲线，虚线表示本申请实施例提供的扬声器的频响曲线。通过对比可以明显看出，本申请实施例提供的扬声器的谐振频率更低，并且低频灵敏度更好。
另外，需要说明的是，磁体组件13和电磁组件14相互磁吸指的是：电磁组件14中通入直流电或交流电时，磁体组件13与电磁组件14之间均存在相互磁吸的作用力；或者，电磁组件14中未通入电流或通入交流电时，磁体组件13与电磁组件14之间均存在相互磁吸的作用力。具体来说，当未通入电流或者通入直流电时，磁体组件13与电磁组件14本身即可产生磁吸力；当通入交流电的时候，除了产生上述磁吸力外，还能够产生使振膜12振动的力，从而产生声音。例如，磁体组件13可以为永磁体，电磁组件14中可以包括线圈和磁芯。磁芯能够被永磁体吸附，因此，在线圈中未通入电流时，永磁体与磁芯之间存在磁吸力。当线圈中通入电流后会产生与磁体组件13相吸的磁场，磁芯可以位于线圈的磁回路中，用于增强或引导磁场。其中，线圈的磁回路可以理解为线圈所产生的磁场中磁感线较为密集的区域。磁芯具有较好的磁导率，可增加线圈的磁感应强度和磁通量密度，以使电磁组件14能产生较大的磁力。在实际应用中，磁芯可以是由多种氧化铁混合物烧结而成，本申请对磁芯的具体材质不作限制。
在具体应用时，扬声器10的结构类型可以是多样的。
如图4和图5所示，在对壳体11进行设置时，壳体11的外形大致为矩形块状。具体的，壳体11可以包括相互扣合的上盖111和下盖112。其中，振膜12固定在上盖111和下盖112之间。具体的，上盖111的边缘、下盖112的边缘以及振膜12的固定区121的形状轮廓大致相同，当上盖111和下盖112固定连接后，固定区121被夹紧固定在上盖111和下盖112之间。上盖111的侧壁具有缺口1111，下盖112的侧壁具有缺口1121。在实际应用中，缺口1111可以作为扬声器10的出声孔，缺口1121可以作为后腔的透气孔。可以理解的是，在其他的实施方式中，壳体11也可以是其他的形状结构，本申请对此不作限定。
另外，在有些实施方式中，壳体11中的至少部分区域可以是由磁性材料制成的，从而可以对电磁组件14产生的磁场进行有效的增强或引导。例如，在电磁组件14垂直投影至壳体11的区域，可以由磁性材料制成。在壳体11的其他区域可以是由塑料或金属等材料制成。或者，整个壳体11可以由磁性材料制成。当然，在对壳体11进行具体设置时，可以根据实际情况对壳体11的不同区域的材质进行合理选择，以使壳体11能够有效的兼顾散热性能和磁导率，在此不作赘述。
另外，如图5和图7所示，在对电磁组件14进行设置时，电磁组件14中包括两个线圈和两个磁芯。具体的，两个线圈分别为第一线圈141和第二线圈142，两个磁芯分别为第一磁芯143和第二磁芯144。第一磁芯143位于第一线圈141的磁回路中，第二磁芯144位于第二线圈142的磁回路中。第一线圈141和第一磁芯143位于振动区122的第一振动位移方向上。第二线圈142和第二磁芯144位于振动区122的第二振动位移方向上。或者可以理解的是，第一线圈141和第二线圈142关于磁体组件13对称设置，第一磁芯143和第二磁芯144关于磁体组件13对称设置。
当振动区122的振动位移为零时，第一线圈141、第一磁芯143对磁体组件13产生的磁吸力为F1，第二线圈142、第二磁芯144对磁体组件13产生的磁吸力为F2。其中，F1和F2的大小几乎相同，方向相反，即F1和F2的合力几乎为零。当振动区122朝第一振动位移方向产生振动位移后，磁体组件13朝第一振动位移方向产生了位移，使得磁体组件13更加靠近第一线圈141和第一磁芯143，并远离第二线圈142和第二磁芯144，因此，F1增加，F2减小。即F1和F2的合力方向与第一振动位移方向一致。相应的，当振动区122朝第二振动位移方向产生振动位移后，磁体组件13朝第二振动位移方向产生了位移，使得F1减小，F2增加，即F1和F2的合力方向与第二振动位移方向一致。概括来说，当振动区122的振动位移为零时，电磁组件14对磁体组件13产生的磁力的总和为零。当振动区122的振动位移不为零时，电磁组件14对磁体组件13产生的磁力的方向与振动区122的振动位移方向一致。另外，振动区122的振动位移越大，电磁组件14对磁体组件13产生的磁力也就越大。
例如，如图8所示，本申请实施例还提供了一种F1和F2的合力随振动区122的振动位移变化的数据图。图8中，横坐标表示振动区122的振动位移，单位为mm；当振动位移大于零时，表示振动区122朝第一振动位移方向产生了振动位移，当振动位移小于零时，表示振动区122朝第二振动位移方向产生了振动位移。纵坐标表示电磁组件14对磁体组件13产生的电磁力，单位为N；当电磁力大于零时，表示F1和F2的合力方向与第一振动位移方向一致，当电磁力小于零时，表示F1和F2的合力方向与 第二振动位移方向一致。
从图中可以看出，当振动区122的振动位移为零时，电磁组件14和磁体组件13之间的磁吸力为零。当振动区122的振动位移增加时，电磁组件14和磁体组件13之间的磁吸力明显增加。
另外，如图9所示，还提供了电磁组件14和磁体组件13的负刚度随振动区122的振动位移变化的数据图。图9中，横坐标表示振动区122的振动位移，单位为mm；当振动位移大于零时，表示振动区122朝第一振动位移方向产生了振动位移，当振动位移小于零时，表示振动区122朝第二振动位移方向产生了振动位移。纵坐标表示电磁组件14和磁体组件13提供的负刚度，单位为N/mm。
从图9中可以看出，当振动区122的振动位移为零时，电磁组件14和磁体组件13能够提供一定的负刚度；当振动区122的振动位移增加时，电磁组件14和磁体组件13提供的负刚度也会增加。
需要说明的是，当第一线圈141和第二线圈142中未通入用于激发振动区122振动的交变电流，且振动区122产生振动位移时，F1和F2的合力始终小于折耳123的恢复力，以使振动区122能够恢复至振动为零的位置。
例如，如图10所示，本申请实施例还提供了一种振动区122的受力随振动位移变化的数据图。图10中，横坐标表示振动区122的振动位移，单位为mm；当振动区122的振动位移数值大于零时，表示振动区122朝第一振动位移方向产生了振动位移，当振动位移的数值小于零时，表示振动区122朝第二振动位移方向产生了振动位移。纵坐标表示振动区122的受力，单位为N；当受力值大于零时，受力方向与第一振动位移方向一致，当受力值小于零时，表示受力方向与第二振动位移方向一致。
图10中，S1表示振动区122受到的折耳123的恢复力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。
S2表示振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。此时，电磁组件14中的第一线圈141和第二线圈142中均未通入电流。
从图10中可以看出，折耳123产生的恢复力随振动区122的振动位移的增加而增加。电磁组件14和磁体组件13之间的磁吸力随振动区122的振动位移的增加而增加。另外，在相同的振动位移下，电磁组件14和磁体组件13之间的磁吸力均小于折耳123产生的恢复力。
另外，在一些实施方式中，电磁组件14中也可以通入矫正电流，可用于调节电磁组件14与磁体组件13之间的磁场力。
例如，在具体应用时，扬声器10中的一些部件可能存在制作精度误差或者装配误差。或者，振膜12的两侧可能会存在气压差，导致振动区122的振动位移为零时，第一磁芯143和第二磁芯144对磁体组件13产生的合力不为零，从而会使折耳123产生弹性形变。当振膜12被激发产生振动时，在第一振动位移方向和第二振动位移方向会出现受力不平衡的问题，影响扬声器10的音质表现。
因此，可以在电磁组件14中通入矫正电流。具体来说，该矫正电流可以是直流电，当电磁组件14中通入矫正电流后，能够产生矫正磁场。
请继续参阅图10，图10中S3表示电磁组件14中的第一线圈141和第二线圈142均通入0.5安培直流电后，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁体组件13的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。S4表示电磁组件14中的第一线圈141和第二线圈142通入-0.5安培直流电后，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁体组件13的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。
通过对比S2和S3可知，电磁组件14和磁体组件13的磁吸力整体朝第一振动位移方向增加了。通过对比S2和S4可知，电磁组件14和磁体组件13的磁吸力整体朝第二振动位移方向增加了。
在实际应用中，当扬声器10中存在制作精度误差、装配误差或气压差等不良情况，导致折耳123产生了弹性形变后，可以向电磁组件14中通入矫正电流，来调节电磁组件14与磁体组件13之间的磁力。使得振动区122的振动位移为零时，折耳123不会产生弹性形变，以保证振膜12被激发产生振动时，在第一振动位移方向和第二振动位移方向上，折耳123提供的恢复力是一致的。
当然，也可以仅在第一线圈141中通入矫正电流，或者仅在第二线圈142中通入矫正电流，在此不作赘述。
另外，如图11所示，还提供了电磁组件14在不同输入功率下，测得的振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁体组件13的作用力随振动区122的振动位移变化的数据图。图11中，横坐标表示振动区122的振动位移，单位为mm；当振动位移大于零时，表示振动区122朝第一振动位移方向产生了振动位移，当振动位移小于零时，表示振动区122朝第二振动位移方向产生了振动位移。纵坐标表示振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力，单位为N。
具体的，S10示电磁组件的输入功率为零时，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。
S11表示电磁组件的输入功率为1瓦(W)时，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。
S12表示电磁组件的输入功率为2瓦(W)时，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。
S13表示电磁组件的输入功率为3瓦(W)时，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。
S14表示电磁组件的输入功率为4瓦(W)时，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。
S15表示电磁组件的输入功率为5瓦(W)时，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。
S16表示电磁组件的输入功率为6瓦(W)时，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。
S17表示电磁组件的输入功率为7瓦(W)时，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。
在具体应用时，矫正电流的具体大小可以是扬声器10出厂前设定的。例如，在出厂前，厂家可以对磁体组件13或折耳123进行受力检测或调试，以保证电磁组件14与磁体组件13之间的磁力为零(或折耳123不产生弹性形变)。或者，在一些实施方式中，也可以在扬声器10中设置检测器件，在扬声器10的使用过程中(出厂后)可以对折耳123等部件进行受力检测，以保证电磁组件14与磁体组件13之间的磁力为零。在具体实施时，可以根据实际需求对检测器件的具体类型和检测方式进行合理设置，本申请对此不作限定。
在具体设置时，第一磁芯143和第一线圈141的形状可以是多样的。
例如，如图5和图7所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，第一磁芯143包括第一内芯1431和第一外芯1432，第一内芯1431位于第一线圈141的内环，第一外芯1432位于第一线圈141的外环，当第一线圈141中通有电流时，第一线圈141、第一内芯1431和第一外芯1432所组成的结构能够产生较大的磁场。具体的，第一线圈141为圆形的环状结构，第一内芯1431为圆片状，第一外芯1432为圆环状。第一线圈141与第一内芯1431和第一外芯1432之间具有较小的间隙，使得第一线圈141、第一内芯1431和第一外芯1432的结构比较紧凑，能降低空间的占用量。
可以理解的是，在其他的示例中，第一线圈141可以是椭圆环形、第一内芯1431可以是椭圆形片体、第一外芯1432可以是椭圆环形等形状，本申请对第一线圈141、第一内芯1431和第一外芯1432的具体形状不作限定。
当然，在其他的示例中，第一内芯1431或第一外芯1432也可以省略设置，在此不作赘述。
另外，在具体设置时，第二磁芯144可以包括第二内芯1441和第二外芯1442，第二内芯1441可以位于第二线圈142的内环，第二外芯1442位于第二线圈142的外环。
在具体应用中，第一线圈141和第二线圈142可以相同或大致相同；第二磁芯144可以与第一磁芯143相同或大致相同，在此不作过多赘述。
另外，在对线圈和磁芯进行具体设置时，线圈和磁芯可以位于同一个平面，且该平面可以平行于振膜，从而可以有效降低线圈和磁芯所组成的结构的高度尺寸，有助于减小整个扬声器10的高度尺寸。例如，以第一线圈141和第一磁芯143为例，第一线圈141和第一磁芯143位于同一平面。其中，该同一平面指的是大致的平面，且该平面可以具有一定的厚度，具体指的是在垂直于该平面的方向上，第一线圈141和第一磁芯143不具有明显突出的结构或者较大的尺寸。当第一线圈141和第一磁芯143位于同一个平面后，第一线圈141和第一磁芯143所组成的结构的高度尺寸较小，能降低在振动区122的振动位移方向上的空间占用量，从而有助于降低扬声器10的高度尺寸。或者可以理解的是，在振动区122的相同振幅的情况下，将第一线圈141和第一磁芯143设置在同一个平面后，能有效降低扬声器10的高度尺寸。
对于磁体组件13，在具体应用时，磁体组件13可以是永磁体。
具体的，如图7所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，磁体组件13为一个圆环形的永磁体。其中， 磁体组件13的极向与径向一致。或者，也可以理解为，磁体组件13的N极可以位于圆环形的内环，S极位于外环。或者，N极位于内环，S极位于内环。
例如，如图12所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，磁体组件13的N极位于外环，S极位于内环。
当第一线圈141和第二线圈142中通入电流后，第一线圈141、第一内芯1431和第一外芯1432所组成的结构的极向如图12所示，即S极位于第一内芯1431处，N极位于第一外芯1432处。第二线圈142、第二内芯1441和第二外芯1442所组成的结构的极向如图12所示，即N极位于第一内芯1431处，S极位于第一外芯1432处。由同极相斥、异极相吸可知，此时磁体组件13受到的磁场力朝向第二线圈142。
将磁体组件13的极向与径向一致后，有助于提升磁体组件13与电磁组件14之间的磁力的稳定性。当然，在其他的示例中，磁体组件13的形状也可以是条形、圆片形或椭圆环形等，在此不作赘述。
另外，磁体组件13可以是一个永磁体，也可以是由多个永磁体组成的。
例如，如图13所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，磁体组件13可以由两个永磁体组成，两个永磁体分别为永磁体a和永磁体b。其中，永磁体a和永磁体b均为半圆环形，且永磁体a和永磁体b可以合围成一个圆环形。在具体应用时，永磁体a和永磁体b可以通过粘接等方式进行固定连接。
另外，在其他的示例中，磁体组件13中也可以包括三个或者更多个永磁体，本申请对永磁体的数量和形状不作限制。
需要说明的是，在图12中所示出的示例中，可以将磁体组件13固定在振动区122的表面，将电磁组件14固定在壳体11内。在其他的示例中，磁体组件13与电磁组件14的位置也可以互换。
例如，如图14和图15所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，可以将电磁组件14固定在振动区122的表面，将磁体组件固定在壳体11内，从而有助于降低电磁组件14和振膜12所组成的结构的高度尺寸(即在平行于振动区122的振动位移方向上的尺寸)。具体来说，电磁组件14所产生的磁场不仅能够覆盖至振膜12，在第一振动位移方向或第二振动位移方向上也可以存有效的磁场强度，因此，有助于降低电磁组件14的高度尺寸。或者可以理解的是，若电磁组件14中的线圈145未设置在振膜12的表面，则线圈145需要伸入磁体组件(如图14中的第一永磁体131)的磁隙中，并且，在振动区122的振幅范围内，线圈145需要一直处于磁隙中，否则线圈145与第一永磁体131之间的洛伦兹力会失效，不能有效的驱动振动区122振动发声。因此，将电磁组件14固定在振动区122的表面，磁体组件固定在壳体11内，从而有助于降低电磁组件14和振膜12所组成的结构的高度尺寸。
具体来说，如图14和图15所示，磁体组件13可以包括第一永磁体131和第二永磁体132，第一永磁体131位于振动区122的第一振动位移方向上，第二永磁体132位于振动区122的第二振动位移方向上。电磁组件14包括线圈145和设置在线圈145的磁回路中的磁芯146。磁芯146包括内芯1461和外芯1462，内芯1461位于线圈145的内环，外芯1462位于线圈145的外环。
另外，如图16所示，在本申请提供的另一种示例中，磁芯可以包括第一磁芯143和第二磁芯144，线圈包括第一线圈141、第二线圈142、第三线圈147和第四线圈148。
具体来说，磁体组件13为环形的永磁体，第一磁芯143为U形，第一线圈141和第二线圈142分别绕设在第一磁芯143的相对的两个悬臂。第二磁芯144为U形，第三线圈147和第四线圈148分别绕设在第二磁芯144的相对的两个悬臂。第一磁芯143位于振膜12的第一侧边(如图16中的左侧)，第二磁芯144位于振膜12的第二侧边(如图16中的右侧)。其中，第一侧边和第二侧边相背离，且第一磁芯143和第二磁芯144的U形口相向设置，从而有助于降低扬声器10的高度尺寸。
在具体设置时，第一线圈141、第二线圈142、第三线圈147和第四线圈148在振膜12所在平面的投影与振膜12不交叠，从而有助于保证振膜12的最大振动位移。或者可以理解的是，第一线圈141、第二线圈142、第三线圈147和第四线圈148不会占用振动区122的振动位移空间，因此，第一磁芯143的相对的两个悬臂之间的距离可以设置的比较小，相应的，第二磁芯144的相对的两个悬臂之间的距离可以设置的比较小，从而有助于降低扬声器10的高度尺寸。另外，电磁组件14与磁体组件13之间也具有较好的磁吸力。
例如，如图17所示，本申请实施例还提供了振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁体组件13的作用力随振动区122的振动位移变化的数据图。图17中，横坐标表示振动区122的振动位移，单位为mm；当振动位移大于零时，表示振动区122朝第一振动位移方向产生了振动位移，当振动位移小于零时，表示振动区122朝第二振动位移方向产生了振动位移。纵坐标表示振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸 组件的磁吸力，单位为N。
具体的，S5表示振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。此时，电磁组件14中均未通入电流。
图17中S6表示电磁组件14中通入1.4安培直流电后，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。S7表示电磁组件14中通入-1.4安培直流电后，振动区122受到的电磁组件14和磁吸组件的磁吸力随振动位移变化的数据曲线。从图17中可以看出，电磁组件14与磁体组件13之间具有较好的磁吸力。
在具体应用时，扬声器10中可以还包括控制电路，控制电路与电磁组件14信号连接，用于对电磁组件14的电流进行有效控制。需要说明的是，该电流可以是矫正电流，也可以是用于使振膜12振动发声的交变电流，或者，也可以是矫正电流与交变电流的叠加。
或者，当扬声器10应用在手机、平板电脑、音箱等电子设备中时，如图18所示，电子设备中的控制器20可以与电磁组件14信号连接，从而可以对通入电磁组件14的电流进行有效控制，在此不作赘述。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种扬声器，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，具有容纳腔；
    振膜，设置在所述容纳腔内，所述振膜包括固定区和振动区，所述固定区与所述壳体固定连接；
    相互磁吸的磁体组件和电磁组件；
    所述磁体组件固定于所述振动区，所述电磁组件固定于所述壳体；
    其中，所述振动区位于初始位置时，所述磁体组件和所述电磁组件对所述振动区的作用力为零；
    所述振动区振动的过程中，所述磁体组件和所述电磁组件对所述振动区的作用力与所述振动区的振动位移方向相同；
    其中，所述振动位移方向为所述振动区的初始位置指向所述振动区的振动位置的方向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁体组件为永磁体，所述电磁组件包括线圈和磁芯，所述磁芯位于所述线圈的磁回路中。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述振动区位于所述初始位置时，所述磁体组件和所述磁芯之间的磁力总和为零。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述线圈通有矫正电流，所述振动区位于所述初始位置时，所述电磁组件和所述磁体组件之间的磁力总和为零。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，
    所述线圈包括第一线圈和第二线圈，所述磁芯包括第一磁芯和第二磁芯，所述第一磁芯位于所述第一线圈的磁回路中，所述第二磁芯位于所述第二线圈的磁回路中；
    所述第一线圈和所述第一磁芯位于所述振动区的第一振动位移方向上；
    所述第二线圈和所述第二磁芯位于所述振动区的第二振动位移方向上；
    其中，所述第一振动位移方向与所述第二振动位移方向相反。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一磁芯包括第一内芯和第一外芯，所述第一内芯位于所述第一线圈的内环，所述第一外芯位于所述第一线圈的外环；
    所述第二磁芯包括第二内芯和第二外芯，所述第二内芯位于所述第二线圈的内环，所述第二外芯位于所述第二线圈的外环。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述线圈和所述磁芯位于同一平面，所述平面平行于所述振膜。
  8. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，
    所述磁体组件固定于所述振动区，所述电磁组件固定于所述壳体；
    所述磁芯包括第一磁芯和第二磁芯，所述线圈包括第一线圈、第二线圈、第三线圈和第四线圈；
    所述第一磁芯为U形，所述第一线圈和所述第二线圈分别绕设在所述第一磁芯的相对的两个悬臂；
    所述第二磁芯为U形，所述第三线圈和所述第四线圈分别绕设在所述第二磁芯的相对的两个悬臂；
    所述第一磁芯位于所述振膜的第一侧边，所述第二磁芯位于所述振膜的第二侧边；
    其中，所述第一侧边和所述第二侧边相背离，且所述第一磁芯和所述第二磁芯的U形口相向设置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一线圈、所述第二线圈、所述第三线圈和所述第四线圈在所述振膜所在平面的投影与所述振膜不交叠。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁体组件的形状为环形，且所述磁体组件的极向与所述磁体组件的径向一致。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁体组件包括至少两个永磁体。
  12. 根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，还包括控制电路，所述控制电路与所述电磁组件信号连接。
  13. 一种扬声器，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体，具有容纳腔；
    振膜，设置在所述容纳腔内，所述振膜包括固定区和振动区，所述固定区与所述壳体固定连接；
    相互磁吸的磁体组件和电磁组件；
    所述磁体组件固定于所述壳体，所述电磁组件固定于所述振动区；
    其中，所述振动区位于初始位置时，所述磁体组件和所述电磁组件对所述振动区的作用力为零；
    所述振动区振动的过程中，所述磁体组件和所述电磁组件对所述振动区的作用力与所述振动区的振动位移方向相同；
    其中，所述振动位移方向为所述振动区的初始位置指向所述振动区的振动位置的方向。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁体组件为永磁体，所述电磁组件包括线圈和磁芯，所述磁芯位于所述线圈的磁回路中。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述振动区位于所述初始位置时，所述磁体组件和所述磁芯之间的磁力总和为零。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述线圈通有矫正电流，所述振动区位于所述初始位置时，所述电磁组件和所述磁体组件之间的磁力总和为零。
  17. 根据权利要求13至16中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，
    所述磁体组件包括第一永磁体和第二永磁体；
    所述第一永磁体位于所述振动区的第一振动位移方向上；
    所述第二永磁体位于所述振动区的第二振动位移方向上；
    其中，所述第一振动位移方向与所述第二振动位移方向相反。
  18. 根据权利要求14至17中任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述线圈和所述磁芯位于同一平面，所述平面平行于所述振膜。
  19. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括控制器和如权利要求1至12或13至18中任一项所述的扬声器，所述控制器与所述电磁组件信号连接。
PCT/CN2023/102698 2022-06-30 2023-06-27 一种扬声器和电子设备 Ceased WO2024002055A1 (zh)

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