WO2024014850A1 - 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024014850A1 WO2024014850A1 PCT/KR2023/009895 KR2023009895W WO2024014850A1 WO 2024014850 A1 WO2024014850 A1 WO 2024014850A1 KR 2023009895 W KR2023009895 W KR 2023009895W WO 2024014850 A1 WO2024014850 A1 WO 2024014850A1
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- side reaction
- battery
- resistance
- cause
- voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery management device and method, and more specifically, to a battery management device and method that can diagnose the state of a battery.
- lithium batteries have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, so they can be freely charged and discharged, and have a very high self-discharge rate. It is attracting attention due to its low and high energy density.
- lithium precipitation on the surface of the cathode lithium plating, Li-plating
- Li-plating lithium precipitation on the surface of the cathode
- it causes side reactions with the electrolyte and changes in the kinetic balance of the battery, causing battery deterioration.
- lithium metal is deposited on the surface of the cathode, an internal short circuit of the battery may occur, so there is a risk of ignition or explosion due to an internal short circuit. Therefore, there is a need to develop a technology that can detect whether lithium metal is deposited on the surface of the cathode.
- the present invention was made to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a battery management device and method that can specifically diagnose whether a side reaction has occurred in a battery and the cause of the side reaction.
- a battery management device determines a target peak from a differential profile representing the correspondence between the voltage and differential capacity of the battery, and compares the target peak with the reference peak of a preset reference profile to generate a side reaction in the battery.
- a side reaction determination unit configured to determine whether or not;
- a side reaction cause determination unit configured to determine a resistance pattern of the battery for a reference voltage section in a resistance profile indicating the correspondence between the voltage and resistance of the battery, and determine a cause of the side reaction based on the determined resistance pattern.
- the side reaction cause determination unit may be configured to determine the cause of the side reaction as at least one of lithium precipitation and electrolyte side reaction based on the determined resistance pattern.
- the side reaction cause determination unit may be configured to determine a case in which the resistance decreases as the voltage increases in the reference voltage section of the resistance profile as the first resistance pattern.
- the side reaction cause determination unit may be configured to determine the cause of the side reaction as the lithium precipitation when the determined resistance pattern is the first resistance pattern.
- the side reaction cause determination unit may be configured to determine a second resistance pattern when the resistance of the resistance profile is greater than or equal to the resistance of a preset reference resistance profile in the reference voltage section of the resistance profile.
- the side reaction cause determination unit may be configured to determine the cause of the side reaction as the electrolyte side reaction when the determined resistance pattern is the second resistance pattern.
- the battery management device may further include a control unit configured to set usage conditions for the battery based on the determined cause of occurrence of the side reaction.
- the control unit may be configured to reduce the upper limit of the charge/discharge C-rate for the battery when the cause of the side reaction is determined to be lithium precipitation.
- the control unit may be configured to reduce the temperature and upper limit SOC for the battery when the cause of the side reaction is determined to be the electrolyte side reaction.
- the side reaction determination unit may be configured to determine whether a side reaction has occurred in the battery by comparing the magnitude between the voltage of the target peak and the voltage of the reference peak.
- the side reaction determination unit may be configured to determine that the side reaction has occurred when the voltage of the target peak exceeds the voltage of the reference peak.
- the reference voltage section may be comprised of a voltage section including resistances from the minimum resistance to a predetermined threshold resistance or less in a preset reference resistance profile.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery management device according to an aspect of the present invention.
- a battery management method includes a target peak determination step of determining a target peak from a differential profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage of the battery and the differential capacity; A side reaction determination step of determining whether a side reaction has occurred in the battery by comparing a reference peak of a preset reference profile and the target peak; A resistance pattern determining step of determining a resistance pattern of the battery for a reference voltage section from a resistance profile indicating a correspondence between the voltage and resistance of the battery; And it may include a side reaction cause determination step of determining the cause of the side reaction based on the determined resistance pattern.
- the battery management method may further include, after the step of determining the cause of the side reaction, a use condition setting step of setting use conditions for the battery based on the determined cause of the side reaction.
- the usage conditions of the battery can be set to correspond to the cause of the side reaction of the battery.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a diagram schematically showing the differential profile of a first battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a partial section of FIG. 2.
- Figure 4 is a diagram schematically showing the resistance profile of a first battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a diagram schematically showing the differential profile of a second battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a partial section of Figure 5.
- Figure 7 is a diagram schematically showing the resistance profile of a second battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a diagram schematically showing an exemplary configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams schematically showing a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a battery management device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery has a negative terminal and a positive terminal and refers to an independent cell that is physically separable.
- a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery.
- a battery may refer to a battery module in which a plurality of cells are connected in series and/or parallel.
- the battery will be described as meaning one independent cell.
- the battery management device 100 may include a side reaction determination unit 110 and a side reaction cause determination unit 120.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may be configured to determine a target peak in the differential profile D representing the correspondence between the voltage of the battery and the differential capacity.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may obtain battery information including the voltage and current of the battery.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may directly receive battery information or access and extract previously stored battery information.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may generate a voltage profile representing the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery, based on the acquired battery information.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may generate a differential profile D indicating the correspondence between voltage and differential capacitance based on the voltage profile.
- the differential capacity is a value obtained by differentiating the capacity by voltage, and can be expressed as dQ/dV.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may directly measure battery information and generate a voltage profile based on the measured battery information. Additionally, the side reaction determination unit 110 may generate a differential profile D from the voltage profile.
- the voltage profile can be expressed as an X-Y graph when X is set to voltage and Y is set to capacity.
- the differential profile (D) can be expressed as an X-Y graph when X is set to voltage and Y is set to differential capacity.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine a plurality of peaks in the differential profile (D).
- the peak may be a point that is convex upward and has a slope of 0.
- the peak of the differential profile D may correspond to the inflection point of the voltage profile.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine the peak with the lowest corresponding voltage among the determined plurality of peaks as the target peak.
- the target peak falls between 3.4V and 3.5V and may be a peak generally expressed as Ea(1).
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a partial section of FIG. 2. Specifically, FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of section A in FIG. 2.
- the first reference profile (P1), the second reference profile (P2), the first differential profile (D1), and the second differential profile (D2) can be confirmed.
- the first differential profile D1 is a differential profile D generated according to battery information measured during the charging process of the first battery.
- the second differential profile (D2) is a differential profile (D) generated according to battery information measured during the discharge process of the first battery.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 determines the first target peak (tp1) in the first differential profile (D1) and the second target peak (tp2) in the second differential profile (D2). can be decided.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may be configured to determine whether a side reaction has occurred in the battery by comparing the reference peak and the target peak of the preset reference profile (P).
- the reference profile P may be a profile for a reference battery (eg, a battery in a beginning of life (BOL) state) corresponding to the battery.
- the reference profile P may be a profile representing the correspondence between the voltage and differential capacity of the reference battery.
- the reference peak may be the lowest voltage peak in the reference profile (P).
- the method by which the target peak is determined in the differential profile (D) can be applied as is, and the reference peak can be determined in the reference profile (P).
- the first reference profile (P1) may correspond to the first differential profile (D1)
- the second reference profile (P2) may correspond to the second differential profile (D2).
- the first reference profile (P1) may include a first reference peak (rp1)
- the second reference profile (P2) may include a second reference peak (rp2).
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may compare the first target peak (tp1) and the first reference peak (rp1) to determine whether a side reaction has occurred in the battery. Additionally, the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine whether a side reaction has occurred by comparing the second target peak (tp2) and the second reference peak (rp2). That is, although both the differential profile (D) and the reference profile (P) corresponding to the charging and discharging of the battery are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the side reaction determination unit 110 determines at least one of the charging and discharging states of the battery. It is possible to determine whether a side reaction has occurred.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may be configured to determine whether a side reaction has occurred in the battery by comparing the magnitude between the voltage of the target peak and the voltage of the reference peak.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may compare the voltage of the first target peak (tp1) and the first reference peak (rp1). The side reaction determination unit 110 may determine that the voltage of the first target peak (tp1) is greater than the voltage of the first reference peak (rp1).
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may compare the voltage of the second target peak (tp2) and the second reference peak (rp2). The side reaction determination unit 110 may determine that the voltage of the second target peak (tp2) is greater than the voltage of the second reference peak (rp2).
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may be configured to determine that a side reaction has occurred when the voltage of the target peak exceeds the voltage of the reference peak. Conversely, the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine that no side reaction has occurred if the voltage of the target peak is less than or equal to the voltage of the reference peak.
- the battery's target peak and reference peak may be the same.
- the target peak (Ea(1) peak) appearing in the differential profile (D) of the battery may be shifted to a high potential.
- the target peak may shift to a higher potential.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 can determine whether a side reaction has occurred in the battery by comparing the voltage of the target peak and the voltage of the reference peak.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 determines that a side reaction has occurred in the first battery. You can.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 determines that a side reaction has occurred in the first battery. You can decide.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine that a side reaction has occurred in the first battery.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may be configured to determine the resistance pattern of the battery for the reference voltage section RR in a resistance profile representing the correspondence between the voltage and resistance of the battery.
- Figure 4 is a diagram schematically showing the resistance profile of a first battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the resistance profile can be expressed as an X-Y graph when X is set to voltage and Y is set to resistance.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first resistance profile (R1) and a first reference resistance profile (RP1) for a battery.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may select a resistance corresponding to the reference voltage section RR from the resistance profile in order to determine the resistance pattern of the battery. Additionally, the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may determine a pattern between the plurality of selected resistances.
- the reference voltage section may be a voltage section preset according to the resistance change rate according to voltage in the reference resistance profile.
- the resistance change rate with respect to voltage changes rapidly based on the K voltage.
- the difference in the resistance change rate corresponding to the K voltage (the difference in the resistance change rate immediately before the K voltage and the resistance change rate immediately after the K voltage) is calculated. difference) may be the largest.
- the reference voltage section RR can be set to a voltage section corresponding to 4.2 [V] from the K voltage. That is, the reference voltage section RR may be a section in the reference resistance profile in which the change in resistance according to voltage is small. In other words, the reference voltage section RR may be a resistance flat section included in the reference resistance profile.
- the reference voltage section RR may be configured as a voltage section including resistances from the minimum resistance to a predetermined threshold resistance (TH) or less in a preset reference resistance profile.
- the minimum resistance in the first reference resistance profile RP1 may be LR corresponding to the L point.
- LR2 may be the minimum resistance (LR) plus the threshold resistance (TH).
- the threshold resistance (TH) may be preset to a value of 0.1 ( ⁇ ) or less.
- the threshold resistance (TH) may be preset to a value of 0.05 ( ⁇ ) or less.
- the reference voltage section (RR) may be defined as a voltage section greater than or equal to the voltage value corresponding to the LR2 resistance among the entire voltage section.
- the reference voltage section RR may be set based on the lowest voltage value among the multiple voltage values.
- the resistance corresponding to the voltage K [V] to 4.2 [V] may be included within the minimum resistance (LR) to the threshold resistance (TH). Accordingly, the reference voltage section RR may be preset to K[V] to 4.2[V]. Additionally, the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may determine a resistance pattern between a plurality of resistors corresponding to the reference voltage section of the resistance profile.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may be configured to determine a case in which resistance decreases as voltage increases in the reference voltage section RR of the resistance profile as the first resistance pattern. Additionally, the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may be configured to determine the second resistance pattern when the resistance of the resistance profile is greater than or equal to the resistance of a preset reference resistance profile in the reference voltage section RR of the resistance profile.
- the resistance pattern of the battery may be determined as a first resistance pattern and a second resistance pattern.
- the first condition is that the resistance decreases as the voltage increases in the reference voltage section (RR) of the resistance profile, and the resistance of the reference voltage section (RR) of the resistance profile is greater than or equal to the resistance of the reference voltage section (RR) of the reference resistance profile. If all of the second conditions are satisfied, the resistance pattern of the battery may be determined as a first resistance pattern and a second resistance pattern.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 determines the resistance pattern for the first battery. can be determined as the first resistance pattern.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may be configured to determine the cause of the side reaction based on the determined resistance pattern.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may be configured to determine the cause of the side reaction as at least one of lithium precipitation and electrolyte side reaction based on the determined resistance pattern.
- lithium precipitation means that lithium ions contained in the battery are deposited as metallic lithium on the surface of the cathode.
- electrolyte side reaction means that a side reaction occurs in the electrolyte (electrolyte solution) and the performance of the battery deteriorates.
- electrolyte side reaction refers to a side reaction that occurs in the electrolyte due to cathode reduction.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may specifically determine the cause of the side reaction for a battery in which it is determined that the side reaction has occurred. That is, the cause of the loss of available lithium in the battery may be determined to be at least one of lithium precipitation and electrolyte side reactions.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may be configured to determine the cause of the side reaction as lithium precipitation. Conversely, the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may be configured to determine the cause of the side reaction as an electrolyte side reaction when the determined resistance pattern is the second resistance pattern.
- the resistance pattern for the first battery may be determined as the first resistance pattern. Accordingly, the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may determine the cause of the side reaction in the first battery to be lithium precipitation. That is, the first battery may be a battery in which available lithium is lost due to lithium plating (Li-plating), in which lithium metal is deposited on the surface of the cathode.
- Li-plating lithium plating
- the battery management device 100 has the advantage of being able to specifically diagnose not only whether a side reaction has occurred in the battery but also the cause of the side reaction. Therefore, according to the battery management device 100, an abnormal battery (particularly, a battery in which a side reaction has occurred) can be quickly detected, and the cause of the side reaction can also be detected.
- Figure 5 is a diagram schematically showing the differential profile (D) of the second battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 6 is an enlarged view of a partial section of Figure 5. Specifically, FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of section A of FIG. 5.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show a third differential profile (D3), a fourth differential profile (D4), a third reference profile (P3), and a fourth reference profile (P4) for the second battery.
- the third reference profile (P3) may correspond to the third differential profile (D3)
- the fourth reference profile (P4) may correspond to the fourth differential profile (D4).
- the third differential profile (D3) is a differential profile (D) generated according to battery information measured during the charging process of the second battery.
- the fourth differential profile (D4) is a differential profile (D) generated according to battery information measured during the discharging process of the second battery.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine the third target peak (tp3) from the third differential profile (D3). And, because the voltage of the third target peak (tp3) is greater than the voltage of the third reference peak (rp3), the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine that a side reaction has occurred in the second battery.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine the fourth target peak (tp4) from the fourth differential profile (D4). And, because the voltage of the fourth target peak (tp4) is greater than the voltage of the fourth reference peak (rp4), the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine that a side reaction has occurred in the second battery.
- a side reaction may determine that a side reaction has occurred in the second battery.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing the resistance profile of a second battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a second resistance profile (R2) and a second reference resistance profile (RP2) for the second battery.
- R2 second resistance profile
- RP2 second reference resistance profile
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 determines the cause of the second battery.
- the resistance pattern may be determined as the second resistance pattern. That is, since the resistance does not decrease even if the voltage increases in the reference voltage section RR of the second resistance profile R2, the side reaction cause determination unit 120 determines the resistance pattern for the second battery as the second resistance pattern. You can. Accordingly, the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may determine that the cause of the side reaction in the second battery is an electrolyte side reaction.
- the battery management device 100 may further include a control unit 130.
- the control unit 130 may be configured to set usage conditions for the battery based on the determined cause of the side reaction.
- usage conditions for the battery may be set in advance for charge/discharge C-rate (Current rate), temperature range, and SOC (State of charge) available range.
- C-rate Current rate
- temperature range temperature range
- SOC State of charge
- the usage conditions for charging C-rate for the type of charging (slow charging and fast charging) for the battery, discharging C-rate for the output required by the load, upper limit temperature, lower limit temperature, upper limit SOC, and lower limit SOC are set in advance. can be set.
- Conditions for using such a battery can be set in advance in consideration of the type of battery and where the battery is used.
- control unit 130 can change and set the usage conditions of the battery depending on the cause of the side reaction. Specifically, the control unit 130 can change and set the usage conditions of the battery depending on the cause of loss of available lithium.
- the control unit 130 may set battery usage conditions so that the lithium precipitation reaction can be suppressed. For example, if the cause of the side reaction is determined to be lithium precipitation, the control unit 130 may be configured to reduce the upper limit of the charge/discharge C-rate for the battery.
- control unit 130 may set the battery usage conditions so that the electrolyte decomposition reaction can be suppressed. For example, if the cause of the side reaction is determined to be an electrolyte side reaction, the control unit 130 may be configured to reduce the temperature and upper limit SOC for the battery.
- the control unit 130 can set the usage conditions of the battery so that the lithium precipitation reaction is suppressed and electrolyte decomposition on the surface of the deposited lithium metal is suppressed.
- the control unit 130 may be configured to reduce the upper limit of charge/discharge C-rate, temperature, and upper limit SOC for the battery.
- the battery management device 100 sets the battery usage conditions to correspond to the cause of the side reaction, thereby preventing further side reactions from occurring in the battery and losing the activity of the side reaction.
- the battery may be charged at a low rate or discharged at a low rate. Specifically, the battery may be charged or discharged under low C-rate conditions below a preset standard C-rate.
- the battery may be charged or discharged at a C-rate below a predetermined rate from the standard C-rate.
- the standard C-rate is 1C and the predetermined rate is 0.2
- the battery can be charged or discharged at a C-rate of 0.2C or less.
- the standard C-rate can be initially set considering the BOL (Beginning of Life) state of the battery. Additionally, the standard C-rate may be changed while the control unit 130 changes the upper limit of the charging and discharging C-rate.
- a battery that has been charged at a low rate or discharged at a low rate can be a diagnostic target in which it is easy to determine whether a side reaction has occurred based on the behavior of the target peak alone.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine that a side reaction has occurred when the voltage of the target peak exceeds the voltage of the reference peak for a battery that has been charged at a low rate or discharged at a low rate.
- the side reaction determination unit 110, the side reaction cause determination unit 120, and the control unit 130 provided in the battery management device 100 are processors known in the art, ASICs (application applications) to execute various control logics performed in the present invention. - specific integrated circuit), other chipsets, logic circuits, registers, communication modems, data processing devices, etc. may optionally be included. Additionally, when the control logic is implemented as software, the side reaction determination unit 110, the side reaction cause determination unit 120, and the control unit 130 may be implemented as a set of program modules. At this time, the program module is stored in the memory and can be executed by the side reaction determination unit 110, the side reaction cause determination unit 120, and the control unit 130.
- ASICs application applications
- the memory may be inside or outside the side reaction determination unit 110, the side reaction cause determination unit 120, and the control unit 130, and may be stored in the side reaction determination unit 110, the side reaction cause determination unit 120, and the side reaction determination unit 110 by various well-known means. It can be connected to the control unit 130.
- the battery management device 100 may further include a storage unit 140.
- the storage unit 140 may store data or programs necessary for each component of the battery management device 100 to perform operations and functions, or data generated in the process of performing operations and functions.
- information storage means may include RAM, flash memory, ROM, EEPROM, registers, etc.
- the storage unit 140 may store program codes in which processes executable by each component of the battery management device 100 are defined.
- the storage unit 140 may store a reference profile (P), a differential profile (D), a reference resistance profile, and a resistance profile. Additionally, the storage unit 140 may store preset usage conditions for the battery and usage conditions changed by the control unit 130.
- the battery management device 100 according to the present invention can be applied to a battery management system (BMS). That is, the BMS according to the present invention may include the battery management device 100 described above. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management device 100 may be implemented by supplementing or adding functions included in a conventional BMS. For example, the side reaction determination unit 110, the side reaction cause determination unit 120, the control unit 130, and the storage unit 140 of the battery management device 100 may be implemented as components of a BMS.
- the battery management device 100 may be provided in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the above-described battery management device 100 and one or more battery cells. Additionally, the battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.) and cases.
- Figure 8 is a diagram schematically showing an exemplary configuration of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the positive terminal of the battery 10 may be connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of the battery 10 may be connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack 1.
- the measuring unit 20 may be connected to the first sensing line (SL1), the second sensing line (SL2), and the third sensing line (SL3). Specifically, the measuring unit 20 may be connected to the positive terminal of the battery 10 through the first sensing line (SL1) and may be connected to the negative terminal of the battery 10 through the second sensing line (SL2). The measurement unit 20 may measure the voltage of the battery 10 based on the voltage measured at each of the first and second sensing lines (SL1) and SL2.
- the measurement unit 20 may be connected to the current measurement unit (A) through the third sensing line (SL3).
- the current measurement unit A may be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery 10.
- the measurement unit 20 may measure the charging current of the battery 10 through the third sensing line SL3 and calculate the charging amount. Additionally, the measurement unit 20 may calculate the discharge amount by measuring the discharge current of the battery 10 through the third sensing line SL3.
- the external device may be connected to the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack 1, and the other end may be connected to the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack 1. Accordingly, the positive terminal of the battery 10, the positive terminal (P+) of the battery pack 1, the external device, the negative terminal (P-) of the battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of the battery 10 can be electrically connected.
- the external device may be a charging/discharging device or a motor of an electric vehicle that receives power from the battery 10.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 are diagrams schematically showing a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery management method may include a target peak determination step (S100), a side reaction determination step (S200), a resistance pattern determination step (S300), and a side reaction cause determination step (S400).
- S100 target peak determination step
- S200 side reaction determination step
- S300 resistance pattern determination step
- S400 side reaction cause determination step
- each step of the battery management method can be performed by the battery management device 100.
- the battery management device 100 Preferably, each step of the battery management method can be performed by the battery management device 100.
- content that overlaps with the content described above will be omitted or briefly described.
- the target peak determination step (S100) is a step of determining a target peak in the differential profile (D) representing the correspondence between the voltage of the battery and the differential capacity, and may be performed by the side reaction determination unit 110.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine the peak corresponding to the lowest voltage among the plurality of peaks included in the differential profile D as the target peak.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine a first target peak tp1 among a plurality of peaks included in the first differential profile D1.
- the side reaction determination step S200 is a step of determining whether a side reaction has occurred in the battery by comparing the reference peak and the target peak of the preset reference profile P, and may be performed by the side reaction determination unit 110.
- the side reaction determination unit 110 may compare the voltage between the target peak of the differential profile (D) and the reference peak of the reference profile (P). Additionally, the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine that a side reaction has occurred in the battery when the voltage of the target peak exceeds the voltage of the reference peak.
- the voltage of the first target peak (tp1) may exceed the voltage of the first reference peak (rp1). Accordingly, the side reaction determination unit 110 may determine that a side reaction has occurred in the first battery.
- the resistance pattern determining step (S300) is a step of determining the resistance pattern of the battery for the reference voltage section (RR) in the resistance profile indicating the correspondence between the voltage and resistance of the battery, and is performed by the side reaction cause determination unit 120. You can.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may determine the resistance pattern of the battery as a first resistance pattern and/or a second resistance pattern based on the change in resistance according to voltage in the reference voltage section (RR) of the resistance profile. .
- the first resistance pattern is a pattern in which resistance decreases as the voltage increases
- the second resistance pattern is a pattern in which the resistance of the resistance profile in the reference voltage section RR is greater than or equal to the resistance of the reference resistance profile.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 changes the resistance pattern of the first battery to the first resistance pattern. can be decided.
- the side reaction cause determination step (S400) is a step of determining the cause of the side reaction based on the determined resistance pattern, and may be performed by the side reaction cause determination unit 120.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may determine the cause of the side reaction as lithium precipitation and/or electrolyte side reaction according to the resistance pattern of the battery.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may determine the cause of the side reaction to be lithium precipitation.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may determine the cause of the side reaction to be an electrolyte side reaction.
- the side reaction cause determination unit 120 may determine the cause of the side reaction to be lithium precipitation and electrolyte side reaction.
- the battery management method may further include a use condition setting step (S500) after the side reaction cause determination step (S400).
- the use condition setting step (S500) is a step of setting the use conditions for the battery based on the determined cause of occurrence of the side reaction, and may be performed by the control unit 130.
- control unit 130 may set the battery usage conditions differently depending on the cause of the side reaction.
- control unit 130 may be configured to reduce the upper limit of the charge/discharge C-rate for the battery.
- control unit 130 may be configured to reduce the temperature and upper limit SOC for the battery when the cause of the side reaction is determined to be an electrolyte side reaction.
- control unit 130 may be configured to reduce the upper limit of charge/discharge C-rate, temperature, and upper limit SOC for the battery.
- the embodiments of the present invention described above are not only implemented through devices and methods, but may also be implemented through a program that realizes the function corresponding to the configuration of the embodiment of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded.
- the implementation can be easily implemented by an expert in the technical field to which the present invention belongs based on the description of the embodiments described above.
- control unit 130 control unit
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 배터리의 전압과 미분 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 미분 프로파일에서 타겟 피크를 결정하고, 미리 설정된 기준 프로파일의 기준 피크와 상기 타겟 피크를 비교하여 상기 배터리의 부반응 발생 여부를 결정하도록 구성된 부반응 결정부; 및상기 배터리의 전압과 저항 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 저항 프로파일에서 기준 전압 구간에 대한 상기 배터리의 저항 패턴을 결정하고, 결정된 저항 패턴에 기반하여 상기 부반응의 발생 원인을 결정하도록 구성된 부반응 원인 결정부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 부반응 원인 결정부는,상기 결정된 저항 패턴에 기반하여 상기 부반응의 발생 원인을 리튬 석출 및 전해질 부반응 중 적어도 하나로 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 부반응 원인 결정부는,상기 저항 프로파일의 상기 기준 전압 구간에서, 상기 전압이 증가함에 따라 상기 저항이 감소하는 경우를 제1 저항 패턴으로 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제3항에 있어서,상기 부반응 원인 결정부는,상기 결정된 저항 패턴이 상기 제1 저항 패턴인 경우, 상기 부반응의 발생 원인을 상기 리튬 석출로 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 부반응 원인 결정부는,상기 저항 프로파일의 상기 기준 전압 구간에서, 상기 저항 프로파일의 저항이 미리 설정된 기준 저항 프로파일의 저항 이상인 경우를 제2 저항 패턴으로 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 진단 장치.
- 제5항에 있어서,상기 부반응 원인 결정부는,상기 결정된 저항 패턴이 상기 제2 저항 패턴인 경우, 상기 부반응의 발생 원인을 상기 전해질 부반응으로 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제2항에 있어서,상기 결정된 부반응의 발생 원인에 기반하여 상기 배터리에 대한 사용 조건을 설정하도록 구성된 제어부를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 제어부는,상기 부반응의 발생 원인이 상기 리튬 석출로 결정된 경우, 상기 배터리에 대한 충방전 C-rate의 상한을 감소시키도록 구성되고,상기 부반응의 발생 원인이 상기 전해질 부반응으로 결정된 경우, 상기 배터리에 대한 온도 및 상한 SOC를 감소시키도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 부반응 결정부는,상기 타겟 피크의 전압과 상기 기준 피크의 전압 간의 대소를 비교하여 상기 배터리의 부반응 발생 여부를 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제9항에 있어서,상기 부반응 결정부는,상기 타겟 피크의 전압이 상기 기준 피크의 전압을 초과하면, 상기 부반응이 발생된 것으로 결정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 기준 전압 구간은,미리 설정된 기준 저항 프로파일에서 최소 저항으로부터 소정의 임계 저항 이하의 저항들이 포함되는 전압 구간으로 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 배터리의 전압과 미분 용량 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 미분 프로파일에서 타겟 피크를 결정하는 타겟 피크 결정 단계;미리 설정된 기준 프로파일의 기준 피크와 상기 타겟 피크를 비교하여 상기 배터리의 부반응 발생 여부를 결정하는 부반응 여부 결정 단계;상기 배터리의 전압과 저항 간의 대응 관계를 나타내는 저항 프로파일에서 기준 전압 구간에 대한 상기 배터리의 저항 패턴을 결정하는 저항 패턴 결정 단계; 및결정된 저항 패턴에 기반하여 상기 부반응의 발생 원인을 결정하는 부반응 원인 결정 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 방법.
- 제13항에 있어서,상기 부반응 원인 결정 단계 이후, 상기 결정된 부반응의 발생 원인에 기반하여 상기 배터리에 대한 사용 조건을 설정하는 사용 조건 설정 단계를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 방법.
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| PL23839942.2T PL4425646T3 (pl) | 2022-07-11 | 2023-07-11 | Urządzenie do zarządzania akumulatorem i sposób zarządzania akumulatorem |
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| CN202380022324.2A CN118715660A (zh) | 2022-07-11 | 2023-07-11 | 电池管理设备及方法 |
| ES23839942T ES3061159T3 (en) | 2022-07-11 | 2023-07-11 | Battery management apparatus and method |
| US18/867,405 US12352818B2 (en) | 2022-07-11 | 2023-07-11 | Battery management apparatus and method |
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| KR20250106953A (ko) | 2024-01-04 | 2025-07-11 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| CN120958330A (zh) | 2024-01-31 | 2025-11-14 | 株式会社Lg新能源 | 电池曲线生成装置和电池曲线生成方法 |
| KR102812805B1 (ko) * | 2024-02-16 | 2025-05-23 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 정보 생성 장치 및 방법 |
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| KR20220072578A (ko) * | 2020-11-25 | 2022-06-02 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
| KR20220085324A (ko) | 2020-12-15 | 2022-06-22 | 주식회사 제이시스메디칼 | 자기장을 이용한 무침 주사기 |
| KR20230089416A (ko) | 2021-12-13 | 2023-06-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 플라즈마 배플, 이를 포함하는 기판 처리 장치 및 이를 이용한 기판 처리 방법 |
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| JP2025511618A (ja) | 2025-04-16 |
| US20250116718A1 (en) | 2025-04-10 |
| EP4425646B1 (en) | 2025-10-29 |
| US12352818B2 (en) | 2025-07-08 |
| PL4425646T3 (pl) | 2026-03-09 |
| CN118715660A (zh) | 2024-09-27 |
| KR102600139B1 (ko) | 2023-11-08 |
| ES3061159T3 (en) | 2026-03-31 |
| EP4425646A1 (en) | 2024-09-04 |
| EP4425646A4 (en) | 2025-03-19 |
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