WO2024021780A1 - 一种天线和通信设备 - Google Patents

一种天线和通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024021780A1
WO2024021780A1 PCT/CN2023/094573 CN2023094573W WO2024021780A1 WO 2024021780 A1 WO2024021780 A1 WO 2024021780A1 CN 2023094573 W CN2023094573 W CN 2023094573W WO 2024021780 A1 WO2024021780 A1 WO 2024021780A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feeder
component
radiation
feed
strip line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/094573
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
薛成戴
周志微
盛天柱
道坚丁九
陈卓锋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP23844995.3A priority Critical patent/EP4564604A4/en
Publication of WO2024021780A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024021780A1/zh
Priority to US19/039,191 priority patent/US20250174886A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/526—Electromagnetic shields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
    • H01P3/081—Microstriplines
    • H01P3/084—Suspended microstriplines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/08—Microstrips; Strip lines
    • H01P3/088—Stacked transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
    • H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
    • H01Q5/35—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes using two or more simultaneously fed points
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H01Q9/0457—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means electromagnetically coupled to the feed line
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular, to an antenna and communication equipment.
  • antennas are usually used to implement wireless signal transmission functions.
  • a large number of radiating components need to be arranged in the antenna.
  • the electromagnetic coupling between radiating components will not only increase the power loss of the antenna, but also cause undesirable conditions such as signal distortion. Therefore, reducing the electromagnetic coupling between radiating components is crucial to the design of large-scale array antennas.
  • This application provides an antenna and communication equipment with a simple structure that can effectively reduce electromagnetic coupling between radiation components.
  • the present application provides an antenna, including a first radiating component, a second radiating component and a feeder component.
  • the working frequency of the second radiating component is smaller than the working frequency of the first radiating component; the feeder component is connected to the third radiating component.
  • the feeder component includes a first feeder, a ground wire and a second feeder that are stacked in sequence, and the length of the feeder component is one-eighth to one-half of the operating wavelength of the second radiation component.
  • the ground wire may have an open-circuit branch, and the length of the open-circuit branch may be one quarter of the working wavelength of the first radiating component, which may be used to suppress radiation from the ground wire.
  • the antenna may further include a shield, and the shield may be disposed on the periphery of the feeder component to suppress signal radiation of the feeder component.
  • the feeder assembly may have corners and the shield may be positioned close to the corners.
  • the shielding member can be U-shaped, the shielding member is set around the periphery of the feeder assembly, and both ends of the shielding member are grounded.
  • the antenna may include a backplane, and an end of the feeder component away from the first radiation component is connected to the backplane.
  • an end of the ground wire away from the first radiating component has an escape slot, and the projections of the first feeder and the second feeder on the ground line are located in the escape slot to avoid the ground wire from interfering with the first feeder and the second feeder. Positional interference occurs between them.
  • the first radiating component may include a first polarization strip line, a second polarization strip line and feeder components.
  • the first radiation component includes a base plate having a first plate surface and a second plate surface arranged away from each other.
  • the first plate surface is provided with a conductive layer
  • the conductive layer is provided with a first polarized radiation gap and a second polarized radiation gap.
  • the first polarized radiation gap and the second polarized radiation gap can be excited to generate wireless signals; or, the first polarized radiation gap and the second polarized radiation gap can also effectively receive external wireless signals.
  • the first polarized radiation gap includes a first gap segment and a second gap segment that are separated from each other
  • the second polarized radiation gap includes a third gap segment and a fourth gap segment that are separated from each other.
  • the first polarization strip line is used to excite the first slot section and the second slot section of the first polarization radiation slot.
  • the second polarization strip line is used to excite the third slot section and the fourth slot section of the second polarization radiation slot.
  • the feeder assembly includes a first feeder, a ground line and a second feeder. The first feed line is connected to the first polarization strip line, the second feed line is connected to the second polarization strip line, and the ground line is connected to the conductive layer.
  • the first polarization strip line can simultaneously excite the first slot section and the second slot section, thereby achieving a balanced power feeding function.
  • the second polarization strip line can simultaneously excite the third slot section and the fourth slot section, thereby achieving a balanced power feeding function. Therefore, the first polarization strip line and the second polarization strip line can be used as a balun structure.
  • the first polarization strip line and the second polarization strip line are integrated and arranged on the substrate, it is beneficial to achieve a flat design of the antenna.
  • the first polarization radiation slit, the second polarization radiation slit, the first polarization strip line and the second polarization strip line can be simultaneously manufactured, thus improving the convenience during production. .
  • the feeder assembly may be a sandwich structure.
  • the first feeder line, the ground line and the second feeder line can be stacked in sequence, thereby enabling a flat design of the feeder assembly.
  • the ground wire can serve as a common ground for the first feeder and the second feeder, and the ground wire can also effectively isolate the first feeder and the second feeder.
  • the first polarization strip line may have a first connection point, a first feed point, and a second feed point.
  • the first feed line is connected to the first connection point, and the first feed point is used to excite the first gap section.
  • the second feed point is used to energize the second slot section.
  • the signal may be transmitted from the first connection point of the first polarization strip line to the first feed point and the second feed point respectively. That is, the first polarization strip line can realize a signal transmission function divided into two.
  • connection distance between the first connection point and the first feeding point and the second feeding point can be reasonably set according to actual needs, so that balanced feeding can be achieved for the first polarized radiation gap.
  • connection distance between the first connection point and the first and second feed points may be the same.
  • the first board surface of the substrate may be provided with a first soldering pad, and one end of the first feed line is welded to the first soldering pad; the antenna has a first via hole penetrating the first board surface and the second board surface, The first pad is connected to the first connection point through the first via hole.
  • the second polarization strip line When arranging the second polarization strip line, the second polarization strip line may be the same or approximately the same as the first polarization strip line.
  • the second polarization strip line may have a second connection point, a third feed point, and a fourth feed point.
  • the second feed line is connected to the second connection point, and the third feed point is used to excite the third gap section.
  • the fourth feed point is used to excite the fourth slot section.
  • the signal may be transmitted from the second connection point of the second polarization strip line to the third feed point and the fourth feed point respectively. That is, the second polarization strip line can realize a signal transmission function divided into two.
  • connection distance between the second connection point and the third feeding point and the fourth feeding point can be reasonably set according to actual needs, so that balanced feeding can be achieved for the second polarized radiation gap.
  • connection distance between the second connection point and the third and fourth feed points may be the same.
  • the first board surface of the substrate may be provided with a second soldering pad, and one end of the second feed line is welded to the second soldering pad;
  • the antenna has a second via hole penetrating the first board surface and the second board surface, The second pad is connected to the second connection point through the second via hole.
  • the conductive layer may also be provided with a plurality of isolation grooves, and the plurality of isolation grooves are provided along the edge of the conductive layer to improve the isolation between the first polarized radiation gap and the second polarized radiation gap.
  • the length of the isolation groove may be one quarter of the operating wavelength of the first radiating component.
  • the antenna may include a backplane, and an end of the feeder component away from the first radiation component is connected to the backplane.
  • the antenna further includes at least one guide piece, and the at least one guide piece is disposed on a facing side of the first plate surface for broadening the operating bandwidth of the first radiation component.
  • this application also provides a communication device, which may include a controller and any of the above-mentioned antennas.
  • the controller may be connected to a feed component and used to perform frequency selection and other processing on radio frequency signals.
  • the communication equipment may be a base station or a radar, etc. This application does not limit the specific type of communication equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an antenna system provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station antenna feed system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the composition of an antenna system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a partial structure of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram from another perspective of a partial structure of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is an exploded structural schematic diagram of a partial structure of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective structural schematic diagram of a partial structure of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram showing a bridge structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a partial structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG 11 is a partial structural schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 12 is a data diagram showing the radiation gain of a certain polarization of a second radiation component as a function of frequency according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 13 is a data diagram showing the radiation gain of another polarization of a second radiating component provided by an embodiment of the present application as a function of frequency;
  • Figure 14 is a directional diagram of a second radiating component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 15 is another directional diagram of a second radiating component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is another directional diagram of a second radiating component provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • this application scenario can include base stations and terminals. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal.
  • the base station can be located in a base station subsystem (BBS), a terrestrial radio access network (UMTS terrestrial radio access network, UTRAN) or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), Used for cell coverage of wireless signals to achieve communication between terminal equipment and wireless networks.
  • BSS base station subsystem
  • UMTS terrestrial radio access network UTRAN
  • E-UTRAN evolved universal terrestrial radio access network
  • the base station may be a base transceiver station (base) in a global system for mobile communication (GSM) or code division multiple access (CDMA) system.
  • GSM global system for mobile communication
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • BTS transceiver station
  • NB NodeB
  • WCDMA wideband code division multiple access
  • LTE long term evolution
  • eNB evolutional NodeB
  • eNodeB evolutional NodeB
  • CRAN cloud radio access network
  • the base station can also be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system or a base station in a future evolved network, etc.
  • NR new radio
  • a base station provided by an embodiment of the present application includes a base station antenna feeder system.
  • the base station antenna feed system mainly includes antenna 01, feeder 02, grounding device 03, etc.
  • the antenna 01 is generally fixed on the pole 04, and the downtilt angle of the antenna 01 can be adjusted through the antenna adjustment fixing bracket 05 to adjust the signal coverage of the antenna 01 to a certain extent.
  • the base station may also include a radio frequency processing unit 06 (or controller) and a baseband processing unit 20.
  • the radio frequency processing unit 06 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification and frequency down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna 01, and convert it into an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal and send it to the baseband processing unit 20, or the radio frequency processing unit 06 can be used to The intermediate frequency signal sent by the baseband processing unit 20 is converted into a wireless signal through the antenna 01 and sent after up-conversion and amplification processing.
  • the baseband processing unit 20 may be connected to the feed network of the antenna 01 through the radio frequency processing unit 06 .
  • the radio frequency processing unit 06 can also be called a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 20 can also be called a baseband unit (BBU).
  • RRU remote radio unit
  • BBU baseband unit
  • the radio frequency processing unit 06 can be integrally provided with the antenna 01, and the baseband processing unit 20 is located at the far end of the antenna 01.
  • the radio frequency processing unit 06 and the baseband processing unit 20 can pass through a feeder. 02 connection.
  • the radio frequency processing unit 06 and the baseband processing unit 20 can also be located at the remote end of the antenna 01 at the same time.
  • the antenna 01 used in the base station may also include a radome 011, a reflection plate 012 and a feed network 013 located in the radome 011.
  • the reflection plate 012 may also be called a bottom plate or a feed network 013. back panel.
  • the main function of the feed network 013 is to feed the signal to the radiation component 014 according to a certain amplitude and phase, or to send the wireless signal received by the radiation component 014 to the baseband processing unit 20 of the base station according to a certain amplitude and phase.
  • the feed network 013 may include at least one of a phase shifter, a combiner, a transmission or calibration network, a filter, and other devices. This application will not discuss the components, types, and components of the feed network 013. There are no restrictions on the functions that can be realized.
  • the above-mentioned antenna 01 can also be applied to many other types of communication devices, and this application does not limit the application scenarios of the antenna 01.
  • the radome 011 in terms of electrical performance, the radome 011 has good electromagnetic wave penetration, so that it will not affect the normal transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves between the radiation component 014 and the outside world. In terms of mechanical properties, radome 011 has good stress resistance and oxidation resistance, so it can withstand the erosion of harsh external environments.
  • the radiating component 014 can also be called an oscillator, which is a unit that constitutes the basic structure of the antenna. It can effectively transmit or receive electromagnetic waves.
  • the radiating component 014 can include multiple oscillators, and the multiple oscillators can also be used in an array. In specific applications, oscillators can be divided into single-stage and dual-polarization types. In the specific configuration, the type of vibrator can be reasonably selected according to actual needs.
  • 5G fifth generation mobile communication technology
  • Massive multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) technology as one of the key technologies of 5G communication systems, can effectively increase channel capacity.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an antenna that can effectively weaken the electromagnetic coupling between radiating components.
  • the antenna 10 may include a plurality of first radiating components 11 and a plurality of second radiating components 18 .
  • the working frequency of the second radiating component 18 is smaller than the working frequency of the first radiating component 11 .
  • the wireless signal generated by the second radiating component 18 will generate an induced signal in the first radiating component 11 , and the secondary radiation generated by this induced signal will interfere with the working performance of the second radiating component 18 .
  • the length of the feeder component 14 of the first radiating component 11 can be extended to one-eighth to one-half of the operating wavelength of the second radiating component 18, so that the low-frequency common mode can be The current is effectively suppressed to achieve a decoupling effect to ensure the normal working performance of the second radiating component 18 .
  • the feeder component 14 adopts a sandwich-like stacking structure. Therefore, it is convenient to flexibly set the length of the feeder component 14, and it does not occupy much of the back of the first radiating component 11. space.
  • the open-circuit branches 1421 in the ground wire 142 and the shield 15 can suppress the signal radiation of the feeder assembly 14 and ensure the working performance of the antenna 10 .
  • the structural type of the second radiating component 18 may be the same or similar to that of the first radiating component 11 .
  • the second radiating component 18 may also adopt a currently common structural type. The following will take the first radiating component 11 as an example for detailed description.
  • the structural types of the first radiating component 11 may be diverse.
  • the first radiating component 11 is a slot antenna.
  • the antenna 10 may include a first radiation component 11 , a first polarization strip line 12 , a second polarization strip line 13 and a feeder component 14 .
  • the first radiation component 11 includes a base plate 111; the base plate 111 has a first plate surface 111a and a second plate surface 111b arranged away from each other.
  • the first plate surface 111 a is provided with a conductive layer 112
  • the conductive layer 112 is provided with a first polarized radiation gap 113 and a second polarized radiation gap 114 .
  • the first polarized radiation gap 113 and the second polarized radiation gap 114 can be excited to generate wireless signals; or the first polarized radiation gap 113 and the second polarized radiation gap 114 can also be effective for external wireless signals. of reception.
  • the first polarized radiation gap 113 includes a first gap segment 1131 and a second gap segment 1132 that are separated from each other, and the second polarized radiation gap 114 includes a third gap segment 1141 that is separated from each other. and fourth gap segment 1142. Please refer to FIG.
  • the first polarization strip line 12 and the second polarization strip line 13 are disposed on the second plate surface 111b and connected to the conductive layer 112 for stimulating the first gap section of the first polarization radiation gap 113 1131 and the second gap section 1132.
  • the second polarization strip line 13 is used to excite the third gap section 1141 and the fourth gap section 1142 of the second polarization radiation gap 114 .
  • the feeder assembly 14 includes a first feeder 141 , a ground wire 142 and a second feeder 143 . Among them, the first feed line 141 is connected to the first polarization strip line 12 , the second feed line 143 is connected to the second polarization strip line 13 , and the ground line 142 is connected to the conductive layer 112 .
  • the antenna 10 may be a dual-polarized antenna. That is, the first polarized radiation gap 113 and the second polarized radiation gap 114 are arranged orthogonally.
  • the first polarization strip line 12 can excite the first slot section 1131 and the second slot section 1132 at the same time, thereby achieving a balanced power feeding function.
  • the second polarization strip line 13 can excite the third slot section 1141 and the fourth slot section 1142 at the same time, thereby achieving a balanced power feeding function. Therefore, the first polarization strip line 12 and the second polarization strip line 13 can be used as a balun structure.
  • first polarization strip line 12 and the second polarization strip line 13 are integrally provided on the substrate 111 , it is beneficial to achieve a flat design of the antenna 10 .
  • the first feeder line 141 is connected to the first polarization strip line 12, and the first slot section 1131 and the second slot section 1132 can be connected to each other through one first feeder line 141, which is beneficial to reducing the number of feeders used.
  • the second feeder line 143 is connected to the second polarization strip line 13, and the third slot section 1141 and the fourth slot section 1142 can be connected to each other through one second feeder line 143, which is beneficial to reducing the number of feeders used. .
  • the substrate 111 When manufacturing the substrate 111 , the first polarized radiation gap 113 , the second polarized radiation gap 114 , the first polarized strip line 12 and the second polarized strip line 13 can be simultaneously manufactured, which is beneficial to improving the performance of the substrate 111 . Convenience in production.
  • the substrate 111 may be a printed circuit board or a flexible circuit board.
  • the conductive layer 112 may be made of materials with good conductivity such as copper, silver or gold.
  • the first polarization strip line 12 and the second polarization strip line 13 may be microstrip lines or strip lines. This application does not make any specific types of the first polarization strip line 12 and the second polarization strip line 13 . limit.
  • the first polarization strip line 12 may have a first connection point 121 , a first feed point 122 and a second feed point 123 .
  • the first feed line (not shown in the figure) is connected to the first connection point 121
  • the first feed point 122 is connected to the conductive layer 112 on one side of the first slot section 1131 for energizing the first slot section 1131 .
  • the second feed point 123 is connected to the conductive layer 112 on one side of the second gap section 1132 and is used to excite the second gap section 1132 .
  • Signals may be transmitted from the first connection point 121 of the first polarized strip line 12 to the first feed point 122 and the second feed point 123 respectively.
  • the first polarized strip line 12 can realize a signal transmission function divided into two.
  • the connection distance between the first connection point 121 and the first feed point 122 and the second feed point 123 can be reasonably set according to actual needs, so that the first polarized radiation gap 113 can be balanced. Feed.
  • the connection distance between the first connection point 121 and the first and second feed points 122 and 123 may be the same.
  • the connection distance difference between the first connection point 121 and the first and second feed points 122 and 123 may be 1/2* ⁇ .
  • ⁇ is the working wavelength of the first polarized radiation gap 113, that is, ⁇ is the wavelength of the wireless signal generated by the first polarized radiation gap 113 when it propagates in the air.
  • the frequency of the wireless signal generated by the first polarized radiation gap 113 usually covers a certain frequency band, so ⁇ can be the frequency of a wireless signal of a certain frequency in the frequency band in the air. The corresponding wavelength when propagating in medium.
  • the first polarization strip line 12 has branches, and the first connection point 121 is provided on the branches.
  • the length of the branches can be reasonably set according to actual needs, and this application does not limit this.
  • the first feed point 122 and the second feed point 123 are respectively located at both ends of the first polarization strip line 12 , so that the length of the first polarization strip line 12 can be effectively utilized. Understandably, in other examples, The branches may also be omitted, and the first connection point 121 may be provided between the first feed point 122 and the second feed point 123 of the first polarized strip line 12 .
  • the first feeding point 122 is connected to the conductive layer 112 through the via hole 1220 .
  • the via hole 1220 penetrates both surfaces of the substrate 111 , one end of the via hole 1220 is connected to the first feed point 122 of the first polarization strip line 12 , and the other end is connected to the conductive layer 112 .
  • the second feeding point 123 can be connected to the conductive layer 112 through the via hole 1230 .
  • the via hole 1230 penetrates both surfaces of the substrate 111 , one end of the via hole 1230 is connected to the second feed point 123 of the first polarization strip line 12 , and the other end is connected to the conductive layer 112 .
  • coupling feeding and other methods may also be used between the first polarization strip line 12 and the first polarization radiation gap 113, which will not be described again here.
  • the first board surface 111 a of the substrate 111 is also provided with a first pad 115 , and the first connection point 121 is connected to the first through a via hole 1210 .
  • Pad 115 makes the connection.
  • the second polarization strip line 13 may be the same as or approximately the same as the first polarization strip line 12 .
  • the second polarization strip line 13 may have a second connection point 131 , a third feed point 132 and a fourth feed point 133 .
  • the second feed line (not shown in the figure) is connected to the second connection point 131
  • the third feed point 132 is connected to the conductive layer 112 on one side of the third slot section 1141 for energizing the third slot section 1141 .
  • the fourth feeding point 133 is connected to the conductive layer 112 on one side of the fourth gap section 1142, and is used to excite the fourth gap section 1142. Signals may be transmitted from the second connection point 131 of the second polarization strip line 13 to the third feed point 132 and the fourth feed point 133 respectively.
  • the second polarization strip line 13 can realize a signal transmission function divided into two.
  • the connection distance between the second connection point 131 and the third feed point 132 and the fourth feed point 133 can be reasonably set according to actual needs, so that the second polarization radiation gap 114 can be balanced. Feed.
  • the connection distances between the second connection point 131 and the third and fourth feed points 132 and 133 may be the same.
  • the connection distance difference between the second connection point 131 and the third and fourth feed points 132 and 133 may be 1/2* ⁇ .
  • ⁇ is the working wavelength of the second polarized radiation gap 114.
  • the second polarization strip line 13 has branches, and the second connection point 131 is provided on the branches.
  • the length of the branches can be reasonably set according to actual needs, and this application does not limit this.
  • the third feeding point 132 and the fourth feeding point 133 are respectively located at both ends of the second polarization strip line 13 , so that the length of the second polarization strip line 13 can be effectively utilized.
  • the branches may be omitted, and the second connection point 131 may be provided between the third feed point 132 and the fourth feed point 133 of the second polarization strip line 13 .
  • the third feed point 132 is connected to the conductive layer 112 through the via hole 1320 .
  • the via hole 1320 penetrates both surfaces of the substrate 111 , one end of the via hole 1320 is connected to the third feed point 132 of the second polarization strip line 13 , and the other end is connected to the conductive layer 112 .
  • the fourth feeding point 133 can be connected to the conductive layer 112 through the via hole 1330 .
  • the via hole 1330 penetrates both surfaces of the substrate 111 , one end of the via hole 1330 is connected to the fourth feed point 133 of the second polarization strip line 13 , and the other end is connected to the conductive layer 112 .
  • coupling feeding and other methods may also be used between the second polarization strip line 13 and the second polarization radiation gap 114, which will not be described again here.
  • the first plate surface 111a of the substrate 111 also A second bonding pad 116 is provided, and the second connection point 131 is connected to the second bonding pad 116 through the via hole 1310 .
  • the first polarization strip line 12 and the second polarization strip line 13 have an intersecting structure. Therefore, in the example provided in this application, the first polarization strip line 12 also has a bridge structure 13c.
  • the first polarization strip line 12 includes a first segment 12a, a second segment 12b and a bridge structure 12c. Among them, the first segment 12a, the second segment 12b and the second polarization strip line 13 are all located on the second plate surface 111b of the substrate 111, and the second polarization strip line 13 is located on the first segment 12a and the second polarization strip line 13. between segments 12b.
  • the bridge structure 12c includes a via 121c, a via 122c and a metal strip line 123c located on the first board surface 111a.
  • One end of the via hole 121c is connected to the first segment 12a, and the other end is connected to the metal strip line 123c; one end of the via hole 122c is connected to the second segment 12b, and the other end is connected to the metal strip line 123c.
  • bridge structures may also be used in the first polarization strip line 12 .
  • a bridge structure may also be adopted in the second polarization strip line 13, which will not be described again here.
  • the conductive layer 112 is also provided with a plurality of isolation grooves 117 , and the plurality of isolation grooves 117 are provided along the edge of the conductive layer 112 , thereby effectively improving the first Isolation between polarized radiation gap 113 and second polarized radiation gap 114 .
  • the isolation grooves 117 are dumbbell-shaped, and there are four isolation grooves 117 . Isolation grooves 117 are respectively provided between adjacent gap sections.
  • the length dimension of the isolation groove 117 can be 1/4* ⁇ , so that a higher isolation effect can be achieved.
  • ⁇ is the working wavelength of the first radiation component 11.
  • the first radiation component 11 is of dual polarization type, and the operating frequencies of the first polarization radiation gap 113 and the second polarization radiation gap 114 are almost the same. Therefore, the operating frequencies of the first radiating component 11, the first polarized radiation gap 113, and the second polarized radiation gap 114 are almost the same.
  • ⁇ can also be understood as the operating wavelength of the first polarized radiation gap 113 or the operating wavelength of the second polarized radiation gap 114 .
  • the shape, size and number of the isolation grooves 117 can be reasonably set according to actual needs, and this application does not limit this.
  • the first radiating component 11 may also implement wireless communication through a radiating arm.
  • the first radiation component 11 may include a first radiation arm 1131a, a second radiation arm 1132a, a third radiation arm 1141a, and a fourth radiation arm 1142a.
  • the first feed line 141 may be electrically connected to the first radiating arm 1131a and the second radiating arm 1132a
  • the second feeder 143 may be electrically connected to the third radiating arm 1141a and the fourth radiating arm 1142a
  • the ground wire 142 is connected to the conductor 112a.
  • the structural type of the first radiating component 11 can be flexibly set according to actual needs, and the feeder component 14 can be well adapted to a variety of different types of first radiating components 11 .
  • the feeder assembly 14 has a sandwich structure. Specifically, the first feeder line 141, the ground line 142 and the second feeder line 143 are stacked in sequence, so that a flat design of the feeder assembly 14 can be achieved.
  • the first feeder 141 and the ground wire 142 may constitute a transmission line for transmitting signals; the second feeder 143 and the ground wire 142 may constitute another transmission line for transmitting signals.
  • the ground wire 142 serves as the common ground of the first feeder 141 and the second feeder 143, and can have a good isolation effect on the first feeder 141 and the second feeder 142, thereby ensuring efficient signal transmission.
  • the feeder assembly 14 may be disposed in a circuit board (such as a printed circuit board or a flexible circuit board), and the first feeder 141 , the ground wire 142 and the second feeder 143 may be located on different layers in the circuit board. The convenience in manufacturing the feeder assembly 14 can be effectively improved.
  • the ground wire 142 has an open branch 1421, and the length of the open branch 1421 is the first radiation
  • the ground wire 142 may radiate wireless signals, which may deteriorate the pattern characteristics of the first radiation component 11 .
  • the wireless signal radiated by the ground wire 142 can be effectively suppressed, thereby effectively ensuring the pattern performance of the first radiating component 11.
  • the feeder component 14 generally has an L-shaped structure and is located between the backplane 16 and the first radiating component 11 . That is, the feeder assembly 14 has a corner 140; through this structural arrangement, the amount of space occupied by the feeder assembly 14 on the back of the first radiating assembly 11 can be effectively reduced.
  • the feeder assembly 14 is linear, a back space greater than or equal to the length of the feeder assembly 14 needs to be reserved at the back of the first radiating assembly 11 . If the feeder assembly 14 is bent, the back space can be effectively reduced.
  • current radiation may be generated at the corner 140 of the feeder component 14 , which affects the working performance of the first radiation component 11 .
  • the antenna 10 may further include a shield 15 , which is disposed close to the corner 140 and connected to ground.
  • the shielding member 15 may be U-shaped, the shielding member 15 is set around the periphery of the feeder assembly 14, and both ends of the shielding member 15 are grounded.
  • the shield 15 can be short-circuited to ground or coupled to ground. Specifically, when short-circuited to ground, both ends of the shield 15 can be directly conductively connected to the backplane 16 . When coupling to ground, both ends of the shield 15 can maintain a small gap with the backplane.
  • the shielding member 15 may also have other structural shapes such as an arc shape. During specific implementation, the grounding method and shape of the shielding member 15 may be reasonably set according to actual needs, which will not be described again here.
  • the end of the ground wire 142 away from the first radiating component 11 has an escape groove 1422 , and the projection of the first feeder 141 and the second feeder 143 on the ground wire 142 Located in the escape groove 1422.
  • the feeder assembly 14 may be soldered and connected to the backplane 16 , and pads for soldering to the first feeder 141 and the second feeder 143 may be provided in the backplane.
  • the feeder assembly 14 has a sandwich structure, so the distance between the ground wire 142 and the first feeder 141 and the second feeder 143 is relatively close.
  • one end of the ground wire 142 connected to the backplane has an escape groove 1422 .
  • the antenna 10 may also include a guide piece 17a and a guide piece 17b, and the guide piece 17a and the guide piece 17b may be disposed on the first plate surface 111a.
  • the facing side (or the radiation side of the first radiating component 11 ) is used to broaden the operating bandwidth of the first radiating component 11 .
  • the structure types of the guide pieces can be diverse.
  • the guide piece 17a is generally a square piece, and the guide piece 17a works in the lower frequency band of the first radiation component 11.
  • the guide piece 17b is generally an octagonal piece, and the guide piece 17b works in the higher frequency band of the first radiation component 11.
  • the side length of the guide piece 17a may be 0.5 wavelength of the lower frequency band wireless signal of the first radiating component 11 when it propagates in the air.
  • the equivalent diameter of the guide piece 17b may be 0.5 wavelength of the lower high-frequency wireless signal of the first radiating component 11 when it propagates in the air.
  • the equivalent diameter of the guide piece 17b refers to the diameter of the circular area where the guide piece is located.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide data graphs showing changes in the radiation gain of the second radiation component 18 with frequency under different circumstances.
  • the second radiating component 18 is of a dual-polarization type
  • FIG. 12 shows a data diagram of the radiation gain as a function of frequency in one of the polarization directions of the second radiating component 18
  • Figure 13 shows Data plot of radiation gain as a function of frequency in another polarization direction of the second radiating component 18 .
  • the abscissa represents frequency in MHz
  • the ordinate represents radiation gain in dbi.
  • the dashed line represents the data curve of the radiation gain as a function of frequency for a single second radiating component 18 .
  • the solid line represents the data curve of the radiation gain of the second radiating component 18 as a function of frequency after setting up a conventional first radiating component.
  • the dotted line represents the data curve of the radiation gain of the second radiation component 18 as a function of frequency after the first radiation component 11 provided by the embodiment of the present application is installed. That is, the length of the feeder component 14 of the first radiating component 11 is extended to one-eighth to one-half of the operating wavelength of the second radiating component 18 .
  • the radiation gain of the second radiating component 18 will be significantly reduced.
  • the impact of the first radiating component 11 on the second radiating component 18 can be significantly reduced.
  • the second radiating component 18 has better radiation gain.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide directional diagrams of the second radiating component 18 under different circumstances.
  • FIG. 15 the pattern of the second radiating component 18 after a conventional first radiating component is arranged near the second radiating component 18 is shown. It can be seen that the pattern shape at this time has obvious distortion.
  • FIG. 16 what is shown is the direction diagram of the second radiating component 18 after the first radiating component 11 provided by the embodiment of the present application is installed near the second radiating component 18 . It can be seen that the shape of the pattern at this time is relatively convergent and smooth, and is similar to the shape of the pattern in Figure 14.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请提供了一种天线和通信设备，涉及通信技术领域，以解决天线中辐射组件之间电磁耦合的问题。本申请提供的天线包括第一辐射组件和第二辐射组件和馈线组件，第二辐射组件的工作频率小于所述第一辐射组件的工作频率；馈线组件与所述第一辐射组件馈电连接；其中，所述馈线组件包括依次层叠设置的第一馈线、地线和第二馈线，所述馈线组件的长度为所述第二辐射组件的工作波长的八分之一至二分之一。在本申请提供的天线中，通过对第一辐射组件的馈线组件的长度进行合理设置，能够有效降低第一辐射组件和第二辐射组件之间的电磁耦合。

Description

一种天线和通信设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年07月29日提交中国专利局、申请号为202210905341.8、申请名称为“一种天线和通信设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种天线和通信设备。
背景技术
随着通信技术的不断发展，人们对通信设备的性能也有了更高的要求。例如，在无线通信设备中，通常使用天线来实现无线信号传输的功能。在大规模多入多出技术的背景下，天线中需要排布大量的辐射组件，当辐射组件间的距离较小时，就不可避免的造成了相邻的两个辐射组件之间的电磁耦合。辐射组件间的电磁耦合不仅会增大天线的功率损耗，还会引起信号失真等不良情况，因此，减小辐射组件间的电磁耦合对大规模阵列天线的设计至关重要。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种结构简单，能有效降低辐射组件之间电磁耦合的天线和通信设备。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种天线，包括第一辐射组件和第二辐射组件和馈线组件，第二辐射组件的工作频率小于所述第一辐射组件的工作频率；馈线组件与所述第一辐射组件馈电连接。其中，所述馈线组件包括依次层叠设置的第一馈线、地线和第二馈线，所述馈线组件的长度为所述第二辐射组件的工作波长的八分之一至二分之一。在本申请提供的天线中，通过对工作在较高频段的辐射组件(如第一辐射组件)的馈线组件的长度进行合理设置，能够有效降低第一辐射组件和第二辐射组件之间的电磁耦合。
在一种示例中，地线可以具有开路枝节，开路枝节的长度可以为第一辐射组件的工作波长的四分之一，可用于抑制地线的辐射。
在一种示例中，天线还可以包括屏蔽件，屏蔽件可以设置在馈线组件的外围，用于抑制馈线组件的信号辐射。
例如，馈线组件可以具有拐角，屏蔽件可以靠近拐角设置。
在具体设置时，屏蔽件可以为U形，屏蔽件套设在馈线组件的外围，且屏蔽件的两端接地。
或者，在一种示例中，天线可以包括背板，馈线组件远离第一辐射组件的一端与背板连接。
在一种示例中，地线远离第一辐射组件的一端具有避让槽，第一馈线和第二馈线在地线上的投影位于避让槽内，以避免地线与第一馈线和第二馈线之间产生位置干涉。
在对第一辐射组件进行设置时，第一辐射组件可以包括第一极化带线、第二极化带线 和馈线组件。第一辐射组件包括基板，基板具有相背离设置的第一板面和第二板面。第一板面设有导电层，导电层设有第一极化辐射缝隙和第二极化辐射缝隙。其中，第一极化辐射缝隙和第二极化辐射缝隙可以被激发产生无线信号；或者，第一极化辐射缝隙和第二极化辐射缝隙也可以对外界的无线信号进行有效的接收。具体的，第一极化辐射缝隙包括相互分离的第一缝隙段和第二缝隙段，第二极化辐射缝隙包括相互分离的第三缝隙段和第四缝隙段。第一极化带线用于激励第一极化辐射缝隙的第一缝隙段和第二缝隙段。第二极化带线用于激励第二极化辐射缝隙的第三缝隙段和第四缝隙段。馈线组件包括第一馈线、地线和第二馈线。其中，第一馈线与第一极化带线连接，第二馈线与第二极化带线连接，地线与导电层连接。
第一极化带线可以同时对第一缝隙段和第二缝隙段进行激励，从而可以实现平衡馈电的功能。第二极化带线可以同时对第三缝隙段和第四缝隙段进行激励，从而可以实现平衡馈电的功能。因此，第一极化带线和第二极化带线可以作为巴伦结构进行使用。另外，由于第一极化带线第二极化带线集成设置在基板上，因此，有利于实现天线的扁平化设计。在对基板进行制作时，可以一并制作出第一极化辐射缝隙、第二极化辐射缝隙、第一极化带线和第二极化带线，因此，有利于提升制作时的便利性。
在一种示例中，馈线组件可以是三明治结构。例如，第一馈线、地线和第二馈线可以依次层叠设置，从而能够实现馈线组件的扁平化设计。地线可以作为第一馈线和第二馈线的公共地，并且，地线还能对第一馈线和第二馈线实现有效的隔离。
在一种示例中，第一极化带线可以具有第一连接点、第一馈电点和第二馈电点。第一馈线与第一连接点连接，第一馈电点用于激励第一缝隙段。第二馈电点用于激励第二缝隙段。信号可以由第一极化带线的第一连接点分别向第一馈电点和第二馈电点传输。即第一极化带线可以实现一分二的信号传输功能。
在具体实施时，可以根据实际需求对第一连接点与第一馈电点和第二馈电点之间的连接距离进行合理设置，从而可以对第一极化辐射缝隙实现平衡馈电。
例如，第一连接点与第一馈电点和第二馈电点之间的连接距离可以相同。
在一种示例中，基板的第一板面可以设有第一焊盘，第一馈线的一端与第一焊盘焊接；天线具有贯穿第一板面和第二板面的第一过孔，第一焊盘通过第一过孔与第一连接点连接。
在对第二极化带线进行设置时，第二极化带线可以与第一极化带线相同或近似相同。
例如，在一种示例中，第二极化带线可以具有第二连接点、第三馈电点和第四馈电点。第二馈线与第二连接点连接，第三馈电点用于激励第三缝隙段。第四馈电点用于激励第四缝隙段。信号可以由第二极化带线的第二连接点分别向第三馈电点和第四馈电点传输。即第二极化带线可以实现一分二的信号传输功能。
在具体实施时，可以根据实际需求对第二连接点与第三馈电点和第四馈电点之间的连接距离进行合理设置，从而可以对第二极化辐射缝隙实现平衡馈电。
例如，第二连接点与第三馈电点和第四馈电点之间的连接距离可以相同。
在一种示例中，基板的第一板面可以设有第二焊盘，第二馈线的一端与第二焊盘焊接；天线具有贯穿第一板面和第二板面的第二过孔，第二焊盘通过第二过孔与第二连接点连接。
在一种示例中，导电层还可以设有多个隔离槽，多个隔离槽沿导电层的边缘设置，用于提升第一极化辐射缝隙和第二极化辐射缝隙之间的隔离度。
在具体设置时，隔离槽的长度可以为第一辐射组件的工作波长的四分之一。
或者，在一种示例中，天线可以包括背板，馈线组件远离第一辐射组件的一端与背板连接。
在一种示例中，天线还包括至少一个引向片，至少一个引向片设置在第一板面的面向的一侧，用于拓宽第一辐射组件的工作带宽。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种通信设备，可以包括控制器和上述任一种天线，控制器可以与馈电组件连接，用于对射频信号进行选频等处理。
在具体应用时，通信设备可以是基站或雷达等，本申请对通信设备的具体类型不作限制。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种天线系统的应用场景示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种基站天馈系统的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种天线系统的组成示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的立体结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的部分结构的立体结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的部分结构的另一视角的立体结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的部分结构的分解结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种天线的部分结构的透视结构示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种显示桥接结构的剖面结构示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线的部分结构的立体结构示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线的局部结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种第二辐射组件的某一极化的辐射增益随频率变化的数据图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种第二辐射组件的另一极化的辐射增益随频率变化的数据图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种第二辐射组件的方向图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的一种第二辐射组件的另一方向图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种第二辐射组件的另一方向图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
为了方便理解本申请实施例提供的天线和通信设备，下面首先介绍一下其应用场景。
如图1所示，该应用场景可以包括基站和终端。基站和终端之间可以实现无线通信。该基站可以位于基站子系统(base bastion subsystem，BBS)、陆地无线接入网(UMTS terrestrial radio access network，UTRAN)或者演进的陆地无线接入网(evolved universal terrestrial radio access，E-UTRAN)中，用于进行无线信号的小区覆盖以实现终端设备与无线网络之间的通信。具体来说，基站可以是全球移动通信系统(global system for mobile communication，GSM)或(code division multiple access,CDMA)系统中的基地收发台(base  transceiver station，BTS)，也可以是宽带码分多址(wideband code division multiple access，WCDMA)系统中的节点B(NodeB，NB)，还可以是长期演进(long term evolution,LTE)系统中的演进型节点B(evolutional NodeB，eNB或eNodeB)，还可以是云无线接入网络(cloud radio access network，CRAN)场景下的无线控制器。或者该基站也可以为中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及新无线(new radio,NR)系统中的g节点(gNodeB或者gNB)或者未来演进的网络中的基站等，本申请实施例并不限定。
如图2所示，在本申请实施例提供的一种基站中，包括基站天馈系统。在实际应用中，基站天馈系统主要包括天线01、馈线02和接地装置03等。天线01一般固定在抱杆04上，并且可以通过天线调整固定架05来调节天线01的下倾角，以对天线01的信号覆盖范围进行一定程度的调整。
另外，基站还可以包括射频处理单元06(或控制器)和基带处理单元20。例如，射频处理单元06可用于对天线01接收到的信号进行选频、放大以及下变频处理，并将其转换成中频信号或基带信号发送给基带处理单元20，或者射频处理单元06用于将基带处理单元20发出的中频信号经过上变频以及放大处理通过天线01转换成无线信号发送出去。基带处理单元20可通过射频处理单元06与天线01的馈电网络连接。在一些实施方式中，射频处理单元06又可称为射频拉远单元(remote radio unit，RRU)，基带处理单元20又可称为基带单元(baseband unit，BBU)。
如图2所示，在一种可能的实施例中，射频处理单元06可以与天线01一体设置，而基带处理单元20位于天线01的远端，射频处理单元06与基带处理单元20可以通过馈线02连接。在另外的实施例中，还可以使射频处理单元06和基带处理单元20同时位于天线01的远端。
请结合参阅图2和图3所示，应用在基站中的天线01还可以包括天线罩011和位于天线罩011内的反射板012和馈电网络013，其中反射板012也可以称为底板或背板。馈电网络013的主要功能是把信号按照一定的幅度、相位馈送到辐射组件014，或者将辐射组件014接收到的无线信号按照一定的幅度、相位发送到基站的基带处理单元20。可以理解的是，具体实施时，馈电网络013可以包括移相器、合路器、传动或校准网络或者滤波器等器件中的至少一个，本申请对馈电网络013的组成部件、类型和所能实现的功能不作限制。
当然，上述的天线01还可以应用到多种其他类型的通信设备中，本申请对天线01的应用场景不作限制。
对于天线罩011，在电气性能上，天线罩011具有良好的电磁波穿透性，从而不会影响到辐射组件014与外界之间电磁波的正常收发。在机械性能上，天线罩011具有良好的受力性和抗氧化等性能，从而能够经受外界恶劣环境的侵蚀。
对于辐射组件014，也可以称为振子，是构成天线基本结构的单元，它能有效的发射或接收电磁波，辐射组件014中可以包括多个振子，且多个振子也可以组成阵列进行使用。在具体应用中，振子可以分为单级化和双极化等类型。在具体配置时，可以根据实际需求对振子的类型进行合理选择。
另外，随着移动通信技术的不断发展，第五代移动通信技术(5th generation mobile communication technology，5G)也得到了广泛的应用。大规模多入多出技术(multiple-in multipleout，MIMO)作为5G通信系统的关键技术之一，可以有效提高信道容量。
在大规模多入多出技术的背景下，天线01中需要排布大量的辐射组件，当辐射组件间的距离较小时，就不可避免的造成了相邻的两个辐射组件之间的电磁耦合。辐射组件间的电磁耦合不仅会增大天线01的功率损耗，还会引起信号失真等不良情况，因此，减小辐射组件间的电磁耦合对大规模阵列天线10的设计至关重要。
为此，本申请实施例提供了一种能够有效减弱辐射组件之间的电磁耦合的天线。
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图和具体实施例对本申请作进一步地详细描述。
以下实施例中所使用的术语只是为了描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在作为对本申请的限制。如在本申请的说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，单数表达形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”旨在也包括例如“一个或多个”这种表达形式，除非其上下文中明确地有相反指示。还应当理解，在本申请以下各实施例中，“至少一个”是指一个、两个或两个以上。
在本说明书中描述的参考“一个实施例”等意味着在本申请的一个或多个实施例中包括结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特点。由此，在本说明书中的不同之处出现的语句“在一个实施例中”、“在一些实施方式中”、“在另外的实施方式中”等不是必然都参考相同的实施例，而是意味着“一个或多个但不是所有的实施例”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。术语“包括”、“具有”及它们的变形都意味着“包括但不限于”，除非是以其他方式另外特别强调。
如图4所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，天线10中可以包括多个第一辐射组件11和多个第二辐射组件18。其中，第二辐射组件18的工作频率小于第一辐射组件11的工作频率。在实际使用时，第二辐射组件18产生的无线信号会在第一辐射组件11中产生感应信号，这种感应信号产生二次辐射会干扰第二辐射组件18的工作性能。
请结合参阅图4和图5。在本申请提供的一种示例中，可以将第一辐射组件11的馈线组件14的长度延长为第二辐射组件18的工作波长的八分之一至二分之一，从而可以对低频共模电流进行有效抑制，实现去耦的效果，以保证第二辐射组件18的正常工作性能。
另外，在本申请提供的天线10中，馈线组件14采用类似于三明治的堆叠结构，因此，便于对馈线组件14的长度进行灵活设置，并且，也不会占用较多第一辐射组件11的背部空间。另外，通过地线142中的开路枝节1421以及屏蔽件15能够抑制馈线组件14的信号辐射，能保证天线10的工作性能。
可以理解的是，在实际应用时，第二辐射组件18的结构类型可以与第一辐射组件11相同或相似。或者，第二辐射组件18也可以采用目前较为常见的结构类型，以下将以第一辐射组件11为例进行具体说明。
在具体设置时，第一辐射组件11的结构类型可以是多样的。
例如，如图5和图6所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，第一辐射组件11为缝隙天线。具体的，天线10可以包括第一辐射组件11、第一极化带线12、第二极化带线13和馈线组件14。第一辐射组件11包括基板111；基板111具有相背离设置的第一板面111a和第二板面111b。如图5所示，第一板面111a设有导电层112，导电层112设有第一极化辐射缝隙113和第二极化辐射缝隙114。其中，第一极化辐射缝隙113和第二极化辐射缝隙114可以被激发产生无线信号；或者，第一极化辐射缝隙113和第二极化辐射缝隙114也可以对外界的无线信号进行有效的接收。具体的，第一极化辐射缝隙113包括相互分离的第一缝隙段1131和第二缝隙段1132，第二极化辐射缝隙114包括相互分离的第三缝隙段1141 和第四缝隙段1142。请结合参阅图6，第一极化带线12和第二极化带线13设置在第二板面111b并与导电层112连接，用于激励第一极化辐射缝隙113的第一缝隙段1131和第二缝隙段1132。第二极化带线13用于激励第二极化辐射缝隙114的第三缝隙段1141和第四缝隙段1142。馈线组件14包括第一馈线141、地线142和第二馈线143。其中，第一馈线141与第一极化带线12连接，第二馈线143与第二极化带线13连接，地线142与导电层112连接。
在本申请提供的示例中，天线10可以是双极化天线。即第一极化辐射缝隙113和第二极化辐射缝隙114正交设置。第一极化带线12可以同时对第一缝隙段1131和第二缝隙段1132进行激励，从而可以实现平衡馈电的功能。第二极化带线13可以同时对第三缝隙段1141和第四缝隙段1142进行激励，从而可以实现平衡馈电的功能。因此，第一极化带线12和第二极化带线13可以作为巴伦结构进行使用。另外，由于第一极化带线12第二极化带线13集成设置在基板111上，因此，有利于实现天线10的扁平化设计。第一馈线141与第一极化带线12连接，通过一条第一馈线141便可实现对第一缝隙段1131和第二缝隙段1132的馈电连接，有利于降低馈线的使用数量。相应的，第二馈线143与第二极化带线13连接，通过一条第二馈线143便可实现对第三缝隙段1141和第四缝隙段1142的馈电连接，有利于降低馈线的使用数量。在对基板111进行制作时，可以一并制作出第一极化辐射缝隙113、第二极化辐射缝隙114、第一极化带线12和第二极化带线13，因此，有利于提升制作时的便利性。
在具体应用时，基板111可以是印制电路板，也可以是柔性电路板。导电层112的材质可以包括铜、银或金等导电性较好的材质。另外，第一极化带线12和第二极化带线13可以是微带线或带状线等，本申请对第一极化带线12和第二极化带线13的具体类型不作限制。
另外，如图7和图8所示，在具体设置时，第一极化带线12可以具有第一连接点121、第一馈电点122和第二馈电点123。第一馈线(图中未示出)与第一连接点121连接，第一馈电点122与第一缝隙段1131一侧的导电层112连接，用于激励第一缝隙段1131。第二馈电点123与第二缝隙段1132一侧的导电层112连接，用于激励第二缝隙段1132。信号可以由第一极化带线12的第一连接点121分别向第一馈电点122和第二馈电点123传输。即第一极化带线12可以实现一分二的信号传输功能。在具体实施时，可以根据实际需求对第一连接点121与第一馈电点122和第二馈电点123之间的连接距离进行合理设置，从而可以对第一极化辐射缝隙113实现平衡馈电。例如，在一些情况下，第一连接点121与第一馈电点122和第二馈电点123之间的连接距离可以相同。或者，在另一些情况下，第一连接点121与第一馈电点122和第二馈电点123之间的连接距离差可以是1/2*λ。其中，λ为第一极化辐射缝隙113的工作波长，即λ为第一极化辐射缝隙113所产生的无线信号在空气中传播时的波长。可以理解的是，由于在实际应用中，第一极化辐射缝隙113所产生的无线信号的频率通常覆盖到某一频段，因此，λ可以是在该频段内的某一频率的无线信号在空气中传播时对应的波长。
另外，如图7和图9所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，第一极化带线12具有枝节，第一连接点121设置于该枝节上。在具体应用时，可以根据实际需求对枝节的长度进行合理设置，本申请对此不作限定。第一馈电点122和第二馈电点123分别位于第一极化带线12的两端，从而可以有效利用第一极化带线12的长度。可以理解的是，在其他的示例中， 枝节也可以省略设置，第一连接点121可以设置在第一极化带线12的第一馈电点122和第二馈电点123之间。
另外，在本申请提供的一种示例中，第一馈电点122通过过孔1220与导电层112进行连接。具体来说，过孔1220贯穿基板111的两个板面，过孔1220的一端与第一极化带线12的第一馈电点122连接，另一端与导电层112连接。
相应的，第二馈电点123可以通过过孔1230与导电层112进行连接。具体来说，过孔1230贯穿基板111的两个板面，过孔1230的一端与第一极化带线12的第二馈电点123连接，另一端与导电层112连接。
可以理解的是，在其他的示例中，第一极化带线12与第一极化辐射缝隙113之间也可以采用耦合馈电等方式，在此不作赘述。
另外，如图7和图9所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，基板111的第一板面111a还设有第一焊盘115，第一连接点121通过过孔1210与第一焊盘115进行连接。
另外，在对第二极化带线13进行设置时，第二极化带线13可以与第一极化带线12相同或近似相同。
例如，如图7和图9所示，第二极化带线13可以具有第二连接点131、第三馈电点132和第四馈电点133。第二馈线(图中未示出)与第二连接点131连接，第三馈电点132与第三缝隙段1141一侧的导电层112连接，用于激励第三缝隙段1141。第四馈电点133与第四缝隙段1142一侧的导电层112连接，用于激励第四缝隙段1142。信号可以由第二极化带线13的第二连接点131分别向第三馈电点132和第四馈电点133传输。即第二极化带线13可以实现一分二的信号传输功能。在具体实施时，可以根据实际需求对第二连接点131与第三馈电点132和第四馈电点133之间的连接距离进行合理设置，从而可以对第二极化辐射缝隙114实现平衡馈电。例如，在一些情况下，第二连接点131与第三馈电点132和第四馈电点133之间的连接距离可以相同。或者，在另一些情况下，第二连接点131与第三馈电点132和第四馈电点133之间的连接距离差可以是1/2*λ。其中，λ为第二极化辐射缝隙114的工作波长。
另外，如图7和图9所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，第二极化带线13具有枝节，第二连接点131设置于该枝节上。在具体应用时，可以根据实际需求对枝节的长度进行合理设置，本申请对此不作限定。第三馈电点132和第四馈电点133分别位于第二极化带线13的两端，从而可以有效利用第二极化带线13的长度。可以理解的是，在其他的示例中，枝节也可以省略设置，第二连接点131可以设置在第二极化带线13的第三馈电点132和第四馈电点133之间。
另外，在本申请提供的一种示例中，第三馈电点132通过过孔1320与导电层112连接。具体来说，过孔1320贯穿基板111的两个板面，过孔1320的一端与第二极化带线13的第三馈电点132连接，另一端与导电层112连接。
相应的，第四馈电点133可以通过过孔1330与导电层112进行连接。具体来说，过孔1330贯穿基板111的两个板面，过孔1330的一端与第二极化带线13的第四馈电点133连接，另一端与导电层112连接。
可以理解的是，在其他的示例中，第二极化带线13与第二极化辐射缝隙114之间也可以采用耦合馈电等方式，在此不作赘述。
另外，如图7和图9所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，基板111的第一板面111a还 设有第二焊盘116，第二连接点131通过过孔1310与第二焊盘116进行连接。
另外，如图7和图8所示，在本申请提供的示例中，第一极化带线12与第二极化带线13为交叉的结构。因此，在本申请提供的示例中，第一极化带线12还具有桥接结构13c。具体来说，第一极化带线12包括第一分段12a、第二分段12b和桥接结构12c。其中，第一分段12a、第二分段12b与第二极化带线13均位于基板111的第二板面111b，并且，第二极化带线13位于第一分段12a和第二分段12b之间。桥接结构12c包括过孔121c、过孔122c和位于第一板面111a的金属带线123c。过孔121c的一端与第一分段12a连接，另一端与金属带线123c连接；过孔122c的一端与第二分段12b连接，另一端与金属带线123c连接。当信号由第一连接点121传入第一极化带线12后，信号可通过过孔121c、金属带线123c和过孔122c所组成的桥接结构12c传至第二馈电点123。
可以理解的是，在其他的示例中，第一极化带线12中也可以采用其他类型的桥接结构。或者，在第二极化带线13中也可以采用桥接结构，在此不作赘述。
另外，如图9所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，导电层112还设有多个隔离槽117，多个隔离槽117沿导电层112的边缘设置，从而可以有效的提升第一极化辐射缝隙113和第二极化辐射缝隙114之间的隔离度。具体的，在本申请提供的一种示例中，隔离槽117为哑铃状，并且设有四个。隔离槽117分别设置在相邻的缝隙段之间。
另外，在具体设置时，隔离槽117的长度尺寸可以是1/4*λ，从而可以实现较高的隔离效果。其中，λ为第一辐射组件11的工作波长。在本申请提供的示例中，第一辐射组件11为双极化类型，第一极化辐射缝隙113和第二极化辐射缝隙114的工作频率几乎相同。因此，第一辐射组件11、第一极化辐射缝隙113、和第二极化辐射缝隙114的工作频率几乎相同。λ也可以理解为第一极化辐射缝隙113的工作波长或者第二极化辐射缝隙114的工作波长。
可以理解的是，在其他的示例中，隔离槽117的形状、尺寸和数量可以根据实际需求进行合理设置，本申请对此不作限定。
另外，如图10所示，在本申请提供的另一种示例中，第一辐射组件11也可以是通过辐射臂来实现无线通讯。具体来说，第一辐射组件11可以包括第一辐射臂1131a、第二辐射臂1132a、第三辐射臂1141a和第四辐射臂1142a。第一馈线141可以与第一辐射臂1131a和第二辐射臂1132a馈电连接，第二馈线143可以与第三辐射臂1141a和第四辐射臂1142a馈电连接，地线142与导电体112a连接。
或者，可以理解的是，在实际应用中，第一辐射组件11的结构类型可以根据实际需求进行灵活设置，馈线组件14可以与多种不同类型的第一辐射组件11进行良好适配。
对于馈线组件14，如图11所示，在本申请提供的示例中，馈线组件14为三明治结构。具体来说，第一馈线141、地线142和第二馈线143依次层叠设置，从而能够实现馈线组件14的扁平化设计。其中，第一馈线141和地线142可构成用于传输信号的传输线；第二馈线143和地线142可构成用于传输信号的另一传输线。地线142作为第一馈线141和第二馈线143的公共地，可以对第一馈线141和第二馈线142起到良好的隔绝效果，从而保证信号的高效传输。在具体实施时，馈线组件14可以设置在电路板(如印制电路板或柔性电路板)中，第一馈线141、地线142和第二馈线143可以位于电路板中的不同层。可以有效提升在对馈线组件14进行制作时的便利性。
另外，如图11所示，地线142具有开路枝节1421，开路枝节1421的长度为第一辐射 组件11的工作波长的四分之一，可用于抑制地线142的辐射。例如，在实际应用中，可能需要将馈线组件14设置的较长，因此，地线142可能会辐射无线信号，会恶化第一辐射组件11的方向图特性。在本申请提供的示例中，通过在地线142中设置开路枝节，能够有效的抑制地线142所辐射的无线信号，从而可以有效保证第一辐射组件11的方向图性能。
另外，如图11所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，馈线组件14大体呈L形结构，并位于背板16和第一辐射组件11之间。即馈线组件14具有一个拐角140；通过这种结构设置可以有效缩减馈线组件14对第一辐射组件11的背部空间的占用量。例如，当馈线组件14为直线形时，在第一辐射组件11的背部需要预留大于或等于馈线组件14长度的背部空间。若将馈线组件14进行弯折，则可以有效降低背部空间。
在实际使用时，馈线组件14的拐角140处可能会产生电流辐射，而影响到第一辐射组件11的工作性能。
为此，如图11所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，天线10还可以包括屏蔽件15，屏蔽件15靠近拐角140设置，并接地连接。
具体来说，屏蔽件15可以为U形，屏蔽件15套设在馈线组件14的外围，且屏蔽件15的两端接地。
在具体设置时，屏蔽件15可以短路接地，也可以耦合接地。具体来说，在短路接地时，屏蔽件15的两端可以直接与背板16导电连接。在耦合接地时，屏蔽件15的两端可以与背板保持较小间隙。另外，在其他的示例中，屏蔽件15也可以是弧形等其他的结构形状，在具体实施时，可以根据实际需求对屏蔽件15的接地方式、形状等进行合理设置，在此不作赘述。
另外，如图11所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，地线142远离第一辐射组件11的一端具有避让槽1422，第一馈线141和第二馈线143在地线142上的投影位于避让槽1422内。具体来说，在实际应用时，馈线组件14可以与背板16焊接连接，在背板中可以设置用于与第一馈线141和第二馈线143焊接的焊盘。馈线组件14为三明治结构，因此，地线142与第一馈线141和第二馈线143之间的距离较近。为了避免地线142对焊盘形成遮挡，地线142与背板连接的一端具有避让槽1422。
另外，如图11所示，在本申请提供的一种示例中，天线10还可以包括引向片17a和引向片17b，引向片17a和引向片17b可以设置在第一板面111a所面向的一侧(或第一辐射组件11的辐射侧)，用于拓宽第一辐射组件11的工作带宽。
在具体设置时，引向片的结构类型可以是多样的。例如，在本申请提供的一种示例中，引向片17a大致为方形片体，引向片17a工作在第一辐射组件11的较低频段。引向片17b大致为八边形片体，引向片17b工作在第一辐射组件11的较高频段。在具体设置时，引向片17a的边长可以为第一辐射组件11的较低频段的无线信号在空气中传播时的0.5波长。引向片17b的等效直径可以为第一辐射组件11的较低高频段的无线信号在空气中传播时的0.5波长。其中，引向片17b的等效直径指的是引向片所在的圆形区域的直径。
可以理解的是，在具体设置时，引向片的数量、尺寸和形状等参数可以根据实际情况进行合理选择，本申请对此不作限定。
另外，如图12和图13所示，本申请实施例还提供了不同情况下的第二辐射组件18的辐射增益随频率变化的数据图。其中，第二辐射组件18为双极化类型，图12表示的是第二辐射组件18的其中一个极化方向上，辐射增益随频率变化的数据图。图13表示的是 第二辐射组件18的另外一个极化方向上，辐射增益随频率变化的数据图。
图12和图13中，横坐标表示频率，单位为MHz，纵坐标表示辐射增益，单位为dbi。另外，虚线表示单独的第二辐射组件18的辐射增益随频率变化的数据曲线。实线表示设置常规的第一辐射组件后，第二辐射组件18的辐射增益随频率变化的数据曲线。点画线表示设置本申请实施例提供的第一辐射组件11后，第二辐射组件18的辐射增益随频率变化的数据曲线。即，第一辐射组件11的馈线组件14的长度延长为第二辐射组件18的工作波长的八分之一至二分之一。
通过对比可以发现，在第二辐射组件18附近设置常规的第一辐射组件后，会明显降低第二辐射组件18的辐射增益。将第一辐射组件的馈线组件14的长度延长为第一辐射组件18的工作波长的八分之一至二分之一后，可以明显降低第一辐射组件11对第二辐射组件18的影响，使第二辐射组件18具有较好的辐射增益。
另外，如图14至图16所示，本申请实施例还提供了不同情况下的第二辐射组件18的方向图。
在图14中，表示的是单独的第二辐射组件18的方向图。可以看出，此时的方向图形状比较收敛、平滑。
在图15中，表示的是在第二辐射组件18附近设置常规的第一辐射组件后的第二辐射组件18的方向图。可以看出，此时的方向图形状产生了明显的畸变。
在图16中，表示的是在第二辐射组件18附近设置本申请实施例提供的第一辐射组件11后的第二辐射组件18的方向图。可以看出，此时的方向图形状比较收敛、平滑，与图14中方向图的形状比较相近。
在应用中，第二辐射组件18的方向图形状越收敛、平滑，表示第二辐射组件18的工作性能越好，因此，通过应用本申请实施例提供的第一辐射组件11，可以有效保证第二辐射组件18的工作性能。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：
    第一辐射组件；
    第二辐射组件，所述第二辐射组件的工作频率小于所述第一辐射组件的工作频率；
    馈线组件，与所述第一辐射组件馈电连接；
    其中，所述馈线组件包括依次层叠设置的第一馈线、地线和第二馈线，所述馈线组件的长度为所述第二辐射组件的工作波长的八分之一至二分之一。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述地线具有开路枝节，所述开路枝节的长度为所述第一辐射组件的工作波长的四分之一。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括屏蔽件；
    所述馈线组件具有拐角，所述屏蔽件靠近所述拐角设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述屏蔽件为U形，所述屏蔽件套设在所述馈线组件的外围，且所述屏蔽件的两端接地。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括背板，所述馈线组件远离所述第一辐射组件的一端与所述背板连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线，其特征在于，所述地线远离所述第一辐射组件的一端具有避让槽，所述第一馈线和所述第二馈线在所述地线上的投影位于所述避让槽内。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一辐射组件包括基板、第一极化带线和第二极化带线；
    所述基板具有相背离设置的第一板面和第二板面；
    所述第一板面设有导电层，所述导电层设有第一极化辐射缝隙和第二极化辐射缝隙；
    其中，所述第一极化辐射缝隙包括第一缝隙段和第二缝隙段，所述第二极化辐射缝隙包括第三缝隙段和第四缝隙段；
    所述第一极化带线设置在所述第二板面，用于激励所述第一极化辐射缝隙的所述第一缝隙段和第二缝隙段；
    所述第二极化带线设置在所述第二板面，用于激励所述第二极化辐射缝隙的所述第三缝隙段和第四缝隙段；
    其中，所述第一馈线与所述第一极化带线连接，所述第二馈线与所述第二极化带线连接，所述地线与所述导电层连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一极化带线具有第一连接点、第一馈电点和第二馈电点；
    所述第一馈线与所述第一连接点连接，所述第一馈电点用于激励所述第一缝隙段，所述第二馈电点用于激励所述第二缝隙段；
    其中，所述第一连接点与所述第一馈电点和所述第二馈电点之间的连接距离相等。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一板面设有第一焊盘，所述第一馈线的一端与所述第一焊盘焊接；
    所述天线具有贯穿所述第一板面和所述第二板面的第一过孔，所述第一焊盘通过所述第一过孔与所述第一连接点连接。
  10. 根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第二极化带线具有第 二连接点、第三馈电点和第四馈电点；
    所述第二馈线与所述第二连接点连接，所述第三馈电点用于激励所述第三缝隙段，所述第四馈电点用于激励所述第四缝隙段；
    其中，所述第二连接点与所述第三馈电点和所述第四馈电点之间的连接距离相等。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一板面设有第二焊盘，所述第二馈线的一端与所述第二焊盘焊接；
    所述天线具有贯穿所述第一板面和所述第二板面的第二过孔，所述第二焊盘通过所述第二过孔与所述第二连接点连接。
  12. 根据权利要求7至11中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述导电层还设有多个隔离槽，多个所述隔离槽沿所述导电层的边缘设置。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的天线，其特征在于，所述隔离槽的长度为所述第一辐射组件的工作波长的四分之一。
  14. 根据权利要求7至13中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述第一极化辐射缝隙和所述第二极化辐射缝隙正交设置。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，还包括至少一个引向片，所述至少一个引向片设置在所述第一辐射组件的辐射方向。
  16. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，包括控制器和如权利要求1至15中任一项所述的天线，所述控制器与所述馈电组件连接。
PCT/CN2023/094573 2022-07-29 2023-05-16 一种天线和通信设备 Ceased WO2024021780A1 (zh)

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