WO2024022048A1 - 手术器械的末端执行机构及手术器械 - Google Patents

手术器械的末端执行机构及手术器械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024022048A1
WO2024022048A1 PCT/CN2023/105723 CN2023105723W WO2024022048A1 WO 2024022048 A1 WO2024022048 A1 WO 2024022048A1 CN 2023105723 W CN2023105723 W CN 2023105723W WO 2024022048 A1 WO2024022048 A1 WO 2024022048A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
guide wheel
end effector
upper guide
axis
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/105723
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王泽睿
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cornerstone Technology Shenzhen Ltd
Original Assignee
Cornerstone Technology Shenzhen Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202210883433.0A external-priority patent/CN116509551B/zh
Application filed by Cornerstone Technology Shenzhen Ltd filed Critical Cornerstone Technology Shenzhen Ltd
Priority to JP2025504266A priority Critical patent/JP7900097B2/ja
Priority to EP23845261.9A priority patent/EP4548872A4/en
Publication of WO2024022048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024022048A1/zh
Priority to US19/036,939 priority patent/US20250169840A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30—Surgical robots
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70—Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/71—Manipulators operated by drive cable mechanisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30—Surgical robots
    • A61B2034/305—Details of wrist mechanisms at distal ends of robotic arms

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to an end effector of a surgical instrument and a surgical instrument.
  • the distal wrist joint of existing surgical instruments usually has three degrees of freedom, namely pitch, yaw and movement of the end effector.
  • the actions of the end effector are, for example, clamping, grabbing, or shearing.
  • such surgical instruments In order to reduce the surgical wound and facilitate flexible operation in the narrow space of the target surgical site, such surgical instruments generally have smaller diameters and use wire drive to transmit motion from the proximal end of the surgical instrument to the distal wrist joint.
  • an end effector of a surgical instrument which includes:
  • At least one set of guide wheel sets is provided on the lower support member and is rotatable about the guide wheel axis relative to the lower support member;
  • a middle support member includes a first support part for defining an actuator axis and a second support part for defining an axis of the guide wheel, the second support part is connected to the at least one set of One of the guide pulley sets is rotatable around the guide pulley axis, wherein the first support part is located in the distal direction of the second support part;
  • An end effector is connected to the lower support through a middle support, and the end effector and the first support part are rotatable about the actuator axis.
  • the actuator axis and the guide wheel axis defined by the second support part are out-of-plane straight lines, and the angle between them is an acute angle.
  • the actuator axis corresponding to the yaw axis and the guide wheel axis corresponding to the pitch axis are arranged in straight and non-vertical planes, which can ensure that the end effector extends downward.
  • the drive line to the guide wheel set is tangential to the guide structure of each guide wheel it cooperates with. Therefore, when the end effector is operated, the drive line The tension of the wire will produce a radial force on the guide wheel, and the axial force on the guide wheel will be reduced.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an end effector according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is an exploded perspective view of the end effector shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the first end effector shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the first end effector shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the middle support member shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a top view of the middle support member shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 is a top view of the upper guide wheel set shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the lower support member shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of the first end effector with drive wire shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 10 is a side view of the first end effector with drive wire shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 11 is a perspective view of the first end effector with drive line, the upper guide pulley set and the lower guide pulley set shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 12 is another perspective view of the second end effector with drive line, the upper guide pulley set and the lower guide pulley set shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of the first end effector, the second end effector, the upper guide pulley set and the lower guide pulley set with the driving wire shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of an end effector according to another embodiment of the present application, in which the middle support member is a fork-shaped structure;
  • Figure 15 is a side view of the end effector shown in Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a perspective view of the middle support member shown in Figure 14;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional surgical robot system.
  • FIG. 17 shows the structure of a surgical robot system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the surgical robot system includes a surgical robot 10 and a surgical instrument 12 provided on the surgical robot 10 .
  • the surgical robot 10 includes a base 15 and at least one set of robotic arms 11 rotatably disposed on the upper end of the base 15 .
  • the surgical instrument 12 is provided at the end of each group of robotic arms 11 .
  • the surgical instrument 12 can be detachable to facilitate individual replacement and sterilization of the surgical instrument 12 .
  • the surgical instrument 12 includes a rear end mechanism 14, a main pipeline 13 and an end effector 100.
  • the main pipeline 13 extends from the rear end mechanism 14 to the front end, and the end effector 100 is disposed at the front end of the main pipeline 13 .
  • the end effector 100 is connected to the main pipeline 13 through a wrist joint, so that the end effector 100 has at least one degree of freedom of movement relative to the main pipeline 13 .
  • the backend mechanism 14 drives the end effector 100 through a plurality of cables passing through the main pipeline 13 .
  • the proximal end also called the back end
  • the distal end also called the front end
  • the wrist joint uses grooves or holes to guide the drive wires.
  • this method resulted in a large friction force between the wire and the groove or channel, which in turn reduced the accuracy of motion transmission from the proximal end to the distal end and caused lag in the master-slave teleoperation process, affecting the surgery. Effect.
  • these frictions will also accelerate the wear of the drive wires and reduce the service life of surgical instruments.
  • embodiments of the present application provide an end effector and a surgical instrument having the end effector.
  • the end effector 100 may include an end effector 110 , a middle support 120 , at least one set of guide pulleys, a lower support 180 and a driving line (not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , See Figure 9 to Figure 13).
  • the end effector 110 may be any form of effector such as pliers, scissors, and clips.
  • End effector 110 is connected to lower support 180 through middle support 120 .
  • At least one set of guide wheel sets is disposed on the lower support member 180 and is rotatable relative to the lower support member 180 around the guide wheel axis.
  • End effector 110 is rotatable about effector axis 190 .
  • the middle support 120 and at least one set of guide pulley sets are rotatable around the guide pulley axis.
  • the drive wire can be wrapped around the end effector 110 and at least one guide wheel in one set of guide wheels.
  • the end effector 100 includes a pair of end effectors at the end, a middle support 120,
  • the fork-shaped lower support member 180 has 10 guide wheels and 3 shaft pins.
  • the pair of end effectors are fixed on both sides of the middle support member 120 through a shaft pin.
  • Each of the pair of end effectors can independently freely rotate around the axis of the shaft pin to achieve a clamping action. That is, the pair of end effectors
  • the two end-execution parts rotate in opposite directions
  • the releasing action means that the pair of end-execution parts rotate in opposite directions
  • the yaw action means that the pair of end-execution parts rotate in the same direction.
  • the middle support member 120 is passed through its pivot pin and fixed in the middle of the fork-shaped lower support member 180 .
  • the middle support member 120 can rotate relative to the fork-shaped lower support member 180 around the axis of its pivot pin to achieve pitching motion.
  • the end effector 110 includes two end effectors arranged oppositely, namely a first end effector 110a and a second end effector 110b.
  • the structures of the two end effectors can be configured to have shapes and structures corresponding to pliers, scissors or clips as needed.
  • the first end execution part 110a and the second end execution part 110b have substantially the same structure, and they are arranged in a mirror image.
  • the driving lines include first driving lines 101 and second driving lines 102 .
  • the first drive line 101 is used for the first end effector 110a.
  • the second drive line 102 is used for the second end effector 110b.
  • FIG. 3 shows the outer structure of the first end effector 110a
  • FIG. 4 shows the inner structure of the first end effector 110a
  • the head of the first end effector 110a may be provided with an anti-slip structure 111 located on the inside, such as staggered grooves, which can prevent the clamped objects (such as human tissue and surgical needles) from sliding.
  • the base of the first end effector 110a may be provided with first and second threading holes 112 and 113 spaced apart in the vertical direction, and third and fourth threading holes 114 and 115 spaced apart in the vertical direction.
  • the four threading holes are all through holes, for example, through holes extending between the inner surface of the end effector 110 and its outer surface.
  • the first wire portion 101a of the first driving wire 101 passes through the first threading hole 112 from the inside of the first end effector 110a and extends downward through the second threading hole 113.
  • the first The second wire portion 101b of the driving wire 101 passes through the third wire hole 114 from the inner side of the first end effector 110a and extends downward through the fourth wire hole 115.
  • the first line portion 101a and the second line portion 101b are of an integrated structure, that is, the first driving line 101 is one line.
  • the driving wire is repeatedly bent, for example, eight times at the entrance and exit of each threading hole, causing plastic deformation, so that the driving wire is fixed on the end effector 110 .
  • the installation method of the drive wire on the end effector 110 can be replaced by using a short tube to tighten the drive wire, and clamping the structure on the end effector 110 through both ends of the short tube to limit the drive wire relative to the end effector. Movement of element 110.
  • first wire part 101a and the second wire part 101b are separate components, that is, the first driving wire 101 is two wires.
  • the ends of each wire use fixed connectors. (clamping, gluing, welding, riveting, etc.) fixed on the end effector 110 to limit the movement of the driving wire relative to the end effector 110 .
  • the ends of the two driving wires can be welded to the first end effector 110a; or the ends of the two driving wires can be clamped through auxiliary parts such as short tubes to snap into the corresponding
  • the threading hole may be fixed on the first end effector 110a.
  • the first threading hole 112 and the third threading hole 114 are in position corresponding to each other in the horizontal direction, and the second threading hole 113 and the fourth threading hole 115 are in position corresponding to each other in the horizontal direction.
  • a first slot 116 is provided between the first threading hole 112 and the second threading hole 113, and a second slot 117 is arranged between the third threading hole 114 and the fourth threading hole 115.
  • the first slot 116 and the second slot 117 are both Located outside the end effector 110 surface.
  • the driving wire is located in the first groove 116 and the second groove 117 to limit the position of the driving wire so that the driving wire is more firmly and reliably fixed to the end effector.
  • the manner in which the second driving wire 102 is arranged on the second end execution part 110b is substantially the same as the first driving line 101 being arranged on the first end execution part 110a. For the sake of simplicity, details will not be described again here.
  • the first end effector 110a By stretching the two wire portions of both the first drive wire 101 and the second drive wire 102, the first end effector 110a, the second end effector 110b can be driven to rotate around their axes. Further, by independently rotating the first end effector 110a and the second end effector 110b, the gripping and yawing actions of the wrist joint can be realized.
  • the installation method of the drive wires on the end effector 110 of this embodiment greatly facilitates assembly and improves the reliability of the use of surgical instruments, which is especially important in surgical micro-instruments. .
  • the base of the first end effector 110a may also be provided with an actuator shaft hole 118 and a first guide wheel part 119a.
  • Actuator shaft bore 118 is a through bore, such as a through bore extending between the inner surface of end effector 110 and its outer surface.
  • the first guide wheel portion 119a is located inside the first end effector 110a. The driving wire passing inward from the second threading hole 113 and the fourth threading hole 115 can be wound around both sides of the first guide wheel portion 119a accordingly.
  • Figure 5 shows the middle support member 120 of this embodiment.
  • the middle support member 120 extends from the proximal end to the distal end.
  • the middle support member 120 extends in the direction of the instrument axis, where the instrument The direction of the axis includes a direction extending from the proximal end to the distal end of the instrument and a direction extending from the distal end to the proximal end, for example, extending along the first direction D1.
  • the end effector 110, the middle support 120, at least one set of guide pulleys and the lower support 180 are arranged in the length direction of the end effector 100. In the placement state of the end effector 100 shown in Figure 1, the end effector The length direction of 100 is parallel to the vertical direction.
  • first direction D1 herein refers to the direction that is substantially the same as the proximal-to-distal direction of the surgical instrument or the length direction of the end effector 100, or in the placement state of the end effector 100 shown in Figure 1, with A direction parallel to the vertical direction.
  • the middle support 120 includes a first support portion 121 for defining an actuator axis 190 and a second support portion 122 for defining a guide wheel axis.
  • the end effector 110 and the first support portion 121 are rotatable about the effector axis 190 .
  • the second support portion 122 is rotatable about the guide wheel axis with at least one of the guide wheel sets.
  • the first support portion 121 is provided with a first middle support hole 123 , the centerline of the first middle support hole 123 defines the actuator axis 190 , in other words, the centerline of the first middle support hole 123 is connected to the actuator axis 190 .
  • the tool axis 190 is collinear; the second support part 122 is provided with a second middle support hole 124, and the center line of the second middle support hole 124 defines a guide wheel axis.
  • the center line of the first middle support hole 123 is consistent with the center line of the second middle support hole 124.
  • the guide wheel axes are collinear.
  • the actuator axis 190 and the guide wheel axis defined by the second support part 122 are out-of-plane straight lines, and the angle ⁇ between them is an acute angle. Further speaking from another aspect, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 , the actuator axis 190 has an actuator axis projection on the horizontal section P of the guide wheel assembly rotatable around the guide wheel axis defined by the second support portion 122 190', where the guide wheel axis defined by the second support portion 122 is on this horizontal section P.
  • the actuator axis projection 190' is non-orthogonal to the guide wheel axis 191 defined by the second support part 122, or it can be said that the included angle ⁇ is an acute angle.
  • the actuator axis 190 and the guide wheel axis 191 defined by the second support part 122 are both perpendicular to the direction of the instrument axis, where the direction of the instrument axis is the direction extending from the proximal end to the distal end.
  • the pitch angle is the angle at which the end effector 110 rotates around the guide wheel axis 191 or the pitch axis 191 and deviates from the instrument axis.
  • the yaw angle is the angle at which the end effector 110 rotates around the actuator axis 190 or the yaw axis 190 and deviates from the instrument axis.
  • actuator axis 190 herein corresponds to the yaw axis defined by second support portion 122
  • the guide wheel axis corresponds to the pitch axis.
  • the pitch axis and the yaw axis are straight and non-vertical, it is possible to ensure that the drive line extending downward from the end effector 110 to the guide wheel assembly is tangent to the guide structure of each guide wheel it cooperates with. Therefore, when the end effector 110 is operated, the guide structure of the drive wire and the guide wheel receives less force at the initial contact position, and generates less friction, thereby reducing wear of the drive wire.
  • the first support part 121 and the second support part 122 are integral structures, or the first support part 121 and the second support part 122 are separate components. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , both the first support part 121 and the second support part 122 are configured in a cylindrical shape. The first support part 121 and the second support part 122 are connected at their cylindrical surfaces, and the first support part 121 is located between the first end effector 110a and the second end effector 110b.
  • the middle support 120 is configured like a twisted figure eight.
  • the first middle support hole 123 is spaced apart from the second middle support hole 124 in the first direction D1 such that the actuator axis 190 is spaced in the first direction D1 from the guide wheel axis defined by the second support portion 122 .
  • At least one set of guide pulleys includes an upper guide pulley set 140 and a lower guide pulley set 160 .
  • the upper guide pulley set 140 is rotatable about the first guide pulley axis 191 relative to the lower support member 180
  • the lower guide pulley set 160 is rotatable about the second guide pulley axis 192 relative to the lower support member 180 .
  • the middle support member 120 and the upper guide wheel set 140 are coaxially arranged, that is, both are rotatable around the first guide wheel axis 191 .
  • the first guide wheel axis 191 may be parallel to the second guide wheel axis 192 .
  • the second support part 122 defines a first guide wheel axis 191
  • the second support part 122 and the upper guide wheel set 140 are rotatable around the first guide wheel axis 191 .
  • the center line of the second middle support hole 124 defines the first guide wheel axis 191 .
  • the center line of the first middle support hole 123 is collinear with the first guide wheel axis 191 .
  • the upper guide wheel set 140 includes a first upper guide wheel 141 and a second upper guide wheel 142 located on one side of the second support part 122 and a third upper guide wheel 143 located on the other side of the second support part 122.
  • the fourth upper side guide wheel 144 The first upper guide wheel 141 is located outside the second upper guide wheel 142 , and the fourth upper guide wheel 144 is located outside the third upper guide wheel 143 . That is, the first upper guide wheel 141 and the fourth upper guide wheel 144 are outer guide wheels, and the second upper guide wheel 142 and the third upper guide wheel 143 are inner guide wheels. Furthermore, the second supporting part 122 is located between the second upper guide wheel 142 and the third upper guide wheel 143 .
  • the diameter of the second upper guide wheel 142 may be larger than the diameter of the first upper guide wheel 141 , and the diameter of the third upper guide wheel 143 may be larger than the diameter of the fourth upper guide wheel 144 . That is, the upper guide wheel located on the inside may be larger than the upper guide wheel located on the outside.
  • the diameter of the first upper guide wheel 141 may be equal to the diameter of the fourth upper guide wheel 144
  • the diameter of the second upper guide wheel 142 may be equal to the diameter of the third upper guide wheel 143 .
  • two additional drive wires can be fixed on both sides of the second support part 122 perpendicular to the pitch axis 191 and along the direction of the instrument axis to enhance the stability and strength of the pitch motion of the end effector and increase the The stiffness of this wrist joint.
  • the lower guide wheel group 160 includes a first lower guide wheel 161 , a second lower guide wheel 162 , a third lower guide wheel 163 and a fourth lower guide wheel 164 arranged in sequence.
  • the first lower guide wheel 161 is located outside the second lower guide wheel 162
  • the fourth lower guide wheel 164 is located outside the third lower guide wheel 163 . That is to say, the first lower side guide wheel 161 and the fourth lower side guide wheel 164 are
  • the outer guide wheel, the second lower guide wheel 162 and the third lower guide wheel 163 are inner guide wheels.
  • the second lower guide wheel 162 and the third lower guide wheel 163 may be spaced apart by a bushing.
  • the diameter of the first lower guide wheel 161 is equal to or greater than the diameter of the second lower guide wheel 162
  • the diameter of the fourth lower guide wheel 164 is equal to or greater than the diameter of the third lower guide wheel 163 . That is, the upper guide wheel located on the outside may be equal to or larger than the upper guide wheel located on the inside.
  • the diameter of the first lower guide wheel 161 may be equal to the diameter of the fourth lower guide wheel 164
  • the diameter of the second lower guide wheel 162 may be equal to the diameter of the third lower guide wheel 163 .
  • Each guide wheel in the guide wheel set has a guide structure for the drive line.
  • the guide structure may include any suitable guide structure such as grooves or channels.
  • Each wire part of the drive wire can be guided separately through the guide structure to reduce wear during the guidance process of the drive wire.
  • a new four-wire drive wrist joint mechanism with guide wheels which includes 8 guide wheels and 2 guide wheel parts, and the two wire parts of the first drive wire 101 and the second drive wire 102
  • the two line parts are guided by the corresponding guide wheels of the upper guide wheel set 140 and then enveloped by the maximum diameter size allowed by the wrist joint in the radial direction of the wrist joint to maximize the overall diameter of the upper guide wheel set 140.
  • the four-wire drive wrist joint mechanism with guide wheels can achieve higher joint stiffness within the allowable tiny size (for example, diameter below 4mm).
  • the first guide wheel axis 191 is on the horizontal section P of the upper guide wheel set 140 . Furthermore, the horizontal section P extends through the center line of the second middle support hole 124 and the center line of the upper guide wheel set 140 .
  • the cross section of the first driving line 101 along the horizontal section P is the first driving line section S1
  • the section of the second driving line 102 along the horizontal section P is the second driving line section S2.
  • the center line connecting the first driving line section S1 corresponding to the first upper guide wheel 141 and the first driving line section S1 corresponding to the third upper guide wheel 143 constitutes the first reference line L1.
  • the center line connecting the cross-section of the first line portion 101a and the second line portion 101b of the first driving line 101 constitutes the first reference line L1.
  • the center line connecting the second driving line section S2 corresponding to the second upper guide wheel 142 and the second driving line section S2 corresponding to the fourth upper guide wheel 144 constitutes the second reference line L2.
  • the center line connecting the cross section of the first line portion 102a and the second line portion 102b of the second driving line 102 constitutes the second reference line L2.
  • the first reference line L1 is parallel to the second reference line L2 and the midpoint C of the two is used to position the actuator axis, for example, so that the midpoint of the two is located on the actuator axis projection 190', that is, the The midpoint line coincides with the actuator axis projection 190'.
  • the position of the actuator axis 190 can be determined by the midpoint C of the line connecting the centers of the first line portion 101a and the second line portion 101b of the first drive line 101 and the first line portion 102a and the second line of the second drive line 102
  • the two points define the midpoint C of the line connecting the centers of the portion 102b.
  • the position of the first guide wheel portion 119a can be determined by the positions of the first line portion 101a and the second line portion 101b of the first driving line 101.
  • the position of the first guide wheel portion 119a is the horizontal cross-section of the first guide wheel portion 119a.
  • the projection of P is located on the first reference line L1, ensuring that the first driving line 101 is tangent to the guide structures such as grooves of the first guide wheel portion 119a, the first upper guide wheel 141 and the third upper guide wheel 143 to ensure that Reduces wear on drive lines.
  • the position of the second guide wheel portion 119b can be determined by the positions of the first line portion 102a and the second line portion 102b of the second driving line 102.
  • the position of the second guide wheel portion 119b is the position of the second guide wheel portion 119b.
  • the projection of the horizontal section P is located on the second reference line L2, ensuring a guide structure such as a groove between the second driving line 102 and the second guide wheel portion 119b, the second upper side guide wheel 142, and the fourth upper side guide wheel 144. Tangent to reduce wear on drive lines. In actual design, considering the manufacturability of parts and other reasons, a small amount of life of the driving wire can be appropriately sacrificed, and the positions of the first guide wheel portion 119a and the second guide wheel portion 119b can be appropriately adjusted, for example, so that the first guide wheel portion 119a The relative position to the second guide wheel portion 119b is closer. In addition, no.
  • the diameters of the first guide wheel portion 119a and the second guide wheel portion 119b can also be appropriately increased to increase the rigidity of the clamping and yaw freedom. This arrangement can also reduce the axial force exerted by the pulling force of the drive line on the guide wheel. Ideally, no axial force can be generated, thus reducing the axial friction caused by the axial force.
  • the lower support member 180 includes a bottom wall body 181 and two upwardly extending side wall bodies 182 .
  • the bottom wall 181 is provided with wire holes for driving wires to pass through, including first wire holes 183a, second wire holes 183b, third wire holes 183c and fourth wire holes 183d arranged at intervals.
  • the first wire passing hole 183a and the second wire passing hole 183b are located on one side of the second guide wheel axis 192, and the third wire passing hole 183c and the fourth wire passing hole 183d are located on the other side of the second guide wheel axis 192.
  • the first wire passing hole 183a and the fourth wire passing hole 183d are close to one side wall body 182, and the second wire passing hole 183b and the third wire passing hole 183c are close to the other side wall body 182.
  • the upper guide pulley set 140 and the lower guide pulley set 160 are located between the two side wall bodies 182 to limit the upper guide pulley set 140 and the lower guide pulley set 160 in a fork-shaped structure.
  • Each of the two side wall bodies 182 is provided with a first lower support hole 184 and a second lower support hole 185 for installing a shaft pin.
  • the end effector 100 further includes an actuator pin 130 , a first guide wheel pin 150 and a second guide wheel pin 170 .
  • the end effector 110 is rotatably disposed on the actuator pin 130 , and the actuator pin 130 is located in the first middle support hole 123 . Therefore, the first end effector 110a, the first support part 121 and the second end effector 110b are connected together through the actuator shaft pin 130.
  • the upper guide wheel set 140 is rotatably disposed on the first guide wheel shaft pin 150 , and the first guide wheel shaft pin 150 is located in the second middle support hole 124 .
  • the first guide wheel pin 150 is fixed to the first lower support hole 184 to support the upper guide wheel set 140 .
  • the upper guide wheel set 140 and the second support portion 122 are installed to the lower support member 180 through the first guide wheel pin 150 .
  • the lower guide wheel set 160 is rotatably disposed on the second guide wheel shaft pin 170 , and the second guide wheel shaft pin 170 is fixed to the second lower support hole 185 to support the lower guide wheel set 160 .
  • the lower guide pulley group 160 is mounted to the lower support 180 through the second guide pulley pin 170 .
  • the actuator pin 130 passes through the first end effector 110a, the middle support 120 and the second end effector 110b at the same time, limiting the middle support 120 to the first end effector 110a and the second end effector 110b on both sides thereof. between the second end execution unit 110b.
  • the first guide wheel shaft pin 150 passes through the middle support member 120, the upper guide wheel set 140 and the lower support member 180 at the same time, restricting the first and second upper guide wheels to one side of the middle support member 120 while simultaneously fixing the third and second guide wheel sets on one side of the middle support member 120.
  • the fourth upper guide wheel is limited on the other side of the middle support member 120 and the upper guide wheel set 140 is limited between the two side wall bodies 182 of the lower support member 180 .
  • the second guide wheel shaft pin 170 passes through the lower guide wheel set 160 and the lower support member 180 at the same time, limiting the lower guide wheel set 160 between the two side walls 182 of the lower support member 180 .
  • the actuator shaft pin 130 can be constructed as a straight stepped shaft. Therefore, through appropriate tolerance selection, the end effector, the intermediate support and the actuator shaft pin 130 can be ensured without the need for additional installation fixtures.
  • the axial clearance fit between them greatly improves the processing technology and facilitates maintenance and assembly.
  • the actuator pin 130 is configured in a stepped shape and includes a large end, a middle pin portion, and a small end with sequentially decreasing diameters.
  • the first end effector 110a is sleeved and fixed on the small end. Fixing methods include but are not limited to gluing, welding, and interference fit.
  • the second end effector 110b and the middle support member 120 are sleeved on the middle part of the shaft pin with a clearance fit.
  • the middle part of the shaft pin has a clearance fit with the hole of the second end effector 110b and the hole of the middle support member 120.
  • the second end effector Both the part 110b and the middle support member 120 are rotatable relative to the middle part of the shaft pin; the big end is located outside the second end effector 110b and contacts each other to limit the outward movement of the second end effector 110b.
  • the length dimension of the middle part of the actuator shaft pin 130 can ensure that the first end effector 110a, the middle support 120, and the second end effector do not need additional installation fixtures when connecting the actuator shaft pin 130 and the first end effector 110a. Axial clearance between 110b and actuator pin 130.
  • the program actuator pin 130 passes through the middle support member 120, the upper side guide wheel set 140 and the lower support member 180, restricting the first and second upper side guide wheels to one side of the middle support member 120 and simultaneously fixing the third and fourth upper side guide wheels. is restricted on the other side of the middle support member 120 , and the upper side guide wheel set 140 is restricted between the two side wall bodies 182 of the lower support member 180 .
  • the guide wheel pin can be constructed as a straight stepped shaft, whereby, through appropriate tolerance selection, the clearance fit between each guide wheel of the guide wheel set, the lower support 180 and the guide wheel pin can be ensured without the need for additional installation fixtures. Greatly improves the processing technology to facilitate maintenance and assembly.
  • the above-mentioned two guide wheel pins are both configured in a stepped shape and include a large end, a middle part of the pin, and a small end with diameters decreasing in sequence.
  • a pair of inner guide wheels and a pair of outer guide wheels are sleeved in the middle of the shaft pin, and the small end is fixed in the hole of the lower support member 180 .
  • Fixing methods include but are not limited to gluing, welding, and interference fit.
  • the first driving wire 101 is wound around the first guide wheel portion 119 a of the first end effector 110 a.
  • the first wire portion 101a of the first driving wire 101 extends downward from one side of the first guide wheel portion 119a and winds around the first upper side guide wheel 141, and the second wire portion 101b of the first driving wire 101 extends from the first guide wheel 119a.
  • the other side of the portion 119a extends downward and wraps around the third upper guide wheel 143 .
  • the second drive wire 102 is wound around the second guide wheel portion 119b of the second end effector 110b and the first wire portion 102a of the second drive wire 102 extends downward from one side of the second guide wheel portion 119b and is wound around the second upper side Guide wheel 142.
  • the second wire portion 102b of the second driving wire 102 extends downward from the other side of the second guide wheel portion 119b and wraps around the fourth upper side guide wheel 144.
  • the first wire portion 101a of the first driving wire 101 extending downward from the first upper guide wheel 141 passes between the first upper guide wheel 141 and the first lower guide wheel 161 and winds downwardly around the first lower guide wheel 141 .
  • the second wire portion 101b of the first driving wire 101 extending downward from the third upper guide wheel 143 passes between the third upper guide wheel 143 and the third lower guide wheel 163 and winds downwardly around the third lower side.
  • the first wire portion 102a of the second driving wire 102 extending downward from the second upper guide wheel 142 passes between the second upper guide wheel 142 and the second lower guide wheel 162 and winds downwardly around the second lower guide wheel 142 .
  • the second wire portion 102b of the second driving wire 102 extending downwardly from the fourth upper side guide wheel 144 passes between the fourth upper side guide wheel 144 and the fourth lower side guide wheel 164 and winds downwardly around the fourth lower side.
  • the first wire portion 101a of the first driving wire 101 extending downward from the first lower side guide wheel 161 passes downwardly through the first wire passing hole 183a.
  • the second wire portion 101b of the first driving wire 101 extending downward from the third lower guide wheel 163 passes downwardly through the second wire passing hole 183b.
  • the first wire portion 102a of the second driving wire 102 extending downward from the second lower guide wheel 162 passes downwardly through the fourth wire passing hole 183d.
  • the second wire portion 102b of the second driving wire 102 extending downwardly from the fourth lower side guide wheel 164 passes downwardly through the third wire passing hole 183c.
  • the driving wire extends to the inside of the instrument shaft through the wire passage hole of the lower support member 180 .
  • the first upper guide wheel 141, the second upper guide wheel 142, the third upper guide wheel 143, and the fourth upper guide wheel 144 are respectively connected with the first lower guide wheel 161 and the second lower guide wheel.
  • the wheel 162, the third lower guide wheel 163 and the fourth lower guide wheel 164 are parallel to the first wire portion 101a of the first drive wire 101, the first wire portion 102a of the second drive wire 102, and the first drive wire respectively.
  • the second wire portion 101b of the second drive wire 101 and the second wire portion 102b of the second drive wire 102 are guided to reduce wear during the guide process of the drive wire.
  • the two line portions of the first driving line 101 and the second driving line 102 that is, the first line portion 102a, the second line portion 102b, the second line portion 101b, and the first line portion 101a pass through the upper guide wheel group 140 After being guided, it is guided through the lower guide wheel set 160 and finally extends to the inside of the instrument shaft through the corresponding fourth wire passing hole 183d, third wire passing hole 183c, second wire passing hole 183b, and first wire passing hole 183a.
  • the purpose of the lower guide wheel set 160 is to ensure that the two line portions of the first drive line 101 and the second drive line 102 are fully aligned when the pitch joint is used within the angle range (for example, within the range of -90° to 90°).
  • first wire part 102a, the second wire part 102b, the second wire part 101b, and the first wire part 101a are always wound around the second upper guide wheel 142, the fourth upper guide wheel 144, the third upper guide wheel 143, On the first upper side guide wheel 141, this can ensure that the pitch joint movement angle and the length change of the drive line form a linear relationship, which facilitates the design of the rear-end drive mechanism.
  • the middle support 120 may also have a different configuration than that shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 .
  • the middle support 120 may be configured as a fork-like structure.
  • the first support part 121 may include a first arm part 221 and a second arm part 222.
  • the first arm portion 221 and the second arm portion 222 are spaced apart and extend in the same direction.
  • Both the first arm part 221 and the second arm part 222 are provided with a first middle support hole 123 .
  • the second support portion 122 is configured in a cylindrical shape and is provided with a second middle support hole 124 .
  • the first end effector 110a and the second end effector 110b can be located between the first arm 221 and the second arm 222, and both are fixed to the first arm 221 and the second arm 222 through an actuator pin.
  • the second support part 122 is located between the second upper guide wheel 142 and the third upper guide wheel 143 and is fixed to the lower support member 180 through the guide wheel shaft pin.
  • the first support portion 121 is configured in a cylindrical shape and is located between the first end effector 110a and the second end effector 110b.
  • the second support part 122 includes a first arm part 221 and a second arm part 222. The first arm portion 221 and the second arm portion 222 are spaced apart and extend in the same direction.
  • the first arm 221 may be located between the first upper guide wheel 141 and the second upper guide wheel 142, and the second arm 222 may be located between the third upper guide wheel 143 and the fourth upper guide wheel 144; Alternatively, the first arm 221 may be located between the first upper guide wheel 141 and one side wall 182 of the lower support 180 , and the second arm 222 may be located between the fourth upper guide wheel 144 and the lower support 180 between the other side wall body 182; alternatively, the first arm portion 221 and the second arm portion 222 are located outside the lower support member 180.
  • the 3-DOF wrist joint can be reduced by one degree of freedom by combining the first end effector 110a and the second end effector 110b into one to achieve a 2-DOF wrist joint, the end effector 110 It can be replaced with a charged energy burning head or laser fiber.
  • a surgical instrument which includes the end effector 100 according to any of the above embodiments.

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Abstract

一种手术器械的末端执行机构(100)及手术器械，末端执行机构(100)包括下部支撑件(180)、至少一组导轮组、中部支撑件(120)和末端执行元件(110)，中部支撑件(120)包括用于限定一个执行器轴线(190)的第一支撑部分(121)和用于限定一个导轮轴线(191)的第二支撑部分(122)，第二支撑部分(122)与一组导轮组围绕导轮轴线(191)可旋转；末端执行元件(110)通过中部支撑件(120)连接至下部支撑件(180)，末端执行元件(110)与第一支撑部分(121)围绕执行器轴线(190)可旋转，第一支撑部分(121)位于第二支撑部分(122)的远端方向，执行器轴线(190)和由第二支撑部分(122)限定的导轮轴线(191)为异面直线，且两者之间的夹角为锐角。

Description

手术器械的末端执行机构及手术器械
交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为“2022108834330”的申请日为2022年07月26日的名称为“手术器械的末端执行机构及手术器械”的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此以引入方式并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及医疗器械的技术领域，特别涉及一种手术器械的末端执行机构及手术器械。
背景技术
现有手术器械的末端腕关节通常具有三个自由度，即俯仰、偏航和末端执行元件的动作。末端执行元件的动作例如为夹握、抓取或剪切等。为了减小手术创口同时方便在目标手术位置狭窄的空间内灵活操作，此类手术器械一般直径较小，并采用线驱动的方式将运动从手术器械的近端传递到末端的腕关节。
发明内容
在发明内容部分中引入了一系列简化形式的概念，这将在具体实施方式部分中进一步详细说明。本申请的发明内容部分并不意味着要试图限定出所要求保护的技术方案的关键特征和必要技术特征，更不意味着试图确定所要求保护的技术方案的保护范围。
为至少部分地解决上述问题，本申请部分实施例的目的在于提供一种手术器械的末端执行机构，其包括：
下部支撑件；
至少一组导轮组，所述至少一组导轮组设置于所述下部支撑件并相对于所述下部支撑件围绕导轮轴线可旋转；
中部支撑件，所述中部支撑件包括用于限定一个执行器轴线的第一支撑部分和用于限定一个所述导轮轴线的第二支撑部分，所述第二支撑部分与所述至少一组导轮组中的一组导轮组围绕所述导轮轴线可旋转，其中第一支撑部分位于第二支撑部分的远端方向；以及
末端执行元件，所述末端执行元件通过中部支撑件连接至所述下部支撑件，所述末端执行元件与所述第一支撑部分围绕执行器轴线可旋转。
其中，所述执行器轴线和由所述第二支撑部分限定的所述导轮轴线为异面直线，且两者之间的夹角为锐角。
根据本申请的手术器械的末端执行机构，将对应于偏航轴线的执行器轴线与对应于俯仰轴线的导轮轴线两者布置成异面直线且非垂直，可以保证从末端执行元件向下延伸至导轮组的驱动线与其配合的各导轮的导向结构之间相切，由此，在操作末端执行元件时，驱动 线的拉力会对导轮产生径向力，对导轮产生的轴向力减小，理想状态可以不产生轴向力，使得导轮的整体受力较小，且因为轴向力减小或不存在，使得轴向摩擦力减小或不存在，驱动线与导轮之间产生的总摩擦力较小，从而可以减小驱动线的磨损，提升手术器械性能(如精度)。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明，这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定，附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件，除非有特别申明，附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1为根据本申请的一实施例的末端执行机构的一个立体图；
图2为图1所示的末端执行机构的立体分解图；
图3为图1所示的第一末端执行部的一个侧视图；
图4为图1所示的第一末端执行部的立体图；
图5为图1所示的中部支撑件的立体图；
图6为图1所示的中部支撑件的俯视图；
图7为图1所示的上侧导轮组的俯视图；
图8为图1所示的下部支撑件的立体图；
图9为图1所示的带驱动线的第一末端执行部的立体图；
图10为图1所示的带驱动线的第一末端执行部的侧视图；
图11为图1所示的带驱动线的第一末端执行部、上侧导轮组和下侧导轮组的一个立体图；
图12为图1所示的带驱动线的第二末端执行部、上侧导轮组和下侧导轮组的另一个立体图；
图13为图1所示的带驱动线的第一末端执行部、第二末端执行部、上侧导轮组和下侧导轮组的立体图；
图14为根据本申请的另一实施例的末端执行机构的立体图，其中中部支撑件为叉状结构；
图15为图14所示的末端执行机构的侧视图；
图16为图14所示的中部支撑件的立体图；
图17为常规手术机器人系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
在下文的描述中，给出了大量具体的细节以便提供对本申请更为彻底的理解。然而，对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是，本申请可以无需一个或多个这些细节而得以实施。在其他的例子中，为了避免与本申请发生混淆，对于本领域公知的一些技术特征未进行描述。
为了彻底理解本申请，将在下列的描述中提出详细的描述。显然，本申请实施方式的施行并不限定于本领域的技术人员所熟悉的特殊细节。本申请的较佳实施例详细描述如下，然而除了这些详细描述外，本申请还可以具有其他实施方式。
应予以注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施例，而非意图限制根据本申请的示例性实施例。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式。此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件，但不排除存在或附加一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、组件和/或它们的组合。
本申请中所引用的诸如“第一”和“第二”的序数词仅仅是标识，而不具有任何其他含义，例如特定的顺序等。而且，例如，术语“第一部件”其本身不暗示“第二部件”的存在，术语“第二部件”本身不暗示“第一部件”的存在。
需要说明的是，本文中所使用的术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”以及类似的表述只是为了说明目的，并非限制。
现在，将参照附图更详细地描述根据本申请的示例性实施例。然而，这些示例性实施例可以多种不同的形式来实施，并且不应当被解释为只限于这里所阐述的实施例。应当理解的是，提供这些实施例是为了使得本申请的公开彻底且完整，并且将这些示例性实施例的构思充分传达给本领域普通技术人员。
图17示出了本申请的一实施例的手术机器人系统的结构，手术机器人系统包括手术机器人10和设置于手术机器人10的手术器械12。手术机器人10包括基座15和可转动地设置在基座15的上端的至少一组机械臂11。每一组机械臂11的端部设置有该手术器械12。手术器械12能够可拆卸，以方便对手术器械12进行单独的更换和消毒。手术器械12包括后端机构14、主管路13和末端执行机构100。主管路13从后端机构14延伸到前端，末端执行机构100设置于主管路13的前端。末端执行机构100通过腕关节与主管路13连接，使得末端执行机构100相对于主管路13具有至少一个活动自由度。后端机构14通过穿过主管路13的多个线缆对末端执行机构100进行驱动。其中，本文的近端(也可称为后端)定义为远离病人的一端，远端(也可称为前端)为越靠近病人的一端。
为实现较小的腕关节尺寸，在一些情况下，腕关节使用沟槽或孔道等对驱动线进行导向。然而，发明人发现，这种方法导致线和沟槽或孔道之间有很大的摩擦力，进而使得从近端向远端的运动传递精度降低、主从遥操作过程中产生滞后，影响手术效果。进一步地，这些摩擦还会加快驱动线的磨损，降低手术器械使用寿命。
为克服或改善至少一个上述问题，本申请实施例提供一种末端执行机构以及具有该末端执行机构的手术器械。
图1至图13示出了本申请的一实施例的末端执行机构100，用于手术器械，特别是手术微器械。如图1和图2所示，末端执行机构100可以包括末端执行元件110、中部支撑件120、至少一组导轮组、下部支撑件180和驱动线(图1和图2中未示出，参见图9至图13)。末端执行元件110可以是钳头、剪刀、夹子等任何形式的执行器。末端执行元件110通过中部支撑件120连接至下部支撑件180。至少一组导轮组设置于下部支撑件180并相对于下部支撑件180围绕导轮轴线可旋转。末端执行元件110围绕执行器轴线190可旋转。中部支撑件120与至少一组导轮组中的一组导轮组围绕导轮轴线可旋转。驱动线能够缠绕末端执行元件110和至少一组导轮组中的导轮。
如图1和图2所示，末端执行机构100包括末端的一对末端执行部、中部支撑件120、 叉状的下部支撑件180，10个导轮、3个轴销。该一对末端执行部通过一个轴销被固定在中部支撑件120两侧，该一对末端执行部均可以绕其轴销的轴线独立地自由旋转以实现夹握动作，即该一对末端执行部相向旋转，松开动作，即该一对末端执行部反向旋转，和偏航动作，即该一对末端执行部同向旋转。中部支撑件120被其轴销穿过并固定在叉状的下部支撑件180中间，中部支撑件120可相对于叉状的下部支撑件180围绕其轴销的轴线旋转，以实现俯仰运动。
下面将结合附图具体描述末端执行机构100的上述部件的具体结构和设置方式。
需要说明的是，本文在描述末端执行机构100的各个部件、部分等使用的方向性术语，诸如“上”、“下”、“上方”、“下方”、“向上”、“向下”等是相对于处于竖向放置且正立状态(图1所示的末端执行机构100的放置状态)下的末端执行机构100而言的。
末端执行元件110包括相对设置的两个末端执行部，即第一末端执行部110a和第二末端执行部110b。这两个末端执行部的构造可以根据需要设置成与钳头、剪刀或夹子等对应的形状和结构。进一步地，第一末端执行部110a与第二末端执行部110b具有大致相同的结构，两者呈镜像布置。驱动线包括第一驱动线101和第二驱动线102。第一驱动线101用于第一末端执行部110a。第二驱动线102用于第二末端执行部110b。
如图3和图4所示，以第一末端执行部110a为例，图3示出了第一末端执行部110a的外侧结构，图4示出了第一末端执行部110a的内侧结构。第一末端执行部110a的头部可以设置有位于内侧的防滑结构111，例如交错布置的沟槽，这可防止被夹物体(例如人体组织和手术针)滑动。第一末端执行部110a的基部可以设置有沿竖向方向间隔布置的第一穿线孔112和第二穿线孔113，以及沿竖向方向间隔布置的第三穿线孔114和第四穿线孔115。这四个穿线孔均为通孔，例如，在末端执行元件110的内表面与其外表面之间延伸的通孔。
如图9和图10所示，第一驱动线101的第一线部分101a由第一末端执行部110a的内侧穿过第一穿线孔112并向下延伸穿过第二穿线孔113，第一驱动线101的第二线部分101b由第一末端执行部110a的内侧穿过第三穿线孔114并向下延伸穿过第四穿线孔115。
一个示例为，例如图示实施例，第一线部分101a和第二线部分101b为一体结构，也就是说，第一驱动线101为一根线。驱动线在各穿线孔的入口和出口处反复弯折例如八次，产生塑性变形，从而使得驱动线固定在末端执行元件110上。在另一个示例中，驱动线在末端执行元件110上的安装方式可替换为使用短管加紧驱动线，并通过短管两端卡住末端执行元件110上的结构以限制驱动线相对于末端执行元件110的移动。
另一个示例为，第一线部分101a和第二线部分101b为分体构件，也就是说，第一驱动线101为两根线，在该方案中，每根线的端部使用固连的接头(夹紧、胶接、焊接、铆接等方式)固定在末端执行元件110上以限制驱动线相对于末端执行元件110的移动。在一些实施例中，可以将这两根驱动线的端头均焊接至第一末端执行部110a；或者通过诸如短管等辅助件将这两根驱动线的端头夹紧以卡接在相应的穿线孔或固定于第一末端执行部110a。
第一穿线孔112与第三穿线孔114在水平方向上位置对应，第二穿线孔113与第四穿线孔115在水平方向上位置对应。由此，在驱动线驱动末端执行部时，末端执行部可以保持平衡。第一穿线孔112与第二穿线孔113之间设置有第一槽116，第三穿线孔114与第四穿线孔115之间设置有第二槽117，第一槽116和第二槽117均设于末端执行元件110的外 表面。驱动线位于第一槽116和第二槽117内，以限制驱动线的位置，使驱动线更牢固可靠地固定于末端执行部。
第二驱动线102设置于第二末端执行部110b的方式与第一驱动线101设置于第一末端执行部110a大致相同，为简洁起见，本文不再赘述。通过拉伸第一驱动线101和第二驱动线102两者的两个线部分，可以驱动第一末端执行部110a、第二末端执行部110b绕其轴线旋转。进一步地，通过独立旋转第一末端执行部110a、第二末端执行部110b可以实现腕关节的夹握和偏航动作。
与传统驱动线的安装方式相比，本实施例的驱动线在末端执行元件110上的安装方式，极大地方便了装配且提高了手术器械使用的可靠性，特别是在手术微器械中尤为重要。
第一末端执行部110a的基部还可以设置有执行器轴孔118和第一导轮部119a。执行器轴孔118为通孔，例如，在末端执行元件110的内表面与其外表面之间延伸的通孔。第一导轮部119a位于第一末端执行部110a的内侧。从第二穿线孔113和第四穿线孔115向内侧穿出的驱动线能够对应缠绕至第一导轮部119a的两侧。
图5示出了本实施例的中部支撑件120，如图5所示，中部支撑件120自近端向远端延伸，换句话说，中部支撑件120在器械轴线的方向上延伸，其中器械轴线的方向包括自器械近端至远端延伸的方向和自远端至近端延伸的方向，例如，沿第一方向D1延伸。末端执行元件110、中部支撑件120、至少一组导轮组和下部支撑件180在末端执行机构100的长度方向上布置，在图1所示的末端执行机构100的放置状态下，末端执行机构100的长度方向与竖向方向平行。本文的“第一方向D1”是指与手术器械近端至远端方向大致相同的方向或末端执行机构100的长度方向，或者说在图1所示的末端执行机构100的放置状态下，与竖向方向平行的方向。
中部支撑件120包括用于限定一个执行器轴线190的第一支撑部分121和用于限定一个导轮轴线的第二支撑部分122。末端执行元件110与第一支撑部分121围绕执行器轴线190可旋转。第二支撑部分122与至少一组导轮组中的一组导轮组围绕导轮轴线可旋转。在一些实施例中，第一支撑部分121设置有第一中部支撑孔123，第一中部支撑孔123的中心线限定执行器轴线190，换句话说，第一中部支撑孔123的中心线与执行器轴线190共线；第二支撑部分122设置有第二中部支撑孔124，第二中部支撑孔124的中心线限定一个导轮轴线，换句话说，第一中部支撑孔123的中心线与该导轮轴线共线。
执行器轴线190和由第二支撑部分122限定的导轮轴线为异面直线，且两者之间的夹角α为锐角。从另一方面进一步地说，如图6，图7所示，执行器轴线190在围绕由第二支撑部分122限定的导轮轴线可旋转的导轮组的水平截面P上具有执行器轴线投影190’，其中由第二支撑部分122限定的导轮轴线在该水平截面P上。执行器轴线投影190’与由第二支撑部分122限定的导轮轴线191非正交，或可谓其夹角α为锐角。在俯仰角度为0时，执行器轴线190和由第二支撑部分122限定的导轮轴线191均垂直于器械轴线的方向，其中器械轴线的方向为自近端至远端延伸的方向。俯仰角度为末端执行元件110绕导轮轴线191或俯仰轴线191转动偏离器械轴线的角度，偏航角度为末端执行元件110绕执行器轴线190或偏航轴线190转动偏离器械轴线的角度。
可以理解，本文中的执行器轴线190对应于偏航轴线，由第二支撑部分122限定的 导轮轴线对应于俯仰轴线。
通过将俯仰轴线和偏航轴线两者布置成异面直线且非垂直，可以保证从末端执行元件110向下延伸至导轮组的驱动线与其配合的各导轮的导向结构之间相切，由此，在操作末端执行元件110时，驱动线与导轮的导向结构在最开始接触位置受力较小，产生的摩擦力较小，从而可以减小驱动线的磨损。
第一支撑部分121与第二支撑部分122为一体结构，或者第一支撑部分121与第二支撑部分122为分体构件。如图5和图6所示，第一支撑部分121和第二支撑部分122均构造成圆柱形状。第一支撑部分121与第二支撑部分122在两者的圆柱面处相连，第一支撑部分121位于第一末端执行部110a与第二末端执行部110b之间。中部支撑件120构造成类似扭转8字形状。
第一中部支撑孔123在第一方向D1上与第二中部支撑孔124间隔开，从而执行器轴线190在第一方向D1上与由第二支撑部分122限定的导轮轴线间隔开。
在图示实施例中，至少一组导轮组包括上侧导轮组140和下侧导轮组160。上侧导轮组140相对于下部支撑件180围绕第一导轮轴线191可旋转，下侧导轮组160相对于下部支撑件180围绕第二导轮轴线192可旋转。中部支撑件120与上侧导轮组140同轴设置，即两者均围绕第一导轮轴线191可旋转。第一导轮轴线191可以平行于第二导轮轴线192。在该实施例中，第二支撑部分122限定第一导轮轴线191，第二支撑部分122与上侧导轮组140围绕第一导轮轴线191可旋转。第二中部支撑孔124的中心线限定第一导轮轴线191，换句话说，第一中部支撑孔123的中心线与该第一导轮轴线191共线。
上侧导轮组140包括位于第二支撑部分122一侧的第一上侧导轮141和第二上侧导轮142以及位于第二支撑部分122另一侧的第三上侧导轮143和第四上侧导轮144。第一上侧导轮141位于第二上侧导轮142的外侧，第四上侧导轮144位于第三上侧导轮143的外侧。也就是说，第一上侧导轮141和第四上侧导轮144为外侧导轮，第二上侧导轮142和第三上侧导轮143为内侧导轮。进一步说，第二支撑部分122位于第二上侧导轮142与第三上侧导轮143之间。第二上侧导轮142的直径可以大于第一上侧导轮141的直径，第三上侧导轮143的直径可以大于第四上侧导轮144的直径。也就是说，位于内侧的上侧导轮可以大于位于外侧的上侧导轮。第一上侧导轮141的直径可以等于第四上侧导轮144的直径，第二上侧导轮142的直径可以等于第三上侧导轮143的直径。
根据本方案，在手术器械允许的直径范围内，通过在腕关节内侧选用大直径的导轮而外侧使用小直径的导向轮，尽可能的增大了上侧导轮组的各导轮的直径，进而增大了俯仰关节的关节刚度和驱动线的使用寿命，这点在手术微器械(例如小于4mm直径)中更加重要。
进一步地，还可以在第二支撑部分122垂直于俯仰轴线191且沿着器械轴线的方向的两侧额外固接两根驱动线，以增强末端执行元件的俯仰运动的稳定性和强度，且增加该腕关节的刚度。
下侧导轮组160包括顺序布置的第一下侧导轮161、第二下侧导轮162、第三下侧导轮163和第四下侧导轮164。第一下侧导轮161位于第二下侧导轮162的外侧，第四下侧导轮164位于第三下侧导轮163的外侧。也就是说，第一下侧导轮161和第四下侧导轮164为 外侧导轮，第二下侧导轮162和第三下侧导轮163为内侧导轮。第二下侧导轮162与第三下侧导轮163之间可以通过轴套间隔开。第一下侧导轮161的直径等于或大于第二下侧导轮162的直径，第四下侧导轮164的直径等于或大于第三下侧导轮163的直径。也就是说，位于外侧的上侧导轮可以等于或大于位于内侧的上侧导轮。第一下侧导轮161的直径可以等于第四下侧导轮164的直径，第二下侧导轮162的直径可以等于第三下侧导轮163的直径。
导轮组中的每一个导轮均具有用于驱动线的导向结构。导向结构可以包括沟槽或孔道等任何合适的导向结构。通过导向结构可以分别对驱动线的各个线部分进行导向，以减小驱动线导向过程中的磨损。
根据本实施例，提供了新型带导轮的四线驱动腕关节机构，其包括8个导轮和2个导轮部，且第一驱动线101的两个线部分和第二驱动线102的两个线部分被上侧导轮组140的相应导轮导向后沿腕关节径向方向被腕关节所允许的最大直径尺寸包络，以实现上侧导轮组140整体直径的最大化这使得带导轮的四线驱动腕关节机构能够在允许的微小尺寸下(例如直径4mm以下)实现更高的关节刚度。
如图7所示，第一导轮轴线191在上侧导轮组140的水平截面P上，进一步说，水平截面P延伸经过第二中部支撑孔124的中心线、上侧导轮组140的导轮的中心线。第一驱动线101沿水平截面P所截的截面为第一驱动线截面S1，第二驱动线102沿水平截面P所截的截面为第二驱动线截面S2。对应于第一上侧导轮141的第一驱动线截面S1与对应于第三上侧导轮143的第一驱动线截面S1二者的中心连线构成第一参考线L1。进一步说，第一驱动线101的第一线部分101a的截面与其第二线部分101b的截面二者的中心连线构成第一参考线L1。对应于第二上侧导轮142的第二驱动线截面S2与对应于第四上侧导轮144的第二驱动线截面S2二者的中心连线构成第二参考线L2。进一步说，第二驱动线102的第一线部分102a的截面与其第二线部分102b的截面二者的中心连线构成第二参考线L2。
第一参考线L1平行于第二参考线L2并且两者的中点C用于定位执行器轴线，例如，使得两者的中点位于执行器轴线投影190’上，也就是说，两者的中点连线重合于执行器轴线投影190’。实际应用时，该中点连线与执行器轴线投影190’也可以有些许偏差，或根据实际应用场景可选择合适的偏离角度，也就是说，在这些情况下，该中点连线偏离于执行器轴线投影190’。由此，执行器轴线190的位置可以由第一驱动线101的第一线部分101a和第二线部分101b的中心连线的中点C以及第二驱动线102的第一线部分102a和第二线部分102b的中心连线的中点C这两个点限定。而第一导轮部119a的位置可以由第一驱动线101的第一线部分101a和第二线部分101b的位置来确定，第一导轮部119a的位置为第一导轮部119a在水平截面P的投影位于第一参考线L1上，确保第一驱动线101与第一导轮部119a、第一上侧导轮141和第三上侧导轮143的诸如沟槽的导向结构相切以减少驱动线的磨损。同理，第二导轮部119b的位置可以由第二驱动线102的第一线部分102a和第二线部分102b的位置来确定，第二导轮部119b的位置为第二导轮部119b在水平截面P的投影位于与第二参考线L2上，确保第二驱动线102与第二导轮部119b、第二上侧导轮142和第四上侧导轮144的诸如沟槽的导向结构相切以减少驱动线的磨损。在实际设计中，考虑零件的可制造性等原因，可以适当地牺牲驱动线少量的寿命，适当调整第一导轮部119a和第二导轮部119b的位置，例如使得第一导轮部119a和第二导轮部119b的相对位置更近。此外，第 一导轮部119a和第二导轮部119b的直径也可以适当加大以增加夹握和偏航自由度的刚度。该种布置也可使得驱动线的拉力对导轮的轴向力减小，理想状态可以不产生轴向力，从而减小轴向力引起的轴向摩擦。
如图8所示，下部支撑件180包括底壁体181和向上延伸的两个侧壁体182。由此，形成类似叉状结构。底壁体181设有用于驱动线穿过的过线孔，分别为间隔布置的第一过线孔183a、第二过线孔183b、第三过线孔183c和第四过线孔183d。第一过线孔183a和第二过线孔183b位于第二导轮轴线192的一侧，第三过线孔183c和第四过线孔183d位于第二导轮轴线192的另一侧。第一过线孔183a与第四过线孔183d靠近一个侧壁体182，第二过线孔183b与第三过线孔183c靠近另一侧壁体182。上侧导轮组140和下侧导轮组160位于两个侧壁体182之间，以将上侧导轮组140和下侧导轮组160限制在叉状结构中。两个侧壁体182中的每一个均设置有第一下部支撑孔184和第二下部支撑孔185，用于安装轴销。
末端执行机构100还包括执行器轴销130、第一导轮轴销150和第二导轮轴销170。末端执行元件110可旋转地设置于执行器轴销130，执行器轴销130位于第一中部支撑孔123内。由此，第一末端执行部110a、第一支撑部分121和第二末端执行部110b三者通过执行器轴销130连接在一起。上侧导轮组140可旋转地设置于第一导轮轴销150，第一导轮轴销150位于第二中部支撑孔124内。第一导轮轴销150固定于第一下部支撑孔184以支撑上侧导轮组140。由此，上侧导轮组140、第二支撑部分122通过第一导轮轴销150安装至下部支撑件180。下侧导轮组160可旋转地设置于第二导轮轴销170，第二导轮轴销170固定于第二下部支撑孔185以支撑下侧导轮组160。由此，下侧导轮组160通过第二导轮轴销170安装至下部支撑件180。
根据本方案，执行器轴销130同时穿过第一末端执行部110a、中部支撑件120和第二末端执行部110b，将中部支撑件120限制在位于其两侧的第一末端执行部110a和第二末端执行部110b之间。第一导轮轴销150同时穿过中部支撑件120、上侧导轮组140和下部支撑件180，将第一和第二上侧导轮限制在中部支撑件120的一侧同时将第三和第四上侧导轮限制在中部支撑件120的另一侧，并将上侧导轮组140限制在下部支撑件180的两个侧壁体182之间。第二导轮轴销170同时穿过下侧导轮组160和下部支撑件180，将下侧导轮组160限制在下部支撑件180的两个侧壁体182之间。
如图2，可以将执行器轴销130构造成直阶梯轴，由此，通过适当的公差选取，在无需额外安装夹具下可以保证两者末端执行部、中间支撑件和执行器轴销130之间的轴向间隙配合，极大地提高了加工工艺性以便于维护和装配。在一些实施例中，执行器轴销130构造成阶梯形状并且包括直径依次减小的大端头、轴销中部和小端头。第一末端执行部110a套设并固定于小端头。固定方式包括但不限于胶接、焊接、过盈配合。第二末端执行部110b和中部支撑件120两者间隙配合地套设于轴销中部，例如，轴销中部与第二末端执行部110b的孔和中部支撑件120孔间隙配合，第二末端执行部110b和中部支撑件120两者相对于轴销中部可旋转；大端头位于第二末端执行部110b的外侧且两者抵接，用于限制第二末端执行部110b向外侧移动，通过控制执行器轴销130的中部的长度尺寸，可以在连接执行器轴销130和第一末端执行部110a时无需额外的安装夹具保证第一末端执行部110a、中部支撑件120、第二末端执行部110b和执行器轴销130之间的轴向间隙。该方案的执行器轴销130 同时穿过中部支撑件120、上侧导轮组140和下部支撑件180，将第一和第二上侧导轮限制在中部支撑件120的一侧同时将第三和第四上侧导轮限制在中部支撑件120的另一侧，并将上侧导轮组140限制在下部支撑件180的两个侧壁体182之间。
可以将导轮轴销构造成直阶梯轴，由此，通过适当的公差选取，在无需额外安装夹具下可以保证导轮组的各个导轮、下部支撑件180和导轮轴销之间的间隙配合，极大地提高了加工工艺性以便于维护和装配。在一些实施例中，上述两个导轮轴销均构造成阶梯形状并且包括直径依次减小的大端头、轴销中部和小端头。在同一导轮轴销上，成对的内侧导轮和成对的外侧导轮套设于轴销中部，小端头固定于下部支撑件180的孔内。固定方式包括但不限于胶接、焊接、过盈配合。通过控制导轮轴销的中部的长度尺寸，可以在连接导轮轴销和下部支撑件180时无需额外的安装夹具保证导轮组的各个导轮、下部支撑件180和导轮轴销之间的轴向间隙。
如图11、图12和图13所示，第一驱动线101缠绕第一末端执行部110a的第一导轮部119a。并且第一驱动线101的第一线部分101a从第一导轮部119a的一侧向下延伸并缠绕第一上侧导轮141，第一驱动线101的第二线部分101b从第一导轮部119a的另一侧向下延伸并缠绕第三上侧导轮143。第二驱动线102缠绕第二末端执行部110b的第二导轮部119b并且第二驱动线102的第一线部分102a从第二导轮部119b的一侧向下延伸并缠绕第二上侧导轮142。第二驱动线102的第二线部分102b从第二导轮部119b的另一侧向下延伸并缠绕第四上侧导轮144。
由第一上侧导轮141向下延伸的第一驱动线101的第一线部分101a从第一上侧导轮141与第一下侧导轮161之间穿过并向下缠绕第一下侧导轮161。由第三上侧导轮143向下延伸的第一驱动线101的第二线部分101b从第三上侧导轮143与第三下侧导轮163之间穿过并向下缠绕第三下侧导轮163。由第二上侧导轮142向下延伸的第二驱动线102的第一线部分102a从第二上侧导轮142与第二下侧导轮162之间穿过并向下缠绕第二下侧导轮162。由第四上侧导轮144向下延伸的第二驱动线102的第二线部分102b从第四上侧导轮144与第四下侧导轮164之间穿过并向下缠绕第四下侧导轮164。
由第一下侧导轮161向下延伸的第一驱动线101的第一线部分101a向下穿过第一过线孔183a。由第三下侧导轮163向下延伸的第一驱动线101的第二线部分101b向下穿过第二过线孔183b。由第二下侧导轮162向下延伸的第二驱动线102的第一线部分102a向下穿过第四过线孔183d。由第四下侧导轮164向下延伸的第二驱动线102的第二线部分102b向下穿过第三过线孔183c。由此，驱动线经过下部支撑件180的过线孔延伸到器械轴的内部。
根据本方案，第一上侧导轮141、第二上侧导轮142、第三上侧导轮143、第四上侧导轮144分别与第一下侧导轮161、第二下侧导轮162、第三下侧导轮163和第四下侧导轮164平行，分别对第一驱动线101的第一线部分101a、第二驱动线102的第一线部分102a、第一驱动线101的第二线部分101b，以及第二驱动线102的第二线部分102b进行导向，以减小驱动线导向过程中的磨损。同时拉动第一驱动线101的第一线部分101a和第二线部分101b并释放第二驱动线102的第一线部分102a和第二线部分102b，实现沿着第一导轮轴线191正向旋转，反之则反向旋转。第一驱动线101和第二驱动线102各自的两个线部分即第一线部分102a、第二线部分102b、第二线部分101b、第一线部分101a经过上侧导轮组140 导向后再经过下侧导轮组160导向，最终经过对应的第四过线孔183d、第三过线孔183c、第二过线孔183b、第一过线孔183a延伸到器械轴内部。下侧导轮组160存在的目的是确保在俯仰关节使用角度范围内(例如在-90°～90°的范围内)时，第一驱动线101和第二驱动线102各自的两个线部分即第一线部分102a、第二线部分102b、第二线部分101b、第一线部分101a始终分别缠绕在第二上侧导轮142、第四上侧导轮144、第三上侧导轮143、第一上侧导轮141上，这可以保证俯仰关节运动角度和驱动线长度变化成线性关系，方便后端驱动机构的设计。
在其他实施例中，中部支撑件120还可以具有不同于图5和图6所示的构型。例如，在图14至图16所示的实施例中，中部支撑件120可以构造成叉状结构。在该实施例中，第一支撑部分121可以包括第一臂部221和第二臂部222。第一臂部221与第二臂部222间隔设置并且两者的延伸方向相同。第一臂部221和第二臂部222均设置有第一中部支撑孔123。第二支撑部分122构造成圆柱形状，并设置有第二中部支撑孔124。第一末端执行部110a和第二末端执行部110b能够位于第一臂部221和第二臂部222之间，并且两者通过执行器轴销固定于第一臂部221和第二臂部222。第二支撑部分122位于第二上侧导轮142与第三上侧导轮143之间，并通过导轮轴销固定于下部支撑件180。
在未示出的其他实施例中，第一支撑部分121构造成圆柱形状，并位于第一末端执行部110a和第二末端执行部110b之间。第二支撑部分122包括第一臂部221与第二臂部222。第一臂部221与第二臂部222间隔设置并且两者的延伸方向相同。第一臂部221可以位于第一上侧导轮141与第二上侧导轮142之间，第二臂部222位于第三上侧导轮143与第四上侧导轮144之间；可替代地，第一臂部221可以位于第一上侧导轮141与下部支撑件180的一侧壁体182之间，第二臂部222位于第四上侧导轮144与下部支撑件180的另一侧壁体182之间；可替代地，第一臂部221和第二臂部222位于下部支撑件180的外侧。
此外，在其他实施例中，3自由度腕关节可以通过将第一末端执行部110a和第二末端执行部110b合二为一减小一个自由度以实现2自由度腕关节，末端执行元件110可以替换成带电的能量灼烧头或者激光光纤等。
根据本申请的另一方面提供了一种手术器械，其包括根据上述任一实施例的末端执行机构100。
除非另有定义，本文中所使用的技术和科学术语与本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施目的，不是旨在限制本申请。本文中在一个实施例中描述的特征可以单独地或与其它特征结合地应用于另一个实施例，除非该特征在该另一个实施例中不适用或是另有说明。
本申请已经通过上述实施例进行了说明，但应当理解的是，上述实施例只是用于举例和说明的目的，本申请并不局限于上述实施例，根据本申请的教导还可以做出更多种的变型和修改，这些变型和修改均落在本申请所要求保护的范围以内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种手术器械的末端执行机构，包括：
    下部支撑件；
    至少一组导轮组，所述至少一组导轮组设置于所述下部支撑件并相对于所述下部支撑件围绕导轮轴线可旋转；
    中部支撑件，所述中部支撑件包括用于限定一个执行器轴线的第一支撑部分和用于限定一个所述导轮轴线的第二支撑部分，所述第二支撑部分与所述至少一组导轮组中的一组导轮组围绕所述导轮轴线可旋转，其中第一支撑部分位于第二支撑部分的远端方向；以及
    末端执行元件，所述末端执行元件通过中部支撑件连接至所述下部支撑件，所述末端执行元件与所述第一支撑部分围绕执行器轴线可旋转，
    其中，所述执行器轴线和由所述第二支撑部分限定的所述导轮轴线为异面直线，且两者之间的夹角为锐角。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的末端执行机构，其中，在俯仰角度为0时，所述执行器轴线和由所述第二支撑部分限定的所述导轮轴线均垂直于器械轴线的方向，所述器械轴线的方向为自近端至远端延伸的方向。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述末端执行元件包括相对设置的第一末端执行部和第二末端执行部，所述第一末端执行部和第二末端执行部各自绕所述执行器轴线可转动地连接至所述第一支撑部分。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的末端执行机构，其中，还包括驱动线，所述第一末端执行部和所述第二末端执行部中的每一个均设置有沿竖向方向间隔布置的第一穿线孔和第二穿线孔，以及沿竖向方向间隔布置的第三穿线孔和第四穿线孔，所述驱动线的第一线部分由所述末端执行部的内侧穿过所述第一穿线孔并向下延伸穿过所述第二穿线孔，其第二线部分由所述末端执行部的内侧穿过所述第三穿线孔并向下延伸穿过所述第四穿线孔。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述第一穿线孔与所述第三穿线孔在水平方向上位置对应，所述第二穿线孔与所述第四穿线孔在水平方向上位置对应。
  6. 如权利要求4或5所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述第一穿线孔与所述第二穿线孔之间设置有第一槽，所述第三穿线孔与所述第四穿线孔之间设置有第二槽，所述第一槽和所述第二槽均设于每一个所述末端执行部的外表面，所述驱动线位于所述第一槽和所述第二槽内。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述至少一组导轮组包括上侧导轮组，所述上侧导轮组相对于所述下部支撑件围绕第一导轮轴线可旋转，所述上侧导轮组包括位于所述第二支撑部分一侧的第一上侧导轮和第二上侧导轮以及位于所述第二支撑部分另一侧的第三上侧导轮和第四上侧导轮，所述第一上侧导轮位于所述第二上侧导轮的外侧，所述第四上侧导轮位于所述第三上侧导轮的外侧。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的末端执行机构，其中，还包括第一驱动线和第二驱动线；
    所述第一驱动线缠绕所述第一末端执行部的第一导轮部并且所述第一驱动线的第一线部分从所述第一导轮部的一侧向下延伸并缠绕所述第一上侧导轮，其第二线部分从所述第一导轮部的另一侧向下延伸并缠绕所述第三上侧导轮；
    所述第二驱动线缠绕所述第二末端执行部的第二导轮部并且所述第二驱动线的第一线部分从所述第二导轮部的一侧向下延伸并缠绕所述第二上侧导轮，其第二线部分从所述第二导轮部的另一侧向下延伸并缠绕所述第四上侧导轮。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述第二上侧导轮的直径大于所述第一上侧导轮的直径，所述第三上侧导轮的直径大于所述第四上侧导轮的直径。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的末端执行机构，其中，
    所述第一导轮轴线在所述上侧导轮组的水平截面上，所述第一驱动线沿所述水平截面所截的截面为第一驱动线截面，所述第二驱动线沿所述水平截面所截的截面为第二驱动线截面，
    对应于所述第一上侧导轮的所述第一驱动线截面与对应于所述第三上侧导轮的所述第一驱动线截面二者的中心连线构成第一参考线；
    对应于所述第二上侧导轮的所述第二驱动线截面与对应于所述第四上侧导轮的所述第二驱动线截面二者的中心连线构成第二参考线；
    所述第一参考线平行于所述第二参考线并且两者的中点连线重合于或偏离于所述执行器轴线在所述水平截面上的投影。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述第一导轮部在所述水平截面的投影位于所述第一参考线上，所述第二导轮部在所述水平截面的投影位于所述第二参考线上。
  12. 如权利要求8至11中的任一项所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述至少一组导轮组还包括下侧导轮组，所述下侧导轮组相对于所述下部支撑件围绕第二导轮轴线可旋转，所述下侧导轮组包括第一下侧导轮、第二下侧导轮、第三下侧导轮和第四下侧导轮，所述第一下侧导轮位于所述第二下侧导轮的外侧，所述第四下侧导轮位于所述第三下侧导轮的外侧。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的末端执行机构，其中，由所述第一上侧导轮向下延伸的所述第一驱动线从所述第一上侧导轮与所述第一下侧导轮之间穿过并向下缠绕所述第一下侧导轮，由所述第三上侧导轮向下延伸的所述第一驱动线从所述第三上侧导轮与所述第三下侧导轮之间穿过并向下缠绕所述第三下侧导轮；
    由所述第二上侧导轮向下延伸的所述第二驱动线从所述第二上侧导轮与所述第二下侧导轮之间穿过并向下缠绕所述第二下侧导轮，由所述第四上侧导轮向下延伸的所述第二驱动线从所述第四上侧导轮与所述第四下侧导轮之间穿过并向下缠绕所述第四下侧导轮。
  14. 如权利要求12或13所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述第一下侧导轮的直径等于或大于所述第二下侧导轮的直径，所述第四下侧导轮的直径等于或大于所述第三下侧导轮的直径。
  15. 如权利要求12至14中的任一项所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述下部支撑件包括底壁体和向上延伸的两个侧壁体，所述底壁体设有用于所述驱动线穿过的过线孔，所述上侧导轮组和所述下侧导轮组位于所述两个侧壁体之间，所述两个侧壁体中的每一个均设置有第一下部支撑孔和第二下部支撑孔，所述上侧导轮组由固定于所述第一下部支撑孔的导轮轴销支撑，所述下侧导轮组由固定于所述第二下部支撑孔的导轮轴销支撑。
  16. 如权利要求3至15中的任一项所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述第一支撑部分和所述第二支撑部分均构造成圆柱形状，所述第一支撑部分与所述第二支撑部分在两者的圆柱面处相连，所述第一支撑部分位于所述第一末端执行部和所述第二末端执行部之间。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的末端执行机构，其中，还包括执行器轴销，所述第一支撑部分设置有第一中部支撑孔，所述执行器轴销穿设于所述第一中部支撑孔内，所述执行器轴销构造成阶梯形状并且包括直径依次减小的大端头、轴销中部和小端头；
    所述第一末端执行部套设并固定于所述小端头，所述第一末端执行部和所述中部支撑件两者间隙配合地套设于所述轴销中部且相对于所述轴销中部可旋转，所述大端头位于所述第二末端执行部的外侧且两者抵接。
  18. 如权利要求1至15中的任一项所述的末端执行机构，其中，所述第一支撑部分包括第一臂部和第二臂部，所述第一臂部与所述第二臂部沿所述执行器轴线间隔设置，所述末端执行元件位于所述第一臂部和所述第二臂部之间。
  19. 如权利要求1至18中的任一项所述的末端执行机构，其中，在所述第二支撑部分垂直于由所述第二支撑部分限定的所述导轮轴线且沿着器械轴线的方向的两侧分别固接至少一根俯仰驱动线。
  20. 一种手术器械，其中，包括如权利要求1至19中的任一项所述的末端执行机构。
PCT/CN2023/105723 2022-07-26 2023-07-04 手术器械的末端执行机构及手术器械 Ceased WO2024022048A1 (zh)

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