WO2024026780A1 - 电池和用电设备 - Google Patents

电池和用电设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024026780A1
WO2024026780A1 PCT/CN2022/110331 CN2022110331W WO2024026780A1 WO 2024026780 A1 WO2024026780 A1 WO 2024026780A1 CN 2022110331 W CN2022110331 W CN 2022110331W WO 2024026780 A1 WO2024026780 A1 WO 2024026780A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure relief
wall
relief mechanism
battery
area
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/110331
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈小波
李耀
顾明光
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to KR1020247025268A priority Critical patent/KR20240125672A/ko
Priority to EP22953589.3A priority patent/EP4481916A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/110331 priority patent/WO2024026780A1/zh
Priority to CN202280089578.1A priority patent/CN118613951A/zh
Priority to JP2024544505A priority patent/JP2025503192A/ja
Priority to CN202320564091.6U priority patent/CN220306448U/zh
Publication of WO2024026780A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024026780A1/zh
Priority to US18/946,535 priority patent/US20250070380A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H01M50/358—External gas exhaust passages located on the battery cover or case
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/317—Re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/375—Vent means sensitive to or responsive to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery and electrical equipment.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery and electrical equipment, which can improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • a battery including: a box including an electrical cavity; a battery cell accommodated in the electrical cavity; a first wall of the battery cell is provided with a pressure relief mechanism; an attachment structure attached to The first wall and the attachment structure are provided with an escape area.
  • the escape area is used to provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism of at least one battery cell.
  • the escape area satisfies: 0.3 ⁇ S2/(n*S1) ⁇ 8.5, where S1 is the projected area of the pressure relief mechanism in the direction perpendicular to the first wall, S2 is the projected area of the avoidance area in the direction perpendicular to the first wall, and n is the corresponding area of the avoidance area.
  • the number of pressure relief mechanisms, n is a positive integer.
  • the safety of the battery can be improved by reasonably setting the area size of the avoidance area of the attachment structure. Specifically, if S2/(n*S1) is set too small, there may be a situation where the area of the pressure relief mechanism is large and the area of the avoidance area corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism is small. In this way, on the one hand, the avoidance area may not provide a large enough deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism, which may cause the pressure relief mechanism to be at least partially blocked by the avoidance area and unable to operate normally, thus causing the emissions inside the battery cells to be unable to Drain in time.
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism may be too small, or the area of the escape area corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism may be too large. If the area of the pressure relief mechanism is too small, the emissions inside the battery cell will not be discharged from the battery cell in a timely and rapid manner, which will lead to thermal diffusion of the battery cell after thermal runaway, causing the battery to explode and affecting the safety of the battery. sex. If the area of the avoidance area is too large, the rigidity and strength of the attachment structure where the avoidance area is located will be reduced, affecting the performance of the attachment structure. For example, it may affect the support function of the attachment structure for the battery cells.
  • the avoidance area satisfies: 0.8 ⁇ S2/(n*S1) ⁇ 4, so that the area of the pressure relief mechanism is reasonably set, so that the emissions from the battery cells can be discharged in time through the pressure relief mechanism; the avoidance area
  • the area of the avoidance area will not be too small to avoid affecting the normal operation of the pressure relief mechanism and the discharge of emissions.
  • the area of the avoidance area will not be too large to ensure the strength of the attached structure where the avoidance area is located. and stiffness, thereby improving the safety and stability of the battery.
  • the projected area S1 of the pressure relief mechanism in a direction perpendicular to the first wall ranges from [50mm 2 , 3000mm 2 ]. If the area S1 is set too large, the area of the pressure relief mechanism located on the first wall is too large, which will reduce the strength of the first wall, that is, reduce the strength of the shell of the battery cell, thereby affecting the structural strength of the battery cell. and stability. On the contrary, if the area S1 is set too small, the area of the pressure relief mechanism is too small. Because when the battery cell is thermally out of control, emissions need to be discharged through the pressure relief mechanism. Therefore, if the area of the pressure relief mechanism is too small, then This will cause the battery cells to not discharge their emissions in a timely manner, which may cause heat diffusion between the battery cells and cause the battery to explode.
  • the projected area S2 of the avoidance area in the direction perpendicular to the first wall satisfies: 50mm 2 ⁇ S2/n ⁇ 10000mm 2 . If the value of S2/n is set too large, the area of the escape zone corresponding to a pressure relief mechanism will be too large, which will increase the total area of the escape zone on the attachment structure, thereby affecting the strength of the attachment structure. For example, it will affect the supporting effect of the attachment structure on the battery cells, thereby affecting the structural strength and stability of the battery.
  • the pressure relief mechanism cannot provide enough deformation space, which affects the discharge of emissions from the battery cells, easily causing heat diffusion between the battery cells, and thus causing the battery to explode.
  • the avoidance area corresponds to multiple pressure relief mechanisms. Corresponding multiple pressure relief mechanisms to each avoidance area can reduce the number of avoidance areas and facilitate processing; and when assembling, there is no need to correspond the pressure relief mechanisms to the avoidance areas one-to-one, which reduces the difficulty of assembly.
  • the electrical cavity includes a second wall, the first wall facing the second wall.
  • the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell faces the second wall of the electrical cavity instead of facing other battery cells. This makes it easier to set up an escape structure on the wall of the electrical cavity to provide an escape space for the pressure relief mechanism to deform, which can improve
  • the space utilization of the battery can also reduce the risk of thermal runaway battery cells causing thermal runaway of other battery cells and improve battery safety.
  • the attachment structure includes the second wall.
  • the second wall By reasonably setting the size of the avoidance area on the second wall, the emissions can be discharged promptly and quickly, preventing thermal diffusion and explosion, and improving the safety of the battery.
  • the escape zone includes a through hole penetrating the second wall in a thickness direction of the second wall, and the through hole is used to allow the pressure relief mechanism to escape from the pressure relief mechanism when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated. Expelled emissions exit the electrical cavity through the through hole.
  • the avoidance area includes a through hole provided on the second wall. On the one hand, it is convenient for processing. On the other hand, the through hole provides a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism, and also allows the emissions discharged by the pressure relief mechanism to quickly pass through the discharge through the hole.
  • the second wall is provided with a sealing structure for sealing the through hole, and the sealing structure is for being broken when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated to allow the discharge to pass through the through hole. hole.
  • the sealing structure on the one hand, the sealing of the electrical cavity can be maintained during the normal use of the battery cell, and the pressure relief mechanism can be protected from being affected by the external environment; on the other hand, when the battery cell undergoes thermal runaway, , the sealing structure can be destroyed in time to expose the through hole, and the emissions from the battery cells can pass through the through hole and be discharged from the electrical cavity, avoiding thermal runaway and improving the safety of the battery.
  • the sealing structure is disposed on a surface of the second wall facing the first wall, and/or the sealing structure is disposed on a surface of the second wall away from the first wall.
  • the distance between the pressure relief mechanism and the sealing structure can provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism to be actuated and avoid affecting the pressure relief mechanism.
  • the sealing structure is closer to the pressure relief mechanism and can be quickly destroyed by the emissions from the pressure relief mechanism. For example, it can quickly respond to the temperature of the battery cell, and The sealing structure is melted quickly to avoid affecting the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism, and emissions can be discharged in a timely manner.
  • the escape zone includes a groove with an opening of the second wall facing the pressure relief mechanism, and the groove is used to be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, so that the pressure discharged from the pressure relief mechanism Emissions exit the electrical cavity through the second wall.
  • the opening of the groove faces the pressure relief mechanism, and the inside of the groove can provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism to facilitate the activation of the pressure relief mechanism and discharge of emissions.
  • the battery further includes: a connection structure disposed between the first wall and the second wall, the attachment structure including the connection structure.
  • a connection structure is provided between the first wall and the second wall.
  • the connection structure can be used to achieve relative fixation between the first wall and the second wall, as well as between the first wall and the second wall.
  • the sealing between the second walls, on the other hand, the attachment structure can include the connection structure, that is, the connection structure includes an escape area, which can avoid the connection structure from blocking the pressure relief mechanism, so that the emissions can be discharged smoothly.
  • connection structure is provided with an escape opening corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism, and the escape area includes the escape opening.
  • the escape opening can provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism when it is activated, so as to prevent the connecting structure from blocking the pressure relief mechanism and causing delayed activation of the pressure relief mechanism, and the emissions passing through the pressure relief mechanism can be quickly discharged through the escape opening.
  • connection structure is used to prevent emissions from the pressure relief mechanism from entering the electrical cavity when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated.
  • the connection structure can be used as a seal, especially when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, and the connection structure is located between the first wall and the second wall, which can prevent emissions from entering the electrical cavity through the connection structure.
  • the emissions that pass through the pressure relief mechanism can be directly discharged from the electrical cavity through the avoidance opening and the second wall of the connection structure respectively. This prevents the emissions from entering the electrical cavity and causing the battery cells in the electrical cavity to short-circuit and cause thermal diffusion or even explosion. Emissions can be collected centrally to facilitate centralized processing of the emissions, avoid the impact of emissions on other components in the battery, and improve the safety of the battery.
  • connection structure is used to discharge exhaust from the pressure relief mechanism to the electrical cavity when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated.
  • the sealing requirements of the connection structure are reduced to facilitate implementation; and part of the emissions are discharged to the electrical cavity through the connection structure, and part of the emissions are also discharged from the electrical cavity through the connection structure and the second wall, which can speed up the discharge. , reduce the risk of battery explosion, and can achieve directional and dispersed emissions to avoid the impact of emissions on other components to improve the safety and stability of the battery.
  • connection structure is provided with a flow channel for discharging the exhaust from the pressure relief mechanism to the electrical cavity when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism can be discharged into the electrical cavity through the flow channel. In this way, by reasonably setting the position of the flow channel, the directional discharge of the emissions can be achieved, reducing the impact of the emissions on individual components in the electrical cavity, and thus Improve battery safety.
  • connection structure is used to be broken when the pressure relief mechanism is activated, so that a gap is formed between the first wall and the second wall, and the gap is used to discharge the pressure from the pressure relief mechanism. Emissions are directed to this electrical cavity.
  • the connection structure can be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated, thereby forming a gap to discharge the emissions to the electrical cavity; in this way, the connection structure can be removed from the Setting additional structures on the connection structure is more convenient and can also ensure the sealing of the battery cells during normal use.
  • the battery further includes a collection chamber for collecting emissions from the battery cells when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated.
  • the collection chamber can centrally collect and/or process the emissions, and then discharge the emissions to the outside of the battery.
  • the collection chamber may contain a liquid, such as a cooling medium, or a component containing the liquid may be provided to further cool down the emissions entering the collection chamber.
  • the battery further includes: an isolation component for isolating the electrical chamber and the collection chamber.
  • An isolation component is used to isolate the electrical cavity and the collection cavity. That is to say, the electrical cavity that accommodates the battery cells and bus components is separated from the collection cavity that collects emissions to avoid mutual influence between the two.
  • the isolation component forms at least part of the second wall. In this way, the emissions passing through the pressure relief mechanism can be discharged from the electrical chamber through the isolation component, for example, directly to the collection chamber.
  • an electrical device including: the battery described in the first aspect, the battery being used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • the electrical equipment is a vehicle, ship or spacecraft.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is an exploded structural diagram of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial structural schematic diagram of another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial structural schematic diagram of yet another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded structural diagram of another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial structural diagram of another battery disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery cells may include lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium lithium ion batteries, sodium ion batteries or magnesium ion batteries, etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.
  • the battery cell may be in the shape of a cylinder, a flat body, a rectangular parallelepiped or other shapes, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to packaging methods: cylindrical battery cells, rectangular battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module including one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Batteries generally include a box for packaging one or more battery cells. The box can prevent liquid or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • the battery cell includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator. Battery cells mainly rely on the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer.
  • the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab.
  • the material of the positive electrode current collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganate, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the current collector that is not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the current collector that is coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the current collector coated with the negative active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon.
  • the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the separator can be polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE).
  • the electrode assembly may have a rolled structure or a laminated structure, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • a pressure relief mechanism is generally installed on the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism refers to an element or component that is activated to relieve the internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • the predetermined threshold can be adjusted according to different design requirements. For example, the predetermined threshold may depend on one or more materials of the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, the electrolyte, and the separator in the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief mechanism may use elements or components such as pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism is activated, thereby forming a pressure relief mechanism for the internal pressure or temperature to be released. aisle.
  • the deformation space refers to the space inside or outside the pressure relief mechanism in the actuation direction (ie, the direction of destruction) when the pressure relief mechanism is actuated (for example, at least part of the pressure relief mechanism is destroyed). Therefore, how to set up the deformation space is particularly important for the pressure relief mechanism.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a battery and electrical equipment.
  • the battery includes a box, a battery cell, and an attachment structure.
  • the battery cell is accommodated in an electrical cavity of the box, and the first wall of the battery cell is provided with The pressure relief mechanism and the attachment structure are attached to the first wall.
  • the attachment structure is provided with an escape area, which can provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism of at least one battery cell, and the escape area satisfies: 0.3 ⁇ S2/(n*S1) ⁇ 8.5, where S1 is The projected area of the pressure relief mechanism in the direction perpendicular to the first wall, S2 is the projected area of the escape zone in the direction perpendicular to the first wall, n is the number of pressure relief mechanisms corresponding to the escape zone, n is a positive integer.
  • S1 is The projected area of the pressure relief mechanism in the direction perpendicular to the first wall
  • S2 is the projected area of the escape zone in the direction perpendicular to the first wall
  • n is the number of pressure relief mechanisms corresponding to the escape zone
  • n is a positive integer.
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism may be too small, or the area of the escape area corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism may be too large. If the area of the pressure relief mechanism is too small, the emissions inside the battery cell will not be discharged from the battery cell in a timely and rapid manner, which will lead to thermal diffusion of the battery cell after thermal runaway, causing the battery to explode and affecting the safety of the battery. sex. If the area of the avoidance area is too large, the rigidity and strength of the attachment structure where the avoidance area is located will be reduced, affecting the performance of the attachment structure. For example, it may affect the support function of the attachment structure for the battery cells.
  • Power-consuming devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys and power tools, etc.
  • Vehicles can be fuel vehicles, gas vehicles or new energy vehicles, and new energy vehicles can be pure electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles or extended-range vehicles, etc.
  • spacecraft include aircraft, rockets, space shuttles, spaceships, etc.
  • electric toys include fixed Type or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.
  • electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, for example, Electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • Electric drills Electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, planers and more.
  • the following embodiments take the electrical equipment as a vehicle as an example.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 1 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle.
  • the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a new energy vehicle. Extended range vehicles, etc.
  • a motor 40 , a controller 30 and a battery 10 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1 .
  • the controller 30 is used to control the battery 10 to provide power to the motor 40 .
  • the battery 10 may be disposed at the bottom, front or rear of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used to supply power to the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 and used in the circuit system of the vehicle 1 , for example, to meet the power requirements for starting, navigation, and operation of the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery 10 can not only be used as an operating power source of the vehicle 1 , but also can be used as a driving power source of the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .
  • the battery may include multiple battery cells, wherein the multiple battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel, or in mixed connection.
  • Hybrid connection refers to a mixture of series and parallel connection.
  • Batteries may also be called battery packs.
  • multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules can be connected in series, parallel, or mixed to form a battery.
  • multiple battery cells can directly form a battery, or they can first form a battery module, and then the battery module can form a battery.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic exploded structural diagram of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 shown in Figure 3 can be the one shown in Figure 2 Battery 10.
  • the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application may include: a box 11 including an electrical cavity 11a; a battery cell 20 accommodated in the electrical cavity 11a, and a first wall 21 of the battery cell 20 A pressure relief mechanism 211 is provided; an attachment structure 13 is attached to the first wall 21, and the attachment structure 13 is provided with an escape area 131, which is used to relieve the pressure of at least one battery cell 20.
  • the mechanism 211 provides a deformation space, and the avoidance area 131 satisfies: 0.3 ⁇ S2/(n*S1) ⁇ 8.5, where S1 is the projected area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 in the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21, and S2 is The projected area of the escape area 131 in the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21 , n is the number of pressure relief mechanisms 211 corresponding to the escape area 131 , and n is a positive integer.
  • the electrical cavity 11 a of the box 11 in the embodiment of the present application is used to accommodate at least one battery cell 20 , that is, the electrical cavity 11 a provides an installation space for the battery cell 20 .
  • Electrical cavity 11a may be sealed or unsealed.
  • the shape of the electrical cavity 11a may be determined according to one or more battery cells 20 accommodated.
  • FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 take the electrical cavity 11a as a rectangular parallelepiped as an example, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 in the embodiment of the present application is used to be activated when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined threshold to relieve the internal pressure or temperature.
  • the value of this threshold can vary according to different design requirements. The threshold may depend on one or more materials of the positive electrode piece, the negative electrode piece, the electrolyte, and the separator in the battery cell 20 .
  • the “activation” mentioned in this application means that the pressure relief mechanism 211 acts or is activated to a certain state, so that the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell 20 can be released.
  • the actions generated by the pressure relief mechanism 211 may include but are not limited to: at least a part of the pressure relief mechanism 211 is broken, broken, torn or opened, and so on.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 is activated, the high-temperature and high-pressure substances inside the battery cell 20 will be discharged outward from the activated part as emissions. In this way, the battery cells 20 can be pressure- and temperature-relieved under controllable pressure or temperature conditions, thereby avoiding potentially more serious accidents.
  • the emissions from the battery cells 20 mentioned in this application include but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of the isolation film, high-temperature and high-pressure gases generated by reactions, flames, etc. .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 in the embodiment of the present application is provided on the first wall 21 of the battery cell 20.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be a part of the first wall 21, or it can be a separate structure from the first wall 21. For example, It is fixed on the first wall 21 by welding.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is a part of the first wall 21, for example, the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be formed by providing a score on the first wall 21, and the thickness of the first wall 21 corresponding to the score is less than The thickness of other areas of the pressure relief mechanism 211 except the notch. The notch is the weakest point of the pressure relief mechanism 211.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be at the notch.
  • the inside and outside of the battery elevator 20 are connected, and the gas pressure and temperature are released outward through the rupture of the pressure relief mechanism 211 , thereby preventing the battery cell 20 from exploding.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 may also have a separate structure from the first wall 21.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 may take the form of an explosion-proof valve, an air valve, a pressure relief valve or a safety valve, and may specifically adopt a pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive valve. Sensitive components or structures, that is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism 211 performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism 211 is destroyed, thereby forming a supply for the internal pressure or Openings or passages for temperature relief.
  • attachment of the attachment structure 13 to the first wall 21 in the embodiment of the present application may include: the attachment structure 13 is in direct contact with the first wall 21 , or the attachment structure 13 is in indirect contact with the first wall 21 fixed.
  • the attachment structure 13 may refer to a structure that directly contacts the first wall 21 and is relatively fixed to the first wall 21 .
  • the attachment structure 13 can also be indirectly fixed to the first wall 21 through other structures, such as adhesives or connecting structures, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the attachment structure 13 is provided with an avoidance area 131, and the avoidance area 131 satisfies: 0.3 ⁇ S2/(n*S1) ⁇ 8.5, so as to increase the area size of the avoidance area 131 by reasonably setting it. Battery safety.
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 may be large, and the area of the escape area 131 corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 211 may be small.
  • the escape area 131 may not provide a large enough deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism 211 , which may cause the pressure relief mechanism 211 to be at least partially blocked by the escape area 131 and unable to operate normally, thus causing the battery cell 20 to Internal emissions cannot be discharged in time.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 can operate normally, due to the small area of the avoidance area 131, the emissions may not be discharged quickly through the avoidance area 131, that is, there is a discharge bottleneck in the avoidance area 131, which will also cause As a result, the emissions inside the battery cell 20 cannot be discharged in time. Therefore, both situations may cause the battery cell to heat 20 to spread out of control, causing the battery 10 to explode and affecting the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 may be too small, or the area of the escape zone 131 corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 211 may be too large.
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 is too small, the emissions inside the battery cell 20 will not be discharged from the battery cell 20 in a timely and rapid manner, which will cause thermal diffusion of the battery cell 20 after thermal runaway, causing the battery 10 to explode. The safety of the battery 10 is affected. If the area of the avoidance area 131 is too large, the rigidity and strength of the attachment structure 13 where the avoidance area 131 is located will be reduced, affecting the performance of the attachment structure 13. For example, it may affect the impact of the attachment structure 13 on the battery cells. 10 supporting role.
  • S2/(n*S1) in the embodiment of the present application is not likely to be too large or too small.
  • S2/(n*S1) can usually be set to 0.3, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, or 8.5 .
  • the avoidance area 131 satisfies: 0.8 ⁇ S2/(n*S1) ⁇ 4, so that the area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 is set reasonably so that the emissions from the battery cells 20 can be discharged in time through the pressure relief mechanism 211; the avoidance area The area of 131 will not be too small to avoid affecting the normal operation of the pressure relief mechanism 211 and the discharge of emissions. Moreover, the area of the avoidance area 131 will not be too large to ensure that the area around the avoidance area 131 is located. The strength and rigidity of the connecting structure 13 are improved, thereby improving the safety and stability of the battery 10 .
  • Figures 4 to 6 respectively show several possible partial structural diagrams of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the electrical cavity 11 a of the case 11 of the battery 10 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the electrical cavity 11a may include multiple groups of battery cells 20 arranged along the second direction Y.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 take the electrical cavity 11a including two groups of battery cells 20 as an example; and, each group of battery cells 20 includes a plurality of battery cells 20 arranged along the first direction X.
  • each group of battery cells 20 includes 8 battery cells 20 as an example.
  • the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y, and in the embodiment of the present application, the first direction The height direction of the case 11 of the battery 10 .
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 in order to clearly illustrate the corresponding relationship between the pressure relief mechanism 211 of the battery cell 20 and the avoidance area 131 of the attachment structure 13 , only one set is shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 A schematic diagram of a battery cell 20, and another group of battery cells 20 is not shown.
  • the projection of the pressure relief mechanism 211 in the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21 is marked as 211'.
  • the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21 is the third direction Z as
  • the projection of the avoidance area 131 in the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21 also takes the projection on the attachment structure 13 as an example, then the projection is the avoidance area 131 itself. Therefore, in this application, the avoidance area 131 will be The projection of zone 131 in a direction perpendicular to first wall 21 is still labeled 131 .
  • attachment structure 13 of the embodiment of the present application can be provided with at least one avoidance area 131, and each avoidance area 131 can correspond to the pressure relief mechanism 211 of at least one battery cell 20; and, the embodiment of the present application uses each battery as a
  • the unit 20 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 211 as an example.
  • the attachment structure 13 of the embodiment of the present application may be provided with multiple escape areas 131 , and the multiple escape areas 131 correspond to the pressure relief mechanisms 211 of the multiple battery cells 20 one-to-one, that is, Each escape zone 131 corresponds to a pressure relief mechanism 211 .
  • a corresponding avoidance area 131 can be provided for each pressure relief mechanism 211, and there may not be a corresponding avoidance area 131 between adjacent pressure relief mechanisms 211, which can save the time of the avoidance area 131 on the attachment structure 13.
  • the total area can thereby increase the strength and rigidity of the attachment structure 13 and improve the stability of the battery 10 .
  • the attachment structure 13 of the embodiment of the present application may also be provided with at least one escape area 131 , and each escape area 131 corresponds to multiple pressure relief mechanisms 211 .
  • each escape area 131 corresponds to multiple pressure relief mechanisms 211, which can reduce the number of escape areas 131 and facilitate processing; and when assembling, there is no need to correspond the pressure relief mechanisms 211 to the escape areas 131 one by one. , reducing the difficulty of assembly.
  • each avoidance area 131 can correspond to one or more pressure relief mechanisms 211 , and different escape areas 131 correspond to the pressure relief mechanisms 211 .
  • the number of pressing mechanisms 211 may be the same or different.
  • the number of pressure relief mechanisms 211 corresponding to multiple avoidance areas 131 may be the same.
  • each avoidance area 131 corresponds to a group of pressure relief mechanisms 211 of the battery cells 20 to facilitate processing.
  • the number of pressure relief mechanisms 211 corresponding to the multiple avoidance areas 131 may be different.
  • each escape area 131 corresponds to a group of battery cells 20 , and the number of pressure relief mechanisms 211 corresponding to each escape area 131 can be different, so that the total area of the escape areas 131 of the attachment structure 13 is smaller, and the efficiency of the attachment structure 13 is improved. Strength and stiffness improve the stability of the battery 10.
  • the shape of the escape area 131 in the embodiment of the present application can be set according to the actual application.
  • the shape of the escape area 131 can be set according to the shape and number of the corresponding pressure relief mechanisms 211 .
  • the shape of the escape area 131 can be consistent with the pressure relief mechanism 211; for another example, if the escape area 131 corresponds to multiple pressure relief mechanisms 211, the escape area 131
  • the area 131 may be set in a rectangular shape to facilitate processing, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the value range of the area S1 of the projection 211' of the pressure relief mechanism 211 in the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21 can be set according to the actual application. For example, if the area S1 is set too large, the area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 located on the first wall 21 is too large, which will reduce the strength of the first wall 21, that is, reduce the strength of the shell of the battery cell 20, thereby affecting the The structural strength and stability of the battery cells 20. On the contrary, if the area S1 is set too small, the area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 is too small. When the battery cell 20 thermally runs out of control, emissions need to be discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 211. Therefore, if the area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 If it is too small, the emissions from the battery cells 20 will not be discharged in time, which may cause heat diffusion between the battery cells 20 and cause the battery 10 to explode.
  • the area S1 should not be set too large or too small.
  • the value range of the area S1 of the projection 211' of the pressure relief mechanism 211 in the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21 is [50mm 2 , 3000mm 2 ]; for another example , the value range of the area S1 can also be set to [200mm 2 , 1500mm 2 ], so as to make the performance of the pressure relief mechanism 211 better.
  • the area S1 can usually be set to 50mm 2 , 100mm 2 , 150mm 2 , 200mm 2 , 250mm 2 , 300mm 2 , 350mm 2 , 400mm 2 , 450mm 2 , 500mm 2 , 600mm 2 , 630mm 2 , 700mm 2 , 800mm 2 , 850mm 2 , 900mm 2 , 1000mm 2, 1100mm 2 , 1300mm 2 , 1500mm 2 , 1800mm 2 , 2000mm 2 , 2500mm 2 , 2800mm 2 or 3000mm 2 .
  • the projected area S2 of the avoidance area 131 in the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21 in the embodiment of the present application can also be set according to the actual application, and the size of the area S2 is consistent with the pressure relief mechanism corresponding to the avoidance area 131
  • the number of 211 is related.
  • the area of the avoidance zone 131 can be adjusted by reasonably setting the value of S2/n.
  • the area of the escape zone 131 corresponding to a pressure relief mechanism 211 will be too large, which will increase the total area of the escape zone 131 on the attachment structure 13, thereby affecting the The strength of the attachment structure 13 , for example, will affect the supporting effect of the attachment structure 13 on the battery cell 20 , thereby affecting the structural strength and stability of the battery 10 .
  • the value of S2/n is set too small, the area of the avoidance area 131 corresponding to a pressure relief mechanism 211 is too small, which may block at least part of the pressure relief mechanism 211, thereby affecting the pressure relief mechanism 211.
  • the normal operation of the pressure relief mechanism 211 cannot provide sufficient deformation space, thereby affecting the discharge of emissions from the battery cells 20 and easily causing heat diffusion between the battery cells 20, thereby causing the battery 10 to explode.
  • the area S2 should not be set too large or too small.
  • the projected area S2 of the avoidance area 131 in the direction perpendicular to the first wall 21 satisfies: 50mm 2 ⁇ S2/n ⁇ 10000mm 2 ; for another example, the area S2 It can also satisfy: 250mm 2 ⁇ S2/n ⁇ 6000mm 2 .
  • the value of S2/n can usually be set to 50mm 2 , 100mm 2 , 150mm 2 , 200mm 2 , 250mm 2 , 300mm 2 , 350mm 2 , 400mm 2 , 450mm 2 , 500mm 2 , 600mm 2 , 700mm 2 , 800mm 2 , 900mm 2 , 1000mm 2 , 1200mm 2 , 1500mm 2 , 1920mm2, 2000mm 2 , 2380mm2, 3000mm 2 , 4000mm 2 , 5000mm 2 , 5500mm 2 , 6000mm 2 , 7000mm 2 , 8000mm 2 , 9 000mm 2 or 10000mm 2 .
  • the box 11 of the embodiment of the present application includes an electrical cavity 11a, which can be used to accommodate the battery cell 20.
  • the electrical cavity 11a can also be used to accommodate other components, such as , can be used to accommodate the bus component 30 , that is, the electrical cavity 11 a provides an installation space for the battery cell 20 and the bus component 30 .
  • the bus component 30 is used to realize electrical connection between multiple battery cells 20 , such as parallel connection, series connection or mixed connection.
  • the bus part 30 can realize electrical connection between the battery cells 20 by connecting the electrode terminals 212 of the battery cells 20 .
  • the bus component 30 may be fixed to the electrode terminal 212 of the battery cell 20 by welding.
  • Each battery cell 20 in the embodiment of the present application may include at least two electrode terminals 212, and the at least two electrode terminals 212 respectively include at least one positive electrode terminal 212a and at least one negative electrode terminal 212b.
  • the electrode terminal 212 in the embodiment of the present application is used to electrically connect with the tab of the electrode assembly inside the battery cell 20 to output electric energy.
  • each electrode terminal 212 in the embodiment of the present application can be disposed on any wall, and multiple electrode terminals 212 can be disposed on the same wall or different walls of the battery cell 20 .
  • the two electrode terminals 212 may be located on the same wall.
  • the two electrode terminals 212 may be located on the wall opposite to the first wall 21, so that when the pressure relief mechanism 211 of the first wall 21 is activated, the two electrode terminals 212 will not be affected, or the two electrode terminals 212 has a small impact to avoid short circuit between battery cells 20.
  • the two electrode terminals 212 included in the battery cell 20 may also be located on other walls, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • each battery cell 20 includes two electrode terminals 212 as an example. Different from what is shown in FIGS. 2 to 6 , the two electrode terminals 212 may also be located on different walls. For example, the two electrode terminals 212 of the battery cell 20 may be respectively located on two opposite walls of the battery cell 20 . Alternatively, the two electrode terminals 212 of the battery cell 20 may also be located on two intersecting walls, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the box 11 of the embodiment of the present application may also include a collection chamber 11b for collecting and/or processing when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is activated. Emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 211.
  • the collection cavity 11 b may be used to collect emissions from the battery cells 20 when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is activated, and then discharge the emissions to the outside of the battery 10 .
  • the collection chamber 11b is used to collect emissions and may be sealed or unsealed.
  • the collection chamber 11b may contain air or other gases.
  • the collection chamber 11b may also contain liquid, such as a cooling medium, or a component to accommodate the liquid may be provided to further cool down the emissions entering the collection chamber 11b. Further optionally, the gas or liquid in the collection chamber 11b circulates.
  • the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application further includes: an isolation component 114 for isolating the electrical chamber 11a and the collection chamber 11b.
  • the so-called “isolation” here refers to separation, which may not be sealed.
  • the isolation component 114 is used to isolate the electrical chamber 11a and the collection chamber 11b, that is, the electrical chamber 11a for accommodating the battery cells 20 and the collection chamber 11b for collecting emissions are separated from each other.
  • the isolation component 114 may include a wall shared by the electrical chamber 11a and the collection chamber 11b. As shown in Figures 2 to 6, the isolation component 114 (or a part thereof) can directly serve as a wall shared by the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b. In this way, the distance between the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b can be reduced as much as possible, saving money. space to improve the space utilization of the box 11.
  • the isolation component 114 in the embodiment of the present application may be a thermal management component, which is used to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20 .
  • the isolation component 114 may be used to contain fluid to regulate the temperature of the battery cell 20 .
  • the isolation component 114 can contain a cooling medium to adjust the temperature of the battery cell 20 .
  • the isolation component 114 can also be called a cooling component, a cooling system, a cooling plate, or the like.
  • the isolation component 114 can also be used for heating, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the fluid in the isolation component 114 may circulate to achieve better temperature regulation effect.
  • the box 11 in the embodiment of the present application can be implemented in various ways, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the box 11 may include a first cover 110 with an opening, and the isolation component 114 covers the opening of the first cover 110.
  • the electrical cavity 11a is formed.
  • the wall of the cavity 11a includes the first cover 110 and the isolation part 114.
  • the first cover 110 can also be implemented in various ways.
  • the first cover 110 may be a hollow one-piece structure with one end open; or, the first cover 110 may also include a first part 111 and a second part 112 with openings on opposite sides, and the first part 111 covers the One side opening of the second part 112 is closed to form the first cover 110 with one end open, and the isolation component 114 covers the other side opening of the second part 112 to form the electrical cavity 11a.
  • the box 11 may also include: a protective member 115 used to protect the isolation component 114.
  • the protection member 115 and the isolation component 114 may form a collection cavity 11b, that is, the wall of the collection cavity 11b includes Protective component 115 and isolation component 114 .
  • the box 11 may also include a closed second cover, which may be used to form the electrical cavity 11a, or by disposing the isolation component 114 Inside the cover, an electrical cavity 11a is isolated inside the cover, and further, a collection cavity 11b can also be isolated.
  • the second cover body can also be implemented in various ways.
  • the second cover body can include a third part and a fourth part. One side of the fourth part has an opening to form a semi-enclosed structure, and the isolation component 114 is provided. Inside the fourth part, the third part covers the opening of the fourth part, thereby forming a closed second cover.
  • the battery 10 in the embodiment of the present application may include: a box 11 including a first cover 110, an isolation component 114, and a protection member 115, wherein the first cover 110 and the isolation component 114 may be used for To form the electrical cavity 11a, the isolation member 114 and the guard member 115 may be used to form the collection cavity 11b.
  • the first cover body 110 also includes a first part 111 and a second part 112 with openings on opposite sides respectively, wherein the first part 111 is used to cover the opening on one side of the second part 112 to form a third part with an opening at one end.
  • a cover 110 is provided, and the isolation component 114 is used to cover the opening on the other side of the second part 112 to form the electrical cavity 11a.
  • the electrical cavity 11a has multiple walls, and the pressure relief mechanism 211 is provided on the first wall 21 of the battery cell 20.
  • the first wall 21 can be any part of the battery cell 20 facing the electrical cavity 11a. A wall.
  • the shape of the battery cell 20 in the embodiment of the present application can be set according to actual applications. For example, this application mainly uses a rectangular battery cell 20 as an example for description, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell 20 may also be a cylinder or other shapes.
  • the first wall 21 is any wall of the battery cell 20 .
  • the electrical cavity 11 a includes a second wall 12 , and the first wall 21 faces the second wall 12 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 of the battery cell 20 faces the second wall 12 of the electrical cavity 11a instead of facing other battery cells 20. This makes it easier to install an avoidance structure on the wall of the electrical cavity 11a for pressure relief.
  • the mechanism 211 provides an escape space for deformation, which can improve the space utilization of the battery 10 , and can also reduce the risk that a battery cell 20 that experiences thermal runaway will cause other battery cells 20 to experience thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the first wall 21 of the battery cell 20 where the pressure relief mechanism 211 is located faces the isolation component 114 , that is, the isolation component 114 is used to form at least part of the second wall 12 .
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 is provided on the first wall 21 of the battery cell 20 , which is the bottom wall of the battery cell 20 ; the isolation component 114 is used as the electrical cavity. At least part of the second wall 12 of 11a, the first wall 21 faces the isolation part 114. In this way, the emissions passing through the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be discharged from the electrical cavity 11a through the isolation component 114.
  • the embodiment of the present application mainly takes the second wall 12 as the isolation component 114 as an example, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the second wall 12 may also be another wall of the electrical cavity 11a of the box 11.
  • the second wall 12 can also be any wall of the second portion 112 .
  • the box 11 further includes at least one beam 113 , which is located between the plurality of battery cells 20 .
  • the beam 113 can be used to increase the structural strength of the box 11 .
  • the beam 113 can also be used to divide the electrical cavity 11a into at least two sub-electrical cavities.
  • the beam 113 can divide the electrical cavity 11a into two left and right sub-electrical cavities, and the beam 113 can also be regarded as a wall of the electrical cavity 11a. .
  • the second wall 12 can also be a beam 113, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the beam 113 may be a hollow structure, and the hollow structure may be used to form the collection cavity 11b, that is, the beam 113 includes a wall common to the electrical cavity 11a and the collection cavity 11b.
  • the isolation component 114 and the protection member 115 can be used to form a part of the collection cavity 11b, and the hollow structure of the beam 113 can also be used to form a part of the collection cavity 11b, that is, the partial collection formed by the isolation component 114 and the protection member 115.
  • the cavity 11b is connected to the hollow structure of the beam 113.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 When the pressure relief mechanism 211 is disposed toward the beam 113, that is, when the beam 113 serves as the second wall 12 and faces the first wall 21 where the pressure relief mechanism 211 is located, the pressure relief mechanism 211 is discharged.
  • the emissions can enter the collection chamber 11b through the beam 113.
  • the embodiment of the present application mainly takes the isolation component 114 as the second wall 12 as an example, but the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the relevant description is also applicable to the beam 113 as the second wall 12 or other electrical components.
  • the case where the wall of the cavity 11a is the second wall 12 will not be described again for the sake of simplicity.
  • the attachment structure 13 includes a second wall 12 , that is, the second wall 12 may be provided with an escape area 131 , which corresponds to the pressure relief mechanism 211 of at least one battery cell 20 to facilitate passage.
  • the discharge from the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be discharged through the avoidance area 131 of the second wall 12 .
  • emissions can be discharged promptly and quickly, preventing thermal diffusion and explosion, and improving the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the emissions can be discharged to the collection chamber 11b through the isolation component 14; in addition, when the isolation component 114 is a thermal management component, by reasonably setting the avoidance area 131 For example, the area of the escape area 131 should not be too large to avoid that too many escape areas 131 will make the space for the flow channel of the thermal management component used to accommodate fluids too small, thereby affecting the temperature of the thermal management component. Regulation efficiency.
  • the avoidance area 131 in the embodiment of the present application can be implemented in various ways.
  • the avoidance area 131 includes a through hole 121 penetrating the second wall 12 in the thickness direction of the second wall 12 .
  • the through hole 121 is used to remove the pressure when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is actuated.
  • the discharge from the pressure relief mechanism 211 is caused to be discharged from the electrical cavity 11 a through the through hole 121 .
  • the avoidance area 131 includes a through hole 121 provided on the second wall 12.
  • the through hole 121 provides a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism 211 and can also allow the pressure discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 211 to deform. Emissions can be quickly discharged through the through hole 121 .
  • FIG. 7 shows another structural schematic diagram of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 may also include a sealing structure 122 .
  • the second wall 12 is provided with a sealing structure 122 for sealing the through hole 121 , and the sealing structure 122 is used to be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is actuated to allow the emissions to pass through. through via hole 121.
  • the escape area 131 includes the through hole 121, the pressure relief mechanism 211 will be exposed. Therefore, during the use of the battery 10, the pressure relief mechanism 211 is easily affected by the external environment, which may cause the pressure relief mechanism 211 to fail.
  • the sealing structure 122 on the one hand, the sealing of the electrical cavity 11a can be maintained during normal use of the battery cell 20, and the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be protected from being affected by the external environment; on the other hand, during the normal use of the battery cell 20, 20
  • the sealing structure 122 can be destroyed in time to expose the through hole 121, and the emissions from the battery cell 20 can pass through the through hole 121 and be discharged from the electrical cavity 11a, thereby avoiding thermal runaway and improving the performance of the battery 10. safety.
  • the position of the sealing structure 122 in the embodiment of the present application can be set according to actual applications.
  • the sealing structure 122 is disposed on the surface of the second wall 12 facing the first wall 21 , and/or the sealing structure 122 is disposed on the surface of the second wall 12 away from the first wall 21 , so as to facilitate processing.
  • the distance between the pressure relief mechanism 211 and the sealing structure 122 can be 211 actuation provides deformation space to avoid affecting the pressure relief mechanism 211.
  • the sealing structure 122 When the sealing structure 122 is disposed on the surface of the second wall 12 facing the first wall 21 , the sealing structure 122 is closer to the pressure relief mechanism 211 and can be quickly destroyed by the emissions from the pressure relief mechanism 211 . For example, it can respond quickly to the battery.
  • the temperature of the monomer 20 causes the sealing structure 122 to be melted quickly, which can avoid affecting the actuation of the pressure relief mechanism 211 and allow the emissions to be discharged in time, for example, the emissions can be discharged to the collection chamber 11b in a timely manner.
  • FIG. 8 shows yet another structural schematic diagram of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the avoidance area 131 can also be realized by a groove.
  • the avoidance area 131 includes an opening of the second wall 12 facing a groove 123 of the pressure relief mechanism 211 , and the groove 123 is used to be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is activated, so that the emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 211
  • the electrical chamber 11a is discharged through the second wall 12 .
  • the opening of the groove 123 faces the pressure relief mechanism 211, and the inside of the groove 123 can provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism 211, so that the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be activated and discharge emissions.
  • attachment structure 13 in which the avoidance area 131 is located includes the second wall 12, there may be direct contact between the second wall 12 and the first wall 21, or other structures may also be provided, for example, the second wall 12 A connecting structure may be provided between the second wall 12 and the first wall 21 for connecting and fixing the second wall 12 and the first wall 21 .
  • FIG. 9 shows another exploded structural diagram of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery 10 further includes: a connecting structure 14 disposed between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12
  • the attachment structure 13 includes the connecting structure 14 .
  • a connection structure 14 is provided between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12.
  • the connection structure 14 can be used to realize the relative connection between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12. fixation, and sealing between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12.
  • the attachment structure 13 may include the connection structure 14, that is, the connection structure 14 includes an avoidance area 131, which can avoid the connection structure 14 to The pressure relief mechanism 211 is blocked so that the emissions can be discharged smoothly.
  • connection structure 14 is provided with an escape opening 141 corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 211 , and the escape area 131 includes the escape opening 141 .
  • the escape opening 141 can provide a deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism 211 when it is actuated, so as to avoid the connection structure 14 from blocking the pressure relief mechanism 211 and causing the pressure relief mechanism 211 to be actuated untimely, and the pressure relief process can be quickly discharged through the escape opening 141 Emissions from Establishment 211.
  • connection structure 14 of the embodiment of the present application can be implemented in various ways.
  • the connection structure 14 is used to prevent emissions from the pressure relief mechanism 211 from entering the electrical cavity 11a when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is activated.
  • the connecting structure 14 can be used as a sealing member, especially when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is actuated, the connecting structure 14 is located between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12, which can prevent emissions from entering the electrical cavity 11a through the connecting structure 14. In this way, the emissions passing through the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be directly discharged from the electrical chamber 11a through the avoidance opening 141 and the second wall 12 of the connection structure 14 respectively.
  • the emissions can be directly discharged to the collection chamber 11b to prevent the emissions from entering the electrical chamber 11a and causing electrical problems. If the battery cells 20 in the cavity 11a are short-circuited and cause thermal diffusion or even explosion, the emissions can be collected centrally to facilitate centralized processing of the emissions, avoid the impact of the emissions on other components in the battery 10, and improve the safety of the battery 10.
  • connection structure 14 is used to discharge the exhaust discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 211 to the electrical cavity 11a when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is activated.
  • the sealing requirements of the connecting structure 14 can be reduced, which facilitates implementation; and, part of the emissions can be discharged to the electrical cavity 11a through the connecting structure 14, and part of the emissions can also be discharged through the connecting structure 14 and the second wall 12.
  • the electrical cavity 11a can not only speed up the discharge speed and reduce the risk of explosion of the battery 10, but also realize directional and dispersed discharge to avoid the impact of emissions on other components, thereby improving the safety and stability of the battery 10.
  • FIG. 10 shows a partial structural schematic diagram of the battery 10 according to the embodiment of the present application, and the battery 10 shown in FIG. 10 may be the battery 10 shown in FIG. In the opposite direction.
  • the connection structure 14 is provided with a flow channel 142 , which is used to discharge the discharged matter discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 211 to the electrical cavity 11 a when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is actuated.
  • the emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism 211 can be discharged into the electrical cavity 11a through the flow channel 142. In this way, by reasonably setting the position of the flow channel 142, the directional discharge of the emissions can be achieved, reducing the impact of the emissions on individuals in the electrical cavity 11a. components, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • the flow channel 142 of the embodiment of the present application includes through holes and/or grooves penetrating the connection structure 14 , which not only facilitates processing, but also allows emissions to pass quickly.
  • the size of the flow channel 142 in the embodiment of the present application can be set according to actual applications.
  • the radial size of the flow channel 142 is less than or equal to 2 mm, and the radial direction of the flow channel 142 is perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust in the flow channel 142 to avoid the size of the flow channel 142 being too large, thereby avoiding flow through the flow channel 142 .
  • Excessive emissions from the channel 142 can also avoid the larger size of the emissions flowing through the channel 142, which has a filtering effect on the emissions, thereby reducing the impact of the emissions from the thermal runaway battery cell 10 on other battery cells 20. influence, try to avoid heat diffusion of the battery 10.
  • the radial size of the flow channel 142 can be the maximum value of the aperture of the flow channel 142; if the flow channel 142 is a groove, the radial size of the flow channel 142 can be The size may be the maximum value of the depth of the groove or the width of the groove, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • a filler may be provided in the flow channel 142, so that by reasonably setting the melting point of the filler, the filler can be used to seal the flow channel 142 when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is not actuated, and when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is not activated, the filler can be used to seal the flow channel 142. can be destroyed, for example, melted during actuation, so that the flow channel 142 can be flow-conducted. Then, when the battery cell 20 does not undergo thermal runaway, the sealing performance of the electrical cavity 11a can be improved to prevent the battery cell 20 from being affected. Or destroy.
  • the material of the filler can be selected according to the actual application.
  • the material of the filler can include foam rubber and/or plastic, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the flow channel 142 is a groove provided on the connection structure 14 as an example.
  • the connection structure 14 may include a plurality of flow channels 142 , and the plurality of flow channels 142 may include: grooves provided on a surface of the connection structure 14 facing the first wall 21 , that is, the opening of the groove faces the first wall 21 .
  • the surface of one wall 21; and/or, a groove provided on the surface of the connecting structure 14 facing the second wall 12, that is, the opening of the groove faces the second wall 12.
  • the flow channel 142 is a groove provided on the surface of the connecting structure 14 facing the second wall 12 , that is, the opening of the groove faces the second wall 12 .
  • the connecting structure 14 is provided with a plurality of flow channels 142 extending in at least one direction, and at least one direction is parallel to the first wall 21 . That is, the connecting structure 14 is provided with a plurality of flow channels 142 on a surface with a larger area. Multiple flow channels 142 extending in one or more directions. Providing multiple flow channels 142 can disperse the discharge direction of the emissions and avoid damage to components in that direction when high-temperature emissions are discharged in a single direction.
  • the extending direction of the flow channel 142 in the embodiment of the present application can be set according to actual applications.
  • the extension direction of the flow channel 142 can be reasonably set based on the positional relationship between the electrode terminal 212 of the battery cell 20 and the pressure relief mechanism 211 to avoid the impact of emissions on the electrode terminal 212 and the bus component 30 connected to the electrode terminal 212.
  • the extending direction of the flow channel 142 may not be limited.
  • the flow channel 142 may include: one or more X-direction first flow channels 142a extending along the first direction
  • the Y-direction second flow channel 142b extends in direction Y; alternatively, the flow channel 142 may also include flow channels in other directions provided by the connection structure 14, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • the first direction X and the second direction Y are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first direction X may be the thickness direction of the battery cell 20 .
  • the height direction Z of the battery cell 20 in the embodiment of the present application is perpendicular to the first direction X and the second direction Y.
  • the electrode terminal 212 is located on another wall, for example, the electrode terminal 212 is located on a wall that intersects the first wall 21 , or the electrode terminal 212 is located on the first wall 21 , then the flow channel can be reasonably arranged. 142 to avoid the impact of emissions on the electrode terminals 212. For example, short circuits between different bus components 30 connected to the electrode terminals 212 caused by metal debris in the emissions can be avoided, thereby improving the safety of the battery 10.
  • connection structure 14 can also be arranged in other ways.
  • the connecting structure 14 is used to be broken when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is activated, so that a gap is formed between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12 , and the gap is used to discharge the emissions discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 211 to Electrical cavity 11a.
  • the connecting structure 14 can be destroyed when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is actuated, thereby forming a gap, thereby discharging the emissions to the electrical cavity 11a; In this way, no additional structure is required on the connection structure 14 , which is more convenient and can ensure the sealing performance of the battery cell 20 during normal use.
  • the destruction of the connection structure 14 may include: at least part of the connection structure 14 is damaged.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 when the pressure relief mechanism 211 is actuated, only the outside of the connection structure 14 may be damaged, exposing part of the internal components of the connection structure 14 without being damaged; or, the internal structure of the connection structure 14 may be damaged, e.g. 14 may be a multi-layered structure, and some structural layers in the multi-layered structure may be damaged; or the connection structure 14 may be completely damaged, and the embodiment of the present application is not limited thereto.
  • connection structure 14 of the embodiment of the present application can be configured according to the actual application.
  • the connection structure 14 can include a bracket, a thermal pad, a sealing pad and an adhesive disposed between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12 at least one of the agents.
  • the connection structure 14 may include a bracket disposed between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12 for supporting and fixing the battery cells 20 .
  • connection structure 14 may include a thermally conductive pad disposed between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12 , and the battery cell 20 may be dissipated through the thermally conductive pad during use of the battery 10 .
  • the connection structure 14 may include a thermally conductive pad, and the thermally conductive pad may be a portion provided with a plurality of Y-direction second flow channels 142b extending along the second direction Y in the figure.
  • connection structure 14 may include a sealing gasket disposed between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12 to improve the sealing performance between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12 .
  • the connection structure 14 may include a sealing gasket, which may be a portion having a plurality of X-direction first flow channels 142 a extending along the first direction X in the figure.
  • connection structure 14 may include an adhesive disposed between the first wall 21 and the second wall 12 , which may be used to fix the battery cell 20 to the second wall 12 .
  • the connecting structure 14 includes an adhesive that can be used to secure the battery cell 20 to the second wall 12 .
  • the thermal pads, sealing pads and adhesives can be used individually or in combination.
  • the sealing pad can be disposed on at least one edge of the thermal pad.
  • the sealing pad can be disposed on the opposite two edges of the thermal pad, which can be used for heat dissipation and can also improve the first wall. 21 and the second wall 12.
  • the adhesive can be used to fix the sealing pad and the thermal pad to the battery cell 20 or to the second wall 12 to improve the stability of the battery 10 .
  • the materials of the thermal pad, sealing pad, and adhesive in the embodiments of the present application can be selected according to actual applications.
  • the material of the thermal pad may include thermally conductive silicone.
  • the material of the sealing gasket includes at least one of the following: silicone rubber, polypropylene (PP), soluble polytetrafluoroethylene (Polyfluoroalkoxy, PFA), and polyimide (Polyimide, PI).
  • the adhesive material includes at least one of the following: epoxy structural glue, acrylic structural glue, polyimide structural glue, maleimide structural glue, polyurethane structural glue and acrylic glue.
  • the material of the adhesive layer includes polymer glue and thermal conductive material.
  • the material of the polymer glue includes at least one of the following: epoxy resin, organic silica gel, and polyimide.
  • the thermal conductive material includes at least one of the following: Al2O3, ZnO, BeO, AlN, Si3N4, BN, SiC, B4C, carbon nanotubes and graphite nanosheets, the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the first wall 21 of the battery cell 20 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 211, and the attachment structure 13 attached to the first wall 21 is provided with an avoidance area 131, and the avoidance area 131 satisfies: 0.3 ⁇ S2/(n*S1) ⁇ 8.5, therefore, by reasonably setting the area size of the avoidance zone 131, the safety of the battery 10 can be improved.
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 may be large, and the area of the escape area 131 corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 211 may be small.
  • the escape area 131 may not provide a large enough deformation space for the pressure relief mechanism 211 , which may cause the pressure relief mechanism 211 to be at least partially blocked by the escape area 131 and unable to operate normally, thus causing the battery cell 20 to Internal emissions cannot be discharged in time.
  • the pressure relief mechanism 211 can operate normally, due to the small area of the avoidance area 131, the emissions may not be discharged quickly through the avoidance area 131, that is, there is a discharge bottleneck in the avoidance area 131, which will also cause As a result, the emissions inside the battery cell 20 cannot be discharged in time. Therefore, both situations may cause the battery cell to heat 20 to spread out of control, causing the battery 10 to explode and affecting the safety of the battery 10 .
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 may be too small, or the area of the avoidance area 131 corresponding to the pressure relief mechanism 211 may be too large.
  • the area of the pressure relief mechanism 211 is too small, the emissions inside the battery cell 20 will not be discharged from the battery cell 20 in a timely and rapid manner, which will cause thermal diffusion of the battery cell 20 after thermal runaway, causing the battery 10 to explode. The safety of the battery 10 is affected. If the area of the avoidance area 131 is too large, it will reduce the stiffness and strength of the attachment structure 13 where the avoidance area 131 is located, affecting the performance of the attachment structure 13. For example, it may affect the impact of the attachment structure 13 on the battery cells. 10 supporting role.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种电池和用电设备。该电池包括：箱体，包括电气腔；电池单体，容纳于该电气腔，该电池单体的第一壁设置有泄压机构；附接结构，附接于该第一壁，该附接结构设置有避让区，该避让区用于为至少一个该电池单体的该泄压机构提供变形空间，该避让区满足：0.3≤S2/(n*S1)≤8.5，其中，S1为该泄压机构在垂直于该第一壁的方向上的投影面积，S2为该避让区在垂直于该第一壁的方向上的投影面积，n为该避让区对应的泄压机构的数量，n为正整数。本申请实施例的电池和用电设备，能够提高电池的安全性能。

Description

电池和用电设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池和用电设备。
背景技术
随着电池技术的不断进步，各种以电池作为储能设备的新能源产业得到了迅速的发展。在电池技术的发展中，除了提高电池的性能外，安全问题也是一个不可忽视的问题。如果电池的安全问题不能保证，那该电池就无法使用。因此，如何增强电池的安全性，是电池技术中一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了一种电池和用电设备，能够提高电池的安全性能。
第一方面，提供了一种电池，包括：箱体，包括电气腔；电池单体，容纳于该电气腔，该电池单体的第一壁设置有泄压机构；附接结构，附接于该第一壁，该附接结构设置有避让区，该避让区用于为至少一个该电池单体的该泄压机构提供变形空间，该避让区满足：0.3≤S2/(n*S1)≤8.5，其中，S1为该泄压机构在垂直于该第一壁的方向上的投影面积，S2为该避让区在垂直于该第一壁的方向上的投影面积，n为该避让区对应的泄压机构的数量，n为正整数。
因此，本申请实施例的电池，通过合理设置附接结构的避让区的面积大小，可以提高电池的安全性。具体地，若S2/(n*S1)设置过小，则可能存在泄压机构的面积较大，而与该泄压机构对应的避让区的面积较小的情况。这样，一方面可能导致该避让区无法为泄压机构提供足够大的变形空间，这会导致泄压机构至少部分被避让区遮挡，而无法被正常动作，进而导致电池单体内部的排放物无法及时排出。另一方面，在泄压机构能够正常动作的情况下，由于避让区面积较小，可能导致排放物无法快速通过该避让区排出，即在该避让区处存在排放瓶颈，同样会导致电池单体内部的排放物无法及时排出。因此，这两种情况都可能导致电池单体热失控后发生热扩散，进而引起电池爆炸，影响了电池的安全性。
相反地，若S2/(n*S1)设置过大，则可能存在泄压机构的面积过小的情况，或者与该泄压机构对应的避让区的面积过大的情况。若泄压机构面积过小，会导致电池单体内部的排放物无法及时并快速地从电池单体内排出，进而导致电池单体热失控后发生热扩散，进而引起电池爆炸，影响了电池的安全性。而避让区的面积过大，则会降低该避让区所在的附接结构的刚度及强度，影响该附接结构的性能，例如，可能会影响该附接结构对电池单体的支撑作用。
在一些实施例中，该避让区满足：0.8≤S2/(n*S1)≤4，以使泄压机构的面积设置合理，便于电池单体的排放物通过该泄压机构及时排出；避让区的面积也不会过小，进而避免影响泄压机构正常动作，也会避免影响排放物的排放，并且，避让区的面积也不会过大，能够保证该避让区所在的附接结构的强度和刚度，进而提高电池的安全性和稳定性。
在一些实施例中，该泄压机构在垂直于该第一壁的方向上的投影面积S1的取值范围为[50mm 2，3000mm 2]。若面积S1设置过大，则位于第一壁的泄压机构的面积过大，会降低该第一壁的强度，即降低了电池单体的外壳的强度，进而影响该电池单体的结构强度和稳定性。相反地，若面积S1设置过小，则该泄压机构的面积过小，由于电池单体热失控时，需经过该泄压机构排出排放物，因此，若泄压机构的面积过小，则会导致电池单体的排放物排放不及时，可能会引起电池单体之间的热扩散，进而引起电池爆炸。
在一些实施例中，该避让区在垂直于该第一壁的方向上的投影面积S2满足：50mm 2≤S2/n≤10000mm 2。若S2/n的值设置过大，则该避让区的对应于一个泄压机构的区域的面积过大，会增加该附接结构上避让区的总面积，进而影响该附接结构的强度，例如，会影响该附接结构对电池单体的支撑作用，进而影响电池的结构强度和稳定性。相反地，若S2/n的值设置过小，则该避让区的对应于一个泄压机构的区域的面积过小，可能会遮挡至少部分泄压机构，进而影响该泄压机构的正常动作，无法为该泄压机构提供足够的变形空间，从而影响排放物排出电池单体，容易引起电池单体之间的热扩散，进而引起电池爆炸。
在一些实施例中，该避让区对应多个该泄压机构。将每个避让区对应多个泄压机构，可以减少避让区的设置个数，便于加工；并且，在进行组装时，不需要将泄压机构与避让区一一对应，减少组装难度。
在一些实施例中，该电气腔包括第二壁，该第一壁面向该第二壁。电池单体的泄压机构朝向电气腔的第二壁，而非朝向其他电池单体，这样可以便于在电气腔的壁上设置避让结构，用于为泄压机构提供变形的避让空间，能够提高电池的空间利用率，也可以降低发生热失控的电池单体引起其他电池单体发生热失控的风险，提高电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该附接结构包括该第二壁。通过合理设置该第二壁上的避让区的面积的大小，可以使排放物及时并快速排出，避让发生热扩散和爆炸，提高电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该避让区包括贯穿该第二壁的通孔，贯穿方向为该第二壁的厚度方向，该通孔用于在该泄压机构致动时，使得从该泄压机构排出的排放物经过该通孔排出该电气腔。避让区包括该第二壁上设置的通孔，一方面便于加工，另一方面，该通孔为泄压机构提供变形空间的同时，还可以使得经过泄压机构排出的排放物可以快速通过该通孔而排出。
在一些实施例中，该第二壁设置有密封结构，该密封结构用于密封该通孔，该密封结构用于在该泄压机构致动时被破坏，以使该排放物穿过该通孔。
考虑到该避让区包括通孔时，会导致泄压机构暴露，那么，在电池使用过程中，泄压机构容易受到外部环境影响，进而可能导致泄压机构失效。因此，通过设置的该密封结构，一方面可以在电池单体正常使用过程中，保持电气腔的密封性，保护泄压机构不被外部环境影响；另一方面，在电池单体发生热失控时，该密封结构能够被及时破坏，以露出通孔，则电池单体的排放物能够穿过该通孔排出电气腔，避免热失控，提高了电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该密封结构设置在该第二壁的朝向该第一壁的表面，和/或，该密封结构设置在该第二壁的远离该第一壁的表面。密封结构设置在第二壁的远离第一壁的表面时，泄压机构与密封结构之间的距离能够为泄压机构致动提供变形空间，避免影响泄压机构。而密封结构设置在第二壁的朝向第一壁的表面时，密封结构距离泄压机构较近，能够被泄压机构的排放物快速破坏，例如，能够快速响应于电池单体的温度，而使密封结构被快速熔化，可以避免影响泄压机构致动，并可以及时排出排放物。
在一些实施例中，该避让区包括该第二壁的开口朝向该泄压机构的凹槽，该凹槽用于在该泄压机构致动时被破坏，以使从该泄压机构排出的排放物穿过该第二壁排出该电气腔。该凹槽的开口朝向泄压机构，凹槽内部能够为该泄压机构提供变形空间，以便于泄压机构致动并排出排放物。
在一些实施例中，该电池还包括：连接结构，该连接结构设置在该第一壁与该第二壁之间，该附接结构包括该连接结构。在第一壁和第二壁之间设置连接结构，一方面可以在电池单体未发生热失控时，通过该连接结构实现第一壁和第二壁之间的相对固定，以及第一壁和第二壁之间的密封性，另一方面，附接结构可以包括该连接结构，即该连接结构包括避让区，可以避免该连接结构对泄压机构的遮挡，以便于排放物可以顺利排出。
在一些实施例中，该连接结构设置有对应于该泄压机构的避让开口，该避让区包括该避让开口。避让开口能够为泄压机构致动时提供变形空间，以避免连接结构遮挡该泄压机构而造成泄压机构致动不及时，并且可以通过该避让开口快速排出经过泄压机构的排放物。
在一些实施例中，该连接结构用于在该泄压机构致动时，阻止从该泄压机构排出的排放物进入该电气腔。该连接结构可以用作密封件，尤其在泄压机构致动时，连接结构位于第一壁和第二壁之间，可以阻止排放物通过该连接结构进入电气腔。这样，经过泄压机构的排放物可以分别通过连接结构的避让开口以及第二壁直接排出电气腔，避免排放物进入电气腔后造成电气腔的电池单体发生短路而引起热扩散甚至爆炸，还能够集中收集排放物，以便于集中处理该排放物，避免排放物对电池内其他部件的影响，提高电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该连接结构用于在该泄压机构致动时，将从该泄压机构排出的排放物排至该电气腔。降低该连接结构对密封性的要求，便于实现；并且，将部分排放物通过连接结构排至电气腔，同时也将部分排放物经过该连接结构和第二壁排出电气腔，既能够加快排放速度，降低电池爆炸的风险，又可以实现定向以及分散排放， 避免排放物对其他部件的影响，以提高电池的安全性和稳定性。
在一些实施例中，该连接结构设置有流道，该流道用于在该泄压机构致动时，将从该泄压机构排出的排放物排至该电气腔。经过泄压机构排出的排放物可以通过流道排至电气腔内，这样，通过合理设置该流道的位置，可以实现排放物的定向排放，减少排放物对电气腔内个别部件的影响，进而提高电池的安全性。
在一些实施例中，该连接结构用于在该泄压机构致动时被破坏，以使该第一壁和该第二壁之间形成间隙，该间隙用于将从该泄压机构排出的排放物排至该电气腔。通过合理选择连接结构的材料，以获得合适的连接结构的熔点，即可使得连接结构在泄压机构致动时被破坏，进而形成间隙，从而将排放物排放至电气腔；这样，可以不在该连接结构上设置额外的结构，更加简便，也可以保证电池单体在正常使用时的密封性。
在一些实施例中，该电池还包括：收集腔，用于在该泄压机构致动时收集来自该电池单体的排放物。该收集腔可以集中收集和/或处理该排放物，再将排放物排出至电池外部。例如，该收集腔内可以包含液体，比如冷却介质，或者，设置容纳该液体的部件，以对进入收集腔的排放物进一步降温。
在一些实施例中，该电池还包括：隔离部件，用于隔离该电气腔和该收集腔。采用隔离部件隔离电气腔和收集腔，也就是说，容纳电池单体和汇流部件的电气腔与收集排放物的收集腔是分离的，避免二者之间相互影响。
在一些实施例中，该隔离部件形成为该第二壁的至少部分。这样，经过泄压机构的排放物可以经过隔离部件排出电气腔，例如，可以直接排至收集腔。
第二方面，提供了一种用电设备，包括：第一方面所述的电池，该电池用于为该用电设备提供电能。
在一些实施例中，所述用电设备为车辆、船舶或航天器。
附图说明
图1是本申请一实施例公开的一种车辆的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的结构示意图；
图3是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的分解结构示意图；
图4是本申请一实施例公开的一种电池的局部结构示意图；
图5是本申请一实施例公开的另一种电池的局部结构示意图；
图6是本申请一实施例公开的再一种电池的局部结构示意图；
图7是本申请一实施例公开的另一种电池的结构示意图；
图8是本申请一实施例公开的再一种电池的结构示意图；
图9是本申请一实施例公开的另一种电池的分解结构示意图；
图10是本申请一实施例公开的另一种电池的局部结构示意图。
在附图中，附图并未按照实际的比例绘制。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本申请的原理，但不能用来限制本申请的范围，即本申请不限于所描述的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个以上；术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。“垂直”并不是严格意义上的垂直，而是在误差允许范围之内。“平行”并不是严格意义上的平行，而是在误差允许范围之内。
下述描述中出现的方位词均为图中示出的方向，并不是对本申请的具体结构进行限定。在本申请的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可视具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方体方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
本申请的实施例所提到的电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模块或电池包等。电池一般包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。
电池单体包括电极组件和电解液，电极组件由正极片、负极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极片和负极片之间移动来工作。正极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的集流体作为正极极耳。以锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。负极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的集流体作为负极极耳。 负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。隔膜的材质可以为聚丙烯(PP)或聚乙烯(PE)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池技术的发展要同时考虑多方面的设计因素，例如，能量密度、循环寿命、放电容量、充放电倍率等性能参数，另外，还需要考虑电池的安全性。对于电池来说，主要的安全危险来自于充电和放电过程，为了提高电池的安全性能，对电池单体一般会设置泄压机构。泄压机构是指电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动以泄放内部压力或温度的元件或部件。该预定阈值可以根据设计需求不同而进行调整。例如，该预定阈值可取决于电池单体中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。泄压机构可以采用诸如对压力敏感或温度敏感的元件或部件，即，当电池单体的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构致动，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的通道。
对于泄压机构而言，在致动时需要有一定的变形空间。该变形空间是指泄压机构在致动时(例如泄压机构的至少一部分被破坏)，泄压机构内部或外部的在致动方向(即，被破坏的方向)上的空间。因此，如何设置该变形空间，对该泄压机构尤为重要。
本申请实施例提供了一种电池和用电设备，该电池包括箱体、电池单体和附接结构，其中，电池单体容纳于箱体的电气腔，电池单体的第一壁设置有泄压机构，附接结构附接于第一壁。该附接结构设置有避让区，该避让区能够为至少一个电池单体的泄压机构提供变形空间，并且，该避让区满足：0.3≤S2/(n*S1)≤8.5，其中，S1为该泄压机构在垂直于该第一壁的方向上的投影面积，S2为该避让区在垂直于该第一壁的方向上的投影面积，n为该避让区对应的泄压机构的数量，n为正整数。通过合理设置该避让区的面积大小，可以提高电池的安全性。
若S2/(n*S1)设置过小，则可能存在泄压机构的面积较大，而与该泄压机构对应的避让区的面积较小的情况。这样，一方面可能导致该避让区无法为泄压机构提供足够大的变形空间，这会导致泄压机构至少部分被避让区遮挡，而无法被正常动作，进而导致电池单体内部的排放物无法及时排出。另一方面，在泄压机构能够正常动作的情况下，由于避让区面积较小，可能导致排放物无法快速通过该避让区排出，即在该避让区处存在排放瓶颈，同样会导致电池单体内部的排放物无法及时排出。因此，这两种情况都可能导致电池单体热失控后发生热扩散，进而引起电池爆炸，影响了电池的安全性。
相反地，若S2/(n*S1)设置过大，则可能存在泄压机构的面积过小的情况，或者与该泄压机构对应的避让区的面积过大的情况。若泄压机构面积过小，会导致电池单体内部的排放物无法及时并快速地从电池单体内排出，进而导致电池单体热失控后发生热扩散，进而引起电池爆炸，影响了电池的安全性。而避让区的面积过大，则会降低该避让区所在的附接结构的刚度及强度，影响该附接结构的性能，例如，可能会影响该附接结构对电池单体的支撑作用。
本申请实施例描述的技术方案均适用于各种使用电池的用电设备。
用电设备可以是车辆、手机、便携式设备、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动汽车玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。本申请实施例对上述用电设备不做特殊限制。
以下实施例为了方便说明，以用电设备为车辆为例进行说明。
例如，如图1所示，为本申请一个实施例的一种车辆1的结构示意图，车辆1可以为燃油汽车、燃气汽车或新能源汽车，新能源汽车可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或增程式汽车等。车辆1的内部可以设置马达40，控制器30以及电池10，控制器30用来控制电池10为马达40的供电。例如，在车辆1的底部或车头或车尾可以设置电池10。电池10可以用于车辆1的供电，例如，电池10可以作为车辆1的操作电源，用于车辆1的电路系统，例如，用于车辆1的启动、导航和运行时的工作用电需求。在本申请的另一实施例中，电池10不仅仅可以作为车辆1的操作电源，还可以作为车辆1的驱动电源，替代或部分地替代燃油或天然气为车辆1提供驱动动力。
为了满足不同的使用电力需求，电池可以包括多个电池单体，其中，多个电池单体之间可以串联或并联或混联，混联是指串联和并联的混合。电池也可以称为电池包。例如，多个电池单体可以先串联或并联或混联组成电池模块，多个电池模块再串联或并联或混联组成电池。也就是说，多个电池单体可以直接组成电池，也可以先组成电池模块，电池模块再组成电池。
图2示出了本申请实施例的电池10的结构示意图；图3示出了本申请实施例的电池10的分解结构示意图，例如，该图3所示的电池10可以为图2所示的电池10。如图2和图3所示，本申请实施例的电池10可以包括：箱体11，包括电气腔11a；电池单体20，容纳于该电气腔11a，该电池单体20的第一壁21设置有泄压机构211；附接结构13，附接于该第一壁21，该附接结构13设置有避让区131，该避让区131用于为至少一个该电池单体20的该泄压机构211提供变形空间，该避让区131满足：0.3≤S2/(n*S1)≤8.5，其中，S1为该泄压机构211在垂直于该第一壁21的方向上的投影面积，S2为该避让区131在垂直于该第一壁21的方向上的投影面积，n为该避让区131对应的泄压机构211的数量，n为正整数。
应理解，如图2和图3所示，本申请实施例的箱体11的电气腔11a用于容纳至少一个电池单体20，即电气腔11a提供电池单体20的安装空间。电气腔11a可以是密封或非密封的。电气腔11a的形状可以根据所容纳的一个或者多个电池单体20而定。例如，图2和图3以电气腔11a为长方体为例，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，本申请实施例的泄压机构211用于在电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时致动，以泄放内部压力或温度。该阈值的取值可以根据设计需求不同而 不同。该阈值可能取决于电池单体20中的正极极片、负极极片、电解液和隔离膜中一种或几种的材料。
本申请中所提到的“致动”是指泄压机构211产生动作或被激活至一定的状态，从而使得电池单体20的内部压力及温度得以被泄放。泄压机构211产生的动作可以包括但不限于：泄压机构211中的至少一部分破裂、破碎、被撕裂或者打开，等等。泄压机构211在致动时，电池单体20的内部的高温高压物质作为排放物会从致动的部位向外排出。以此方式能够在可控压力或温度的情况下使电池单体20发生泄压及泄温，从而避免潜在的更严重的事故发生。
本申请中所提到的来自电池单体20的排放物包括但不限于：电解液、被溶解或分裂的正负极极片、隔离膜的碎片、反应产生的高温高压气体、火焰，等等。
本申请实施例的该泄压机构211设置于电池单体20的第一壁21，该泄压机构211可以为第一壁21的一部分，也可以与第一壁21为分体式结构，通过例如焊接的方式固定在第一壁21上。例如，当泄压机构211为第一壁21的一部分时，例如，泄压机构211可以通过在第一壁21上设置刻痕的方式形成，与该刻痕的对应的第一壁21厚度小于泄压机构211除刻痕处其他区域的厚度。刻痕处是泄压机构211最薄弱的位置。当电池单体20产生的气体太多使得内部压力升高并达到阈值或电池单体20内部反应产生热量造成电池单体20内部温度升高并达到阈值时，泄压机构211可以在刻痕处发生破裂而导致电池电梯20的内外相通，气体压力及温度通过泄压机构211的裂开向外释放，进而避免电池单体20发生爆炸。
再例如，泄压机构211也可以与第一壁21为分体式结构，泄压机构211可以采用诸如防爆阀、气阀、泄压阀或安全阀等的形式，并可以具体采用压敏或温敏的元件或构造，即，当电池单体20的内部压力或温度达到预定阈值时，泄压机构211执行动作或者泄压机构211中设有的薄弱结构被破坏，从而形成可供内部压力或温度泄放的开口或通道。
应理解，本申请实施例的附接结构13附接于第一壁21可以包括：该附接结构13直接与该第一壁21接触，或者，该附接结构13间接与该第一壁21固定。例如，该附接结构13可以指直接与第一壁21接触，并与该第一壁21相对固定的结构。再例如，该附接结构13也可以通过其他结构，例如粘结剂或者连接结构等，与第一壁21间接固定，本申请实施例并不限于此。
在本申请实施例中，附接结构13设置有避让区131，该避让区131满足：0.3≤S2/(n*S1)≤8.5，以通过合理设置该避让区131的面积大小，以提高该电池的安全性。
具体地，若S2/(n*S1)设置过小，例如小于0.3，则可能存在泄压机构211的面积较大，而与该泄压机构211对应的避让区131的面积较小的情况。这样，一方面可能导致该避让区131无法为泄压机构211提供足够大的变形空间，这会导致泄压机构211至少部分被避让区131遮挡，而无法被正常动作，进而导致电池单体20内部的排放物无法及时排出。另一方面，在泄压机构211能够正常动作的情况下，由于避让区131面积较小，可能导致排放物无法快速通过该避让区131排出，即在该避让区131处存在排 放瓶颈，同样会导致电池单体20内部的排放物无法及时排出。因此，这两种情况都可能导致电池单体热20失控后发生热扩散，进而引起电池10爆炸，影响了电池10的安全性。
相反地，若S2/(n*S1)设置过大，例如，大于8.5，则可能存在泄压机构211的面积过小的情况，或者与该泄压机构211对应的避让区131的面积过大的情况。若泄压机构211面积过小，会导致电池单20内部的排放物无法及时并快速地从电池单体20内排出，进而导致电池单体20热失控后发生热扩散，进而引起电池10爆炸，影响了电池10的安全性。而避让区131的面积过大，则会降低该避让区131所在的附接结构13的刚度及强度，影响该附接结构13的性能，例如，可能会影响该附接结构13对电池单体10的支撑作用。
因此，本申请实施例的S2/(n*S1)取值不易过大或者过小。例如，S2/(n*S1)通常可以设置为0.3、0.8、1、1.5、1.8、2、2.5、3、3.5、4、4.5、5、5.5、6、6.5、7、7.5、8或者8.5。再例如，避让区131满足：0.8≤S2/(n*S1)≤4，以使泄压机构211的面积设置合理，便于电池单体20的排放物通过该泄压机构211及时排出；避让区131的面积也不会过小，进而避免影响泄压机构211正常动作，也会避免影响排放物的排放，并且，避让区131的面积也不会过大，能够保证该避让区131所在的附接结构13的强度和刚度，进而提高电池10的安全性和稳定性。
图4至图6分别示出了本申请实施例的电池10的几种可能的局部结构示意图。如图4至图6所示，这里以电池10的箱体11的电气腔11a包括多个电池单体20为例。具体地，电气腔11a可以包括沿第二方向Y排列的多组电池单体20，例如，图4至图6以电气腔11a包括两组电池单体20为例；并且，每组电池单体20包括沿第一方向X排列的多个电池单体20，例如，图4至图6以每组电池单体20包括8个电池单体20为例。应理解，第一方向X垂直于第二方向Y，并且，本申请实施例以该第一方向X与第二方向Y均垂直于第三方向Z为例，其中，该第三方向Z可以为电池10的箱体11的高度方向。
如图4至图6所示，为了清楚地示出电池单体20的泄压机构211与附接结构13的避让区131之间的对应关系，图4至图6中仅示出了一组电池单体20的示意图，另一组电池单体20并未示出。具体地，本申请实施例将泄压机构211在垂直于第一壁21的方向上的投影标记为211’，例如，本申请实施例以垂直于第一壁21的方向为第三方向Z为例，并且，以该泄压机构211沿垂直于第一壁21的方向上在附接结构13上的投影211’为例。与之类似地，避让区131在垂直于第一壁21的方向上的投影也以在附接结构13上的投影为例，则该投影为该避让区131本身，因此，本申请中将避让区131在垂直于第一壁21的方向上的投影仍然标记为131。
应理解，本申请实施例的附接结构13可以设置有至少一个避让区131，每个避让区131可以对应至少一个电池单体20的泄压机构211；并且，本申请实施例以每个电池单体20设置有一个泄压机构211为例。
可选地，如图4所示，本申请实施例的附接结构13可以设置有多个避让区131，多个避让区131与多个电池单体20的泄压机构211一一对应，即每个避让区131对应 于一个泄压机构211。这样，可以针对每个泄压机构211设置与之对应的一个避让区131，而相邻的泄压机构211之间可以不具有对应的避让区131，能够节省附接结构13上避让区131的总面积，进而可以增加该附接结构13的强度和刚度，提高电池10的稳定性。
可选地，与图4不同地，如图5所示，本申请实施例的附接结构13也可以设置有至少一个避让区131，每个避让区131对应于多个泄压机构211。这样，将每个避让区131对应多个泄压机构211，可以减少避让区131的设置个数，便于加工；并且，在进行组装时，不需要将泄压机构211与避让区131一一对应，减少组装难度。
可选地，如图5和图6所示，附接结构13上可以设置多个避让区131，每个避让区131可以对应一个或者多个泄压机构211，并且不同避让区131对应的泄压机构211的个数可以相同，也可以不同。具体地，如图5所示，多个避让区131对应的泄压机构211的个数可以相同，例如，每个避让区131对应一组电池单体20的泄压机构211，以便于加工。或者，如图6所示，多个避让区131对应的泄压机构211的个数可以不同，例如，若沿第一方向X排列的一组电池单体20的个数较多，可以设置多个避让区131对应一组电池单体20，每个避让区131对应的泄压机构211的数量可以不同，以使得附接结构13的避让区131的总面积较小，提高附接结构13的强度和刚度，提高电池10的稳定性。
如图2至图6所示，本申请实施例的避让区131的形状可以根据实际应用进行设置，例如，该避让区131的形状可以根据对应的泄压机构211的形状和个数进行设置。例如，若该避让区131与泄压机构211一一对应，则该避让区131的形状可以与泄压机构211保持一致；再例如，若该避让区131对应多个泄压机构211，该避让区131可以设置为矩形，以便于加工，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，如图2至图6所示，泄压机构211在垂直于第一壁21的方向上的投影211’面积S1的取值范围可以根据实际应用进行设置。例如，若面积S1设置过大，则位于第一壁21的泄压机构211的面积过大，会降低该第一壁21的强度，即降低了电池单体20的外壳的强度，进而影响该电池单体20的结构强度和稳定性。相反地，若面积S1设置过小，则该泄压机构211的面积过小，由于电池单体20热失控时，需经过该泄压机构211排出排放物，因此，若泄压机构211的面积过小，则会导致电池单体20的排放物排放不及时，可能会引起电池单体20之间的热扩散，进而引起电池10爆炸。
因此，该面积S1不宜设置过大或者过小，例如，泄压机构211在垂直于第一壁21的方向上的投影211’面积S1的取值范围为[50mm 2，3000mm 2]；再例如，面积S1的取值范围也可以设置为[200mm 2，1500mm 2]，以使该泄压机构211的性能更优。具体地，该面积S1通常可以设置为50mm 2、100mm 2、150mm 2、200mm 2、250mm 2、300mm 2、350mm 2、400mm 2、450mm 2、500mm 2、600mm 2、630mm 2、700mm 2、800mm 2、850mm 2、900mm 2、1000mm 2、1100mm 2、1300mm 2、1500mm 2、1800mm 2、2000mm 2、2500mm 2、2800mm 2或者3000mm 2。
应理解，本申请实施例的避让区131在垂直于第一壁21的方向上的投影面积S2也可以根据实际应用进行设置，并且，该面积S2的大小与该避让区131对应的泄压 机构211的个数相关。具体地，可以通过合理设置S2/n的值，以调节避让区131的面积。例如，若S2/n的值设置过大，则该避让区131的对应于一个泄压机构211的区域的面积过大，会增加该附接结构13上避让区131的总面积，进而影响该附接结构13的强度，例如，会影响该附接结构13对电池单体20的支撑作用，进而影响电池10的结构强度和稳定性。相反地，若S2/n的值设置过小，则该避让区131的对应于一个泄压机构211的区域的面积过小，可能会遮挡至少部分泄压机构211，进而影响该泄压机构211的正常动作，无法为该泄压机构211提供足够的变形空间，从而影响排放物排出电池单体20，容易引起电池单体20之间的热扩散，进而引起电池10爆炸。
因此，该面积S2不宜设置过大或者过小，例如，避让区131在垂直于第一壁21的方向上的投影面积S2满足：50mm 2≤S2/n≤10000mm 2；再例如，该面积S2还可以满足：250mm 2≤S2/n≤6000mm 2。具体地，S2/n的值通常可以设置为50mm 2、100mm 2、150mm 2、200mm 2、250mm 2、300mm 2、350mm 2、400mm 2、450mm 2、500mm 2、600mm 2、700mm 2、800mm 2、900mm 2、1000mm 2、1200mm 2、1500mm 2、1920mm2、2000mm 2、2380mm2、3000mm 2、4000mm 2、5000mm 2、5500mm 2、6000mm 2、7000mm 2、8000mm 2、9000mm 2或者10000mm 2。
上文中结合附图对本申请实施例的附接结构13的避让区131与泄压机构211之间的对应关系进行描述，下文中将结合附图，对本申请实施例的附接结构13进行详细描述。
如图2至图5所述，本申请实施例的箱体11包括电气腔11a，该电气腔11a可以用于容纳电池单体20，另外，该电气腔11a还可以用于容纳其他部件，例如，可以用于容纳汇流部件30，即电气腔11a提供电池单体20和汇流部件30的安装空间。该汇流部件30用于实现多个电池单体20之间的电连接，例如并联或串联或混联。汇流部件30可通过连接电池单体20的电极端子212实现电池单体20之间的电连接。在一些实施例中，汇流部件30可通过焊接固定于电池单体20的电极端子212。
本申请实施例的每个电池单体20可以包括至少两个电极端子212，该至少两个两个电极端子212分别包括至少一个正电极端子212a和至少一个负电极端子212b。本申请实施例的电极端子212用于与电池单体20内部的电极组件的极耳电连接，以输出电能。
应理解，本申请实施例的每个电极端子212可以设置在任意一个壁上，并且，多个电极端子212可以设置在电池单体20的同一个壁上或者不同壁上。例如，如图2至图6所示，以每个电池单体20包括两个电极端子212为例，该两个电极端子212可以位于同一个壁。具体地，该两个电极端子212可以位于与第一壁21相对的壁，以使第一壁21的泄压机构211致动时，不会影响两个电极端子212，或者对两个电极端子212的影响较小，以避免电池单体20之间的短路。或者，不同于图2至图6所示，电池单体20包括的两个电极端子212也可以位于其他的壁，本申请实施例并不限于此。
再例如，同样以每个电池单体20包括两个电极端子212为例，不同于图2至图6所示，该两个电极端子212也可以位于不同的壁。例如，电池单体20的两个电极端子212可以分别位于该电池单体20的相对设置的两个壁。或者，该电池单体20的两个 电极端子212也可以位于相交的两个壁，本申请实施例并不限于此。
可选地，如图2至图6所示，对电气腔11a不同，本申请实施例的箱体11还可以包括：收集腔11b，用于在泄压机构211致动时收集和/或处理经过泄压机构211排出的排放物。例如，收集腔11b可以用于在泄压机构211致动时收集来自电池单体20的排放物，再将排放物排出至电池10外部。收集腔11b用于收集排放物，且可以是密封或非密封的。在一些实施例中，该收集腔11b内可以包含空气，或者其他气体。可选地，该收集腔11b内也可以包含液体，比如冷却介质，或者，设置容纳该液体的部件，以对进入收集腔11b的排放物进一步降温。进一步可选地，收集腔11b内的气体或者液体是循环流动的。
可选地，如图2至图6所示，本申请实施例的电池10还包括：隔离部件114，用于隔离电气腔11a和收集腔11b。其中，这里所谓的“隔离”指分离，可以不是密封的。具体地，采用隔离部件114隔离电气腔11a和收集腔11b，也就是说，用于容纳电池单体20的电气腔11a与收集排放物的收集腔11b是相互分离的。
在本申请实施例中，隔离部件114可以包括电气腔11a和收集腔11b共用的壁。如图2至图6所示，隔离部件114(或其一部分)可以直接作为电气腔11a和收集腔11b共用的壁，这样，可以尽可能减少电气腔11a和收集腔11b之间的距离，节省空间，提高箱体11的空间利用率。
可选地，本申请实施例的隔离部件114可以为热管理部件，该热管理部件用于为电池单体20调节温度。具体地，该隔离部件114可以用于容纳流体以给电池单体20调节温度。在给电池单体20降温的情况下，该隔离部件114可以容纳冷却介质以给电池单体20调节温度，此时，隔离部件114也可以称为冷却部件、冷却系统或冷却板等。另外，隔离部件114也可以用于加热，本申请实施例对此并不限定。可选的，隔离部件114中的流体可以是循环流动的，以达到更好的温度调节的效果。
应理解，本申请实施例的箱体11可以通过多种方式实现，本申请实施例对此不做限定。例如，以图2至图6为例，对于电气腔11a，箱体11可以包括具有开口的第一罩体110，隔离部件114盖合该第一罩体110的开口，这样，用于形成电气腔11a的壁包括该第一罩体110和该隔离部件114。其中，该第一罩体110也可以通过多种方式实现。例如，该第一罩体110可以为一端开口的中空一体式结构；或者，该第一罩体110也可以包括第一部分111和相对的两侧分别具有开口的第二部分112，第一部分111盖合第二部分112的一侧开口，以形成一端开口的第一罩体110，而隔离部件114盖合第二部分112的另一侧开口，以形成电气腔11a。而对应的收集腔11b，箱体11还可以包括：防护构件115，防护构件115用于防护隔离部件114，该防护构件115可以与隔离部件114形成收集腔11b，即该收集腔11b的壁包括防护构件115与隔离部件114。
再例如，不同于上述如图2至图6所示方式，箱体11也可以包括封闭的第二罩体，该第二罩体可以用于形成电气腔11a，或者，通过将隔离部件114设置于该罩体内部，将罩体内部隔离出电气腔11a，进一步地，也可以隔离出收集腔11b。其中，该第二罩体也可以通过多种方式实现，例如，该第二罩体可以包括第三部分和第四部分， 第四部分的一侧具有开口以形成半封闭结构，隔离部件114设置于第四部分的内部，第三部分盖合第四部分的开口，进而形成封闭的第二罩体。
为了便于描述，本申请主要以如图2至图6所示的箱体11为例进行描述，本申请实施例并不限于此。具体地，本申请实施例的电池10可以包括：箱体11，该箱体11包括第一罩体110、隔离部件114和防护构件115，其中，第一罩体110和隔离部件114可以用于形成电气腔11a，隔离部件114和防护构件115可以用于形成收集腔11b。该第一罩体110还包括包括第一部分111和相对的两侧分别具有开口的第二部分112，其中，第一部分111用于盖合第二部分112的一侧开口，以形成一端开口的第一罩体110，而隔离部件114用于盖合第二部分112的另一侧开口，以形成电气腔11a。
在本申请实施例中，电气腔11a具有多个壁，而泄压机构211设置于电池单体20的第一壁21，该第一壁21可以为电池单体20的朝向电气腔11a的任意一个壁。应理解，本申请实施例的电池单体20的形状可以根据实际应用进行设置。例如，本申请主要以长方形电池单体20为例进行描述，但本申请实施例并不限于此，例如，电池单体20还可以为圆柱体或者其他形状。该第一壁21为电池单体20的任意一个壁。
在本申请实施例中，如图2至图6所示，电气腔11a包括第二壁12，第一壁21面向第二壁12。具体地，电池单体20的泄压机构211朝向电气腔11a的第二壁12，而非朝向其他电池单体20，这样可以便于在电气腔11a的壁上设置避让结构，用于为泄压机构211提供变形的避让空间，能够提高电池10的空间利用率，也可以降低发生热失控的电池单体20引起其他电池单体20发生热失控的风险，提高电池10的安全性。
例如，图2至图6中以泄压机构211所在的电池单体20的第一壁21朝向隔离部件114为例，即隔离部件114用于形成第二壁12的至少部分。具体地，如图2至图6所示，泄压机构211设置在电池单体20的第一壁21，该第一壁21为电池单体20的底壁；隔离部件114用作该电气腔11a的第二壁12的至少部分，该第一壁21面向隔离部件114。这样，经过泄压机构211的排放物可以经过隔离部件114排出电气腔11a。为了便于描述，本申请实施例主要以该第二壁12为隔离部件114为例，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
例如，该第二壁12还可以为箱体11的电气腔11a的其他壁。例如，该第二壁12还可以为第二部分112的任意一个壁。
再例如，如图2至图6所示，箱体11还包括至少一个梁113，梁113位于多个电池单体20之间，梁113可以用于增加箱体11的结构强度。另外，梁113还可以用于将电气腔11a分隔成至少两个子电气腔。例如，图2至图6的箱体11中设置有一个梁113时，该梁113可以将电气腔11a分隔为左右两个子电气腔，则该梁113也可以看作该电气腔11a的一个壁。
因此，该第二壁12还可以为梁113，本申请实施例并不限于此。具体地，梁113可以为中空结构，则该中空结构可以用于形成收集腔11b，即梁113包括电气腔11a和收集腔11b共用的壁。具体地，隔离部件114和防护构件115可以用于形成收集腔11b的一部分，而该梁113的中空结构也可以用于形成收集腔11b的一部分，即隔离部件114和防护构件115形成的部分收集腔11b与梁113的中空结构相连通，则泄压机构 211朝向该梁113设置时，即梁113作为第二壁12面向泄压机构211所在的第一壁21时，经过泄压机构211排出的排放物可以经过梁113进入收集腔11b。
应理解，为了便于说明，本申请实施例主要以隔离部件114用作第二壁12为例，但本申请实施例并不限于此，相关描述同样适用于梁113作为第二壁12或者其他电气腔11a的壁为第二壁12的情况，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
在本申请实施例中，附接结构13包括第二壁12，即该第二壁12可以设置有避让区131，该避让区131对应至少一个电池单体20的泄压机构211，以便于经过泄压机构211的排放物可以再经过该第二壁12的避让区131排出。通过合理设置该第二壁12上的避让区131的面积的大小，可以使排放物及时并快速排出，避让发生热扩散和爆炸，提高电池10的安全性。并且，在该第二壁12为隔离部件114的情况下，排放物可以经过该隔离部件14排出至收集腔11b；另外，在该隔离部件114为热管理部件时，通过合理设置避让区131的面积，例如，设置该避让区131的面积不宜过大，可以避免过多的避让区131会使该热管理部件的用于容纳流体的流道的空间过小，进而影响该热管理部件的温度调节的效率。
应理解，本申请实施例的避让区131可以通过多种方式实现。例如，如图2至图6所示，避让区131包括贯穿第二壁12的通孔121，贯穿方向为第二壁12的厚度方向，通孔121用于在泄压机构211致动时，使得从泄压机构211排出的排放物经过通孔121排出电气腔11a。避让区131包括该第二壁12上设置的通孔121，一方面便于加工，另一方面，该通孔121为泄压机构211提供变形空间的同时，还可以使得经过泄压机构211排出的排放物可以快速通过该通孔121而排出。
可选地，图7示出了本申请实施例的电池10的另一结构示意图，如图7所示，与图2所示的电池10的区别在于，该电池10还可以包括密封结构122。具体地，如图7所示，第二壁12设置有密封结构122，密封结构122用于密封通孔121，密封结构122用于在泄压机构211致动时被破坏，以使排放物穿过通孔121。考虑到该避让区131包括通孔121时，会导致泄压机构211暴露，那么，在电池10使用过程中，泄压机构211容易受到外部环境影响，进而可能导致泄压机构211失效。因此，通过设置的该密封结构122，一方面可以在电池单体20正常使用过程中，保持电气腔11a的密封性，保护泄压机构211不被外部环境影响；另一方面，在电池单体20发生热失控时，该密封结构122能够被及时破坏，以露出通孔121，则电池单体20的排放物能够穿过该通孔121排出电气腔11a，避免热失控，提高了电池10的安全性。
可选地，本申请实施例的密封结构122的位置可以根据实际应用进行设置。例如，如图7所示，密封结构122设置在第二壁12的朝向第一壁21的表面，和/或，密封结构122设置在第二壁12的远离第一壁21的表面，以便于加工。另外，如图7所示，如图7所示，密封结构122设置在第二壁12的远离第一壁21的表面时，泄压机构211与密封结构122之间的距离能够为泄压机构211致动提供变形空间，避免影响泄压机构211。而密封结构122设置在第二壁12的朝向第一壁21的表面时，密封结构122距离泄压机构211较近，能够被泄压机构211的排放物快速破坏，例如，能够快速响应于电池单体20的温度，而使密封结构122被快速熔化，可以避免影响泄压机构211致 动，并可以及时排出排放物，例如，可以及时排出排放物至收集腔11b。
可选地，本申请实施例的避让区131还可以通过其他方式实现。图8示出了本申请实施例的电池10的再一结构示意图，如图8所示，该避让区131还可以通过凹槽的方式实现。具体地，避让区131包括第二壁12的开口朝向泄压机构211的凹槽123，凹槽123用于在泄压机构211致动时被破坏，以使从泄压机构211排出的排放物穿过第二壁12排出电气腔11a。这样，该凹槽123的开口朝向泄压机构211，凹槽123内部能够为该泄压机构211提供变形空间，以便于泄压机构211致动并排出排放物。
应理解，该避让区131所在附接结构13包括第二壁12时，该第二壁12与第一壁21之间可以直接接触，或者还可以设置有其他结构，例如，该第二壁12与第一壁21之间可以设置有连接结构，以用于连接和固定该第二壁12与第一壁21。
图9示出了本申请实施例的电池10的另一分解结构示意图。与图3不同的是，如图9所示，电池10还包括：连接结构14，连接结构14设置在第一壁21与第二壁12之间，附接结构13包括连接结构14。在第一壁21和第二壁12之间设置连接结构14，一方面可以在电池单体20未发生热失控时，通过该连接结构14实现第一壁21和第二壁12之间的相对固定，以及第一壁21和第二壁12之间的密封性，另一方面，附接结构13可以包括该连接结构14，即该连接结构14包括避让区131，可以避免该连接结构14对泄压机构211的遮挡，以便于排放物可以顺利排出。
例如，如图9所示，连接结构14设置有对应于泄压机构211的避让开口141，避让区131包括避让开口141。避让开口141能够为泄压机构211致动时提供变形空间，以避免连接结构14遮挡该泄压机构211而造成泄压机构211致动不及时，并且可以通过该避让开口141快速排出经过泄压机构211的排放物。
应理解，本申请实施例的连接结构14可以通过多种方式实现。例如，连接结构14用于在泄压机构211致动时，阻止从泄压机构211排出的排放物进入电气腔11a。该连接结构14可以用作密封件，尤其在泄压机构211致动时，连接结构14位于第一壁21和第二壁12之间，可以阻止排放物通过该连接结构14进入电气腔11a。这样，经过泄压机构211的排放物可以分别通过连接结构14的避让开口141以及第二壁12直接排出电气腔11a，例如可以直接排出至收集腔11b，避免排放物进入电气腔11a后造成电气腔11a的电池单体20发生短路而引起热扩散甚至爆炸，还能够集中收集排放物，以便于集中处理该排放物，避免排放物对电池10内其他部件的影响，提高电池10的安全性。
再例如，连接结构14用于在泄压机构211致动时，将从泄压机构211排出的排放物排至电气腔11a。这样，可以降低该连接结构14对密封性的要求，便于实现；并且，将部分排放物通过连接结构14排至电气腔11a，同时也将部分排放物经过该连接结构14和第二壁12排出电气腔11a，既能够加快排放速度，降低电池10爆炸的风险，又可以实现定向以及分散排放，避免排放物对其他部件的影响，以提高电池10的安全性和稳定性。
通过该连接结构14将排放物排至电气腔11a可以通过多种方式实现。例如，图10示出了本申请实施例的电池10的局部结构示意图，并且图10所示的电池10可以为 图9所示的电池10，该图10所述的方向与图9所示的方向相反。如图10所示，连接结构14设置有流道142，流道142用于在泄压机构211致动时，将从泄压机构211排出的排放物排至电气腔11a。经过泄压机构211排出的排放物可以通过流道142排至电气腔11a内，这样，通过合理设置该流道142的位置，可以实现排放物的定向排放，减少排放物对电气腔11a内个别部件的影响，进而提高电池10的安全性。
具体地，如图10所示，本申请实施例的流道142包括贯穿连接结构14的通孔和/或凹槽，既便于加工，又可以使得排放物快速通过。
应理解，本申请实施例的流道142的尺寸可以根据实际应用进行设置。例如，流道142的径向尺寸小于或者等于2mm，该流道142的径向垂直于排放物在流道142内的流动方向，以避免流道142尺寸过大，也就避免流经该流道142的排放物过量，也可以避免流经该流道142的排放物颗粒尺寸较大，对排放物具有过滤作用，进而可以降低热失控电池单体10的排放物对其他电池单体20的影响，尽量避免电池10的热扩散。具体地，若该流道142为通孔，则该流道142的径向尺寸可以为该流道142的孔径的最大值；若该流道142为凹槽，则该流道142的径向尺寸可以为该凹槽的深度或者凹槽的宽度的最大值，本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，流道142内可以设置有填充物，这样，通过合理设置该填充物的熔点，该填充物在泄压机构211未致动时能够用于密封流道142，而在泄压机构211致动时能够被破坏，例如被熔化，以使流道142流导通，那么，在电池单体20未发生热失控时，可以提高电气腔11a的密封性，以避免电池单体20被影响或者破坏。其中，该填充物的材料可以根据实际应用进行选择，例如，该填充物的材料可以包括发泡胶和/或塑料，但本申请实施例并不限于此。
在本申请实施例中，以流道142为设置在连接结构14上的凹槽为例。如图10所示，连接结构14可以包括多个流道142，该多个流道142可以包括：设置在连接结构14的朝向第一壁21的表面的凹槽，即凹槽的开口朝向第一壁21的表面；和/或，设置在连接结构14的朝向第二壁12的表面的凹槽，即凹槽的开口朝向第二壁12。例如，图10中以流道142为设置在连接结构14的朝向第二壁12的表面的凹槽为例，即凹槽的开口朝向第二壁12。
在一些实施例中，连接结构14设置有沿至少一个方向延伸的多个流道142，至少一个方向平行于第一壁21，也就是说，在连接结构14的面积较大的表面上设置沿一个或者多个方向延伸的多个流道142。设置多个流道142可以分散排放物的排放方向，避免高温排放物朝向单一方向排放时，对该方向上的部件的破坏。
应理解，本申请实施例的流道142的延伸方向可以根据实际应用进行设置。例如，可以根据电池单体20的电极端子212与泄压机构211的位置关系，合理设置流道142的延伸方向，避免排放物对电极端子212以及连接电极端子212的汇流部件30的影响。
例如，如图10所示，若电极端子212与泄压机构211不位于同一个壁，并且电极端子212所在的壁与第一壁21也不相交，例如，该电极端子212所在的壁与第一壁21相对设置时，该流道142的延伸方向可以不受限制。例如，流道142可以包括：连 接结构14上设置的一个或者多个沿第一方向X延伸的X向第一流道142a；和/或，该连接结构14上设置的一个或者多个沿第二方向Y延伸的Y向第二流道142b；或者，流道142还可以包括该连接结构14设置的其他方向的流道，本申请实施例并不限于此。其中，第一方向X和第二方向Y相互垂直，例如，如图10所示，该第一方向X可以为电池单体20的厚度方向。另外，本申请实施例的电池单体20的高度方向Z垂直于第一方向X和第二方向Y。
再例如，不同于图10所示，若电极端子212位于其他壁，例如，电极端子212位于与第一壁21相交的壁，或者电极端子212位于第一壁21，则可以通过合理设置流道142的方向，避免排放物对电极端子212的影响，例如，可以避免排放物中金属碎屑导致的连接电极端子212的不同汇流部件30之间的短路，进而提高电池10的安全性。
可选地，连接结构14还可以通过其他方式设置。例如，连接结构14用于在泄压机构211致动时被破坏，以使第一壁21和第二壁12之间形成间隙，该间隙用于将从泄压机构211排出的排放物排至电气腔11a。通过合理选择连接结构14的材料，以获得合适的连接结构14的熔点，即可使得连接结构14在泄压机构211致动时被破坏，进而形成间隙，从而将排放物排放至电气腔11a；这样，可以不在该连接结构14上设置额外的结构，更加简便，也可以保证电池单体20在正常使用时的密封性。
具体地，本申请实施例中连接结构14被破坏可以包括：该连接结构14的至少部分被破坏。例如，在泄压机构211致动时，该连接结构14可能仅外部被破坏，露出连接结构14部分内部部件不会被破坏；或者，该连接结构14的内部结构被破坏，例如，该连接结构14可以为多层结构，多层结构中部分结构层被破坏；或者，该连接结构14也可能被全部破坏，本申请实施例并不限于此。
应理解，本申请实施例的连接结构14可以根据实际应用进行设置，例如，该连接结构14可以包括设置在第一壁21与第二壁12之间的支架、导热垫、密封垫和粘结剂中的至少一个。具体地，连接结构14可以包括设置在第一壁21与第二壁12之间的支架，以用于支撑和固定电池单体20。
可选择，连接结构14可以包括设置在第一壁21与第二壁12之间的导热垫，可以在电池10使用过程中，通过该导热垫为电池单体20散热。例如，该第二壁12为热管理部件时，则可以通过导热垫将电池单体20的热量传输至热管理部件，以及时调整该电池单体20的温度，保证电池单体20的正常使用。例如，如图10所示，连接结构14可以包括导热垫，该导热垫可以为图中设置有多个沿第二方向Y延伸的Y向第二流道142b的部分。
可选地，连接结构14可以包括设置在第一壁21与第二壁12之间的密封垫，以提高第一壁21与第二壁12之间的密封性。例如，如图10所示，连接结构14可以包括密封垫，该密封垫可以为图中有多个沿第一方向X延伸的X向第一流道142a的部分。
可选地，连接结构14可以包括设置在第一壁21与第二壁12之间的粘结剂，可以用于固定将电池单体20粘贴固定在第二壁12。例如，连接结构14包括的粘结剂可以用于将电池单体20固定在第二壁12上。
应理解，导热垫、密封垫和粘结剂可以各自单独使用，或者也可以结合使用。 例如，如图10所示，密封垫可以设置在导热垫的至少一侧边缘，例如，密封垫可以分别设置在导热垫的相对的两侧边缘，既可以用于散热，又可以提高第一壁21与第二壁12之间的密封性。并且，粘结剂可以用于将密封垫和导热垫固定于电池单体20或者固定于第二壁12，以提高电池10的稳定性。
应理解，本申请实施例的导热垫的材料、密封垫的材料以及粘结剂的材料均可以根据实际应用进行选择。例如，导热垫的材料可以包括导热硅胶。再例如，密封垫的材料包括以下至少一个：硅橡胶、聚丙烯(polypropylene，PP)、可溶性聚四氟乙烯(Polyfluoroalkoxy，PFA)和聚酰亚胺(Polyimide，PI)。例如，粘结剂的材料包括以下至少一种：环氧型结构胶、丙烯酸酯结构胶、聚酰亚胺结构胶、马来酰亚胺结构胶、聚氨酯结构胶和亚格力胶水。再例如，粘结剂层的材料包括聚合物胶和导热材料，聚合物胶的材料包括以下至少一种：环氧树脂、有机硅胶、聚酰亚胺，导热材料包括以下至少一种：Al2O3、ZnO、BeO、AlN、Si3N4、BN、SiC、B4C、碳纳米管和石墨纳米片，本申请实施例并不限于此。
在本申请实施例中，电池单体20的第一壁21设置有泄压机构211，附接于该第一壁21的附接结构13设置有避让区131，该避让区131满足：0.3≤S2/(n*S1)≤8.5，因此，通过合理设置该避让区131的面积大小，能够提高该电池10的安全性。
具体地，若S2/(n*S1)设置过小，例如小于0.3，则可能存在泄压机构211的面积较大，而与该泄压机构211对应的避让区131的面积较小的情况。这样，一方面可能导致该避让区131无法为泄压机构211提供足够大的变形空间，这会导致泄压机构211至少部分被避让区131遮挡，而无法被正常动作，进而导致电池单体20内部的排放物无法及时排出。另一方面，在泄压机构211能够正常动作的情况下，由于避让区131面积较小，可能导致排放物无法快速通过该避让区131排出，即在该避让区131处存在排放瓶颈，同样会导致电池单体20内部的排放物无法及时排出。因此，这两种情况都可能导致电池单体热20失控后发生热扩散，进而引起电池10爆炸，影响了电池10的安全性。
相反地，若S2/(n*S1)设置过大，例如，大于8.5，则可能存在泄压机构211的面积过小的情况，或者与该泄压机构211对应的避让区131的面积过大的情况。若泄压机构211面积过小，会导致电池单20内部的排放物无法及时并快速地从电池单体20内排出，进而导致电池单体20热失控后发生热扩散，进而引起电池10爆炸，影响了电池10的安全性。而避让区131的面积过大，则会降低该避让区131所在的附接结构13的刚度及强度，影响该附接结构13的性能，例如，可能会影响该附接结构13对电池单体10的支撑作用。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本申请进行了描述，但在不脱离本申请的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本申请并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括：
    箱体(11)，包括电气腔(11a)；
    电池单体(20)，容纳于所述电气腔(11a)，所述电池单体(20)的第一壁(21)设置有泄压机构(211)；
    附接结构(13)，附接于所述第一壁(21)，所述附接结构(13)设置有避让区(131)，所述避让区(131)用于为至少一个所述电池单体(20)的所述泄压机构(211)提供变形空间，所述避让区(131)满足：0.3≤S2/(n*S1)≤8.5，
    其中，S1为所述泄压机构(211)在垂直于所述第一壁(21)的方向上的投影面积，S2为所述避让区(131)在垂直于所述第一壁(21)的方向上的投影面积，n为所述避让区(131)对应的泄压机构(211)的数量，n为正整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池，其特征在于，所述避让区(131)满足：0.8≤S2/(n*S1)≤4。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池，其特征在于，所述泄压机构(211)在垂直于所述第一壁(21)的方向上的投影面积S1的取值范围为[50mm 2，3000mm 2]。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述避让区(131)在垂直于所述第一壁(21)的方向上的投影面积S2满足：50mm 2≤S2/n≤10000mm 2。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述避让区(131)对应多个所述泄压机构(211)。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电气腔(11a)包括第二壁(12)，所述第一壁(21)面向所述第二壁(12)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池，其特征在于，所述附接结构(13)包括所述第二壁(12)。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池，其特征在于，所述避让区(131)包括贯穿所述第二壁(12)的通孔(121)，贯穿方向为所述第二壁(12)的厚度方向，所述通孔(121)用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时，使得从所述泄压机构(211)排出的排放物经过所述通孔(121)排出所述电气腔(11a)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池，其特征在于，所述第二壁(12)设置有密封结构(122)，所述密封结构(122)用于密封所述通孔(121)，所述密封结构(122)用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时被破坏，以使所述排放物穿过所述通孔(121)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池，其特征在于，所述密封结构(122)设置在所述第二壁(12)的朝向所述第一壁(21)的表面，和/或，
    所述密封结构(122)设置在所述第二壁(12)的远离所述第一壁(21)的表面。
  11. 根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述避让区(131)包括所述第二壁(12)的开口朝向所述泄压机构(211)的凹槽(123)，所述凹槽(123)用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时被破坏，以使从所述泄压机构(211)排出 的排放物穿过所述第二壁(12)排出所述电气腔(11a)。
  12. 根据权利要求6至11中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括：
    连接结构(14)，所述连接结构(14)设置在所述第一壁(21)与所述第二壁(12)之间，所述附接结构(13)包括所述连接结构(14)。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池，其特征在于，所述连接结构(14)设置有对应于所述泄压机构(211)的避让开口(141)，所述避让区(131)包括所述避让开口(141)。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的电池，其特征在于，所述连接结构(14)用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时，阻止从所述泄压机构(211)排出的排放物进入所述电气腔(11a)。
  15. 根据权利要求12或13所述的电池，其特征在于，所述连接结构(14)用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时，将从所述泄压机构(211)排出的排放物排至所述电气腔(11a)。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池，其特征在于，所述连接结构(14)设置有流道(142)，所述流道(142)用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时，将从所述泄压机构(211)排出的排放物排至所述电气腔(11a)。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的电池，其特征在于，所述连接结构(14)用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时被破坏，以使所述第一壁(21)和所述第二壁(12)之间形成间隙，所述间隙用于将从所述泄压机构(211)排出的排放物排至所述电气腔(11a)。
  18. 根据权利要求6至17中任一项所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括：
    收集腔(11b)，用于在所述泄压机构(211)致动时收集来自所述电池单体(20)的排放物。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电池还包括：
    隔离部件(114)，用于隔离所述电气腔(11a)和所述收集腔(11b)。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电池，其特征在于，所述隔离部件(114)形成为所述第二壁(12)的至少部分。
  21. 一种用电设备，其特征在于，包括：
    根据权利要求1至20中任一项所述的电池，所述电池用于为所述用电设备提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/110331 2022-08-04 2022-08-04 电池和用电设备 Ceased WO2024026780A1 (zh)

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