WO2024041445A1 - 电池功率限制保护方法、系统及存储介质 - Google Patents

电池功率限制保护方法、系统及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024041445A1
WO2024041445A1 PCT/CN2023/113557 CN2023113557W WO2024041445A1 WO 2024041445 A1 WO2024041445 A1 WO 2024041445A1 CN 2023113557 W CN2023113557 W CN 2023113557W WO 2024041445 A1 WO2024041445 A1 WO 2024041445A1
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Prior art keywords
power
voltage
limit
coefficient
battery
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2023/113557
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李建杰
武涛
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Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Sunwoda Mobility Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to EP23856535.2A priority Critical patent/EP4503373A4/en
Priority to US18/871,306 priority patent/US20260077678A1/en
Publication of WO2024041445A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024041445A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power battery management, and in particular to a battery power limitation protection method, system and storage medium.
  • the battery power limit protection in the battery management system is based on the voltage segmented power limiting method, which divides the battery voltage range into different voltage ranges, and sets different power limiting coefficients for different voltage ranges. The closer to the voltage alarm area limit The larger the power coefficient, the effect of segmented power limitation is achieved.
  • this voltage segmented power limiting method has high requirements on the selection of voltage segmentation interval points and the selection of power limiting coefficients within the voltage segmentation interval. Since there is only one fixed voltage limitation coefficient in a certain voltage range, it is easy to happen that the power limit in a certain voltage range cannot be limited, and the power limit in the next voltage range is lower. This method has low power limiting accuracy and poor battery protection effect.
  • this application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art. To this end, this application proposes a battery power limit protection method, system and storage medium that can automatically adapt to the voltage limit power range at different temperatures and obtain the power limit coefficient in real time based on the cell voltage extreme value and the voltage limit power range. It improves the control accuracy of the actual available power and improves the battery protection effect.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery power limitation protection method, which is applied to a complete vehicle.
  • the complete vehicle is equipped with a battery management system.
  • the method includes:
  • the actual available power that the battery management system allows the entire vehicle to use is obtained.
  • the battery management system allows the entire vehicle to use based on the maximum available power and power limitation coefficient.
  • the voltage limit power range at different temperatures can be automatically adapted.
  • the power limit coefficient can be obtained in real time based on the cell voltage extreme value and the voltage limit power range. This improves the control accuracy of the actual available power and reduces the battery usage voltage. It is controlled within a safe range, thus improving the protection effect of the battery and achieving the effect of slowing down the aging of the battery.
  • P represents the actual available power
  • Power Max represents the maximum available power
  • Limt Rate represents the power limitation coefficient
  • the battery power limit includes a discharge power limit and a charging power limit.
  • the power limit coefficient is a first power limit coefficient
  • the cell voltage extreme value is The minimum cell voltage
  • the voltage limit power interval includes the discharge power limit starting voltage, the discharge power limit cut-off voltage and the discharge power limit recovery voltage; the voltage limit corresponding to the cell voltage extreme value and the temperature data Power range, determine the power limit coefficient, including:
  • the minimum cell voltage is compared with the discharge power limit starting voltage, the discharge power limit cut-off voltage and the discharge power limit recovery voltage respectively to determine a first power limit coefficient.
  • the minimum cell voltage is compared with the discharge power limit starting voltage, the discharge power limit cut-off voltage and the discharge power limit recovery voltage, respectively, to determine the first power Limiting coefficients, including:
  • the first power limitation coefficient is the initial discharge power limitation coefficient
  • the first power limiting coefficient is zero
  • the first power limitation coefficient is calculated according to the first voltage power limitation formula
  • the first power limitation coefficient is the initial discharge power limitation coefficient.
  • the first voltage power limiting formula is as follows:
  • Limit Rate1 represents the first power limit coefficient
  • Vltg Min represents the minimum cell voltage
  • V 1 represents the discharge power limit starting voltage
  • V 2 represents the discharge power limit cut-off voltage
  • Limit Rate3 represents the is the initial discharge power limiting coefficient
  • the battery power limit includes a discharge power limit and a charging power limit.
  • the power limit coefficient is a second power limit coefficient
  • the cell voltage extreme value is The maximum cell voltage
  • the voltage limit power interval includes the charging power limit starting voltage, the charging power limit cut-off voltage and the charging power limit recovery voltage; the voltage limit corresponding to the cell voltage extreme value and the temperature data Power range, determine the power limit coefficient, including:
  • the maximum cell voltage is compared with the charging power limit starting voltage, the charging power limit cut-off voltage and the charging power limit recovery voltage respectively to determine the second power limiting coefficient.
  • the maximum cell voltage is compared with the charging power limit starting voltage, the charging power limit cut-off voltage and the charging power limit recovery voltage to determine the second power Limiting coefficients, including:
  • the second power limiting coefficient is the initial charging power limiting coefficient
  • the second power limit coefficient is zero
  • the second power limiting coefficient is calculated according to the second voltage power limiting formula
  • the second power limiting coefficient is the initial charging power limiting coefficient.
  • the first voltage power limiting formula is as follows:
  • Limit Rate2 represents the second power limitation coefficient
  • Vltg Max represents the maximum cell voltage
  • V4 represents the charging power limit starting voltage
  • V5 represents the charging power limit cut-off voltage
  • Limit Rate4 represents the The initial charging power limiting coefficient is described.
  • the battery power limit protection system includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program.
  • the battery power limiting protection method described in the first aspect is implemented during the program.
  • the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are used to cause the computer to perform the battery power limitation described in the first aspect. Protection methods.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a battery power limitation protection method provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the voltage range division of the battery core provided by the embodiment of the present application at 25°C;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic flowchart of obtaining the first power limitation coefficient provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic flowchart of a specific process for obtaining the first power limitation coefficient provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 5 is a logical schematic diagram of linear power reduction provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic flowchart of obtaining the second power limitation coefficient provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic flowchart of a specific process for obtaining the second power limitation coefficient provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a logical schematic diagram of linear power reduction provided by another embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery power limit protection in the battery management system is based on the voltage segmented power limiting method, which divides the battery voltage range into different voltage ranges, and sets different power limiting coefficients for different voltage ranges. The closer to the voltage alarm area limit The larger the power coefficient, the effect of segmented power limitation is achieved.
  • this voltage segmented power limiting method has high requirements on the selection of voltage segmentation interval points and the selection of power limiting coefficients within the voltage segmentation interval. Since there is only one fixed voltage limitation coefficient in a certain voltage range, it is easy to happen that the power limit in a certain voltage range cannot be limited, and the power limit in the next voltage range is lower. This method has low power limiting accuracy and poor battery protection effect.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery power limit protection method, system and storage medium, which can automatically adapt to the voltage limit power range at different temperatures, and calculate the power in real time based on the cell voltage extreme value and the voltage limit power range.
  • the limiting coefficient improves the control accuracy of the actual available power and improves the battery protection effect.
  • the first embodiment of the present application specifically provides a battery power limiting protection method, as shown in Figure 1 .
  • the battery power limitation protection method is applied to the entire vehicle, which is equipped with a battery management system.
  • the method includes but is not limited to the following steps:
  • Step S100 periodically obtain the current temperature data, state of charge and cell voltage extreme value of the battery
  • Step S200 Calculate the current maximum available power according to the temperature data and state of charge; wherein the maximum available power includes the maximum discharge power and the maximum charging power;
  • Step S300 determine the power limitation coefficient according to the voltage limit power interval corresponding to the cell voltage extreme value and the temperature data
  • Step S400 Obtain the actual available power that the battery management system allows the entire vehicle to use based on the maximum available power and the power limitation coefficient.
  • the battery power limitation protection method provided by this implementation is applied to the battery management system of pure electric or hybrid new energy vehicles.
  • the battery management system controls the maximum discharge power and maximum feedback power of the vehicle through the actual available power to avoid battery failure. Overdischarge or overcharge occurs; this battery power limiting protection method can automatically adapt to the voltage limiting power range at different temperatures, and calculate the power limiting coefficient in real time based on the cell voltage extreme value and the voltage limiting power range, improving The control accuracy of the actual available power controls the battery voltage within a safe range, thereby improving the protection effect of the battery and slowing down the aging of the battery.
  • the extreme value of the cell voltage is the voltage value closest to the protection critical voltage among multiple cell voltages.
  • the cell voltage extreme value in the discharge power limit is the minimum cell voltage among all cells of multiple battery modules in the current battery
  • the cell voltage extreme value in the charging power limit is the multiple cells in the current battery.
  • the battery includes at least one battery module, the battery module includes at least one battery cell, and the charging power limit is the feedback power. rate limit.
  • the battery voltage range can be divided into seven different voltage ranges at different temperatures.
  • the battery voltage range is divided into a normal voltage range and a voltage limit range at a temperature of 25°C.
  • Power area, voltage alarm area, overcharge area, and over-discharge area among them, the voltage limit power area includes the overvoltage power limit area and the undervoltage power limit area, and the voltage alarm area includes the overvoltage alarm area and undervoltage alarm area.
  • the battery when the battery is in the normal voltage range, the battery can be used normally, and the power output by the battery management system, that is, the battery output power, is not limited; when the battery is in the voltage limit power area and the voltage is abnormal, the power output by the battery management system, that is, the battery output The power is limited; when the battery is in the voltage alarm area, the battery management system will send out a fault alarm signal and limit the power output; when the battery is in the overcharge area, the voltage is already in an overcharge state, and the aging of the battery will be accelerated when the battery is used in this range. ; When the battery is in the over-discharge area, the voltage is already in an over-discharge state. When the battery is used in this range, the aging of the battery will also be accelerated. Therefore, the battery management system must limit the battery output power in the voltage limit power area to prevent the voltage trend from deteriorating.
  • the battery power limit protection in the battery management system uses the voltage segmented power limiting method to re-segment the voltage interval in different temperature ranges and redistribute the limiting proportional coefficient, so that the voltage segmented limit is applied.
  • the power method is more complicated.
  • the battery power limit protection method provided by this embodiment can be adapted to different temperature ranges according to logic. According to the currently collected cell voltage extreme value, the corresponding power limit coefficient can be automatically obtained for the voltage range at the current temperature, making it possible to use this The battery power limit protection method is more convenient and simple.
  • the battery power limitation protection method includes discharge power limitation protection and charging power limitation protection, and charging power limitation protection is feedback power limitation protection.
  • Temp is the abbreviation of temperature, translated as temperature, indicating temperature data
  • SOC is the abbreviation of State of Charge, translated as state of charge.
  • P represents the actual available power
  • Power Max represents the maximum available power
  • Limit Rate represents the power limit coefficient
  • the battery power limit includes a discharge power limit and a charging power limit.
  • the power limit coefficient is the first power limit coefficient
  • the cell voltage extreme value is the minimum cell voltage
  • the power interval includes the discharge power limit starting voltage, the discharge power limit cut-off voltage and the discharge power limit recovery voltage; step S400 includes but is not limited to the following steps:
  • Step S410 Compare the minimum cell voltage with the discharge power limit starting voltage, the discharge power limit cut-off voltage, and the discharge power limit recovery voltage to determine the first power limit coefficient.
  • the first power limitation coefficient becomes smaller and smaller.
  • the first power limitation coefficient still maintains the calculated value at the previous moment. Only when the minimum cell voltage rises to When the discharge power limit returns to the voltage point, the first power limit coefficient will become larger and return to the default value.
  • step S410 includes but is not limited to the following steps:
  • Step S411 obtain the initial discharge power limiting coefficient
  • Step S412 when the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to the discharge power limitation starting voltage, the first power limitation coefficient is the initial discharge power limitation coefficient
  • Step S413 when the minimum cell voltage is less than or equal to the discharge power limit cut-off voltage, the first power limit coefficient is zero;
  • Step S414 when the minimum cell voltage is between the discharge power limit starting voltage and the discharge power limit cut-off voltage, calculate the first power limit coefficient according to the first voltage power limit formula
  • Step S415 when the minimum cell voltage is greater than the discharge power limit recovery voltage, the first power limit coefficient is the initial discharge power limit coefficient.
  • the initial discharge power limitation coefficient is the default value 100%, that is, when the minimum cell voltage is greater than or equal to the discharge power limitation starting voltage, the first power limitation coefficient is 100%; when the minimum cell voltage is greater than the discharge power limit starting voltage, the first power limitation coefficient is 100%.
  • the power limit recovery voltage, the first power limit coefficient is also 100%.
  • V 1 represents the discharge power limit starting voltage
  • V 2 represents the discharge power limit cut-off voltage
  • V 3 represents the discharge power limit recovery voltage
  • Vltg Min represents the minimum cell voltage
  • Limit Rate1 represents the first Power limiting factor.
  • the battery power limitation protection method provided by this embodiment changes linearly with the minimum cell voltage collected in real time. This method is simple to operate and also improves the efficiency according to the The accuracy of the actual available power obtained by the first power limiting coefficient can be used in the entire temperature range and can be adapted to a variety of different s project.
  • discharge power limit starting voltage discharge power limit cut-off voltage
  • discharge power limit recovery voltage discharge power limit recovery voltage
  • step S414 the first voltage power limiting formula in step S414 is as follows:
  • Limit Rate1 represents the first power limit coefficient
  • Vltg Min represents the minimum cell voltage
  • V 1 represents the discharge power limit starting voltage
  • V 2 represents the discharge power limit cut-off voltage
  • Limit Rate3 represents the initial discharge power limiting coefficient
  • V 1 The units of V 2 and V 3 are both volts.
  • the initial discharge power limitation coefficient is the default value 100%. Therefore, the first voltage power limitation formula can be further expressed as follows:
  • the battery power limit includes a discharge power limit and a charging power limit.
  • the power limit coefficient is the second power limit coefficient
  • the cell voltage extreme value is the maximum cell voltage
  • the power interval includes the charging power limit starting voltage, the charging power limit cut-off voltage and the charging power limit recovery voltage; step S400 includes but is not limited to the following steps:
  • Step S420 Compare the maximum cell voltage with the charging power limit starting voltage, charging power limit cut-off voltage and charging power limit recovery voltage respectively to determine the second power limiting coefficient.
  • the second power limitation coefficient becomes larger and larger. At this time, the maximum cell voltage gradually decreases, and the second power limitation coefficient still maintains the calculated value at the previous moment. Only when the maximum cell voltage Only when the charging power limit recovery voltage is reduced to the charging power limit recovery voltage point, the second power limit coefficient will be restored to the default value.
  • step S420 includes but is not limited to the following steps:
  • Step S421 obtain the initial charging power limitation coefficient
  • Step S422 when the maximum cell voltage is less than or equal to the charging power limitation starting voltage, the second power limitation coefficient is the initial charging power limitation coefficient
  • Step S423 when the maximum cell voltage is greater than or equal to the charging power limit cut-off voltage, the second power limit coefficient is zero;
  • Step S424 when the maximum cell voltage is between the charging power limit start voltage and the charging power limit cut-off voltage, based on The second power limitation coefficient is calculated according to the second voltage power limitation formula;
  • Step S425 when the maximum cell voltage is less than the charging power limiting recovery voltage, the second power limiting coefficient is the initial charging power limiting coefficient.
  • the initial charging power limitation coefficient is the default value 100%, that is, when the maximum cell voltage is less than or equal to the charging power limitation starting voltage, the second power limitation coefficient is 100%; when the maximum cell voltage is less than the charging power limit starting voltage, the second power limitation coefficient is 100%.
  • the power limit recovery voltage, the second power limit coefficient is also 100%.
  • V4 represents the charging power limit starting voltage
  • V5 represents the charging power limit cut-off voltage
  • V6 represents the charging power limit recovery voltage
  • Vltg Max represents the maximum cell voltage
  • Limit Rate2 represents the second Power limiting factor.
  • the battery power limitation protection method provided by this embodiment changes linearly with the maximum cell voltage collected in real time. This method is simple to operate and also improves the efficiency according to the charging power limitation.
  • the second power limiting coefficient obtains the accuracy of the actual available power, and can be used in the entire temperature range, and can be adapted to a variety of different projects.
  • charging power limit starting voltage charging power limit cut-off voltage
  • charging power limit recovery voltage charging power limit recovery voltage
  • step S424 is as follows:
  • Limit Rate2 represents the second power limit coefficient
  • Vltg Max represents the maximum cell voltage
  • V 4 represents the charging power limit starting voltage
  • V 5 represents the charging power limit cut-off voltage
  • Limit Rate4 represents the initial charging power limiting coefficient
  • V 4 The units of V 5 are all volts.
  • the initial charging power limitation coefficient is the default value 100%. Therefore, the second voltage power limitation formula can further be expressed as follows:
  • the second embodiment of the present application also provides a battery power limit protection system.
  • the battery power limit protection system includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor.
  • the processor and memory may be connected via a bus or other means.
  • memory can be used to store non-transitory software programs and non-transitory computer executable programs.
  • the memory may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-transitory memory, such as at least one magnetic disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-transitory solid-state storage device.
  • the memory may optionally include memory located remotely from the processor, and the remote memory may be connected to the processor via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned networks include but are not limited to the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks and combinations thereof.
  • the non-transient software programs and instructions required to implement the battery power limit protection method of the above-described first embodiment are stored in the memory.
  • the battery power limit protection method in the above-described embodiment is executed, for example, executing The method steps S100 to S400 in FIG. 1 , the method step S410 in FIG. 3 , the method steps S411 to S415 in FIG. 4 , the method step S420 in FIG. 6 , and the method steps S421 to S425 in FIG. 7 are described above.
  • the device embodiments described above are only illustrative, and the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, that is, they may fall into one place, or they may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
  • embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions.
  • the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor or a controller, for example, implemented by the above-mentioned device. Execution by a processor in the example can cause the above processor to execute the battery power limit protection method in the above embodiment, for example, execute the above-described method steps S100 to S400 in FIG. 1, method step S410 in FIG. 3, and FIG. Method steps S411 to S415 in 4, method steps S420 in Figure 6, and method steps S421 to S425 in Figure 7.
  • Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, tapes, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or may Any other medium used to store the desired information and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media .

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Abstract

一种电池功率限制保护方法、系统及存储介质，电池功率限制保护方法应用于整车，整车设有电池管理系统，方法包括：周期性获取电池当前的温度数据、荷电状态及单体电压极值；根据温度数据和荷电状态，计算当前的最大可用功率；根据单体电压极值和温度数据对应的电压区间，确定功率限制系数；根据最大可用功率和功率限制系数，得到电池管理系统允许整车使用的实际可用功率。该方法能够根据逻辑适配不同的温度区间，根据当前采集的单体电压极值和当前温度下的电压区间即可自动求得相应的功率限制系数，提高了对实际可用功率的控制精度，进而提高了对电池的保护效果。

Description

电池功率限制保护方法、系统及存储介质
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202211030869.1、申请日为2022年08月26日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及动力电池管理技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池功率限制保护方法、系统及存储介质。
背景技术
目前，电池管理系统中对电池功率限制的保护是通过电压分段限功率方法，将电池电压区间进行分割成不同的电压区间，对不同电压区间设置不同的限功率系数，越靠近电压报警区域限功率系数越大，从而达到分段限功率的效果。但是，这种电压分段限功率方法对电压分段区间点的选取，以及电压分段区间内的功率限制系数的选取要求较高。由于某一电压区间内仅有一个固定的电压限制系数，很容易发生在某个电压区间功率限制不住，下个电压区间功率限制较低这种状况。此方法的功率限制精度较低，对电池的保护效果较差。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决相关技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种电池功率限制保护方法、系统及存储介质，可以自动适配不同温度下的电压限功率区间，根据单体电压极值和电压限功率区间实时求得功率限制系数，提高了对实际可用功率的控制精度，提高了对电池的保护效果。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电池功率限制保护方法，应用于整车，所述整车设有电池管理系统，所述方法包括：
周期获取电池当前的温度数据、荷电状态及单体电压极值；
根据所述温度数据和所述荷电状态，计算当前的最大可用功率，其中，所述最大可用功率包括最大放电功率和最大充电功率；
根据所述单体电压极值和所述温度数据对应的电压限功率区间，确定功率限制系数；
根据所述最大可用功率和所述功率限制系数，得到所述电池管理系统允许所述整车使用的实际可用功率。
根据本申请实施例中提供的一个或多个技术方案，至少具有如下有益效果：周期获取电池当前的温度数据、荷电状态及单体电压极值；根据温度数据和荷电状态，计算当前的最大可用功率；根据单体电压极值和温度数据对应的电压限功率区间，确定功率限制系数；根据最大可用功率和功率限制系数，得到电池管理系统允许整车使用的实际可用功率。通过这种方法，可以自动适配不同温度下的电压限功率区间，根据单体电压极值和电压限功率区间实时求得功率限制系数，提高了对实际可用功率的控制精度，将电池使用电压控制在安全范围内，进而提高了对电池的保护效果，并达到减缓电池老化的效果。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述根据所述最大可用功率和所述功率限制系数，得到所述电池管理系统允许所述整车使用的实际可用功率的计算公式如下：
P＝PowerMax×LimitRate，
其中，P表示所述实际可用功率，PowerMax表示所述最大可用功率，LimtRate表示所述功率限制系数。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池功率限制包括放电功率限制和充电功率限制，在所述放电功率限制中，所述功率限制系数为第一功率限制系数，所述单体电压极值为最小单体电压，所述电压限功率区间包括放电功率限制起始电压、放电功率限制截止电压和放电功率限制恢复电压；所述根据所述单体电压极值和所述温度数据对应的电压限功率区间，确定功率限制系数，包括：
将所述最小单体电压分别与所述放电功率限制起始电压、所述放电功率限制截止电压及所述放电功率限制恢复电压进行比较，确定第一功率限制系数。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述将所述最小单体电压分别与所述放电功率限制起始电压、所述放电功率限制截止电压及所述放电功率限制恢复电压进行比较，确定第一功率限制系数，包括：
获取初始放电功率限制系数；
当所述最小单体电压大于或等于所述放电功率限制起始电压，所述第一功率限制系数为所述初始放电功率限制系数；
当所述最小单体电压小于或等于所述放电功率限制截止电压，所述第一功率限制系数为零；
当所述最小单体电压在所述放电功率限制起始电压与所述放电功率限制截止电压之间， 根据第一电压功率限制公式计算得到所述第一功率限制系数；
当所述最小单体电压大于所述放电功率限制恢复电压，所述第一功率限制系数为所述初始放电功率限制系数。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一电压功率限制公式如下：
其中，LimitRate1表示所述第一功率限制系数，VltgMin表示所述最小单体电压，V1表示所述放电功率限制起始电压，V2表示所述放电功率限制截止电压，LimitRate3表示所述初始放电功率限制系数。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电池功率限制包括放电功率限制和充电功率限制，在所述充电功率限制中，所述功率限制系数为第二功率限制系数，所述单体电压极值为最大单体电压，所述电压限功率区间包括充电功率限制起始电压、充电功率限制截止电压和充电功率限制恢复电压；所述根据所述单体电压极值和所述温度数据对应的电压限功率区间，确定功率限制系数，包括：
将所述最大单体电压分别与所述充电功率限制起始电压、所述充电功率限制截止电压及所述充电功率限制恢复电压进行比较，确定第二功率限制系数。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述将所述最大单体电压分别与所述充电功率限制起始电压、所述充电功率限制截止电压及所述充电功率限制恢复电压进行比较，确定第二功率限制系数，包括：
获取初始充电功率限制系数；
当所述最大单体电压小于或等于所述充电功率限制起始电压，所述第二功率限制系数为所述初始充电功率限制系数；
当所述最大单体电压大于或等于所述充电功率限制截止电压，所述第二功率限制系数为零；
当所述最大单体电压在所述充电功率限制起始电压与所述充电功率限制截止电压之间，根据第二电压功率限制公式计算得到所述第二功率限制系数；
当所述最大单体电压小于所述充电功率限制恢复电压，所述第二功率限制系数为所述初始充电功率限制系数。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述第一电压功率限制公式如下：
其中，LimitRate2表示所述第二功率限制系数，VltgMax表示所述最大单体电压，V4表示所述充电功率限制起始电压，V5表示所述充电功率限制截止电压，LimitRate4表示所述初始充电功率限制系数。
根据本申请第二方面实施例的电池功率限制保护系统，其包括：存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如上述第一方面所述的电池功率限制保护方法。
根据本申请第三方面实施例的计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于使计算机执行上述第一方面所述的电池功率限制保护方法。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案，并不构成对申请技术方案的限制。
图1是本申请实施例提供的电池功率限制保护方法的流程示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的电芯在25℃电压区间划分示意图；
图3是本申请一个实施例提供的获取第一功率限制系数的流程示意图；
图4是本申请一个实施例提供的获取第一功率限制系数具体的流程示意图；
图5是本申请一个实施例提供的线性降功率的逻辑示意图；
图6是本申请另一个实施例提供的获取第二功率限制系数的流程示意图；
图7是本申请另一个实施例提供的获取第二功率限制系数具体的流程示意图；
图8是本申请另一个实施例提供的线性降功率的逻辑示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
需要说明的是，虽然在装置示意图中进行了功能模块划分，在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于装置中的模块划分，或流程图中的顺序执行所示出或描述 的步骤。说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
目前，电池管理系统中对电池功率限制的保护是通过电压分段限功率方法，将电池电压区间进行分割成不同的电压区间，对不同电压区间设置不同的限功率系数，越靠近电压报警区域限功率系数越大，从而达到分段限功率的效果。但是，这种电压分段限功率方法对电压分段区间点的选取，以及电压分段区间内的功率限制系数的选取要求较高。由于某一电压区间内仅有一个固定的电压限制系数，很容易发生在某个电压区间功率限制不住，下个电压区间功率限制较低这种状况。此方法的功率限制精度较低，对电池的保护效果较差。
基于此，本申请实施例提供了一种电池功率限制保护方法、系统及存储介质，可以自动适配不同温度下的电压限功率区间，根据单体电压极值和电压限功率区间实时求得功率限制系数，提高了对实际可用功率的控制精度，提高了对电池的保护效果。
下面结合附图，对本申请实施例作进一步阐述。
本申请第一方面实施例具体提供一种电池功率限制保护方法，如图1所示。电池功率限制保护方法应用于整车，整车设有电池管理系统，方法包括但不限于以下步骤：
步骤S100，周期获取电池当前的温度数据、荷电状态及单体电压极值；
步骤S200，根据温度数据和荷电状态，计算当前的最大可用功率；其中，最大可用功率包括最大放电功率和最大充电功率；
步骤S300，根据单体电压极值和温度数据对应的电压限功率区间，确定功率限制系数；
步骤S400，根据最大可用功率和功率限制系数，得到电池管理系统允许整车使用的实际可用功率。
需要说明的是，本实施提供的电池功率限制保护方法应用于纯电动或混合动力新能源汽车的电池管理系统，电池管理系统通过实际可用功率控制整车的最大放电功率与最大回馈功率，避免电池发生过放电，过充电的状况；通过该电池功率限制保护方法，可以自动适配不同温度下的电压限功率区间，根据单体电压极值和电压限功率区间实时求得功率限制系数，提高了对实际可用功率的控制精度，将电池使用电压控制在安全范围内，进而提高了对电池的保护效果，并达到减缓电池老化的效果。
需要说明的是，单体电压极值为多个单体电压中最接近保护临界电压的电压值。如在放电功率限制中的单体电压极值为当前电池中多个电池模组的所有电芯中的最小单体电压，在充电功率限制中的单体电压极值为当前电池中多个电池模组的所有电芯中的最大单体电压。其中，电池包括至少一个电池模组，电池模组包括至少一个电芯，充电功率限制即为回馈功 率限制。
需要说明的是，电池电压区间在不同的温度下可以分割成七个不同的电压区间，示例性的，参照图2，在25℃的温度下将电池电压区间分别划分为正常电压区域、电压限功率区域、电压报警区域、过充电区域、过放电区域；其中，电压限功率区域包括过压限功率区域和欠压限功率区域，电压报警区域包括过压报警区域和欠压报警区域。
具体地，当电池在正常电压区间时，电池可以正常使用，电池管理系统输出的功率即电池输出功率不受限制；当电池在电压限功率区域，电压异常，电池管理系统输出的功率即电池输出功率受到限制；当电池在电压报警区域，电池管理系统会发出故障报警信号，并限制功率输出；当电池在过充电区域，电压已处于过充电状态，电池在此区间使用时会加速电池的老化；当电池在过放电区域，电压已处于过放电状态，电池在此区间使用时也会加速电池的老化。因此，电池管理系统必须在电压限功率区域将电池输出功率进行限制，防止电压趋势继续恶化。
相关技术中，电池管理系统中对电池功率限制的保护通过电压分段限功率方法在不同的温度区间又需要重新进行电压区间分段，并重新分配限制比例系数，进而使得应用该电压分段限功率方法时比较复杂。本实施例提供的电池功率限制保护方法可以根据逻辑适配不同的温度区间，根据当前采集的单体电压极值，当前温度下的电压区间即可自动求得相应的功率限制系数，使得使用该电池功率限制保护方法时更加便捷简单。
需要说明的是，电池功率限制保护方法包括放电功率限制保护和充电功率限制保护，充电功率限制保护即为回馈功率限制保护。
示例性的，在放电功率限制保护中，根据温度数据和荷电状态，获取电池的最大放电功率可参考以下表格：

在充电功率限制保护中，根据温度数据和荷电状态，获取电池的最大充电功率可参考以下表格：
其中，Temp是temperature的缩写，译为温度，表示温度数据；SOC是State of Charge的缩写，译为荷电状态。
可以理解的是，根据最大可用功率和功率限制系数，得到电池管理系统允许整车使用的实际可用功率的计算公式如下：
P＝PowerMax×LimitRate，
其中，P表示实际可用功率，PowerMax表示最大可用功率，LimitRate表示功率限制系数。
需要说明的是，该实际可用功率的计算公式再放电功率限制保护方法和充电功率限制保护方法中均可实用。
参照图3，可以理解的是，电池功率限制包括放电功率限制和充电功率限制，在放电功率限制中，功率限制系数为第一功率限制系数，单体电压极值为最小单体电压，电压限功率区间包括放电功率限制起始电压、放电功率限制截止电压和放电功率限制恢复电压；步骤S400，包括但不限于以下步骤：
步骤S410，将最小单体电压分别与放电功率限制起始电压、放电功率限制截止电压及放电功率限制恢复电压进行比较，确定第一功率限制系数。
需要说明的是，在放电功率限制过程中第一功率限制系数越来越小，当最小单体电压逐渐回升，第一功率限制系数仍保持上一刻的计算值，只有当最小单体电压回升至放电功率限制恢复电压点时，第一功率限制系数才会变大并恢复为默认值。
参照图4至图5，可以理解的是，步骤S410，包括但不限于以下步骤：
步骤S411，获取初始放电功率限制系数；
步骤S412，当最小单体电压大于或等于放电功率限制起始电压，第一功率限制系数为初始放电功率限制系数；
步骤S413，当最小单体电压小于或等于放电功率限制截止电压，第一功率限制系数为零；
步骤S414，当最小单体电压在放电功率限制起始电压与放电功率限制截止电压之间，根据第一电压功率限制公式计算得到第一功率限制系数；
步骤S415，当最小单体电压大于放电功率限制恢复电压，第一功率限制系数为初始放电功率限制系数。
在本实施例中，初始放电功率限制系数为默认值100％，也即当最小单体电压大于或等于放电功率限制起始电压，第一功率限制系数为100％；当最小单体电压大于放电功率限制恢复电压，第一功率限制系数也为100％。
需要说明的是，参照图5，V1表示放电功率限制起始电压，V2表示放电功率限制截止电压，V3表示放电功率限制恢复电压，VltgMin表示最小单体电压，LimitRate1表示第一功率限制系数。
需要说明的是，参照图5，在放电功率限制过程中，本实施例所提供的电池功率限制保护方法随着实时采集到的最小单体电压而线性变化，该方法操作简单，也提高了根据该第一功率限制系数得到的实际可用功率的准确率，且在全温度区间均可使用，能够适配多种不同 的项目。
需要说明的是，放电功率限制起始电压、放电功率限制截止电压和放电功率限制恢复电压的取值均由电池厂商提供或根据故障报警电压点进行制定。示例性的，可参考以下表格：
可以理解的是，步骤S414中的第一电压功率限制公式如下：
其中，LimitRate1表示第一功率限制系数，VltgMin表示最小单体电压，V1表示放电功率限制起始电压，V2表示放电功率限制截止电压，LimitRate3表示初始放电功率限制系数，V1、V2及V3的单位均为伏。
在本实施例中，初始放电功率限制系数为默认值100％，因此，第一电压功率限制公式进一步可表示为如下：
参照图6，可以理解的是，电池功率限制包括放电功率限制和充电功率限制，在充电功率限制中，功率限制系数为第二功率限制系数，单体电压极值为最大单体电压，电压限功率区间包括充电功率限制起始电压、充电功率限制截止电压和充电功率限制恢复电压；步骤S400，包括但不限于以下步骤：
步骤S420，将最大单体电压分别与充电功率限制起始电压、充电功率限制截止电压及充电功率限制恢复电压进行比较，确定第二功率限制系数。
需要说明的是，在充电功率限制过程中第二功率限制系数越来越大，此时最大单体电压逐渐减小，第二功率限制系数仍保持上一刻的计算值，只有当最大单体电压减小至充电功率限制恢复电压点时，第二功率限制系数才会恢复为默认值。
参照图7至图8，可以理解的是，步骤S420，包括但不限于以下步骤：
步骤S421，获取初始充电功率限制系数；
步骤S422，当最大单体电压小于或等于充电功率限制起始电压，第二功率限制系数为初始充电功率限制系数；
步骤S423，当最大单体电压大于或等于充电功率限制截止电压，第二功率限制系数为零；
步骤S424，当最大单体电压在充电功率限制起始电压与充电功率限制截止电压之间，根 据第二电压功率限制公式计算得到第二功率限制系数；
步骤S425，当最大单体电压小于充电功率限制恢复电压，第二功率限制系数为初始充电功率限制系数。
在本实施例中，初始充电功率限制系数为默认值100％，也即当最大单体电压小于或等于充电功率限制起始电压，第二功率限制系数为100％；当最大单体电压小于充电功率限制恢复电压，第二功率限制系数也为100％。
需要说明的是，参照图8，V4表示充电功率限制起始电压，V5表示充电功率限制截止电压，V6表示充电功率限制恢复电压，VltgMax表示最大单体电压，LimitRate2表示第二功率限制系数。
需要说明的是，参照图8，在充电功率限制过程中，本实施例所提供的电池功率限制保护方法随着实时采集到的最大单体电压而线性变化，该方法操作简单，也提高了根据该第二功率限制系数得到的实际可用功率的准确率，且在全温度区间均可使用，能够适配多种不同的项目。
需要说明的是，充电功率限制起始电压、充电功率限制截止电压和充电功率限制恢复电压的取值均由电池厂商提供或根据故障报警电压点进行制定。示例性的，可参考以下表格：
可以理解的是，步骤S424中的第一电压功率限制公式如下：
其中，LimitRate2表示第二功率限制系数，VltgMax表示最大单体电压，V4表示充电功率限制起始电压，V5表示充电功率限制截止电压，LimitRate4表示初始充电功率限制系数，V4、V5的单位均为伏。
在本实施例中，初始充电功率限制系数为默认值100％，因此，第二电压功率限制公式进一步可表示为如下：
另外，本申请第二方面实施例还提供了一种电池功率限制保护系统，该电池功率限制保护系统包括：存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序。
处理器和存储器可以通过总线或者其他方式连接。
存储器作为一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，可用于存储非暂态软件程序以及非暂态性计算机可执行程序。此外，存储器可以包括高速随机存取存储器，还可以包括非暂态存储器，例如至少一个磁盘存储器件、闪存器件、或其他非暂态固态存储器件。在一些实施方式中，存储器可选包括相对于处理器远程设置的存储器，这些远程存储器可以通过网络连接至该处理器。上述网络的实例包括但不限于互联网、企业内部网、局域网、移动通信网及其组合。
实现上述第一方面实施例的电池功率限制保护方法所需的非暂态软件程序以及指令存储在存储器中，当被处理器执行时，执行上述实施例中的电池功率限制保护方法，例如，执行以上描述的图1中的方法步骤S100至S400、图3中的方法步骤S410、图4中的方法步骤S411至步骤S415、图6中的方法步骤S420、图7中的方法步骤S421至S425。
以上所描述的设备实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，即可以落入一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。
此外，本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令，该计算机可执行指令被一个处理器或控制器执行，例如，被上述设备实施例中的一个处理器执行，可使得上述处理器执行上述实施例中的电池功率限制保护方法，例如，执行以上描述的图1中的方法步骤S100至S400、图3中的方法步骤S410、图4中的方法步骤S411至步骤S415、图6中的方法步骤S420、图7中的方法步骤S421至S425。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解，上文中所公开方法中的全部或某些步骤、系统可以被实施为软件、固件、硬件及其适当的组合。某些物理组件或所有物理组件可以被实施为由处理器，如中央处理器、数字信号处理器或微处理器执行的软件，或者被实施为硬件，或者被实施为集成电路，如专用集成电路。这样的软件可以分布在计算机可读介质上，计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质(或非暂时性介质)和通信介质(或暂时性介质)。如本领域普通技术人员公知的，术语计算机存储介质包括在用于存储信息(诸如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据)的任何方法或技术中实施的易失性和非易失性、可移除和不可移除介质。计算机存储介质包括但不限于RAM、ROM、EEPROM、闪存或其他存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(DVD)或其他光盘存储、磁盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其他磁存储装置、或者可以用于存储期望的信息并且可以被计算机访问的任何其他的介质。此外，本领域普通技术人员公知的是，通信介质通常包含计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或者诸如载波或其他传输机制之类的调制数据信号中的其他数据，并且可包括任何信息递送介质。
以上是对本申请的较佳实施进行了具体说明，但本申请并不局限于上述实施方式，熟悉 本领域的技术人员在不违背本申请精神的前提下还可作出种种的等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池功率限制保护方法，应用于整车，所述整车设有电池管理系统，其中，所述方法包括：
    周期获取电池当前的温度数据、荷电状态及单体电压极值；
    根据所述温度数据和所述荷电状态，计算当前的最大可用功率，其中，所述最大可用功率包括最大放电功率和最大充电功率；
    根据所述单体电压极值和所述温度数据对应的电压限功率区间，确定功率限制系数；
    根据所述最大可用功率和所述功率限制系数，得到所述电池管理系统允许所述整车使用的实际可用功率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池功率限制保护方法，其中，所述根据所述最大可用功率和所述功率限制系数，得到所述电池管理系统允许所述整车使用的实际可用功率的计算公式如下：
    P＝PowerMax×LimitRate，
    其中，P表示所述实际可用功率，PowerMax表示所述最大可用功率，LimitRate表示所述功率限制系数。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池功率限制保护方法，其中，所述电池功率限制包括放电功率限制和充电功率限制，在所述放电功率限制中，所述功率限制系数为第一功率限制系数，所述单体电压极值为最小单体电压，所述电压限功率区间包括放电功率限制起始电压、放电功率限制截止电压和放电功率限制恢复电压；所述根据所述单体电压极值和所述温度数据对应的电压限功率区间，确定功率限制系数，包括：
    将所述最小单体电压分别与所述放电功率限制起始电压、所述放电功率限制截止电压及所述放电功率限制恢复电压进行比较，确定第一功率限制系数。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电池功率限制保护方法，其中，所述将所述最小单体电压分别与所述放电功率限制起始电压、所述放电功率限制截止电压及所述放电功率限制恢复电压进行比较，确定第一功率限制系数，包括：
    获取初始放电功率限制系数；
    当所述最小单体电压大于或等于所述放电功率限制起始电压，所述第一功率限制系数为所述初始放电功率限制系数；
    当所述最小单体电压小于或等于所述放电功率限制截止电压，所述第一功率限制系数为 零；
    当所述最小单体电压在所述放电功率限制起始电压与所述放电功率限制截止电压之间，根据第一电压功率限制公式计算得到所述第一功率限制系数；
    当所述最小单体电压大于所述放电功率限制恢复电压，所述第一功率限制系数为所述初始放电功率限制系数。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池功率限制保护方法，其中，所述第一电压功率限制公式如下：
    其中，LimitRate1表示所述第一功率限制系数，VltgMin表示所述最小单体电压，V1表示所述放电功率限制起始电压，V2表示所述放电功率限制截止电压，LimitRate3表示所述初始放电功率限制系数。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池功率限制保护方法，其中，所述电池功率限制包括放电功率限制和充电功率限制，在所述充电功率限制中，所述功率限制系数为第二功率限制系数，所述单体电压极值为最大单体电压，所述电压限功率区间包括充电功率限制起始电压、充电功率限制截止电压和充电功率限制恢复电压；所述根据所述单体电压极值和所述温度数据对应的电压限功率区间，确定功率限制系数，包括：
    将所述最大单体电压分别与所述充电功率限制起始电压、所述充电功率限制截止电压及所述充电功率限制恢复电压进行比较，确定第二功率限制系数。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池功率限制保护方法，其中，所述将所述最大单体电压分别与所述充电功率限制起始电压、所述充电功率限制截止电压及所述充电功率限制恢复电压进行比较，确定第二功率限制系数，包括：
    获取初始充电功率限制系数；
    当所述最大单体电压小于或等于所述充电功率限制起始电压，所述第二功率限制系数为所述初始充电功率限制系数；
    当所述最大单体电压大于或等于所述充电功率限制截止电压，所述第二功率限制系数为零；
    当所述最大单体电压在所述充电功率限制起始电压与所述充电功率限制截止电压之间，根据第二电压功率限制公式计算得到所述第二功率限制系数；
    当所述最大单体电压小于所述充电功率限制恢复电压，所述第二功率限制系数为所述初始充电功率限制系数。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池功率限制保护方法，其中，所述第一电压功率限制公式如下：
    其中，LimitRate2表示所述第二功率限制系数，VltgMax表示所述最大单体电压，V4表示所述充电功率限制起始电压，V5表示所述充电功率限制截止电压，LimitRate4表示所述初始充电功率限制系数。
  9. 一种电池功率限制保护系统，其中，包括：存储器、处理器及存储在所述存储器上并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池功率限制保护方法。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其中：所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机可执行指令，所述计算机可执行指令用于使计算机执行如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电池功率限制保护方法。
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