WO2024042861A1 - 固体電解質、電池、固体電解質の製造方法、および電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
固体電解質、電池、固体電解質の製造方法、および電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a solid electrolyte, a battery, a method for manufacturing a solid electrolyte, and a method for manufacturing a battery.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a halide that contains iodine and can be used as a solid electrolyte material.
- the ionic conductivity of a solid electrolyte may decrease over time depending on the environment in which it is placed.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a solid electrolyte in which reduction in ionic conductivity is suppressed.
- a solid electrolyte It has a composition represented by the following formula (1), Li ⁇ M ⁇ X ⁇ I ⁇ ...Formula (1)
- M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements and metalloid elements other than Li
- X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br, 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , and 0 ⁇ , is satisfied
- a peak having a half-width of 0.10° or more and 0.55° or less is 31° or more and 32° or less. Existing in the range of diffraction angle 2 ⁇ , Provides a solid electrolyte.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a solid electrolyte in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a solid electrolyte in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a battery in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a battery according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic structure of the solid electrolyte produced in the example.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a Cole-Cole plot obtained by impedance measurement of the solid electrolyte of Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a solid electrolyte in Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a solid electrolyte in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction patterns of the solid electrolytes of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 8A is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction patterns (30° ⁇ 2 ⁇ 33°) of the solid electrolytes of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 after the high temperature holding test.
- FIG. 8B is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction patterns (40° ⁇ 2 ⁇ 44°) of the solid electrolytes of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 after the high temperature holding test.
- a halide solid electrolyte containing iodine as a halogen has higher ionic conductivity at 25° C. than a halide solid electrolyte not containing iodine.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of solid electrolyte 10 in the first embodiment.
- Solid electrolyte 10 in Embodiment 1 has a composition represented by the following formula (1).
- M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements and metalloid elements other than Li.
- X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br. 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , and 0 ⁇ are satisfied.
- the solid electrolyte 10 is a halide solid electrolyte containing iodine as a halogen.
- metal elements include B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te.
- Metallic elements include all elements included in Groups 1 to 12 of the periodic table except hydrogen, as well as B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, C, N, P, O, S, and Se. Contains all elements included in groups 13 to 16 except for That is, "metal elements and metalloid elements” are a group of elements that can become cations when forming an inorganic compound with a halogen.
- the solid electrolyte 10 has higher ionic conductivity than a halide solid electrolyte such as LiI made of Li and halogen. Therefore, when the solid electrolyte 10 is used in a battery, the output characteristics of the battery can be improved.
- a peak having a half-width FWHM of 0.10° or more and 0.55° or less is in the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ range of 31° or more and 32° or less.
- a peak having a half width FWHM of 0.10° or more and 0.55° or less may be a peak having the highest intensity that exists in a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ range of 31° or more and 32° or less.
- X-ray diffraction measurements are performed using Cu-K ⁇ radiation.
- the half width FWHM of the X-ray diffraction peak is correlated with the crystallite size constituting the substance.
- the smaller the half width FWHM the larger the crystallite size and the higher the crystallinity.
- the presence of a peak having a half width FWHM of 0.10° or more and 0.55° or less in a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ range of 31° or more and 32° or less indicates that the crystallite size of the solid electrolyte 10 is relatively large. means.
- the particle size of the solid electrolyte also tends to be large. As the size of the solid electrolyte particles increases, the specific surface area of the solid electrolyte particles decreases.
- the solid electrolyte 10 When the specific surface area of the solid electrolyte particle group is small, the solid electrolyte 10 is difficult to decompose and a decrease in ionic conductivity can be suppressed. Furthermore, when the crystallite size is relatively large, transformation from a crystalline structure to an amorphous structure and/or generation of distortion of the crystalline structure can be suppressed. In other words, the crystal structure of the solid electrolyte 10 is stable. Decomposition can also be suppressed by a stable crystal structure.
- the half-width FWHM of the peak described above may be 0.10° or more and 0.40° or less, and is more preferably 0.10° or more and 0.30° or less. That is, in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the solid electrolyte 10 obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement, a peak having a half-width FWHM of 0.20° or more and 0.40° or less has a diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 31° or more and 32° or less. May exist within the range. According to such a configuration, it is possible to provide the solid electrolyte 10 in which a decrease in ionic conductivity is further suppressed.
- M may include yttrium (Y). That is, the solid electrolyte 10 may contain Y as a metal element. According to such a configuration, the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte 10 can be improved.
- the solid electrolyte 10 is, for example, Li 4.5 Y 0.6 Br 2 Cl 2 I 2 , Li 1.5 Y 1.5 Br 2 Cl 2 I 2 , Li 3 YBr 2.35 Cl 2 I 1.65 , Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 3 I, Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 3.5 I 0.5 , Li 3 YBrCl 4 I, Li 3 YBrCl 4.5 I 0.5 , Li 3 YBr 0.5 Cl 5 I 0.5 , Li 3 YCI 4 BrI, Li 3 YCI 3 Br 2 I, Li 3 YCI 3 BrI 2 , Li 3 YCI 2 Br 3 I, Li 3 YCI 2 Br 3 , Li 3 YCIBr 4 I, Li 3 YCIBr 3 I 2 , Li 3 YCIBr 2 I 3 , Li 3 YCIBr I 4 , Li 3 YCI 2 Br 2.35 I 1.65 , Li 1.5Y It may have a composition represented by 1.5 CI 2 Br 2 I 2 , Li 3
- the solid electrolyte 10 may contain inevitable impurities such as oxygen, water, and raw materials.
- the composition excluding unavoidable impurities may be represented by formula (1).
- the ratio I d /I m of the area intensity I d to the area intensity I m may be 0.01 or more and 0.70 or less.
- the area intensity I m is the peak area of a peak existing in a range of diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 31° or more and 32° or less.
- the area intensity I d is the peak area of a peak existing in the range of diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 42° or more and 43° or less.
- the high temperature holding test is a test in which the solid electrolyte 10 is held for 100 hours in an environment of 100° C. or higher and 150° C. or lower. The temperature of "100° C. or higher and 150° C.” is the ambient temperature.
- the peak existing in the range of diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 31° or more and 32° or less is a peak derived from the solid electrolyte 10.
- the peak existing in the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ range of 42° or more and 43° or less is a peak derived from LiI generated by decomposition of the solid electrolyte 10. Therefore, the ratio I d /I m can be an index representing the progress of decomposition of the solid electrolyte 10.
- the ratio I d /I m of 0.01 or more and 0.70 or less indicates that decomposition of the solid electrolyte 10 is suppressed.
- the ratio I d /I m may be greater than or equal to 0.30 and less than or equal to 0.60. According to such a configuration, the solid electrolyte 10 in which a decrease in ionic conductivity is suppressed is more reliably realized.
- the areal intensity I m and the areal intensity I d can be determined by the following method. First, data of an X-ray diffraction pattern is fitted using a Gaussian function or a Lorentzian function. During fitting, noise is removed by smoothing the data. Area intensity I m and area intensity I d are determined from the data after fitting.
- the solid electrolyte 10 may be a molded body.
- the solid electrolyte 10 may form a molded body together with other materials constituting the battery, such as an active material.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for manufacturing the solid electrolyte 10.
- a solid electrolyte material is prepared (step S1).
- the obtained solid electrolyte material is in powder form.
- methods for preparing the solid electrolyte material include a calcination method, a mechanochemical milling method, and the like.
- solid electrolyte material means a material before being subjected to post-synthesis heat treatment (step S3).
- the mixed material is fired at a temperature of 200°C or higher and 650°C or lower.
- Calcining can be carried out in vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the inert gas include nitrogen gas and rare gases.
- mixed materials are reacted with each other in a mixing device such as a planetary ball mill.
- M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements other than Li and metalloid elements
- X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br. 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , and 0 ⁇ .
- the mixed material used in step S1 is obtained by mixing raw material powders prepared so as to have a desired composition.
- the raw material powders are, for example, LiBr, LiI, YBr 3 , and YCl 3 .
- the target composition is Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 2 I 2
- the raw material powders may be mixed in a pre-adjusted molar ratio to offset compositional changes that may occur during the synthesis process.
- the firing temperature when the firing temperature is 200°C or higher, the mixed materials can be sufficiently reacted. Further, by setting the firing temperature to 650° C. or lower, thermal decomposition of the halide produced by solid phase reaction can be suppressed. Thereby, the ionic conductivity of the produced solid electrolyte material can be improved.
- a powdered mixed material is placed in a container and fired in a heating furnace.
- the container include a crucible.
- the firing time is, for example, 15 minutes to 12 hours.
- the mixed material may be fired at a temperature of 200°C or higher and lower than 500°C.
- the firing temperature is less than 500°C, thermal decomposition of the halide can be further suppressed.
- a temperature lower than 500° C. which is the melting point of LiI contained in the mixed material, decomposition of LiI before the solid phase reaction is completed can be suppressed.
- the solid electrolyte material having the composition represented by formula (1) can be more reliably synthesized.
- the mixed material may be fired at a temperature of 380°C or higher and lower than 500°C.
- the firing temperature is 380° C. or higher, the crystallinity of the solid electrolyte material can be improved.
- the crystallinity improves, the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte material improves.
- step S2 the solid electrolyte material is molded to obtain a molded body.
- the molded body may be produced by pressure molding the solid electrolyte material.
- the shape of the molded body is not particularly limited, and is, for example, plate-shaped.
- the pressure molding temperature is, for example, room temperature (25°C) or higher and lower than 500°C.
- the pressure of pressure molding is, for example, 10 MPa to 720 MPa.
- the pressure molding time is, for example, 5 seconds to 1 hour.
- Step S2 is preferably performed in vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere.
- step S2 if the pressure molding in step S2 is performed at a temperature of 200° C. or higher and lower than 500° C., step S3, which will be described later, can be omitted.
- the filling rate of the molded body obtained in step S2 is, for example, 80% or more.
- the upper limit of the filling rate of the molded body obtained in step S2 is not particularly limited. The upper limit is, for example, 99.5%.
- the filling rate of the molded body can be determined by the following equation (2).
- the porosity can be determined, for example, by the following method. First, a cross section of the molded body is exposed, and the cross section is observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the cross-sectional SEM image, the porosity can be determined by dividing the total area of voids in the molded body by the total area of the molded body including voids.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Step S3 the molded body is fired at a temperature of 200° C. or more and less than 500° C.
- Step S3 solid electrolyte 10 is obtained.
- Step S3 may be performed in vacuum or in an inert gas atmosphere.
- the firing time in step S3 is, for example, 15 minutes to 12 hours.
- the firing temperature in step S3 is more preferably 250°C or higher and lower than 350°C (ambient temperature). According to such a configuration, it is possible to manufacture the solid electrolyte 10 in which a decrease in ionic conductivity is further suppressed.
- the solid electrolyte 10 can be obtained by heat-treating a molded body of a solid electrolyte material having the composition represented by formula (1). Note that the composition of the solid electrolyte material does not change before and after the heat treatment. In the solid electrolyte 10 manufactured by the above method, a decrease in ionic conductivity is suppressed. It is presumed that this is because the crystal structure of the solid electrolyte material, which has been changed by the pressure forming in step S2, approaches its original state by the firing in step S3. In other words, it is presumed that this is because the crystallite size of the solid electrolyte material increased due to the firing in step S3.
- Embodiment 2 battery 100 in Embodiment 2 will be explained. Descriptions that overlap with those in Embodiment 1 will be omitted as appropriate.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of the battery 100 in the second embodiment.
- the battery 100 includes a positive electrode 12 , a negative electrode 13 , and a solid electrolyte layer 11 disposed between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13 .
- At least one selected from the group consisting of positive electrode 12, negative electrode 13, and solid electrolyte layer 11 includes solid electrolyte 10 in the first embodiment. Since the solid electrolyte 10 suppresses a decrease in ionic conductivity, the battery 100 can have excellent charge/discharge characteristics.
- the desired effect can be obtained regardless of whether the solid electrolyte 10 is included in any of the positive electrode 12, the negative electrode 13, and the solid electrolyte layer 11.
- the solid electrolyte 10 may be included in only one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode 12, the negative electrode 13, and the solid electrolyte layer 11, may be included in two, or may be included in all three. You can leave it there.
- the solid electrolyte layer 11 is in contact with the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13.
- the solid electrolyte 10 may be included in the solid electrolyte layer 11.
- the charge/discharge characteristics of the battery 100 are further improved.
- the solid electrolyte layer 11 may contain 100% by mass of the solid electrolyte 10 relative to the entire solid electrolyte layer 11, excluding unavoidable impurities. That is, the solid electrolyte layer 11 may be substantially composed only of the solid electrolyte 10. The solid electrolyte layer 11 may be the solid electrolyte 10 itself.
- the solid electrolyte layer 11 contains the solid electrolyte 10 as a main component, and may further contain inevitable impurities or starting materials, by-products, and decomposition products used when synthesizing the solid electrolyte 10. .
- the ratio of the mass of solid electrolyte 10 to the mass of solid electrolyte layer 11 may be, for example, 50% by mass or more, or 70% by mass or more.
- the positive electrode 12 includes, as a positive electrode active material, a material that has the property of intercalating and deintercalating metal ions (for example, lithium ions).
- positive electrode active materials include lithium-containing transition metal oxides, lithium-containing transition metal phosphates, transition metal fluorides, polyanion materials, fluorinated polyanion materials, transition metal sulfides, transition metal oxysulfides, and transition metal oxynitrides. objects etc. can be used.
- lithium-containing transition metal oxides include Li(Ni, Co, Al)O 2 , Li(Ni, Co, Mn)O 2 , and LiCoO 2 .
- manufacturing costs can be reduced and the average discharge voltage of the battery 100 can be increased.
- (Ni, Co, Al) indicates at least one element selected from the group of elements in parentheses. That is, “(Ni, Co, Al)” is synonymous with “at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, and Al.” The same applies to other elements.
- the positive electrode 12 may include an electrolyte material, for example, a solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte included in the positive electrode 12 may include a halide solid electrolyte.
- the halide solid electrolyte may be a sulfur-free compound. If sulfur is not included, the generation of hydrogen sulfide can be prevented.
- the positive electrode 12 may include the solid electrolyte 10 in Embodiment 1 as a halide solid electrolyte. According to the above configuration, the output characteristics of the battery 100 can be further improved.
- a sulfide solid electrolyte In addition to the halide solid electrolyte, a sulfide solid electrolyte, an oxide solid electrolyte, a polymer solid electrolyte, a complex hydride solid electrolyte, etc. can be used for the positive electrode 12.
- Sulfide solid electrolytes include Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-SiS 2 , Li 2 SB 2 S 3 , Li 2 S-GeS 2 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , Li 10 Examples include GeP 2 S 12 .
- LiX, Li 2 O, MO q , Lip MO q , etc. may be added to these.
- X is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I.
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of P, Si, Ge, B, Al, Ga, In, Fe, and Zn.
- p and q are each natural numbers.
- One or more sulfide solid electrolytes selected from the materials listed above may be used.
- oxide solid electrolytes examples include NASICON type solid electrolytes represented by LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 and its element substituted products, (LaLi)TiO 3 -based perovskite type solid electrolytes, Li 14 ZnGe 4 O 16 , Li 4 SiO 4 , LISICON-type solid electrolyte represented by LiGeO 4 and its element-substituted product, garnet-type solid electrolyte represented by Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 and its element-substituted product, Li 3 PO 4 and its N-substituted product, Examples include glass or glass ceramics in which Li-BO compounds such as LiBO 2 and Li 3 BO 3 are added with Li 2 SO 4 and Li 2 CO 3 . One or more oxide solid electrolytes selected from the above materials may be used.
- a compound of a polymer compound and a lithium salt can be used as the polymer solid electrolyte.
- the polymer compound may have an ethylene oxide structure.
- a polymer compound having an ethylene oxide structure can contain a large amount of lithium salt. Therefore, the ionic conductivity can be further increased.
- Lithium salts include LiPF6 , LiBF4 , LiSbF6 , LiAsF6 , LiSO3CF3 , LiN( SO2F ) 2 , LiN ( SO2CF3 ) 2 , LiN( SO2C2F5 ) 2 , Examples include LiN(SO 2 CF 3 )(SO 2 C 4 F 9 ), LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 and the like.
- One lithium salt may be used alone, or two or more may be used in combination.
- Examples of the complex hydride solid electrolyte include LiBH 4 --LiI and LiBH 4 --P 2 S 5 .
- the negative electrode 13 includes, for example, a material having the property of intercalating and deintercalating metal ions (for example, lithium ions) as a negative electrode active material.
- Metal materials, carbon materials, oxides, nitrides, tin compounds, silicon compounds, and the like can be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the metal material may be a single metal.
- the metal material may be an alloy. Examples of metal materials include lithium metal and lithium alloys.
- Examples of carbon materials include natural graphite, coke, under-graphitized carbon, carbon fiber, spherical carbon, artificial graphite, and amorphous carbon. Capacity density can be improved by using silicon (Si), tin (Sn), a silicon compound, a tin compound, or the like.
- oxides include Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , LiTi 2 O 4 , TiO 2 , and the like.
- the negative electrode 13 may include an electrolyte material, for example, a solid electrolyte.
- the solid electrolyte contained in the negative electrode 13 may include a halide solid electrolyte.
- the negative electrode 13 may include the solid electrolyte 10 in Embodiment 1 as a halide solid electrolyte. According to the above configuration, the output characteristics of the battery 100 can be further improved.
- solid electrolyte included in the negative electrode 13 in addition to the halide solid electrolyte, for example, a sulfide solid electrolyte, an oxide solid electrolyte, a polymer solid electrolyte, a complex hydride solid electrolyte, etc. can be used.
- the above configuration also allows the output characteristics of the battery 100 to be further improved.
- the materials exemplified as the solid electrolyte included in the positive electrode 12 can be used as the sulfide solid electrolyte, oxide solid electrolyte, polymer solid electrolyte, and complex hydride solid electrolyte.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing the battery 100.
- Step ST1 a solid electrolyte material is prepared (step ST1).
- the obtained solid electrolyte material is in powder form.
- Step ST1 is the same step as step S1 in the method for manufacturing the solid electrolyte 10, so a description thereof will be omitted.
- a laminate including the positive electrode 12, solid electrolyte layer 11, and negative electrode 13 is produced (ST2).
- methods for producing the laminate include wet methods and dry methods.
- a laminate in the wet method, can be produced, for example, by the method below.
- a positive electrode slurry containing a solid electrolyte material and a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode slurry containing a solid electrolyte material and a negative electrode active material are respectively prepared. Apply the positive electrode slurry to the positive electrode current collector and dry it. Apply the negative electrode slurry to the current collector and dry it.
- the coating film may be pressurized if necessary. Thereby, a positive electrode 12 and a negative electrode 13 are obtained.
- the solid electrolyte layer 11 can be obtained by applying a slurry containing a solid electrolyte material to a base material and drying the slurry.
- the solid electrolyte layer 11 can also be obtained by forming a thin film of solid electrolyte material on a base material by sputtering or vapor deposition and drying it. Next, the solid electrolyte layer 11 is disposed between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13, and they are integrated by pressure molding. This forms a laminate.
- the solid electrolyte layer 11 may be formed by applying a slurry containing a solid electrolyte material to the surface of the positive electrode 12.
- a laminate may be formed by disposing the negative electrode 13 on the solid electrolyte layer 11 formed on the surface of the positive electrode 12 and pressurizing the solid electrolyte layer 11 to integrate them.
- the solid electrolyte layer 11 may be formed by applying a slurry containing a solid electrolyte material to the surface of the negative electrode 13.
- a laminate may be formed by arranging the positive electrode 12 on the solid electrolyte layer 11 formed on the surface of the negative electrode 13 and integrating the positive electrode 12 by pressure molding.
- the solid electrolyte layer 11 may be formed by applying a slurry containing a solid electrolyte material to the surfaces of the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13, respectively.
- a laminate may be formed by bringing the solid electrolyte layer 11 formed on the surface of the positive electrode 12 and the solid electrolyte layer 11 formed on the surface of the negative electrode 13 into contact and integrating them by pressure molding.
- step ST1 includes heat treatment to dry each coating film.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is appropriately set depending on the solvent used. After the heat treatment, a laminate including the positive electrode 12, solid electrolyte layer 11, and negative electrode 13 is produced.
- a laminate can be produced, for example, by the method below.
- An upper die is inserted into the insulating tube, and the solid electrolyte material is pressurized to form the solid electrolyte layer 11.
- the upper die is removed, and a positive electrode material containing a solid electrolyte material and a positive electrode active material is placed in an insulating tube.
- the upper die is reinserted into the insulating tube, and the positive electrode material is pressurized to form the positive electrode 12 on the solid electrolyte layer 11.
- the lower die After forming the positive electrode 12, the lower die is removed and a negative electrode material containing a solid electrolyte material and a negative electrode active material is placed in an insulating tube. The lower die is inserted again and the negative electrode material is pressurized to form the negative electrode 13. This forms a laminate.
- the filling rate of the laminate obtained in step ST2 is, for example, 80% or more.
- the upper limit of the filling rate of the laminate obtained in step ST2 is not particularly limited. The upper limit is, for example, 99.5%.
- the filling rate of the laminate can be determined by the same method as the filling rate of the molded body.
- step ST3 in general, sulfide solid electrolytes and polymer solid electrolytes have lower heat resistance than halide solid electrolytes. Therefore, in consideration of the firing temperature in step ST3 performed after step ST2, it is desirable that the positive electrode 12, solid electrolyte layer 11, and negative electrode 13 do not contain a sulfide solid electrolyte and a polymer solid electrolyte.
- Step ST3 is the same step as step S3 in the method for manufacturing the solid electrolyte 10, except that the laminate is fired instead of the molded body, so the explanation will be omitted.
- the positive electrode 12, the solid electrolyte layer 11, and the negative electrode 13 all contain the solid electrolyte 10. However, it is sufficient that at least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode 12, the solid electrolyte layer 11, and the negative electrode 13 contains the solid electrolyte 10.
- the solid electrolyte 10 itself in Embodiment 1 may be used.
- step ST3 can be omitted by using the solid electrolyte 10 itself as the solid electrolyte layer 11.
- a solid electrolyte It has a composition represented by the following formula (1), Li ⁇ M ⁇ X ⁇ I ⁇ ...Formula (1)
- M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements and metalloid elements other than Li
- X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br, 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , and 0 ⁇ , is satisfied
- a peak having a half-width of 0.10° or more and 0.55° or less is 31° or more and 32° or less. Existing in the range of diffraction angle 2 ⁇ , solid electrolyte.
- M includes Y, the solid electrolyte according to technology 1. According to such a configuration, the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte can be improved.
- the battery of technology 4 can have excellent charge/discharge characteristics because the solid electrolyte suppresses a decrease in ionic conductivity.
- the solid electrolyte material has a composition represented by the following formula (1), Li ⁇ M ⁇ X ⁇ I ⁇ ...Formula (1)
- M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements and metalloid elements other than Li
- X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br, 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , and 0 ⁇ , is satisfied, Method for producing solid electrolyte.
- (Technology 9) Producing a laminate in which a positive electrode, a solid electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode are arranged in this order; Baking the laminate at a temperature of 200°C or higher and lower than 500°C; including; At least one selected from the group consisting of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the solid electrolyte layer includes a solid electrolyte material,
- the solid electrolyte material has a composition represented by the following formula (1), Li ⁇ M ⁇ X ⁇ I ⁇ ...Formula (1)
- M includes at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements and metalloid elements other than Li
- X includes at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br, 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , 0 ⁇ , and 0 ⁇ , is satisfied, How to manufacture batteries.
- Example 1 [Preparation of solid electrolyte] ⁇ Example 1 ⁇
- the compact of Example 1 was produced by pressure-molding 150 mg of the solid electrolyte material powder produced according to the above method at room temperature and under a pressure of 720 MPa for 5 minutes.
- the filling rate calculated by the method described above was 99%.
- Example 1 was obtained.
- the solid electrolyte of Example 1 was disk-shaped with dimensions of 9.2 mm in diameter and approximately 600 ⁇ m in thickness.
- Comparative Example 1 A pressure-molded solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 was produced in the same manner as the solid electrolyte of Example 1, except that the firing after pressure-forming was omitted.
- the solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 was disk-shaped with dimensions of 9.2 mm in diameter and about 600 ⁇ m in thickness.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a solid electrolyte 50 produced in an example.
- both main surfaces 501 and 502 of the solid electrolyte 50 were brought into contact with SUS pins, respectively.
- an impedance analyzer was connected to the tip of each pin, and the solid electrolyte 50 was maintained at room temperature. In this state, the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte 50 was measured.
- a complex impedance method was used to measure the ionic conductivity.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a Cole-Cole plot obtained by impedance measurement of the solid electrolyte of Example 1.
- the vertical axis shows the imaginary part of impedance
- the horizontal axis shows the real part of impedance.
- the real value of the impedance at the measurement point where the absolute value of the phase of the complex impedance is the smallest was regarded as the resistance value of the solid electrolyte against ionic conduction.
- the resistance value refer to the arrow R SE shown in FIG. 6.
- the ionic conductivity was calculated based on the following formula (3).
- ⁇ ionic conductivity.
- S represents the area of the main surface of the solid electrolyte.
- R SE represents the resistance value of the solid electrolyte in impedance measurement.
- t represents the thickness of the solid electrolyte.
- Example 1 The solid electrolytes of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to X-ray diffraction measurements.
- a powder X-ray diffractometer (MiniFlex600, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) was used. The measurement conditions are as follows.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the X-ray diffraction patterns of the solid electrolytes of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement. Based on FIG. 7, for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the half-width FWHM of the peak of the solid electrolyte, which is the peak having the highest intensity within the range of diffraction angle 2 ⁇ of 31° or more and 32° or less, was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the solid electrolyte was held in an environment of 125°C for 100 hours. After 100 hours had passed, the solid electrolyte was naturally cooled until it reached 25°C.
- the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolytes of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 after the high temperature holding test was calculated by the method described above. Based on the ionic conductivity before and after the high temperature retention test, the ionic conductivity maintenance rate after the high temperature retention test was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B are graphs showing the X-ray diffraction patterns of the solid electrolytes of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 after the high temperature holding test.
- FIG. 8A shows a range of 2 ⁇ from 30° to 33°.
- FIG. 8B shows a range of 2 ⁇ from 40° to 44°.
- the ratio I d /I m was calculated for the solid electrolytes of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- the peaks present in the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ range of 31° or more and 32° or less were solid electrolyte peaks.
- the areal intensity I m was the peak area of the solid electrolyte peak.
- the peak existing in the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ range of 42° or more and 43° or less was a peak of LiI generated by decomposition of the solid electrolyte. That is, the areal intensity I d was the peak area of the LiI peak. Note that data fitting, smoothing, and calculation of each area intensity were performed using software attached to a powder X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku Corporation, MiniFlex600). The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 1 The ionic conductivity retention rate of the solid electrolyte of Example 1 greatly exceeded the ionic conductivity retention rate of the solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 1. That is, in Example 1, the decrease in ionic conductivity due to the high temperature holding test was suppressed. The ratio I d /I m after the high temperature holding test in Example 1 was kept low compared to Comparative Example 1. It was found that when the half-width FWHM of the peak existing in the diffraction angle 2 ⁇ range of 31° or more and 32° or more is 0.10° or more and 0.55° or less, the decrease in ionic conductivity is suppressed. .
- Example 1 a molded body of a solid electrolyte material having a composition represented by compositional formula (1) was fired at a temperature of 200°C or higher and lower than 500°C. It is presumed that this increased the crystallite size in the solid electrolyte, stabilized the crystal structure, and suppressed the progress of decomposition.
- the ionic conductivity was evaluated using a solid electrolyte represented by Li 3 YBr 2 Cl 2 I 2 .
- Y at least one selected from the group consisting of metal elements and metalloid elements other than Li, such as lanthanoid elements (e.g., La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, It is presumed that similar effects can be obtained also when using Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, or Lu). This is because lanthanoid elements have a similar electronic configuration and atomic radius to yttrium, so they can have similar structures.
- the solid electrolyte of the present disclosure can be used, for example, in a vehicle-mounted lithium ion secondary battery.
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Abstract
Description
固体電解質であって、
下記の式(1)により表される組成を有し、
LiαMβXγIδ・・・式(1)
前記式(1)において、
Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
Xは、F、Cl、およびBrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
0<α、
0<β、
0≦γ、および
0<δ、
が充足され、
Cu-Kα線を用いたX線回折測定によって得られる前記固体電解質のX線回折パターンにおいて、0.10°以上かつ0.55°以下の半値幅を有するピークが31°以上かつ32°以下の回折角2θの範囲に存在する、
固体電解質を提供する。
ハロゲンとしてヨウ素を含むハロゲン化物固体電解質は、ヨウ素を含まないハロゲン化物固体電解質に比べて、25℃で高いイオン伝導度を有することが知られている。
図1は、実施の形態1における固体電解質10の概略構成を示す断面図である。実施の形態1における固体電解質10は、下記の式(1)により表される組成を有する。
固体電解質10の製造方法について説明する。図2は、固体電解質10の製造方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。
以下、実施の形態2における電池100が説明される。実施の形態1と重複する説明は、適宜、省略される。
電池100の製造方法について説明する。図4は、電池100の製造方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。
(付記)
以上の実施形態の記載により、下記の技術が開示される。
固体電解質であって、
下記の式(1)により表される組成を有し、
LiαMβXγIδ・・・式(1)
前記式(1)において、
Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
Xは、F、Cl、およびBrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
0<α、
0<β、
0≦γ、および
0<δ、
が充足され、
Cu-Kα線を用いたX線回折測定によって得られる前記固体電解質のX線回折パターンにおいて、0.10°以上かつ0.55°以下の半値幅を有するピークが31°以上かつ32°以下の回折角2θの範囲に存在する、
固体電解質。
前記式(1)において、Mは、Yを含む、技術1に記載の固体電解質。このような構成によれば、固体電解質のイオン伝導度を向上させることができる。
前記式(1)において、Xは、Brγ1Clγ2により表され、2.5≦α≦3.5、0.5≦β≦1.5、0≦γ1<6、0≦γ2<6、0<δ≦6、およびγ1+γ2+δ=6、が充足される、技術1または2に記載の固体電解質。このような構成によれば、固体電解質のイオン伝導度をより向上させることができる。
正極と、
負極と、
前記正極および前記負極の間に配置されている固体電解質層と、
を備え、
前記正極、前記負極、および前記固体電解質層からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つは、技術1から3のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質を含む、
電池。
成形体が得られるように固体電解質材料を成形することと、
200℃以上かつ500℃未満の温度で前記成形体を焼成することと、
を含み、
前記固体電解質材料は、下記の式(1)により表される組成を有し、
LiαMβXγIδ・・・式(1)
前記式(1)において、
Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
Xは、F、Cl、およびBrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
0<α、
0<β、
0≦γ、および
0<δ、
が充足される、
固体電解質の製造方法。
前記式(1)において、Xは、Brγ1Clγ2により表され、2.5≦α≦3.5、0.5≦β≦1.5、0≦γ1<6、0≦γ2<6、0<δ≦6、およびγ1+γ2+δ=6、が充足される、技術5に記載の固体電解質の製造方法。このような構成によれば、固体電解質のイオン伝導度をより向上させることができる。
前記成形体の充填率が、80%以上である、技術5または6に記載の固体電解質の製造方法。このような構成によれば、固体電解質のイオン伝導度を向上させることができる。
原料粉末を混合および焼成することによって、前記固体電解質材料を調製することをさらに含む、技術5から7のいずれか1項に記載の固体電解質の製造方法。このような構成によれば、固体電解質のイオン伝導度を向上させることができる。
正極と、固体電解質層と、負極とがこの順で配置された積層体を作製することと、
200℃以上かつ500℃未満の温度で前記積層体を焼成することと、
を含み、
前記正極、前記負極、および前記固体電解質層からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つは、固体電解質材料を含み、
前記固体電解質材料は、下記の式(1)により表される組成を有し、
LiαMβXγIδ・・・式(1)
前記式(1)において、
Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
Xは、F、Cl、およびBrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
0<α、
0<β、
0≦γ、および
0<δ、
が充足される、
電池の製造方法。
前記式(1)において、Xは、Brγ1Clγ2により表され、2.5≦α≦3.5、0.5≦β≦1.5、0≦γ1<6、0≦γ2<6、0<δ≦6、およびγ1+γ2+δ=6、が充足される、技術9に記載の電池の製造方法。このような構成によれば、固体電解質のイオン伝導度をより向上させることができる。
前記積層体の充填率が、80%以上である、技術9または10に記載の電池の製造方法。このような構成によれば、固体電解質のイオン伝導度を向上させることができる。
原料粉末を混合および焼成することによって、前記正極、前記固体電解質層、および前記負極に含まれる固体電解質材料を調製することをさらに含む、技術9から11のいずれか1項に記載の電池の製造方法。このような構成によれば、固体電解質のイオン伝導度を向上させることができる。
露点-60℃以下のアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で、原料粉末であるLiBr、LiI、YBr3、およびYCl3を、LiBr:LiI:YBr3:YCl3=1:2:0.33:0.67のモル比となるように秤量した。これらの原料粉末をメノウ乳鉢で粉砕して混合することで混合材料を得た。次に、得られた混合材料をアルミナ製るつぼに入れて、440℃まで昇温し、1時間焼成した。得られた焼成物をメノウ乳鉢により粉砕した。これにより、Li3YBr2Cl2I2の組成式で表される固体電解質材料の粉末を得た。
≪実施例1≫
上述の方法に従って作製した固体電解質材料の粉末150mgを、室温、720MPaの圧力で5分間にわたって加圧成形することにより、実施例1の成形体を作製した。上述した方法により算出した充填率は、99%であった。
加圧成形後の焼成を省略したことを除き、実施例1の固体電解質と同じ方法によって、加圧成形された比較例1の固体電解質を作製した。比較例1の固体電解質は、直径9.2mm、厚み約600μmの寸法を有する円盤状であった。
図5は、実施例で作製した固体電解質50の概略構成を示す断面図である。まず、固体電解質50の双方の主面501および502をそれぞれSUS製のピンと接触させた。次に、各ピンの先にインピーダンスアナライザを接続し、固体電解質50を室温に保持した。この状態で、固体電解質50のイオン伝導度を測定した。イオン伝導度の測定には、複素インピーダンス法を用いた。
実施例1および比較例1の固体電解質のX線回折測定を行った。X線回折測定には、粉末X線回折装置(リガク社製、MiniFlex600)を用いた。測定条件は以下の通りである。
測定範囲:2θ=10°から80°
サンプリングのステップ幅:0.01°
スキャン速度:10°/分
次に、実施例1および比較例1のそれぞれの固体電解質について、以下の条件で高温保持試験を実施した。
実施例1の固体電解質のイオン伝導度維持率は、比較例1の固体電解質のイオン伝導度維持率を大きく上回った。つまり、実施例1では、高温保持試験によるイオン伝導度の低下が抑制された。実施例1における高温保持試験後の比率Id/Imは、比較例1に比べて低く抑えられていた。31°以上かつ32°以下の回折角2θの範囲に存在するピークの半値幅FWHMが0.10°以上かつ0.55°以下である場合、イオン伝導度の低下が抑制されることが分かった。
Claims (12)
- 固体電解質であって、
下記の式(1)により表される組成を有し、
LiαMβXγIδ・・・式(1)
前記式(1)において、
Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
Xは、F、Cl、およびBrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
0<α、
0<β、
0≦γ、および
0<δ、
が充足され、
X線回折測定によって得られる前記固体電解質のX線回折パターンにおいて、0.10°以上かつ0.55°以下の半値幅を有するピークが31°以上かつ32°以下の回折角2θの範囲に存在する、
固体電解質。 - 前記式(1)において、
Mは、Yを含む、
請求項1に記載の固体電解質。 - 前記式(1)において、
Xは、Brγ1Clγ2により表され、
2.5≦α≦3.5、
0.5≦β≦1.5、
0≦γ1<6、
0≦γ2<6、
0<δ≦6、および
γ1+γ2+δ=6、
が充足される、
請求項1に記載の固体電解質。 - 正極と、
負極と、
前記正極および前記負極の間に配置されている固体電解質層と、
を備え、
前記正極、前記負極、および前記固体電解質層からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つは、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の固体電解質を含む、
電池。 - 成形体が得られるように固体電解質材料を成形することと、
前記成形体を200℃以上かつ500℃未満の温度で焼成することと、
を含み、
前記固体電解質材料は、下記の式(1)により表される組成を有し、
LiαMβXγIδ・・・式(1)
前記式(1)において、
Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
Xは、F、Cl、およびBrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
0<α、
0<β、
0≦γ、および
0<δ、
が充足される、
固体電解質の製造方法。 - 前記式(1)において、
Xは、Brγ1Clγ2により表され、
2.5≦α≦3.5、
0.5≦β≦1.5、
0≦γ1<6、
0≦γ2<6、
0<δ≦6、および
γ1+γ2+δ=6、
が充足される、
請求項5に記載の固体電解質の製造方法。 - 前記成形体の充填率が、80%以上である、
請求項5に記載の固体電解質の製造方法。 - 原料粉末を混合および焼成することによって、前記固体電解質材料を調製することをさらに含む、
請求項5に記載の固体電解質の製造方法。 - 正極と、固体電解質層と、負極とがこの順で配置された積層体を作製することと、
前記積層体を200℃以上かつ500℃未満の温度で焼成することと、
を含み、
前記正極、前記負極、および前記固体電解質層からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つは、固体電解質材料を含み、
前記固体電解質材料は、下記の式(1)により表される組成を有し、
LiαMβXγIδ・・・式(1)
前記式(1)において、
Mは、Li以外の金属元素および半金属元素からなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
Xは、F、Cl、およびBrからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つを含み、
0<α、
0<β、
0≦γ、および
0<δ、
が充足される、
電池の製造方法。 - 前記式(1)において、
Xは、Brγ1Clγ2により表され、
2.5≦α≦3.5、
0.5≦β≦1.5、
0≦γ1<6、
0≦γ2<6、
0<δ≦6、および
γ1+γ2+δ=6、
が充足される、
請求項9に記載の電池の製造方法。 - 前記積層体の充填率が、80%以上である、
請求項9に記載の電池の製造方法。 - 原料粉末を混合および焼成することによって、前記正極、前記固体電解質層、および前記負極に含まれる固体電解質材料を調製することをさらに含む、
請求項9に記載の電池の製造方法。
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| WO2020136952A1 (ja) | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-02 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | ハロゲン化物の製造方法 |
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| CN112969669B (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-10-25 | Agc株式会社 | 玻璃料、晶化玻璃、晶化玻璃的制造方法、固体电解质、和锂离子二次电池 |
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