WO2024048571A1 - 電極活物質の製造方法、二次電池の製造方法及び二次電池 - Google Patents
電極活物質の製造方法、二次電池の製造方法及び二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/008—Wet processes by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
- C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode active material, a method for manufacturing a secondary battery, and a secondary battery, and more specifically, it is possible to regenerate and reuse the used active material contained in the electrode of a secondary battery after use.
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrode active material, a method for manufacturing a secondary battery using this electrode active material, and a secondary battery provided with this electrode active material.
- Used battery materials such as active materials are collected from the electrodes of used secondary batteries, subjected to recycling treatment, and reused.
- JP 2010-34021A describes a method for recovering oxide-containing battery materials from battery waste materials. This recovery method involves the steps of immersing a base material to which battery materials containing oxides are attached in a solvent in which oxides are not substantially dissolved and peeling off the battery material from the base material, and transferring the peeled battery material to the base material. and a step of separating.
- the publication describes N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, water, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, chloroform, etc. as solvents.
- the same publication also describes that the recovered oxide is fired at a temperature of 600° C. or higher and 1100° C. or lower.
- Japanese Patent No. 5141970 describes a method for recovering a positive electrode active material from a positive electrode of a lithium battery.
- the lithium battery targeted by this recovery method includes a positive electrode active material layer formed by applying a material containing a positive electrode active material dispersed in an aqueous solvent, a conductive material, and a binder to the surface of a positive electrode current collector.
- This recovery method involves immersing the positive electrode in an alkaline aqueous solution to peel off the positive electrode active material layer from the positive electrode current collector, and adding an organic solvent to the peeled cathode active material layer to extract the binder from the peeled material. and a step of separating the supernatant portion containing the conductive material and the sedimented portion containing the positive electrode active material from the extracted product after the extraction step.
- the electrode of a secondary battery generally includes a current collector made of metal foil or the like, and an electrode mixture formed on the current collector.
- the electrode mixture contains a conductive additive, a binder, and the like.
- methods for separating the current collector and electrode mixture include (1) mechanically scraping off the electrode mixture, and (2) dissolving the binder using a polar solvent to separate the electrode mixture from the current collector. (3) A method of peeling the electrode mixture from the current collector by applying an impact using a pulse wave, and the like are known.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a reusable electrode active material by recycling the used active material contained in the electrode of a secondary battery after use, which is a simple process with reduced environmental impact.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently obtaining an electrode active material.
- a method for producing an electrode active material according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method for producing a reusable electrode active material by recycling a used active material contained in an electrode of a used secondary battery, the method comprising:
- the electrode includes a current collector and an electrode mixture formed on the current collector and containing the active material, the electrode is immersed in an alkaline aqueous solution, and the electrode mixture is peeled off from the current collector. and neutralizing the peeled electrode mixture.
- a method for manufacturing a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a step of manufacturing an electrode using an electrode active material manufactured by the above method for manufacturing an electrode active material.
- a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an electrode containing an electrode active material manufactured by the above method for manufacturing an electrode active material.
- a used active material contained in the electrode of a used secondary battery is recycled through a simple process with reduced environmental impact, and a reusable electrode active material is efficiently produced. be able to.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing an electrode active material according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing an electrode active material according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing an electrode active material according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a charging/discharging curve at the time of initial charging/discharging of the electrode sheet produced in the example.
- FIG. 5 shows discharge curves measured at different discharge rates.
- FIG. 6 is a charging/discharging curve at the time of initial charging/discharging of the electrode sheet produced in the example.
- FIG. 7 is a charging/discharging curve during the second charging/discharging of the electrode sheet produced in the example.
- the present inventors investigated a method for recovering and regenerating lithium composite oxide, which is a used active material, from the electrodes of used lithium ion secondary batteries.
- the elution rate of lithium from the active material increased even after the electrode mixture was replaced with a neutral dispersion medium.
- the amount of lithium in the active material decreases, the crystal structure changes, and even if a subsequent regeneration treatment is performed, the material may not be able to be reused as an electrode active material.
- the present inventors have discovered that the elution rate of lithium from the active material can be reduced by immersing the electrode mixture in an alkaline aqueous solution and then neutralizing it.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing an electrode active material according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the method for manufacturing an electrode active material according to the present embodiment includes a step of immersing an electrode in an alkaline aqueous solution and peeling off the electrode mixture from a current collector (step S1), and a step of neutralizing the peeled electrode mixture (step S2).
- a step of washing the neutralized electrode mixture step S3
- a step of drying the washed electrode mixture step S4
- a step of mixing the electrode mixture and the metal compound to form a mixture step S5)
- a primary firing step step S6 in which the mixture is fired at a temperature of 300 to 700°C
- a crushing step step S7 in which the mixture after the primary firing step is crushed, and the mixture after the crushing step is converted into a metal compound.
- the method includes a secondary firing step (step S8) of firing at a temperature of not less than the melting point of and not more than 1000° C., and a step (step S9) of classifying the mixture after the secondary firing step.
- the method for producing an electrode active material according to the present embodiment is a method for producing a reusable electrode active material by recycling the used active material contained in the electrode of a used secondary battery.
- a "used secondary battery” is, but is not limited to, a secondary battery whose discharge capacity has decreased due to repeated charging and discharging, and which has become unsuitable for reuse and has been collected.
- the secondary battery is, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery, although it is not limited thereto.
- the electrode of the secondary battery to be recovered includes a sheet-like current collector and an electrode mixture formed on the current collector.
- the current collector metal foil such as aluminum foil or copper foil is generally used, and aluminum foil is particularly preferably used.
- the electrode mixture is a mixture prepared by adding predetermined additives to an active material.
- the electrode of a secondary battery is manufactured, for example, by dispersing an electrode mixture in a solvent, making it into a paste, applying it to a current collector, and then removing the solvent by drying.
- active materials that can be used in the present invention, specific examples of positive electrode active materials and negative electrode active materials are described below.
- the positive electrode active material examples include LiCoO 2 (LCO), LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 (NCM523), LiNi 0. 6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM622) , LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 (NCM811), LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA) , LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 and the like.
- a positive electrode active material containing a lithium composite oxide in which the atomic ratio of Ni is 50% or more among the elements contained in element M in the composition represented by the general formula LiMO2 is used.
- NCM523, NCM811, NCA, etc. are preferably used. Furthermore, in order to improve rapid charging and discharging, LiMn 2 O 4 having a spinel type structure and LiFePO 4 (LFP) having an olivine type structure are preferably used.
- negative electrode active materials include graphite materials such as natural graphite and artificial graphite, carbon materials such as hard carbon and soft carbon, oxides such as lithium titanate, lithium manganate, and SiO, and elements such as Si and Sn.
- An alloy thereof is preferably used.
- the method for producing an electrode active material according to this embodiment can be applied to both the production of a positive electrode active material and the production of a negative electrode active material.
- a used positive electrode active material is collected from the positive electrode of a used secondary battery, and is subjected to a recycling treatment to become a reusable positive electrode active material.
- a used negative electrode active material is collected from the negative electrode of a used secondary battery, and is subjected to a recycling treatment to become a reusable negative electrode active material.
- the method for manufacturing an electrode active material according to this embodiment can be particularly suitably used when the active material to be recovered is a used positive electrode active material.
- the method for producing an electrode active material according to the present embodiment is suitable when the active material to be recovered is a compound containing an alkali metal, especially a lithium composite oxide, and the active material to be recovered is a compound containing lithium and a transition metal. It is more suitable when the active material is an oxide (Li x MO 2 ; M represents a transition metal, a part of which may be substituted with a typical element), and among these, the active material to be recovered is lithium, nickel, cobalt.
- a complex oxide of manganese and manganese is particularly suitable.
- the electrode mixture may contain a binder and a conductive additive.
- the binder include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), acrylic resin (acrylic acid-acrylate copolymer, etc.), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and styrene-butadiene rubber. (SBR) etc. are used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- acrylic resin acrylic acid-acrylate copolymer, etc.
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- carbon black, graphite powder, etc. are used as the conductive aid.
- the electrode collected from the used secondary battery is immersed in an alkaline aqueous solution, and the electrode mixture is peeled off from the current collector (step S1).
- the alkaline aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of a basic compound.
- the basic compound include, but are not limited to, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, ammonia, and amines.
- the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably an aqueous solution of an alkali metal compound or an aqueous solution of an alkaline earth metal compound.
- an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide is preferable. is particularly preferred.
- the alkaline aqueous solution may be configured not to contain a lithium compound such as lithium hydroxide. Alternatively, it may be an aqueous solution mixed with an organic solvent such as an alcohol, if necessary.
- the pH of the alkaline aqueous solution is preferably 14.5 or less, more preferably 14.0 or less.
- the immersion time is preferably 1 to 10 minutes. If the immersion time is too short, the electrode mixture may not be completely peeled off from the current collector, and some peeling may remain. On the other hand, if the immersion time is too long, the amount of metal eluted from the active material increases, and even if a subsequent regeneration treatment is performed, it may not be possible to reuse it as an electrode active material. Further, the amount of the current collector dissolved becomes too large, making it impossible to recover the current collector as a resource, and the components of the current collector may be mixed into the electrode mixture.
- the immersion time is more preferably 2 minutes or more, and even more preferably 3 minutes or more. On the other hand, the immersion time is more preferably 8 minutes or less.
- the metal will be eluted from the active material. Therefore, it is preferable to remove the alkaline aqueous solution immediately after immersing the electrode in the alkaline aqueous solution for a predetermined period of time to peel off the electrode mixture.
- the alkaline aqueous solution can be removed, for example, by decantation or filtration.
- the peeled electrode mixture is neutralized (step S2).
- the electrode mixture is dispersed in a liquid such as water and stirred, and then further stirred while adding an acid.
- the type of acid is not particularly limited, and sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, etc. can be used.
- the electrode mixture may be dispersed in an acid solution having a predetermined concentration.
- the pH of the dispersion (a solution in which the electrode mixture is dispersed) is preferably 7.0 or less. Further, it is preferable to maintain the pH at 7.0 or less for 1 minute or more.
- the active material to be recovered is an oxide, etc., there is a risk that the active material will dissolve if the pH becomes too low, so it is preferable that the pH of the dispersion is not lower than 2.0, for example. It is more preferable that the value not be less than .0.
- the rate at which metal is eluted from the recovered active material can be reduced. Even so, since the metal is gradually eluted from the active material in the liquid, it is preferable to remove the dispersion medium immediately after neutralizing the electrode mixture.
- the dispersion medium can be removed, for example, by decantation or filtration.
- the neutralized electrode mixture is washed (step S3).
- the electrode mixture is dispersed in water, stirred, and then filtered. Ultrasonic treatment may be performed in place of or in addition to stirring. Instead of filtration, decantation or centrifugation may be used. Moreover, it is preferable to repeat these operations multiple times.
- the cleaned electrode mixture is dried (step S4).
- the drying conditions are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to carry out the drying so that the moisture content in the electrode mixture is sufficiently reduced.
- the drying temperature may be lower than the processing temperature of the temporary firing step described below, for example, less than 300°C.
- a metal compound is added to the recovered electrode mixture and mixed (step S5).
- the metal compound added to the electrode mixture is a compound containing a metal element contained in the recovered active material.
- the recovered active material is a lithium composite oxide
- a lithium compound as a metal compound more specifically, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, or a hydrate thereof, is added to the electrode mixture and mixed.
- a mixture obtained by mixing an electrode mixture and a metal compound will be referred to as a "mixture".
- a part of the metal elements in the active material are irreversibly consumed during the charging and discharging process of the secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material is a lithium composite oxide
- part of the lithium is consumed for forming the SEI film of the negative electrode. Therefore, the used active material contained in the electrode of the secondary battery after use is in a state where metal elements are deficient compared to the initial active material.
- the metal elements in the used active material are further reduced by being eluted in the above-mentioned immersion step in the alkaline aqueous solution (step S1) and the cleaning step (step S3).
- a metal compound containing the missing metal element is added.
- the amount of the metal compound to be added is preferably determined by measuring the amount of metal elements in the active material of the recovered electrode mixture and making up for the deficiency, but it is also possible to add a predetermined amount. good.
- ICP emission spectroscopy can be used to measure the amount of metal elements in the electrode mixture. Mixing can be performed using, for example, a ball mill or a jet mill, but is not limited thereto.
- the mixture is fired at a temperature of, for example, 300 to 700°C (primary firing step (step S6)).
- This primary firing step removes components other than the active material (binder and conductive aid) contained in the original electrode mixture. If the treatment temperature is too low, components other than the active material will not be sufficiently removed. On the other hand, if the treatment temperature is too high, aggregation of the active material will be promoted.
- the processing temperature in the primary firing step is preferably 450°C or higher, more preferably 500°C or higher, and still more preferably 550°C or higher. Further, the temperature is preferably 650°C or lower.
- the primary firing step is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
- the primary firing step may be performed, for example, in an atmospheric atmosphere, and if the recovered active material contains Ni, it is preferable to use an atmosphere with a higher oxygen concentration than the atmospheric atmosphere, and the oxygen concentration is 100%. It can also be used as an atmosphere.
- the holding time at the processing temperature in the primary firing step is preferably 3 hours or more, and even more preferably 5 hours or more, in order to reduce residual binder and the like. On the other hand, if the holding time is too long, the efficiency will decrease.
- the holding time of the primary firing step is preferably 12 hours or less, more preferably 10 hours or less.
- the mixture is crushed (pulverization step (step S7)). Since the mixture after the primary firing step is partially agglomerated, this is crushed to increase the surface area. Further, by performing crushing after the binder and the like attached to the surface of the recovered active material are removed by the primary firing step, the active material and the metal compound can be mixed more uniformly.
- the crushing can be performed using, for example, a ball mill or a jet mill, but is not limited thereto.
- the processing temperature in the drying step (step S4) for drying the electrode mixture is increased to the processing temperature in the primary firing step (step S6), and the electrode mixture is dried. It is also possible to remove the binder and the like attached to the surface of the recovered active material in one process (drying/primary firing process (step S10 in FIG. 2)).
- the mixture after the crushing step is fired at a temperature of, for example, higher than the melting point of the metal compound and lower than 1000° C. (secondary firing step (step S8)).
- the active material is doped with the metal element of the metal compound, and the composition of the active material is regenerated to an appropriate state. If the treatment temperature is too low, the metal element will not diffuse sufficiently and the composition of the active material will not be regenerated to an appropriate state. On the other hand, if the treatment temperature is too high, aggregation of the active material will be promoted.
- the processing temperature in the secondary firing step is more preferably 800°C or higher, still more preferably 850°C or higher, and 950°C or lower.
- the processing temperature in the secondary firing step may be adjusted as appropriate depending on the type of metal compound (such as Li salt) used.
- the metal compound such as Li salt
- the metal compound is lithium carbonate (melting point: 723°C)
- the processing temperature can be lower than the above.
- the low melting point salt include lithium formate and lithium oxalate, which can be used alone or in combination with a high melting point salt such as lithium carbonate.
- the secondary firing step is preferably performed in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
- the secondary firing step may be performed, for example, in an atmospheric atmosphere, and if the recovered active material contains Ni, it is preferable to use an atmosphere with a higher oxygen concentration than the atmospheric atmosphere, and the oxygen concentration is 100%. % atmosphere.
- the holding time at the processing temperature in the secondary firing step is more preferably 12 hours or more, and even more preferably 15 hours or more. On the other hand, if the holding time is too long, the efficiency will decrease.
- the holding time in the secondary firing step is preferably 48 hours or less, more preferably 24 hours or less.
- the treatment temperature in the primary firing step (step S6) of the mixture of the electrode mixture and the metal compound is changed from the treatment temperature in the secondary firing step (step S8) (e.g., metal
- the active material is raised to a temperature above the melting point of the compound and below 1000°C), and the removal of binder etc. attached to the surface of the recovered active material and the doping of the active material with the metal element of the metal compound are performed in one process (batch firing process (see Figure 3). It is also possible to carry out step S13)).
- step S9 the mixture after the secondary firing process is classified. For example, sieve to remove coarse particles. Note that, if necessary, a step of crushing the mixture may be provided before classification.
- the manufactured electrode active material can be used as a material for an electrode of a secondary battery in the same way as a new electrode active material.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing an electrode active material according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- This method for producing an electrode active material replaces the steps from step S4 to step S7 (drying step, mixing step, primary firing step, and crushing step) of the first embodiment (FIG. 1) with the drying/primary firing step (step S10), a crushing step (step S11), and a mixing step (step S12).
- the processing temperature in the drying step (step S4 (FIG. 1)) in the first embodiment is changed from the processing temperature in the primary firing step (step S6 (FIG. 1)) (for example, 300 to 700 °C), drying the electrode mixture and removing binder etc. attached to the surface of the recovered active material in one step.
- the treatment temperature in the drying/primary firing step may be raised all at once to the treatment temperature in the primary firing step (for example, 300 to 700°C), or after being maintained at the drying temperature (for example, below 300°C) in the primary firing step.
- the temperature may be raised to the processing temperature.
- the electrode mixture treated in the drying/primary firing step (step S10) is processed in the same manner as in the crushing step (step S7 (FIG. 1)) in the first embodiment.
- a metal compound is added to and mixed with the crushed electrode mixture (step S12). Note that the crushing step (step S11) may be omitted.
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for manufacturing an electrode active material according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- This electrode active material manufacturing method replaces the steps from step S6 to step S8 (primary firing step, crushing step, and secondary firing step) of the first embodiment (FIG. 1) with a batch firing step (step S13). It has been replaced with .
- the treatment temperature of the primary firing step (step S6 (FIG. 1)) in the first embodiment is changed to the treatment temperature of the secondary firing step (step S8 (FIG. 1)) (for example, a metal compound). (1000° C. or higher), removing binders and the like attached to the surface of the recovered active material, and doping the active material with the metal element of the metal compound in one step.
- the crushing step (step S7 (FIG. 1)) between the primary firing step and the secondary firing step is omitted.
- the processing temperature in the batch firing step may be raised all at once to the processing temperature in the secondary firing step (for example, above the melting point of the metal compound and below 1000°C), or once the processing temperature in the primary firing step (for example, 300 to 700°C) is increased. After the temperature is maintained, the temperature may be raised to the processing temperature in the secondary firing step.
- a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an electrode including an electrode active material manufactured by the method for manufacturing an electrode active material described above.
- the electrode active material manufactured by the method for manufacturing an electrode active material described above can be used as a material for an electrode of a secondary battery in the same way as a new electrode active material. Therefore, the electrode of the secondary battery according to this embodiment can be manufactured according to a conventional method. Specifically, for example, an electrode is manufactured by adding a binder, a conductive aid, a solvent, etc. to an electrode active material to prepare an electrode mixture paste, and applying this paste to a current collector and then drying it. be able to.
- the electrode mixture is peeled off from the current collector.
- the rate of metal elution from the active material increases even after the electrode mixture is replaced with a neutral dispersion medium.
- the electrode mixture is neutralized after being immersed in an alkaline aqueous solution, thereby reducing the elution rate of metal from the active material. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the crystal structure of the active material from changing during recovery, and through regeneration treatment, it is possible to obtain an electrode active material with excellent reusable properties.
- the method for manufacturing an electrode active material according to this embodiment is applicable regardless of the type of binder in the electrode mixture. Furthermore, since no organic solvent is used or the amount used can be reduced, the environmental burden can be reduced. Furthermore, the current collector after separating the electrode mixture can also be recycled as a resource.
- step S5 to S9 a method of mixing the electrode mixture and the metal compound to form a mixture and performing two-stage firing. According to this method, the recovered electrode active material and the metal element can be efficiently reacted. Furthermore, since no organic solvent is used or the amount used can be reduced, the environmental burden can be reduced.
- this regeneration method is just one example, and the method including the step of immersing the electrode in an alkaline aqueous solution (step S1) and the step of neutralizing the electrode mixture (step S2) may be combined with other regeneration methods. It is possible.
- the recovered and regenerated electrode active material is LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 .
- an electrode (a positive electrode using polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder) recovered from a used secondary battery was immersed in an alkaline aqueous solution or the like, and the electrode mixture was peeled off from the aluminum foil current collector.
- Table 1 shows the results of tests conducted under different immersion conditions.
- the electrode mixture could be peeled off from the current collector by immersing the electrode in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution or a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution with a pH of 13.5 to 13.7 for 5 minutes. . No. 1 and no.
- test No. 2 there was no need to perform any treatment other than the dipping step, such as applying force with a spatula or the like to scrape off the electrode mixture, and the electrode mixture was naturally peeled off in the stripping solution. Therefore, the electrode mixture and the current collector could be easily separated and collected separately.
- NMP is usually used as a solvent when turning the mixture into a paint, so it is necessary to use a solvent when peeling the electrode mixture from the current collector.
- NMP is also commonly used for this purpose, and in fact, the electrode mixture can be easily peeled off with NMP from unused electrodes.
- NMP is used to remove the electrode mixture from the current collector. It becomes very difficult to peel it off.
- the joint between the current collector (aluminum foil) and polyvinylidene fluoride is transformed by the chemical reaction that accompanies charging and discharging the battery, resulting in a structure that does not dissolve in NMP. Presumed.
- the electrode mixture can be easily peeled off and recovered from the current collector.
- an alkaline aqueous solution as the stripping solution, particularly an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution
- the pH is preferably about 13.0 to 14.0
- the immersion time is It can be seen that about 1 to 10 minutes is preferable.
- the alkaline aqueous solution was removed by decantation.
- the electrode mixture was dispersed in water, and while stirring, a 1M aqueous sulfuric acid solution was added until the pH became 7.0 or less. After maintaining the pH at 7.0 or less for 1 minute, the electrode mixture was separated from the dispersion by filtration. Thereafter, the electrode mixture was washed by repeating stirring in water and filtration twice. The washed electrode mixture was dried at 60° C. for 5 hours.
- the amount of Li in the electrode mixture after drying was measured, and lithium carbonate was added to 100 parts by mass of the electrode mixture so that x of Li x Ni 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 was 1. 6.2 parts by mass was added. That is, lithium carbonate was added in an amount such that when the entire amount reacted with the active material in the electrode mixture in the subsequent firing treatment, the molar ratio x of Li in the active material was 1.
- This was mixed in a ball mill for 0.5 hours.
- This mixture was subjected to primary firing at 600° C. for 5 hours in an air atmosphere.
- the mixture after the primary firing was crushed in a ball mill for 0.5 hours. Secondary firing was performed on the crushed mixture in an air atmosphere at 900°C for 15 hours. After the secondary firing, the mixture was sieved to remove coarse particles of 100 ⁇ m or more to produce an electrode active material.
- Electrode sheet was produced from the produced electrode active material.
- the following electrode active materials were manufactured. That is, the electrode active material (A) was produced in the same manner as the electrode active material (B2) except that the firing step was only the primary firing and the secondary firing step (step S8) was omitted. Further, an electrode active material (hereinafter referred to as "fired product") was produced in the same manner as the electrode active material (B2) except that lithium carbonate was not added to the recovered active material and the step S5 was omitted. In addition, the electrode active material (B2) was used except that alkaline immersion, neutralization, washing, and drying (steps S1 to S4) were performed, and addition of lithium carbonate and baking (steps S5 to S8) were omitted.
- An electrode active material (hereinafter referred to as “neutralized product”) was produced in the same manner as above. Further, an electrode active material (hereinafter referred to as “alkali-treated product”) was manufactured from the neutralized product by omitting the neutralization step (step S2). Electrode sheets were produced using each electrode active material.
- FIG. 4 shows the charging and discharging curves (discharge rate is 0.05C) during the initial charging and discharging of each electrode sheet of the fired product, the neutralized product, and the alkali-treated product.
- FIG. 5 is a discharge curve when the discharge rate is 0.02C. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the alkali-treated and neutralized products did not work even at extremely low rates, whereas the fired products were active and usable, although the Li content ratio was not adjusted. It was confirmed.
- FIG. 6 shows the charging and discharging curves of each electrode sheet during initial charging and discharging.
- FIG. 7 shows the charging and discharging curves of each electrode sheet during the second charging and discharging.
- Table 2 shows the efficiency during the first charge and discharge (ratio of the first discharge capacity to the first charge capacity), and Table 3 shows the efficiency during the second charge and discharge (the ratio of the second discharge capacity to the second charge capacity).
- electrode active materials (C) and (D) were manufactured in the same manner as electrode active materials (A) and (B2), except that the neutralization step (step S2) was omitted, and Each electrode sheet was produced in the same manner, and the influence of the neutralization treatment on the characteristics of the electrode active material was investigated. Measure the charge/discharge curve of each electrode to determine the discharge capacity and efficiency (ratio of initial discharge capacity to initial charge capacity) during initial charge/discharge, and compare the measured values of each electrode with those of the neutralized electrode. The values are shown in Table 4 as relative values, with the values of active materials (A) and (B2) each being 100.
- the electrode active materials (A) and (B2) which were neutralized after the electrode mixture was peeled off, had a lower level of electrode active material than the electrode active materials (C) and (D), which were not neutralized.
- the paint had excellent dispersibility and storage stability when preparing the paste, and the electrodes were easy to manufacture. In addition, the discharge capacity and charging/discharging efficiency were improved, and it had excellent characteristics as a recycled material.
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Abstract
Description
[第1の実施態様]
図1は、本発明の実施形態の第1の実施態様による電極活物質の製造方法のフロー図である。本実施形態による電極活物質の製造方法は、電極をアルカリ水溶液に浸漬し、電極合剤を集電体から剥離する工程(ステップS1)、剥離した電極合剤を中和する工程(ステップS2)、中和した電極合剤を洗浄する工程(ステップS3)、洗浄した電極合剤を乾燥する工程(ステップS4)、電極合剤と金属化合物とを混合して混合体にする工程(ステップS5)、混合体を300~700℃の温度で焼成する一次焼成工程(ステップS6)、一次焼成工程後の混合体を解砕する解砕工程(ステップS7)、解砕工程後の混合体を金属化合物の融点以上1000℃以下の温度で焼成する二次焼成工程(ステップS8)、及び二次焼成工程後の混合体を分級する工程(ステップS9)を備えている。
図2は、本発明の実施形態の第2の実施態様による電極活物質の製造方法のフロー図である。この電極活物質の製造方法は、第1の実施態様(図1)のステップS4からステップS7までの工程(乾燥工程、混合工程、一次焼成工程及び解砕工程)を、乾燥・一次焼成工程(ステップS10)、解砕工程(ステップS11)及び混合工程(ステップS12)に置き換えたものである。
図3は、本発明の実施形態の第3の実施態様による電極活物質の製造方法のフロー図である。この電極活物質の製造方法は、第1の実施態様(図1)のステップS6からステップS8までの工程(一次焼成工程、解砕工程及び二次焼成工程)を、一括焼成工程(ステップS13)に置き換えたものである。
本発明の実施形態による二次電池は、上述した電極活物質の製造方法によって製造された電極活物質を含む電極を備える。
Claims (10)
- 使用後の二次電池の電極に含まれる使用済みの活物質を再生して再利用可能な電極活物質を製造する方法であって、前記電極は、集電体、及び前記集電体の上に形成され、前記活物質を含む電極合剤を備え、
前記電極をアルカリ水溶液に浸漬し、前記電極合剤を前記集電体から剥離する工程と、
前記剥離した電極合剤を中和する工程と、を備える、電極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電極活物質の製造方法であって、
前記電極合剤と金属化合物とを混合して混合体にする工程と、
前記混合体を300~700℃の温度で焼成する一次焼成工程と、
前記一次焼成工程後の前記混合体を解砕する解砕工程と、
前記解砕工程後の前記混合体を前記金属化合物の融点以上1000℃以下の温度で焼成する二次焼成工程と、をさらに備える、電極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電極活物質の製造方法であって、
前記電極合剤を300~700℃の温度で焼成する乾燥・一次焼成工程と、
前記乾燥・一次焼成工程後の前記電極合剤と金属化合物とを混合して混合体にする工程と、
前記混合体を前記金属化合物の融点以上1000℃以下の温度で焼成する二次焼成工程と、をさらに備える、電極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電極活物質の製造方法であって、
前記電極合剤と金属化合物とを混合して混合体にする工程と、
前記混合体を前記金属化合物の融点以上1000℃以下の温度で焼成する一括焼成工程と、をさらに備える、電極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電極活物質の製造方法であって、
前記アルカリ水溶液のpHが12.0以上である、電極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電極活物質の製造方法であって、
前記アルカリ水溶液に浸漬する時間が1~10分である、電極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電極活物質の製造方法であって、
前記アルカリ水溶液が、水酸化ナトリウムの水溶液又は水酸化カリウムの水溶液である、電極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の電極活物質の製造方法であって、
前記電極活物質が、リチウム複合酸化物である、電極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の電極活物質の製造方法によって製造された電極活物質を用いて電極を製造する工程を備える、二次電池の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の電極活物質の製造方法によって製造された電極活物質を含む電極を備える、二次電池。
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| EP23860333.6A EP4583246A4 (en) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-29 | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ACTIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SECONDARY BATTERIES AND SECONDARY BATTERIES |
| CN202380057617.4A CN119731840A (zh) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-29 | 电极活性物质的制造方法、二次电池的制造方法以及二次电池 |
| JP2024544279A JP7766309B2 (ja) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-29 | 電極活物質の製造方法、二次電池の製造方法及び二次電池 |
| US18/996,652 US20260028693A1 (en) | 2022-09-01 | 2023-08-29 | Method of manufacturing electrode active material, method of manufacturing secondary battery, and secondary battery |
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| CN104282961B (zh) * | 2013-07-02 | 2016-12-28 | 万向A一二三系统有限公司 | 一种废旧磷酸铁锂动力电池的处理方法 |
| CN107317064A (zh) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-11-03 | 中南大学 | 一种废旧锂电池的回收方法 |
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| WO2025204706A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-28 | 2025-10-02 | 住友化学株式会社 | リサイクル正極活物質の製造方法 |
| JP2025152448A (ja) * | 2024-03-28 | 2025-10-09 | 住友化学株式会社 | リサイクル正極活物質の製造方法 |
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