WO2024049237A1 - 비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 - Google Patents
비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024049237A1 WO2024049237A1 PCT/KR2023/012990 KR2023012990W WO2024049237A1 WO 2024049237 A1 WO2024049237 A1 WO 2024049237A1 KR 2023012990 W KR2023012990 W KR 2023012990W WO 2024049237 A1 WO2024049237 A1 WO 2024049237A1
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07C265/00—Derivatives of isocyanic acid
- C07C265/14—Derivatives of isocyanic acid containing at least two isocyanate groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/002—Inorganic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium secondary battery containing the same.
- the film formed on the anode/cathode surfaces or the electrode surface structure deteriorates due to side reactions that occur due to deterioration of the electrolyte, and transition metal ions are eluted from the anode surface. It can be. In this way, the eluted transition metal ions are electro-deposed on the cathode and reduce the passivation ability of SEI, causing the problem of deterioration of the cathode.
- This deterioration phenomenon of the secondary battery tends to accelerate as the potential of the anode increases or when the battery is exposed to high temperatures, and the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery deteriorate due to the deterioration phenomenon.
- the present invention seeks to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte that can suppress deterioration of the positive electrode and reduce side reactions between the positive electrode and the electrolyte.
- the present invention seeks to provide a lithium secondary battery with improved high-temperature cycle characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics and improved overall performance by including the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additive, wherein the additive includes a compound represented by the following formula (1) and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB), , the organic solvent provides a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene propionate (EP), and propyl propionate (PP).
- the additive includes a compound represented by the following formula (1) and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB)
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- the organic solvent provides a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene propionate (EP), and propyl propionate (PP).
- n is an integer from 3 to 10.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention contains the compound represented by Formula 1 and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB), thereby suppressing the decomposition of lithium salt and suppressing the collapse of the positive electrode caused by by-products such as HF. You can. In addition, deterioration of the cathode can be prevented by suppressing the decline in the passivation ability of SEI at high temperatures.
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- the combination of the diisocyanate-based compound of Formula 1 and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate can stabilize the electrolyte and suppress the decomposition reaction of carbonate-based solvents and propionate-based solvents.
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- ethyl propionate (EP) and propyl propionate (PP) The reactivity with oxygen desorbed from the cathode material is low, and carbon dioxide, an oxidizing gas, is suppressed.
- a lithium secondary battery containing the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention can suppress gas generation at high temperatures.
- using the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention it is possible to implement a lithium secondary battery with improved overall performance by suppressing transition metal elution from the positive electrode and maintaining high high-temperature durability, thereby improving high-temperature cycle characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics.
- alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms refers to an alkylene group containing carbon atoms having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, i.e. -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -, - CH 2 (CH 3 )CH-, -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 - and -CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 -.
- substitution means that at least one hydrogen bonded to carbon is replaced with an element other than hydrogen, for example, an alkyl group with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkene with 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Nyl group alkynyl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxy group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, heterocycloalkyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, hetero of 3 to 12 carbon atoms Cycloalkenyl group, aryloxy group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, halogen atom, fluoroalkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, nitro group, aryl group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, heteroaryl group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms It means substituted with a haloaryl group, etc.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additive, and the additive includes a compound represented by the following formula (1) and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB), and the organic solvent is ethylene. It may include non-aqueous electrolytes including carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene propionate (EP), and propyl propionate (PP).
- EC carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- EP ethylene propionate
- PP propyl propionate
- n may be an integer of 3 to 10, and preferably, n in Formula 1 may be an integer of 3 to 8.
- the compound of Formula 1 is a compound in which an isocyanate group is substituted at the terminal portion, and can stabilize the lithium salt by forming a complex with the lithium salt, thereby suppressing the generation of by-products such as HF.
- the elution of transition metals, especially cobalt, from the anode can be suppressed.
- transition metal elution from the anode is suppressed, deterioration of the anode is suppressed, and thus cycle characteristics and storage characteristics can be improved. Since deterioration of the anode becomes more severe as the temperature increases, cycle characteristics and storage characteristics at high temperatures can be improved by using the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention.
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- the compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in an amount of 0.1 parts by weight to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 parts by weight to 3 parts by weight, more preferably, based on 100 parts by weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte. It may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 2 parts by weight.
- the content of the compound represented by Formula 1 satisfies the above range, the effect of suppressing the elution of transition metals from the anode is sufficient, resulting in excellent lifespan characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics at high temperatures.
- lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte. , more preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 2 parts by weight.
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- the compound represented by Formula 1 and lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate are used at a weight ratio of 0.2:1 to 5:1, preferably 1:1 to 5:1. Most preferably, it may be included in a weight ratio of 1:1 to 3:1.
- the pH of the electrolyte becomes an appropriate range and decomposition of lithium salt is appropriately suppressed, so that transition metal elution, especially Co elution, can be suppressed when charging at high voltage or at high temperature.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention may contain lithium salt.
- the lithium salt is used as an electrolyte salt in a lithium secondary battery and is used as a medium to transfer ions.
- lithium salts include, for example, Li + as a cation, and F - , Cl - , Br - , I - , NO 3 - , N(CN) 2 - , BF 4 - , ClO 4 - as anions.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention may include LiPF 6 as a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt is LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiAlCl 4 , LiAlO 2 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCH 3 CO 2 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiCH 3 SO 3 , LiN(SO 2 F) 2 (lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide; LiFSI), LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 (lithium bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide ; LiBETI) and LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide; LiTFSI).
- lithium salts commonly used in the electrolyte of lithium secondary batteries can be used without limitation.
- the lithium salt can be appropriately changed within the range commonly available, but in order to obtain the optimal effect of forming an anti-corrosion film on the electrode surface, the concentration in the electrolyte is 0.5 M to 5.0 M, preferably 1.0 M to 3.0 M. It may be included at a concentration, more preferably at a concentration of 1.2 M to 2.0 M. When the concentration of the lithium salt satisfies the above range, the effect of improving cycle characteristics during high temperature storage of a lithium secondary battery is sufficient, and the viscosity of the non-aqueous electrolyte is appropriate, so that electrolyte impregnation can be improved.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention may contain organic solvents including ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene propionate (EP), and propyl propionate (PP). More preferably, the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention may include an organic solvent consisting of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene propionate (EP), and propyl propionate (PP).
- organic solvents including ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene propionate (EP), and propyl propionate (PP).
- the ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) are high-viscosity organic solvents and have a high dielectric constant, so they can easily dissociate lithium salts in the electrolyte.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention can provide a non-aqueous electrolyte with sufficient ionic conductivity by containing ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene propionate (EP), and propyl propionate (PP).
- ethylene carbonate EC
- propylene carbonate PC
- ethylene propionate EP
- propyl propionate PP
- the organic solvent included in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention may be composed of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene propionate (EP), and propyl propionate (PP).
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention includes other organic solvents such as fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1,2-butylene carbonate, 2,3-butylene carbonate, 1,2-pentylene carbonate, and 2,3-pentylene carbonate. and at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of vinylene carbonate.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- 1,2-butylene carbonate 1,2-butylene carbonate
- 2,3-butylene carbonate 1,2-pentylene carbonate
- 2,3-pentylene carbonate 1,2-pentylene carbonate
- 2,3-pentylene carbonate 1,2-pentylene carbonate
- 2,3-pentylene carbonate 1,2-pentylene carbonate
- 2,3-pentylene carbonate 1,2-pentylene carbonate
- 2,3-pentylene carbonate 1,2-pentylene carbonate
- 2,3-pentylene carbonate 1,2-pentylene carbonate
- vinylene carbonate 1,2-
- the organic solvent can be used by adding organic solvents commonly used in non-aqueous electrolytes without limitation, if necessary.
- it may further include at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of an ether-based organic solvent, a glyme-based solvent, and a nitrile-based organic solvent.
- the ether-based solvents include dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), and 2,2-bis (trifluoromethyl )-1,3-dioxolane (TFDOL) or a mixture of two or more of these may be used, but are not limited thereto.
- the glyme-based solvent has a high dielectric constant and low surface tension compared to linear carbonate-based organic solvents, and is a solvent with low reactivity with metals, such as dimethoxyethane (glyme, DME), diethoxyethane, diglyme, It may include, but is not limited to, at least one selected from the group consisting of triglyme and tetra-glyme (TEGDME).
- DME dimethoxyethane
- TEGDME tetra-glyme
- the nitrile-based solvents include acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile, 2-fluorobenzonitrile, and 4-fluorobenzonitrile. , difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile, and 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile, but is not limited thereto.
- non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is used to prevent decomposition of the non-aqueous electrolyte in a high-power environment and cause cathode collapse, or to further improve low-temperature high-rate discharge characteristics, high-temperature stability, overcharge prevention, and battery expansion inhibition effects at high temperatures.
- known electrolyte additives may be additionally included in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- electrolyte additives include cyclic carbonate-based compounds, halogen-substituted carbonate-based compounds, sultone-based compounds, sulfate-based compounds, phosphate-based compounds, borate-based compounds, nitrile-based compounds, benzene-based compounds, amine-based compounds, and silane-based compounds. It may include at least one SEI film forming additive selected from the group consisting of compounds and lithium salt compounds.
- the cyclic carbonate-based compound may include vinylene carbonate (VC) or vinylethylene carbonate.
- the halogen-substituted carbonate-based compound may include fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC).
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- the sultone-based compounds include 1,3-propane sultone (PS), 1,4-butane sultone, ethenesultone, 1,3-propene sultone (PRS), 1,4-butene sultone, and 1-methyl-1,3 -At least one compound selected from the group consisting of propene sultone.
- the sulfate-based compound may include ethylene sulfate (Esa), trimethylene sulfate (TMS), or methyl trimethylene sulfate (MTMS).
- Esa ethylene sulfate
- TMS trimethylene sulfate
- MTMS methyl trimethylene sulfate
- the phosphate-based compounds include lithium difluoro(bisoxalato)phosphate, lithium difluorophosphate, tetramethyl trimethyl silyl phosphate, trimethyl silyl phosphite, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate, and tris.
- One or more compounds selected from the group consisting of (trifluoroethyl) phosphite may be mentioned.
- the borate-based compounds include tetraphenyl borate, lithium oxalyldifluoroborate (LiODFB), and lithium bisoxalate borate (LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 , LiBOB).
- the nitrile-based compounds include succinonitrile, adiponitrile, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, valeronitrile, caprylonitrile, heptanenitrile, cyclopentane carbonitrile, cyclohexane carbonitrile, and 2-fluorobenzo. At least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile, 4-fluorobenzonitrile, difluorobenzonitrile, trifluorobenzonitrile, phenylacetonitrile, 2-fluorophenylacetonitrile, and 4-fluorophenylacetonitrile Compounds may be mentioned.
- the benzene-based compound may include fluorobenzene
- the amine-based compound may include triethanolamine or ethylene diamine
- the silane-based compound may include tetravinylsilane.
- the lithium salt-based compound is a compound different from the lithium salt contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte and may include lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP), LiPO 2 F 2 or LiBF 4 .
- LiDFP lithium difluorophosphate
- LiPO 2 F 2 LiPO 2 F 2
- LiBF 4 lithium difluorophosphate
- the other electrolyte additives may be used in combination of two or more types, and may be included in an amount of 0.050 to 20% by weight, specifically 0.10 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the non-aqueous electrolyte, and preferably 0.30 to 10% by weight. It can be.
- the content of the other electrolyte additives satisfies the above range, the effect of improving ion conductivity and cycle characteristics is more excellent.
- the present invention also provides a lithium secondary battery containing the above non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the non-aqueous electrolyte described above.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured according to a common method known in the art.
- the anode, the cathode, and the separator between the anode and the cathode are sequentially stacked to form an electrode assembly, and then the electrode assembly can be manufactured by inserting the inside of the battery case and injecting the non-aqueous electrolyte according to the present invention. .
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention has an upper limit of operating voltage of 4.47V or more and can be driven at high voltage.
- the upper limit voltage of the operating voltage means a charging end voltage when charging and discharging a lithium secondary battery, for example, a cutoff voltage under CC-CV charging conditions.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is characterized by a small amount of Co elution even when driven at high voltage. Specifically, the lithium secondary battery of the present invention can satisfy the following equation (1).
- Equation (1) D t /D 0 ⁇ 5
- D t is the amount of Co eluted from the non-aqueous electrolyte measured after storing the lithium secondary battery at high temperature at 85°C for 8 hours
- D 0 is the amount of Co eluted from the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium secondary battery before high temperature storage.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention may have a D t /D 0 value of 1.5 or more and 3.5 or less, and most preferably 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is characterized in that its pH does not become excessively acidic even when driven at high voltage.
- the pH of the non-aqueous electrolyte measured after being stored at 60°C for one week may be greater than 4, and preferably the pH may be 4.2 to 5.
- the positive electrode can be manufactured by coating a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent on a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it is conductive without causing chemical changes in the battery, and for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or carbon on the surface of aluminum or stainless steel. , surface treated with nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can be used.
- the positive electrode active material is a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium, and may specifically include lithium metal oxide containing lithium and one or more metals such as cobalt, manganese, nickel, or aluminum.
- the lithium metal oxide is lithium-manganese-based oxide (for example, LiMnO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , etc.), lithium-cobalt-based oxide (for example, LiCoO 2, etc.), lithium-nickel-based oxide (for example, For example, LiNiO 2 etc.), lithium-nickel-manganese oxide (for example, LiNi 1-Y Mn Y O 2 (here, 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 1), LiMn 2-Z Ni Z O 4 (here , 0 ⁇ Z ⁇ 2), etc.), lithium-nickel-cobalt oxide (for example, LiNi 1-Y1 Co Y1 O 2 (where 0 ⁇ Y1 ⁇ 1), etc.), lithium-manganese-cobalt oxide Oxides (for example,
- the lithium metal oxide is LiCoO 2 , LiMnO 2 , LiNiO 2 , lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (for example, Li(Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/ 3 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.5 Mn 0.3 Co 0.2 )O 2 , Li(Ni 0.7 Mn 0.15 Co 0.15 )O 2 and Li(Ni 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 )O 2 etc.), or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (for example, Li (Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 )O 2 , etc.), and any one or a mixture of two or more of these may be used.
- the positive electrode active material may be lithium cobalt-based oxide represented by the following formula (2).
- M 1 includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Zr, Ti, Mg, Ta, Nb, Sr, W and Mo, 0.9 ⁇ a1 ⁇ 1.1, It may be 0 ⁇ x1 ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ 0.02.
- the positive electrode active material may be included in an amount of 60 to 99% by weight, preferably 70 to 99% by weight, and more preferably 80 to 98% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the binder is a component that assists in the bonding of the active material and the conductive material and the bonding to the current collector.
- binders examples include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene, and ethylene-propylene-diene. Monomers, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomers, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, various copolymers, etc.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 15% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding solvent in the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the conductive material is a component to further improve the conductivity of the positive electrode active material, and may be added in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of solids in the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- These conductive materials are not particularly limited as long as they are conductive without causing chemical changes in the battery. For example, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, or thermal black.
- Carbon powder such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, or graphite with a highly developed crystal structure
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber
- Fluorinated carbon powder such as aluminum powder and nickel powder
- Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 15% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the positive electrode mixture slurry.
- the solvent may include an organic solvent such as NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and may be used in an amount that achieves a desirable viscosity when including the positive electrode active material, and optionally a binder and a conductive material.
- concentration of solids including the positive electrode active material and optionally the binder and conductive material may be 50 to 95% by weight, preferably 70 to 95% by weight, and more preferably 70 to 90% by weight. .
- the negative electrode may be manufactured by coating a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent on a negative electrode current collector, or a graphite electrode made of carbon (C) or the metal itself may be used as the negative electrode.
- a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material, a binder, a conductive material, and a solvent on a negative electrode current collector, or a graphite electrode made of carbon (C) or the metal itself may be used as the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode current collector when a negative electrode is manufactured by coating a negative electrode mixture slurry on the negative electrode current collector, the negative electrode current collector generally has a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- This negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel. Surface treatment with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the bonding power of the negative electrode active material can be strengthened by forming fine irregularities on the surface, and can be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven materials.
- the negative electrode active material is lithium metal, a carbon material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, a metal or an alloy of these metals and lithium, a metal complex oxide, and a material capable of doping and dedoping lithium. It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of materials and transition metal oxides.
- any carbon-based anode active material commonly used in lithium ion secondary batteries can be used without particular restrictions, and representative examples include crystalline carbon, Amorphous carbon or a combination thereof can be used.
- the crystalline carbon include graphite such as amorphous, plate-shaped, flake, spherical or fibrous natural graphite or artificial graphite, and examples of the amorphous carbon include soft carbon (low-temperature calcined carbon).
- hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbide, calcined coke, etc. may be mentioned.
- Examples of the above metals or alloys of these metals and lithium include Cu, Ni, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, Al. and Sn, or an alloy of these metals and lithium may be used.
- the metal complex oxides include PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 , Bi 2 O 5 , Li x Fe 2 O 3 ( 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 ), Li x WO 2 ( 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 ) and Sn Pb, Ge; Me': A group consisting of Al, B, P, Si, elements of groups 1, 2, and 3 of the periodic table, halogen; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3; 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8) Any one selected from can be used.
- Materials capable of doping and dedoping lithium include Si, SiO It is an element selected from the group consisting of rare earth elements and combinations thereof, but not Si), Sn, SnO 2 , Sn-Y (Y is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, Group 13 element, Group 14 element, transition metal, rare earth elements selected from the group consisting of elements and combinations thereof, but not Sn), etc., and at least one of these may be mixed with SiO 2 .
- the element Y includes Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf, V, Nb, Ta, Db, Cr, Mo, W, Sg, Tc, Re, Bh, Fe, Pb, Ru, Os, Hs, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Sn, In, Ge, P, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, It may be selected from the group consisting of Te, Po, and combinations thereof.
- transition metal oxide examples include lithium-containing titanium complex oxide (LTO), vanadium oxide, and lithium vanadium oxide.
- the additive according to the present invention is particularly effective when Si or SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) is used as the negative electrode active material. Specifically, when using a Si-based anode active material, if a solid SEI layer is not formed on the anode surface during initial activation, the degradation of life characteristics is accelerated due to extreme volume expansion-contraction during the cycle. However, the additive according to the present invention can form a resilient yet robust SEI layer, thereby improving the lifespan and storage characteristics of a secondary battery using a Si-based anode active material.
- the negative electrode active material may be a mixture of graphite and SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
- the graphite and SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) may be included in a weight ratio of 97:3 to 90:10.
- the negative electrode active material may be included in an amount of 60 to 99% by weight, preferably 70 to 99% by weight, and more preferably 80 to 98% by weight, based on the total weight of solids in the negative electrode mixture slurry.
- binder examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, Examples include ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, sulfonated ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and various copolymers thereof. Specifically, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) can be used because of its high viscosity.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 15% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the anode mixture slurry.
- the conductive material is a component to further improve the conductivity of the negative electrode active material, and may be added in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of solids in the negative electrode mixture slurry.
- These conductive materials are not particularly limited as long as they are conductive without causing chemical changes in the battery. For example, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, or thermal black.
- Carbon powder such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, or graphite with a highly developed crystal structure
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber
- Fluorinated carbon powder such as aluminum powder and nickel powder
- Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate
- Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide
- Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the conductive material may be included in an amount of 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 15% by weight, and more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of solids excluding the solvent in the anode mixture slurry.
- the solvent may include an organic solvent such as water or NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), and may be used in an amount that provides a desirable viscosity when including the negative electrode active material, and optionally a binder and a conductive material. You can.
- the solid content including the negative electrode active material and optionally the binder and conductive material may be included so that the concentration is 50% by weight to 95% by weight, preferably 70% by weight to 90% by weight.
- metal itself When using metal itself as the negative electrode, it can be manufactured by physically bonding, rolling, or depositing the metal on the metal thin film itself or the negative electrode current collector.
- the deposition method may use electrical metal deposition or chemical vapor deposition.
- the metal to be bonded/rolled/deposited on the metal thin film itself or the negative electrode current collector is a group consisting of lithium (Li), nickel (Ni), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), and indium (In). It may include one type of metal or an alloy of two types of metals selected from.
- the separator includes typical porous polymer films conventionally used as separators, such as polyolefins such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene/butene copolymer, ethylene/hexene copolymer, and ethylene/methacrylate copolymer.
- a porous polymer film made of a polymer-based polymer can be used alone or by laminating them, or a conventional porous non-woven fabric, for example, a non-woven fabric made of high melting point glass fiber, polyethylene terephthalate fiber, etc., can be used, but is limited thereto. That is not the case.
- a coated separator containing ceramic components or polymer materials may be used to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, and may optionally be used in a single-layer or multi-layer structure.
- the separator included in the electrode assembly of the present invention may be a safety reinforced separator (SRS) separator formed with a coating layer containing a ceramic component or a polymer material to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength.
- SRS safety reinforced separator
- the separators included in the electrode assembly of the present invention include a porous separator substrate and a porous coating layer entirely coated on one or both sides of the separator substrate, and the coating layer includes a metal oxide, a metalloid oxide, a metal fluoride, It may include a mixture of inorganic particles selected from metal hydroxides and combinations thereof and a binder polymer that connects and fixes the inorganic particles to each other.
- the coating layer is made of inorganic particles Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , SrTiO 3 , BaTiO 3 , Mg(OH) 2 , and MgF.
- inorganic particles can improve the thermal stability of the separator. In other words, the inorganic particles can prevent the separator from shrinking at high temperatures.
- the binder polymer can improve the mechanical stability of the separator by fixing the inorganic particles.
- the external shape of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be a cylindrical shape using a can, a square shape, a pouch shape, or a coin shape.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- EP propyl propionate
- PP propyl propionate
- a non-aqueous solvent was prepared, and 0.5 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1 g of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) were added to 98.5 g of the non-aqueous solvent to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- Positive electrode active material LiCoO 2
- Conductive material carbon black
- Binder polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the positive electrode slurry was applied to one side of a positive electrode current collector (Al thin film) with a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and dried and roll pressed to prepare a positive electrode.
- conductive material carbon black
- binder polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the negative electrode slurry was applied to one side of a negative electrode current collector (Cu thin film) with a thickness of 15 ⁇ m, and dried and roll pressed to prepare a negative electrode.
- a secondary battery was manufactured by interposing a polyolefin-based porous separator coated with inorganic particles Al2O3 between the prepared anode and the cathode in a dry room, and then injecting the prepared non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1 g of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) were added to 98 g of the non-aqueous solvent prepared in Example 1.
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 2 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1 g of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) were added to 97 g of the non-aqueous solvent prepared in Example 1.
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 except that 0.5 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1 g of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) were added to 97.5 g of the non-aqueous solvent prepared in Example 1 to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 except that 2 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 0.5 g of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) were added to 97.5 g of the non-aqueous solvent prepared in Example 1 to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared with 100 g of the non-aqueous solvent prepared in Example 1.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.5 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate was added to 99.5 g of the non-aqueous solvent prepared in Example 1 to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1 g of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB) was added to 99 g of the non-aqueous solvent prepared in Example 1 to prepare a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- LiODFB lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by adding 0.5 g of hexamethylene diisocyanate and 1 g of lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiODFB).
- a secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as Example 1 above, except that the non-aqueous electrolyte was used.
- the Co elution amount D 0 was measured, and the Co elution amount D t was measured after storage at 85°C for 8 hours.
- the amount of Co elution was analyzed using ICP analysis for each of the batteries manufactured in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 before and after storage at 85°C for 8 hours.
- Example 1 2.40 Example 2 2.04 Example 3 1.76 Example 4 2.54 Example 5 1.56 Comparative Example 1 13.5 Comparative Example 2 6.3 Comparative Example 3 13.0 Comparative Example 4 7.8
- each of the batteries manufactured in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were charged to 4.5V at 45°C with a 0.5C constant current and discharged to 3.0V with a 0.5C constant current as one cycle, 200 cycles. After charging and discharging, the capacity maintenance rate compared to the initial capacity after one cycle was measured. The results are shown in Table 3 below.
- Examples 1 to 5 using a combination of the diisocyanate-based additive of Chemical Formula 1 and LiODFB are Comparative Example 1, which does not contain both the additive of Chemical Formula 1 and LiODFB, and Comparative Example 2, which does not contain LiODFB. And compared to the secondary battery of Comparative Example 3 that did not contain the additive of Chemical Formula 1, the capacity retention rate was high and the lifespan characteristics were excellent.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- EP ethylene propionate
- PP propyl propionate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- the secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were fully charged to 4.5V, respectively, and then stored at 85°C for 8 hours.
- the capacity of the fully charged secondary battery was measured and set to the capacity of the initial secondary battery.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- EP ethylene propionate
- PP propyl propionate
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
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Abstract
Description
| Dt/D0 | |
| 실시예 1 | 2.40 |
| 실시예 2 | 2.04 |
| 실시예 3 | 1.76 |
| 실시예 4 | 2.54 |
| 실시예 5 | 1.56 |
| 비교예 1 | 13.5 |
| 비교예 2 | 6.3 |
| 비교예 3 | 13.0 |
| 비교예 4 | 7.8 |
| pH | |
| 실시예 1 | 4.5 |
| 실시예 2 | 4.7 |
| 실시예 3 | 5.1 |
| 실시예 4 | 4.3 |
| 실시예 5 | 5.0 |
| 비교예 1 | 2.8 |
| 비교예 2 | 4.1 |
| 비교예 3 | 3.2 |
| 비교예 4 | 3.8 |
| 용량 유지율 (%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 93.2 |
| 실시예 2 | 91.8 |
| 실시예 3 | 89.3 |
| 실시예 4 | 93.0 |
| 실시예 5 | 90.1 |
| 비교예 1 | 85.6 |
| 비교예 2 | 86.8 |
| 비교예 3 | 87.1 |
| 비교예 4 | 85.7 |
| 용량 유지율 (%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 92.4 |
| 실시예 2 | 92.6 |
| 실시예 3 | 92.1 |
| 실시예 4 | 91.8 |
| 실시예 5 | 93.2 |
| 비교예 1 | 86.8 |
| 비교예 2 | 90.1 |
| 비교예 3 | 88.3 |
| 비교예 4 | 85.6 |
Claims (11)
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 화학식 1 의 n은 3 내지 8의 정수인 비수 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬염은 LiPF6를 포함하는 비수 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물을 비수 전해질 전체에 대하여 0.1 내지 5 중량%로 포함하는 비수 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 리튬 디플루오로(옥살레이토)보레이트(LiODFB)를 비수 전해질 전체에 대하여 0.1 내지 5 중량%로 포함하는 비수 전해질.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 화학식 1로 표시되는 화합물과 리튬 디플루오로(옥살레이토)보레이트(LiODFB)의 중량비가 0.2 : 1 내지 5 : 1인 비수 전해질.
- 양극;음극; 및청구항 1 내지 6 중 어느 하나의 비수 전해질을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지로서,작동 전압의 상한이 4.47V 이상인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 양극은 양극 활물질로서 리튬 코발트계 산화물을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 음극은 음극 활물질로서 흑연 및 SiOx(0≤x<2)를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 리튬 이차 전지는 하기 식 (1)을 만족하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지.식 (1) : Dt/D0 <5상기 식 (1)에서, Dt는 리튬 이차 전지를 85℃에서 8시간동안 고온 보관 후 측정한 비수 전해질 내 Co 용출량이고, D0는 고온 보관 전 리튬 이차 전지의 비수 전해질 내 Co 용출량임.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 리튬 이차 전지를 60℃에서 1주일 저장 후 측정한 비수 전해질의 pH가 4 초과인 리튬 이차 전지.
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| US18/865,545 US20250329781A1 (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | Non-Aqueous Electrolyte and Lithium Secondary Battery Including the Same |
| CA3257463A CA3257463A1 (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE AND SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY INCLUDING IT |
| JP2024564751A JP7852994B2 (ja) | 2022-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | 非水電解質およびそれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
| EP23860912.7A EP4510281A4 (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | NON-AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE AND SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERY INCLUDING IT |
| CN202380040433.7A CN119213601A (zh) | 2022-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | 非水电解质以及包括其的锂二次电池 |
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| KR1020230115213A KR102687677B1 (ko) | 2022-08-31 | 2023-08-31 | 비수 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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- 2023-08-31 WO PCT/KR2023/012990 patent/WO2024049237A1/ko not_active Ceased
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| JP2012182131A (ja) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-09-20 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 二次電池用非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池 |
| KR20130085256A (ko) * | 2012-01-19 | 2013-07-29 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
| KR20150022653A (ko) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-03-04 | 솔브레인 주식회사 | 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20250329781A1 (en) | 2025-10-23 |
| CA3257463A1 (en) | 2025-04-15 |
| JP2025516290A (ja) | 2025-05-27 |
| JP7852994B2 (ja) | 2026-04-28 |
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