WO2024054077A1 - 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 - Google Patents
배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024054077A1 WO2024054077A1 PCT/KR2023/013461 KR2023013461W WO2024054077A1 WO 2024054077 A1 WO2024054077 A1 WO 2024054077A1 KR 2023013461 W KR2023013461 W KR 2023013461W WO 2024054077 A1 WO2024054077 A1 WO 2024054077A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
- H02J7/82—Control of state of charge [SOC]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to battery management technology, and more specifically, to technology that can efficiently diagnose a battery and thereby improve the performance or protection effect of the battery.
- lithium secondary batteries have little memory effect compared to nickel-based secondary batteries, so they can be freely charged and discharged. It is receiving attention for its extremely low self-discharge rate and high energy density.
- batteries secondary batteries
- ESS energy storage systems
- Lithium secondary batteries mainly use lithium-based oxide and carbon material as positive and negative electrode active materials, respectively.
- the lithium secondary battery includes an electrode assembly in which a positive and negative electrode plate coated with the positive and negative electrode active materials are disposed with a separator in between, and an exterior material, that is, a battery case, that seals and stores the electrode assembly together with an electrolyte.
- lithium secondary batteries can be classified into can-type secondary batteries in which the electrode assembly is built into a metal can and pouch-type secondary batteries in which the electrode assembly is built in a pouch of an aluminum laminate sheet, depending on the shape of the exterior material.
- can-type secondary batteries can be divided into prismatic secondary batteries and cylindrical secondary batteries, depending on their shape.
- a plurality of secondary batteries are electrically connected to each other and stored together inside a module case (module housing) or pack case (pack housing), and can form a battery module or battery pack.
- each secondary battery included in the battery module or battery pack may be referred to as a battery cell.
- a representative technology for this is a battery pack or ESS that includes a control device such as a BMS (Battery Management System) to diagnose the battery and take related actions.
- BMS Battery Management System
- the present invention was created to solve the above problems, and includes a battery management device and method that can efficiently diagnose a battery and thereby improve battery performance or safety, and application devices such as a battery pack including the same.
- the purpose is to provide, etc.
- a battery management device for achieving the above object includes a measurement module that measures state information of a battery; and a control module configured to compare the status information measured by the measurement module with a multi-level diagnostic standard to determine the diagnostic stage of the battery and perform a processing operation corresponding to the determined diagnostic stage.
- the battery management device may further include a memory that stores the multi-level diagnostic criteria.
- control module may be configured to classify an abnormal state of the battery into a plurality of diagnostic steps.
- control module may be configured to determine the diagnostic stage for a plurality of diagnostic items.
- the battery is configured in the form of a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells
- the control module as the plurality of diagnostic items, diagnoses overvoltage for at least some battery cells among the plurality of battery cells or the entire battery pack. and low voltage diagnosis.
- control module may be configured to perform diagnosis including charging and discharging for at least one of the current and temperature of the battery as the plurality of diagnostic items.
- control module may be configured to perform, as the plurality of diagnostic items, including diagnosis of voltage imbalance between cells during charging and diagnosis of voltage imbalance between cells during rest.
- control module may be configured to change the diagnostic criteria for at least some of the plurality of diagnostic items according to diagnostic results of other diagnostic items.
- the measurement module may be configured to change the timing of measuring the state information of the battery for at least some of the plurality of diagnostic items according to the diagnosis results of other diagnostic items.
- control module may be configured to distinguish the processing operations based on whether or not automatic release is possible for different diagnostic stages.
- control module may be configured to divide the processing operations into limiting the output of the battery and blocking the output of the battery for different diagnostic stages.
- control module may be configured to divide the processing operations into providing warning signals and adjusting output for different diagnostic stages.
- a battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to the present invention.
- a vehicle according to another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to the present invention.
- a battery provision system includes a battery management device according to the present invention.
- a battery management method includes measuring state information of the battery; Comparing the measured state information with multi-level diagnostic criteria to determine the diagnostic level of the battery; and performing a processing operation corresponding to the diagnosis step determined in the determination step.
- more accurate diagnosis of the battery can be made possible and the monitoring function can be strengthened by subdividing the diagnostic criteria.
- the performance, safety, and protection effect of the battery can be further improved through each step of processing.
- preemptive response is possible through diagnosis such as warning stage or fault stage before the battery reaches an unusable or unrecoverable state such as failure. You can. Therefore, it is possible to suppress or delay the spread or expansion of a risk factor such as a fault or failure for the battery itself or a vehicle equipped with such a battery.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the functional configuration of a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a diagram schematically showing the multi-stage diagnosis configuration of a control module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a diagram schematically showing the multi-stage diagnosis configuration of a control module according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a table showing examples of diagnostic items by a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figures 5 and 6 are graphs showing voltage measurement results by diagnosis and control according to comparative examples and embodiments of the present invention.
- Figure 7 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of changes in diagnostic criteria according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 8 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of changes in diagnostic criteria according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 9 is a flowchart schematically showing a battery management method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing the functional configuration of a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the battery management device includes a measurement module 100 and a control module 200.
- the measurement module 100 may be configured to measure battery status information.
- the battery may be a concept including a battery cell representing a single secondary battery, a cell group including a plurality of such battery cells, a battery module, a battery pack, a battery rack, etc.
- Battery state information may include the internal state and/or external state of the battery.
- the measurement module 100 is the internal state of the battery, such as battery voltage, current, temperature, SOC (State Of Charge), internal resistance, SOH (State Of Health), charge/discharge state, rest state, and overvoltage.
- information such as overcurrent status and balancing status can be measured.
- the measurement module 100 may be equipped with various sensors such as a voltage sensor or a current sensor.
- the measurement module 100 may measure state information such as temperature, humidity, smoke, etc. around the battery as the external state of the battery.
- the measurement module 100 may be equipped with sensors such as a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a smoke sensor.
- the measurement module 100 may also be referred to as a sensor.
- the measurement module 100 can measure battery status information one-dimensionally by measuring voltage, current, temperature, etc. through a sensor. Additionally, the measurement module 100 may be capable of two-dimensional processing, such as calculation, on information obtained one-dimensionally. For example, the measurement module 100 calculates or estimates the state of the battery, such as SOC, internal resistance, SOH, and imbalance, based on state information such as voltage, current, and temperature, and provides state information of the battery. can be measured.
- the measurement module 100 may transmit the measured battery status information to the control module 200.
- the control module 200 may receive measured state information from the measurement module 100. Additionally, the control module 200 may perform battery diagnosis and/or control operations using the status information received in this way.
- control module 200 may be configured to compare status information measured by the measurement module 100 with diagnostic criteria. Additionally, the control module 200 may determine the diagnostic level of the battery based on the comparison result between the measurement information and the diagnostic criteria. In particular, the control module 200 may determine the diagnostic stage of the battery into multiple diagnostic stages. That is, the control module 200 can diagnose the battery in multiple stages. This will be described in more detail with additional reference to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the multi-stage diagnosis configuration of the control module 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the diagnosis stage is divided into five stages. Looking more specifically, there are five levels (Level 1 to 5) and each diagnostic stage corresponding to each level is divided into Normal, Warn1, Warn2, Fault, and Failure.
- Normal, Warn1, Warn2, Fault, and Failure can be referred to or interpreted as normal, warning, danger, defect, and failure, respectively, in that order, but of course, these names or meanings can be modified into various other forms. .
- the control module 200 may determine which diagnostic stage the battery to be diagnosed (target battery or diagnostic battery) belongs to among a plurality of diagnostic stages. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the control module 200 may determine that the battery to be diagnosed is in the Warn1 (warning) stage of level 2. Alternatively, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the control module 200 may determine that the battery to be diagnosed is in the Warn2 (critical) level of level 3.
- diagnostic criteria may be configured in a multi-stage form. And, through this multi-stage diagnosis standard, a multi-stage diagnosis of the battery can be performed.
- diagnostic criteria may have multiple reference values.
- the diagnostic criteria may have two or more reference values.
- the diagnostic criteria may have four or more reference values.
- R1, R2, R3, and R4 may be standards for distinguishing between the Normal stage and the Warn1 stage, between the Warn1 stage and the Warn2 stage, between the Warn2 stage and the Fault stage, and between the Fault stage and the Failure stage.
- each reference value R1, R2, R3, and R4 may be a value representing a specific numerical value or a value representing a specific range.
- the diagnostic steps can be divided into three or more. That is, the number of diagnostic steps may be one more than the number of reference values. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, since there are four reference values, the diagnostic steps can be divided into five.
- each diagnostic criterion is shown in a form that distinguishes two neighboring diagnostic stages, but this is only an example, and the diagnostic criteria may be prepared in various other forms.
- diagnostic criteria can be expressed as the range of each diagnostic step.
- a value of 0 to 1 is level 1 (Normal)
- a value of 1 to 2 is level 2 (Warn1)
- a value of 2 to 3 is level 3 (Warn2), 3 to 4.
- the diagnostic criteria can be set so that the value of is level 4 (Fault), and the value of 4 or higher is level 5 (Failure).
- control module 200 can perform multi-stage diagnosis into four diagnosis stages according to three diagnosis criteria.
- control module 200 may be configured to perform a processing operation corresponding to the determined diagnostic level.
- the corresponding processing operation may be implemented in various forms or ways.
- the control module 200 may transmit or store information about the diagnosis stage of the target battery to other components. For example, if the target battery has been diagnosed as being at the Warn1 (warning) level, the control module 200 may transmit information that the target battery has been diagnosed as being at the Warn1 (warning) level to other components.
- the other components may be components included inside the battery management device according to the present invention, or may be components included in another device existing outside the battery management device.
- the battery management device is a higher-level control system on the vehicle side, such as a VCU (Vehicle Control Unit) or ECU (Energy Control Unit), and the diagnostic step determined for the target battery. can be transmitted.
- VCU Vehicle Control Unit
- ECU Electronicgy Control Unit
- the control module 200 may transmit a diagnostic signal of the target battery using various wired or wireless communication configurations or methods. For example, the control module 200 may transmit information about the determined diagnostic stage of the target battery to the vehicle-side control system using CAN (Controller Area Network) communication. The control module 200 can define and transmit this diagnostic signal as a 4-bit signal. However, these diagnostic signals may be defined or delivered in various other ways.
- control module 200 may be configured to control the charging or discharging operation of the battery as a processing operation for the diagnosis stage of the target battery. At this time, the control module 200 can directly perform charge/discharge control for the target battery. Alternatively, the control module 200 may indirectly instruct or control other components located inside or outside the battery management device to perform charge/discharge control. In this case, as in the previously described embodiment, the control module 200 may transmit information about the diagnostic stage to other components and allow the corresponding components to perform charge/discharge control, etc.
- the control module 200 can perform processing operations for each of multiple diagnostic steps. At this time, the control module 200 may be configured to perform different processing operations for each diagnostic step. Additionally, the control module 200 may perform at least partially the same processing operations for different diagnostic steps. Additionally, processing operations by the control module 200 do not necessarily include only active operations and may also include passive operations. In particular, processing operations by the control module 200 may include not performing any control or communication.
- control module 200 may transmit the performed processing results to other components.
- diagnosis and management may be possible not only for a single battery cell, but also for units containing multiple battery cells, such as cell assemblies, battery modules, battery packs, battery racks, and energy storage systems. .
- the control module 200 includes, at least in part, processors, controllers, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), other chipsets, logic circuits, registers, communication modems, and data known in the art. Related operations or functions can be performed by selectively including a processing device, etc. Additionally, these operations may be implemented as software, in which case the program may be stored in internal or external memory. In this respect, the control module 200 may be replaced with terms such as processor, controller, or chipset. Additionally, at least some functions of the measurement module 100 may also be implemented using these known components.
- ASICs application-specific integrated circuits
- the control module 200 does not necessarily have to be physically integrated or located in the same location. For example, some functions of the control module 200 may be performed on the battery pack side, and other functions of the control module 200 may be performed on the vehicle side.
- control module 200 may be implemented by a battery management system (BMS), which is typically included in a battery pack or ESS.
- BMS battery management system
- at least a portion of the control module 200 may be implemented as included in a battery (battery pack).
- at least a portion of the control module 200 may be located outside the battery.
- at least some functions of the control module 200 may be implemented by a control device mounted in the vehicle, such as a VCU or ECU.
- the measurement module 100 may also be implemented as integrated or separate parts or components.
- the battery diagnosis device may further include a memory 300.
- the memory 300 may store diagnostic criteria in a multi-tiered form in advance. And, the control module 200 can access the memory 300 and read the stored diagnostic criteria. In addition, the memory 300 may store various data or programs necessary for each component of the battery management device according to the present invention, such as the measurement module 100 and/or the control module 200, to perform its functions. .
- the memory 300 may be implemented in an integrated form with other components included in the battery management device, such as a component functioning as the control module 200.
- the memory 300 may be implemented as an internal memory provided to a processor functioning as the control module 200.
- the type of the memory 300 is a storage medium capable of recording and erasing information.
- the memory 300 may be implemented as RAM, ROM, register, hard disk, optical recording medium, or magnetic recording medium.
- diagnostic criteria may be provided from components that exist outside the battery management device.
- diagnostic criteria may be provided to the control module 200 from a higher level system of the battery management device, such as the vehicle side.
- the diagnostic criteria may be provided to the control module 200 from a battery provision system communicatively connected to the battery management device, such as a battery charging system or a battery exchange system.
- the memory 300 may temporarily store the provided diagnostic criteria.
- the memory 300 may be a volatile memory such as RAM.
- control module 200 may be configured to classify an abnormal state of the battery into a plurality of diagnostic stages. That is, the control module 200 may be configured to diagnose the battery into a normal state and an abnormal state, and to diagnose the abnormal state by subdividing it into two or more stages.
- the control module 200 is in an abnormal state rather than a normal state with respect to the battery, at least among the Warn1 stage, Warn2 stage, Fault stage, and Failure stage. It can be configured to diagnose by dividing it into two or more stages. In a more specific embodiment, the control module 200 may diagnose an abnormal state of the battery by dividing it into four stages (Warn1/Warn2/Fault/Failure). As another example, the control module 200 integrates the Warn1 stage and the Warn2 stage into one such as the Warn stage in the embodiment of FIG. 2, dividing the abnormal state of the battery into a total of three stages (Warn/Fault/Failure). It can be configured to diagnose.
- multiple abnormal stages diagnosed by the control module 200 may be classified according to the degree of abnormality.
- multi-level diagnostic criteria can be arranged in the order of increasing severity from normal to abnormal situations.
- the Warn1 stage, Warn2 stage, Fault stage, and Failure stage may all be diagnostic stages indicating an abnormal situation of the battery.
- the Warn1 stage may be located immediately following the Normal stage.
- the Warn2 stage, Fault stage, and Failure stage may be located sequentially.
- the order listed sequentially in a direction gradually moving away from the normal state is Warn1 stage, Warn2 stage, Fault stage, and Failure stage.
- the Warn1 stage represents the state in which the degree of abnormality in the battery is the weakest
- the Failure stage represents the state in which the degree of abnormality in the battery is the most serious.
- the Warn1 stage and Warn2 stage may be stages given when the normal use range of the battery is exceeded, but the situation is not serious. Additionally, the Warn1 stage may indicate a state with a relatively lower degree of abnormality than the Warn2 stage. In other words, it can be said that the Warn1 stage represents the earliest abnormal state among several abnormal stages.
- the Warn1 stage may be a diagnostic stage determined when a defect is likely to occur if the battery or related parts continuously maintain the corresponding state.
- the Warn2 stage may be a diagnostic stage determined when there is a high possibility of a defect occurring if the battery or related components continuously maintain the corresponding state.
- the Warn1 stage may be referred to as a warning stage
- the Warn2 stage may be referred to as a risk stage.
- the Fault stage and Failure stage can be said to represent a state with a more severe degree of abnormality than the Warn1 stage and Warn2 stage.
- the Fault stage may be a diagnostic stage determined when a defect in the battery or related parts has already occurred and the state is continuously maintained, and there is a very high possibility that a failure of the battery or related devices or parts will occur. .
- the Failure stage is when the battery or related parts have already failed, when the battery, etc. can no longer be used, when normal recovery is not possible, when use of the battery, etc. must be discontinued immediately, or when inspection at a service center is required. This may be a diagnostic step determined in the most serious situations, such as when necessary.
- the Fault stage may be referred to as a defect stage
- the Failure stage may be referred to as a failure stage.
- the diagnostic criteria may include a plurality of reference values, that is, a first reference value (R1), a second reference value (R2), a third reference value (R3), and a fourth reference value (R4).
- the first reference value (R1), the second reference value (R2), the third reference value (R3), and the fourth reference value (R4) are between the normal stage and the Warn1 stage, between the Warn1 stage and the Warn2 stage, and between the Warn2 stage and the Fault stage. It may be a reference value for distinguishing between the Fault stage and the Failure stage.
- first reference value (R1), the second reference value (R2), the third reference value (R3), and the fourth reference value (R4) may be configured in a form in which the numerical value gradually increases or decreases.
- the numerical value for each reference value may be configured as R1 ⁇ R2 ⁇ R3 ⁇ R4, or R1>R2>R3>R4.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the multi-stage diagnosis configuration of the control module 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the abnormal state of the battery may be located in both directions relative to the normal state.
- various diagnostic steps are arranged in a vertical direction.
- the vertical arrangement of each diagnostic stage may be made according to the height of the numerical value. In other words, it may mean that the specific value is higher towards the upper side, and the specific value is lower towards the lower side.
- Warn1 stage, Warn2 stage, Fault stage, and Failure stage may be sequentially placed on both sides of the Normal stage, respectively. That is, two Warn1 stages, Warn2 stages, Fault stages, and Failure stages may be placed around the normal stage.
- diagnostic criteria are specific, such as RN, R1', R1'', R2', R2'', R3', R3'', R4', R4'' It can be set in a form that represents the range. At this time, R1', R2', R3', and R4' may be in a range with values lower than RN. On the other hand, R1'', R2'', R3'', and R4'' may be in a range with values higher than RN.
- control module 200 may diagnose the battery as abnormal. Additionally, the control module 200 can diagnose and classify to which stage the abnormal state of the battery corresponds.
- the control module 200 may diagnose that the battery in question is in the Warn1 stage. As another example, if it is determined that the value of a specific diagnostic item falls within the range indicated by R3' or R3'', the control module 200 may diagnose that the battery in question is in the fault stage.
- diagnosis is performed in several stages according to the degree of abnormality of the battery, thereby enabling more accurate and detailed diagnosis of the abnormal state of the battery, thereby enabling more effective response measures to be taken.
- a serious failure state such as a failure stage
- abnormality diagnosis of the battery is made step by step, and proactive measures through such diagnosis may be possible.
- continuous monitoring of abnormal situations in the battery may be possible, and appropriate corresponding measures may be taken to prevent, suppress, or delay the battery from reaching a serious situation such as the Fault or Failure stage.
- the control module 200 may be configured to determine a diagnosis level for a plurality of diagnosis items. This will be described in more detail with additional reference to FIG. 4 .
- Figure 4 is a table showing examples of diagnostic items by a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the control module 200 can perform battery diagnosis on a variety of diagnostic items.
- FIG. 4 includes 14 diagnostic items, and the control module 200 may be configured to diagnose the battery for all or part of these diagnostic items.
- the plurality of diagnostic items may include diagnosis related to battery voltage, current, temperature, balancing, etc.
- the control module 200 can perform multi-stage diagnosis for each of these plurality of diagnosis items. For example, for the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery, abnormal situations can be determined in multiple stages, such as Warn1 stage, Warn2 stage, Fault stage, and Failure stage.
- control module 200 may diagnose some of the plurality of diagnostic items in numbers that are different from other diagnostic items. For example, for diagnostic items related to the voltage and current of the battery, the diagnostic level of an abnormal state can be determined in 4 levels, and for diagnostic items related to the temperature of the battery, the diagnostic level of the abnormal state can be determined in 3 levels. .
- diagnosis and response can be possible by diagnosing multiple abnormal states for each of the various diagnostic items that determine the state of the battery. Moreover, in this case, diagnosis or response to battery abnormalities can be made more quickly or efficiently.
- diagnostic items may include cell overvoltage diagnosis.
- Cell overvoltage diagnosis may be performed in the form of diagnosing whether the voltage for one or more battery cells is higher than normal.
- the voltage is measured for each of the plurality of battery cells, and the highest voltage among them can be selected as the maximum voltage.
- cell overvoltage diagnosis can be performed by diagnosing whether the selected maximum voltage is in an overvoltage state higher than the normal voltage state (diagnosis standard).
- diagnostic items may include cell low voltage diagnosis.
- Cell low voltage diagnosis may be performed in the form of diagnosing whether the voltage for one or more battery cells is lower than normal. In particular, when a plurality of battery cells are included, the voltage is measured for each of the plurality of battery cells, and the lowest voltage among them may be selected as the lowest voltage. Additionally, cell low voltage diagnosis can be performed by diagnosing whether the selected lowest voltage is in a low voltage state lower than the normal voltage state (diagnosis standard).
- diagnostic items may include pack overvoltage diagnosis.
- Pack overvoltage diagnosis may be to diagnose whether the voltage of a battery pack containing a plurality of battery cells is higher than normal.
- the voltage of the battery pack may mean the voltage at the pack terminal of the battery pack or the average voltage for several battery cells included in the battery pack.
- pack overvoltage diagnosis can be performed by calculating the average cell voltage for a plurality of battery cells and diagnosing whether an overvoltage state is higher than the normal voltage state (diagnosis standard) with respect to the calculated average cell voltage. .
- This pack overvoltage diagnosis may be referred to as cell average overvoltage diagnosis when the average voltage of all battery cells is diagnosed as overvoltage.
- the term 'battery pack' refers not only to a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are stored in a pack housing in a narrow sense, but also to a battery module or multiple battery modules stored inside a battery pack in a broad sense.
- a battery rack in which a battery pack is stored may also be conceptually included.
- 'battery pack' may be interpreted in this broad sense.
- diagnostic items may include pack low voltage diagnosis.
- the pack low voltage diagnosis may be to diagnose whether the voltage of a battery pack containing a plurality of battery cells is lower than normal.
- the voltage of the battery pack may refer to the voltage at the pack terminal or the average cell voltage.
- pack low voltage diagnosis may also be referred to as cell average low voltage diagnosis.
- the measurement module 100 may include a voltage sensor. Additionally, the voltage information measured by the voltage sensor may be transmitted to the control module 200 as battery status information. Additionally, the control module 200 may diagnose an overvoltage or undervoltage condition for the battery cell or battery pack based on voltage information about the battery cell or battery pack transmitted from the voltage sensor.
- diagnostic items may include charging overcurrent diagnosis.
- Charging overcurrent diagnosis may be used to diagnose whether the charging current is higher than normal in a situation where battery cells, battery packs, etc. are being charged.
- the charging current for which overcurrent is diagnosed may be the current flowing in one or more battery cells or the current flowing in the entire battery pack. For example, when charging a battery pack containing multiple battery cells, the largest current among the currents of each battery cell is determined as the maximum charging current, and this maximum charging current is higher than the normal current range (diagnosis standard). It can be diagnosed whether it is present or not.
- diagnostic items may include discharge overcurrent diagnosis.
- Discharge overcurrent diagnosis may be to diagnose whether the discharge current is higher than normal in a situation where a battery cell, battery pack, etc. is being discharged.
- the discharge current for which overcurrent is diagnosed may be the current flowing in one or more battery cells or the current flowing in the entire battery pack. For example, when discharging a battery pack containing multiple battery cells, the largest current among the currents of each battery cell is determined as the maximum discharge current, and this maximum discharge current is higher than the normal current range (diagnosis standard). It can be diagnosed whether it is present or not.
- the measurement module 100 may include a current sensor. And, the current information measured by the current sensor may be transmitted to the control module 200 as battery status information. Additionally, the control module 200 may diagnose an overcurrent condition for the corresponding battery cell or battery pack based on current information of the cell or pack received from the current sensor.
- diagnostic items may include high charging temperature diagnosis.
- the high charging temperature diagnosis may be to diagnose whether the temperature is higher than normal when charging a battery cell or battery pack.
- the temperature of the plurality of battery cells may be measured during charging, and the highest temperature among the several measured temperatures may be determined as the maximum temperature during charging. And, the diagnosis of high charging temperature can be made based on whether the maximum temperature during charging is higher than the normal temperature range (diagnosis standard).
- high charging temperature diagnosis may be performed in the form of measuring the temperature of several battery cells during charging and comparing the average value of several temperature measurements with a normal temperature range.
- high charging temperature diagnosis may be made based on whether the highest temperature measurement value among temperature measurement values measured at different points in time during charging is higher than the normal temperature range.
- diagnostic items may include high discharge temperature diagnosis.
- the high discharge temperature diagnosis may be to diagnose whether the temperature is higher than normal when discharging a battery cell or battery pack.
- the temperature of the plurality of battery cells may be measured during discharging, and the highest temperature among the several measured temperatures may be determined as the maximum temperature during discharging.
- high discharge temperature diagnosis can be made based on whether the maximum temperature during discharge is higher than the normal temperature range (diagnosis standard).
- high discharge temperature diagnosis may be performed in the form of measuring the temperature of several battery cells during discharge and comparing the average value of several temperature measurements with a normal temperature range.
- high discharge temperature diagnosis may be made based on whether the highest temperature measurement value among temperature measurements measured at different points in time during discharge is higher than the normal temperature range.
- diagnostic items may include low charging temperature diagnosis.
- the low charging temperature diagnosis may be to diagnose whether the temperature is lower than normal when charging a battery cell or battery pack.
- the lowest temperature among the several measured temperatures may be determined as the lowest temperature during charging.
- the low charging temperature diagnosis can be made based on whether the lowest temperature during charging is lower than the normal temperature range (diagnosis standard).
- low-temperature charging diagnosis may be performed in the form of measuring the temperature of several battery cells during charging and comparing the average value of several temperature measurements with a normal temperature range.
- low charging temperature diagnosis may be made based on whether the lowest temperature measurement value among temperature measurement values measured at different points in time during charging is lower than the normal temperature range.
- diagnostic items may include discharge low temperature diagnosis.
- the discharge low temperature diagnosis may be to diagnose whether the temperature is lower than normal when discharging a battery cell or battery pack.
- the lowest temperature among the several measured temperatures may be determined as the lowest temperature during discharge. Additionally, low discharge temperature diagnosis can be made based on whether the lowest temperature during discharge is lower than the normal temperature range (diagnosis standard).
- low-discharge temperature diagnosis may be performed in the form of measuring the temperature of several battery cells during discharge and comparing the average value of several temperature measurements with a normal temperature range.
- low discharge temperature diagnosis may be made based on whether the lowest temperature measurement value among temperature measurement values measured at different points in time during discharge is higher than the normal temperature range.
- the measurement module 100 may include a temperature sensor such as a thermistor. At this time, the temperature sensor may be located on the outer or inner surface of a battery cell or battery pack, or in an outer or inner space, and measure the ambient temperature.
- a temperature sensor such as a thermistor.
- Temperature information measured by the temperature sensor may be transmitted to the control module 200 as battery status information. Additionally, the control module 200 may diagnose the high/low temperature status of the battery cell or battery pack based on temperature information of the battery cell or battery pack transmitted from the temperature sensor.
- diagnostic items may include diagnosing voltage imbalance between cells during charging. Diagnosing voltage imbalance between cells during charging may be used to diagnose whether voltage imbalance occurs between multiple battery cells when charging is performed in a battery pack including multiple battery cells.
- diagnostic items may include diagnosis of voltage imbalance between cells during rest. Diagnosing voltage imbalance between cells during rest may be used to diagnose whether an imbalance in voltage between multiple battery cells occurs in a rest section where charging or discharging is not performed in a battery pack containing a plurality of battery cells.
- Diagnosis of voltage imbalance between cells during charging or resting may be performed by the control module 200 comparing the voltages of a plurality of battery cells based on voltage measurement information transmitted from a voltage sensor. For example, the control module 200 calculates the voltage difference between a plurality of battery cells, determines whether or to what extent the calculated voltage difference deviates from the reference voltage difference, which is a diagnostic standard, and determines the voltage imbalance between cells. The condition can be diagnosed.
- diagnostic items may include diagnosis of temperature imbalance between cells. Diagnosing temperature imbalance between cells may be used to diagnose whether temperature imbalance between battery cells occurs during operation of the battery pack in a configuration including a plurality of battery cells, such as a battery pack.
- a temperature sensor is provided as the measurement module 100, so that the temperature of a plurality of battery cells can be measured. Additionally, the measured temperature information of each cell may be transmitted to the control module 200 as battery state information. Then, the control module 200 can diagnose a temperature imbalance state by comparing the temperatures of each delivered cell. For example, the control module 200 calculates the temperature difference between a plurality of battery cells, determines whether or to what extent the calculated temperature difference deviates from the reference temperature difference, which is a diagnostic standard, and determines the state of temperature imbalance between cells. It can be diagnosed.
- diagnostic items may include diagnosis of state of charge (SOC) imbalance between cells. Diagnosis of SOC imbalance between cells is performed on the SOC between battery cells when the battery pack is in operation in a configuration that includes a large number of battery cells, such as in a battery pack. This may be to diagnose whether an imbalance has occurred.
- SOC state of charge
- a voltage sensor and/or a current sensor may be provided as the measurement module 100, and voltage or current for a plurality of battery cells may be measured and transmitted to the control module 200. Additionally, the control module 200 can calculate the SOC of each cell based on the delivered voltage or current information. Additionally, the control module 200 may compare the SOC of each cell calculated in this way to diagnose the SOC imbalance between cells. For example, the control module 200 calculates the SOC difference between a plurality of battery cells, determines whether or to what extent the calculated SOC difference deviates from the standard SOC difference, which is a diagnostic standard, and determines the SOC difference between cells. Imbalance conditions can be diagnosed.
- the control module 200 may perform diagnosis on all or at least one of the plurality of diagnostic items as shown in FIG. 4 .
- the control module 200 provides a plurality of diagnostic items, such as overvoltage for at least some battery cells among the plurality of battery cells or the entire battery pack. It may be configured to perform diagnostics, including low voltage diagnostics. For example, the control module 200 may perform at least cell overvoltage diagnosis, cell undervoltage diagnosis, pack overvoltage diagnosis, and pack undervoltage diagnosis among the plurality of diagnosis items shown in FIG. 4 .
- the measurement module 100 may include a voltage sensor, measure the voltage of the battery cell and the battery pack, and transmit the measured voltage information to the control module 200. Then, the control module 200 can diagnose both overvoltage and undervoltage states for the battery cell and battery pack based on the voltage information transmitted from the measurement module 100.
- control module 200 may perform a corresponding operation based on the diagnosis result. For example, when overvoltage or undervoltage for a battery cell or battery pack is diagnosed, the control module 200 may transmit a diagnostic signal containing diagnostic information to a higher level system on the vehicle side.
- control module 200 may be configured to perform a plurality of diagnostic items, including diagnosis when charging and diagnosis when discharging, for at least one of the current and temperature of the battery.
- control module 200 may perform at least charging overcurrent diagnosis and discharging overcurrent diagnosis among the plurality of diagnosis items shown in FIG. 4 . Additionally, the control module 200 may perform high-temperature charging diagnosis, high-temperature discharging diagnosis, low-charging temperature diagnosis, and low-discharging temperature diagnosis among the plurality of diagnostic items shown in FIG. 4 .
- the measurement module 100 may be provided with a current sensor and/or a temperature sensor and transmit measured current or temperature information to the control module 200.
- the control module 200 can diagnose an overcurrent state, a high temperature state, a low temperature state, etc. for a battery cell or battery pack, based on the current or temperature information transmitted from the measurement module 100.
- control module 200 can perform both charging and discharging diagnosis when diagnosing conditions such as overcurrent, high temperature, or low temperature.
- the control module 200 considers both the diagnosis results during charging and the diagnosis results during discharging and performs a comprehensive status diagnosis, thereby enabling more accurate and detailed battery diagnosis.
- control module 200 may be configured to perform a plurality of diagnostic items, including diagnosis of voltage imbalance between cells during charging and diagnosis of voltage imbalance between cells during rest.
- control module 200 may perform at least inter-cell voltage imbalance diagnosis during charging and inter-cell voltage imbalance diagnosis during rest among the plurality of diagnostic items shown in FIG. 4 .
- the measurement module 100 is provided with a voltage sensor or a current sensor and can measure voltage or current for several battery cells. In particular, this measurement can be made both in a charging state and in a resting state of the battery pack. Then, the measurement information is transmitted to the control module 200, so that the control module 200 can diagnose the voltage imbalance between cells during charging and resting, respectively. Additionally, the control module 200 may transmit a diagnostic signal including such diagnostic information to a higher level system, such as a vehicle.
- diagnostic items may additionally or alternatively include other items in addition to the various items described above with reference to FIG. 4 .
- the control module 200 may determine the diagnostic stage in multiple stages for at least one of a plurality of diagnostic items. And, the control module 200 may perform a corresponding control operation according to the diagnosis result for the diagnosis item. This will be described in more detail with additional reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
- Figures 5 and 6 are graphs showing voltage measurement results during charging by different diagnosis and control for the same type of battery.
- Figure 6 is example data to which the battery management technology according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied
- Figure 5 is comparative example data to which the battery management technology according to the present invention is not applied in order to be compared with this example data.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 may be the result of performing cell overvoltage diagnosis.
- the vertical axis is the voltage axis and may have units of [mV], and the horizontal axis may represent the measurement cycle. Alternatively, the horizontal axis may be expressed as time, SOC, charged capacity, etc.
- RA the voltage measurement value.
- This standard value is set at approximately 4250mV and may be used to classify a failure state.
- a number of reference values are set for diagnosing battery overvoltage.
- the number of reference values may be set to four, as indicated by RB1, RB2, RB3, and RB4 in FIG. 6.
- the four reference values are diagnostic criteria for diagnosing an abnormal state of the battery and may have different values. In particular, it can have gradually higher values from RB1 to RB4. In this case, it can be said that the diagnosis level for the abnormal state of the battery consists of four levels.
- RB4 may be set to approximately 4250 mV, similar to the reference value set for RA in FIG. 5.
- RB4 may be a diagnostic standard for classifying a battery failure state.
- RB3 it has a lower value than RB4, such as 4200mV, and may be a diagnostic standard for distinguishing a fault state before battery failure.
- RB2 has a lower value than RB3 and may be a diagnostic standard for distinguishing risk (Warn2) before a battery defect.
- it has a lower value than RB2 and may be a diagnostic standard for distinguishing a warning (Warn1) before a battery is in danger.
- Multiple diagnostic criteria for multi-stage diagnosis as shown in FIG. 6 may be reflected through source code modification of the diagnostic portion in the software of the control module 200. And, the control module 200 can perform a step-by-step processing routine after multi-stage diagnosis.
- the control module 200 transmits a warning signal to the upper system as a corresponding processing operation or sends a warning signal to the user. can be displayed. Thereafter, the charging of the battery continues, and when the measured voltage reaches RB2, as indicated by P2, the control module 200 performs a corresponding processing operation to limit or reduce the charging current for the corresponding battery.
- the increase in voltage can be suppressed. Accordingly, the voltage of the battery in question can be prevented from reaching the failure stage indicated by RB3 as well as the failure stage indicated by RB4. Therefore, in this case, the deterioration of the battery condition to the point where the battery fails or approaches it can be prevented or delayed.
- control module 200 may perform such multi-stage diagnosis and processing operations on all or at least two of the plurality of diagnosis items shown in FIG. 4.
- control module 200 may directly provide a display unit or provide related data to an external display device.
- control module 200 may transmit the diagnosis results to the vehicle-side system, and the vehicle may provide these diagnosis results to the occupants through the vehicle monitor.
- the control module 200 may be configured to change the diagnostic criteria provided for multi-stage diagnosis.
- the control module 200 performs diagnosis and control according to multiple diagnostic criteria, the range or value may be changed for all or part of the multiple diagnostic criteria. This implementation configuration will be described in more detail with additional reference to FIG. 7 and the like.
- Figure 7 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of changes in diagnostic criteria according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the vertical axis represents temperature
- the horizontal axis may represent measurement rounds or time, as shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 7 may show diagnostic criteria related to high charging temperature diagnosis among the diagnostic items in FIG. 4 .
- RC4 may have the highest temperature value and RC1 may have the lowest temperature value.
- the control module 200 may change one or more of the four diagnostic criteria.
- the control module 200 may change three of the four diagnostic criteria (RC1, RC2, and RC3). Looking more specifically, the control module 200 can change the first diagnostic standard RC1, which distinguishes the warning (Warn1) stage, into a new diagnostic standard RC1' by moving it in the downward direction as indicated by arrow a1. . Additionally, the control module 200 may change the second diagnosis standard RC2, which classifies the risk (Warn2) level, into a new diagnosis standard RC2' by moving it downward as indicated by arrow a2. Additionally, the control module 200 can change the third diagnosis standard RC3, which classifies the fault stage, into a new diagnosis standard RC3' by moving it downward as indicated by arrow a3.
- abnormal diagnosis results for temperature may vary.
- the control module 200 determines the battery high temperature diagnosis-related Therefore, it can be determined that it is in a normal state.
- the control module 200 may diagnose that the battery is in a warning (Warn1) stage, which is one of the abnormal states, as a result of diagnosing the high charging temperature of the battery.
- control module 200 may change the diagnosis criteria for at least some diagnosis items according to the diagnosis results of other diagnosis items. Furthermore, when another diagnostic item is diagnosed as being at a specific abnormal level, the control module 200 may change the diagnostic criteria for the corresponding diagnostic item.
- control module 200 may change the diagnosis criteria for the high temperature diagnosis item as shown in FIG. 7 according to the diagnosis result for the overvoltage diagnosis item as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the control module 200 sets the diagnostic criteria as shown in FIG. 7 when diagnosing high temperature, which is another diagnostic item, for the corresponding battery cell. It can be changed as shown.
- control module 200 may change the reference value in an upward or downward direction.
- diagnostic items such as cell overvoltage diagnosis, pack overvoltage diagnosis, charge/discharge overcurrent diagnosis, charge/discharge high temperature diagnosis, etc. may fall into this category.
- the reference value that serves as the diagnostic standard is set. It can be raised.
- the abnormal diagnosis standard for a specific diagnostic item can be lowered or relaxed, enabling more rapid diagnosis and preemptive processing of the abnormal situation.
- an abnormality occurs in the battery, there is a high possibility that it will be diagnosed as abnormal in various diagnostic items. For example, because diagnostic items related to voltage, current, and temperature are highly related to each other, if one of them is diagnosed as abnormal, there is a high possibility that other items will also be diagnosed as abnormal.
- the control module 200 can diagnose the battery as being at a fault level in the high charging temperature category and perform more active and enhanced response operations. Therefore, in this case, more active and rapid action on high-temperature charging items may be possible.
- the control module 200 may consider not only one diagnostic item but also the diagnostic results of multiple diagnostic items when changing the diagnostic criteria. For example, when diagnosing cell overvoltage, the control module 200 may change the diagnosis criteria by considering the pack overvoltage diagnosis result, the charging overcurrent diagnosis result, and the charging high temperature diagnosis result. As another example, when diagnosing a cell low voltage, the control module 200 may change the diagnosis criteria by considering the pack low voltage diagnosis result, the discharge low temperature diagnosis result, etc.
- each diagnostic criterion is shown as being changed only once, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
- the control module 200 can change at least one diagnostic criterion to two levels or more. This will be described in more detail with additional reference to FIG. 8 and the like.
- Figure 8 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of changes in diagnostic criteria according to another embodiment of the present invention.
- the vertical axis represents current
- the horizontal axis may represent measurement rounds or time, as shown in FIG. 6.
- three diagnostic criteria may be provided to diagnose battery current, such as charging overcurrent.
- the overcurrent diagnosis of the battery can be performed by dividing the abnormal state into three stages.
- RD3 is the highest current value and may be a diagnostic standard for classifying the failure stage.
- RD2 may be a diagnostic standard for distinguishing between the Fault stage and RD1 between the integrated Warn stage.
- control module 200 may change the diagnosis criterion RD3 to RD3' or RD3'' according to the diagnosis results of other diagnosis items.
- control module 200 may first change RD3 to RD3' according to the diagnosis results of other diagnostic items, and then secondarily change it to RD3'' when a certain condition is satisfied.
- the level of change in the diagnostic criteria may be determined by considering an abnormal level in another diagnostic item.
- the control module 200 may be configured to increase the level of change in the diagnostic criteria when the abnormal state of other diagnostic items is relatively more serious.
- the control module 200 determines the defect and failure with respect to the charging overcurrent diagnosis shown in FIG. 8.
- the diagnostic criteria RD2 and RD3 can be lowered to RD2' and RD3'.
- the control module 200 uses the diagnosis criteria RD2' and RD3 for the charging overcurrent diagnosis in FIG. 8. ' can be lowered further to RD2'' and RD3''.
- the Fault stage can be diagnosed immediately without going through the Warn2 stage.
- the control module 200 may directly lower the diagnosis criteria from RD2 and RD3 to RD2'' and RD3'' for the charging overcurrent diagnosis item in FIG. 8 . That is, each diagnostic standard can be changed to several levels, and the control module 200 can change the diagnostic criteria sequentially according to the level or change it to skip a specific level.
- the change stage may be determined by considering the diagnosis results of several other diagnostic items together.
- various other diagnostic items such as cell overvoltage diagnosis item, pack overvoltage diagnosis item, high charging temperature diagnosis item, and voltage imbalance diagnosis item between cells during charging are considered together and the diagnosis criteria are changed. It can be.
- the control module 200 may determine the level of change in the diagnostic criteria for the charging overcurrent diagnostic item of FIG. 8 according to the number of diagnostic items diagnosed as abnormal, among other diagnostic items.
- the control module 200 performs the Fault and Failure stages of FIG. 8.
- the diagnostic criteria for can be changed from RD2 and RD3 to RD2' and RD3', respectively.
- the control module 200 sets the diagnostic criteria for the defect and failure stages in FIG. 8 to RD2 and RD3 or RD2, respectively. From 'and RD3', it can be changed to RD2'' and RD3''.
- control module 200 may restore the diagnostic criteria to the previous level when a certain condition is satisfied. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 8, after the diagnostic criteria for defects and failure stages are changed from RD2' and RD3' to RD2'' and RD3'', if abnormal states for other diagnostic items are released or alleviated, The control module 200 may return the diagnostic criteria from RD2'' and RD3'' to RD2' and RD3'.
- the diagnostic criteria are adaptively changed according to the diagnosis results of other diagnostic items, thereby enabling more accurate and efficient diagnosis and response to abnormal situations in the battery.
- the control module 200 may change the diagnostic criteria according to the change rate of the battery state information measured by the measurement module 100.
- the control module 200 may strengthen the diagnosis criteria when the change rate of battery state information is above a certain level.
- strengthening the diagnostic criteria may mean lowering the diagnostic criteria for an abnormal state so that the same measurement result can be more easily diagnosed as an abnormal state.
- the P3 position may be diagnosed as normal, but after strengthening the diagnostic criteria, the P3 position may be diagnosed as abnormal (warning stage).
- the control module 200 may consider the change rate of the corresponding diagnostic item or the change rate of other diagnostic items. For example, in the process of performing high charging temperature diagnosis as in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the control module 200 may measure the temperature of the battery during charging by time and calculate the temperature change rate over time. At this time, when the temperature change rate, especially the temperature increase rate, is above a certain level, the control module 200 may lower the three diagnostic criteria (RC1, RC2, and RC3) as indicated by arrows a1, a2, and a3.
- RC1, RC2, and RC3 three diagnostic criteria
- the change in diagnostic criteria according to the change rate of battery state information may be accomplished in several stages.
- the control module 200 may change the diagnosis standard RD2 to RD2' or RD2'' according to the change rate of battery state information, such as the current increase rate.
- the control module 200 may compare the current rise rate with two reference current rates.
- the two reference current rates could be VR1 and VR2 (VR1 ⁇ VR2).
- the control module 200 sets the diagnostic standard relatively slightly, such as lowering RD2 to RD2'. It can change.
- the control module 200 may change the diagnosis criteria relatively much, such as lowering RD2 to RD2''.
- the measurement module 100 may change the measurement timing when measuring battery state information.
- the measurement module 100 can measure the voltage, current, temperature, etc. of the battery, and these measurements can be performed at a specific, predetermined time.
- the measurement module 100 can change the timing of measuring such state information.
- the measurement module 100 can periodically measure specific state information of the battery, and in this case, the measurement cycle can be changed.
- the measurement module 100 may be configured to change the timing of measuring battery status information for at least some diagnostic items according to the diagnosis results of other diagnostic items. .
- the measurement module 100 may reduce the information measurement period compared to a normal state.
- the measurement module 100 may periodically measure the voltage of a battery cell as battery state information for a cell overvoltage diagnosis item.
- the measurement module 100 performs a voltage measurement cycle for cell overvoltage diagnosis. can be shortened.
- the measurement module 100 may receive the diagnosis results of the other diagnosis items from the control module 200 .
- the measurement module 100 may change the timing of measuring battery status information according to the diagnosis results of other diagnosis items transmitted from the control module 200 in this way.
- this change in measurement timing of the measurement module 100 may be performed under the control of the control module 200.
- the control module 200 may transmit a control signal to the measurement module 100 to change the timing of measuring status information for a specific diagnostic item, considering the diagnosis results of other diagnostic items. Then, the measurement module 100 can change the state information measurement timing according to the control signal transmitted from the control module 200 in this way.
- the measurement module 100 may measure the voltage of a battery cell every 0.02 seconds (s) to diagnose cell overvoltage. That is, the cell voltage measurement period may be 0.02 seconds.
- information indicating that at least one of the warning/danger/defect/failure stages is in an abnormal stage is received from the control module 200 in the measurement module (100). ) can be transmitted. In this case, the measurement module 100 can shorten the voltage measurement cycle of the battery cell.
- the measurement module 100 may change the measurement timing differently depending on the diagnosis stage of different diagnosis items. Moreover, as the abnormality of other diagnostic items worsens, the measurement period can be further shortened.
- the measurement module 100 can shorten the voltage measurement cycle for cell overvoltage diagnosis by 0.002 seconds from 0.02 seconds to 0.018 seconds.
- a warning level (Warn2) level is diagnosed in the pack overvoltage diagnosis item
- the measurement module 100 can shorten the voltage measurement cycle for cell overvoltage diagnosis by 0.005 seconds from 0.02 seconds to 0.015 seconds. .
- the measurement module 100 may change the status information measurement timing by considering the number of diagnostic items diagnosed as abnormal. In particular, the measurement module 100 can further shorten the measurement period when the number of diagnostic items diagnosed as abnormal is large compared to when the number of diagnostic items is small.
- the measurement module 100 can shorten the voltage measurement period.
- the measurement module 100 can shorten the voltage measurement cycle for cell overvoltage diagnosis by 0.005 seconds from 0.02 seconds to 0.015 seconds.
- the measurement module 100 can significantly shorten the voltage measurement cycle for cell overvoltage diagnosis by 0.01 seconds from 0.02 seconds to 0.01 seconds.
- the timing of measuring battery status information is changed in consideration of the diagnosis results of other diagnosis items, so more efficient diagnosis and response may be possible.
- the measurement frequency can be lowered to reduce resource consumption due to measurement, and in abnormal situations or situations where there is a high probability that such abnormal situations will occur or worsen, the measurement frequency can be increased to enable more rapid measurement.
- diagnosis and response can be made more quickly by changing the measurement frequency or cycle.
- the measurement module 100 changes the measurement timing according to the diagnostic results of the corresponding diagnostic item. You can also change it. In particular, the measurement module 100 may shorten the voltage measurement time or cycle when the abnormal state of the corresponding diagnostic item becomes more serious.
- the voltage measurement cycle for a cell overvoltage diagnosis item may be 0.02 seconds.
- the voltage measurement period by the measurement module 100 can be shortened to 0.017 seconds.
- the voltage measurement cycle by the measurement module 100 can be further shortened to 0.014 seconds.
- the voltage measurement cycle by the measurement module 100 can be shortened to a much greater level of 0.010 seconds.
- the control module 200 may be configured to distinguish processing operations based on whether automatic release is possible for different diagnostic stages.
- automatic release may mean that the control module 200 changes the diagnosis level on its own after the control module 200 determines the diagnosis level.
- control module 200 can diagnose abnormal conditions in multiple stages for specific diagnostic items. At this time, the control module 200 may be configured to enable automatic release for some diagnostic steps and to disable automatic release for other diagnostic steps.
- the control module 200 when diagnosis is performed in four stages of warning/danger/defect/failure, the control module 200 automatically disables the warning and danger levels. It can be configured to enable. At this time, the control module 200 diagnoses the measured value or calculated value as a warning level or dangerous level because it exceeds the corresponding diagnostic standard. However, if the measured value or calculated value falls below the diagnostic standard again, the control module 200 diagnoses it as a warning level or critical level. It can be canceled on its own. As a more specific example, with respect to high charging temperature diagnosis, even if the warning level or critical level is diagnosed, if the temperature drops, the control module 200 releases the warning level or critical level and converts it to a normal level. The abnormal level can be lowered to a warning level.
- the control module 200 may be configured so that automatic release is not possible for defects and failure stages. That is, if the measured value or calculated value exceeds the corresponding diagnostic standard and is diagnosed as a defect stage or failure stage, the control module 200 determines the defect stage or failure stage even if the related measured value or calculated value falls below the diagnostic standard. It cannot be configured to disable itself for diagnosis.
- the diagnostic status of the defect stage or failure stage may be released by a device or system other than the battery management device according to the present invention. For example, if a fault level is diagnosed, release may be possible only upon request from a higher level system such as the ECU or VCU. Moreover, if it is diagnosed at the failure level, it cannot be released even by a request from a higher level system, and can only be released after an inspection of the battery or battery management device is performed at a service center, etc.
- control module 200 may be configured to divide processing operations into limiting output to the battery and blocking output for different diagnostic stages.
- output limitation may mean that charging or discharging of the battery is possible, but reducing the magnitude of the charging/discharging voltage or current, or reducing the charging/discharging time, etc.
- blocking the output may mean blocking the charging or discharging itself.
- control module 200 may perform output limitation for warning stages and dangerous stages, and may perform output blocking for defect stages and failure stages. Moreover, the control module 200 may perform different degrees of output limitation for the warning stage and the dangerous stage. For example, the control module 200 may limit the output to a greater extent in the danger phase compared to the warning phase.
- control module 200 may perform output limiting and/or output blocking control using a switching element such as a FET or relay.
- the control module 200 may perform all of the output limiting and/or output limiting operations, or a higher level system such as a vehicle-side system may share at least some of the operations.
- control module 200 may perform different processing operations for different diagnostic items even if they are at the same level of abnormality. For example, when a cell overvoltage item is diagnosed as being at a defect level, the control module 200 may block charging of the corresponding battery cell. As another example, when a cell low voltage item is diagnosed as being at a defect level, the control module 200 may block discharge for the corresponding battery cell.
- control module 200 may be configured to divide processing operations into providing warning signals and adjusting output for different diagnostic stages.
- output adjustment may mean or include output limitation and/or output blocking. That is, the control module 200 may output a warning signal for some diagnostic steps and adjust the output for some other diagnostic steps.
- the control module 200 does not perform separate output limitation or blocking for charging and discharging, but only transmits a warning message to the upper system or user side. You can.
- the control module 200 may limit output for charging and discharging or block output.
- the control module 200 may perform a comprehensive diagnosis by considering the diagnosis results of the plurality of diagnosis items together. For example, the control module 200 may perform a comprehensive diagnosis as a result of an overall evaluation of the battery. At this time, the comprehensive diagnosis result may also be provided in multiple stages, such as 4 stages (warning/danger/defect/failure).
- the battery pack according to the present invention may include the battery management device according to the present invention described above.
- the battery pack according to the present invention may further include components typically included in battery packs, such as battery cells, pack housings, fuses, relays, and electronic components such as BMS.
- components typically included in battery packs such as battery cells, pack housings, fuses, relays, and electronic components such as BMS.
- BMS battery management device
- at least some functions, configurations, operations, etc. of the battery management device according to the present invention may be implemented by a BMS or various sensors included in the battery pack.
- the battery pack according to the present invention may be a public exchangeable battery pack for automobiles, especially electric two-wheeled vehicles. Additionally, the battery management device according to the present invention can be mounted on a public exchangeable battery pack for an electric two-wheeled vehicle.
- the automobile according to the present invention may include a battery management device according to the present invention or a battery pack according to the present invention.
- the vehicle according to the present invention is driven by electricity and may include a battery pack for driving.
- the battery management device according to the present invention may be provided on the battery pack side.
- the battery management device according to the present invention may be provided in a form in which some functions or components are shared between the battery pack and the vehicle. For example, most of the operations or functions of the control module 200 are performed by the BMS of the battery pack, but some operations or functions may be implemented by a higher-level system on the vehicle side, such as an ECU or VCU.
- the vehicle according to the present invention may further include other components generally applied to vehicles in addition to the battery management device or battery pack.
- the vehicle according to the present invention may be an electric two-wheeled vehicle.
- the battery provision system may include a battery management device according to the present invention.
- the battery provision system may be a concept that includes a battery charging system that provides a charging service for a discharged battery, a battery exchange system that provides a service for exchanging a discharged battery with a charged battery, etc.
- the battery provision system may include a battery inspection and repair system, such as a service center that repairs or inspects batteries.
- the battery provision system may include a battery sales system designed to purchase batteries.
- Figure 9 is a flowchart schematically showing a battery management method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the entity performing each step may be a component of the battery management device according to the present invention.
- the battery management method may include a state information measuring step (S110), a diagnostic step determining step (S120), and a corresponding processing operation performing step (S130).
- the state information measuring step (S110) may be a step of measuring state information of the battery. Step S110 may be performed by the measurement module 100. And, for this step S110, various explanations, such as the function or operation of the measurement module 100 described above, can be applied.
- the diagnostic level determination step (S120) may be performed in the form of determining the diagnostic level for the battery by comparing the battery status information measured in step S110 with a multi-stage diagnostic standard. This step S120 may be performed by the control module 200 of the battery management device. Additionally, for step S120, various descriptions of the diagnostic configuration of the control module 200 described above may be applied.
- step S130 processing operations corresponding to the diagnostic step determined in step S120 may be performed.
- This step S130 may also be performed by the control module 200. Accordingly, for step S130, various descriptions of the processing operation performance configuration of the control module 200 described above may be applied. Alternatively, at least some operations of step S130 may be performed by the measurement module 100. For example, in step S130, the timing of measuring battery state information may be changed as a corresponding processing operation.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (16)
- 배터리의 상태 정보를 측정하는 측정 모듈; 및상기 측정 모듈에 의해 측정된 상태 정보를 다단화된 형태의 진단 기준과 비교하여 상기 배터리의 진단 단계를 판정하고, 판정된 진단 단계에 대응되는 처리 동작을 수행하도록 구성된 제어 모듈을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 다단화된 형태의 진단 기준을 저장하는 메모리를 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어 모듈은, 상기 배터리의 비정상 상태에 대하여 다수의 진단 단계로 구분하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어 모듈은, 복수의 진단 항목에 대하여, 상기 진단 단계를 판정하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 배터리는 다수의 배터리 셀을 포함하는 배터리 팩 형태로 구성되고,상기 제어 모듈은, 상기 복수의 진단 항목으로서, 상기 다수의 배터리 셀 중 적어도 일부 배터리 셀 또는 상기 배터리 팩 전체에 대한 과전압 진단 및 저전압 진단을 포함하여 수행하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 제어 모듈은, 상기 복수의 진단 항목으로서, 상기 배터리의 전류 및 온도 중 적어도 하나에 대하여, 충전 시 진단 및 방전 시 진단을 포함하여 수행하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 제어 모듈은, 상기 복수의 진단 항목으로서, 충전 중 셀 간 전압 불균형 진단 및 휴지 중 셀 간 전압 불균형 진단을 포함하여 수행하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 제어 모듈은, 상기 복수의 진단 항목 중 적어도 일부 진단 항목에 대하여, 다른 진단 항목의 진단 결과에 따라 상기 진단 기준을 변화시키도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 측정 모듈은, 상기 복수의 진단 항목 중 적어도 일부 진단 항목에 대하여, 다른 진단 항목의 진단 결과에 따라 상기 배터리의 상태 정보 측정 시기를 변화시키도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어 모듈은, 서로 다른 진단 단계에 대하여, 자동 해제 가능 여부로 상기 처리 동작을 구분하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어 모듈은, 서로 다른 진단 단계에 대하여, 상기 배터리의 출력 제한과 상기 배터리의 출력 차단으로 상기 처리 동작을 구분하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제어 모듈은, 서로 다른 진단 단계에 대하여, 경고 신호 제공과 출력 조정으로 상기 처리 동작을 구분하도록 구성된 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 장치.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 다른 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 배터리 팩.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 다른 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 자동차.
- 제1항 내지 제12항 중 어느 한 항에 다른 배터리 관리 장치를 포함하는 배터리 제공 시스템.
- 배터리의 상태 정보를 측정하는 단계;상기 측정된 상태 정보를 다단화된 형태의 진단 기준과 비교하여 상기 배터리의 진단 단계를 판정하는 단계; 및상기 판정 단계에서 판정된 진단 단계에 대응되는 처리 동작을 수행하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 배터리 관리 방법.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/862,095 US20250158139A1 (en) | 2022-09-08 | 2023-09-07 | Apparatus and method for managing battery |
| CN202380015798.4A CN118525215A (zh) | 2022-09-08 | 2023-09-07 | 用于管理电池的装置和方法 |
| EP23863541.1A EP4545995A4 (en) | 2022-09-08 | 2023-09-07 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANAGING A BATTERY |
| JP2024568098A JP2025516737A (ja) | 2022-09-08 | 2023-09-07 | バッテリー管理装置及び方法 |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| KR20220114042 | 2022-09-08 | ||
| KR10-2022-0114042 | 2022-09-08 | ||
| KR10-2023-0117881 | 2023-09-05 | ||
| KR1020230117881A KR20240035354A (ko) | 2022-09-08 | 2023-09-05 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
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| WO2024054077A1 true WO2024054077A1 (ko) | 2024-03-14 |
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| PCT/KR2023/013461 Ceased WO2024054077A1 (ko) | 2022-09-08 | 2023-09-07 | 배터리 관리 장치 및 방법 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20250158139A1 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP4545995A4 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2025516737A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2024054077A1 (ko) |
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| US20250158139A1 (en) | 2025-05-15 |
| EP4545995A1 (en) | 2025-04-30 |
| JP2025516737A (ja) | 2025-05-30 |
| EP4545995A4 (en) | 2025-10-29 |
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