WO2024061009A1 - 天线装置及通信设备 - Google Patents

天线装置及通信设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024061009A1
WO2024061009A1 PCT/CN2023/117479 CN2023117479W WO2024061009A1 WO 2024061009 A1 WO2024061009 A1 WO 2024061009A1 CN 2023117479 W CN2023117479 W CN 2023117479W WO 2024061009 A1 WO2024061009 A1 WO 2024061009A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna device
lens unit
unit
radiation
array structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/117479
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吕劲松
蒲涛
王金菊
吕佳
肖伟宏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP23867300.8A priority Critical patent/EP4583308A4/en
Publication of WO2024061009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024061009A1/zh
Priority to US19/083,737 priority patent/US20250219297A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0031—Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna device and communication equipment.
  • the phased array antenna is a new antenna form developed on the basis of the array antenna.
  • the phase shifter can control the feed phase of the radiating unit in the array antenna, thereby changing the pattern shape and achieving the purpose of beam scanning. , which can achieve high-speed and accurate beam scanning and has attracted widespread attention.
  • Phased array antennas usually include multiple radiating units and multiple feed networks. Multiple radiating units are arranged in an array. Each radiating unit is electrically connected to its corresponding feed network, so that the radiating units can pass through their corresponding feed networks. The unit receives or transmits radio frequency signals.
  • the phased array antenna can also include a metamaterial layer. The metamaterial layer is arranged on the entire aperture surface of the antenna. In other words, the metamaterial layer can be parallel to the radiation surface of the radiating units arranged in the array. , located above the radiation surface of the radiating unit, utilizing the electromagnetic properties of metamaterials to achieve wide-angle scanning of the phased array antenna.
  • the electromagnetic wave signal radiated or received by the radiating unit from the radiating surface needs to penetrate the metamaterial layer, which will cause large heat loss and cause gain loss.
  • the present application provides an antenna device and communication equipment.
  • the antenna device has the advantages of low loss and low cost, and can realize wide-angle scanning, thereby improving the performance of the antenna device.
  • a first aspect of the present application provides an antenna device, including a lens unit and a plurality of radiating units.
  • the plurality of radiating units are spaced apart and arranged in an array to form an array structure.
  • the array structure includes at least four columns, each column including at least one radiating unit.
  • the antenna device also includes a plurality of side areas located outside the circumferential direction of the array structure.
  • a lens unit is provided in at least one of the plurality of side areas so that the electromagnetic wave signal radiated from the side of the radiation unit can be radiated out through the lens unit.
  • the electromagnetic wave signal can be received by the radiation unit after passing through the lens unit.
  • the lens unit When the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the lens unit, the lens unit will refract the electromagnetic wave. Changing the angle at which the electromagnetic wave signal emerges from the lens unit can widen the electromagnetic wave beam, thus broadening the beam that the radiation unit can radiate or receive, achieving Wide-angle scanning of the antenna device improves the performance of the antenna device.
  • the lens unit is used to achieve wide-angle scanning. The heat loss and gain loss caused by electromagnetic waves passing through the lens unit are low. Under the condition of realizing wide-angle scanning, the heat loss of the antenna device can be effectively reduced.
  • the lens unit is located in the side area, which can effectively utilize the electromagnetic wave energy radiated laterally by the radiating unit and improve the lateral radiation capability of the antenna device.
  • the lens unit arranged in the side area requires a smaller area and lower cost. Under the condition of realizing wide-angle scanning, there are It is beneficial to reduce the manufacturing cost of the antenna device.
  • the two ends of the lens unit are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the radiation surfaces of the multiple radiation units, which is conducive to better radiating electromagnetic wave signals radiated sideways by the radiation units.
  • the lens unit wide-angle scanning is further realized.
  • the plurality of side areas include opposite first side areas and second side areas, the first side areas and the second side areas are distributed in the width direction of the array structure, the first side area and the second side area Lens units are respectively provided in the two side areas. It can realize the broadening of the electromagnetic wave signal radiated by the antenna device in the width direction, realize wide-angle scanning in this direction, and can ensure the symmetry of the radiation characteristics of the antenna device, making it easy to use and implement.
  • the lens unit includes a dielectric lens.
  • the lens unit may be an optical lens formed of dielectric materials such as glass, plastic, etc., which is low cost and easy to implement and manufacture.
  • the lens unit includes an electromagnetic metamaterial layer.
  • the electromagnetic metamaterial layer can have lower cost and lighter weight. Under the condition of realizing wide-angle scanning, it is also helpful to reduce the weight of the antenna device. and cost.
  • the number of electromagnetic metamaterial layers is multiple, and multiple electromagnetic metamaterial layers are stacked to increase the flexibility of the lens unit structure to meet different design needs and usage scenarios.
  • the lens unit completely covers the array structure in the length direction of the array structure. That is to say, the lens unit can completely cover the outside of the array structure in the length direction, making full use of the multiple array structures in the array structure.
  • the electromagnetic wave energy radiated laterally by the radiating unit is conducive to further improving the broadening effect of the antenna device and achieving wider angle scanning.
  • the lens unit includes multiple sub-lens structures, the multiple sub-lens structures are spaced apart along the length direction of the array structure, and at least some of the sub-lens structures are opposite to the radiation unit to ensure that the electromagnetic wave signal radiated by the radiation unit Radiation through the sub-lens structure, or electromagnetic wave signals through the sub-lens structure and received by the radiation unit, under the condition of realizing wide-angle scanning, is beneficial to reducing the size of the lens unit, helping to reduce cost and weight.
  • the distances between the top surface of the lens unit and the radiation surface of the radiation unit, and the distances between the bottom surface of the lens unit and the radiation surface of the radiation unit are 0.15-1.0 wavelengths respectively.
  • the electromagnetic wave signal radiated laterally by the radiating unit can be well transmitted through the lens unit, which further facilitates wide-angle scanning and can more effectively utilize the electromagnetic wave energy radiated laterally by the radiating unit.
  • a plurality of radiation units are arranged at intervals to form at least four columns, and each column includes at least one radiation unit.
  • the antenna device has higher capacity and more ports, and has wide practicality.
  • the radiation unit is arranged on the reflective plate.
  • the reflective plate can reflect electromagnetic wave signals to improve the reception sensitivity of the antenna device to electromagnetic wave signals.
  • a reflective plate can focus electromagnetic wave signals on the radiating unit of the receiving antenna through reflection, which can enhance the receiving or transmitting capability of the antenna device.
  • the radome also includes a radome, and the radome is provided on the array structure.
  • the radome is a structural component that can protect the structural parts of the antenna device from the influence of the external environment. It has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance, and can withstand the effects of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical properties.
  • the structure of the antenna device is affected by the radome. It can effectively prevent the antenna device from falling dust or being damaged by water.
  • a second aspect of the present application provides a communication device, which at least includes a pole, a grounding device, and any one of the above antenna devices.
  • the antenna device is arranged on the pole, and the antenna device is electrically connected to the grounding device.
  • the antenna device can effectively reduce losses and costs under the condition of realizing wide-angle scanning, thereby improving the communication performance of communication equipment, and helping to reduce heat loss and costs of communication equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system in a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the antenna device provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view of an array structure in an antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic side view of an antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens unit in another antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of another antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Phased array antenna is a new antenna form developed on the basis of array antenna.
  • Phased array antenna controls the feed phase of the radiating units distributed in the antenna array through a phase shifter to change the pattern shape, thereby achieving beam
  • the purpose of scanning has attracted widespread attention due to its ability to achieve high-speed and accurate beam scanning.
  • phased array antennas With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, higher requirements are placed on the performance indicators of phased array antennas. For example, wider operating frequency band and larger scanning range are the two most important features required of phased array antennas. Among them, when designing a wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array, a designed radiation unit with a wide bandwidth beam is often used, and the array arrangement is reasonably selected to achieve the wide bandwidth angular scanning characteristics of the array. As the scanning angle of the main beam of the phased array increases, the beam scanning characteristics of the phased array will be constrained by the problem of increased scanning loss. The mutual coupling effect between adjacent array elements in the phased array and the radiation characteristics of the array elements are the two main factors causing rapid gain attenuation.
  • the purpose of wide-angle scanning of phased array antennas is also achieved by loading electromagnetic metamaterial structures.
  • an electromagnetic metamaterial layer is provided on the aperture surface of the radiating unit array, and the metamaterial structure layer is located on the radiating surface of the radiating unit.
  • the scanning angle width of the phased array antenna is expanded through the electromagnetic properties of the metamaterial structural layer.
  • the electromagnetic wave signal radiated by the radiation unit needs to be radiated through the electromagnetic metamaterial layer.
  • the electromagnetic wave signal needs to pass through the electromagnetic metamaterial layer and then be received by the radiation unit. This will generate a large amount of heat loss and cause gain loss.
  • the entire caliber surface is covered with metamaterials
  • the cost of the structural layer is also relatively high.
  • the radiation energy in the lateral direction of the radiating unit (located on the side of the radiating surface of the radiating unit) cannot be effectively improved and utilized.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a low-loss, low-cost antenna device with wide-angle scanning characteristics, and effectively improve the lateral radiation capability of the antenna device.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device including the above-mentioned antenna device.
  • the communication device may be a communication base station, for example, it may be a public mobile communication base station. Taking a communication base station as an example, this communication device can be an interface device for mobile devices to access the Internet, and it is also a form of radio station. In a certain radio coverage area, a radio transceiver station transmits information with mobile devices through the communication base station, that is, the mobile communication switching center.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna system in a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the communication device may include an antenna system 100.
  • the antenna system 100 is the main component for information transmission between the communication base station and the mobile device.
  • the antenna system 100 may include an antenna device 101, a fixing bracket 201, a pole 301, a connector 401, a grounding device 501, etc., wherein the antenna device 101 is fixed on the pole 301 through the fixing bracket 201.
  • the position and installation angle of the antenna device 101 on the pole 301 can be adjusted by adjusting the position and angle of the fixing bracket 201 .
  • the antenna device 101 can be connected to the ground device 501 through the connecting piece 401 to ensure that the antenna device 101 is grounded.
  • one end of the connecting member 401 connected to the antenna device 101 may be provided with a joint sealing member to ensure the sealing property of the connection between the connecting member 401 and the antenna device 101 .
  • a joint seal may also be provided at the end where the connecting member 401 is connected to the grounding device 501 to ensure the sealing of the connection between the connecting member 401 and the grounding device 501 .
  • the joint seal can be any structural member that can play an insulating sealing role.
  • the joint seal can be an insulating sealing tape, such as polyvinyl chloride (Polyvinyl chloride, PVC for short) insulating tape.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of an antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the antenna device 101 may include a radiating unit 11 and a feed network (not shown in the figure).
  • the radiating unit 11 can effectively radiate or receive electromagnetic wave signals.
  • the radiating unit 11 has a radiation surface, and the electromagnetic wave signals can be radiated from the radiation surface, or the electromagnetic wave signals can be received from the radiation surface.
  • the feed network feeds radio frequency signals to the radiation unit 11 according to a certain amplitude and phase or sends received electromagnetic wave signals to communication equipment, such as a signal processing unit of a communication base station, according to a certain amplitude and phase.
  • one end of the feed network is electrically connected to the radiation unit 11, and the other end of the feed network is electrically connected to a radio frequency circuit (not shown in the figure), so that radio frequency signals are transmitted between the radiation unit 11 and the radio frequency circuit.
  • the other end of the feed network is electrically connected to the radio frequency signal port in the radio frequency circuit.
  • the radio frequency circuit can provide a signal source for the antenna device 101.
  • the other end of the feed network can be electrically connected to the radio frequency signal port in the radio frequency circuit, so that the radio frequency signal port sends radio frequency signals,
  • the radio frequency signal is fed into the radiating unit 11 in the form of a current, and then the radiating unit 11 sends the radio frequency signal in the form of electromagnetic waves, and is received by the receiving antenna in the mobile device.
  • the radio frequency circuit can receive the radio frequency signal fed back by the antenna device 101.
  • the radiation unit 11 of the antenna device 101 converts the received electromagnetic wave signal into a current signal, and then transmits it to the radio frequency signal through the feed network. circuit, and then through the signal processing unit for subsequent processing.
  • the radio frequency circuit may include a remote radio unit (Remote Radio Unit, RRU for short), which is a part of the radio frequency circuit of the remote radio unit.
  • the radio frequency signal port is generally provided in the remote radio unit.
  • the specific circuit settings and working principle of the radio frequency circuit can be directly referred to the relevant content of the prior art, and will not be described again here.
  • the antenna device 101 may be a phased array antenna.
  • the number of radiating units 11 and feed networks in the antenna device 101 is multiple respectively.
  • the multiple radiating units 11 may be arranged in an array arrangement, so that The antenna device 101 forms an array antenna. It should be understood that the frequencies of the multiple radiating units 11 may be the same, or the frequencies of the multiple radiating units 11 may be different.
  • Each radiating unit 11 is provided with a feed network, and each radiating unit 11 is electrically connected to its corresponding feed network, so that each radiating unit 11 is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit through its respective feed network, so that each radiating unit 11 is electrically connected to the radio frequency circuit.
  • Each radiating unit 11 is capable of receiving or transmitting radio frequency signals.
  • the antenna device 101 may further include a reflective plate 70 , and the feed network and the radiation unit 11 are respectively located on the reflective plate 70 , and may be located on the same side of the reflective plate 70 .
  • the reflective plate 70 may be made of metal material, for example, aluminum, Copper, silver and other metal plates.
  • the reflective plate 70 can reflect electromagnetic wave signals to improve the reception sensitivity of the antenna device 101 to electromagnetic wave signals.
  • the reflective plate 70 can reflect the electromagnetic wave signal and focus it on the radiating unit 11 of the receiving antenna, which can enhance the receiving or transmitting capability of the antenna device 101 .
  • the reflective plate 70 can also play a blocking role, blocking and shielding other radio waves from the back of the reflective plate 70 (the side facing away from the radiating unit 11 ) from interfering with the received signal.
  • the plurality of radiating units 11 can be arranged on the reflective plate 70 in an array spaced arrangement.
  • the structure formed by the plurality of radiating units 11 arranged in an array is an array structure 10 (see FIGS. 3 and 4 ), that is, in the reflection
  • An array structure 10 composed of radiating units 11 can be formed on the board 70 , and a feed network is provided on one side of each radiating unit 11 .
  • the number of the reflecting plates 70 forming the array structure of the radiation units 11 may be one, or there may be multiple ones distributed at intervals.
  • the feed network may include a transmission structure, and the transmission structure of the feed network is electrically connected to the corresponding radiating unit 11 .
  • the feed network may also include phase shifters 40 connected to the transmission structure.
  • the phase shifter 40 is used to realize real-time variation of network coverage, adjust the signal phase at the same time, and realize the electrical downtilt of the array antenna.
  • the phase shifter 40 can be connected to the calibration network 52 to obtain the calibration signal required by the antenna device 101, or the phase shifter 40 can also be connected to the transmission component 51, and the transmission component 51 can achieve different directions of radiation beams.
  • the feed network may also include a filter 62, a combiner 61 and other modules for extending performance.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the phase shifter 40, filter 62, calibration network 52, transmission component 51, combiner 61, etc., and reference may be made to the relevant content of the prior art.
  • the antenna device 101 may also include a radome 80 .
  • the radome 80 is at least provided on the array structure 10 formed by the radiation unit 11 .
  • the structural members included in the antenna device 101 can be covered in the radome 80.
  • the radome 80 is a structural component that can protect the structural components of the antenna device 101 from the influence of the external environment. It has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the effects of the external harsh environment in terms of mechanical properties.
  • the radome 80 can protect the antenna from the external environment. The structural parts of the device 101 are protected, which can effectively prevent the inside of the antenna device 101 from falling dust or being damaged by water.
  • the antenna device 101 also includes an antenna connector 90 .
  • the antenna connector 90 can be connected to the connector 401 to achieve electrical connection between the antenna device 101 and the grounding device 501 .
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the array structure of an antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Schematic side view of the device.
  • multiple radiating units 11 are arranged in an array on the reflective plate 70 , and the multiple radiating units 11 arranged in the array form an array structure 10 . It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the number of radiating units 11 included in each array structure 10 and the specific arrangement of the radiating units 11 are not limited, and can be selected and set according to needs in actual applications.
  • a plurality of radiation units 11 may be arranged in an array in a criss-cross manner, so that the formed array structure 10 may be square, for example, the array structure 10 is a rectangle.
  • multiple radiating units 11 are spaced and arranged in four columns, each column including at least one radiating unit 11, as shown in FIG. 4 , forming a rectangular array structure 10 as shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the plurality of radiating units 11 can also be arranged in four or more rows at intervals, such as six rows, eight rows, or nine rows, etc., so that the antenna device 101 has higher capacity and more ports, and has wide practicality.
  • the radiation unit 11 may also adopt other array arrangements to form the array structure 10 .
  • a plurality of radiation units 11 arranged in a criss-cross pattern to form a square array structure 10 is used as an example for description.
  • the array structure 10 may have a length direction, such as the y direction in FIG. 4 , and the array structure 10 may have a width direction, such as the x direction in FIG. 4 , and the radiation surface 111 may be parallel to the plane where the length direction and the width direction of the array structure 10 lie. , the array structure 10 may also have a height direction, such as the z direction in FIG. 4 , and the height direction may be perpendicular to the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11 .
  • the antenna device 101 can be divided into a front area 31 , a back area 32 and multiple side areas.
  • the front area 31 covers the aperture surface of the array structure 10 , and the front area 31 faces multiple.
  • the front area 31 of the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11 can be parallel to the radiation surface 111 , that is, the front area 31 is located above the radiation surface 111 along the height direction of the array structure 10 .
  • the back region 32 is opposite to the front region 31, that is, the back region 32 is the region facing away from the radiation surface 111 of the plurality of radiation units 11, and the back region 32 may also be parallel to the radiation surface 111, and the back region 32 is located below the radiation surface 111 along the height direction of the array structure 10. square.
  • the side regions are located on the circumferential outer side of the array structure 10.
  • the array structure 10 has four side regions on the outer sides thereof, that is, the side regions are located on the outer sides of the whole formed by the plurality of radiation units 11.
  • the plurality of side regions include a first side region 33a, a second side region 33b, a third side region 33c, and a fourth side region 33d.
  • the first side region 33a, the second side region 33b, the third side region 33c, and the fourth side region 33d are arranged around the array structure 10.
  • the antenna device 101 may further include a lens unit 20 , and the lens unit 20 can transmit electromagnetic wave signals.
  • the lens unit 20 is disposed in the side area, that is, the lens unit 20 can be disposed in at least one of the plurality of side areas, that is, the lens unit 20 is located outside the array structure 10 in the circumferential direction, that is, the lens unit 20 is located at The side surfaces of the plurality of radiating units 11 .
  • the electromagnetic wave signal radiated from the side of the radiation unit 11 (the outer peripheral side of the radiation surface 111) can be radiated through the lens unit 20.
  • the electromagnetic wave signal can also be received by the radiation unit 11 after passing through the lens unit 20.
  • the lens unit 20 When the electromagnetic wave signal passes through the lens unit 20, the lens unit 20 will refract the electromagnetic wave signal, changing the angle at which the electromagnetic wave signal is emitted from the lens unit 20, and making the beam of the electromagnetic wave wider, thereby widening the beam that can be radiated or received by the radiation unit 11, thereby achieving wide-angle scanning of the antenna device 101 and improving the performance of the antenna device 101.
  • the lens unit 20 is used to achieve the purpose of wide-angle scanning, and the electromagnetic characteristics of the lens unit 20 are relatively low, so the heat loss and gain loss caused by the electromagnetic wave signal passing through the lens unit 20 are very low, and under the condition of achieving wide-angle scanning, the heat loss of the antenna device 101 can be effectively reduced.
  • the lens unit 20 is located in the side area, and can effectively utilize the electromagnetic wave energy radiated laterally by the radiating unit 11 to improve the lateral radiation capability of the antenna device 101.
  • the lens unit 20 arranged in the side area requires a smaller area and lower cost. Under the condition of realizing wide-angle scanning , which is beneficial to reducing the manufacturing cost of the antenna device 101.
  • the lens unit 20 may be provided in only one side area, or the lens units 20 may be provided in multiple side areas respectively, which can be selected and set according to the required broadening requirements.
  • the plurality of side areas may include first side areas 33 a and second side areas 33 b distributed along the width direction of the array structure 10 .
  • the first side areas 33 a and the second side areas 33 b may be arranged oppositely.
  • Lens units 20 may be respectively provided in the first side area 33a and the second side area 33b.
  • the first lens unit 20a is provided in the first side area 33a
  • the second lens unit 20 is provided in the second side area 33b. 20b.
  • the electromagnetic wave signal radiated by the antenna device 101 can be broadened in the width direction, wide-angle scanning in this direction can be achieved, and the symmetry of the radiation characteristics of the antenna device 101 can be ensured, making it easy to use and implement.
  • the plurality of side areas may also include third side areas 33c and fourth side areas 33d distributed along the length direction of the array structure 10, and the third side areas 33c and the fourth side areas 33d may be arranged oppositely, Lens units 20 can be respectively provided in the third side area 33c and the fourth side area 33d, which can broaden the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna device 101 in the length direction, realize wide-angle scanning in this direction, and also ensure radiation. symmetry.
  • the lens unit 20 is provided in the first side area 33a and the second side area 33b as an example for description.
  • the lens unit 20 can be fixed on the reflection plate 70 , or the lens unit 20 can also be fixed on the radome 80 , or, in some other examples, the lens unit 20 can also be fixed on other structural components of the antenna device 101 .
  • the lens unit 20 may be located inside the radome 80 after being fixed, or the lens unit 20 may be located outside the radome 80 .
  • the two ends of the lens unit 20 can be located respectively on the upper and lower sides of the radiation surfaces 111 of the plurality of radiation units 11 . That is to say, the lens unit 20 extends from the back area 32 To the front area 31, in the height direction of the array structure 10, some lens units 20 are located below the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11, some lens units 20 are opposite to the radiation surface 111, and some lens units 20 are located on the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11. above. It can better allow the electromagnetic wave signal radiated laterally by the radiation unit to pass through the lens unit, further achieving wide-angle scanning.
  • the two ends of the lens unit 20 are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the radiation surfaces 111 of the plurality of radiation units 11. Specifically, in the height direction of the array structure 10, the end of the lens unit 20 located above the radiation surface 111 is the end of the lens unit 20. On the top surface, the end of the lens unit 20 located below the radiation surface 111 is the bottom surface of the lens unit 20 .
  • the distance between the top surface of the lens unit 20 and the radiation surfaces 111 of the plurality of radiation units 11 may be 0.15-1.0 wavelengths.
  • the wavelength is a frequency band of electromagnetic wave signals that the radiating unit 11 can radiate or receive.
  • the distance between the bottom surface of the lens unit 20 and the radiation surfaces 111 of the plurality of radiation units 11 can also be 0.15-1.0 wavelengths, which can effectively allow the electromagnetic wave signals radiated laterally by the radiation units 11 to pass through the lens unit 20, which is further beneficial to Wide-angle scanning is achieved, and the electromagnetic wave energy radiated laterally by the radiation unit 11 can be more effectively utilized.
  • the lens unit 20 and the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11 may be distributed in a variety of other ways.
  • the lens unit 20 may be located above the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11.
  • the lens unit 20 may be partially located above the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11 and partially located equal to the radiation surface 111.
  • the lens unit 20 may include a dielectric lens.
  • the lens unit 20 may be an optical lens formed of dielectric materials such as glass, plastic, or the like.
  • the lens unit 20 may be a glass lens, Plastic lenses, etc. The cost is low and easy to implement and manufacture.
  • the cross-section of the lens unit 20 (the cross-section formed along the height direction) may be in a straight-line shape, and the optical axis of the lens unit 20 may be parallel to the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11, so that the extension direction of the lens unit 20 is in line with the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11. Radiation surface 111 is vertical.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the lens unit 20 may also be other regular or irregular shapes.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the lens unit 20 may be arc-shaped, and the optical axis of the lens unit 20 may be inclined with the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11 .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the lens unit 20 may also be partially in a straight-line shape, and the extension direction of this part of the lens unit 20 is perpendicular to the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11 , the cross-sectional shape of the remaining part of the lens unit 20 may be arc-shaped.
  • the lens unit 20 can be an entire dielectric lens.
  • the lens unit 20 is an integral glass lens that can completely cover the array structure 10 in the length direction of the array structure 10 (see FIG. 4 ), that is, the lens unit 20
  • the size in the length direction can be greater than or equal to the size of the array structure 10 in the length direction, so that the lens unit 20 can completely cover the outside of the array structure 10 in the length direction, making full use of the lateral radiation of the multiple radiation units 11 in the array structure 10
  • the electromagnetic wave energy is conducive to further improving the broadening effect of the antenna device 101 and achieving wider angle scanning.
  • the lens unit 20 may include multiple sub-lens structures, and each sub-lens structure may be a dielectric lens. That is to say, the lens unit 20 is a structure composed of multiple dielectric lenses.
  • the lens unit 20 includes multiple glass lenses. .
  • Multiple sub-lens structures may be spaced apart along the length direction of the array structure 10 , and at least some of the sub-lens structures are opposite to the radiation unit 11 to ensure that the electromagnetic wave signals radiated by the radiation unit 11 are radiated through the sub-lens structures, or that the electromagnetic wave signals are transmitted through the sub-lens structures.
  • the lens structure is received by the radiation unit 11, and under the condition of realizing wide-angle scanning, it is beneficial to reduce the volume size of the lens unit 20, and is helpful to reduce cost and weight.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a lens unit in another antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Schematic side view of an antenna device.
  • the lens unit 20 may include an electromagnetic metamaterial layer, that is, the lens unit 20 is a structure composed of an electromagnetic metamaterial layer that can realize the optical properties of the lens, for example, see FIG. 6
  • the lens unit 20a located in the first side area 33a includes an electromagnetic metamaterial layer 21a and an electromagnetic metamaterial layer 21b.
  • Electromagnetic metamaterials are materials whose structural composition is artificially designed. Their properties are derived from their precise geometric structures and sizes. The size of the microstructure is smaller than the wavelength at which it acts. Electromagnetic metamaterials have excellent electromagnetic properties. For example, in related technologies, there is an absorbing metamaterial. When electromagnetic waves are incident on the absorbing metamaterial, this material exhibits complete Absorption properties. Absorbing metamaterials also open up new ideas for the stealth design of antennas due to their perfect electromagnetic wave absorption performance.
  • the structure and constituent materials of the electromagnetic metamaterial can be designed so that the lens unit 20 can be formed to transmit and refract the electromagnetic wave signal, thereby broadening the electromagnetic wave beam and achieving wide-angle scanning.
  • the electromagnetic metamaterial layer can have lower cost and lighter weight, which is beneficial to reducing the weight and cost of the antenna device 101 .
  • the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 21 a may include a substrate 211 , on which a plurality of metamaterial structural patterns 212 are formed.
  • the plurality of metamaterial structural patterns 212 may be in the form of The array is arranged on the substrate 211 .
  • the characteristics of the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 21a can be adjusted by adjusting the shape, size, arrangement and other geometric parameters of the metamaterial structure pattern 212 to achieve the effect of wide-angle scanning.
  • the specific shape, size and other geometric parameters of the metamaterial structural pattern 212 on the electromagnetic metamaterial layer are not limited, and can be selected and set according to actual needs.
  • the metamaterial structure pattern 212 may be a square.
  • the metamaterial structure pattern 212 may also be other regular or irregular patterns.
  • Each lens unit 20 may include one or more electromagnetic metamaterial layers, thereby increasing the flexibility of the structure of the lens unit 20 to meet different design requirements and usage scenarios.
  • each lens unit 20 (Take the first lens unit 20a as an example) It may include two electromagnetic metamaterial layers.
  • the first lens unit 20a includes an electromagnetic metamaterial layer 21a and an electromagnetic metamaterial layer 21b.
  • the multiple electromagnetic metamaterial layers can be stacked along the width direction of the array structure 10 , and the metamaterial structure patterns 212 on the multiple electromagnetic metamaterial layers can be the same or different. , or the metamaterial structural patterns 212 on some electromagnetic metamaterial layers can be made the same, and the metamaterial structural patterns 212 on some electromagnetic metamaterial layers can be different.
  • the lens unit 20 includes two stacked electromagnetic metamaterial layers as an example for description.
  • the shape of the cross-section (the cross-section formed along the height direction) of each electromagnetic metamaterial layer may be a straight-line shape, for example, as shown in the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 21a in Figure 8.
  • the extension direction of the electromagnetic metamaterial layer 21a is in line with the radiation unit.
  • the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11 is vertical, so that the entire extending direction of the formed lens unit 20 is perpendicular to the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11 .
  • each electromagnetic metamaterial layer can also be other regular or irregular patterns, such as arc shapes.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the electromagnetic metamaterial layer can also be made into a straight-like shape.
  • the extension direction of this part of the electromagnetic metamaterial can be perpendicular to the radiation surface 111 of the radiation unit 11 , and the remaining part of the electromagnetic metamaterial can be
  • the cross-sectional shape can be arc-shaped.
  • the lens unit 20 may be an integral electromagnetic metamaterial layer, or may be formed by stacking multiple integral electromagnetic material layers.
  • the electromagnetic material layer may completely cover the array structure 10 in the length direction (refer to FIG. 6 ).
  • the entire lens unit 20 covers the array structure 10 in the length direction. That is to say, the size of each electromagnetic metamaterial layer in the length direction can be greater than or equal to the size of the array structure 10 in the length direction. Even if the electromagnetic metamaterial layer completely covers the outside of the array structure 10 in the length direction, it can also be fully Utilizing the electromagnetic wave energy radiated laterally by the plurality of radiating units 11 in the array structure 10 is beneficial to further improving the broadening effect of the antenna device 101 and achieving wider angle scanning.
  • the lens unit 20 may also include multiple sub-lens structures.
  • Each sub-lens structure is an electromagnetic metamaterial layer or a plurality of electromagnetic metamaterial layers stacked together.
  • the multiple sub-lens structures are spaced apart along the length direction of the array structure 10 and at least partially The sub-lens structure is opposite to the radiation unit 11, which is beneficial to further reducing cost and weight under the condition of realizing wide-angle scanning.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a fixed connection.
  • Indirect connection through an intermediary can be the internal connection between two elements or the interaction between two elements.
  • specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • the terms “first”, “second”, “third”, “fourth”, etc., if present, are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种天线装置及通信设备，包括透镜单元和多个辐射单元，多个辐射单元阵列排布形成阵列结构，在阵列结构的周向外侧具有多个侧面区域，在多个侧面区域的至少一个内设置有透镜单元，使从辐射单元的侧面辐射的电磁波信号可以透过透镜单元后辐射出去，相应的，电磁波信号也可以透过透镜单元后被辐射单元接收。透镜单元会对电磁波起到折射作用，从而展宽了辐射单元可辐射或接收的波束，实现了天线装置的宽角扫描，提升天线装置的性能。此外电磁波信号穿过透镜单元带来的热损耗和增益损失较低，在实现宽角扫描的条件下，能够有效的减小天线装置的热损耗，且具有较低的成本。

Description

天线装置及通信设备
本申请要求于2022年09月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211145858.8、申请名称为“天线装置及通信设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及天线技术领域，特别涉及一种天线装置及通信设备。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，用户对网络的传输速度以及传输带宽要求越来越高，现代社会全面进入了信息时代。而基站天线作为移动通信的重要组成部分，对天线的带宽、增益、定向性等各方面的性能也提出了更高的要求。其中，相控阵天线是在阵列天线的基础上发展起来的一种新的天线形式，通过移相器能够控制阵列天线中辐射单元的馈电相位，从而改变方向图形状，达到波束扫描的目的，能够高速、准确的实现波束扫描而受到广泛的关注。
相控阵天线通常包括多个辐射单元和多个馈电网络，多个辐射单元阵列排布，每个辐射单元与各自对应的馈电网络电连接，从而使辐射单元能够通过各自对应的馈电单元接收或发送射频信号。为满足天线宽角扫描的需求，相控阵天线还可以包括有超材料层，超材料层设置在天线的整个口径面上，换言之，超材料层可以与阵列排布的辐射单元的辐射面相平行，位于辐射单元辐射面的上方，利用超材料的电磁性能，实现相控阵天线的宽角扫描。然而，辐射单元从辐射面辐射或接收的电磁波信号需要穿透超材料层，会产生大了的热损耗，引起增益损失。
因此，亟需一种低损耗且能够实现宽角扫描的天线装置，以满足通信需求。
发明内容
本申请提供一种天线装置及通信设备，该天线装置具有低损耗、低成本的优点，且能够实现宽角扫描，提升天线装置的性能。
本申请的第一方面提供一种天线装置，包括透镜单元和多个辐射单元，多个辐射单元间隔且阵列排布形成阵列结构，阵列结构包括至少四列，每列至少包括一个辐射单元。
天线装置还包括位于阵列结构周向外侧的多个侧面区域，多个侧面区域的至少一个内设置有透镜单元，使从辐射单元的侧面辐射的电磁波信号可以透过透镜单元后辐射出去，相应的，电磁波信号可以透过透镜单元后被辐射单元接收。
电磁波信号透过透镜单元时，透镜单元会对电磁波起到折射作用，改变电磁波信号从透镜单元出射的角度，能够使电磁波波束变宽，也就展宽了辐射单元可辐射或接收的波束，实现了天线装置的宽角扫描，提升天线装置的性能。使用透镜单元达到宽角扫描的目的，电磁波穿过透镜单元带来的热损耗和增益损失较低，实现宽角扫描的条件下，能够有效的减小天线装置的热损耗。此外，透镜单元位于侧面区域内，能够有效的利用辐射单元侧向辐射的电磁波能量，提升天线装置的侧向辐射能力。而且与在面积较大的口径面上设置超材料结构层或其他结构件相比，设置在侧面区域的透镜单元所需的面积较小，成本较低，在实现宽角扫描的条件下，有利于减小天线装置的制造成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在阵列结构的高度方向上，透镜单元的两端分别位于多个辐射单元的辐射面的上下两侧，有利于更好的使辐射单元侧向辐射的电磁波信号透过透镜单元，进一步实现宽角扫描。
在一种可能的实现方式中，多个侧面区域包括相对的第一侧面区和第二侧面区，第一侧面区和第二侧面区分布在阵列结构的宽度方向上，第一侧面区和第二侧面区内分别设置有透镜单元。可以实现对天线装置辐射的电磁波信号在宽度方向上的展宽，实现在该方向上的宽角扫描，而且能够保证天线装置辐射特性的对称性，便于使用实现。
在一种可能的实现方式中，透镜单元包括介质透镜，透镜单元可以是由玻璃、塑料等介质材料形成的光学透镜，成本较低，且便于实现及生产制造。
在一种可能的实现方式中，透镜单元包括电磁超材料层，电磁超材料层可以具有较低的成本和较轻的重量，在实现宽角扫描的条件下，还有利于降低天线装置的重量和成本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电磁超材料层的数量为多个，多个电磁超材料层层叠设置，提升透镜单元结构的设置灵活性，以满足不同的设计需求和使用场景。
在一种可能的实现方式中，透镜单元在阵列结构的长度方向上完全覆盖阵列结构，也就是说，在长度方向上使透镜单元能够完全覆盖在阵列结构的外侧，充分利用阵列结构内多个辐射单元侧向辐射的电磁波能量，有利于进一步提升天线装置的展宽效果，实现更宽角的扫描。
在一种可能的实现方式中，透镜单元包括多个子透镜结构，多个子透镜结构沿着阵列结构的长度方向间隔分布，且至少部分子透镜结构与辐射单元相对，以保证辐射单元辐射的电磁波信号透过子透镜结构辐射，或者电磁波信号透过子透镜结构被辐射单元接收，在实现宽角扫描的条件下，有利于减小透镜单元的体积尺寸，有助于降低成本和重量等。
在一种可能的实现方式中，在阵列结构的高度方向上，透镜单元的顶面至辐射单元的辐射面、透镜单元的底面至辐射单元的辐射面之间的距离分别为0.15-1.0个波长。能够很好的使辐射单元侧向辐射的电磁波信号透过透镜单元，进一步有利于实现宽角扫描，且能够更加有效的利用辐射单元侧向辐射的电磁波能量。
在一种可能的实现方式中，多个辐射单元间隔排布形成至少四列，每列至少包括一个辐射单元。这样使天线装置具有较高的容量以及较多的端口，具有广泛的实用性。
在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括反射板，辐射单元设置在反射板上。反射板对电磁波信号能够起到反射的作用，以提高天线装置对电磁波信号的接收灵敏度。例如，反射板能够将电磁波信号通过反射而聚集在接收天线的辐射单元上，可以增强天线装置的接收或发射能力。
在一种可能的实现方式中，还包括天线罩，天线罩罩设在阵列结构上。天线罩可以保护天线装置的结构件免受外部环境影响的结构件，它在电气性能上具有良好的电磁波穿透特性，机械性能上能经受外部恶劣环境的作用，通过天线罩对天线装置的结构件进行保护，能够有效的防止天线装置内部落灰或者遇水而损坏等。
本申请的第二方面提供一种通信设备，至少包括抱杆、接地装置及上述任一的天线装置，天线装置设置在抱杆上，天线装置与接地装置电连接。通过包括天线装置，该天线装置能够在实现宽角扫描的条件下，有效的降低损耗和成本，进而能够提升通信设备的通信性能，且有利于降低通信设备的热损耗和成本。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备中天线系统的结构示意图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的天线装置的框架结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种天线装置中阵列结构的侧视示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种天线装置的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种天线装置的侧视示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线装置的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线装置中透镜单元的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线装置的侧视示意图。
附图标记说明：
100-天线系统；
101-天线装置；
10-阵列结构；
11-辐射单元；111-辐射面；
20-透镜单元；
20a-第一透镜单元；20b-第二透镜单元；
21a、21b-电磁超材料层；211-基板；212-超材料结构图形；
31-正面区域；
32-背面区域；
33a-第一侧面区；33b-第二侧面区；33c-第三侧面区；33d-第四侧面区；
40-移相器；
51-传动部件；52-校准网络；
61-合路器；62-滤波器；
70-反射板；
80-天线罩；
90-天线接头；
201-固定支架；
301-抱杆；
401-连接件；
501-接地装置。
具体实施方式
本申请的实施方式部分使用的术语仅用于对本申请的具体实施例进行解释，而非旨在限定本申请。
除非上下文另有要求，否则，在整个说明书和权利要求书中，术语“包括(comprise)”及其其他形式例如第三人称单数形式“包括(comprises)”和现在分词形式“包括(comprising)”被解释为开放、包含的意思，即为“包含，但不限于”。在说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例(one embodiment)”、“一些实施例(some embodiments)”、“示例性实施例(exemplary embodiments)”、“示例(example)”或“一些示例(some examples)”等旨在表明与该实施例或示例相关的特定特征、结构、材料或特性包括在本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。上述术语的示意性表示不一定是指同一实施例或示例。此外，所述的特定特征、结构、材料或特点可以以任何适当方式包括在任何一个或多个实施例或示例中。
此外，本申请中，“前”、“后”等方位术语是相对于附图中的部件示意置放的方位来定义的，应当理解到，这些方向性术语是相对的概念，它们用于相对于的描述和澄清，其可以根据附图中部件所放置的方位的变化而相应地发生变化。
相控阵天线是在阵列天线的基础上发展起来的一种新的天线形式，相控阵天线通过移相器控制天线中阵列分布的辐射单元的馈电相位来改变方向图形状，从而达到波束扫描的目的，由于其能够高速，准确的实现波束扫描，而引起广泛的关注。
随着无线通信技术的快速发展，对相控阵天线的性能指标也提出了更高的要求，示例性的，具有更宽的工作频带和更大的扫描范围是相控阵天线所需求的最重要两个特征。其中，在设计宽带宽角扫描相控阵时，往往采用设计好的具有宽带宽波束的辐射单元，合理选择阵列的排布方式，实现阵列的宽带宽角扫描特性。而随着相控阵主波束扫描角度的增加，相控阵的波束扫描特性将受困于扫描损耗增大的问题，相控阵中相邻阵元间的互耦效应以及阵元的辐射特性是造成增益快速衰减的两个主要因素。
相关技术中，针对于相控阵扫描至大角度下增益衰减严重的问题，大致有以下三种解决方式：一是设计具有宽波束辐射特性的相控阵单元结构，此时单元的半功率波瓣宽度可以作为评估波束扫描范围的关键参数。二是通过设计解耦合馈电网络来实现宽波束扫描。三是通过改善阵元间的电磁耦合效应，具体可以通过在阵元间添加解耦合墙、引入极化转换贴片以及改变每个阵元的固有场分布等来减小阵元间的互耦。然而，上述三种方案虽然可以在一定程度上改善阵元的辐射特性或减小相邻阵元间的互耦效应，但可实现的扫描角度仍然较小，限制了宽带宽角扫描相控阵天线的工作效率。
相关技术中也有通过加载电磁超材料结构的方式来达到相控阵天线宽角扫描的目的，例如，在辐射单元阵列的口径面上设置电磁超材料层，超材料结构层位于辐射单元辐射面的上方，与阵列的辐射单元相对并覆盖辐射面，通过超材料结构层的电磁性能，来扩展相控阵天线的扫描角宽。然而，辐射单元辐射的电磁波信号需要穿过电磁超材料层辐射出去，相应的，电磁波信号需要穿过电磁超材料层后被辐射单元接收，这样会产生大量的热损耗，引起增益的损失。而且，在整个口径面上覆盖超材料 结构层，成本也比较高，此外对辐射单元侧向(位于辐射单元辐射面周侧)的辐射能量也无法有效改进利用。
基于此，本申请实施例提供一种低损耗、低成本且具有宽角扫描特性的天线装置，并有效的提升了天线装置的侧向辐射能力。
本申请实施例还提供一种包括上述天线装置的通信设备，该通信设备可以是通信基站，例如，可以是公用移动通信基站等。以通信基站为例，该通信设备可以是移动设备接入互联网的接口设备，也是无线电台站的一种形式。在一定的无线电覆盖区中，通过该通信基站即移动通信交换中心，与移动设备之间进行信息传递的无线电收发信电台。
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种通信设备中天线系统的结构示意图。
以通信设备为通信基站为例，通信设备可以包括天线系统100，天线系统100是通信基站与移动设备之间进行信息传递的主要元器件。天线系统100可以包括天线装置101、固定支架201、抱杆301、连接件401及接地装置501等，其中，天线装置101通过固定支架201固定在抱杆301上。实际应用中，可通过调节固定支架201的位置和角度，以调节天线装置101在抱杆301上的位置与安装角度。
天线装置101可以通过连接件401与接地装置501连接，以确保天线装置101接地。其中，连接件401与天线装置101连接的一端可以设置有接头密封件，以保证连接件401与天线装置101连接的密封性。相应的，在连接件401与接地装置501连接的一端也可以设置有接头密封件，以保证连接件401与接地装置501连接的密封性。
接头密封件可以是任何能够起到绝缘密封作用的结构件，示例性的，接头密封件可以是绝缘密封胶带，例如，聚氯乙烯(Polyvinyl chloride，简称PVC)绝缘胶带。
图2是本申请实施例提供的天线装置的框架结构示意图。
参见图2所示，天线装置101可以包括有辐射单元11和馈电网络(图中未示出)。其中，辐射单元11能够有效地辐射或接收电磁波信号，辐射单元11具有辐射面，电磁波信号可以从辐射面辐射出去，或者，电磁波信号可以从辐射面被接收。馈电网络是将射频信号按照一定的幅度、相位馈送到辐射单元11或者将接收到的电磁波信号按照一定的幅度、相位发送到通信设备，例如通信基站的信号处理单元。
具体地，馈电网络的一端与辐射单元11电连接，馈电网络的另一端与射频电路(图中未示出)电连接，使得辐射单元11与射频电路之间进行射频信号的互相传输。例如，馈电网络的另一端与射频电路中的射频信号端口电连接。
其中，当天线装置101为发送天线时，射频电路可以为天线装置101提供信号源，例如，馈电网络的另一端可以与射频电路中的射频信号端口电连接，使得射频信号端口发送射频信号，并将该射频信号以电流的形式馈入至辐射单元11中，继而该辐射单元11将该射频信号以电磁波的形式发送出去，并被移动设备中的接收天线接收。
当天线装置101为接收天线时，射频电路可以接收天线装置101反馈的射频信号，例如，该天线装置101的辐射单元11将接收到的电磁波信号转化为电流信号，继而通过馈电网络传输至射频电路中，继而通过信号处理单元进行后续的处理。
其中，射频电路可以包括射频拉远单元(Remote Radio Unit，简称RRU)，即射频拉远单元射频电路的一部分，射频信号端口一般设置在该射频拉远单元中。射频电路的具体电路设置以及工作原理可直接参照现有技术的相关内容，此处不再赘述。
本申请实施例中，天线装置101可以是相控阵天线，天线装置101中的辐射单元11和馈电网络的数量分别为多个，多个辐射单元11可以采用阵列排布的方式设置，使天线装置101形成阵列天线。其中，应当理解的是，多个辐射单元11的频率可以相同，或者，多个辐射单元11的频率也可以不同。
每个辐射单元11对应设置有一个馈电网络，每个辐射单元11与各自对应的馈电网络电连接，以使每个辐射单元11通过各自的馈电网络与射频电路电连接，从而使得每个辐射单元11能够接收或者发送射频信号。
继续参见图2所示，天线装置101还可以包括反射板70，馈电网络和辐射单元11分别位于反射板70上，可以位于反射板70的同一侧上。反射板70的成型材质可以是金属材料，例如，可以是铝、 铜、银等金属板。反射板70对电磁波信号能够起到反射的作用，以提高天线装置101对电磁波信号的接收灵敏度。例如，反射板70能够将电磁波信号通过反射而聚集在接收天线的辐射单元11上，可以增强天线装置101的接收或发射能力。
另外，反射板70还能够起到遮挡作用，可以阻挡、屏蔽来自反射板70后背(背向辐射单元11的一面)的其它电波对接收信号的干扰作用。
多个辐射单元11可以呈阵列间隔的排布设置在反射板70上，以多个辐射单元11阵列排布形成的结构为阵列结构10(参照图3和图4所示)，也即在反射板70上可以形成由辐射单元11组成的阵列结构10，每个辐射单元11一侧对应设置有一个馈电网络。
其中，需要说明的是，天线装置101中，形成有辐射单元11阵列结构的反射板70的数量可以有一个，或者，也可以有间隔分布的多个。
馈电网络可以包括有传输结构，馈电网络的传输结构与对应的辐射单元11电连接。馈电网络还可以包括连接在传输结构上的移相器40。移相器40用于实现网络覆盖的实时可变，同时调节信号相位，实现阵列天线的电下倾。其中，移相器40可以和校准网络52连接，以获取天线装置101所需的校准信号，或者，移相器40也可以与传动部件51连接，通过传动部件51实现不同辐射波束的指向。
其中，该馈电网络还可以包括滤波器62、合路器61等用于扩展性能的模块。本申请实施例具体不对移相器40、滤波器62、校准网络52、传动部件51以及合路器61等进行限定，具体可参照现有技术的相关内容。
参见图2所示，天线装置101还可以包括有天线罩80，天线罩80至少罩设在辐射单元11形成的阵列结构10上，示例性的，天线装置101所包括的结构件(包括辐射单元11、反射板70、馈电网络等)均可以被罩在天线罩80内。天线罩80可以保护天线装置101的结构件免受外部环境影响的结构件，它在电气性能上具有良好的电磁波穿透特性，机械性能上能经受外部恶劣环境的作用，通过天线罩80对天线装置101的结构件进行保护，能够有效的防止天线装置101内部落灰或者遇水而损坏等。
继续参见图2所示，天线装置101还包括有天线接头90，天线接头90可以与连接件401连接，进而实现天线装置101与接地装置501的电连接。
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种天线装置中阵列结构的侧视示意图，图4为本申请实施例提供的一种天线装置的结构示意图，图5为本申请实施例提供的一种天线装置的侧视示意图。
参见图3所示，在本申请实施例中，多个辐射单元11阵列排布在反射板70上，阵列排布的多个辐射单元11形成阵列结构10。需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，不对每个阵列结构10所包括的辐射单元11的数量、以及辐射单元11的具体排布方式进行限定，在实际应用中可以根据需求选择设定。
例如，参见图4所示，多个辐射单元11可以采用纵横交错的方式阵列排布，使形成的阵列结构10可以呈方形，示例性的，如阵列结构10为长方形。
如在一种可能的实现方式中，多个辐射单元11间隔排布成四列，每列至少包括一个辐射单元11，参见图4所示，形成如图4中的长方形的阵列结构10。或者，多个辐射单元11也可以间隔排布成四列以上，例如六列、八列或九列等，使天线装置101具有较高的容量以及较多的端口，具有广泛的实用性。
当然，在一些其他示例中，辐射单元11也可以采用其他阵列排布的方式形成阵列结构10。在本申请实施例中，以多个辐射单元11纵横交错排布形成方形的阵列结构10为例进行说明。
阵列结构10可以具有长度方向，例如图4中的y方向，阵列结构10可以具有宽度方向，例如图4中的x方向，辐射面111可以与阵列结构10的长度方向和宽度方向所在的平面平行，阵列结构10还可以具有高度方向，如图4中的z方向，高度方向可以与辐射单元11的辐射面111垂直。
结合图3和图4所示，天线装置101可以划分出正面区域31、背面区域32以及多个侧面区域，其中，正面区域31覆盖在阵列结构10的口径面上，正面区域31为面向多个辐射单元11的辐射面111的区域，正面区域31可以与辐射面111平行，也即正面区域31位于辐射面111沿阵列结构10高度方向的上方。
背面区域32与正面区域31相对，也即背面区域32为背向多个辐射单元11的辐射面111的区域，背面区域32也可以与辐射面111平行，背面区域32位于辐射面111沿阵列结构10高度方向的下 方。
侧面区域位于阵列结构10的周向外侧上，例如，阵列结构10的四周外侧具有四个侧面区域，也即侧面区域位于多个辐射单元11形成的整体的四周外侧。例如，参见图4所示，多个侧面区域包括第一侧面区33a、第二侧面区33b、第三侧面区33c和第四侧面区33d，第一侧面区33a、第二侧面区33b、第三侧面区33c和第四侧面区33d环绕阵列结构10的四周设置。
继续参见图4所示，天线装置101还可以包括透镜单元20，透镜单元20能够使电磁波信号透过。其中，透镜单元20设置在侧面区域内，也即在多个侧面区域的至少一个内可以设置有透镜单元20，也就使透镜单元20位于阵列结构10的周向外侧，也即透镜单元20位于多个辐射单元11的侧面。从辐射单元11的侧面(辐射面111的外周侧)辐射的电磁波信号可以透过透镜单元20后辐射出去，相应的，电磁波信号也可以透过透镜单元20后被辐射单元11接收。
电磁波信号透过透镜单元20时，透镜单元20会对电磁波信号起到折射作用，改变电磁波信号从透镜单元20出射的角度，能够使电磁波的波束变宽，也就展宽了辐射单元11可辐射或接收的波束，实现了天线装置101的宽角扫描，提升天线装置101的性能。使用透镜单元20达到宽角扫描的目的，而透镜单元20的电磁特性较低，电磁波信号穿过透镜单元20带来的热损耗和增益损失很低，在实现宽角扫描的条件下，能够有效的减小天线装置101的热损耗。
而且透镜单元20位于侧面区域内，能够有效的利用辐射单元11侧向辐射的电磁波能量，提升天线装置101的侧向辐射能力。此外，与在面积较大的口径面上设置超材料结构层或其他结构件相比，设置在侧面区域的透镜单元20所需的面积较小，成本较低，在实现宽角扫描的条件下，有利于减小天线装置101的制造成本。
应当理解的是，可以仅在一个侧面区域内设置有透镜单元20，或者，也可以在多个侧面区域内分别设置有透镜单元20，具体可以根据所需实现的展宽需求选择设定。
例如，参见图4所示，多个侧面区域可以包括沿阵列结构10宽度方向分布的第一侧面区33a和第二侧面区33b，第一侧面区33a和第二侧面区33b可以相对设置，在第一侧面区33a和第二侧面区33b内可以分别设置有透镜单元20，例如，在第一侧面区33a内设置有第一透镜单元20a，在第二侧面区33b内设置有第二透镜单元20b。可以实现对天线装置101辐射的电磁波信号在宽度方向上的展宽，实现在该方向上的宽角扫描，而且能够保证天线装置101辐射特性的对称性，便于使用实现。
当然，在一些其他示例中，多个侧面区域也可以包括沿阵列结构10长度方向分布的第三侧面区33c和第四侧面区33d，第三侧面区33c和第四侧面区33d可以相对设置，在第三侧面区33c和第四侧面区33d内可以分别设置透镜单元20，可以实现对天线装置101辐射的电磁波在长度方向上的展宽，实现在该方向上的宽角扫描，也能保证辐射的对称性。
在本申请实施例中，以在第一侧面区33a和第二侧面区33b内设置有透镜单元20为例进行说明。
其中，透镜单元20可以固定在反射板70上，或者，透镜单元20也可以固定在天线罩80上，或者，在一些其他示例中，透镜单元20也可以固定在天线装置101的其他结构件上。此外，透镜单元20固定后可以位于天线罩80内，或者，透镜单元20也可以位于天线罩80外。
参见图5所示，在阵列结构10的高度方向上，透镜单元20的两端可以分别位于多个辐射单元11的辐射面111的上下两侧，也就是说，透镜单元20从背面区域32延伸至正面区域31，在阵列结构10的高度方向上，部分透镜单元20位于辐射单元11的辐射面111下方，部分透镜单元20与辐射面111相对，部分透镜单元20位于辐射单元11的辐射面111上方。能够更好的使辐射单元侧向辐射的电磁波信号透过透镜单元，进一步实现宽角扫描。
透镜单元20的两端分别位于多个辐射单元11的辐射面111的上下两侧，具体的，以在阵列结构10的高度方向上，透镜单元20位于辐射面111上方的一端为透镜单元20的顶面，以透镜单元20位于辐射面111下方的一端为透镜单元20的底面，透镜单元20的顶面至多个辐射单元11的辐射面111之间的距离可以为0.15-1.0个波长。其中，该波长为辐射单元11能够辐射或接收的电磁波信号的频段。
透镜单元20的底面至多个辐射单元11的辐射面111之间的距离也可以为0.15-1.0个波长，能够很好的使辐射单元11侧向辐射的电磁波信号透过透镜单元20，进一步有利于实现宽角扫描，且能够更加有效的利用辐射单元11侧向辐射的电磁波能量。
当然，在一些其他示例中，在阵列结构10的高度方向上，透镜单元20与辐射单元11的辐射面111之间可以采用多种其他的分布方式，例如，在高度方向上，透镜单元20可以位于辐射单元11的辐射面111上方。或者，透镜单元20也可以部分位于辐射单元11的辐射面111上方，部分与辐射面111相对等。
其中，在一种可能的实现方式中，透镜单元20可以包括介质透镜，例如，透镜单元20可以是由玻璃、塑料等介质材料形成的光学透镜，示例性的，透镜单元20可以是玻璃透镜、塑料透镜等。成本较低，且便于实现及生产制造。
透镜单元20的截面(沿高度方向形成的截面)形状可以是类一字型，透镜单元20的光轴可以与辐射单元11的辐射面111平行，使透镜单元20的延伸方向与辐射单元11的辐射面111垂直。或者，透镜单元20的截面形状也可以是其他规则或不规则的图形，例如，透镜单元20的截面形状可以是弧形，透镜单元20的光轴可以与辐射单元11的辐射面111相倾斜。
当然，在一些其他示例中，结合图4和图5所示，也可以使透镜单元20的截面形状部分为类一字型，该部分透镜单元20的延伸方向与辐射单元11的辐射面111垂直，剩余部分透镜单元20的截面形状可以为弧形。
透镜单元20可以是整个的介质透镜，例如，透镜单元20为一个整体的玻璃透镜，在阵列结构10的长度方向上可以完全覆盖阵列结构10(参照图4所示)，也即，透镜单元20在长度方向的尺寸可以大于等于阵列结构10在长度方向上的尺寸，在长度方向上使透镜单元20能够完全覆盖在阵列结构10的外侧，充分利用阵列结构10内多个辐射单元11侧向辐射的电磁波能量，有利于进一步提升天线装置101的展宽效果，实现更宽角的扫描。
或者，透镜单元20可以包括多个子透镜结构，每个子透镜结构可以是一个介质透镜，也就是说，透镜单元20是由多个介质透镜组成的结构，例如，透镜单元20包括有多个玻璃透镜。
多个子透镜结构可以沿着阵列结构10的长度方向间隔分布，且至少部分子透镜结构与辐射单元11相对，以保证辐射单元11辐射的电磁波信号透过子透镜结构辐射，或者电磁波信号透过子透镜结构被辐射单元11接收，在实现宽角扫描的条件下，有利于减小透镜单元20的体积尺寸，有助于降低成本和重量等。
图6为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线装置的结构示意图，图7为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线装置中透镜单元的结构示意图，图8为本申请实施例提供的另一种天线装置的侧视示意图。
或者，在另一种可能的实现方式中，透镜单元20可以包括电磁超材料层，也即透镜单元20为由电磁超材料层构成的、可以实现透镜的光学特性的结构，例如，参见图6所示，位于第一侧面区33a内的透镜单元20a包括电磁超材料层21a和电磁超材料层21b。
电磁超材料是一种人工设计其结构组成的材料，它们的性质源于其精密的几何结构以及尺寸大小，其中的微结构，大小尺度小于它作用的波长。电磁超材料具有优异的电磁特性，例如，相关技术中一种吸波超材料，当电磁波入射到吸波超材料时，由于其对电磁波既不反射也不透射的作用，这种材料表现出完全吸收特性。吸波超材料由于其完美电磁波吸收性能性能，也为天线的隐身设计打开了新的思路。
在本示例中，可以通过设计电磁超材料的结构及组成材料等，使其能够形成透镜单元20，对电磁波信号起到透过并折射的作用，使电磁波波束展宽，实现宽角扫描。而且电磁超材料层可以具有较低的成本和较轻的重量，有利于降低天线装置101的重量和成本。
其中，参见图7所示，以电磁超材料层21a为例，电磁超材料层21a可以包括基板211，在基板211上形成有多个超材料结构图形212，多个超材料结构图形212可以呈阵列排布的方式布置在基板211上。示例性的，可以通过调整超材料结构图形212的形状、尺寸、布置方式等几何参数，来调节电磁超材料层21a的特性，以实现宽角扫描的效果。
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，不限制电磁超材料层上的超材料结构图形212的具体形状、尺寸等几何参数，具体可以根据实际需求选择设定。示例性的，参见图7所示，超材料结构图形212可以是正方形。当然，在一些其他示例中，超材料结构图形212也可以是其他规则或不规则的图形。
每个透镜单元20所包括的电磁超材料层可以是一个，或者，也可以是多个，提升透镜单元20结构的设置灵活性，以满足不同的设计需求和使用场景。例如，结合图6和图8所示，每个透镜单元20 (以第一透镜单元20a为例)可以包括两个电磁超材料层，例如，第一透镜单元20a包括电磁超材料层21a和电磁超材料层21b。
当电磁超材料层的数量为多个时，多个电磁超材料层可以沿着阵列结构10的宽度方向层叠设置，多个电磁超材料层上的超材料结构图形212可以相同，或者也可以不同，或者也可以使部分电磁超材料层上的超材料结构图形212相同，部分电磁超材料层上的超材料结构图形212不同。
本申请实施例中，以透镜单元20包括两个层叠设置的电磁超材料层为例进行说明。
其中，每个电磁超材料层的截面(沿高度方向形成的截面)形状可以是类一字型，例如图8中的电磁超材料层21a所示，电磁超材料层21a的延伸方向与辐射单元11的辐射面111垂直，使形成的透镜单元20的整体延伸方向与辐射单元11的辐射面111垂直。
或者，每个电磁超材料层的截面形状也可以是其他规则或不规则的图形，例如也可以是弧形等。
当然，在一些其他示例中，也可以使电磁超材料层的截面形状部分为类一字型，该部分电磁超材料的延伸方向可以与辐射单元11的辐射面111垂直，剩余部分电磁超材料的截面形状可以为弧形。
应当理解的是，透镜单元20可以为一个整体的电磁超材料层，或者多个整体的电磁材料层层叠形成，电磁材料层在长度方向上可以完全覆盖阵列结构10(参照图6所示)，使整个透镜单元20在长度方向上覆盖阵列结构10。也就是说，每个电磁超材料层在长度方向上的尺寸可以大于等于阵列结构10在长度方向上的尺寸，在长度方向上使电磁超材料层完全覆盖在阵列结构10的外侧，也能够充分利用阵列结构10内多个辐射单元11侧向辐射的电磁波能量，有利于进一步提升天线装置101的展宽效果，实现更宽角的扫描。
或者，透镜单元20也可以包括多个子透镜结构，每个子透镜结构为一个电磁超材料层或者多个电磁超材料层层叠形成，多个子透镜结构沿阵列结构10的长度方向间隔分布，且至少部分子透镜结构与辐射单元11相对，在实现宽角扫描的条件下，有利于进一步减小成本和重量。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或者两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”、“第四”等(如果存在)是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请实施例进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请实施例各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种天线装置，其特征在于，包括透镜单元和多个辐射单元，多个所述辐射单元间隔且阵列排布形成阵列结构，所述阵列结构包括至少四列，每列至少包括一个所述辐射单元；
    所述天线装置还包括位于所述阵列结构周向外侧的多个侧面区域，多个所述侧面区域的至少一个内设置有所述透镜单元。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线装置，其特征在于，在所述阵列结构的高度方向上，所述透镜单元的两端分别位于多个所述辐射单元的辐射面的上下两侧。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线装置，其特征在于，多个所述侧面区域包括相对的第一侧面区和第二侧面区；
    所述第一侧面区和所述第二侧面区分布在所述阵列结构的宽度方向上，所述第一侧面区和所述第二侧面区内分别设置有所述透镜单元。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述透镜单元包括介质透镜。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述透镜单元包括电磁超材料层。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述电磁超材料层的数量为多个，多个所述电磁超材料层层叠设置。
  7. 根据权利要求3-6任一所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述透镜单元在所述阵列结构的长度方向上完全覆盖所述阵列结构。
  8. 根据权利要求3-6任一所述的天线装置，其特征在于，所述透镜单元包括多个子透镜结构；
    多个所述子透镜结构沿着所述阵列结构的长度方向间隔分布，且至少部分所述子透镜结构与所述辐射单元相对。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一所述的天线装置，其特征在于，在所述阵列结构的高度方向上，所述透镜单元的顶面至所述辐射单元的辐射面、所述透镜单元的底面至所述辐射单元的辐射面之间的距离分别为0.15-1.0个波长。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一所述的天线装置，其特征在于，还包括反射板，所述辐射单元设置在所述反射板上。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一所述的天线装置，其特征在于，还包括天线罩，所述天线罩罩设在所述阵列结构上。
  12. 一种通信设备，其特征在于，至少包括抱杆、接地装置及上述权利要求1-11任一所述的天线装置；
    所述天线装置设置在所述抱杆上，所述天线装置与所述接地装置电连接。
PCT/CN2023/117479 2022-09-20 2023-09-07 天线装置及通信设备 Ceased WO2024061009A1 (zh)

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