WO2024065221A1 - 热管理系统及车辆 - Google Patents

热管理系统及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024065221A1
WO2024065221A1 PCT/CN2022/121896 CN2022121896W WO2024065221A1 WO 2024065221 A1 WO2024065221 A1 WO 2024065221A1 CN 2022121896 W CN2022121896 W CN 2022121896W WO 2024065221 A1 WO2024065221 A1 WO 2024065221A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow channel
cooling medium
input end
management system
output end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/121896
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李�浩
胡浩茫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP22959870.1A priority Critical patent/EP4549181A4/en
Priority to KR1020257005777A priority patent/KR20250041146A/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2022/121896 priority patent/WO2024065221A1/zh
Priority to CN202280039794.5A priority patent/CN118103230B/zh
Priority to JP2025513041A priority patent/JP2025527872A/ja
Publication of WO2024065221A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024065221A1/zh
Priority to US19/057,312 priority patent/US20250187399A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00642Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • B60H1/00921Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/32Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/323Cooling devices using compression characterised by comprising auxiliary or multiple systems, e.g. plurality of evaporators, or by involving auxiliary cooling devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00271HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00485Valves for air-conditioning devices, e.g. thermostatic valves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00642Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00885Controlling the flow of heating or cooling liquid, e.g. valves or pumps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00642Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H1/00899Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/02Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant other than from cooling liquid of the plant
    • B60H1/143Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant other than from cooling liquid of the plant the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/32Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3228Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
    • B60H1/32281Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising a single secondary circuit, e.g. at evaporator or condenser side
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/32Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3228Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations
    • B60H1/32284Cooling devices using compression characterised by refrigerant circuit configurations comprising two or more secondary circuits, e.g. at evaporator and condenser side
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625Vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00271HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H2001/00307Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00642Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00928Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising a secondary circuit
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00642Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
    • B60H1/00814Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
    • B60H1/00878Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
    • B60H2001/00949Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices comprising additional heating/cooling sources, e.g. second evaporator
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91Electric vehicles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P2007/146Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using valves
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of thermal management technology, and in particular to a thermal management system and a vehicle.
  • Vehicles use batteries as energy sources. Due to the limitation of battery power, vehicles have higher requirements for energy utilization. In addition, in addition to meeting the heating and cooling needs of the passenger compartment, the thermal management system of electric vehicles must also heat or cool the vehicle's batteries or electric drives to keep them operating within a reasonable temperature range.
  • a thermal management system with a heat pump or a heater is usually used to meet the heating and cooling needs of the passenger compartment.
  • a thermal management system with a heat pump or a heater is usually used to meet the heating and cooling needs of the passenger compartment.
  • the temperature inside the passenger compartment is still low and cannot meet the heating needs of the passengers.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a thermal management system and a vehicle.
  • the thermal management system can increase the temperature in the passenger compartment of the vehicle and meet the heating needs of the user.
  • the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a thermal management system, which at least includes: a first cooling medium circuit and a second cooling medium circuit.
  • the first cooling medium circuit includes a compressor, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger.
  • the first heat exchanger includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel isolated from each other, and the second heat exchanger includes a third flow channel and a fourth flow channel isolated from each other.
  • the input end of the compressor is connected to the output end of the third flow channel and is used to be connected to the output end of the evaporation core provided on the vehicle, and the output end of the compressor is connected to the input end of the second flow channel.
  • the input end of the first flow channel is used to be connected to the output end of the warm air core of the vehicle.
  • the output end of the second flow channel is connected to the input end of the third flow channel, and the output end of the second flow channel is also used to be connected to the input end of the evaporation core.
  • the input end of the third flow channel is also used to be connected to the output end of the evaporation core.
  • the second cooling medium circuit includes a valve group having at least four interface ends. The first interface end and the second interface end of the valve group are respectively connected to the input end and the output end of the fourth flow channel, the third interface end of the valve group is connected to the output end of the first flow channel, and the fourth interface end of the valve group is used to be connected to the input end of the warm air core.
  • the thermal management system is at least configured with a heat pump mode.
  • the first cooling medium in the first flow channel flows into the evaporation core and exchanges heat with the air around the evaporation core, and the first cooling medium after heat exchange returns to the compressor through the third flow channel.
  • the air that has exchanged heat with the first cooling medium in the evaporation core also exchanges heat with the second cooling medium in the warm air core.
  • the first cooling medium in the second flow channel can enter the evaporation core after exchanging heat with the second cooling medium in the first flow channel, and the first cooling medium can exchange heat with the air around the evaporation core through the evaporation core to increase the temperature of the air around the evaporation core, thereby achieving the first heating of the air.
  • the second cooling medium in the warm air core will also exchange heat with the air after the heat exchange with the first cooling medium in the evaporation core, thereby achieving the second heating of the air. Since the temperature of the first cooling medium in the evaporation core is lower than the temperature of the second cooling medium in the warm air core, the air entering the passenger compartment of the vehicle will first be heated by the evaporation core, and the heated air will then be heated by the warm air core, so that the heating process of the air achieves the effect of "secondary heating".
  • the evaporator core can be reused as a pre-heater (condenser), so that the evaporator core and the heater core can reheat the air entering the passenger compartment, which can increase the heating capacity and energy efficiency ratio COP of the thermal management system, thereby increasing the temperature in the passenger compartment and meeting the user's heating needs.
  • the first cooling medium circuit further includes: a first throttle valve and a second throttle valve.
  • the output end of the second flow channel is connected to the input end of the evaporation core through the first throttle valve.
  • the input end of the third flow channel is connected to the output end of the second flow channel and the output end of the evaporation core respectively through the second throttle valve.
  • the flow rate of the first cooling medium flowing into the evaporation core can be controlled by the first throttle valve, so that the heating effect of the evaporation core can meet the user's needs as much as possible.
  • the flow rate of the first cooling medium flowing into the third flow channel can be controlled by the second throttle valve, which helps to improve the use effect of the second heat exchanger.
  • the first cooling medium circuit further includes: a first stop valve and a second stop valve.
  • the output end of the second flow channel is connected to the input end of the third flow channel through the first stop valve.
  • the input end of the compressor is connected to the output end of the evaporating core through the second stop valve.
  • the first cooling medium circuit further includes: a first one-way valve, the output end of the evaporation core is connected to the input end of the third flow channel through the first one-way valve, and the first one-way valve is used to allow the first cooling medium to flow from the output end of the evaporation core to the input end of the third flow channel.
  • the thermal management system executes the heat pump mode, it can ensure that the first cooling medium always flows from the evaporation core into the third flow channel.
  • the first one-way valve can prevent the first cooling medium from flowing from the third flow channel to the evaporation core.
  • the first cooling medium cannot flow from the evaporation core into the third flow channel, nor can it flow from the third flow channel into the evaporation core (through the one-way flow of the first one-way valve).
  • the first cooling medium can flow from the evaporation core to the second throttle valve, but since the second throttle valve is closed, the first cooling medium cannot flow into the third flow channel, thereby not affecting the current function of the system.
  • the first cooling medium circuit further includes: a liquid storage tank, the input end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the output end of the second flow channel, and the output end of the liquid storage tank is respectively connected to the input end of the third flow channel and the input end of the evaporation core.
  • the liquid storage tank can adjust the total amount of the first cooling medium in the first cooling medium circuit according to the cooling effect or the heating effect. For example, when the total amount of the first cooling medium decreases, the liquid storage tank can automatically store more first cooling medium.
  • the second cooling medium circuit further includes: an electric heater and a warm air water pump.
  • the input end of the electric heater is connected to the output end of the warm air water pump, and the output end of the electric heater is connected to the input end of the warm air core.
  • the input end of the warm air water pump is connected to the fourth interface end of the valve group.
  • the warm air water pump can transport the second cooling medium into the warm air core, so that the second cooling medium can exchange heat with the heat-exchanged air through the warm air core, and heat the air entering the passenger compartment for the second time.
  • the electric heater can increase the temperature of the second cooling medium, which helps to improve the heating effect of the thermal management system. For example, it can increase the heat exchange amount between the second cooling medium and the heat-exchanged air, and can further increase the temperature of the air entering the passenger compartment.
  • the valve group has at least six interface ends
  • the second cooling medium circuit further includes: an electric drive pipeline, an electric drive water pump, and an electric driver.
  • the input end of the electric drive pipeline is connected to the fifth interface end of the valve group, and the output end of the electric drive pipeline is connected to the sixth interface end of the valve group.
  • the electric drive water pump and the electric driver are respectively connected in series to the electric drive pipeline.
  • the second cooling medium circuit further includes: a radiator, through which the input end of the electric drive pipeline is connected to the fifth interface end of the valve group.
  • the second cooling medium can exchange heat with the air around the radiator through the radiator to control the temperature of the second cooling medium. For example, when the temperature of the second cooling medium is increased or decreased.
  • the second cooling medium circuit further includes: a kettle, which is connected to the electric drive pipeline. Since the kettle is a container with an upper end open, the kettle can filter out the gas, leaving only the liquid second cooling medium circulating in the second cooling medium circuit, thereby improving the cooling effect or heating effect.
  • the second cooling medium circuit also includes: a battery pipeline, a battery water pump and a battery pack, and the valve group has at least eight interface ends.
  • the input end and the output end of the battery pipeline are respectively connected to the seventh interface end and the eighth interface end of the valve group.
  • the battery water pump and the battery pack are respectively connected in series to the battery pipeline.
  • the seventh interface end of the valve group is also connected to the input end of the first flow channel through a second one-way valve, and the second one-way valve is used to allow the second cooling medium to flow from the seventh interface end of the valve group to the input end of the first flow channel, thereby increasing the working conditions of the thermal management system.
  • the second cooling medium circuit further includes: a three-way valve, the input end of the three-way valve is connected to the output end of the heater core, the first output end of the three-way valve is connected to the input end of the first flow channel, and the second output end of the three-way valve is connected to the input end of the battery water pump.
  • the second cooling medium in the heater core can not only return to the valve group through the first flow channel, but also flow to the battery water pump through the three-way valve, thereby increasing the working conditions of the thermal management system.
  • the valve group is a nine-way valve.
  • Implementing the regulating structure of the valve group by the nine-way valve can reduce the difficulty of pipeline design, reduce the volume occupied by the valve group, and help improve the integration of the thermal management system.
  • the thermal management system further includes: an integrated unit.
  • One or more of the valve group, the first heat exchanger, and the second heat exchanger are integrated in the integrated unit.
  • the thermal management system can be installed in a modular manner.
  • the second aspect of the embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, comprising a vehicle body and a thermal management system as described in any one of the first aspects, wherein the thermal management system is installed on the vehicle body.
  • the vehicle body comprises a passenger compartment, an air conditioning box, a heater core and an evaporation core, the air outlet of the air conditioning box is connected to the passenger compartment, the heater core is arranged in the air conditioning box and close to the air outlet of the air conditioning box, and the evaporation core is arranged in the air conditioning box and close to the air inlet of the air conditioning box.
  • the output end of the second flow channel of the thermal management system is connected to the input end of the evaporation core, the output end of the evaporation core is connected to the input end of the third flow channel of the thermal management system, the output end of the third flow channel is connected to the input end of the compressor of the thermal management system, and the output end of the compressor is connected to the input end of the second flow channel.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermal management system in the related art
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another thermal management system in the related art.
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system in a heat pump mode provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of another thermal management system in a heat pump mode provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first cooling medium in the thermal management system of the embodiment shown in FIG3 being in the second flow loop;
  • FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cooling medium in a third flow direction loop in the thermal management system of the embodiment shown in FIG3 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a first cooling medium in a fourth flow direction loop in the thermal management system of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first loop and the second loop in the thermal management system of the embodiment shown in FIG3 ;
  • FIG9 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram of a thermal management system using a fully-openable throttle valve as a first throttle valve when the thermal management system is in a heat pump mode;
  • FIG10 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram of a thermal management system using a non-full-through throttle valve as a first throttle valve in a heat pump mode
  • FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another integrated unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another integrated unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another integrated unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present application in a passenger compartment heating and battery pack heating condition
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present application in a condition where the passenger compartment is heated and the battery pack is cooled;
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system provided in another embodiment of the present application under the conditions of passenger compartment cooling and battery pack cooling;
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application under natural cooling conditions of the battery pack.
  • Air conditioning box 60. Air conditioning box;
  • Air conditioning box fan 70. Air conditioning box fan
  • Electric vehicles use batteries as energy sources. Due to the limitation of battery power, electric vehicles have higher requirements for energy utilization.
  • the thermal management system is an important part of electric vehicles. It is responsible for ensuring the comfort of the passenger compartment and the thermal safety of the electric drive system and battery system. Its energy utilization efficiency is directly related to the energy consumption and endurance of the entire vehicle. In the thermal management system, the passenger compartment thermal management module accounts for the largest proportion of energy consumption, which has the functions of cooling in summer and heating in winter.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermal management system in the related art.
  • the thermal management system in the related art includes a housing 12 and a first circuit 14 and a second circuit 16 at least partially arranged in the housing 12.
  • the first circuit includes a compressor 22, a condenser 24, a liquid storage tank 26, an electronic expansion valve 28 and a cooler 30, all of which are arranged in series.
  • the second circuit 16 includes a water inlet 34, a first multi-way valve 36, a low-temperature radiator 38, a cooler 30, a water tank 40, a water pump 42, a PTC (Positive temperature efficiency, positive proportional coefficient heater) 44, a second multi-way valve 46 and a plurality of water outlets 48.
  • the thermal management system By controlling the opening of the first multi-way valve 36, it is determined that the water system passes through the low-temperature radiator 38 through the pipeline 56 to realize the low cooling mode, passes through the cooler 30 through the pipeline 54 to realize the high cooling mode, and directly returns to the water storage tank 40 through the PTC44 and the pipeline 58 to realize the heating mode. Therefore, the thermal management system is configured with three modes: high cooling mode, low cooling mode and heating mode.
  • the thermal management system has the following problems: 1.
  • the thermal management system can only heat and cool components such as batteries and electric drives, and cannot take into account the heating and cooling of the passenger compartment at the same time. 2.
  • the heating function is completely dependent on the heater, and the energy efficiency ratio is low.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another thermal management system in the related art.
  • the thermal management system in the related art may include an electric compressor 1, a plate heat exchanger 2, a first electronic expansion valve 30, a second electronic expansion valve 25, a battery cooler 7, a gas-liquid separator 8, a first electronic valve 27, a second electronic valve 29, a third electronic valve 28, a fourth electronic valve 26, a check valve 24, a first expansion water tank 14, a radiator, a first water pump 12, and a water circuit four-way valve 21.
  • the plate heat exchanger 2 acts as a condenser in the cooling mode, and takes away the heat through the electric drive water circuit.
  • the plate heat exchanger 2 acts as an evaporator in the heating mode
  • the heat generated by the electric drive can be recovered as waste heat.
  • the thermal management system can heat the passenger compartment, the heating of the passenger compartment and the battery is achieved by a heater (such as PTC), and the heating efficiency is low.
  • the integration of the entire thermal management system is low, and the installation components and pipelines are relatively scattered.
  • heat pump heating technology refers to compressing the refrigerant in a vapor state through a compressor to do work, releasing the heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to the passenger compartment, and then throttling and expanding through an expansion valve, absorbing heat from the outdoor low-temperature environment, and then returning to the compressor for compression.
  • the heat pump system increases the energy quality of the heat in the outdoor low-temperature environment air through the compression action of the compressor and releases it to places where heat is needed, such as the passenger compartment or battery pack. Since "free" heat is absorbed from the environment, the energy efficiency ratio (COP) of the heat pump heating technology will be much higher than the energy efficiency ratio (COP) of the heater, and can reach 2.0 or even higher, thereby achieving energy saving and improving the range of electric vehicles.
  • the heat pump system can increase the temperature in the passenger compartment, that is, when the thermal management system with a heat pump in the related technology heats the passenger compartment, there is insufficient heating capacity, so that the temperature of the warm air entering the passenger compartment is relatively low, and the temperature rise in the passenger compartment is relatively small, resulting in the temperature in the passenger compartment still being relatively low and failing to fully meet the user's heating needs.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, which may include a vehicle body and a thermal management system 10.
  • the vehicle body may include an air conditioning box 60, a heater core 43, and an evaporation core 50.
  • the air outlet of the air conditioning box 60 is connected to the passenger compartment, the heater core 43 is arranged in the air conditioning box 60 and close to the air outlet of the air conditioning box 60, and the evaporation core 50 is arranged in the air conditioning box 60 and close to the air inlet of the air conditioning box 60.
  • the thermal management system 10 may include a first cooling medium circuit 20 and a second cooling medium circuit 30.
  • the heater core 43 is arranged in the second cooling medium circuit 30, and the evaporation core 50 is arranged in the first cooling medium circuit 20.
  • the thermal management system 10 is at least configured with a heat pump mode.
  • the first cooling medium may first perform a first heat exchange with the air entering the passenger compartment through the evaporation core 50, and perform a first heating on the air entering the passenger compartment
  • the second cooling medium may perform a second heat exchange with the air after the first heat exchange through the heater core 43, and perform a second heating on the air entering the passenger compartment.
  • the heating process of the air entering the passenger compartment achieves a "secondary heating" effect, which can increase the temperature of the air entering the passenger compartment, and then increase the temperature in the passenger compartment, thereby improving the user's comfort.
  • the evaporation core 50 is reused as a preheater (condenser), and the first cooling medium releases heat through the evaporation core 50, thereby heating the air entering the passenger compartment for the first time. Therefore, through the cooperation between the warm air core 43 and the evaporation core 50, the system heating capacity of the thermal management system 10 can be improved. In addition, since the thermal management system 10 adopts a heat pump system to meet the heating of the passenger compartment, the energy efficiency ratio COP of the management system can be improved.
  • the modes that can be executed by the thermal management system 10 of the embodiment of the present application are not limited to the heat pump mode.
  • the thermal management system 10 can also be configured with a cooling mode. In the cooling mode, at least the passenger compartment can be cooled. See the following for detailed description.
  • the warm air core 43 and the evaporation core 50 may also be included in the thermal management system 10.
  • the thermal management system 10 may include at least the first cooling medium circuit 20, the second cooling medium circuit 30, the evaporation core 50 and the warm air core 43.
  • the evaporation core 50 may also be a part of the first cooling medium circuit 20, that is, the first cooling medium circuit 20 may include the evaporation core 50.
  • the warm air core 43 may also be a part of the second cooling medium circuit 30, that is, the second cooling medium circuit 30 may include the warm air core 43.
  • the air conditioning box 60 can also be included in the thermal management system 10, in which case the thermal management system 10 can include an air conditioning box system, a first cooling medium loop 20 and a second cooling medium loop 30.
  • the air conditioning box 60 system can include the air conditioning box 60, a warm air core 43 and an evaporative core 50.
  • an air conditioning box fan 70 may also be provided in the air conditioning box 60.
  • the air conditioning box fan 70 may directly blow ambient air (neither cooling nor heating) to the passenger compartment, or may blow ambient air cooled by the evaporative core 50 into the passenger compartment, or may blow ambient air heated by the evaporative core 50 and the warm air core 43 into the passenger compartment.
  • the following describes an implementation method of the thermal management system 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application that does not include the heater core 43 , the evaporator core 50 and the air conditioning box 60 .
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a heat management system in a heat pump mode provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the heat management system 10 provided by an embodiment of the present application may include: a first cooling medium loop 20 and a second cooling medium loop 30.
  • the circulating medium in the first cooling medium loop 20 is the first cooling medium.
  • the circulating medium in the second cooling medium loop 30 is the second cooling medium.
  • the first cooling medium may include but is not limited to R134a refrigerant, R744 (carbon dioxide), R718 (water), R290 (propane), R717 (ammonia), R410a, R32, R1234yf, R502, R12, R22, R407c, R600a and other refrigerants or any combination of two or more of these refrigerants.
  • the second cooling medium may include but is not limited to water, antifreeze or ethylene glycol.
  • the first cooling medium may be a refrigerant with R134a
  • the second cooling medium may be a coolant.
  • the first cooling medium circuit 20 may include a compressor 21, a first heat exchanger 22, and a second heat exchanger 23.
  • the first heat exchanger 22 includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel isolated from each other.
  • the second heat exchanger 23 includes a third flow channel and a fourth flow channel isolated from each other.
  • the input end of the compressor 21 is connected to the output end L32 of the third flow channel and is used to be connected to the output end of the evaporation core 50, and the output end of the compressor 21 is connected to the input end L21 of the second flow channel.
  • the input end L11 of the first flow channel is used to be connected to the output end of the warm air core 43.
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel, and the output end L22 of the second flow channel is also used to be connected to the input end of the evaporation core 50.
  • the input end L31 of the third flow channel is also used to be connected to the output end of the evaporation core 50.
  • the second cooling medium circuit 30 may include a valve group 31 having at least four interface ends.
  • the first interface end a1 and the second interface end a2 of the valve group 31 are respectively connected to the input end L41 and the output end L42 of the fourth flow channel, the third interface end a3 of the valve group 31 is connected to the output end L12 of the first flow channel, and the fourth interface end a4 of the valve group 31 is used to connect to the input end of the warm air core 43.
  • the number of interface ends of the valve group 31 can be 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, etc., which is not limited here. Among them, the number of interface ends can be determined according to the use requirements of the thermal management system 10.
  • the valve group 31 may include at least one valve with multiple interface ends, and may also be set as a combination of multiple valves. For example, a four-way valve, a five-way valve, a nine-way valve, or the valve group 31 may include two three-way valves.
  • FIG3 is a structural schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application in a heat pump mode. As shown in FIG4, the position of each interface terminal of the valve group 31 is different from the position of each interface terminal in FIG3.
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel and the input end of the evaporation core 50 respectively
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel can be connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel, or the output end L22 of the second flow channel can be connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel and the input end of the evaporation core 50, or the output end L22 of the second flow channel can be connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel and the input end of the evaporation core 50 respectively.
  • first cooling medium flowing out of the second flow channel there are two flow directions of the first cooling medium flowing out of the second flow channel: one is to flow into the third flow channel and return to the compressor 21 after heat exchange with the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel, and the other is to flow into the evaporation core 50 and exchange heat with the air around the evaporation core 50.
  • first cooling medium after heat exchange one is to return to the compressor 21, and the other is to flow into the third flow channel and return to the compressor 21 after heat exchange with the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel. It can be seen that multiple flow loops can be formed in the first cooling medium circuit 20 to meet different usage requirements. For example:
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is not connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel
  • the output end of the evaporation core 50 is not connected to the input end of the compressor 21
  • the output end of the evaporation core 50 is connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel
  • the output end L32 of the third flow channel is connected to the input end of the compressor 21.
  • the first cooling medium in the first flow direction loop enters the second flow channel after being compressed by the compressor 21 and exchanges heat with the second cooling medium in the first flow channel.
  • the first cooling medium flows into the evaporation core 50 and exchanges heat with the air around the evaporation core 50.
  • the first cooling medium flows from the output end of the evaporation core 50 into the third flow channel.
  • the first cooling medium in the third flow channel exchanges heat with the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel and returns to the compressor 21.
  • the thermal management system 10 executes the heat pump mode, and the flow direction of the first cooling medium is the first flow loop. Since the air entering the air conditioning box 60 is low-temperature air and is lower than the temperature of the first cooling medium in the evaporation core 50, the low-temperature air passing through the evaporation core 50 can be heated. After the first cooling medium in the second flow channel exchanges heat with the second cooling medium in the first flow channel for the first time, the heat of the first cooling medium will be transferred to the second cooling medium, so that the temperature of the first cooling medium will decrease and the temperature of the second cooling medium will increase.
  • the first cooling medium After the first cooling medium exchanges heat with the air entering the passenger compartment through the evaporation core 50 for the second time, the heat in the first cooling medium will be transferred to the air around the evaporation core 50, so that the temperature of the first cooling medium continues to decrease and the temperature of the air around the evaporation core 50 increases.
  • the first cooling medium in the third flow channel exchanges heat with the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel for the third time, the first cooling medium absorbs the heat carried by the second cooling medium, so that the temperature of the first cooling medium increases and the temperature of the second cooling medium decreases.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first cooling medium in the thermal management system of the embodiment shown in FIG3 in the second flow loop.
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is not connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel
  • the output end of the evaporation core 50 is connected to the input end of the compressor 21
  • the output end of the evaporation core 50 is not connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel
  • the output end L32 of the third flow channel is connected to the input end of the compressor 21.
  • the first cooling medium in the second flow loop enters the second flow channel after being compressed by the compressor 21 and exchanges heat with the second cooling medium in the first flow channel.
  • the first cooling medium flows into the evaporation core 50 and exchanges heat with the air around the evaporation core 50 before returning to the compressor 21.
  • the second flow loop can realize cooling for the passenger compartment alone.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first cooling medium in the thermal management system of the embodiment shown in FIG3 in the third flow direction loop.
  • the flow direction of the first cooling medium can be the third flow direction loop
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel
  • the output end L32 of the third flow channel is connected to the input end of the compressor 21
  • the output end of the compressor 21 is connected to the input end L21 of the second flow channel.
  • the first cooling medium in the second flow direction loop enters the second flow channel after being compressed by the compressor 21 and exchanges heat with the second cooling medium in the first flow channel.
  • the first cooling medium flows into the third flow channel and exchanges heat with the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel before returning to the compressor 21.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first cooling medium in the thermal management system of the embodiment shown in FIG3 being in the fourth flow loop.
  • the flow direction of the first cooling medium may also be the fourth flow loop, and the fourth flow loop includes the second flow loop and the third flow loop. In the fourth flow loop.
  • the flow rates of the first cooling medium flowing into the third flow channel and the evaporation core 50 respectively can be determined according to actual needs, and there is no limitation here.
  • the flow direction of the first cooling medium is not limited to the above-mentioned several flow direction loops.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first loop and the second loop in the thermal management system of the embodiment shown in FIG3.
  • the flow direction of the second cooling medium may include but is not limited to the following loops: the first loop S4, in which the second cooling medium in the loop flows from the output end L42 of the fourth flow channel to the second interface end a2 of the valve group 31, and then the second cooling medium flows from the first interface end a1 of the valve group 31 to the fourth flow channel through the internal path of the valve group 31.
  • the second loop (as shown in S1 in the figure), in which the second cooling medium in the loop first flows into the warm air core 43, and then the second cooling medium flows from the warm air core 43 into the first flow channel, and the second cooling medium in the first flow channel flows into the third interface end a3 of the valve group 31, and then the second cooling medium flows from the fourth interface end a4 of the valve group 31 into the warm air core 43 again through the internal path of the valve group 31.
  • the loop in which the second cooling medium flows is not limited to the first loop and the second loop.
  • the loop in which the second cooling medium flows may also be the electric drive loop S2 and the battery loop S3.
  • the multiple loops can be connected in series and parallel through the valve group 31. That is, the internal structure of the valve group 31 can be used to make multiple interface ends have multiple conduction modes to achieve series and parallel connection of multiple loops, so that different components or the same component can be heated or cooled.
  • the thermal management system 10 can also heat or cool the battery pack 41.
  • the thermal management system 10 can be configured with operating modes such as a heat pump mode and a cooling mode.
  • a heat pump mode When the thermal management system 10 executes the heat pump mode, it can at least heat the passenger compartment to increase the temperature in the passenger compartment.
  • the thermal management system 10 executes the cooling mode, it can at least cool the passenger compartment to reduce the temperature in the passenger compartment.
  • the flow direction of the first cooling medium is the first flow loop
  • the flow direction of the second cooling medium may include the first loop S4 and the second loop.
  • the first cooling medium enters the second flow channel through the compressor 21 to release heat and increase the temperature of the second cooling medium in the first flow channel.
  • the first cooling medium enters the evaporation core 50 to release heat again to increase the air around the evaporation core 50 (enter the low-temperature air in the air conditioning box 60).
  • the first cooling medium enters the third flow channel to absorb heat to reduce the temperature of the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel. After absorbing heat, the first cooling medium returns to the input end of the compressor 21.
  • the temperature of the second cooling medium increases after being heated by the first heat exchanger 22.
  • the second cooling medium with increased temperature enters the warm air core 43 through the valve group 31 and releases heat to increase the temperature of the air heated by the evaporation core 50. Since the temperature of the first cooling medium in the evaporation core 50 is lower than the temperature of the second cooling medium in the warm air core 43 and higher than the temperature of the low-temperature air, the heating process of the air achieves the effect of "secondary heating".
  • the evaporator core 50 is reused as a pre-heater (condenser), and the low-temperature air entering the passenger compartment is first heated by the evaporator core 50, and then heated by the warm air core 43, thereby achieving secondary heating of the air, thereby increasing the temperature of the air entering the passenger compartment, and further increasing the temperature inside the passenger compartment.
  • the first cooling medium circuit 20 may further include: a first throttle valve 24 and a second throttle valve 25.
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is connected to the input end of the evaporation core 50 through the first throttle valve 24.
  • the input end L31 of the third flow channel is connected to the output end L22 of the second flow channel and the output end of the evaporation core 50 through the second throttle valve 25, respectively.
  • the flow rate of the first cooling medium flowing into the evaporation core 50 can be controlled by controlling the opening of the first throttle valve 24, and the flow rate of the first cooling medium flowing into the third flow channel can be controlled by controlling the opening of the second throttle valve 25. Therefore, by controlling the first throttle valve 24 and the second throttle valve 25, different usage requirements can be met.
  • the first throttle valve 24 can be a full-pass throttle valve, that is, when the first throttle valve 24 is fully opened, the inner diameter of the first throttle valve 24 is the same size as the pipeline, and the first cooling medium passes through the first throttle valve 24 without pressure drop loss, and no throttling effect is generated.
  • FIG9 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram of a thermal management system using a full-pass throttle valve as the first throttle valve when in heat pump mode.
  • EXV_B represents the second throttle valve 25
  • EVAP represents the evaporation core 50
  • WCOND represents the first heat exchanger 22
  • Comp represents the compressor 21
  • chiller represents the second heat exchanger 23.
  • the saturation curve is an inherent property of the first cooling medium.
  • Each side of the trapezoid represents the process in the corresponding element.
  • the saturation curve and the trapezoid form three rings. Among them, the ring on the left indicates that the first cooling medium is completely in a liquid state, the ring in the middle indicates that the first cooling medium is in a gas-liquid two-phase state, and the ring on the right indicates that the first cooling medium is completely in a gaseous state. Since the first cooling medium does not have a throttling effect in the full-pass throttle valve, no pressure drop occurs in FIG. 9 .
  • the first throttle valve 24 may also be a non-fully open throttle valve, that is, when the first throttle valve 24 is fully open, the first cooling medium still has a pressure drop loss after passing through the first throttle valve 24, and a throttling effect will still occur.
  • FIG. 10 is a pressure-enthalpy diagram of a thermal management system that uses a non-fully open throttle valve as the first throttle valve when in heat pump mode.
  • EXV_H represents the first throttle valve 24. It can be seen from FIG. 10 that the first cooling medium experiences a throttling effect in the first throttle valve 24, and a pressure drop is generated on the pressure-enthalpy diagram. The first cooling medium after the pressure reduction is in the evaporating core 50.
  • the first cooling medium Since the temperature of the first cooling medium is higher than the air inlet temperature when the air enters the air conditioning box 60, the first cooling medium dissipates heat to the air, and the temperature of the first cooling medium is further reduced. At the same time, the air entering the air conditioning box 60 is preheated.
  • the first cooling medium circuit 20 may further include: a first stop valve 26 and a second stop valve 27.
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel through the first stop valve 26.
  • the input end of the compressor 21 is connected to the output end of the evaporation core 50 through the second stop valve 27.
  • the first cooling medium circuit 20 may further include: a first one-way valve 281, the output end of the evaporation core 50 is connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel through the first one-way valve 281, and the first one-way valve 281 is used to make the first cooling medium flow from the output end of the evaporation core 50 to the input end L31 of the third flow channel.
  • a first one-way valve 281 the output end of the evaporation core 50 is connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel through the first one-way valve 281
  • the first one-way valve 281 is used to make the first cooling medium flow from the output end of the evaporation core 50 to the input end L31 of the third flow channel.
  • the first one-way valve 281 can play a role in disconnecting the first cooling medium from the evaporation core 50 to the third flow channel, that is, the first one-way valve 281 has a disconnection function.
  • the principle of the disconnection function is: the pressure of the first cooling medium flowing out of the evaporation core 50 is small, which is not enough to pass through the resistance generated by the mechanical structure inside the first one-way valve 281, so the first cooling medium cannot flow into the third flow channel.
  • the first cooling medium circuit 20 may further include: a liquid storage tank 29, the input end of the liquid storage tank 29 being connected to the output end L22 of the second flow channel, and the output end of the liquid storage tank 29 being respectively connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel and the input end of the evaporation core 50.
  • the liquid storage tank 29 may adjust the total amount of the first cooling medium in the first cooling medium circuit 20 according to the cooling effect or the heating effect. For example, when the total amount of the first cooling medium is reduced, the liquid storage tank 29 may automatically store more first cooling medium to ensure the normal supply of the first cooling medium.
  • the second cooling medium circuit 30 may further include: an electric heater 32 and a warm air water pump 33.
  • the input end of the electric heater 32 is connected to the output end of the warm air water pump 33, and the output end of the electric heater 32 is connected to the input end of the warm air core 43.
  • the input end of the warm air water pump 33 is connected to the fourth interface end a4 of the valve group 31.
  • the warm air water pump 33 can transport the second cooling medium to the warm air core 43, so that the second cooling medium can exchange heat with the air around the warm air core 43, thereby heating the air entering the passenger compartment for the second time.
  • the temperature of the second cooling medium can be increased by the electric heater 32, thereby increasing the heat exchange between the second cooling medium and the air after heat exchange, and then increasing the temperature of the air entering the passenger compartment, which helps to further improve the heating effect of the thermal management system 10.
  • the electric heater 32 can be turned off and the electric heater 32 does not need to work. Of course, in some examples, the electric heater 32 can also be removed.
  • the electric heater 32 may be a PTC (Positive temperature efficiency) heater.
  • the electric heater 32 may be a water-cooled positive proportional coefficient heater WPTC or an air-cooled positive proportional coefficient heater APTC, which is not limited here.
  • the loop in which the second cooling medium flows through the heater core 43, the valve group 31 and the first flow channel can also be referred to as the heater circuit S1 (the second circuit in the above content).
  • the heater circuit S1 can be used to heat the passenger compartment.
  • the electric heater 32 and the heater water pump 33 are also included in the heater circuit S1.
  • the valve group 31 has at least six interface ends
  • the second cooling medium circuit 30 may further include: an electric drive pipeline 34, an electric drive water pump 35, and an electric driver 36.
  • the input end of the electric drive pipeline 34 is connected to the fifth interface end a5 of the valve group 31, and the output end of the electric drive pipeline 34 is connected to the sixth interface end a6 of the valve group 31.
  • the electric drive water pump 35 and the electric driver 36 are respectively connected in series to the electric drive pipeline 34.
  • the output end of the electric driver 36 can be connected to the input end of the electric drive water pump 35 through a part of the electric drive pipeline 34, or the input end of the electric driver 36 can be connected to the output end of the electric drive water pump 35 through a part of the electric drive pipeline 34, and there is no limitation here.
  • the electric driver 36 may include but is not limited to: a power distribution unit (PDU), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a mapped diagnostic context (MDC) and a motor, etc.
  • PDU power distribution unit
  • MCU microcontroller unit
  • MDC mapped diagnostic context
  • motor etc.
  • the second cooling medium can flow into the electric drive pipeline 34 from the fifth interface a5 of the valve group 31, and then the second cooling medium can pass through the electric drive water pump 35 and the electric driver 36, and finally return to the valve group 31 from the sixth interface a6 of the valve group 31.
  • the second cooling medium flowing into the electric drive pipeline 34 is the second cooling medium flowing into the valve group 31 in the fourth flow channel.
  • the second cooling medium flowing into the electric drive pipeline 4 can be the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel.
  • the second interface end a2 of the valve group 31 can be connected to the fifth interface end a5 of the valve group 31 through the internal path of the valve group 31, and the sixth interface end a6 of the valve group 31 is connected to the first interface end a1 of the valve group 31 through the internal path in the valve group 31.
  • the loop in which the second cooling medium flows through the electric drive pipeline 34, the electric drive water pump 35 and the electric drive 36 can be called the electric drive circuit S2.
  • the second cooling medium in the electric drive circuit S2 can cool the electric drive 36 so that the electric drive 36 is within a reasonable temperature range.
  • the output end of the electric drive pipeline 34 can also be connected to the input end of the heater core 43, so that the second cooling medium in the heater core 43 can flow out of the valve group 31 and enter the electric drive pipeline 34. This can expand the number of loops for the flow of the second cooling medium, which helps to improve the executable modes of the thermal management system 10.
  • One of the functions of connecting the output end of the electric drive pipeline 34 to the output end of the heater core 43 is that when the passenger compartment is heated, the output end of the electric drive pipeline 34 can also be connected to the input end of the heater core 43, and the second cooling medium will expand in the heater circuit S1. Part of the second cooling medium in the heater circuit S1 can enter the electric drive circuit S2 and finally enter the kettle 38, thereby avoiding damage to the pipeline of the heater circuit S1.
  • the output end of the electric drive pipeline 34 is also connected to the input end of the heater core 43 without being connected through the valve group 31.
  • the output end of the electric drive pipeline 34 can be connected to the input end of the heater core 43 through a pipeline.
  • the fourth interface end a4 of the valve group 31 is connected to the sixth interface end a6 of the valve group 31 through a pipeline.
  • the second cooling medium circuit 30 may further include: a radiator 37, and the input end of the electric drive pipeline 34 is connected to the fifth interface end a5 of the valve group 31 through the radiator 37.
  • the second cooling medium can exchange heat with the air around the radiator 37 through the radiator 37 to control the temperature of the second cooling medium.
  • the second cooling medium exchanges heat with the air in the environment where the front-end cooling module is located through the radiator 37 to increase or decrease the temperature of the second cooling medium. For example, when the temperature of the second cooling medium is lower than the ambient temperature (the ambient temperature where the front-end cooling module is located) in winter, the second cooling medium can be heated based on the ambient temperature. For example, when the temperature of the second cooling medium is higher than the ambient temperature in summer, the second cooling medium can be cooled based on the ambient temperature.
  • radiator 37 may also be included in the above-mentioned electric drive circuit S2.
  • the radiator 37 can also achieve natural cooling of the electric driver 36.
  • the fifth interface end a5 and the sixth interface end a6 of the valve group 31 are connected through a path inside the valve group 31.
  • the heat generated by the operation of the electric driver 36 is taken away by the second cooling medium and enters the radiator 37.
  • the heat is dissipated by the radiator 37 to the environment around the front-end cooling module, thereby achieving natural cooling of the electric driver 36.
  • the valve group 31 can also have a ninth interface end a9, and the ninth interface end a9 of the valve group 31 is connected to the electric drive pipeline 34.
  • the connection between the ninth interface end a9 of the valve group 31 and the electric drive pipeline 34 is close to the output end of the radiator 37.
  • Such a setting can increase the operating condition range that can be achieved by the thermal management system 10, and whether to use the radiator 37 can be determined according to usage requirements.
  • the second interface end a2 in addition to being connected to the fifth interface end a5, the second interface end a2 can also be connected to the ninth interface end a9, so that the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel can be used to dissipate heat from the electric driver 36.
  • a cooling fan 80 may also be provided in the front-end cooling module, and the cooling fan 80 may realize heat exchange between the air in the environment where the front-end cooling module is located and the radiator 37 .
  • the second cooling medium loop 30 may further include: a kettle 38, which is connected to the electric drive pipeline 34. Since the kettle 38 is a container with an upper end opening, the kettle 38 can filter out the gas, and only the liquid second cooling medium is allowed to circulate in the second cooling medium loop 30, so as to improve the cooling effect or the heating effect.
  • the kettle 38 can be connected before the second cooling medium flows into the input end of the electric drive water pump 35.
  • the output end of the electric drive 36 is connected to the input end of the electric drive water pump 35 through part of the electric drive pipeline 34, and the kettle 38 is connected to the electric drive pipeline 34 between the electric drive water pump 35 and the electric drive 36 as shown by the solid line between the kettle 38 and the radiator 37 in FIG3.
  • the kettle 38 can also be connected to the radiator 37 (as shown by the dotted line between the kettle 38 and the radiator 37 in FIG3).
  • kettle 38 can also be included in the electric drive circuit S2.
  • the second cooling medium circuit 30 may further include: a battery line 39, a battery water pump 40 and a battery pack 41, and the valve group 31 has at least eight interface terminals.
  • the input end and the output end of the battery line 39 are respectively connected to the seventh interface terminal a7 and the eighth interface terminal a8 of the valve group 31.
  • the battery water pump 40 and the battery pack 41 are respectively connected in series to the battery line 39.
  • the output end of the battery water pump 40 can be connected to the input end of the battery pack 41 through part of the battery pipeline 39, or the input end of the battery water pump 40 can be connected to the output end of the battery pack 41 through part of the battery pipeline 39, which is not limited here.
  • the function of the battery water pump 40 is to allow the second cooling medium in the valve group 31 to circulate in the battery pipeline 39, so that the second cooling medium can heat or cool the battery pack 41.
  • the second cooling medium circulating in the battery pipeline 39 can be the second cooling medium in the first flow channel or the fourth flow channel, which can be determined according to the heating demand or cooling demand of the battery pack 41. For example, when the battery pack 41 needs to be heated, it can be the second cooling medium in the first flow channel.
  • the loop formed by the battery pipeline 39 , the battery water pump 40 and the battery pack 41 for the flow of the second cooling medium may also be referred to as a battery loop S3 .
  • the second cooling medium circuit 30 can also include: a three-way valve 42, the input end of the three-way valve 42 is connected to the output end of the heater core 43, the first output end of the three-way valve 42 is connected to the input end L11 of the first flow channel, and the second output end of the three-way valve 42 is connected to the input end of the battery water pump 40.
  • the second cooling medium in the heater core 43 can not only return to the valve group 31 through the first flow channel, but also flow to the battery water pump 40 through the three-way valve 42, thereby increasing the working conditions of the thermal management system 10.
  • the input end of the battery line 39 may also be connected to the input end L11 of the first flow channel, and a second one-way valve 282 is provided between the battery line 39 and the input end L11 of the first flow channel, and the second one-way valve 282 is used to allow the second cooling medium to flow from the seventh interface end a7 of the valve group 31 to the input end L11 of the first flow channel.
  • the second cooling medium in the warm air circuit S1 and the battery circuit S3 can be mixed, and the passenger compartment and the battery pack 41 can be heated simultaneously to meet the use requirements.
  • the input end of the battery circuit 39 can also be connected to the output end L12 of the first flow channel, as shown in FIG11 , which is a structural schematic diagram of another thermal management system provided in an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG11 , the input end of the battery circuit 39 is connected to the output end L12 of the first flow channel, and a second one-way valve 282 is provided between the battery circuit 39 and the output end L12 of the first flow channel.
  • the second one-way valve 282 is used to allow the second cooling medium to flow from the seventh interface end a7 of the valve group 31 to the output end L12 of the first flow channel, so that the second cooling medium in the warm air circuit S1 can be mixed with the second cooling medium in the battery circuit S3, so that the passenger compartment and the battery pack 41 can be heated simultaneously.
  • the valve group 31 can be a nine-way valve.
  • the nine-way valve By using the nine-way valve to implement the adjustment structure of the valve group 31, the difficulty of pipeline design can be reduced, and the volume occupied by the valve group 31 can be reduced, which is conducive to improving the integration of the thermal management system 10.
  • the nine-way valve can make the electric drive circuit S2, the battery circuit S3, the warm air circuit S1 and the first cooling medium circuit 20 be arranged in series and parallel, and the second cooling medium can meet the needs of heating or cooling the battery pack 41, cooling the electric drive 36 and heating the passenger compartment.
  • the thermal management system 10 may further include: an integrated unit 90, where the integrated unit 90 refers to a module that integrates some components and pipelines of the thermal management system 10, which can achieve modular configuration and help reduce the system volume and system pressure drop of the thermal management system 10.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the integrated unit 90A may include a first heat exchanger 22, a second heat exchanger 23, a liquid storage tank 29, a first stop valve 26, a second throttle valve 25, a first check valve 281, a heater water pump 33, a battery water pump 40, a valve group 31 and a pipeline.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another integrated unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the integrated unit 90B may include a first heat exchanger 22, a second heat exchanger 23, a liquid storage tank 29, a first stop valve 26, a second stop valve 27, a second throttle valve 25, a first check valve 281, a warm air water pump 33, a battery water pump 40, an electric drive water pump 35, a valve group 31 and a pipeline.
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another integrated unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the integrated unit 90C may include a first heat exchanger 22, a second heat exchanger 23, a liquid storage tank 29, a first stop valve 26, a second stop valve 27, a first throttle valve 24, a second throttle valve 25, a first check valve 281, a warm air water pump 33, a battery water pump 40, an electric drive water pump 35, a valve group 31 and a pipeline.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another integrated unit provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the integrated unit 90D may include a first heat exchanger 22, a second heat exchanger 23, a liquid storage tank 29, a second throttle valve 25, a battery water pump 40, an electric drive water pump 35, a valve group 31 and a pipeline.
  • the components and pipelines integrated in the integrated unit 90 are not limited to the above-mentioned combinations. Therefore, the integrated unit 90 may at least include a valve group 31, a first heat exchanger 22 and a second heat exchanger 23, a liquid storage tank 29, a first stop valve 26, a second throttle valve 25, a first check valve 281, a heater water pump 33, a battery water pump 40, a battery water pump 40 and one or more of the pipelines.
  • thermal management system 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is further explained below using various working conditions as examples.
  • FIG16 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present application in the operating conditions of heating the passenger compartment and the battery pack.
  • the thermal management system 10 performs a heat pump mode.
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is disconnected from the input end L31 of the third flow channel
  • the output end of the evaporation core 50 is disconnected from the input end of the compressor 21
  • the input end L31 of the third flow channel is connected to the output end of the evaporation core 50
  • the output end and input end of the compressor 21 are connected to the input end L21 of the second flow channel and the output end of the evaporation core 50, respectively.
  • the output end L12 of the first flow channel is connected to the input end of the warm air core 43 through the valve group 31.
  • the first cooling medium exchanges heat at the evaporator core 50 to achieve the first heating of the air entering the passenger compartment.
  • a portion of the second cooling medium obtained by heat exchange at the first heat exchanger 22 enters the heater core 43 through the valve group 31 and exchanges heat with the air after the first heating to achieve the second heating of the air entering the passenger compartment, thereby increasing the temperature of the air entering the passenger compartment to achieve heating of the passenger compartment.
  • Another portion of the second cooling medium obtained by heat exchange at the first heat exchanger 22 enters the battery circuit S3 through the valve group 31 to achieve heating of the battery pack 41.
  • the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel can also be used to dissipate heat from the electric driver 36.
  • the electric driver 36 can also be naturally cooled by the radiator 37, which will not be described in detail here.
  • FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system provided by the embodiment of the present application in the condition of heating the passenger compartment and cooling the battery pack.
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is disconnected from the input end L31 of the third flow channel
  • the output end of the evaporation core 50 is disconnected from the input end of the compressor 21
  • the input end L31 of the third flow channel is connected to the output end of the evaporation core 50
  • the output end and input end of the compressor 21 are connected to the input end L21 of the second flow channel and the output end of the evaporation core 50, respectively.
  • the warm air circuit S1 is not connected to the battery circuit S3, and the fourth flow channel is connected to the battery pipeline 39 through the valve group 31.
  • the first cooling medium exchanges heat at the evaporation core 50 to achieve the first heating of the air entering the passenger compartment
  • the second cooling medium in the warm air core 43 exchanges heat with the air after the first heating to achieve the second heating of the air entering the passenger compartment, thereby increasing the temperature of the air entering the passenger compartment to achieve heating of the passenger compartment.
  • the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel flows into the battery circuit S3 through the valve group 31 to achieve cooling of the battery pack 41.
  • the electric driver 36 can also be cooled by the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel, or the heat generated by the electric driver 36 can be dissipated to the environment through the radiator 37 to achieve natural cooling of the electric driver 36.
  • FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present application in the operating conditions of passenger compartment cooling and battery pack cooling.
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel
  • the output end of the evaporation core 50 is connected to the input end of the compressor 21
  • the input end L31 of the third flow channel is disconnected from the output end of the evaporation core 50
  • the output end and input end of the compressor 21 are connected to the input end L21 of the second flow channel and the output end of the evaporation core 50, respectively.
  • the first cooling medium exchanges heat at the first heat exchanger 22, and the temperature of the first cooling medium decreases. Then, part of the first cooling medium enters the evaporator core 50 and absorbs the heat carried by the air entering the passenger compartment, thereby realizing the cooling of the passenger compartment. Part of the first cooling medium enters the third flow channel and exchanges heat with the second cooling medium in the fourth flow channel, thereby reducing the temperature of the second cooling medium and obtaining a low-temperature second cooling medium.
  • the low-temperature second cooling medium enters the battery pipeline 39 through the valve group 31, thereby realizing the heat dissipation of the battery pack 41.
  • FIG19 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system provided by an embodiment of the present application under a condition where the battery pack is naturally cooled.
  • the input end L31 of the third flow channel is disconnected from the output end L22 of the second flow channel
  • the output end L22 of the second flow channel is connected to the input end of the evaporation core 50
  • the output end of the evaporation core 50 is disconnected from the input end of the compressor 21 and connected to the input end L31 of the third flow channel, that is, the passenger compartment is heated, and thus omitted from the figure.
  • valve group 31 The conduction relationship of some interface ends of the valve group 31 is shown in FIG19, so that the fourth flow channel, the battery circuit S3, and the electric drive circuit S2 with the radiator 37 are connected in series through the valve group 31 to form a natural cooling loop, which is driven by at least one of the battery water pump 40 and the electric drive water pump 35.
  • the heat generated by the battery pack 41 and the electric drive 36 causes the temperature of the second cooling medium to rise, and the temperature of the second cooling medium decreases after passing through the radiator 37, that is, the heat is dissipated for the electric drive 36 and the battery pack 41 through the radiator 37.
  • the loop combination of the flow direction of the second cooling medium in the second cooling medium circuit 30 depends on the conduction relationship between the various interface ends of the valve group 31, that is, the valve group 31 has multiple conduction modes to correspond to various operating conditions.
  • it can be arranged according to the heating or cooling requirements of the battery pack 41.
  • the battery circuit S3 can form a loop by itself to achieve uniform temperature of the battery pack 41.
  • the warm air circuit S1 is connected in series with the battery circuit S3 or the fourth flow channel, and when the second cooling medium circuit 30 is not involved in heat exchange, the uniform temperature of the battery pack 41 can also be achieved.
  • the flow direction of the first cooling medium and the flow direction of the second cooling medium can be combined to form a variety of working conditions.
  • the number of working conditions is too large to list one by one.
  • the several working conditions described in the above multiple figures are only examples of typical working conditions. In addition to these examples, the functions covered by other combinations are also within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the positional relationship between the various components of the thermal management system 10 is only for illustration and does not constitute a restriction on the actual position.
  • the flow direction of the first cooling medium through the first heat exchanger 22 is in the downstream direction, from right to left.
  • One of the purposes of such an arrangement is to facilitate drawing and does not constitute a restriction. Therefore, based on the drawings of the present application, the flow direction of the first cooling medium can be changed.
  • the input end L11 of the first flow channel is close to the output end of the compressor 21 (downstream direction), but the input end L11 of the first flow channel can also be set away from the output end of the compressor 21 (the flow direction of the first cooling medium through the first heat exchanger 22 is countercurrent direction).

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供一种热管理系统及车辆。热管理系统包括压缩机、第一换热器、第二换热器和阀组。第一换热器包括相互隔离的第一流道和第二流道,第二换热器包括相互隔离的第三流道和第四流道。压缩机的输入端与第三流道的输出端连通并用于与设置在车辆上的蒸发芯体的输出端相连,压缩机的输出端与第二流道的输入端相连。第一流道的输入端用于与车辆的暖风芯体的输出端相连。第二流道的输出端与第三流道的输入端相连,第二流道的输出端还用于与蒸发芯体的输入端相连。第三流道的输入端还用于与蒸发芯体的输出端相连。通过热管理系统可以对进入乘员舱内的空气进行二次加热,可以提高进入乘员舱内的暖风的温度,有助于提高乘员舱内的温度。

Description

热管理系统及车辆 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及热管理技术领域,特别涉及一种热管理系统及车辆。
背景技术
车辆使用电池作为能量源,由于电池电量的限制,车辆对能量利用率要求更高。另外,电动车的热管理系统除了要满足乘员舱的制热需求和制冷需求外,还要对车辆的电池或电驱器进行加热或冷却,使电池或电驱器在合理温度范围内工作。
目前,通常采用带热泵或加热器的热管理系统来满足乘员舱的制热需求和制冷需求,但其在满足乘员舱的制热需求时,虽然能够提高乘员舱内的温度,但乘员舱内的温度依然较低,无法满足乘员的取暖需求。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种热管理系统以及车辆。该热管理系统可以提高车辆的乘员舱内的温度,能够满足用户的取暖需求。
本申请实施例第一方面提供一种热管理系统,其至少包:第一冷却介质回路和第二冷却介质回路。所述第一冷却介质回路包括压缩机、第一换热器和第二换热器。所述第一换热器包括相互隔离的第一流道和第二流道,所述第二换热器包括相互隔离的第三流道和第四流道。所述压缩机的输入端与所述第三流道的输出端连通并用于与设置在车辆上的蒸发芯体的输出端相连,所述压缩机的输出端与所述第二流道的输入端相连。所述第一流道的输入端用于与车辆的暖风芯体的输出端相连。所述第二流道的输出端与所述第三流道的输入端相连,所述第二流道的输出端还用于与所述蒸发芯体的输入端相连。所述第三流道的输入端还用于与所述蒸发芯体的输出端相连。所述第二冷却介质回路包括具有至少四个接口端的阀组。所述阀组的第一接口端和第二接口端分别与所述第四流道的输入端和输出端相连,所述阀组的第三接口端与所述第一流道的输出端相连,所述阀组的第四接口端用于与所述暖风芯体的输入端相连。所述热管理系统至少配置有热泵模式,当所述热管理系统执行所述热泵模式时,所述第一流道内的第一冷却介质流入所述蒸发芯体内并与所述蒸发芯体周围的空气进行换热,且换热后的第一冷却介质通过所述第三流道内回到所述压缩机中。其中,与所述蒸发芯体内的第一冷却介质换热过的空气还与所述暖风芯体内的第二冷却介质进行换热。
本申请实施例的热管理系统执行热泵模式时,由于第二流道的输出端与蒸发芯体的输入端连通,蒸发芯体的输出端与第三流道的输入端连通,从而第二流道内的第一冷却介质在与第一流道的第二冷却介质换热后可以进入蒸发芯体,第一冷却介质通过蒸发芯体能够与蒸发芯体周围的空气进行换热,以升高蒸发芯体周围的空气的温度,实现对空气的第一次加热。另外,暖风芯体内的第二冷却介质也会和与蒸发芯体内的第一冷却介质换热后的空气进行热换,实现对空气的第二次加热。由于蒸发芯体内的第一冷却介质的温度低于暖风芯体内的第二冷却介质的温度,进入车 辆的乘员舱内的空气会先经过蒸发芯体升温,升温后的空气再经过暖风芯体加热,从而空气的加热过程实现了“二次加热”的效果。因此,当热管理系统处于热泵模式时,蒸发芯体可以复用为预加热器(冷凝器),从而蒸发芯体和暖风芯体可以对进入乘员舱内的空气进行二次加热,可以提高热管理系统的制热量以及能效比COP,从而可以提高乘员舱内的温度,满足用户的制暖需求。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述第一冷却介质回路还包括:第一节流阀和第二节流阀。所述第二流道的输出端通过所述第一节流阀与所述蒸发芯体的输入端相连。所述第三流道的输入端通过所述第二节流阀分别与所述第二流道的输出端和所述蒸发芯体的输出端相连。通过第一节流阀可以控制流入蒸发芯体内的第一冷却介质的流量,使得蒸发芯体的加热效果尽量满足用户需求。通过第二节流阀可以控制流入第三流道内的第一冷却介质的流量,有助于提高第二换热器的使用效果。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述第一冷却介质回路还包括:第一截止阀和第二截止阀。所述第二流道的输出端通过所述第一截止阀与所述第三流道的输入端相连。所述压缩机的输入端通过所述第二截止阀与所述蒸发芯体的输出端相连。通过第一截止阀和/或第二截止阀的导通或断开,可以控制第一冷却介质的流向,使得热管理系统还可以配置有制冷模式,当热管理系统位于制冷模式时,至少可以降低乘员舱内的温度,满足用户的制冷需求。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述第一冷却介质回路还包括:第一单向阀,所述蒸发芯体的输出端通过第一单向阀与所述第三流道的输入端相连,所述第一单向阀用于使第一冷却介质从所述蒸发芯体的输出端流向所述第三流道的输入端。当热管理系统执行热泵模式时,可以确保第一冷却介质始终从蒸发芯体流入第三流道内。另外,在单独对电池包制冷时,第一单向阀可以避免第一冷却介质从第三流道流向蒸发芯体。另外,在对乘员舱和电池包同时制冷时,由于蒸发芯体出口处的压力小于第三流道的输入端处的压力,使得第一冷却介质无法从蒸发芯体流入第三流道内,也无法从第三流道流入蒸发芯体内(通过第一单向阀的单向流通的作用)。另外,当对乘员舱单独制冷时,第一冷却介质可以从蒸发芯体流向第二节流阀,但由于第二节流阀关闭,第一冷却介质无法流入第三流道内,从而不影响系统的当前功能。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述第一冷却介质回路还包括:储液罐,所述储液罐的输入端与所述第二流道的输出端相连,所述储液罐的输出端分别与所述第三流道的输入端和所述蒸发芯体的输入端相连。如此设置,储液罐可以根据制冷效果或制热效果调整第一冷却介质回路中的第一冷却介质的总量,例如,在第一冷却介质的总量减少时,储液罐可以自动储存更多的第一冷却介质。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:电加热器和暖风水泵。所述电加热器的输入端与所述暖风水泵的输出端连通,所述电加热器的输出端与所述暖风芯体的输入端连通。所述暖风水泵的输入端与所述阀组的第四接口端相连。暖风水泵可以将第二冷却介质输送至暖风芯体内,使得第二冷却介质能够通过暖风芯体与换热后的空气进行换热,对进入乘员舱内的空气进行第二次加热。电加热器可以提高第二冷却介质的温度,有助于提高热管理系统的制热效果,例如,可以提高第二冷却介质与换热后的空气的换热量,可以进一步地提高进入乘员舱内的空气的温度。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述阀组具有至少六个接口端,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:电驱管路、电驱水泵和电驱器。所述电驱管路的输入端与所述阀组的第五接口端相连,所述电驱管路的输出端与所述阀组的第六接口端相连。所述电驱水泵和所述电驱器分别串联在所述电驱管 路上。如此设置,热管理系统除了可以对乘员舱进行升温或降温外,还可以对电驱器进行加热或降温,使得电驱器以合理温度工作。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:散热器,所述电驱管路的输入端通过所述散热器与所述阀组的第五接口端相连。如此设置,第二冷却介质可以通过散热器与散热器周围的空气进行换热,以控制第二冷却介质的温度。例如,当升高第二冷却介质的温度或降低第二冷却介质的温度。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:水壶,所述水壶与所述电驱管路相连。由于水壶是一种上端开口的容器,从而使用水壶可以过滤掉气体,只让液态的第二冷却介质在第二冷却介质回路中循环流动,以提高制冷效果或制热效果。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:电池管路、电池水泵和电池包,所述阀组具有至少八个接口端。所述电池管路的输入端和输出端分别与所述阀组的七接口端和第八接口端相连。所述电池水泵和所述电池包分别串联在所述电池管路上。如此设置,热管理系统除了对乘员舱和电驱器进行制热或制冷外,热管理系统还可以对电池包进行制热或制冷,以升高或降低电池包的温度,从而热管理系统还可以对电池包、乘员舱和电驱器中的至少一个进行加热或制冷。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述阀组的第七接口端还通过第二单向阀与所述第一流道的输入端相连,所述第二单向阀用于使第二冷却介质从所述阀组的第七接口端流向所述第一流道的输入端,如此可以增加热管理系统的工况。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:三通阀,所述三通阀的输入端与所述暖风芯体的输出端连通,所述三通阀的第一输出端与所述第一流道的输入端相连,所述三通阀的第二输出端与所述电池水泵的输入端相连。如此设置,暖风芯体内的第二冷却介质除了通过第一流道回到阀组外,还可通过三通阀流向电池水泵,从而可以增加热管理系统的工况。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述阀组为九通阀,通过九通阀来实现阀组的调节结构,可以降低管路设计难度,降低阀组占用的体积,有利于提高热管理系统的集成化。
在一种可能的实施方式中,所述热管理系统还包括:集成单元。所述阀组、所述第一换热器和所述第二换热器中的一项或多项集成在所述集成单元中。通过将热管理系统的部分部件集成在集成单元中,可以减小热管理系统体积以及系统压降,有助于提高热管理系统的系统能效,另外,还可以通过模块化的方式进行热管理系统的安装。
本申请实施例第二方面提供一种车辆,包括车辆主体以及如第一方面任一项所述的热管理系统,所述热管理系统安装在所述车辆主体上。所述车辆主体包括乘员舱、空调箱、暖风芯体以及蒸发芯体,所述空调箱的出风口与所述乘员舱连通,所述暖风芯体设置在所述空调箱中并靠近所述空调箱的出风口,所述蒸发芯体设置在所述空调箱中并靠近所述空调箱的进风口。当所述热管理系统执行热泵模式时,所述热管理系统的第二流道的输出端与所述蒸发芯体的输入端连通,所述蒸发芯体的输出端与所述热管理系统的第三流道的输入端连通,所述第三流道的输出端与所述热管理系统的压缩机的输入端连通,所述压缩机的输出端与所述第二流道的输入端连通。
附图说明
图1为相关技术中的一种热管理系统的结构示意图;
图2为相关技术中的另一种热管理系统的结构示意图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种热管理系统处于热泵模式的结构示意图;
图4为本申请实施例提供的另一种热管理系统处于热泵模式的结构示意图;
图5为图3所示实施例的热管理系统中的第一冷却介质处于第二流向环路的结构示意图;
图6为图3所示实施例的热管理系统中的第一冷却介质处于第三流向环路的结构示意图;
图7为图3所示实施例的热管理系统中的第一冷却介质处于第四流向环路的结构示意图;
图8为图3所示实施例的热管理系统中的第一环路和第二环路的结构示意图;
图9为采用可全通型节流阀作为第一节流阀的热管理系统处于热泵模式时的压焓图;
图10为采用不可全通型节流阀作为第一节流阀的热管理系统处于热泵模式时的压焓图;
图11为本申请实施例提供的又一种热管理系统的结构示意图;
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种集成单元的结构示意图;
图13为本申请实施例提供的另一种集成单元的结构示意图;
图14为本申请实施例提供的又一种集成单元的结构示意图;
图15为本申请实施例提供的再一种集成单元的结构示意图;
图16为本申请实施例提供的热管理系统处于乘员舱制热、电池包制热的工况下的一种示意图;
图17为本申请实施例提供的热管理系统处于乘员舱制热、电池包制冷的工况下的一种示意图;
图18为本申请再实施例提供的热管理系统处于乘员舱制冷、电池包制冷的工况下的一种示意图;
图19为本申请实施例提供的热管理系统处于电池包自然冷却的工况下的示意图。
附图标记说明:
10、热管理系统;
20、第一冷却介质回路;
21、压缩机;22、第一换热器;23、第二换热器;24、第一节流阀;25、第二节流阀;26、第一截止阀;27、第二截止阀;281、第一单向阀;282、第二单向阀;29、储液罐;
30、第二冷却介质回路;
31、阀组;
a1、第一接口端;a2、第二接口端;a3、第三接口端;a4、第四接口端;a5、第五接口端;a6、第六接口端;a7、第七接口端;a8、第八接口端;a9、第九接口端;
32、电加热器;33、暖风水泵;
34、电驱管路;35、电驱水泵;36、电驱器;37、散热器;38、水壶;
39、电池管路;40、电池水泵;41、电池包;42、三通阀;
43、暖风芯体;
50、蒸发芯体;
60、空调箱;
70、空调箱风扇;
80、冷却风扇;
90、集成单元;
S1、暖风回路;S2、电驱回路;S3、电池回路;S4、第一环路。
具体实施方式
电动汽车使用电池作为能量源,由于电池电量的限制,电动汽车对能量利用率要求更高。热管理系统是电动汽车的重要组成部分,承担着保障乘员舱舒适性、保证电驱系统与电池系统热安全的作用,其能量利用效率直接关系到整车的能耗与续航。在热管理系统中,能耗占比最大的是乘员舱热管理模块,其具备夏季制冷、冬季制热的作用。
例如,图1为相关技术中的一种热管理系统的结构示意图。参考图1,该相关技术中的热管理系统包括外壳12以及至少部分被布置在外壳12内的第一回路14和第二回路16。第一回路包括全部串联设置的压缩机22、冷凝器24、储液器26、电子膨胀阀28和冷却器30。第二回路16包括进水口34、第一多向阀36、低温散热器38、冷却器30、水箱40、水泵42、PTC(Positive temperature efficiency,正比例系数加热器)44、第二多向阀46以及多个出水口48。通过控制第一多向阀36的开度来决定水路系统通过管路56走低温散热器38实现低冷却模式、通过管路54走冷却器30实现高冷却模式,通过PTC44和管路58直接回储水箱40实现加热模式,因此,该热管理系统被配置有三种模式:高冷却模式、低冷却模式和加热模式。但是该热管理系统存在以下问题:1、该热管理系统只能够对电池、电驱等元器件实现加热和冷却,无法同时兼顾乘员舱的加热和冷却。2、加热功能完全依靠加热器,能效比低。
图2为相关技术中的另一种热管理系统的结构示意图。参考图2,该相关技术中的热管理系统可以包括电动压缩机1、板式换热器2、第一电子膨胀阀30、第二电子膨胀阀25、电池冷却器7、气液分离器8、第一电子阀27、第二电子阀29、第三电子阀28、第四电子阀26、止回阀24、第一膨胀水箱14、散热器、第一水泵12、水路四通阀21。其中,板式换热器2在制冷模式下作为冷凝器,将热量通过电驱水回路带走,板式换热器2在制热模式下作为蒸发器时可将电驱产生的热量进行余热回收。然而,该热管理系统虽然可以对乘员舱进行制热,但是乘员舱和电池的加热均通过加热器(例如PTC)实现,制热能效低。另外,整个热管理系统的集成度低,安装部件和管路较为分散。
然而,加热器采暖的原理是将电能转变为热能,具备制热速率快、成本低等优点,但由于其能效比COP低于1,故存在能量利用率低的不足,因此,采用PTC加热方式的热管理方案的电动汽车,冬季续航里程会大幅度降低,例如降低30%以上。且随着电动汽车市场的发展,消费者对电动汽车的续航里程的敏感程度越来越高,这要求电动汽车实现更加高效的冬季制热方式。为此,相关技术中的一些热管理系统也通过热泵制热技术来满足乘员舱的采暖需求。
其中,热泵制热技术指的是,将蒸汽状态的制冷剂通过压缩机压缩做功,将高温高压制冷剂的热量释放给乘员舱,然后通过膨胀阀节流膨胀后,从室外低温环境吸热,再回到压缩机进行压缩。从能量守恒角度来说,热泵系统将室外低温环境空气中的热量通过压缩机压缩作用提升能量品位后释放到乘员舱或电池包等需要热量的地方。由于从环境吸收“免费”的热量,因此,热泵制热技术的能效比COP会远高于加热器的能效比COP,可以达到2.0以上甚至更高,从而实现节能和提升电动汽车续航里程的效果。
但是,在低温环境中,热泵系统虽然能够提高乘员舱内的温度,即相关技术中具有热泵的热管理系统对乘员舱制热时,存在制热量不足,使得进入乘员舱内的暖风的温度较低,从而乘员舱内的温度上升幅度较小,导致乘员舱内的温度依然较低,并不能完全满足用户的取暖需求。
有鉴于此,本申请实施例提供一种车辆,该车辆可以包括车辆主体和热管理系统10。车辆主体可以包括空调箱60、暖风芯体43以及蒸发芯体50。空调箱60的出风口与乘员舱连通,暖风芯 体43设置在空调箱60中并靠近空调箱60的出风口,蒸发芯体50设置在空调箱60中并靠近空调箱60的进风口。参考图3,热管理系统10可以包括第一冷却介质回路20和第二冷却介质回路30。暖风芯体43设置第二冷却介质回路30中,蒸发芯体50设置在第一冷却介质回路20中。热管理系统10至少配置有热泵模式,当热管理系统10执行热泵模式时,第一冷却介质可以通过蒸发芯体50先与进入乘员舱内的空气进行第一次换热,对进入乘员舱内的空气进行第一次加热,第二冷却介质可以通过暖风芯体43与第一次换热后的空气进行第二次换热,对进入乘员舱内的空气进行第二次加热。在热泵模式中,由于蒸发芯体50内的第一冷却介质的温度低于暖风芯体43内的第二冷却介质的温度并高于从进风口进入空调箱60内的空气的温度,从而进入乘员舱内的空气的加热过程实现了“二次加热”的效果,可以提高进入乘员舱内的空气的温度,进而可以提高乘员舱内的温度,可以提高用户的舒适性。
其中,在热泵模式中,蒸发芯体50复用为预加热器(冷凝器),第一冷却介质通过蒸发芯体50放热,以此对进入乘员舱内的空气进行第一次加热,因此,通过暖风芯体43和蒸发芯体50的相互配合,可以提高热管理系统10的系统制热量。另外,由于热管理系统10采用热泵系统满足乘员舱的制热,从而可以提高管理系统的能效比COP。
可以理解的是,本申请实施例的热管理系统10可以执行的模式不仅限于热泵模式,例如,热管理系统10还可以配置有制冷模式,在制冷模式下,至少可以对乘员舱进行制冷,详细描述见下述内容。
在一些实施例中,暖风芯体43和蒸发芯体50也可以被囊括在热管理系统10中,此时,热管理系统10可以至少包括第一冷却介质回路20、第二冷却介质回路30、蒸发芯体50和暖风芯体43。当然,蒸发芯体50也可以作为第一冷却介质回路20的一部分,即第一冷却介质回路20可以包括蒸发芯体50。同理,暖风芯体43也可以作为第二冷却介质回路30的一部分,即第二冷却介质回路30可以包括暖风芯体43。
甚至于,在一些实施例中,空调箱60也可以被囊括在热管理系统10中,此时,热管理系统10可以包括空调箱系统、第一冷却介质回路20和第二冷却介质回路30。空调箱60系统可以包括空调箱60、暖风芯体43以及蒸发芯体50。
继续参考图3,在一些实施例中,空调箱60中还可以设置有空调箱风扇70,空调箱风扇70可以直接将环境空气(既不降温也不升温)吹至乘员舱,也可以将经过蒸发芯体50降温的环境空气吹入乘员舱,还可以将由蒸发芯体50和暖风芯体43加热过的环境空气吹入乘员舱。
下面对本申请实施例提供的不包括暖风芯体43、蒸发芯体50和空调箱60的热管理系统10的实现方式进行阐述。
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种热管理系统处于热泵模式的结构示意图。参见图3所示,本申请实施例提供的热管理系统10,可以包括:第一冷却介质回路20和第二冷却介质回路30。其中,第一冷却介质回路20中的循环介质为第一冷却介质。第二冷却介质回路30中的循环介质为第二冷却介质。需要说明的是,本申请实施例中,第一冷却介质可以包括但不限于R134a制冷剂、R744(二氧化碳)、R718(水)、R290(丙烷)、R717(氨)、R410a、R32、R1234yf、R502、R12、R22、R407c、R600a等制冷剂或者这些制冷剂中的任意两种及以上的组合。第二冷却介质可以包括但不限于水、防冻液或者乙二醇等。例如,第一冷却介质可以为以R134a为制冷剂,第二冷却介质可以为冷却液。
继续参考图3,第一冷却介质回路20可以包括压缩机21、第一换热器22和第二换热器23。 第一换热器22包括相互隔离的第一流道和第二流道。第二换热器23包括相互隔离的第三流道和第四流道。压缩机21的输入端与第三流道的输出端L32连通并用于与蒸发芯体50的输出端相连,压缩机21的输出端与第二流道的输入端L21相连。第一流道的输入端L11用于与暖风芯体43的输出端相连。第二流道的输出端L22与第三流道的输入端L31相连,第二流道的输出端L22还用于与蒸发芯体50的输入端相连。第三流道的输入端L31还用于与蒸发芯体50的输出端相连。
继续参考图3,第二冷却介质回路30可以包括具有至少四个接口端的阀组31。阀组31的第一接口端a1和第二接口端a2分别与第四流道的输入端L41和输出端L42相连,阀组31的第三接口端a3与第一流道的输出端L12相连,阀组31的第四接口端a4用于与暖风芯体43的输入端相连。
阀组31的接口端的数量可以是4、5、6、、7、8、9等数值,这里不做限制。其中,接口端的数量可以根据热管理系统10的使用需求而定。另外,阀组31可以包括至少一个具有多个接口端的阀门,也可以设置为多个阀门的组合。例如四通阀、五通阀、九通阀,或者,阀组31可以包括两个三通阀。
多个接口端通过阀组31内部的结构相互导通,例如,参见图3所示,第一接口端a1与第六接口端a6连通,第二接口端a2与第五接口端a5连通,第三接口端a3与第四接口端a4连通,第七接口端a7与第八接口端a8连通。当然,各个接口端的导通关系不局限于图3所示的导通关系。另外,各个接口端的位置并不局限于图3所示,图3中各个接口端的位置仅为一种示意,例如图4为本申请实施例提供的另一种热管理系统处于热泵模式的结构示意图,参见图4所示,阀组31的各个接口端的位置与图3中的各个接口端的位置不同。
由于第二流道的输出端L22分别与第三流道的输入端L31和蒸发芯体50的输入端相连,因此,第二流道的输出端L22可以与第三流道的输入端L31导通,或者,第二流道的输出端L22可以与蒸发芯体50的输入端导通,或者,第二流道的输出端L22可以分别与第三流道的输入端L31和蒸发芯体50的输入端导通,因此,从第二流道流出的第一冷却介质的流向有两个:一是流向第三流道中并与第四流道中的第二冷却介质换热后回到压缩机21中,二是流向蒸发芯体50内并与蒸发芯体50周围的空气发生换热,换热后的第一冷却介质的流向也有两个:一是回到压缩机21中,二是流入第三流道并与第四流道中的第二冷却介质换热后回到压缩机21中。由此可知,第一冷却介质回路20中可以构成多个流向环路,以满足不同的使用需求。例如:
第一冷却介质的流向可以为第一流向环路时,继续参考图3或图4,第二流道的输出端L22与第三流道的输入端L31不导通,蒸发芯体50的输出端与压缩机21的输入端不导通,蒸发芯体50的输出端与第三流道的输入端L31导通,第三流道的输出端L32与压缩机21的输入端导通。第一流向环路中的第一冷却介质在经压缩机21压缩后进入第二流道内并与第一流道内的第二冷却介质换热,换热后的第一冷却介质流入蒸发芯体50内并与蒸发芯体50周围的空气进行换热,且换热后的第一冷却介质从蒸发芯体50的输出端流入第三流道内,第三流道内的第一冷却介质与第四流道内的第二冷却介质换热后回到压缩机21中。
当车辆所处的外界环境温度较低时,乘员舱内需要制热时,热管理系统10执行热泵模式,第一冷却介质的流向为第一流向环路,由于进入空调箱60内的空气为低温空气并低于蒸发芯体50内的第一冷却介质的温度,从而经过蒸发芯体50的低温空气可以被加热。其中,第二流道中的第一冷却介质与第一流道中的第二冷却介质进行第一次换热后,第一冷却介质的热量会传递至第二冷却介质中,使得第一冷却介质的温度会降低,第二冷却介质的温度上升。第一冷却介质通过蒸 发芯体50与进入乘员舱内的空气进行第二次换热后,第一冷却介质中的热量会传递至蒸发芯体50周围的空气中,使得第一冷却介质的温度继续降低,蒸发芯体50周围的空气的温度升高。第三流道中的第一冷却介质与第四流道中的第二冷却介质进行第三次换热时,第一冷却介质会吸收第二冷却介质所携带的热量,从而第一冷却介质的温度升高,第二冷却介质的温度降低。
图5为图3所示实施例的热管理系统中的第一冷却介质处于第二流向环路的结构示意图。参考图5,第一冷却介质的流向可以为第二流向环路时,第二流道的输出端L22与第三流道的输入端L31不导通,蒸发芯体50的输出端与压缩机21的输入端导通,蒸发芯体50的输出端与第三流道的输入端L31不导通,第三流道的输出端L32与压缩机21的输入端导通。此时第二流向环路中的第一冷却介质在经压缩机21压缩后进入第二流道内并与第一流道内的第二冷却介质换热,换热后的第一冷却介质流入蒸发芯体50内并与蒸发芯体50周围的空气进行换热后回到压缩机21中。其中,第二流向环路可以实现单独为乘员舱制冷。
图6为图3所示实施例的热管理系统中的第一冷却介质处于第三流向环路的结构示意图。参考图6,第一冷却介质的流向可以为第三流向环路时,第二流道的输出端L22与第三流道的输入端L31导通,第三流道的输出端L32与压缩机21的输入端导通,压缩机21的输出端与第二流道的输入端L21导通。此时第二流向环路中的第一冷却介质在经压缩机21压缩后进入第二流道内并与第一流道内的第二冷却介质换热,换热后的第一冷却介质流入第三流道内并与第四流道内的第二冷却介质进行换热后回到压缩机21中。
图7为图3所示实施例的热管理系统中的第一冷却介质处于第四流向环路的结构示意图。参考图7,第一冷却介质的流向也可以为第四流向环路,第四流向环路包括第二流向环路和第三流向环路,在第四流向环路中。从第二流道流出的第一冷却介质的流向有两个,一个是流入第三流道中,另一个是流向蒸发芯体50中,分别流入第三流道和蒸发芯体50中的第一冷却介质的流量可以根据实际需求而定,这里不做限制。
可以理解的是,第一冷却介质的流向不仅限于上述的几种流向环路。
图8为图3所示实施例的热管理系统中的第一环路和第二环路的结构示意图。参考图8,第二冷却介质的流向可以包括但不限于以下环路:第一环路S4,该环路中的第二冷却介质从第四流道的输出端L42流向阀组31的第二接口端a2内,随后第二冷介质经过阀组31的内部路径从阀组31的第一接口端a1流向第四流道内。第二环路(如图中S1所示),该环路中的第二冷介质先流入暖风芯体43,随后第二冷介质从暖风芯体43流入第一流道内,第一流道内的第二冷却介质流入阀组31的第三接口端a3,随后第二冷介质经过阀组31的内部路径从阀组31的第四接口端a4再次流入暖风芯体43内。
可以理解的是,第二冷却介质流动的环路不局限于第一环路和第二环路,例如,参见图8,第二冷却机制流动的环路还可以是电驱回路S2和电池回路S3等环路。
当第二冷却介质流动的环路由多个时,可以通过阀组31可以使多个环路的串并联,即可以通过阀组31的内部结构,使得多个接口端具有多种导通模式,实现多个环路的串并联,从而可以对不同部件或同一部件进行制热或热冷,例如,热管理系统10还可以为电池包41制热或制冷。
在本申请实施例中,热管理系统10可以配置有热泵模式、制冷模式等运行模式,当热管理系统10执行热泵模式时,至少可以对乘员舱制热,以提高乘员舱内的温度。当热管理系统10执行制冷模式时,至少可以对乘员舱制冷,以降低乘员舱内的温度。
当热管理系统10执行热泵模式时,第一冷却介质的流向为第一流向环路,第二冷却介质的流 向可以包括第一环路S4和第二环路。例如,在一些实例中,第一冷却介质经过压缩机21进入第二流道内放热并升高第一流道的第二冷却介质的温度,放热后的第一冷却介质进入蒸发芯体50再次放热以升高蒸发芯体50周围的空气(进入空调箱60内的低温空气),再次放热后的第一冷却介质进入第三流道内吸热以降低第四流道内的第二冷却介质的温度,吸热后的第一冷却介质回到压缩机21的输入端。而第二冷却介质经过第一换热器22加热后温度升高,温度升高的第二冷却介质通过阀组31进入暖风芯体43内并放热,以升高被蒸发芯体50加热后的空气的温度。由于蒸发芯体50内的第一冷却介质的温度低于暖风芯体43内的第二冷却介质的温度并高于低温空气的温度,从而空气的加热过程实现了“二次加热”的效果。因此,在热管理系统10执行热泵模式时,蒸发芯体50复用为预加热器(冷凝器),进入乘员舱内的低温空气先经过蒸发芯体50加热,再经过暖风芯体43加热,实现对空气的二次加热,从而可以提高进入乘员舱内的空气的温度,进而可以提高乘员舱内的温度。
在一些可能的实现方式中,继续参考图3,第一冷却介质回路20还可以包括:第一节流阀24和第二节流阀25。第二流道的输出端L22通过第一节流阀24与蒸发芯体50的输入端相连。第三流道的输入端L31通过第二节流阀25分别与第二流道的输出端L22和蒸发芯体50的输出端相连。通过控制第一节流阀24的开度可以控制流入蒸发芯体50内的第一冷却介质的流量,通过控制第二节流阀25的开度可以控制流入第三流道内的第一冷却介质的流量,因此,通过控制第一节流阀24和第二节流阀25,可以满足不同的使用需求。
在一些实例中,第一节流阀24可以是可全通型节流阀,即第一节流阀24全开时,第一节流阀24的内径如管路般大小,第一冷却介质经过第一节流阀24没有压降损失,不产生节流效应。图9为采用可全通型节流阀作为第一节流阀的热管理系统处于热泵模式时的压焓图。图9中,EXV_B代表第二节流阀25、EVAP代表蒸发芯体50、WCOND代表第一换热器22、Comp代表压缩机21、chiller代表第二换热器23。饱和曲线为第一冷却介质的固有属性,梯形的每个边代表了在对应元件中的过程,另外,饱和曲线与梯形构成3个环形。其中,左侧的环形表明了第一冷却介质完全处于液态,中间的环形表明了第一冷却介质处于气液两相,右侧的环形表明了第一冷却介质完全处于气态。由于第一冷却介质在可全通型节流阀中不存在节流效应,从而图9不产生压降。
当然,在一些实例中,第一节流阀24也可以是不可全通型节流阀,即该第一节流阀24全开时,第一冷却介质经过第一节流阀24仍有压降损失,仍会产生节流效应。图10为采用不可全通型节流阀作为第一节流阀的热管理系统处于热泵模式时的压焓图。图10中,EXV_H代表第一节流阀24。通过图10可知,第一冷却介质在第一节流阀24中经历节流效应,在压焓图上产生压降,压力降低后的第一冷却介质在蒸发芯体50中,由于第一冷却介质的温度高于空气进入空调箱60时的进风温度,故第一冷却介质向空气散热,第一冷却介质的温度进一步降低,同时进入空调箱60的空气得到预热。
在一些可能的实施方式中,继续参考图3,第一冷却介质回路20还可以包括:第一截止阀26和第二截止阀27。第二流道的输出端L22通过第一截止阀26与第三流道的输入端L31相连。压缩机21的输入端通过第二截止阀27与蒸发芯体50的输出端相连。通过控制第一截止阀26和/或第二截止阀27的导通或断开,可以控制第一冷却介质的流向,例如,第一截止阀26和第二截止阀27均断开时,第一冷却介质的流向可以为第一流向环路。
在一些可能的实施方式中,继续参考图,第一冷却介质回路20还可以包括:第一单向阀281,蒸发芯体50的输出端通过第一单向阀281与第三流道的输入端L31相连,第一单向阀281用于使 第一冷却介质从蒸发芯体50的输出端流向第三流道的输入端L31。当热管理系统10执行热泵模式时,可以确保第一冷却介质始终从蒸发芯体50流入第三流道内。另外,当蒸发芯体50作为蒸发器,蒸发芯体50的输出端与压缩机21的输入端导通时,第一单向阀281可以起到断开第一冷却介质从蒸发芯体50流向第三流道内的作用,即第一单向阀281具有断开功能。其中,断开功能的原理是:从蒸发芯体50流出的第一冷却介质的压力较小,不足于穿过第一单向阀281内部的机械结构所产生的阻力,因此,第一冷却介质无法流入第三流道内。
在一些可能的实施方式中,继续参考图3,第一冷却介质回路20还可以包括:储液罐29,储液罐29的输入端与第二流道的输出端L22相连,储液罐29的输出端分别与第三流道的输入端L31和蒸发芯体50的输入端相连。如此设置,储液罐29可以根据制冷效果或制热效果调整第一冷却介质回路20中的第一冷却介质的总量,例如,在第一冷却介质的总量减少时,储液罐29可以自动储存更多的第一冷却介质,以确保第一冷却介质正常供应。
在一些可能的实施方式中,继续参考图4,第二冷却介质回路30还可以包括:电加热器32和暖风水泵33。电加热器32的输入端与暖风水泵33的输出端连通,电加热器32的输出端与暖风芯体43的输入端连通。暖风水泵33的输入端与阀组31的第四接口端a4相连。暖风水泵33可以将第二冷却介质输送至暖风芯体43内,使得第二冷却介质能够通过暖风芯体43周围的空气进行换热,从而可以对进入乘员舱内的空气进行第二次加热。当第二冷却介质的温度不高时,通过电加热器32可以提高第二冷却介质的温度,从而可以提高第二冷却介质与换热后的空气的换热量,进而可以提高进入乘员舱内的空气的温度,有助于进一步地提高热管理系统10的制热效果。
其中,在对乘员舱进行制热的过程中,如果经暖风芯体43加热后的暖风的温度合适,可以关掉电加热器32,电加热器32无需工作。当然,在一些实例中,也可以去掉电加热器32。
在本申请实施例中,电加热器32可以是PTC(Positive temperature efficiency,正比例系数加热器)。具体地,电加热器32可以是水冷正比例系数加热器WPTC或风冷正比例系数加热器APTC,这里不做限制。
可以理解的是,第二冷却介质流过具有暖风芯体43、阀组31和第一流道的环路也可以称之为暖风回路S1(为上述内容中的第二环路),顾名思义,暖风回路S1可以用于为乘员舱制热,另外,电加热器32和暖风水泵33也被囊括在暖风回路S1中。
在一些可能的实施方式中,继续参考图3或图4,阀组31具有至少六个接口端,第二冷却介质回路30还可以包括:电驱管路34、电驱水泵35和电驱器36。电驱管路34的输入端与阀组31的第五接口端a5相连,电驱管路34的输出端与阀组31的第六接口端a6相连。电驱水泵35和电驱器36分别串联在电驱管路34上。如此设置,热管理系统10除了可以对乘员舱进行升温或降温外,还可以对电驱器36进行降温,使得电驱器36以合理温度工作。
其中,参考图4,电驱器36的输出端可以通过电驱管路34的部分与电驱水泵35的输入端相连,或者,电驱器36的输入端可以通过电驱管路34的部分与电驱水泵35的输出端相连,这里不做限制。
在本申请实施例中,电驱器36可以包括但不限于:电源分配单元(power distribution unit,PDU)、微控制单元(microcontroller unit,MCU)、映射调试上下文(Mapped Diagnostic Context,MDC)和马达等。
第二冷却介质可以从阀组31的第五接口端a5流入电驱管路34中,随后第二冷却介质可以穿过电驱水泵35和电驱器36,最后从阀组31的第六接口端a6回到阀组31内。其中,流入电驱管 路34的第二冷却介质为第四流道内流入阀组31内的第二冷却介质。
流入电驱管路4内的第二冷却介质可以是第四流道内的第二冷却介质,为此,在一些实力中,参考图4,阀组31的第二接口端a2可以通过阀组31的内部路径与阀组31的第五接口端a5连通,阀组31的第六接口端a6通过阀组31内的内部路径与阀组31的第一接口端a1连通。
当然,第二冷却介质流过具有电驱管路34、电驱水泵35和电驱器36的环路可以称为电驱回路S2,电驱回路S2中的第二冷却介质可以对电驱器36进行降温,使得电驱器36处于合理温度范围内。
继续参考图3或图4,在一些实例中,电驱管路34的输出端还可以与暖风芯体43的输入端相连,从而暖风芯体43内的第二冷却介质可以从阀组31流出后进入电驱管路34,如此可以扩大第二冷却介质流动的环路数量,有助于提高热管理系统10可执行的模式。
电驱管路34的输出端与暖风芯体43的输出端相连的作用之一是:当对乘员舱进行制热时,电驱管路34的输出端还可以与暖风芯体43的输入端连通,第二冷却介质会在暖风回路S1中膨胀,暖风回路S1中的部分第二冷却介质可以进入电驱回路S2中,最后进入水壶38中,可以避免对暖风回路S1的管路造成损坏。
可以理解的是,电驱管路34的输出端还与暖风芯体43的输入端相连为不通过阀组31连接,例如图3或图4,电驱管路34的输出端通过可以通过管路与暖风芯体43的输入端相连,换言之,阀组31的第四接口端a4通过管路与阀组31的第六接口端a6相连。
在一些可能的实施方式中,继续参考图3或图4,第二冷却介质回路30还可以包括:散热器37,电驱管路34的输入端通过散热器37与阀组31的第五接口端a5相连。如此设置,第二冷却介质可以通过散热器37与散热器37周围的空气进行换热,以控制第二冷却介质的温度。
其中,第二冷却介质通过散热器37与前端冷却模组所在环境内的空气进行热换,以升高或降低第二冷却介质的温度。例如第二冷却介质在冬天时的温度比环境温度(前端冷却模组所在的环境温度)要低时,可以基于环境温度升温第二冷却介质。例如第二冷却介质在夏天时的温度比环境温度要高时,可以基于环境温度降温第二冷却介质。
可以理解的是,散热器37也可以被囊括在上述的电驱回路S2中。
散热器37除了用于控制第二冷却介质的温度外,还可以实现电驱器36的自然冷却,例如,在一些实施例中,通过阀组31内部的路径,使得阀组31的第五接口端a5和第六接口端a6连通,电驱器36运行产生的热量,由第二冷却介质带走后进入散热器37中,并被散热器37散热到前端冷却模组周围的环境中,实现电驱器36的自然冷却。
当电驱回路S2中存在散热器37时,阀组31的第五接口端a5除了通过散热器37与电驱管路34相连时,在一些可能地实现方式中,继续参考图3或图4,阀组31还可以具有第九接口端a9,阀组31的第九接口端a9与电驱管路34相连,阀组31的第九接口端a9与电驱管路34的连接处靠近散热器37的输出端,如此设置,可以增加热管理系统10可以实现的工况范围,可以根据使用需求是否使用散热器37,例如,第二接口端a2除了与第五接口端a5导通外,第二接口端a2还可以与第九接口端a9导通,从而可以使用第四流道中的第二冷却介质对电驱器36散热。
继续参考图3或图4,前端冷却模组中还可以设置有冷却风扇80,冷却风扇80可以实现前端冷却模组所在环境的空气与散热器37换热。
在一些可能的实施方式中,继续参考图3或图4,第二冷却介质回路30还可以包括:水壶38,水壶38与电驱管路34相连。由于水壶38是一种上端开口的容器,从而使用水壶38可以过滤掉 气体,只让液态的第二冷却介质在第二冷却介质回路30中循环流动,以提高制冷效果或制热效果。
水壶38可以连接在第二冷却介质流入电驱水泵35的输入端之前,例如,参考图3,电驱器36的输出端通过电驱管路34的部分与电驱水泵35的输入端连通,水壶38与电驱水泵35和电驱器36之间的电驱管路34相连如图3中水壶38与散热器37之间的实线)。另外,当散热器37存在时,水壶38也可以与散热器37相连(如图3中水壶38与散热器37之间的虚线)。
可以理解的是,水壶38也可以被囊括在电驱回路S2中。
在一些可能的实施方式中,继续参考图3和图4,第二冷却介质回路30还可以包括:电池管路39、电池水泵40和电池包41,阀组31具有至少八个接口端。电池管路39的输入端和输出端分别与阀组31的第七接口端a7和第八接口端a8相连。电池水泵40和电池包41分别串联在电池管路39上。如此设置,热管理系统10除了可以对乘员舱和电驱器36进行制热或制冷外,热管理系统10还可以对电池包41进行制热或制冷,以升高或降低电池包41的温度。
其中,电池水泵40的输出端可以通过电池管路39的部分与电池包41的输入端相连,或者,电池水泵40的输入端可以通过电池管路39的部分与电池包41的输出端相连,这里不做限制。
电池水泵40的作用是使阀组31内的第二冷却介质可以在电池管路39中循环流动,从而第二冷却介质可以对电池包41进行加热或降温。其中,在电池管路39中循环流动的第二冷却介质可以是第一流道或第四流道中的第二冷却介质,具体可以根据电池包41的制热需求或制冷需求而定。例如,当电池包41需要制热时,可以是第一流道中的第二冷却介质。
当然,电池管路39、电池水泵40和电池包41所形成的供第二冷却介质流动的回路也可以称之为电池回路S3。
在一些可能的实施方式中,继续参考图3或图4,第二冷却介质回路30还可以包括:三通阀42,三通阀42的输入端与暖风芯体43的输出端连通,三通阀42的第一输出端与第一流道的输入端L11相连,三通阀42的第二输出端与电池水泵40的输入端相连,如此设置,暖风芯体43内的第二冷却介质除了通过第一流道回到阀组31外,还可通过三通阀42流向电池水泵40,从而可以增加热管理系统10的工况。
在一些可能的实施方式中,继续参考图3或图4,电池管路39的输入端还可以与第一流道的输入端L11相连,且电池管路39和第一流道的输入端L11之间设置有第二单向阀282,第二单向阀282用于使第二冷却介质从阀组31的第七接口端a7流向第一流道的输入端L11。如此设置,可以使暖风回路S1和电池回路S3中的第二冷却介质可以混合,可以对乘员舱和电池包41同时加热,满足使用需求。
电池管路39的输入端除了与第一流道的输入端L11相连外,在一些可能的实现方式中,电池管路39的输入端还可以与第一流道的输出端L12相连,如图11为本申请实施例提供的又一种热管理系统的结构示意图。参考图11电池管路39的输入端与第一流道的输出端L12相连,且电池管路39和第一流道的输出端L12之间设置有第二单向阀282,第二单向阀282用于使第二冷却介质从阀组31的第七接口端a7流向第一流道的输出端L12,从而暖风回路S1中的第二冷却介质可以与电池回路S3中的第二冷却介质混合,可以实现对乘员舱和电池包41同时加热。
综上所述,当第二冷却介质回路30包括电池回路S3、电驱回路S2和暖风回路S1时,在一些可能地实现方式中,阀组31可以为九通阀,通过九通阀来实现阀组31的调节结构,可以降低管路设计难度,降低阀组31占用的体积,有利于提高热管理系统10的集成化。
其中,九通阀可以使电驱回路S2、电池回路S3、暖风回路S1和第一冷却介质回路20串并联 设置,第二冷却介质可以满足电池包41制热或制冷、为电驱器36制冷以及为乘员舱制热等需求。
在一些可能的实施方式中,热管理系统10还可以包括:集成单元90,集成单元90指的是将热管理系统10的部分零部件和管路集成一个模块,可以实现模块化配置,有助于减少热管理系统10的系统体积与系统压降。
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种集成单元的结构示意图。在一些实施例中,参考图12,集成单元90A可以包括第一换热器22、第二换热器23、储液罐29、第一截止阀26、第二节流阀25、第一单向阀281、暖风水泵33、电池水泵40、阀组31以及管路。
图13为本申请实施例提供的另一种集成单元的结构示意图。在另一些实施例中,参考图13,集成单元90B可以包括第一换热器22、第二换热器23、储液罐29、第一截止阀26、第二截止阀27、第二节流阀25、第一单向阀281、暖风水泵33、电池水泵40、电驱水泵35、阀组31以及管路。
图14为本申请实施例提供的又一种集成单元的结构示意图。在又一些实施例中,参考图14,集成单元90C可以包括第一换热器22、第二换热器23、储液罐29、第一截止阀26、第二截止阀27、第一节流阀24、第二节流阀25、第一单向阀281、暖风水泵33、电池水泵40、电驱水泵35、阀组31以及管路。
图15为本申请实施例提供的再一种集成单元的结构示意图。在再一些实施例中,参考图15,集成单元90D可以包括第一换热器22、第二换热器23、储液罐29、第二节流阀25、电池水泵40、电驱水泵35、阀组31以及管路。
当然,集成单元90集成的零部件和管路不仅限于上述几种组合,因此,集成单元90至少可以包括阀组31、第一换热器22和第二换热器23、储液罐29、第一截止阀26、第二节流阀25、第一单向阀281、暖风水泵33、电池水泵40、电池水泵40以及管路中的一项或多项。
下面以多种工况作为示例,对本申请实施例提供的热管理系统10的结构做进一步说明。
图16为本申请实施例提供的热管理系统处于乘员舱制热、电池包制热的工况下的一种示意图。参考图16,此工况下,热管理系统10执行热泵模式,在第一冷却介质回路20中,第二流道的输出端L22与第三流道的输入端L31断开,蒸发芯体50的输出端与压缩机21的输入端断开,第三流道的输入端L31与蒸发芯体50的输出端导通,压缩机21的输出端和输入端分别与第二流道的输入端L21和蒸发芯体50的输出端连通。在第二冷却介质回路30中,第一流道的输出端L12通过阀组31与暖风芯体43的输入端导通。
此工况中,第一冷却介质在蒸发芯体50处换热,实现对进入乘员舱内的空气进行第一次加热。在第一换热器22处换热得到第二冷却介质的一部分通过阀组31进入暖风芯体43并与进行第一次加热后的空气换热,实现对进入乘员舱内的空气进行第二次加热,从而可以提高进入乘员舱内的空气的温度,以实现乘员舱制热。在第一换热器22处换热得到第二冷却介质的另一部分通过阀组31进入电池回路S3中,实现对电池包41加热。
另外,在此工况中,也可以使用第四流道中的第二冷却介质对电驱器36进行散热。当然,在一些实施例中,电驱器36也可以通过散热器37实现自然冷却,这里不在详细赘述。
图17为本申请实施例提供的热管理系统处于乘员舱制热、电池包制冷的工况下的一种示意图。参考图17,此工况下,在第一冷却介质回路20中,第二流道的输出端L22与第三流道的输入端L31断开,蒸发芯体50的输出端与压缩机21的输入端断开,第三流道的输入端L31与蒸发芯体50的输出端导通,压缩机21的输出端和输入端分别与第二流道的输入端L21和蒸发芯体50的输 出端连通。在第二冷却介质回路30中,暖风回路S1与电池回路S3不导通,且第四流道通过阀组31与电池管路39连通。
此工况中,第一冷却介质在蒸发芯体50处换热,实现对进入乘员舱内的空气进行第一次加热,暖风芯体43内的第二冷却介质与进行第一次加热后的空气换热,实现对进入乘员舱内的空气进行第二次加热,从而可以提高进入乘员舱内的空气的温度,以实现乘员舱制热。第四流道内的第二冷却介质通过阀组31流入电池回路S3中,实现对电池包41制冷。
需要说明的是,当乘员舱制热、电池包41制冷时,也可以通过第四流道内的第二冷却介质对电驱器36进行制冷,或者,可以通过散热器37将电驱器36产生的热量散热到环境中,实现电驱器36的自然冷却。
图18为本申请实施例提供的热管理系统处于乘员舱制冷、电池包制冷的工况下的一种示意图。参考图18,此工况下,在第一冷却介质回路20中,第二流道的输出端L22与第三流道的输入端L31导通,蒸发芯体50的输出端与压缩机21的输入端导通,第三流道的输入端L31与蒸发芯体50的输出端断开,压缩机21的输出端和输入端分别与第二流道的输入端L21和蒸发芯体50的输出端连通。
此工况中,第一冷却介质在第一换热器22处换热,第一冷却介质的温度降低,随后部分第一冷却介质进入蒸发芯体50内并吸收进入乘员舱内的空气所携带的热量,实现乘员舱的制冷。部分第一冷却介质进入第三流道内并与第四流道内的第二冷却介质换热,使得第二冷却介质的温度降低,获得低温的第二冷却介质,低温的第二冷却介质通过阀组31进入电池管路39,实现电池包41散热。
图19为本申请实施例提供的热管理系统处于电池包自然冷却的工况下的示意图。此工况下,第三流道的输入端L31与第二流道的输出端L22断开,第二流道的输出端L22与蒸发芯体50的输入端导通,蒸发芯体50的输出端与压缩机21的输入端断开并与第三流道的输入端L31导通,即对乘员舱进行制热,因而图中省略未示出。阀组31的部分接口端的导通关系如图19所示,从而第四流道、电池回路S3、具有散热器37的电驱回路S2通过阀组31串联以形成自然冷却环路,该自然冷却环路由电池水泵40和电驱水泵35中的至少一个驱动。电池包41和电驱器36产生的热量使得第二冷却介质的温度升高,第二冷却介质经过散热器37后温度降低,即通过散热器37实现为电驱器36和电池包41散热。
从上述的多个工况模式可以概括得出,第二冷却介质回路30中第二冷却介质的流向的环路组合,形式上取决于阀组31的各个接口端之间的导通关系,即阀组31具有多个导通模式,以对应多种工况,另外,可以根据电池包41的制热或制冷需求来进行排列。示例性地,电池回路S3可以自成回路以实现电池包41的均温。或者,暖风回路S1与电池回路S3或第四流道串联,在第二冷却介质回路30未参与换热时,同样可以实现电池包41的均温。
在上述内容中,第一冷却介质的流向和第二冷却介质的流向可以组合形成多种工况,工况数量较多无法一一穷举,上述多图描述的几种工况,仅为典型工况的举例说明,除了这些示例外,其它组合所覆盖的功能,也在本申请实施例的保护范围内。
需要说明的是,在本申请实施例中,热管理系统10的各个器件之间的位置关系仅为示意,并不构成对实际位置的限制,如图3中,第一冷却介质穿过第一换热器22的流动方向为顺流方向,为从右到左,这么布置的目的之一是便于作图,并不构成限制,因此在本申请的附图的基础上,可以更改第一冷却介质的流动方向,比如:第一流道的输入端L11靠近压缩机21的输出端(顺流 方向),然而第一流道的输入端L11也可以远离压缩机21的输出端设置(第一冷却介质穿过第一换热器22的流动方向为逆流方向)。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种热管理系统,其特征在于,包括:第一冷却介质回路和第二冷却介质回路;
    所述第一冷却介质回路包括压缩机、第一换热器和第二换热器;
    所述第一换热器包括相互隔离的第一流道和第二流道,所述第二换热器包括相互隔离的第三流道和第四流道;
    所述压缩机的输入端与所述第三流道的输出端连通并用于与设置在车辆上的蒸发芯体的输出端相连,所述压缩机的输出端与所述第二流道的输入端相连;
    所述第一流道的输入端用于与车辆的暖风芯体的输出端相连;
    所述第二流道的输出端与所述第三流道的输入端相连,所述第二流道的输出端还用于与所述蒸发芯体的输入端相连;
    所述第三流道的输入端还用于与所述蒸发芯体的输出端相连;
    所述第二冷却介质回路包括具有至少四个接口端的阀组;
    所述阀组的第一接口端和第二接口端分别与所述第四流道的输入端和输出端相连,所述阀组的第三接口端与所述第一流道的输出端相连,所述阀组的第四接口端用于与所述暖风芯体的输入端相连;
    所述热管理系统至少配置有热泵模式,当所述热管理系统执行所述热泵模式时,所述第一流道内的第一冷却介质流入所述蒸发芯体内并与所述蒸发芯体周围的空气进行换热,且换热后的第一冷却介质通过所述第三流道内回到所述压缩机中;其中,与所述蒸发芯体内的第一冷却介质换热过的空气还与所述暖风芯体内的第二冷却介质进行换热。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述第一冷却介质回路还包括:第一节流阀和第二节流阀;
    所述第二流道的输出端通过所述第一节流阀与所述蒸发芯体的输入端相连;
    所述第三流道的输入端通过所述第二节流阀分别与所述第二流道的输出端和所述蒸发芯体的输出端相连。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述第一冷却介质回路还包括:第一截止阀和第二截止阀;
    所述第二流道的输出端通过所述第一截止阀与所述第三流道的输入端相连;
    所述压缩机的输入端通过所述第二截止阀与所述蒸发芯体的输出端相连。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述第一冷却介质回路还包括:第一单向阀,所述蒸发芯体的输出端通过第一单向阀与所述第三流道的输入端相连,所述第一单向阀用于使第一冷却介质从所述蒸发芯体的输出端流向所述第三流道的输入端。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述第一冷却介质回路还包括:储液罐,所述储液罐的输入端与所述第二流道的输出端相连,所述储液罐的输出端分别与所述第三流道的输入端和所述蒸发芯体的输入端相连。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:电加热器和暖风水泵;所述电加热器的输入端与所述暖风水泵的输出端连通,所述电加热器的输出端与所述暖风芯体的输入端连通;所述暖风水泵的输入端与所述阀组的第四接口端相连。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述阀组具有至少六个接口端,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:电驱管路、电驱水泵和电驱器;
    所述电驱管路的输入端与所述阀组的第五接口端相连,所述电驱管路的输出端与所述阀组的第六接口端相连;所述电驱水泵和所述电驱器分别串联在所述电驱管路上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:散热器,所述电驱管路的输入端通过所述散热器与所述阀组的第五接口端相连。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:水壶,所述水壶与所述电驱管路相连。
  10. 根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:电池管路、电池水泵和电池包,所述阀组具有至少八个接口端;
    所述电池管路的输入端和输出端分别与所述阀组的七接口端和第八接口端相连;
    所述电池水泵和所述电池包分别串联在所述电池管路上。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述阀组的第七接口端还通过第二单向阀与所述第一流道的输入端相连,所述第二单向阀用于使第二冷却介质从所述阀组的第七接口端流向所述第一流道的输入端。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述第二冷却介质回路还包括:三通阀,所述三通阀的输入端与所述暖风芯体的输出端连通,所述三通阀的第一输出端与所述第一流道的输入端相连,所述三通阀的第二输出端与所述电池水泵的输入端相连。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述阀组为九通阀。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的热管理系统,其特征在于,所述热管理系统还包括:集成单元;所述阀组、所述第一换热器和所述第二换热器中的一项或多项集成在所述集成单元中。
  15. 一种车辆,其特征在于,包括车辆主体以及如权利要求1至14任一项所述的热管理系统,所述热管理系统安装在所述车辆主体上;
    所述车辆主体包括乘员舱、空调箱、暖风芯体以及蒸发芯体,所述空调箱的出风口与所述乘员舱连通,所述暖风芯体设置在所述空调箱中并靠近所述空调箱的出风口,所述蒸发芯体设置在所述空调箱中并靠近所述空调箱的进风口;
    当所述热管理系统执行热泵模式时,所述热管理系统的第二流道的输出端与所述蒸发芯体的输入端连通,所述蒸发芯体的输出端与所述热管理系统的第三流道的输入端连通,所述第三流道的输出端与所述热管理系统的压缩机的输入端连通,所述压缩机的输出端与所述第二流道的输入端连通。
PCT/CN2022/121896 2022-09-27 2022-09-27 热管理系统及车辆 Ceased WO2024065221A1 (zh)

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