WO2024070705A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用の正極、それを用いた非水電解質二次電池、および、導電材分散液 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用の正極、それを用いた非水電解質二次電池、および、導電材分散液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024070705A1 WO2024070705A1 PCT/JP2023/033406 JP2023033406W WO2024070705A1 WO 2024070705 A1 WO2024070705 A1 WO 2024070705A1 JP 2023033406 W JP2023033406 W JP 2023033406W WO 2024070705 A1 WO2024070705 A1 WO 2024070705A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the same, and a conductive material dispersion.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries have high output and high energy density, and are therefore used in a wide range of applications, including consumer and automotive applications. In recent years, there has been a demand for even higher performance non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. Various proposals have been made for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2020-19705 A discloses, as a dispersion liquid used in the manufacture of electrodes, "a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid comprising bundle-type carbon nanotubes, a dispersion medium, and a partially hydrogenated nitrile rubber having a residual double bond (RDB) value of 0.5 to 40% by weight calculated by the following mathematical formula 1, and characterized in that the dispersed particle size of the carbon nanotubes has a particle size distribution D 50 of 3 to 10 ⁇ m.
- RDB (weight %) BD weight / (BD weight + HBD weight) x 100.
- BD means a structural unit derived from a conjugated diene
- HBD means a structural unit derived from a hydrogenated conjugated diene.
- Carbon nanotubes tend to aggregate in the positive electrode slurry and in the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the internal resistance of the positive electrode increases and the battery characteristics deteriorate.
- one of the objectives of the present disclosure is to provide a positive electrode with low internal resistance.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode mixture layer, the positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder, the conductive material includes both single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the binder includes at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile group-containing rubber and cellulose derivatives.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode according to the present disclosure.
- the conductive material dispersion liquid includes at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile group-containing rubber and cellulose derivatives, a conductive material, and a liquid medium, and the conductive material includes both single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
- a positive electrode having a low internal resistance can be obtained.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a low internal resistance can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, with a portion cut away.
- the positive electrode according to the present embodiment is a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode mixture layer.
- the positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder.
- the conductive material includes both single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the binder includes at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile group-containing rubbers and cellulose derivatives.
- the binder may contain both a nitrile group-containing rubber and a cellulose derivative.
- the binder may contain a nitrile group-containing rubber and no cellulose derivative.
- the binder may contain a cellulose derivative (e.g., ethyl cellulose) and no nitrile group-containing rubber.
- Carbon nanotubes are highly conductive, but also have the property of being prone to aggregation. For this reason, even when carbon nanotubes are used, it can be difficult to reduce the internal resistance of the positive electrode.
- the inventors of the present application have found that by combining two types of carbon nanotubes with a nitrile group-containing rubber and/or a cellulose derivative, the internal resistance of the positive electrode can be significantly reduced. The present disclosure is based on this new finding.
- Single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes have different physical properties, such as the ease of aggregation. Therefore, it is possible that the dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes is increased due to the synergistic effect of combining carbon nanotubes, which have different physical properties, with nitrile group-containing rubber and/or cellulose derivatives.
- the positive electrode active material may be a material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium ions.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material include a composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal.
- the composite oxide may have a layered structure (e.g., a rock salt crystal structure).
- the positive electrode active material may be a composite oxide represented by the above-mentioned composition formula.
- the proportion of cobalt among elements other than lithium and oxygen (hereinafter, may be referred to as the "cobalt proportion”) may be 10 atomic % or less. Cobalt is expensive and has low supply stability, so it is preferable to reduce the cobalt proportion. However, reducing the cobalt proportion may increase the internal resistance of the positive electrode. In the positive electrode of this embodiment, the internal resistance of the positive electrode can be reduced by adopting the above-mentioned configuration. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cobalt proportion while maintaining the performance of the positive electrode.
- the cobalt proportion may be 8 atomic % or less, or 5 atomic % or less.
- the positive electrode active material may include a composite oxide represented by the composition formula Li y Ni x M (1-x) O 2- ⁇ (wherein 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.2, 0 ⁇ 0.05, and M includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Ti, Sr, Ca, and B).
- M may be at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Ti, Sr, Ca, Si, Nb, Zr, Mo, Zn, W, and B.
- M may be at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Ti, Sr, Ca, and B. It is preferable that M contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Al, and Fe.
- the value of y indicating the composition ratio of lithium in the above composition formula increases and decreases by charging and discharging.
- Specific examples of the composite oxide include lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum composite oxide (LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Al 0.05 O 2 , etc.).
- the battery capacity can be increased.
- 0.85 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 may be satisfied.
- the battery capacity can be particularly increased.
- the above-mentioned complex oxides are usually used in the form of particles.
- the average particle size of the entire complex oxide may be 1 ⁇ m or more, or 5 ⁇ m or more, or may be 20 ⁇ m or less, 15 ⁇ m or less, 10 ⁇ m or less, 6 ⁇ m or less, or 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size is the median diameter (D50) at which the cumulative volume is 50% in the volume-based particle size distribution.
- D50 the median diameter
- the median diameter is determined using a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measuring device.
- the particle size of the particles contained in the positive electrode mixture can also be evaluated by observing the cross section of the positive electrode mixture.
- the positive electrode active material may contain particles of the above-mentioned complex oxide having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less. If the particle size of the complex oxide particles is large, the particles are more likely to crack during charging. If the particles crack, gas generation from the grain boundaries and metal elution from the grain boundaries are more likely to occur, reducing the durability of the battery. Therefore, it is preferable that the positive electrode active material contains particles with a small particle size.
- the positive electrode active material may include first particles having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less, and second particles of the above complex oxide having an average particle size of 8 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- a particle size distribution curve (volume basis) of the entire complex oxide particles may show a peak in the range of about 1 to 6 ⁇ m (particle size) and a peak in the range of about 8 to 20 ⁇ m (particle size).
- the proportion R1 of the mass M1 of the first particles in the composite oxide particles may be in the range of 10 to 40 mass% (e.g., in the range of 15 to 30 mass%).
- the proportion R2 of the mass M2 of the second particles in the composite oxide particles may be in the range of 60 to 90 mass% (e.g., in the range of 70 to 85 mass%).
- the content of the elements that make up the complex oxide can be measured using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), or an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
- EPMA electron probe microanalyzer
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- the positive electrode mixture layer includes both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
- Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are carbon nanotubes with two or more walls. Examples of multi-walled carbon nanotubes include two-walled carbon nanotubes, three-walled carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanotubes with four or more walls.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may include multiple types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different numbers of layers.
- the amount of carbon nanotubes per 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material may be 0.01 parts by mass or more and 1 part by mass or less, or 0.02 parts by mass or more and 0.5 parts by mass or less.
- the proportion of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotubes may be in the range of 0.1 to 20% by mass (for example, in the range of 1 to 5% by mass). In terms of forming a conductive path in the composite layer, it is preferable to have a smaller proportion of single-walled carbon nanotubes than multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the average length of the carbon nanotubes may be 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the aspect ratio of the carbon nanotubes ratio of length to diameter of the fiber
- Carbon nanotubes with a large aspect ratio tend to come into linear contact with the positive electrode active material and the current collector.
- carbon nanotubes have excellent electrical conductivity. Therefore, the direct current resistance (DCR) of the battery can be significantly reduced by using carbon nanotubes.
- the carbon nanotubes present in the positive electrode may be present in the positive electrode mixture layer in the form of a bundle of multiple carbon nanotubes.
- the length and diameter of the carbon nanotube refer to the length and diameter of a single carbon nanotube present in the bundle of carbon nanotubes.
- the average length of the carbon nanotubes is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of increasing the conductivity in the mixture layer.
- the upper limit of the length of the carbon nanotubes is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the length of the carbon nanotubes is not significantly greater than the particle size of the positive electrode active material.
- the average length of the carbon nanotubes may be 1 ⁇ m or more or 5 ⁇ m or more, and may be 20 ⁇ m or less or 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the average length of carbon nanotubes can be determined by image analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the average length of carbon nanotubes is determined by measuring the lengths of 100 randomly selected carbon nanotubes and taking the arithmetic average.
- the length refers to the length of the carbon nanotubes when stretched in a straight line.
- the average diameter of the carbon nanotubes may be 20 nm or less, 15 nm or less, or 1 nm or more. By setting the average diameter to 20 nm or less, a high effect can be obtained with a small amount.
- the average diameter of the single-walled carbon nanotubes and the average diameter of the double-walled carbon nanotubes may each be, for example, 5 nm or less.
- the average diameter of carbon nanotubes can be determined by image analysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- the average diameter of carbon nanotubes can be measured by the following method. First, 100 carbon nanotubes are randomly selected, and the diameter (outer diameter) of each is measured at one random location. The average diameter is then determined by taking the arithmetic average of the measured diameters.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain carbon materials (conductive materials) other than carbon nanotubes.
- carbon materials include conductive carbon particles such as carbon black, and other conductive carbon materials.
- the proportion of carbon nanotubes in all carbon materials (conductive materials) is, for example, 50% by mass or more, and is preferably in the range of 80 to 100% by mass (for example, in the range of 90 to 100% by mass).
- the BET specific surface area of at least one carbon nanotube selected from the group consisting of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes may be 200 m 2 /g or more. According to this configuration, it is easy to ensure contact between the carbon nanotube and the active material, and the effect of reducing resistance is easy to be exhibited.
- the specific surface area of the carbon nanotubes may be 100 m 2 /g or more, 200 m 2 /g or more, 210 m 2 /g or more, or 400 m 2 /g or more.
- the upper limit of the BET specific surface area is not particularly limited, but may be 2000 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area of the entire carbon nanotubes may be within the above-mentioned range.
- the BET specific surface area of the carbon nanotubes can be measured by the BET method (nitrogen adsorption method) described in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) R1626.
- JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
- the cellulose derivative functions as a binder.
- the cellulose derivative also functions as a dispersant.
- examples of the cellulose derivative include alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose, and their salts (alkali metal salts, ammonium salts, etc.).
- Examples of the alkyl cellulose include methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, ethyl methyl cellulose, etc.
- the hydroxyalkyl cellulose include hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, etc.
- Examples of the carboxyalkyl cellulose include carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyethyl cellulose, etc.
- Examples of the alkali metals that form the alkali metal salts include potassium and sodium. Among these, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose are preferred.
- the cellulose derivative may be ethyl cellulose.
- the weight average molecular weight of the cellulose derivative may be in the range of 1,000 to 1,000,000 (for example, in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000). In terms of enhancing the effect of the configuration of the present disclosure, the weight average molecular weight of the cellulose derivative may be in the range of 10,000 to 200,000.
- the amount of the cellulose derivative relative to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material may be 0.0001 parts by mass or more, or 0.001 parts by mass or more, and may be 2 parts by mass or less, or 1 part by mass or less.
- the ratio Wca/Wce of the mass Wca of the carbon nanotubes to the mass Wce of the cellulose derivative may be 1 or more, or 2 or more, or may be 10 or less.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain a nitrile group-containing rubber.
- a nitrile group-containing rubber By using the nitrile group-containing rubber, the dispersibility of the carbon nanotubes is significantly improved, and the internal resistance of the positive electrode can be reduced.
- the nitrile group-containing rubber functions as a binder in the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the nitrile group-containing rubber contains a nitrile group.
- examples of the nitrile group-containing rubber include copolymers of monomers containing acrylonitrile and diene (e.g., butadiene).
- examples of the nitrile group-containing rubber include nitrile rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (H-NBR), and modified products thereof.
- the weight average molecular weight of the nitrile group-containing rubber may be in the range of 40,000 to 5,000,000.
- the amount of nitrile group-containing rubber per 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material may be 0.01 parts by mass or more, or 0.05 parts by mass or more, and may be 1 part by mass or less, or 0.5 parts by mass or less.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may contain components or compounds other than those described above.
- the binder may further contain a polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymer.
- the polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymer is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinylpyrrolidone derivatives.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone derivatives include polymers in which the hydrogen atoms of polyvinylpyrrolidone are replaced with other substituents, such as alkylated polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- the polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymer only polyvinylpyrrolidone may be used, or a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and other monomolecules may be used. Examples of other monomolecules include styrene-based and vinyl acetate-based monomolecules.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer may be in the range of 1,000 to 2,000,000. In order to enhance the effects of the configuration of the present disclosure, the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer may be in the range of 5,000 to 1,000,000.
- the amount of the cellulose derivative per 100 parts by mass of the polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymer is preferably in the range of 30 to 400 parts by mass (for example, in the range of 100 to 400 parts by mass or in the range of 300 to 400 parts by mass). By setting the amount in the range of 30 to 400 parts by mass, a particularly high effect can be obtained.
- the proportion of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture layer is determined using a mixture sample.
- the mixture sample is obtained by the following procedure. First, the secondary battery in a discharged state is disassembled and the positive electrode is removed. Next, the positive electrode is washed with an organic solvent and then vacuum dried, after which only the positive electrode mixture layer is removed, and the removed positive electrode mixture layer is used as the mixture sample. By performing TG-DTA, NMR, or other analyses on the mixture sample, the proportion of the binder and conductive material other than the positive electrode active material can be calculated. When the conductive material contains multiple types of carbon materials, the proportion of carbon nanotubes in the conductive material can be calculated by performing microscopic Raman spectroscopy on the cross section of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the mass per m2 of the positive electrode mixture layer may be 200 g or more, and is preferably 250 g or more. By making the mass 250 g or more, it is possible to increase the capacity of the lithium ion battery. As described above, according to the positive electrode plate according to the present disclosure, the adverse effects caused by increasing the mass can be suppressed.
- the mass can be increased by thickening the positive electrode mixture layer or increasing the density of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer may be in the range of 50 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m. According to this embodiment, even if the positive electrode mixture layer is made thick, an increase in internal resistance can be suppressed.
- the positive electrode slurry according to this embodiment is a slurry for a positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. This slurry is used for manufacturing the above-mentioned positive electrode. The matters described about the positive electrode can be applied to the positive electrode slurry, so that the overlapping description may be omitted.
- the positive electrode slurry contains the above-mentioned components of the positive electrode mixture layer and a liquid medium (dispersion medium) in which they are dispersed.
- the positive electrode slurry contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder.
- the conductive material contains both single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the binder contains at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile group-containing rubber and cellulose derivatives. Each component has been described above, so duplicated explanations will be omitted.
- the positive electrode slurry may further contain optional components as necessary.
- the positive electrode slurry may further contain a polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymer.
- the binder may contain both a nitrile group-containing rubber and a cellulose derivative, or only one of them.
- the liquid medium is not particularly limited, and water, organic solvents, and mixtures thereof may be used.
- organic solvents include alcohols (such as ethanol), ethers (such as tetrahydrofuran), amides (such as dimethylformamide), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP).
- the ratio of the components in the positive electrode slurry is reflected in the ratio of the components in the positive electrode mixture layer. Therefore, by changing the ratio of the components in the positive electrode slurry, the ratio of the components in the positive electrode mixture layer can be changed.
- the ratios of the components given as examples for the positive electrode mixture layer can be applied to the ratios of the components in the positive electrode slurry.
- the positive electrode may be formed by the following method. First, a positive electrode slurry is prepared by dispersing the materials for the positive electrode mixture layer (positive electrode active material, conductive material, binder, and other optional components as necessary) in a liquid medium. Next, the positive electrode slurry is applied to the surface of a positive electrode current collector to form a coating film, and the coating film is then dried to form the positive electrode mixture layer. The dried coating film may be rolled as necessary.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be formed on one surface or both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.
- the conductive material dispersion according to this embodiment can be used to prepare a positive electrode slurry.
- the conductive material dispersion includes at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile group-containing rubber and cellulose derivatives, a conductive material, and a liquid medium (dispersion medium).
- the conductive material includes both single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the conductive material, the nitrile group-containing rubber, and the cellulose derivative have been described above, so duplicated descriptions will be omitted.
- the conductive material dispersion may include any component (for example, any component described above) contained in the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the conductive material dispersion may further include a polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymer.
- the conductive material dispersion may include both the nitrile group-containing rubber and the cellulose derivative, or may include only one of them.
- the liquid medium for the conductive material dispersion may be the same as that described for the positive electrode slurry, or a different liquid medium may be used.
- the conductive material dispersion basically does not contain a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode slurry can be prepared by adding a positive electrode active material to the conductive material dispersion.
- the conductive material dispersion may contain optional components of the positive electrode mixture layer and a liquid medium in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- the ratio of components in the positive electrode mixture layer can be changed by changing the ratio of components contained in the conductive material dispersion liquid.
- the ratios of components exemplified for the positive electrode mixture layer can be applied to the ratios of components in the conductive material dispersion liquid. Specifically, the ratio of each component to each other can be calculated from the ratio of each component to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present embodiment includes the positive electrode according to the present embodiment.
- the secondary battery includes at least a negative electrode and a nonaqueous electrolyte in addition to the positive electrode.
- the secondary battery may include a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte, a separator, and an exterior body. Examples of the secondary battery include a lithium ion secondary battery and a lithium metal secondary battery.
- the components other than the positive electrode mixture layer are not particularly limited, and known components may be used. Examples of the components of the secondary battery are described below.
- the positive electrode according to this embodiment is used as the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode may include a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be disposed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the shape and thickness of the positive electrode current collector may be selected according to the application, and may be selected to correspond to the shape and thickness of the negative electrode current collector. Examples of the material of the positive electrode current collector include stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, and titanium.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be formed on only one side of the positive electrode current collector, or may be formed on both sides of the positive electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode typically includes a negative electrode mixture layer containing a negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer disposed on the negative electrode current collector.
- a negative electrode current collector on which lithium metal or a lithium alloy can be deposited is used for the negative electrode.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material as an essential component.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may contain optional components such as a binder, a thickener, and a conductive material.
- the optional components may include the components exemplified as the components of the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may be formed by applying a negative electrode slurry, in which the components of the negative electrode mixture layer are dispersed in a liquid medium (dispersion medium), to the surface of the negative electrode current collector and drying it.
- the coating film after drying may be rolled as necessary.
- the liquid medium may be any of the liquid media exemplified as the liquid medium for the positive electrode slurry.
- the negative electrode mixture layer may be formed on only one side of the negative electrode current collector, or on both sides of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material is selected according to the type of the secondary battery.
- An example of the negative electrode active material is a material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium ions. Examples of such materials include carbonaceous materials, Si-containing materials, and the like.
- the negative electrode active material may include a Si-containing material or may be a Si-containing material. Metallic lithium, a lithium alloy, and the like may be used as the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode may include one type of negative electrode active material, or may include a combination of two or more types.
- carbonaceous materials examples include graphite, easily graphitized carbon (soft carbon), and difficult-to-graphitize carbon (hard carbon).
- the carbonaceous materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Graphite is preferred because it has excellent charge/discharge stability and low irreversible capacity.
- Examples of graphite include natural graphite, artificial graphite, and graphitized mesophase carbon particles.
- Si-containing material examples include simple Si, silicon alloys, silicon compounds (such as silicon oxides), and composite materials in which a silicon phase is dispersed in a lithium ion conductive phase (matrix).
- silicon oxides include SiO x particles. x may be, for example, 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, or 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.6.
- the lithium ion conductive phase at least one selected from the group consisting of a SiO 2 phase, a silicate phase, and a carbon phase may be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil.
- the negative electrode current collector may be porous. Examples of materials for the negative electrode current collector include stainless steel, nickel, nickel alloys, copper, and copper alloys.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a solvent (non-aqueous solvent) and a solute dissolved in the solvent.
- a solvent non-aqueous solvent
- a solute include a lithium salt.
- Various additives may be added to the electrolyte solution.
- cyclic carbonate esters can be used as the solvent.
- cyclic carbonate esters include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), etc.
- Chain carbonate esters include diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), etc.
- cyclic carboxylate esters include ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL), ⁇ -valerolactone (GVL), etc.
- chain carboxylate esters examples include non-aqueous solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate (MP), and ethyl propionate (EP).
- the non-aqueous solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- lithium salts include lithium salts of chlorine-containing acids (LiClO 4 , LiAlCl 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , etc.), lithium salts of fluorine-containing acids (LiPF 6 , LiPF 2 O 2 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , etc.), lithium salts of fluorine-containing acid imides (LiN (FSO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 4 F 9 SO 2 ), LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , etc.), lithium halides (LiCl, LiBr, LiI, etc.), etc.
- the lithium salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte may be 1 mol/L or more and 2 mol/L or less, or 1 mol/L or more and 1.5 mol/L or less.
- the electrolyte may contain known additives.
- additives include 1,3-propane sultone, methylbenzenesulfonate, cyclohexylbenzene, biphenyl, diphenyl ether, fluorobenzene, etc.
- the separator is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator preferably has high ion permeability and appropriate mechanical strength and insulating properties.
- a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, etc. can be used.
- Examples of the material of the separator include polyolefins (polypropylene, polyethylene, etc.) and other resins.
- the electrode group and the non-aqueous electrolyte are housed in the exterior body (battery case).
- the exterior body is not particularly limited, and a known exterior body may be used.
- the electrode group is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator.
- the configuration of the electrode group is not particularly limited, and may be a wound type or a laminated type.
- the wound type electrode group is formed by winding a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator interposed therebetween.
- the laminated type electrode group is formed by stacking a positive electrode and a negative electrode with a separator interposed therebetween.
- the shape of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is not particularly limited, and may be a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a coin shape, a button shape, a laminate shape, or the like.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a secondary battery 10 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, with a portion cut away.
- FIG. 1 shows a rectangular non-aqueous electrolyte battery as an example.
- the secondary battery 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a battery case 4 in the shape of a rectangular cylinder with a bottom, and an electrode group 1 and a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown) housed within the battery case 4.
- the electrode group 1 includes a long strip-shaped negative electrode, a long strip-shaped positive electrode, and a separator disposed between them.
- the negative electrode current collector of the negative electrode is electrically connected to a negative electrode terminal 6 provided on a sealing plate 5 via a negative electrode lead 3.
- the negative electrode terminal 6 is insulated from the sealing plate 5 by a resin gasket 7.
- the positive electrode current collector of the positive electrode is electrically connected to the back surface of the sealing plate 5 via a positive electrode lead 2.
- the positive electrode is electrically connected to the battery case 4, which also serves as the positive electrode terminal.
- the periphery of the sealing plate 5 fits into the open end of the battery case 4, and the fitting portion is laser welded.
- the sealing plate 5 has an injection hole for a non-aqueous electrolyte. The injection hole is closed by a seal plug 8 after the non-aqueous electrolyte is injected.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer disposed on the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode mixture layer is the positive electrode mixture layer described above.
- a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising: A positive electrode mixture layer is included, The positive electrode mixture layer contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder, the conductive material includes both single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes; The positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, wherein the binder contains at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrile group-containing rubbers and cellulose derivatives.
- Technique 3 3.
- the conductive material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a nitrile group-containing rubber and a cellulose derivative, a conductive material, and a liquid medium, The conductive material dispersion includes both single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
- the conductive material dispersion according to claim 9 or 10 further comprising a polyvinylpyrrolidone-based polymer.
- CMC-Na sodium carboxymethylcellulose
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- a positive electrode active material carbon nanotubes (conductive material), ethyl cellulose (cellulose derivative), hydrogenated nitrile rubber (nitrile group-containing rubber), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and N-methyl- 2 -pyrrolidone (liquid medium) were mixed in a predetermined mass ratio to prepare a positive electrode slurry SA1.
- composite oxide particles represented by the composition formula LiNi0.90Co0.04Mn0.06O2 were used.
- the conductive material a mixture of single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes was used. The proportion of single-walled carbon nanotubes and the specific surface area of the carbon nanotubes are shown in Table 1.
- a coating film was formed by applying the positive electrode slurry to the surface of an aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector), and a laminate of the aluminum foil and the coating film was obtained. Next, the coating film was dried, and the laminate was rolled. In this way, a positive electrode PA1 was produced, which includes an aluminum foil and a positive electrode mixture layer formed on both sides of the aluminum foil.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- positive electrodes PA2 to PA7 and positive electrodes PC1 to PC6 were prepared in the same manner and under the same conditions as those for preparing the positive electrode PA1 of the battery A1. Except for using these positive electrodes, batteries A2 to A7 and batteries C1 to C6 were prepared in the same manner and under the same conditions as those for preparing the battery A1.
- Table 1 shows some of the manufacturing conditions and the evaluation results.
- the internal resistance of the battery is shown as a relative value when the measured value of battery C1 is set to 100.
- active material Ni/Co/Mn (composition ratio) represents the composition ratio of Ni/Co/Mn in the complex oxide.
- the positive electrode active material of battery A6 is represented by the composition formula Li y Ni 0.80 Co 0.12 Mn 0.08 O 2.
- x 0.80 when expressed by the composition formula Li y Ni x M (1-x) O 2- ⁇ .
- SWCNT ratio (mass%) indicates the ratio (mass%) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) to all carbon nanotubes.
- CNT specific surface area indicates the specific surface area of all carbon nanotubes.
- Batteries A1 to A7, the positive electrode slurry, and the positive electrodes used in their manufacture are batteries, positive electrode slurries, and positive electrodes according to this embodiment. Batteries C1 to C6, the positive electrode slurries, and positive electrodes used in their manufacture are comparative examples.
- the battery using the positive electrode according to this embodiment had a low internal resistance. This is because the internal resistance of the positive electrode according to this embodiment is low.
- the present disclosure can be used for a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the secondary battery according to the present disclosure can be used for various applications, and is preferably used as a main power source for, for example, mobile communication devices, portable electronic devices, and the like.
- Electrode group 1: Electrode group, 2: Positive electrode lead, 3: Negative electrode lead, 4: Battery case, 5: Sealing plate, 6: Negative electrode terminal, 7: Gasket, 8: Seal, 10: Secondary battery (non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery)
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Abstract
Description
本発明の新規な特徴を添付の請求の範囲に記述するが、本発明は、構成および内容の両方に関し、本発明の他の目的および特徴と併せ、図面を照合した以下の詳細な説明によりさらによく理解されるであろう。
本実施形態に係る正極は、非水電解質二次電池用の正極である。当該正極は、正極合剤層を含む。正極合剤層は、正極活物質、導電材、および結着剤を含む。導電材は、単層カーボンナノチューブおよび多層カーボンナノチューブの両方を含む。結着剤は、ニトリル基含有ゴムおよびセルロース誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む。
正極活物質には、リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出可能な物質を用いることができる。正極活物質の例には、リチウムと遷移金属とを含有する複合酸化物が含まれる。当該複合酸化物は、層状構造(例えば、岩塩型結晶構造)を有してもよい。正極活物質には、上述した組成式で表される複合酸化物を用いることができる。
正極合剤層は、単層カーボンナノチューブ(SWCNT)および多層カーボンナノチューブ(MWCNT)の両方を含む。多層カーボンナノチューブは、2層以上のカーボンナノチューブである。多層カーボンナノチューブの例には、2層カーボンナノチューブ、3層カーボンナノチューブ、および4層以上のカーボンナノチューブが含まれる。正極合剤層は、層数が異なる複数種の多層カーボンナノチューブを含んでもよい。
正極合剤層中において、セルロース誘導体は、結着剤として機能する。また、セルロース誘導体は分散剤としても機能する。セルロース誘導体の例には、アルキルセルロース、ヒドロキシアルキルセルロース、カルボキシアルキルセルロースおよびそれらの塩(アルカリ金属塩、アンモニウム塩など)が含まれる。アルキルセルロースの例には、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、エチルメチルセルロースなどが含まれる。ヒドロキシアルキルセルロースの例には、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースなどが含まれる。カルボキシアルキルセルロースの例には、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシエチルセルロースなどが含まれる。アルカリ金属塩を形成するアルカリ金属の例には、カリウムおよびナトリウムなどが含まれる。これらの中でも、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースが好ましい。セルロース誘導体は、エチルセルロースであってもよい。セルロース誘導体の重量平均分子量は、1000~1000000の範囲(例えば10000~1000000の範囲)にあってもよい。本開示の構成による効果が高まる点で、セルロース誘導体の重量平均分子量は、10000~200000の範囲にあってもよい。
正極合剤層は、ニトリル基含有ゴムを含んでもよい。ニトリル基含有ゴムを用いることによって、カーボンナノチューブの分散性が顕著に向上し、正極の内部抵抗を低下させることができる。また、ニトリル基含有ゴムは、正極合剤層中で結着材として機能する。ニトリル基含有ゴムは、ニトリル基を含む。ニトリル基含有ゴムの例には、アクリロニトリルとジエン(例えばブタジエン)とを含むモノマーの共重合体が含まれる。具体的には、ニトリル基含有ゴムの例には、ニトリルゴム(NBR)、水素化ニトリルゴム(H-NBR)、およびそれらの変性体が含まれる。ニトリル基含有ゴムの重量平均分子量は、40000~5000000の範囲にあってもよい。
ポリビニルピロリドン系重合体は、ポリビニルピロリドン、および、ポリビニルピロリドン誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である。ポリビニルピロリドン誘導体の例には、ポリビニルピロリドンの水素原子が他の置換基に置換されたポリマーが含まれ、例えばアルキル化ポリビニルピロリドン等が含まれる。ポリビニルピロリドン系重合体として、ポリビニルピロリドンのみを用いてもよいし、ビニルピロリドンと他の単分子との共重合体を用いてもよい。他の単分子としては、例えば、スチレン系や酢酸ビニル系の単分子が挙げられる。
本実施形態に係る正極スラリーは、非水電解質二次電池の正極用のスラリーである。このスラリーは、上述した正極の製造に用いられる。正極について説明した事項は、正極スラリーに適用できるため、重複する説明を省略する場合がある。
本実施形態に係る導電材分散液は、正極スラリーの調製に用いることができる。導電材分散液は、ニトリル基含有ゴムおよびセルロース誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種と、導電材と、液媒体(分散媒)とを含む。導電材は、単層カーボンナノチューブおよび多層カーボンナノチューブの両方を含む。導電材、ニトリル基含有ゴム、およびセルロース誘導体については、上述したため、重複する説明を省略する。導電材分散液は、正極合剤層に含まれる任意成分(例えば上述した任意成分)を含んでもよい。例えば、導電材分散液は、ポリビニルピロリドン系重合体をさらに含んでもよい。導電材分散液は、ニトリル基含有ゴムおよびセルロース誘導体の両方を含んでもよいし、それらのいずれか一方のみを含んでもよい。
本実施形態に係る非水電解質二次電池は、本実施形態に係る正極を含む。当該二次電池は、正極に加えて、負極と、非水電解質とを少なくとも含む。当該二次電池は、正極、負極、非水電解質、セパレータ、および外装体を含んでもよい。当該二次電池の例には、リチウムイオン二次電池、リチウム金属二次電池などが含まれる。正極合剤層以外の構成要素については特に限定されず、公知の構成要素を用いてもよい。当該二次電池の構成要素の例について、以下に説明する。
正極には、本実施形態に係る正極が用いられる。
正極は、正極集電体を含んでもよい。正極合剤層は、正極集電体上に配置されうる。正極集電体の形状および厚さは、用途に応じて選択でき、負極集電体の形状および厚さに対応するように選択できる。正極集電体の材質としては、例えば、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、チタンなどが例示できる。正極合剤層は、正極集電体の片面のみに形成されてもよいし、正極集電体の両面に形成されてもよい。
負極は、典型的には、負極活物質を含有する負極合剤層を含む。負極は、負極集電体と負極集電体上に配置された負極合剤層とを含んでもよい。ただし、リチウム金属二次電池の場合、負極には、リチウム金属またはリチウム合金が析出可能な負極集電体が用いられる。
負極活物質は、二次電池の種類に応じて選択される。負極活物質の一例は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出可能な物質である。そのような物質の例には、炭素質材料、Si含有材料などが含まれる。負極活物質は、Si含有材料を含んでもよいし、Si含有材料であってもよい。負極活物質として、金属リチウム、リチウム合金などを用いてもよい。負極は、負極活物質を1種含んでいてもよく、2種以上組み合わせて含んでもよい。
非水電解質(非水電解液)は、溶媒(非水溶媒)と、溶媒に溶解した溶質とを含む。溶質の例には、リチウム塩が含まれる。電解液には、様々な添加剤が添加されてもよい。
セパレータは、正極と負極との間に配置される。セパレータは、イオン透過度が高く、且つ、適度な機械的強度および絶縁性を有することが好ましい。セパレータとしては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布などを用いることができる。セパレータの材質の例には、ポリオレフィン(ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンなど)およびその他の樹脂が含まれる。
外装体(電池ケース)には、電極群および非水電解質が収容される。外装体は特に限定されず、公知の外装体を用いてもよい。電極群は、正極と負極とセパレータとによって構成される。電極群の構成は特に限定されず、巻回型であってもよいし、積層型であってもよい。巻回型の電極群は、正極および負極がセパレータを介して巻回されることによって形成される。積層型の電極群は、正極と負極とがセパレータを介して積層されることによって形成される。非水電解質二次電池の形態は特に限定されず、円筒形、角形、コイン形、ボタン形、ラミネート形などであってもよい。
上記の記載によって以下の技術が開示される。
(技術1)
非水電解質二次電池用の正極であって、
正極合剤層を含み、
前記正極合剤層は、正極活物質、導電材、および結着剤を含み、
前記導電材は、単層カーボンナノチューブおよび多層カーボンナノチューブの両方を含み、
前記結着剤は、ニトリル基含有ゴムおよびセルロース誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、非水電解質二次電池用の正極。
(技術2)
前記セルロース誘導体は、エチルセルロースである、技術1に記載の正極。
(技術3)
前記結着剤は、前記ニトリル基含有ゴムおよび前記セルロース誘導体の両方を含む、技術1または2に記載の正極。
(技術4)
前記結着剤は、ポリビニルピロリドン系重合体をさらに含む、技術1~3のいずれか1つに記載の正極。
(技術5)
前記正極活物質において、リチウムおよび酸素以外の元素に占めるコバルトの割合が10原子%以下である、技術1~4のいずれか1つに記載の正極。
(技術6)
前記正極活物質は、組成式がLiyNixM(1-x)O2-δ(式中、0.8≦x≦1、0<y≦1.2、0≦δ≦0.05、Mは、Co、Mn、Al、Fe、Ti、Sr、Ca、およびBからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含む。)で表される複合酸化物を含む、技術1~5のいずれか1つに記載の正極。
(技術7)
前記単層カーボンナノチューブおよび前記多層カーボンナノチューブからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のカーボンナノチューブのBET比表面積は、200m2/g以上である、技術1~6のいずれか1つに記載の正極。
(技術8)
技術1~7のいずれか1つに記載の正極を含む、非水電解質二次電池。
(技術9)
導電材分散液であって、
ニトリル基含有ゴムおよびセルロース誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種と、導電材と、液媒体とを含み、
前記導電材は、単層カーボンナノチューブおよび多層カーボンナノチューブの両方を含む、導電材分散液。
(技術10)
前記セルロース誘導体は、エチルセルロースである、技術9に記載の導電材分散液。
(技術11)
ポリビニルピロリドン系重合体をさらに含む、技術9または10に記載の導電材分散液。
以下の方法で、電池A1を作製した。
(1)負極の作製
ケイ素複合材料と黒鉛とをケイ素複合材料:黒鉛=5:95の質量比で混合し、負極活物質として用いた。負極活物質と、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(CMC-Na)と、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)と、水とを所定の質量比で混合し、負極スラリーを調製した。次に、銅箔(負極集電体)の表面に負極スラリーを塗布し、銅箔と銅箔上に形成された塗膜とを含む積層体を形成した。次に、塗膜を乾燥させた後、積層体を圧延した。このようにして、銅箔と銅箔の両面に形成された負極合剤層とを含む負極を形成した。
まず、正極活物質、カーボンナノチューブ(導電材)、エチルセルロース(セルロース誘導体)、水素化ニトリルゴム(ニトリル基含有ゴム)、ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP、およびN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(液媒体)を、所定の質量比で混合して、正極スラリーSA1を調製した。正極活物質には、組成式LiNi0.90Co0.04Mn0.06O2で表される複合酸化物粒子を用いた。導電材には、単層カーボンナノチューブと多層カーボンナノチューブとを混合して用いた。単層カーボンナノチューブの割合およびカーボンナノチューブの比表面積を表1に示す。
非水溶媒にLiPF6(リチウム塩)を加えることによって電解液を調製した。電解液におけるLiPF6の濃度は1.0mol/Lとした。非水溶媒には、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、EC:EMC=3:7の体積比で含む混合溶媒を用いた。
上記の正極および負極のそれぞれにリードを取り付けた。次に、正極と負極との間にセパレータが配置されるように、正極と負極とセパレータとを渦巻き状に巻回することによって、電極群を作製した。次に、外装体内に電極群を挿入した。外装体には、アルミニウム箔(バリア層)を含むラミネートフィルム製の外装体を用いた。次に、電極群が挿入された外装体を105℃で2時間真空乾燥した後、外装体内に非水電解液を注入し、外装体の開口部を封止した。このようにして、二次電池A1を作製した。
正極スラリーに含まれる成分を表1に示すように変化させたことを除いて、電池A1の正極スラリーSA1の調製の方法および条件と同様の方法および条件で、正極スラリーSA2~SA7および正極スラリーSC1~SC6を調製した。正極活物質を構成する複合酸化物には、組成式LiyNixM(1-x)O2で表され、元素Mが、CoおよびMnである複合酸化物を用いた。それらの正極スラリーを用いることを除いて、電池A1の正極PA1の作製の方法および条件と同様の方法および条件で、正極PA2~PA7および正極PC1~PC6を作製した。それらの正極を用いることを除いて電池A1の作製の方法および条件と同様の方法および条件で、電池A2~A7および電池C1~C6を作製した。
作製された電池について、電池の内部抵抗を測定した。
本発明を現時点での好ましい実施態様に関して説明したが、そのような開示を限定的に解釈してはならない。種々の変形および改変は、上記開示を読むことによって本発明に属する技術分野における当業者には間違いなく明らかになるであろう。したがって、添付の請求の範囲は、本発明の真の精神および範囲から逸脱することなく、すべての変形および改変を包含する、と解釈されるべきものである。
Claims (11)
- 非水電解質二次電池用の正極であって、
正極合剤層を含み、
前記正極合剤層は、正極活物質、導電材、および結着剤を含み、
前記導電材は、単層カーボンナノチューブおよび多層カーボンナノチューブの両方を含み、
前記結着剤は、ニトリル基含有ゴムおよびセルロース誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種を含む、非水電解質二次電池用の正極。 - 前記セルロース誘導体は、エチルセルロースである、請求項1に記載の正極。
- 前記結着剤は、前記ニトリル基含有ゴムおよび前記セルロース誘導体の両方を含む、請求項1または2に記載の正極。
- 前記結着剤は、ポリビニルピロリドン系重合体をさらに含む、請求項1または2に記載の正極。
- 前記正極活物質において、リチウムおよび酸素以外の元素に占めるコバルトの割合が10原子%以下である、請求項1または2に記載の正極。
- 前記正極活物質は、組成式がLiyNixM(1-x)O2-δ(式中、0.8≦x≦1、0<y≦1.2、0≦δ≦0.05、Mは、Co、Mn、Al、Fe、Ti、Sr、Ca、およびBからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の元素を含む。)で表される複合酸化物を含む、請求項1または2に記載の正極。
- 前記単層カーボンナノチューブおよび前記多層カーボンナノチューブからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のカーボンナノチューブのBET比表面積は、200m2/g以上である、請求項1または2に記載の正極。
- 請求項1または2に記載の正極を含む、非水電解質二次電池。
- 導電材分散液であって、
ニトリル基含有ゴムおよびセルロース誘導体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種と、導電材と、液媒体とを含み、
前記導電材は、単層カーボンナノチューブおよび多層カーボンナノチューブの両方を含む、導電材分散液。 - 前記セルロース誘導体は、エチルセルロースである、請求項9に記載の導電材分散液。
- ポリビニルピロリドン系重合体をさらに含む、請求項9または10に記載の導電材分散液。
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| CN202380068832.4A CN119948637A (zh) | 2022-09-29 | 2023-09-13 | 非水电解质二次电池用的正极、使用其的非水电解质二次电池、以及导电材料分散液 |
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| JP2020019705A (ja) | 2015-09-09 | 2020-02-06 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | カーボンナノチューブ分散液およびその製造方法 |
| WO2020144298A1 (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-07-16 | The Provost, Fellows, Scholars And Other Members Of Board Of Trinity College Dublin | Highly efficient electrodes enabled by segregated networks |
| JP2022528136A (ja) * | 2019-07-18 | 2022-06-08 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | リチウム-硫黄二次電池 |
| JP2022529987A (ja) * | 2019-10-04 | 2022-06-27 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | 電極およびそれを含む二次電池 |
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| JP2020019705A (ja) | 2015-09-09 | 2020-02-06 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | カーボンナノチューブ分散液およびその製造方法 |
| WO2020144298A1 (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2020-07-16 | The Provost, Fellows, Scholars And Other Members Of Board Of Trinity College Dublin | Highly efficient electrodes enabled by segregated networks |
| JP2022528136A (ja) * | 2019-07-18 | 2022-06-08 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | リチウム-硫黄二次電池 |
| JP2022529987A (ja) * | 2019-10-04 | 2022-06-27 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | 電極およびそれを含む二次電池 |
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| EP4597602A4 (en) | 2026-03-11 |
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