WO2024071373A1 - 生産物の製造方法 - Google Patents
生産物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024071373A1 WO2024071373A1 PCT/JP2023/035594 JP2023035594W WO2024071373A1 WO 2024071373 A1 WO2024071373 A1 WO 2024071373A1 JP 2023035594 W JP2023035594 W JP 2023035594W WO 2024071373 A1 WO2024071373 A1 WO 2024071373A1
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/0018—Culture media for cell or tissue culture
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/16—Hollow fibers
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
- C12M33/14—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus with filters, sieves or membranes
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/32—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of substances in solution
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
- C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
- C12N5/0681—Cells of the genital tract; Non-germinal cells from gonads
- C12N5/0682—Cells of the female genital tract, e.g. endometrium; Non-germinal cells from ovaries, e.g. ovarian follicle cells
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- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
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- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/02—Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/10—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by their source of isolation or production
- C07K2317/14—Specific host cells or culture conditions, e.g. components, pH or temperature
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/10—Perfusion
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2501/00—Active agents used in cell culture processes, e.g. differentation
- C12N2501/70—Enzymes
- C12N2501/71—Oxidoreductases (EC 1.)
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- C12N2521/00—Culture process characterised by the use of hydrostatic pressure, flow or shear forces
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a product, which includes culturing cells, and in which the cumulative number of particles per surface area of the membrane that separates the cells and the product and the aeration rate are controlled.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing a product, including a step of culturing product-producing cells contained in a cell suspension contained in a culture vessel, a separation process step of extracting the cell suspension from the culture vessel and separating it by tangential filtration using a separation membrane, a step of returning the return liquid to the culture vessel, a step of supplying fresh medium into the culture vessel, and a step of recovering the product.
- Patent Document 1 describes culturing the cells so that the number density Nd of particles other than live cells with a particle size of 8 Dp to 30 Dp in the cell suspension satisfies Nc ⁇ Nd ⁇ S/(32 ⁇ Vf ⁇ Dp2) for the live cell concentration Nc, separation membrane pore size Dp, separation membrane filtration area S, and separation membrane primary side flow passage volume Vf.
- the ATF (Alternating Tangential Flow Filtration) method which is commonly used in perfusion culture, is less prone to membrane clogging (clogging of the sides of hollow fibers as evaluated in Patent Document 1) than the TFF (Tangential Flow Filtration) method, due to the backwash effect of liquid flowing back from the secondary side of the membrane to the primary side.
- TFF Tangential Flow Filtration
- a common measure to prevent clogging of the sides of hollow fibers is to increase the membrane area, but there are problems with the area of commercially available membranes being small and the equipment becoming larger.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method that can suppress membrane clogging (primary clogging: clogging of the space inside the hollow fiber) in a method for producing products by cell culture.
- Primary clogging is not clogging of the holes on the side of the hollow fiber as evaluated by the antibody permeability in Patent Document 1, but clogging of the space inside the hollow fiber, which increases the pressure loss in the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber membrane.
- a method for producing a product comprising culturing cells in a culture tank,
- the cell density during production of the product is 80 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or more and 300 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or less;
- the culture is a perfusion culture,
- the culture scale is 5 L or more and 100,000 L or less, the cumulative number X [pieces/mm 2 ] of particles having a particle diameter of 1.47 to 6.00 ⁇ m per surface area of the membrane separating the cells in the culture solution from the product during the production of the product on Day 10 is 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 ;
- the ventilation rate V [vvm] is 0.09 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0;
- the method of producing the product comprising culturing cells in a culture tank,
- the cell density during production of the product is 80 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or more and 300 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or less;
- the culture is a perfusion culture,
- the culture scale is 5 L or more and 100,000 L or less, the cumulative number X [piece
- the cumulative number X is the total number of particles detected in the range of 1.47 to 6.00 ⁇ m when the particle size distribution of the culture fluid from 1.46 to 42 ⁇ m is measured.
- ⁇ 4> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the maximum cumulative number X [cells/mm 2 ] during the culture period from Day 10 onwards is 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 .
- ⁇ 5> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the maximum cumulative number X [cells/mm 2 ] during the culture period from Day 10 onwards is 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ 10 6 .
- ⁇ 6> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the minimum cumulative number X [cells/mm 2 ] during the culture period on and after Day 10 is 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 .
- ⁇ 7> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>, wherein the minimum cumulative number X [cells/mm 2 ] during the culture period on and after Day 10 is 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ 10 6 .
- ⁇ 8> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 7>, wherein the relationship between the cumulative number X [pieces/mm 2 ] and the air permeation velocity V [vvm] satisfies -10 4 ⁇ V-10 5 ⁇ X -0.9 ⁇ 0.1.
- ⁇ 9> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 8>, wherein a maximum shear rate D [1/s] applied to the cells in a tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and in the membrane is 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 65,000.
- a maximum shear rate D [1/s] applied to the cells in a tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and in the membrane is 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 65,000.
- ⁇ 11> The method for producing the product according to ⁇ 9>, wherein the maximum shear rate D [1/s] is 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 3000.
- ⁇ 12> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 11>, wherein a ratio [m 2 /L] of a membrane area [m 2 ] per a liquid volume [L] of a culture liquid is 0.015 or more and 1.0 or less.
- ⁇ 13> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 12>, wherein a time frequency T [s/day] at which a maximum shear rate is applied to the cells in a tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and in the membrane is 0 ⁇ T ⁇ 10,000.
- ⁇ 14> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 13>, wherein a cumulative time frequency T total [s/day] at which a shear rate of 100 [1/s] or more and 100,000 [1/s] or less is applied to the cells in a tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and in the membrane is 0 ⁇ T total ⁇ 100,000.
- T total [s/day] a cumulative time frequency at which a shear rate of 100 [1/s] or more and 100,000 [1/s] or less is applied to the cells in a tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and in the membrane is 0 ⁇ T total ⁇ 100,000.
- ⁇ 15> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 14>, wherein a relationship between a minimum inner diameter d [mm] of a tube and a joint of a tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and a culture solution volume C [L] is 0.0001 ⁇ d/C ⁇ 100.
- ⁇ 16> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 15>, wherein in the tubes and joints of the tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane, the relationship between the length L [mm] of the flow path having the minimum inner diameter d [mm] and the amount of culture solution C [L] is 0.001 ⁇ L/C ⁇ 1000.
- ⁇ 17> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 16>, wherein a concentration [U/L] of lactate dehydrogenase in the culture solution during production of the product is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 100,000.
- ⁇ 18> The method for producing the product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 17>, wherein the cell is cultured for 10 days or more and 100 days or less.
- ⁇ 19> The method for producing the product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 18>, wherein the cell is cultured for 15 days or more and 90 days or less.
- ⁇ 20> The method for producing the product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 19>, wherein the sparger hole diameter for aerating the culture solution is 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- ⁇ 21> The method for producing the product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 20>, wherein the filtration flux Y[LMH] is 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 10.
- ⁇ 22> The method for producing the product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 21>, wherein the cell is an animal cell.
- ⁇ 23> The method for producing the product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 22>, wherein the cell is a CHO cell.
- ⁇ 24> The method for producing the product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 23>, wherein the product is an antibody.
- ⁇ 25> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 24>, wherein the viscosity ⁇ [mPa ⁇ s] of the culture solution at 37° C. during the production of the product is 0.5 ⁇ 10.
- ⁇ 26> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 25>, wherein, in the perfusion culture, after the cell density reaches a target cell density of 80 x 10 6 cells/mL or more, the culture medium containing the cells is removed to maintain the cell density within ⁇ 40% of the target cell density, and the product is recovered during the period during which the cell density is maintained within ⁇ 40% of the target cell density.
- ⁇ 27> The method for producing the product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 26>, further comprising: adjusting the cell density within ⁇ 10% of the target cell density by removing the cell-containing culture medium at least once a day after the cell density reaches a target cell density of 80 x 10 6 cells/mL or more in the perfusion culture.
- ⁇ 28> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 27>, wherein the daily alkali addition rate A [mol/L/day] is controlled in the range of 0 ⁇ A ⁇ 0.008 during a period of at least 13 days or more from the time when the target cell density is reached during production of the product by the perfusion culture.
- ⁇ 29> The method for producing the product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 28>, wherein no alkali is added during the entire period of the perfusion culture.
- ⁇ 30> The method for producing the product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 29>, wherein the amount of the antifoaming component added per unit culture volume and unit time when the antifoaming component is added to the culture tank is 0.70 mg/hour/L or less.
- the antifoaming component is a silicone-based component.
- ⁇ 32> The method for producing the product according to ⁇ 30> or ⁇ 31>, wherein the antifoaming ingredient is dimethicone.
- ⁇ 33> The method for producing a product according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 32>, wherein the membrane separating the cells in the culture solution from the product is an alternating tangential flow (ATF) type.
- ATF alternating tangential flow
- the present invention makes it possible to prevent membrane clogging during perfusion culture.
- Fig. 1 shows a cell culture device.
- the whole device shown in Fig. 1 is a cell culture device.
- a numerical range indicated using “ ⁇ ” means a range that includes the numerical values before and after " ⁇ " as the minimum and maximum values, respectively.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a product, comprising culturing cells in a culture tank,
- the cell density during production of the product is 80 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or more and 300 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or less;
- the culture is a perfusion culture,
- the culture scale is 5 L or more and 100,000 L or less, the cumulative number X [pieces/mm 2 ] of particles having a particle diameter of 1.47 to 6.00 ⁇ m per surface area of the membrane separating the cells in the culture solution from the product during the production of the product on Day 10 is 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 ;
- the ventilation rate V [vvm] is 0.09 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0; According to the present invention, productivity can be improved, particularly in perfusion culture using a membrane such as ATF/TFF.
- the cumulative number X is the total number of particles detected in the range of 1.47 to 6.00 ⁇ m when the particle size distribution of the culture solution is measured from 1.46 to 42 ⁇ m.
- the particle size distribution from 1.46 to 42 ⁇ m can be measured using a precision particle size distribution measuring device, Multisizer 4e, manufactured by Beckman Coulter.
- the cumulative number X [cells/mm 2 ] on Day 10 is preferably 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 9.7 ⁇ 10 6 , and more preferably 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.3 ⁇ 10 6 , from the viewpoint of suppressing membrane clogging and extending the number of days of continuous culture.
- the cumulative number X on Day 10 means the cumulative number X on Day 10, which is the 10th day from the start of culture, with the start date of culture being Day 0.
- the maximum cumulative number X [cells/mm 2 ] during the culture period from Day 10 onwards is preferably 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 8 , and more preferably 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ 10 6 , from the viewpoint of suppressing membrane clogging and extending the number of days of continued culture.
- the maximum cumulative number X during the culture period from Day 10 onwards is the maximum value of the cumulative number X from Day 10 onwards, which is the 10th day from the start of culture, with the start date of culture being Day 0.
- the minimum cumulative number X [cells/ mm2 ] during the culture period from Day 10 onwards is preferably 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 108 , more preferably 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 107 , even more preferably 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 6.0 ⁇ 106, and particularly preferably 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.9 ⁇ 106 , from the viewpoint of suppressing membrane clogging and extending the number of days the culture can be continued.
- the minimum cumulative number X during the culture period from Day 10 onwards is the minimum value of the cumulative number X from Day 10 onwards, which is the 10th day from the start of culture, with the culture start date being Day 0.
- the aeration rate V [vvm] is 0.09 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, and from the viewpoint of suppressing damage to cells due to bubble breakage and reducing the number of fine particles, it is preferably 0.09 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.5, and more preferably 0.09 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.2.
- the maximum air permeability velocity V [vvm] is 0.09 ⁇ V ⁇ 1.0, preferably 0.09 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.5, and more preferably 0.09 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.2.
- the ventilation rate can be measured using an oxygen mass flow meter (model number: 8500MC-S1-1-2, gas type: O 2 ) and an air mass flow meter (model number: 8500MC-S1-1-2, gas type: Air) manufactured by KOFLOC.
- the relationship between the cumulative number X [pieces/mm 2 ] and the air permeability rate V [vvm] is preferably -10 4 ⁇ V-10 5 ⁇ X -0.9 ⁇ 0.1, more preferably -10 2 ⁇ V-10 5 ⁇ X -0.9 ⁇ 0.1, even more preferably -10 ⁇ V-10 5 ⁇ X -0.9 ⁇ 0.1, and particularly preferably -4 ⁇ V-10 5 ⁇ X -0.9 ⁇ -0.01.
- the methods for measuring the cumulative number X and the air permeation rate V are as described above.
- the maximum shear rate D [1/s] applied to the cells is preferably 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 65000, more preferably 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 39000, and even more preferably 0 ⁇ D ⁇ 3000, from the viewpoint of suppressing shear damage to the cells and reducing the number of fine particles.
- the above maximum shear rate D [1/s] may be 2000 ⁇ D ⁇ 65000 or 2000 ⁇ D ⁇ 39000.
- the shear rate D can be calculated according to the formula described in "(4) Shear rate (D) in the tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and in the membrane" in the ⁇ Evaluation method> of the Examples described later.
- the ratio [m 2 /L] of the membrane area [m 2 ] per volume [L] of the culture medium is preferably 0.015 or more and 1.0 or less, more preferably 0.033 or more and 1.0 or less.
- the liquid volume [L] of the culture medium can be measured or specified by a conventional method.
- the membrane area [m 2 ] can be measured by a conventional method, or a membrane with a predetermined, specified membrane area can be used.
- the time frequency T [s/day] at which the maximum shear rate is applied to the cells in the tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and within the membrane is preferably 0 ⁇ T ⁇ 10,000, more preferably 0 ⁇ T ⁇ 3,500, even more preferably 0.1 ⁇ T ⁇ 3,500, and particularly preferably 0.1 ⁇ T ⁇ 1,000.
- the time frequency T can be calculated according to the formula described in “(5) Time frequency (T) in the tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and in the membrane” in the “Evaluation method” of the Examples described later.
- the cumulative time frequency T total [s/day] at which the cells are subjected to a shear rate of 100 [1/s] or more and 100,000 [1/s] or less is preferably 0 ⁇ T total ⁇ 100,000, more preferably 0 ⁇ T total ⁇ 10,000, even more preferably 10 ⁇ T total ⁇ 10,000, and particularly preferably 100 ⁇ T total ⁇ 10,000.
- the cumulative time frequency Ttota is the sum of the time frequencies T at each shear rate, and the time frequency T can be calculated by the formula described in “(5) Time frequency (T) in the tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and in the membrane” in the “Evaluation method” of the Examples described later.
- the relationship between the minimum inner diameter d [mm] of the tubes and joints of the tube assembly from the culture tank to the membrane and the culture solution volume C [L] is preferably 0.0001 ⁇ d/C ⁇ 100, more preferably 0.001 ⁇ d/C ⁇ 100, and even more preferably 0.001 ⁇ d/C ⁇ 10.
- the minimum inner diameter d and the culture solution volume C can be measured or determined by a conventional method.
- the relationship between the length L [mm] of the flow path that results in the minimum inner diameter d [mm] and the culture solution volume C [L] is preferably 0.001 ⁇ L/C ⁇ 1000, more preferably 0.005 ⁇ L/C ⁇ 500, even more preferably 0.01 ⁇ L/C ⁇ 100, and particularly preferably 0.05 ⁇ L/C ⁇ 10.
- the minimum inner diameter d and the length L of the flow path can be measured or specified by conventional methods.
- the cell density during production of the product is 80 ⁇ 10 to 300 ⁇ 10 cells/mL, preferably 90 ⁇ 10 to 250 ⁇ 10 cells/mL, and more preferably 100 ⁇ 10 to 150 ⁇ 10 cells/mL. Sometimes expressed as M instead of 10 .
- the cell density can be measured by extracting the culture medium from the culture tank and using a Cell Viability Analyzer Vi-cell XR manufactured by Beckman Coulter.
- the culture medium containing the cells is removed, thereby maintaining the cell density within ⁇ 40% of the target cell density, and the product can be recovered during the period during which the cell density is maintained within ⁇ 40% of the target cell density.
- the cell density can be adjusted to within ⁇ 10% of the target cell density by removing the culture medium containing the cells at least once a day.
- the method for culturing cells is perfusion culture.
- Perfusion culture is a culture method in which fresh medium is supplied into a cell culture solution and part of the medium in which the cells are cultured is removed. By performing this perfusion culture, waste products discharged from the cells can be removed from the culture tank. In perfusion culture, the cells in the culture solution can be continuously separated and the liquid can be collected while the culture tank is continuously supplied with medium.
- Perfusion culture generally allows high viable cell densities to be achieved.
- a typical perfusion culture begins with a batch culture lasting one or two days, after which fresh feed medium is added to the culture continuously, stepwise, and/or intermittently, with simultaneous removal of spent medium.
- cells can also be separated using methods such as sedimentation, centrifugation, or filtration, and spent medium can be removed while maintaining viable cell density.
- the advantage of perfusion culture is that the culture in which the target protein is produced can be maintained for a longer period of time than batch or fed-batch culture methods.
- Perfusion may be continuous, stepwise, intermittent or a combination thereof, preferably continuous.
- the animal cells are retained in the culture and the removed spent medium may be substantially free of cells or have much fewer cells than the culture.
- the product expressed by the cell culture may be retained in the culture or recovered by selection of the membrane pore size.
- the method for continuous separation of cell culture fluid in perfusion culture is preferably carried out using a membrane, and more preferably membrane filtration.
- the membrane that separates the cells in the culture fluid from the product is more preferably alternating tangential flow filtration (ATF method).
- the flux during filtration, Y [L/m 2 /hour], is preferably 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 10, more preferably 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 5, and further preferably 0 ⁇ Y ⁇ 2.
- the filtration flux is the amount of culture fluid that passes through the membrane per unit time and per unit filtration area, and is defined by the following formula:
- the flow rate through the membrane can be measured by recording the weight of the liquid that passes through in a certain period of time. If a gravimeter is not available, it can also be measured by a flow meter.
- the area of the filtration membrane can be measured by a conventional method, or a filtration membrane with a predetermined area can be used.
- the perfusion ratio is not particularly limited, but is generally 0.3 vvd to 5.0 vvd, preferably 0.5 vvd to 2.0 vvd, and more preferably 0.5 vvd to 1.4 vvd.
- vvd means the amount of cell culture medium exchanged with fresh medium per volume of cell culture medium per day, i.e., volume of supply medium/volume of culture medium/Day.
- the product can be extracted from the culture medium by pumping it from the secondary side of the filtration membrane, but other available liquid delivery means may also be used.
- the extracted culture medium is then processed, for example, to recover the product and remove dead cells.
- the cell density can be adjusted to within ⁇ 10% of the target cell density by removing the culture medium containing the cells at least once a day.
- a part of the culture medium is removed together with the cells to reduce the viable cell density. This is called cell bleeding, and the amount of the culture medium can be maintained by adding the same amount of fresh medium as the removed culture medium. "More than once a day” includes the case of continuous automatic cell bleeding.
- the period for culturing the cells is not particularly limited, but is generally from 1 day to 1000 days, preferably from 7 days to 1000 days, more preferably from 10 days to 500 days, even more preferably from 10 days to 100 days, even more preferably from 15 days to 90 days, and particularly preferably from 20 days to 60 days.
- the culture period for producing a product having a cell density of 80 x 106 cells/mL or more is preferably 5 days or more and 990 days or less, or may be 5 days or more and 450 days or less, more preferably 10 days or more and 450 days or less, even more preferably 15 days or more and 190 days or less, and even more preferably 20 days or more and 90 days or less.
- alkali may be added during perfusion culture. However, it is also possible to culture without adding alkali throughout the entire perfusion culture period.
- the daily alkali addition rate A may be controlled within the range of 0 ⁇ A ⁇ 0.008 for at least 13 days or more from the time when the target cell density is reached during production of the product by perfusion culture.
- the alkali is not particularly limited, but is preferably Na 2 CO 3 , NaOH or NaHCO 3 , more preferably NaHCO 3 and/or Na 2 CO 3 , and particularly preferably NaHCO 3.
- the alkali can be added as an aqueous solution (e.g., an aqueous Na 2 CO 3 solution, an aqueous NaOH solution, or an aqueous NaHCO 3 solution).
- the pH of the alkaline aqueous solution to be added is 7 ⁇ pH ⁇ 13, preferably 7.5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 12, more preferably 7.5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 10, and even more preferably 8 ⁇ pH ⁇ 10.
- the pH of an alkaline aqueous solution is measured when the alkali dissolves in the water.
- the pH can be measured using a commercially available pH sensor. For example, there are pH meters from Mettler TOLEDO (Seven Excellence, Seven Direct, Five Easy).
- the pH of the medium added in the perfusion culture is preferably 7.0 to 8.0, more preferably 7.0 to 7.8, and even more preferably 7.0 to 7.6.
- the pH of the medium can be measured after incubation at 37° C. under 5% CO 2 for one day using a commercially available pH sensor, such as a pH meter (Seven Excellence, Seven Direct, Five Easy) from Mettler TOLEDO.
- the average pH of the culture medium during cultivation is preferably 6.7 to 7.2, and more preferably 6.8 to 7.0.
- the minimum pH of the culture medium during culture is preferably 6.6 or higher, more preferably 6.7 or higher, and even more preferably 6.8 or higher.
- the pH of the culture medium during cultivation can be controlled by automatically adding an alkaline aqueous solution while measuring the pH of the culture medium in-line.
- an antifoaming agent in perfusion culture, can be added.
- the antifoaming component of the antifoaming agent is preferably a silicone-based agent, and dimethicone is particularly preferred.
- the antifoaming component of the antifoaming agent is preferably one that contains polydimethylsiloxane, and more preferably one that contains finely powdered silica in polydimethylsiloxane.
- an antifoaming agent for example, HyClone ADCF Antifoam Agent manufactured by Cytiva can be used.
- the antifoaming agent may be added from the start of culture, or may be added at a predetermined time after the start of culture (for example, 1 to 10 days after the start of culture, preferably 2 to 9 days, more preferably 3 to 8 days, and particularly preferably 5 to 7 days).
- the addition rate of the antifoaming agent is not particularly limited, but the amount of the antifoaming agent added per unit culture volume and unit time when the antifoaming component is added to the culture tank is preferably 0.70 mg/hour/L or less, more preferably 0.07 mg/hour/L or more and 0.70 mg/hour/L or less, and even more preferably 0.2 mg/hour/L or more and 0.7 mg/hour/L or less.
- the addition rate is preferably 2 mg/day/L to 30 mg/day/L, more preferably 5 mg/day/L to 20 mg/day/L, and even more preferably 8 mg/day/L to 15 mg/day/L.
- a culture vessel 14 is a vessel that contains a culture medium containing cells. Cells are cultured in the culture medium inside the culture vessel 14.
- a culture medium is supplied to the culture vessel through a culture medium supply pipe 1 .
- An antifoaming agent for suppressing foaming is supplied to the culture vessel from an antifoaming agent supply pipe 2 .
- Alkali is supplied to the culture vessel through the alkali supply pipe 3. When no alkali is added, the alkali supply pipe 3 may be omitted.
- Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and air are introduced from the air supply pipe 4 into the upper part of the culture solution inside the culture vessel.
- Oxygen (O 2 ) and/or air is sent from the sparger air supply pipe 5, and the oxygen and/or air is introduced into the culture solution through a sparger 15 having a hole diameter of 20 ⁇ m. The sparger 15 can adjust the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture solution.
- the sparger hole diameter (hole diameter of the gas release part) is preferably 1 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 100 ⁇ m, even more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m, and one example is 20 ⁇ m.
- a sparger that releases a gas containing 30 volume % or more of oxygen can be preferably used.
- the exhaust pipe 6 is a pipe for exhausting air, and an exhaust filter (not shown) may be connected to one end of the pipe.
- the sampling pipe 7 is a pipe for collecting (sampling) the culture solution or for extracting (cell bleeding) the culture solution. In the case of automatic and continuous cell bleeding, a separate pipe may be installed (not shown).
- a pH sensor 8 is mounted so as to be in contact with the culture medium.
- a dissolved oxygen sensor 9 is mounted so as to be in contact with the culture medium.
- the cell culture device may be provided with pressure sensors 10, 11 and 13.
- the cell culture device is provided with a hollow fiber membrane 12 . The area enclosed by the dotted line indicates the tubing assembly from the culture vessel (culture tank) to the membrane.
- a stirring member having stirring blades 16 may be provided inside the culture vessel 14. By rotating the stirring blades 16, the culture solution inside the culture vessel 14 is stirred, and the homogeneity of the culture solution is maintained. By stirring the culture solution with the stirring blades 16, the bubbles released by the sparger are also stirred.
- the position of the stirring member having the stirring blades, the size of the stirring blades, etc. are not particularly limited, and may be designed according to the cell type used, the amount of culture solution, the amount of oxygen supplied, the position, number, size, etc. of the sparger. In addition, in order to quickly stir the bubbles coming out of the sparger and prevent the bubbles from coalescing, it is preferable to place the stirring blades 16 in a position close to the sparger.
- the cell suspension extracted from the culture vessel may be passed through a separation membrane to separate it into a cell-containing liquid and a permeate.
- This operation can be performed using a cell culture device.
- the cell suspension extracted from the culture vessel is separated into a cell-containing liquid having a higher cell concentration than the cell suspension and a permeate having a lower cell concentration than the cell suspension.
- the cell concentration can be measured using a Vi-CELL XR viable cell analyzer manufactured by Beckman Coulter.
- the membrane separation process described above is preferably tangential filtration, more preferably alternating tangential flow filtration or tangential flow filtration, and most preferably alternating tangential flow filtration.
- Filters capable of alternating tangential flow filtration include SuATF10-S02PES and F2 RF02PES manufactured by Repligen.
- the medium used for cell culture can be any medium used for culturing conventional animal cells.
- CD OptiCHO ThermoFisher
- Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium DMEM
- Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium MEM
- RPMI-1640 medium RPMI-1641 medium
- F-12K medium Ham's F12 medium
- Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium IMDM
- McCoy's 5A medium fetalovitz's L-15 medium
- EX-CELL (trademark) 300 series (JRH Biosciences)
- CHO-S-SFMII Invitrogen
- CHO-SF Sigma-Aldrich
- CD-CHO Invitrogen
- IS CHO-V Irvine Scientific
- PF-ACF-CHO Sigma-Aldrich
- the medium may be supplemented with serum, such as fetal calf serum (FCS), or without serum.
- FCS fetal calf serum
- the medium may be supplemented with additional components, such as amino acids, salts, sugars, vitamins, hormones, growth factors, buffers, antibiotics, lipids, trace elements, plant protein hydrolysates, etc. Protein-free media may also be used.
- the culture temperature is generally 30° C. to 40° C., preferably 32° C. to 39° C., and more preferably 36° C. to 38° C., and the culture temperature may be changed during culture.
- the culture can be carried out in an atmosphere with a CO2 concentration of 0 to 40% by volume, preferably 2 to 25% by volume, and more preferably 3 to 20% by volume.
- the culture scale is preferably 5 L or more and 100,000 L or less, more preferably 50 L or more and 100,000 L or less, even more preferably 500 L or more and 100,000 L or less, and even more preferably 1,000 L or more and 100,000 L or less.
- the upper limit of the culture scale is preferably 10,000 L, and more preferably 5,000 L.
- the medium may be replaced, aerated, or stirred as necessary.
- the stirring rotation speed is not particularly limited, but the stirring power per unit volume is generally 10 to 300 kW/ m3 , preferably 20 to 200 kW/ m3 , and more preferably 30 to 100 kW/ m3 .
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture medium can be appropriately set and is not particularly limited, but is generally 10 to 100%, preferably 30 to 90%.
- the dissolved CO 2 concentration during the period in which the cell density is maintained at 80 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or more is preferably 60 to 180 mmHg, more preferably 80 to 160 mmHg, and even more preferably 100 to 140 mmHg.
- the cell culture can be carried out using a cell culture device having the configuration described above in this specification.
- the cell culture device may be any of a fermenter-type tank culture device, an airlift-type culture device, a culture flask-type culture device, a spinner flask-type culture device, a microcarrier-type culture device, a fluidized bed-type culture device, a hollow fiber-type culture device, a roller bottle-type culture device, and a packed tank-type culture device. From the viewpoint of homogenizing the culture environment, it is preferable that the culture vessel is a single-use culture tank.
- the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture medium during production of the product is preferably greater than 0 and less than 100,000, more preferably greater than 10 and less than 30,000, and even more preferably greater than 100 and less than 5,000.
- the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture medium can be measured by withdrawing the culture medium, separating the cells and the supernatant at 300 G/5 minutes, and measuring the concentration of the supernatant using Roche's Cedex Bio.
- the viscosity ⁇ [mPa ⁇ s] of the culture medium at 37° C. during production of the product is preferably 0.5 ⁇ 10, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 5, and more preferably 1.3 ⁇ 3.
- the viscosity of the culture medium can be measured by maintaining the culture medium extracted from the culture tank at 37° C. and using a vibration viscometer (model number: VM-10A) manufactured by Sekonic.
- the type of cells in the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples include animal cells, plant cells, eukaryotic cells such as yeast, prokaryotic cells such as Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli.
- the cells are preferably animal cells (more preferably mammalian cells) or insect cells, and most preferably mammalian cells.
- the cells may be primary cells or established cell lines.
- Examples of the cells include Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, HEK cells (cells derived from human embryonic kidney), BHK cells, 293 cells, C127 cells, myeloma cells (such as NS0 cells), PerC6 cells, SP2/0 cells, hybridoma cells, COS cells (cells derived from African green monkey kidney), 3T3 cells, HeLa cells, Vero cells (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells), MDCK cells (cells derived from dog kidney tubular epithelial cells), PC12 cells, and WI38 cells.
- the cells may be stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ES cells) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells).
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- iPS cells induced pluripotent stem cells
- CHO cells HEK cells, BHK cells, and hybridomas are preferred, CHO cells and HEK cells are more preferred, and CHO cells are most preferred.
- CHO cells are widely used for the production of recombinant proteins, such as cytokines, clotting factors, and antibodies. It is preferable to use CHO cells deficient in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and an example of a DHFR-deficient CHO cell that can be used is CHO-DG44.
- DHFR dihydrofolate reductase
- These cells may be cells into which a foreign gene encoding a protein to be expressed (e.g., an antibody) has been introduced.
- the cells are preferably cells that produce antibodies.
- an expression vector can be used.
- an expression regulatory sequence e.g., an enhancer, a promoter, a terminator, etc.
- a selection marker gene e.g., an enhancer, a promoter, a terminator, etc.
- Any promoter can be used as long as it is functional in mammalian cells.
- Examples include the promoter of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) IE (immediate early) gene, the SV40 early promoter, retrovirus promoters, metallothionein promoters, heat shock promoters, SR ⁇ promoters, and the promoter and enhancer of Moloney murine leukemia virus.
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- An enhancer of the IE gene of human CMV may also be used together with the promoter.
- a selection marker gene for example, a drug resistance gene (neomycin resistance gene, dihydrofolate reductor (DHFR) gene, puromycin resistance gene, blasticidin resistance gene, hygromycin resistance gene, cycloheximide resistance gene, etc.) or a fluorescent gene (a gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) etc.) can be used.
- a drug resistance gene neomycin resistance gene, dihydrofolate reductor (DHFR) gene, puromycin resistance gene, blasticidin resistance gene, hygromycin resistance gene, cycloheximide resistance gene, etc.
- a fluorescent gene a gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) etc.
- the method for introducing an expression vector into cells is not particularly limited, and for example, the calcium phosphate method, electroporation, liposome method, gene gun method, and lipofection method can be used.
- a method for producing a product according to the present invention comprises culturing cells using a cell culture device and producing a product from the cells. According to the present invention, there is provided a product produced by the method for producing a product according to the present invention.
- the type of product is not particularly limited, but is preferably a protein, and more preferably a recombinant protein.
- the product include recombinant polypeptide chains, recombinant secreted polypeptide chains, antigen-binding proteins, antibodies (e.g., human antibodies, humanized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, mouse antibodies, bispecific antibodies, etc.), Fc fusion proteins, fragmented immune immunoglobulins, single-chain antibodies (scFv), etc.
- the product may be an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus, a lentivirus, etc.
- the product is preferably an antibody, more preferably a human antibody, a humanized antibody, a chimeric antibody, or a mouse antibody.
- fragmented immune immunoglobulins include Fab, F(ab')2, and Fv.
- the class of the antibody is not particularly limited, and may be any class such as IgG, such as IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM, but IgG and IgM are preferred when used as a medicine.
- Human antibodies include all antibodies that have one or more variable and constant regions derived from human immunoglobulin sequences. In one embodiment, all of the variable and constant domains are derived from human immunoglobulin sequences (fully human antibodies).
- a humanized antibody has a sequence that differs from that of an antibody derived from a non-human species by one or more amino acid substitutions, deletions, and/or additions such that the humanized antibody is less likely to provoke an immune response and/or is less likely to provoke a severe immune response when administered to a human subject, as compared to the non-human species antibody.
- certain amino acids within the framework and constant domains of the heavy and/or light chains of the non-human species antibody are mutated to produce a humanized antibody.
- constant domains from a human antibody are fused to variable domains of the non-human species.
- a chimeric antibody is an antibody in which variable and constant regions of different origins are linked.
- an antibody consisting of the heavy and light chain variable regions of a mouse antibody and the heavy and light chain constant regions of a human antibody is a mouse-human heterochimeric antibody.
- a recombinant vector that expresses a chimeric antibody can be produced by linking DNA encoding the variable region of a mouse antibody to DNA encoding the constant region of a human antibody and incorporating this into an expression vector. Recombinant cells transformed with the above vector are cultured and the incorporated DNA is expressed, allowing the chimeric antibody to be obtained during the culture.
- a bispecific antibody is an antibody that recognizes two different antigen specificities.
- Reported methods for producing bispecific antibodies include linking two immunoglobulin molecules with a crosslinker such as N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithiol) propionate or S-acetylmercaptosuccinic acid anhydride, and linking Fab fragments of immunoglobulin molecules together.
- Bispecific antibodies can also be expressed by introducing a gene encoding them into cells.
- An Fc fusion protein refers to a protein having an Fc region, and includes antibodies.
- Fab is a monovalent fragment containing the VL, VH, CL, and CH1 domains.
- F(ab')2 is a bivalent fragment having two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region.
- An Fv fragment comprises the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody.
- a single-chain antibody (scFv) is an antibody in which the VL and VH domains are joined via a linker (e.g., a synthetic sequence of amino acid residues) to form a continuous protein chain, where the linker is long enough to allow the protein chain to fold back on itself and form a monovalent antigen-binding site.
- the antibodies include, but are not limited to, anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies, anti-IL-6 antibodies, anti-glypican-3 antibodies, anti-CD3 antibodies, anti-CD20 antibodies, anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, anti-TNF antibodies, anti-CD25 antibodies, anti-EGFR antibodies, anti-Her2/neu antibodies, anti-RSV antibodies, anti-CD33 antibodies, anti-CD52 antibodies, anti-IgE antibodies, anti-CD11a antibodies, anti-VEGF antibodies, and anti-VLA4 antibodies.
- the product may be recovered by simply recovering the culture medium, or by using, for example, a filter or a centrifuge to recover the liquid from which at least a portion of the cells have been removed, and any known method may be used without particular limitation. If it is desired to improve the purity of the product, change the solvent, or change the form, for example, to make it into a powder, the culture medium or the liquid may be subjected to further processing.
- the product can be purified by a purification process.
- the product obtained can be purified to a high degree of purity.
- the separation and purification of the product can be performed using a method for separation and purification that is commonly used for proteins.
- the product can be separated and purified by appropriately selecting and combining a chromatography column such as affinity chromatography, a filter, ultrafiltration, salting out, dialysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, etc., but is not limited to these.
- the concentration of the product obtained above can be measured by absorbance measurement or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), etc.
- the antibody titer can be measured using a commercially available analytical device such as Roche's Cedex Bio.
- Chromatography other than affinity chromatography includes, for example, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, gel filtration, reverse phase chromatography, and adsorption chromatography. These chromatographies can be performed using liquid phase chromatography such as HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) or FPLC (fast protein liquid chromatography).
- the product can be modified or partially peptide-removed by treating it with an appropriate polypeptide-modifying enzyme before or after purification.
- polypeptide-modifying enzymes include trypsin, chymotrypsin, lysyl endopeptidase, protein kinase, and glucosidase.
- the products produced by the present invention can be used, for example, in biopharmaceuticals and regenerative medicine.
- a vector containing a nucleic acid sequence encoding IgG1 and IgG4 was constructed, and the constructed vector was introduced into CHO-DG44 cells to prepare CHO-DG44 cells expressing IgG1 (IgG1 cells) and CHO-DG44 cells expressing IgG4 (IgG4 cells).
- the construction of the vector and its introduction into the cells were performed in accordance with Example 2 of JP-A-2016-517691. As described above, CHO cells producing monoclonal antibodies were prepared and used in the following experiments.
- Example 5 Culture vessel: A glass culture vessel with a diameter of 225 mm and a tank height of 400 mm, and the stirring blade is a paddle blade with a diameter of 150 mm.
- ⁇ Cell culture> CHO cells were seeded at 0.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells/ml in CD OptiCHO (Thermo Fisher Scientific) medium. O2 was automatically controlled and supplied from a sparger installed in the culture tank so that the oxygen concentration in the culture solution from the bottom was 90%. No alkaline aqueous solution was added during the culture period. After culturing on the second day after seeding, the medium was continuously supplied at a perfusion ratio of 0.8 vvd while operating an ATF manufactured by Repligen, and the cell culture medium was continuously filtered to recover the recovery liquid. Furthermore, on the fifth day, the perfusion ratio was changed to 1.2 vvd.
- the addition rate of simethicone in the antifoaming agent was changed to 12.0 mg/day/L.
- cell bleeding was performed while withdrawing a portion of the culture medium so as to maintain the cell density at 120 ⁇ 10 6 cells/ml.
- the culture was continued until the membrane became clogged and the ATF could no longer function.
- the culture conditions are shown in the table below.
- ⁇ Evaluation method> Measurement of cell density and viability The culture medium was removed from the culture tank and measured using a Cell Viability Analyzer Vi-cell XR from Beckman Coulter, Inc. The Vi-cell software used was Vi-cell XR2.04, and the parameters during measurement were set as follows:
- Min diameter 6 ⁇ m
- Max diameter 50 ⁇ m
- Dilution When the cell concentration was 10 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL or less, the sample was not diluted and the dilution was set to 1. When the cell concentration was more than 10 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL, the sample was diluted 10-fold and the dilution was set to 10.
- Cell sharpness 100
- Minimum circularity 0 Decluster degree: Medium
- the cumulative time frequency Ttota was calculated by summing the time frequencies T at each shear rate.
- the cumulative time frequency T total represents the total time during which one cell is subjected to shear stress of 100 to 100,000 [1/s] per day.
- the culture solution in the culture tank was removed and diluted 10,000 times with ISOTON manufactured by Beckman Coulter.
- the particle size distribution of the diluted culture solution was measured from 1.46 to 42 ⁇ m using a precision particle size distribution measuring device, Multisizer 4e manufactured by Beckman Coulter.
- the data was output in increments of approximately 0.0124 ⁇ m.
- the cumulative number of particles from 1.47 to 6.00 ⁇ m is the total number of particles detected in the range of 1.47 to 6.00 ⁇ m.
- LDH lactate dehydrogenase
- Air Flow Rate This was measured using an oxygen mass flow meter (model number: 8500MC-S1-1-2, gas type: O 2 ) and an air mass flow meter (model number: 8500MC-S1-1-2, gas type: Air) manufactured by KOFLOC.
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Abstract
Description
<1> 培養槽において細胞を培養することを含む、生産物の製造方法であって、
生産物の製造時における細胞密度が80×106cells/mL以上300×106cells/mL以下であり、
培養が灌流培養であり、
培養スケールが5L以上100000L以下であり、
培養液中の細胞と生産物とを分離する膜の表面積あたりの、生産物の製造時における粒径1.47~6.00μmの粒子のDay10における累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.0×108であり、
通気速度V[vvm]が、0.09≦V≦1.0である、
生産物の製造方法。
ここで、累積個数Xとは、培養液について1.46~42μmの粒度分布を測定した時に、1.47~6.00μmの範囲で検出された粒子数を合計したものである。
<2> 上記のDay10における累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦9.7×106である、<1>に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<3> 上記のDay10における累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.3×106である、<1>に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<4> Day10以降の培養期間における最大の累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.0×108である、<1>から<3>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<5> Day10以降の培養期間における最大の累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.5×106である、<1>から<4>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<6> Day10以降の培養期間における最小の累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.0×108である、<1>から<5>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<7> Day10以降の培養期間における最小の累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦0.9×106である、<1>から<6>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<8> 上記累積個数X[個/mm2]と上記通気速度V[vvm]との関係が-104≦V-105×X-0.9≦0.1である、<1>から<7>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<9> 上記培養槽から上記膜までのチューブアセンブリ、および上記膜内において、細胞にかかる最大せん断速度D[1/s]が、0<D≦65000である、<1>から<8>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<10> 上記最大せん断速度D[1/s]が、0<D≦39000である、<9>に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<11> 上記最大せん断速度D[1/s]が、0<D≦3000である、<9>に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<12> 培養液の液量[L]あたりの膜面積[m2]の比率[m2/L]が、0.015以上1.0以下である、<1>から<11>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<13> 上記培養槽から上記膜までのチューブアセンブリ、および上記膜内において、最大せん断速度が細胞にかかる時間頻度T[s/day]が、0<T≦10000である、<1>から<12>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<14> 上記培養槽から上記膜までのチューブアセンブリ、および上記膜内において、100[1/s]以上100000[1/s]以下のせん断速度が細胞にかかる累積時間頻度Ttotal[s/day]が、0<Ttotal≦100000である、<1>から<13>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<15> 上記培養槽から上記膜までのチューブアセンブリのチューブおよび継手の最小内径d[mm]と培養液量C[L]との関係が、0.0001≦d/C≦100である、<1>から<14>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<16> 上記培養槽から上記膜までのチューブアセンブリのチューブおよび継手において、最小内径d[mm]となる流路の長さL[mm]と培養液量C[L]との関係が、0.001≦L/C≦1000である、<1>から<15>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<17> 生産物の製造時における培養液中の乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼの濃度[U/L]が0より大きく100000以下である、<1>から<16>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<18> 細胞を培養する期間が10日以上100日以下である、<1>から<17>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<19> 細胞を培養する期間が15日以上90日以下である、<1>から<18>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<20> 培養液中に通気されるスパージャー孔径が1~100μmである、<1>から<19>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<21> 濾過時の流束Y[LMH]が、0<Y≦10である、<1>から<20>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<22> 上記細胞が動物細胞である、<1>から<21>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<23> 上記細胞がCHO細胞である、<1>から<22>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<24> 上記生産物が抗体である、<1>から<23>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<26> 上記灌流培養において、細胞密度が80×106cells/mL以上である目標細胞密度に到達した後に、細胞を含む培養液を取り出すことにより、細胞密度を、上記目標細胞密度±40%以内に維持し、細胞密度が上記目標細胞密度±40%以内に維持された期間において、生産物を回収する、<1>から<25>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<27> 上記灌流培養において、細胞密度が80×106cells/mL以上である目標細胞密度に到達した後に、1日につき少なくとも1度以上細胞を含む培養液を取り出すことにより、細胞密度を、上記目標細胞密度±10%以内に調整することを含む、<1>から<26>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<28> 上記灌流培養による生産物の製造時における目標細胞密度に到達してからの期間のうち、少なくとも13日以上の期間において、1日あたりのアルカリ添加速度であるA[mol/L/day]が、0≦A<0.008の範囲で制御される、<1>から<27>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<29> 上記灌流培養の全期間において、アルカリ添加を行わない、<1>から<28>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<30> 消泡成分が培養槽に添加されるときの、単位培養液量及び単位時間あたりの上記消泡成分の添加量が0.70mg/時間/L以下である、<1>から<29>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<31> 消泡成分がシリコーン系である、<30>に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<32> 消泡成分がジメチコンである、<30>又は<31>に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<33> 培養液中の細胞と生産物とを分離する上記膜が、交互接線流:ATF方式である、<1>から<32>の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
<34> <1>から<33>の何れか一に記載の生産物の製造方法により製造される、生産物。
生産物の製造時における細胞密度が80×106cells/mL以上300×106cells/mL以下であり、
培養が灌流培養であり、
培養スケールが5L以上100000L以下であり、
培養液中の細胞と生産物とを分離する膜の表面積あたりの、生産物の製造時における粒径1.47~6.00μmの粒子のDay10における累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.0×108であり、
通気速度V[vvm]が、0.09≦V≦1.0である、
生産物の製造方法に関するものである。本発明によれば、特にATF/TFF等の膜を用いた灌流培養において生産性を向上させることができる。
1.46~42μmの粒度分布は、Beckman Coulter社の精密粒度分布測定装置Multisizer 4eを用いて測定することができる。
Day10における累積個数Xとは、培養開始日をDay0として培養開始から10日目であるDay10における累積個数Xを意味する。
Day10以降の培養期間における最大の累積個数Xとは、培養開始日をDay0として培養開始から10日目であるDay10以降における累積個数Xの最大値である。
Day10以降の培養期間における最小の累積個数Xとは、培養開始日をDay0として培養開始から10日目であるDay10以降における累積個数Xの最小値である。
本発明において、最大通気速度V[vvm]は、0.09≦V≦1.0であり、好ましくは0.09≦V≦0.5であり、より好ましくは0.09≦V≦0.2である。
通気速度は、KOFLOC社製の酸素用マスフローメーター(型番:8500MC-S1-1-2、ガス種:O2)および空気用マスフローメーター(型番8500MC-S1-1-2、ガス種:Air))を用いて測定することができる。
累積個数Xと通気速度Vの測定方法は上記した通りである。
せん断速度Dは、後記する実施例の<評価方法>における「(4)培養槽から膜までのチューブアセンブリおよび膜内におけるせん断速度(D)」に記載した式に従って算出することができる。
培養液の液量[L]は、常法により測定または規定することができる。膜面積[m2]は、常法により測定することができ、または所定の規定された膜面積の膜を使用することができる。
上記の時間頻度Tは、後記する実施例の<評価方法>における「(5)培養槽から膜までのチューブアセンブリおよび膜内における時間頻度(T)」に記載した式に従って算出することができる。
上記の累積時間頻度Ttotaは、各せん断速度における時間頻度Tの和であり、時間頻度Tは、後記する実施例の<評価方法>における「(5)培養槽から膜までのチューブアセンブリおよび膜内における時間頻度(T)」に記載した式により算出することができる。
最小内径dと培養液量Cは、常法により測定又は規定することができる。
最小内径dと流路の長さLは、常法により測定又は規定することができる。
細胞密度は、培養槽内の培養液を抜き取り、Beckman Coulter社のCell Viability Analyzer Vi-cell XRを用いて測定することができる。
好ましくは、上記灌流培養において、細胞密度が80×106cells/mL以上である目標細胞密度に到達した後に、1日につき少なくとも1度以上細胞を含む培養液を取り出すことにより、細胞密度を、上記目標細胞密度±10%以内に調整することができる。
濾過膜の面積は、常法により測定することができ、または予め所定の面積の濾過膜を使用することができる。
この培養中の生細胞密度が過剰にならないよう、培養液の一部を細胞ごと抜き取ることにより生細胞密度を減らすことをセルブリーディング(セルブリード)といい、抜き出した培養液と同量の新鮮な培地を加えることで培養液の量を維持することができる。1日に1度以上とは、連続的に自動的にセルブリードする場合も含む。
培地のpHは5%CO2かつ37℃インキュベート下で1日保管した後、一般的に市販されているpHセンサで測定可能である。例えば、Mettler TOLEDO社のpHメータ(Seven Excellence、Seven Direct、Five Easy)がある。
消泡剤供給配管2からは発泡を抑制するための消泡剤が、培養容器に供給される。
アルカリ供給配管3からはアルカリが、培養容器に供給される。アルカリ添加をしない場合は、アルカリ供給配管3はなくてもよい。
送気配管4からは二酸化炭素(CO2)および空気が、培養容器の内部の培養液の上部に導入される。
スパージャー送気配管5からは酸素(O2)及び/または空気が送られ、酸素及び/または空気は、孔径20μmのスパージャー15を介して培養液に導入される。スパージャー15により、培養液内の溶存酸素濃度を調節することができる。スパージャー孔径(ガス放出部の孔径)は好ましくは1~300μmであり、より好ましくは1~100μmであり、さらに好ましくは5~50μmであり、特に好ましくは10~30μmであり、一例としては20μmである。スパージャーとしては、好ましくは、酸素を30体積%以上含むガスを放出するスパージャーを使用することができる。
サンプリング管7は、培養液を採取(サンプリング)したり、培養液を抜き出す(セルブリード)ためのパイプである。自動で連続的にセルブリードする場合は別途配管を設置してもよい(図示せず)。
pHセンサー8が、培養液に接触するように装着されている。
溶存酸素センサー9が、培養液に接触するように装着されている。
細胞培養装置には、圧力センサー10、11及び13を設けることができる。
細胞培養装置には、中空糸膜12が設置されている。
点線で囲んだ領域は、培養容器(培養槽)から膜までのチューブアセンブリを示す。
培養温度は、一般的には30℃~40℃であり、好ましくは32℃~39℃であり、より好ましくは36℃~38℃であり、培養中に培養温度を変更してもよい。
培養は、CO2濃度が0~40体積%、好ましくは2~25体積%、さらに好ましくは3~20体積%の雰囲気下で行うことができる。
また、細胞密度が80×106cells/mL以上に維持される期間の溶存CO2濃度は、好ましくは60~180mmHgであり、より好ましくは、80~160mmHgであり、さらに好ましくは、100~140mmHgである。
培養液中の乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(LDH)の濃度は、培養液を抜き取り、300G/5分で細胞と上清を分離し、上清についてRoche社のCedex Bioで測定することができる。
培養液の粘度は、培養槽から抜き取った培養液を37℃に維持し、セコニック社の振動式粘度計(型番:VM-10A)を使って測定することができる。
本発明によれば、本発明による生産物の製造方法により製造される生産物が提供される。
Fabは、VL、VH、CL及びCH1ドメインを有する一価断片である。
F(ab’)2は、ヒンジ領域でジスルフィド架橋により結合された2つのFab断片を有する二価断片である。
Fv断片は、抗体のシングルアームのVL及びVHドメインを有する。
一本鎖抗体(scFv)は、VL及びVH領域がリンカー(例えば、アミノ酸残基の合成配列)を介して接合して、連続したタンパク質鎖を形成する抗体であり、ここでリンカーは、タンパク質鎖をそれ自身に折り重ね、一価抗原結合部位を形成させるのに十分な長さである。
IgG1及びIgG4をコードする核酸配列を含むベクターを構築し、構築したベクターをCHO-DG44細胞へ導入することにより、IgG1を発現させるCHO-DG44細胞(IgG1細胞)とIgG4を発現させるCHO-DG44細胞(IgG4細胞)を作製した。ベクターの構築及び細胞への導入は、特表2016-517691号公報の実施例2に準じて行った。上記により、モノクローナル抗体を産生するCHO細胞を準備し、以下の実験において使用した。
実施例1~4:
培養容器:直径349mm、槽高さ685mmのプラスチック製シングルユース培養容器、攪拌翼は直径116mmのプロペラ翼
ろ過:Repligen社製ATF4のシステムにF4 RF02PES-V2膜を使用した。F4 RF02PES-V2膜の孔径は0.2μm、中空糸径は1mm、ろ過面積は0.77m2である。
培養容器:直径225mm、槽高さ400mmのガラス製培養容器、攪拌翼は直径150mmのパドル翼
ろ過:Repligen社製ATF2のシステムにF2 RF02PES膜を使用した。F2 RF02PES膜の孔径は0.2μm、中空糸径は1mm、ろ過面積は0.13m2である。
CHO細胞を0.5×106cells/mlで播種する。培地にはCD OptiCHO(Thermo Fisher Scientific社製)を用いた。
下面から培養液中の酸素濃度が90%になるように培養槽に設置されたスパージャーからO2を自動制御し供給した。培養期間中、アルカリ水溶液を添加しなかった。
播種後2日目に培養した後、灌流比0.8vvdで培地を連続供給しながら、Repligen社製ATFを運転し、細胞培養液を連続濾過し回収液を回収した。
更に5日目に灌流比1.2vvdに変更した。
更に6日目に消泡剤中のシメチコンの添加速度を12.0mg/day/Lとした。
細胞密度が120×106cells/mlに到達したら、細胞密度が120×106cells/mlで維持されるよう培養液の一部を引き抜きながら、セルブリードを行った。
膜詰まりが発生し、ATFが動作できなくなるまで培養を継続した。
培養条件は、下記表に記載する。
(1)細胞密度、Viabilityの測定
培養槽内の培養液を抜き取り、Beckman Coulter社のCell Viability Analyzer Vi-cell XRを用い測定した。なおVi-cellソフトはVi-cell XR2.04を用い、測定時のパラメータは以下のように設定した。
Dilution:細胞濃度が10×106cells/mL以下のときは、サンプル希釈せず、Dilutionを1とした。細胞濃度が10×106cells/mLより高いときは、サンプルを10倍希釈し、Dilutionを10とした。
Cell brightness:75%、 Cell sharpness:100
Viable cell spоt brightness:75%
Viable cell spоt area:5%
Minimum circularity:0
Decluster degree:Medium
培養槽内の培養液を抜き取り、SIEMENS社のRAPIDLab 348EXを用い測定した。
ろ過流束は一定時間内にろ過膜を通過した液の重量を記録して測定した。往復流量はコントローラーに設定値を入力し、コントローラーにより制御した。
累積時間頻度Ttotaは、各せん断速度における時間頻度Tの和を計算により算出した。
つまり、累積時間頻度Ttotaは一日に一つの細胞が100~100000[1/s]のせん断を受けている時間の合計を表す。
培養槽内の培養液を抜き取り、Beckman Coulter社のISOTONで10000倍希釈した。上記希釈培養液について、Beckman Coulter社の精密粒度分布測定装置Multisizer 4eを用いて1.46~42μmの粒度分布を測定した。データは約0.0124μm刻みで出力される。1.47~6.00μm粒子の累積個数とは、1.47~6.00μmの範囲で検出された粒子数を合計したものである。
培養液を抜き取り、300G/5分で細胞と上清を分離した。上清をRoche社のCedex Bioで測定した。
培養槽内の培養液を抜き取り、抜き取った培養液を37℃に維持し、セコニック社の振動式粘度計(型番:VM-10A)を使って、粘度を測定した。
EPPENDORF社製のマイクロピペット(型番:4920 000.083)で1ml定量し、その重量をMETTLER TOLED社製の天びん(ML6002T/00)で測定した。上記重量を1000倍して、密度[kg/m3]とした。
KOFLOC社製の酸素用マスフローメーター(型番:8500MC-S1-1-2、ガス種:O2)と、空気用マスフローメーター(型番8500MC-S1-1-2、ガス種:Air)で実測した。
ATF1次側の圧力はRepligen社製のACPM-05TC-01Nで測定した。ATF2次側の圧力はRepligen社製のACPM-799-01Nで測定した。day30までの1次側最大差圧を、下記表に記載した。
膜詰まりの評価の基準を以下に示す。
A:培養開始から詰まるまでの日数が30日以上である場合。
B:培養開始から詰まるまでの日数が20日以上29日以下である場合。
C:培養開始から詰まるまでの日数が10日以上19日以下である場合。
実施例1~5についての培養条件および結果を下記表に示す。
実施例1~5において、培養継続日数は16日以上であった。上記の結果から、培養槽内の粒子の累積個数(せん断速度)と、通気速度とを適切な領域に制御することによって、灌流培養中の膜の詰まりを抑制した状態で培養を継続できることが実証された。
2 消泡剤供給配管
3 アルカリ供給配管
4 送気配管
5 スパージャー送気配管
6 排気管
7 サンプリング管
8 pHセンサー
9 溶存酸素センサー
10 圧力センサー
11 圧力センサー
12 中空糸膜
13 圧力センサー
14 培養容器
15 スパージャー
16 撹拌羽根
Claims (24)
- 培養槽において細胞を培養することを含む、生産物の製造方法であって、
生産物の製造時における細胞密度が80×106cells/mL以上300×106cells/mL以下であり、
培養が灌流培養であり、
培養スケールが5L以上100000L以下であり、
培養液中の細胞と生産物とを分離する膜の表面積あたりの、生産物の製造時における粒径1.47~6.00μmの粒子のDay10における累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.0×108であり、
通気速度V[vvm]が、0.09≦V≦1.0である、
生産物の製造方法:ここで、累積個数Xとは、培養液について1.46~42μmの粒度分布を測定した時に、1.47~6.00μmの範囲で検出された粒子数を合計したものである。 - 前記のDay10における累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦9.7×106である、請求項1に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記のDay10における累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.3×106である、請求項1に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- Day10以降の培養期間における最大の累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.0×108である、請求項1に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- Day10以降の培養期間における最大の累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.5×106である、請求項1に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- Day10以降の培養期間における最小の累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦1.0×108である、請求項1に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- Day10以降の培養期間における最小の累積個数X[個/mm2]が、0<X≦0.9×106である、請求項1に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記累積個数X[個/mm2]と前記通気速度V[vvm]との関係が-104≦V-105×X-0.9≦0.1である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記培養槽から前記膜までのチューブアセンブリ、および前記膜内において、細胞にかかる最大せん断速度D[1/s]が、0<D≦65000である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記最大せん断速度D[1/s]が、0<D≦39000である、請求項9に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記最大せん断速度D[1/s]が、0<D≦3000である、請求項9に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 培養液の液量[L]あたりの膜面積[m2]の比率[m2/L]が、0.015以上1.0以下である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記培養槽から前記膜までのチューブアセンブリ、および前記膜内において、最大せん断速度が細胞にかかる時間頻度T[s/day]が、0<T≦10000である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記培養槽から前記膜までのチューブアセンブリ、および前記膜内において、100[1/s]以上100000[1/s]以下のせん断速度が細胞にかかる累積時間頻度Ttotal[s/day]が、0<Ttotal≦100000である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記培養槽から前記膜までのチューブアセンブリのチューブおよび継手の最小内径d[mm]と培養液量C[L]との関係が、0.0001≦d/C≦100である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記培養槽から前記膜までのチューブアセンブリのチューブおよび継手において、最小内径d[mm]となる流路の長さL[mm]と培養液量C[L]との関係が、0.001≦L/C≦1000である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 生産物の製造時における培養液中の乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼの濃度[U/L]が0より大きく100000以下である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 細胞を培養する期間が10日以上100日以下である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 細胞を培養する期間が20日以上90日以下である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 培養液中に通気されるスパージャー孔径が1~100μmである、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 濾過時の流束Y[LMH]が、0<Y≦10である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記細胞が動物細胞である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記細胞がCHO細胞である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
- 前記生産物が抗体である、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の生産物の製造方法。
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| JP2016517691A (ja) | 2013-05-03 | 2016-06-20 | フジフィルム・ダイオシンス・バイオテクノロジーズ ・ユーケイ・リミテッド | 発現方法 |
| WO2018159847A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 細胞培養装置及び細胞培養方法 |
| US20190085284A1 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-21 | Codiak Biosciences, Inc. | Production of Extracellular Vesicles in Single-Cell Suspension using Chemically-Defined Cell Culture Media |
| WO2019181234A1 (ja) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 生産物の製造方法 |
| WO2023190829A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 生産物の製造方法、及び生産物 |
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| EP3443064A1 (en) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-02-20 | Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH | Cell retention device and method |
| EP3792344A4 (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2021-06-23 | FUJIFILM Corporation | METHOD FOR CELL CULTURE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PRODUCT AND APPARATUS FOR CELL CULTURE |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016517691A (ja) | 2013-05-03 | 2016-06-20 | フジフィルム・ダイオシンス・バイオテクノロジーズ ・ユーケイ・リミテッド | 発現方法 |
| WO2018159847A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 細胞培養装置及び細胞培養方法 |
| US20190085284A1 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-21 | Codiak Biosciences, Inc. | Production of Extracellular Vesicles in Single-Cell Suspension using Chemically-Defined Cell Culture Media |
| WO2019181234A1 (ja) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 生産物の製造方法 |
| WO2023190829A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 生産物の製造方法、及び生産物 |
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| EP4596704A4 (en) | 2026-03-11 |
| JPWO2024071373A1 (ja) | 2024-04-04 |
| EP4596704A1 (en) | 2025-08-06 |
| US20250223624A1 (en) | 2025-07-10 |
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