WO2024072157A1 - 오가노이드 제작 방법 - Google Patents
오가노이드 제작 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024072157A1 WO2024072157A1 PCT/KR2023/015128 KR2023015128W WO2024072157A1 WO 2024072157 A1 WO2024072157 A1 WO 2024072157A1 KR 2023015128 W KR2023015128 W KR 2023015128W WO 2024072157 A1 WO2024072157 A1 WO 2024072157A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of producing organoids from biological tissue. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of producing organoids from biological tissue. More specifically, the dissociation of cells by enzymatic treatment for conventional organoid production is replaced by physical dissociation, thereby solving the problem of low organoid production rate by enzymatic treatment. This is about a new organoid production method that solves the problem.
- Organoids are experimental models similar to cell lines and have the advantage of being capable of long-term culture and cryopreservation and of being easy to manipulate and observe. In addition, it is an experimental model that can study physiological phenomena at a level higher than that of cells by maintaining the original characteristics of cells and reproducing cellular hierarchical and histological structures that were only seen in vivo.
- Organoids can be used in two ways: as a disease model using similarity to actual organs, and as a regenerative treatment using tissue regeneration ability.
- Organoid-based disease models are human organ models that can be produced using human tissue, and can yield results more similar to living organisms than research using animal experiments or monolayer culture experiments. Organoids can be used to study development and regeneration mechanisms through normal organ modeling, and to study pathogenesis and drug development through disease modeling of organs. In particular, in the case of cancer organoids, most areas are possible, including tumor formation mechanisms, precision medicine, and anticancer drug development. It can be used in the field of tumor research. The second application area, organoid-based regenerative therapy, can be a fundamental treatment that can repair tissue damage by transplanting organoids directly into damaged tissue.
- organoid production including salivary glands, liver, lacrimal glands, biliary tract, thyroid, hair follicles, pancreas, stomach, and endometrium
- the success rate of organoid culture varies considerably depending on the organ or the size of the target cell sample. It is known that For example, when making organoids using surgical tissue as the source, the culture success rate is high, but when making organoids using small specimens such as biopsy specimens, the culture success rate is quite low (Cells. 2021 Nov 4;10(11): 3012).
- organoids do not simulate the actual tumor microenvironment (Nat. Commun.2019,10, 3991).
- cancer tissue is usually cut into small pieces (mechanical dissociation) with scissors or a knife, and then treated with an enzyme such as dispase to separate cells by cutting fibronectin and collagen on the cell surface.
- an enzyme such as dispase to separate cells by cutting fibronectin and collagen on the cell surface.
- the payment organization was dismantled. According to this conventional method, tissues are easily decomposed into single cells, but some cells die due to the cytotoxicity of enzymes, and living cells often deteriorate and do not divide well.
- lung cancer treatment outcomes have improved significantly over the past 10 years due to the development of innovative treatments such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, it is still the most common cause of cancer death, and the 5-year survival rate for lung cancer as a whole is only 32.5%. Accordingly, research is being actively conducted on lung cancer using organoids to identify the mechanism of cancer development, screen new drugs, and provide personalized anticancer treatment.
- organoids to identify the mechanism of cancer development, screen new drugs, and provide personalized anticancer treatment.
- the culture success rate is very low, around 10-20% (Cell Rep.2020,31, 10758 / NPJ Precis. Oncol.2021 ,5, 29).
- US 2021-0087532 A1 relates to a technology for producing organoids without time constraints from cryogenically preserved tissue, including the steps of thawing the cryopreserved tissue suspended in a preservation medium to obtain isolated cells, and washing the freezing medium. It goes through the step of dissociating the epithelial cells underlying the mesenchyme by treating it with an enzyme (Dispase).
- Dissociating the epithelial cells underlying the mesenchyme by treating it with an enzyme (Dispase).
- This document reports that it is possible to produce organoids from long-term cryopreserved tissue, although they are smaller and have less structured (crypts) compared to organoids from fresh tissue that has not been cryopreserved.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for easily producing organoids from biological tissue, especially biopsy tissue.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing organoids without enzymatic treatment and therefore without hazards caused by enzymatic treatment.
- step (A) Quick freezing of biological tissue; (B) thawing the rapidly frozen sample; (C) mechanically dissociating the thawed sample to obtain dissociated cells; (D) manufacturing an organoid using the dissociated cells.
- step (A) all or a local portion of the biological tissue separated by surgery or biopsy may be rapidly frozen, or it may be locally rapidly frozen before the tissue is separated through surgery or biopsy and then separated. will be.
- steps (A) and (B) there may be a time gap between steps (A) and (B). That is, in the present invention, a 'frozen specimen' may be obtained immediately from a living body, or may be a tissue obtained and cryopreserved.
- the step (A) includes a substep of locally freezing a predetermined area for obtaining dissociated cells from biological tissue by contacting a cryoprobe tip, and a substep of isolating only the locally frozen area from the biological tissue. It may be.
- the cryoprobe tip temperature is preferably -40 to -130°C and the contact time is preferably 3 to 5 seconds. Since the types of cryogenic probes, handling temperatures, etc. are widely known in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.
- a cryogenic probe it is possible to obtain a cell mass in a local area of interest among biological tissues, thereby maximizing the identity of cells among the obtained samples. For example, it is possible to isolate and obtain only the lesion area where cancer cells are expressed among biological tissues with high purity.
- the biological tissue may be separated by a percutaneous or endoscopic biopsy method (frozen biopsy or forceps biopsy), but acquisition by a surgical method is not excluded.
- the biological tissue may be cancer tissue, more specifically, lung cancer tissue, but is not limited thereto.
- the lung cancer tissue is preferably obtained through a non-surgical biopsy procedure, but is not limited thereto.
- the lung cancer tissue may be obtained through a non-surgical frozen biopsy procedure.
- cancer organoids such as cancer cells from a malignant pleural effusion or metastatic lesions that do not have normal cells.
- Creating cancer organoids from tissue for example, only 8-12% of non-small cell lung cancer cases have malignant pleural effusion at the time of diagnosis, and the characteristics of cancer cells in metastatic lesions and cancer cells in the primary site may be different. Therefore, non-surgical tissue samples obtained through percutaneous biopsy, endoscopy, and ultrasound endoscopy, which selectively biopsy only cancerous lesions as much as possible, are good samples for making high-purity cancer organoids.
- organoids can be produced from cells obtained through physical dissociation rather than 'enzymatic dissociation', so organoids can be produced without adverse effects due to 'enzymatic dissociation'.
- organoids can be easily produced not only from surgically obtained specimens but also from biological tissue through biopsy, and by using this, lung cancer can be obtained from lung cancer biopsy specimens from stage 3 and 4 lung cancer patients, which was previously almost impossible. It is possible to produce organoids, and using them, personalized anticancer treatment and screening for new anticancer drugs become possible.
- Figures 1 and 2 are photographs showing the process of preprocessing surgical tissue and small biopsy tissue, respectively.
- Figure 3 is a photograph showing the process of generating organoids in an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of the cryoprobe used in the example and a photograph showing the rapid freezing process.
- 5 to 7 are various photos of organoids produced by the method according to the present invention.
- Figures 8 and 9 are holotomography photos of organoids produced by the method according to the present invention.
- Figure 10 shows the results of single cell RNA sequencing of organoids according to the example.
- Figure 11 is UMAP showing the type and state of organoid cells according to the example.
- Figure 12 is a conceptual diagram showing the drug sensitivity test situation of organoids according to an example.
- Figures 13 and 14 are photographs and graphs showing the viability and survival rate of organoids to drugs according to examples, respectively.
- the present invention is a tissue sample dissociation method for successful culturing of organoids derived from biopsy specimens, which had previously had a low culture success rate, through a process of rapid freezing and thawing of tissues.
- the present invention improves the success rate of organoid culture of organs by eliminating the enzymatic dissociation process that has been commonly performed and applying rapid freezing and thawing to sample tissues. To date, no cases of using quick freezing and thawing methods for organoid culture have been confirmed.
- tissue organoids were generated larger and faster than when using the existing enzyme dissociation method.
- the organoid production method according to the present invention can be used in a variety of ways.
- it can be used in lung cancer treatment as follows:
- a re-biopsy is performed to check for new genetic mutations or drug resistance mechanisms to select the next treatment drug.
- a typical example is that if the disease progresses after EGFR-TKI treatment, Osimertinib treatment is started when the EGFR T790M mutation is confirmed through rebiopsy.
- Osimertinib treatment is started when the EGFR T790M mutation is confirmed through rebiopsy.
- lung cancer organoids created at various locations and at various times allow for the heterogeneity and drug sensitivity patterns of cancer cells in various regions to be discovered and the characteristics of anticancer drug-resistant cancer cells to be studied more in-depth.
- a lung cancer organoid cluster that collects organoids made from various parts and time points of a patient, we can select the optimal group of lung cancer organoids needed for the study not only for customized treatment for each patient but also for candidate drug screening to conduct various studies. You can proceed.
- lung cancer stages 1 to 4 Lung cancer tissues (non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer) obtained from lung cancer patients were used as specimens with the consent of the patients. Lung cancer tissue isolated from the patient's body was stored in DMEM/F12 medium (Gibco, Waltham, MA, USA) containing 1% penicillin and streptomycin, and the following processes were performed within 12 hours.
- Example type 1 surgical tissue acquisition ⁇ freezing ⁇ thawing ⁇ mechanical dissociation
- Example Type 2 Endoscopic frozen biopsy ⁇ thawing ⁇ mechanical dissociation
- step 1 1 ml of Dissociation Buffer with the composition shown in the table below was added to the lung cancer tissue lesion, cut into small pieces with scissors, and enzyme digestion (DNase (sigma; AMPD1), liberase) was performed at 37°C for 30 minutes. 'Enzymatic dissociation' was performed in the same process as ).
- organoids In the case of the example (generating organoids through 'dissociation by freezing-thawing'), the organoids grew significantly (see FIGS. 5 to 9), but in the comparative example where organoid generation was attempted through 'enzymatic dissociation' (FIG. In (see 5), organoids were not formed well in both normal lungs and lung cancer, so the characteristics of various organoids such as those in the examples could not be confirmed.
- the organoids of the example after 10 days of culture were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to a known method (see Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3991.) and then analyzed under a microscope (see FIG. 6).
- Normal lung organoid is a normal lung organoid produced using a cancer-free part of a resected lung
- small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer are organoids derived from small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, respectively.
- organoids were not formed in neither normal lung nor lung cancer.
- normal lung organoids have the cross-sectional shape of a normal airway, while lung cancer organoids have various cells compactly clustered together.
- small cell lung cancer is mainly composed of cells with large nuclei and little cytoplasm, while non-small cell lung cancer has smaller nuclei and more cytoplasm than small cell lung cancer.
- normal lung organoid which has a structure similar to the cross section of a normal airway, small cell lung cancer, and lung cancer organoid, which has a structure similar to non-small cell lung cancer.
- Refractive index tomography was performed to confirm the three-dimensional structure of the organoid, the lumen structure in the center of the organoid, and the surrounding cells.
- Holotomographic imaging of non-small cell lung cancer organoids after 10 days of culture was performed (see Figures 8 and 9). Holotomography was carried out as follows: organoids were harvested from cold DPBS (Welgene) on plates and centrifuged at 500 ⁇ g for 5 min at 4°C. The pellet was washed once with cold DPBS and centrifuged again (repeated 3 times). The organoid pellet was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Biosesang) at 4°C for 24 hours, centrifuged at 500 ⁇ g for 5 minutes at 4°C, washed once with DPBS, and centrifuged again (repeated twice) ).
- organoids were harvested from cold DPBS (Welgene) on plates and centrifuged at 500 ⁇ g for 5 min at 4°C. The pellet was washed once with cold DPBS and centrifuged again (repeated 3 times). The organoid pellet was fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (
- Organoid pellets in DPBS were transferred to a 50 mm imaging dish with a 1.5 bottom coverslip (TomoDish; Tomocube).
- Three-dimensional refractive index tomograms with a 140 ⁇ m Z-scan range were acquired using an HT-X1 holotomography (Tomocube) and visualized through image analysis software (TomoAnalysis version 1.5; Tomocube).
- lung cancer organoids of various shapes composed of various cells were generated (FIG. 8). Additionally, holotomography of lung cancer organoids taken from multiple Z sections ( Figure 9) shows various intracellular features such as (a) mucosal layer, (b) apicobasal polarization, ciliated cells (red arrows), (c) mitochondria, and lipid droplets. Shows organelles. Looking at this in more detail, the following characteristics can be identified: The mucus secreted in the lumen was distinguished by a slightly higher refractive index distribution than the mucus in the respiratory tract.
- ciliated cells were clearly identified based on their multiciliated structure. Subcellular structures of each cell, such as nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, and lipid droplets, were also observed.
- organoids reproduced the structure and function of the human lung in vivo.
- Figure 5 in the comparative example in which organoid production was attempted through 'enzymatic dissociation', organoids were not formed well in both normal lung and lung cancer, and various characteristics of organoids such as those in the example could not be confirmed. .
- lung cancer organoids and lung cancer organoids were separated into single cells and single cell RNA sequencing was performed.
- lung organoids include tumor cells (cancer cells), cycling cells (proliferating cells), and normal lung cells (basal cells, neuroendocrine cells, suprabasal cells. It includes club cells, goblet cells, multiciliated cells, deuterosomal cells, etc.
- the results of single cell RNA sequencing and UMAP (Uniform Manifold approximation and projection; Cell 2019, 177, 1888-1902.e21. reference) of the type and state of organoid cells are shown in Figures 10 and 11, respectively.
- the lung cancer organoid according to the present invention was composed of cancer cells of very high purity.
- organoids were not formed in the comparative example.
- Lung cancer organoids composed of highly purified cancer cells obtained by the present invention can be used in drug screening to determine the most effective drug for treating lung cancer patients.
- lung cancer tissue showing EGFR mutation was used as a lung cancer organoid obtained according to the method of the present invention (producing organoids by obtaining cancer cells through 'dissociation by freezing-thawing') as follows.
- a drug sensitivity test was conducted. An overview of the experiment is conceptually shown in Figure 12.
- Organoid spots were scanned with an automated optical fluorescence scanner (ASFA® scanner, Korea Medical & Bio Decision). The scanner's microscope moved in the z direction to automatically focus on cell spots, and 384 individual pictures were taken at 4x magnification from one stained column/well plate. The photos were then combined into a single JPEG image for data analysis. Scanned images were analyzed using CellAnalyzer version 2.0 (Medical and Bio Decision). After scanning the cells, the organoid spots were transferred to a new 384-well plate containing CellTiter-Glo® 3D reagent, and intracellular ATP levels were measured through luminescence activity.
- lung cancer organoids from EGFR mutant lung cancer patients were clinically identical to actual EGFR mutant lung cancer patients. It was confirmed that it was sensitive to EGFR-TKI (Afatinib, osimertinib) but not to ALK inhibitors (Alectinib, crizotinib) (see table below).
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Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- (A) 생체 조직을 급속 냉동처리하는 단계;(B) 상기 급속 냉동처리된 검체를 해동하는 단계;(C) 상기 해동된 검체를 기계적으로 해리하여 해리된 세포를 획득하는 단계;(D) 상기 해리된 세포를 이용하여 오가노이드를 제작하는 단계:를포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 오가노이드 제작 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 단계(A)는,생체 조직의 해리 세포 획득을 위한 소정 부위에 극저온프로브(cryoprobe) tip을 접촉시켜 국소 냉동시키는 소단계와,생체 조직으로부터 국소 냉동 부위만을 분리하는 소단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 오가노이드 제작 방법.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 극저온프로브(cryoprobe) tip 온도는 -40~-130℃이고 접촉시간은 3~5초인 것을 특징으로 하는 오가노이드 제작 방법.
- 청구항 2에 있어서,상기 생체 조직은 생검법에 의해 분리된 것을 특징으로 하는 오가노이드 제작 방법.
- 청구항 1에 있어서,상기 생체 조직은 암 조직인 것을 특징으로 하는 오가노이드 제작 방법.
- 청구항 5에 있어서,상기 생체 조직은 폐암 조직인 것을 특징으로 하는 오가노이드 제작 방법.
- 청구항 6에 있어서,상기 폐암 조직은 비수술적 생검 시술에 의해 획득된 것을 특징으로 하는 오가노이드 제작 방법.
- 청구항 7에 있어서,상기 폐암 조직은 비수술적 냉동 생검 시술에 의해 획득된 것을 특징으로 하는 오가노이드 제작 방법.
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| EP23873264.8A EP4596683A4 (en) | 2022-09-27 | 2023-09-27 | PROCESS FOR PREPARING ORGANOID |
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| PCT/KR2023/015128 Ceased WO2024072157A1 (ko) | 2022-09-27 | 2023-09-27 | 오가노이드 제작 방법 |
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| EP (1) | EP4596683A4 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR20240043720A (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2024072157A1 (ko) |
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| KR102776847B1 (ko) * | 2024-05-30 | 2025-03-11 | 엠비디 주식회사 | 항암제 감수성 검사 자동화 시스템 및 방법 |
| WO2025249700A1 (ko) * | 2024-05-30 | 2025-12-04 | 엠비디 주식회사 | 오가노이드 세포 배양에 기초하는 항암제 감수성 검사 자동화 시스템 및 방법 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20200002655A (ko) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-08 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 비수술적 방법에 의한 인간유래 3차원 오거노이드의 제조 방법 |
| US20210087532A1 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2021-03-25 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Compositions and method for establishing organoid cultures from cryogenically preserved tissue |
| US20210214673A1 (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2021-07-15 | S2 Genomics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for processing tissue samples |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20210087532A1 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2021-03-25 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Compositions and method for establishing organoid cultures from cryogenically preserved tissue |
| US20210214673A1 (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2021-07-15 | S2 Genomics, Inc. | Method and apparatus for processing tissue samples |
| KR20200002655A (ko) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-08 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 비수술적 방법에 의한 인간유래 3차원 오거노이드의 제조 방법 |
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| ANDY HE: "Cryopreservation of Viable Human Tissues: Renewable Resource for Viable Tissue, Cell Lines, and Organoid Development", BIOPRESERVATION TODAY, MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC. PUBLISHERS, UNITED STATES, vol. 18, no. 3, 1 June 2020 (2020-06-01), United States , pages 222 - 227, XP093153897, ISSN: 1947-5535, DOI: 10.1089/bio.2019.0062 * |
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| MĂRIOARA SIMON: "Cryobiopsy in Lung Cancer Diagnosis—A Literature Review", MEDICINA, LITHUANIA, vol. 57, no. 4, 19 April 2021 (2021-04-19), Lithuania , pages 393, XP093153901, ISSN: 1648-9144, DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040393 * |
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| See also references of EP4596683A4 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP4596683A1 (en) | 2025-08-06 |
| KR20240043720A (ko) | 2024-04-03 |
| EP4596683A4 (en) | 2026-01-14 |
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