WO2024078008A1 - 一种电池盖板、电池、电池包及储能系统 - Google Patents

一种电池盖板、电池、电池包及储能系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024078008A1
WO2024078008A1 PCT/CN2023/102170 CN2023102170W WO2024078008A1 WO 2024078008 A1 WO2024078008 A1 WO 2024078008A1 CN 2023102170 W CN2023102170 W CN 2023102170W WO 2024078008 A1 WO2024078008 A1 WO 2024078008A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
explosion
insulating member
proof valve
hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/102170
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴伟煌
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP23876218.1A priority Critical patent/EP4576376A4/en
Publication of WO2024078008A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024078008A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H01M50/148—Lids or covers characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/15—Lids or covers characterised by their shape for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H01M50/174—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells
    • H01M50/176—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing adapted for the shape of the cells for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/564—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process
    • H01M50/566—Terminals characterised by their manufacturing process by welding, soldering or brazing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cover, a battery, a battery pack and an energy storage system.
  • batteries have been widely used in mobile phones, vehicles, drones and other equipment.
  • there may be adverse conditions such as excessive internal pressure. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of battery use and prevent adverse conditions such as explosions, batteries are usually equipped with explosion-proof valves with notches.
  • the notch of the explosion-proof valve will rupture, thereby achieving the purpose of pressure relief.
  • the explosion-proof valve usually opens at the end of the battery life or when an abnormal reaction occurs inside the battery. After the explosion-proof valve is opened, if the battery is not maintained in time, the electrolyte inside the battery and the negative electrode of the battery cell will react with the water in the external environment, and the positive electrode of the battery cell will be oxidized. During this process, the battery will continue to generate heat, resulting in certain safety hazards after the explosion-proof valve is opened.
  • there is no mature solution for monitoring the opening status of the explosion-proof valve in the prior art resulting in the safety problem of the battery after the explosion-proof valve is opened not being effectively solved.
  • the present application provides a battery cover, a battery, a battery pack and an energy storage system to monitor the opening state of a battery explosion-proof valve and improve the safety of battery use.
  • the present application provides a battery cover, which may include a cover body, a first electrode assembly and an explosion-proof valve.
  • the cover body has a first side, and a first through hole is provided on the cover body;
  • the first electrode assembly may include a first insulating member and a first conductive sheet, wherein the first insulating member is provided on the first side of the cover body and covers the first through hole, and a first side wall of the first insulating member is provided with a slot, which can penetrate the first insulating member along the thickness direction of the first insulating member, and the slot is connected to the first through hole;
  • the first conductive sheet is provided on the side of the first insulating member away from the cover body, and the first conductive sheet covers at least part of the area of the slot.
  • the explosion-proof valve is provided on a side surface of the cover body and covers the first through hole, and a notch is provided on the explosion-proof valve, which can define a fixed part and a reversible part on the explosion-proof valve, and the peripheral side of the reversible part has a connection side connected to the fixed part, and the remaining positions of the peripheral side of the reversible part except the above-mentioned connection side are separated from the fixed part by the notch.
  • the flip portion can flip along the notch into the groove when subjected to force, and contact the first conductive sheet after flipping, thereby electrically connecting the cover body to the first conductive sheet, that is, electrically connecting the cover body to the first electrode assembly, so that the cover body can be changed from an uncharged state to a charged state. Therefore, by detecting the charged state of the cover body through a corresponding detection method, the opening state of the explosion-proof valve can be monitored, which helps to improve the safety of battery use.
  • connection side of the flippable portion may be disposed away from the first side wall of the first insulating member to shorten the exhaust path of the gas inside the battery, thereby increasing the exhaust rate.
  • a surface of the reversible portion facing the first side of the cover body may be provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion may be located in a region of the reversible portion away from the connection side to reduce the difficulty of contact with the first conductive sheet.
  • the end surface of the protrusion may be an arc-shaped surface, thereby improving the contact reliability between the protrusion and the first conductive sheet.
  • the protrusion may include a first portion and a second portion, wherein the second portion may be located on a side of the first portion away from the flip portion, the first portion may be a columnar structure, and the end surface of the second portion away from the first portion may be an arc surface.
  • This design may ensure that the protrusion has a certain height, thereby further improving the reliability of its contact with the first conductive sheet.
  • the second portion may be a hemispherical structure, which can reduce the difficulty of processing the protrusion.
  • the first through hole can be a tapered hole, with the diameter of the first through hole gradually decreasing along the direction from the first side of the cover body to the second side thereof.
  • the flippable portion can form a guide channel with the inner wall of the first through hole after flipping, and the guide effect of the guide channel can help improve the discharge efficiency of the gas inside the battery.
  • the extension length of the notch may be greater than or equal to 0.6C and less than or equal to 0.8C. This can ensure that there is a certain width between the notch and the edge of the explosion-proof valve, thereby improving the reliability of the connection between the edge of the explosion-proof valve and the cover body, while also ensuring the area of the flippable portion, thereby increasing the exhaust rate after the flippable portion is flipped.
  • the thickness of the explosion-proof valve at the position corresponding to the notch may be greater than or equal to 50um and less than or equal to 300um to ensure the machinability of the explosion-proof valve and reduce the impact of residual thickness fluctuations during processing on the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve.
  • the explosion-proof valve includes but is not limited to circular, semicircular, racetrack-shaped or rectangular shapes.
  • the cover plate body may be provided with a first mounting hole
  • the first insulating member may be provided with a first avoidance hole at a position corresponding to the first mounting hole.
  • the first electrode assembly may further include a first pole, which is further insulated and disposed in the first mounting hole, and the first pole may pass through the first avoidance hole to be electrically connected to the first conductive sheet.
  • the first electrode assembly may further include a first sealing ring, which is squeezed between the outer wall of the first pole and the inner wall of the first mounting hole, thereby insulating the first pole from the cover body, and can also achieve sealing at the first mounting hole, thereby reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage inside the battery.
  • a first sealing ring which is squeezed between the outer wall of the first pole and the inner wall of the first mounting hole, thereby insulating the first pole from the cover body, and can also achieve sealing at the first mounting hole, thereby reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage inside the battery.
  • the present application also provides a battery, which may include a battery shell, a battery cell, a voltage detection circuit, and a battery cover in any possible embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the battery shell is fixedly connected to the battery cover to form a sealed cavity, the first side of the cover body is arranged toward the outside of the sealed cavity, and the battery cell is arranged in the sealed cavity.
  • the battery cover may also include a second electrode assembly, the second electrode assembly may include a second insulating member and a second conductive sheet, the second insulating member is arranged on the first side of the cover body, and the second conductive sheet is arranged on the side of the second insulating member away from the cover body.
  • the voltage detection circuit can be used to detect the voltage between the second conductive sheet and the cover body, and the charged state of the cover body changes before and after the flipping part is flipped, so the voltage between the second conductive sheet and the cover body also changes accordingly, so the voltage detection circuit detects the voltage between the second conductive sheet and the cover body to monitor the opening state of the explosion-proof valve, thereby helping to improve the safety of the battery.
  • the first electrode assembly may be a negative electrode assembly of a battery
  • the second electrode assembly may be a negative electrode assembly of a battery
  • the present application further provides a battery pack, which may include a battery management system and the battery in the aforementioned second aspect, and the battery management system may be used to determine that the explosion-proof valve is open when the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit jumps to a first voltage. After the explosion-proof valve is opened, the cover body is electrically connected to the first electrode assembly, so the potentials of the two are the same, and the first voltage between the battery cover and the second conductive sheet is the voltage between the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly.
  • a battery pack which may include a battery management system and the battery in the aforementioned second aspect, and the battery management system may be used to determine that the explosion-proof valve is open when the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit jumps to a first voltage. After the explosion-proof valve is opened, the cover body is electrically connected to the first electrode assembly, so the potentials of the two are the same, and the first voltage between the battery cover and the second conductive sheet is the voltage between the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly.
  • the present application also provides an energy storage system, which includes a power converter and the battery pack in the third aspect above.
  • the power converter can be used to convert power into current input to the battery pack or current output from the battery pack, or the power converter can also be used to convert power into voltage input to the battery pack or voltage output from the battery pack.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a possible battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery cover shown in FIG2 ;
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an explosion-proof valve provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of several possible explosion-proof valves provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a battery cover provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the battery cover shown in FIG. 6 after the explosion-proof valve is opened.
  • Energy storage systems are devices that can store electrical energy through a certain medium and release the stored energy to generate electricity when needed. They can be used as load balancing devices and backup power sources in electronic devices such as servers and supercomputers, or in electric vehicles. According to the different requirements for power consumption in their application scenarios, energy storage systems can be specifically divided into cabinet-level energy storage systems and container-level energy storage systems.
  • Energy storage systems generally include battery packs and power converters, wherein the battery pack is the main device for storing electrical energy in the energy storage system, and the power converter can be used to convert the current input to the battery pack or the current output from the battery pack, or it can also be used to convert the voltage input to the battery pack or the voltage output from the battery pack, so that the energy storage system matches the power of the external power supply device or the power-consuming device.
  • the battery pack is the main device for storing electrical energy in the energy storage system
  • the power converter can be used to convert the current input to the battery pack or the current output from the battery pack, or it can also be used to convert the voltage input to the battery pack or the voltage output from the battery pack, so that the energy storage system matches the power of the external power supply device or the power-consuming device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery pack may include one or more battery modules, and FIG. 1 exemplarily shows a case where the battery pack includes two battery modules.
  • a plurality of battery modules are arranged in series, and the battery modules at both ends may be respectively connected to the load, thereby forming a discharge circuit for discharging the load.
  • the battery modules at both ends may also be respectively connected to a charging power source, thereby forming a charging circuit for charging each battery module.
  • Each battery module may include one or more batteries.
  • FIG1 exemplarily shows a case where each battery module includes two battery cells. According to the energy storage requirements of the energy storage system, multiple batteries in the battery module may be connected in series or in parallel. FIG1 shows a case where multiple batteries are connected in series.
  • the battery module may also generally include a bus bar, and multiple batteries may be connected in series or in parallel via the bus bar.
  • the battery pack may also generally include a battery management system (BMS).
  • BMS battery management system
  • the BMS can monitor the status of the battery in real time, and then can know the status of the battery module, so as to cut off the charge and discharge circuit in time when the battery module or battery fails.
  • a switch device may be provided in the charge and discharge circuit of the battery pack, and a release may be provided in the switch device.
  • the release in the switch device may be controlled to perform a tripping process, thereby disconnecting the connection between the battery module and the load or charging power supply, and achieving the purpose of cutting off the charge and discharge circuit.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery package 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to a lithium-ion battery or a sodium-ion battery.
  • the battery 100 may include a battery cover 110, a battery shell 120 and a battery cell (not shown in the figure), and the battery cover 110 and the battery shell 120 may be fixedly connected to form a sealed cavity, and the battery cell is arranged in the sealed cavity.
  • the battery 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application may be but is not limited to batteries of regular shapes such as square batteries and round batteries, and may also be applied to some possible special-shaped batteries, which are not limited in the present application.
  • a square battery is used as an example for illustration in Figure 2.
  • the battery cover 110 may include a cover body 111 and a first electrode assembly 112 and a second electrode assembly 113 disposed on the cover body, wherein the first electrode assembly 112 and the second electrode assembly 113 may be a negative electrode assembly and a positive electrode assembly, respectively.
  • the first electrode assembly 112 may be electrically connected to the negative end of the battery cell
  • the second electrode assembly 113 may be electrically connected to the positive end of the battery cell.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the battery cover shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the cover body 111 may be made of a conductive metal material, such as, but not limited to, aluminum or copper.
  • the cover body 111 includes a first side and a second side opposite to each other, wherein the first side of the cover body 111 faces the outside of the battery 100, and the second side of the cover body 111 faces the inside of the battery 100.
  • the cover body 111 is provided with a first mounting hole 1111 and a second mounting hole 1112, and the first mounting hole 1111 and the second mounting hole 1112 may extend from the first side of the cover body 111 to the second side thereof, respectively, thereby penetrating the cover body 111.
  • the first electrode assembly 112 may include a first pole 1121 and a first conductive sheet 1122.
  • the first pole 1121 may be disposed in the first mounting hole 1111, the first end of the first pole 1121 is electrically connected to the negative end of the battery cell located inside the battery 100, and the second end extends from the first side of the cover body 111 and is electrically connected to the first conductive sheet 1122 located on the first side of the cover body 111.
  • the first pole 1121 and the first conductive sheet 1122 may be fixed and electrically connected by welding.
  • the first conductive sheet 1122 may be used for bus connection to realize the series or parallel connection of the battery 100 with other batteries 100 in the same battery module.
  • first pole 1121 and the negative terminal of the battery cell can also be fixed and electrically connected by welding.
  • first end of the first pole 1121 can be provided with a first connecting portion 1123, and the cross-sectional area of the first connecting portion 1123 is greater than the cross-sectional area of the first pole 1121 in the direction perpendicular to the extension of the first pole 1121 (i.e., the thickness direction of the cover body). area, so that when the first pole 1121 is electrically connected to the battery cell through the first connecting portion 1123, a larger welding surface can be achieved.
  • the first pole 1121 and the first conductive sheet 1122 are respectively insulated from the cover body 111.
  • the first electrode assembly 112 may further include a first sealing ring 1124, which is squeezed and arranged between the outer wall of the first pole 1121 and the inner wall of the first mounting hole 1111, which can, on the one hand, play a role in insulating the first pole 1121 from the cover body 111, and on the other hand, can also achieve sealing at the first mounting hole 1111, reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage through the first mounting hole 1111.
  • the first electrode assembly 112 also includes a first insulating member 1125, which is arranged between the first conductive sheet 1122 and the cover body 111, thereby insulating the first conductive sheet 1122 from the cover body 111.
  • a first avoidance hole 11251 may be provided on the first insulating member 1125 at a position corresponding to the first mounting hole 1111, so that the second end of the first pole 1121 can pass through the first avoidance hole 11251 to be electrically connected to the first conductive sheet 1122.
  • a first groove 11252 may be provided on a side of the first insulating member 1125 facing away from the cover body 111, and the first conductive sheet 1122 may be embedded in the first groove 11252 to improve the mounting reliability of the first conductive sheet 1122 on the first insulating member 1125.
  • the material of the first insulating member 1125 includes, but is not limited to, plastic, and the resistance of the first insulating member 1125 may be not less than 200m ⁇ @500V, that is, under the test condition of a voltage of 500V, the resistance of the first insulating member 1125 is 200m ⁇ or above.
  • the second electrode assembly 113 may include a second pole 1131 and a second conductive sheet 1132.
  • the second pole 1131 may be disposed in the second mounting hole 1112, the first end of the second pole 1131 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell located inside the battery 100, and the second end extends from the first side of the cover body 111 and is electrically connected to the second conductive sheet 1132 located on the first side of the cover body 111.
  • the second pole 1131 and the second conductive sheet 1132 may be fixed and electrically connected by welding.
  • the second conductive sheet 1132 may be used for bus connection to realize the series or parallel connection of the battery 100 with other batteries in the same battery module.
  • the second pole 1131 and the positive terminal of the battery cell can also be fixed and electrically connected by welding.
  • the first end of the second pole 1131 can be provided with a second connecting portion 1133, and the cross-sectional area of the second connecting portion 1133 is greater than the cross-sectional area of the second pole 1131 in a direction perpendicular to the extension of the second pole 1131 (i.e., the thickness direction of the cover body), so that the second pole 1131 can achieve a larger welding surface when being electrically connected to the battery cell through the second connecting portion 1133.
  • the second pole 1131 and the second conductive sheet 1132 are also insulated from the cover body 111.
  • the second electrode assembly 113 may further include a second sealing ring 1134, which is squeezed and arranged between the outer wall of the second pole 1131 and the inner wall of the second mounting hole 1112, so that the second pole 1131 can be insulated from the cover body 111, and the sealing at the second mounting hole 1112 can be achieved, thereby reducing the risk of electrolyte leakage through the second mounting hole 1112.
  • the second electrode assembly 113 may further include a second insulating member 1135, which is arranged between the second conductive sheet 1132 and the cover body 111, so as to insulate the second conductive sheet 1132 from the cover body 111.
  • a second avoidance hole 11351 may be provided on the second insulating member 1135 at a position corresponding to the second mounting hole 1112, so that the second end of the second pole 1131 can pass through the second avoidance hole 11351 to be electrically connected to the second conductive sheet 1132.
  • a second groove 11352 may also be provided on the side of the second insulating member 1135 facing away from the cover body 111, and the second conductive sheet 1132 may be embedded in the second groove 11352 to improve the mounting reliability of the second conductive sheet 1132 on the second insulating member 1135.
  • the material of the second insulating member 1135 includes, but is not limited to, plastic, and the resistance of the second insulating member 1135 may be not less than 200m ⁇ @500V.
  • the battery cover 110 may further include a third insulating member 1136, which is substantially the same shape as the cover body 111 and is fitted to the second side of the cover body 111.
  • the third insulating member 1136 may be provided with a third avoidance hole 11361 at a position corresponding to the first mounting hole 1111, and a fourth avoidance hole 11362 may be provided at a position corresponding to the second mounting hole 1112.
  • the first connecting portion 1123 is located on a side of the third insulating member 1136 away from the cover body 111, so that the first connecting portion 1123 is insulated from the cover body 111 by the third insulating member 1136.
  • the first pole 1121 may pass through the third avoidance hole 11361, the first mounting hole 1111 and the first avoidance hole 11251 in sequence to connect with the first conductive sheet 1122.
  • the second connection portion 1133 is located on the side of the third insulating member 1136 away from the cover body 111, so that the second connection portion 1133 is insulated from the cover body 111 by the third insulating member 1136.
  • the second pole 1131 can pass through the fourth avoidance hole 11362, the second mounting hole 1112 and the second avoidance hole 11351 in sequence to connect with the second conductive sheet 1132.
  • the material of the third insulating member 1136 includes but is not limited to plastic, and the resistance of the third insulating member 1136 can be no less than 200m ⁇ @500V.
  • the positive and negative terminals of the battery cell and the electrolyte will continuously react with each other to generate gas.
  • the interior of the battery 100 is a sealed cavity formed by the battery shell 120 and the battery cover 110. Therefore, as the gas continues to accumulate, the pressure inside the battery 100 will continue to increase.
  • an explosion-proof valve can also be provided on the battery cover 110.
  • the explosion-proof valve When the battery 100 fails and the pressure inside it is greater than the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve, the explosion-proof valve will open, thereby discharging the gas inside the battery 100 to reduce the temperature of the battery 100 and achieve the purpose of pressure relief, thereby preventing the battery 100 from further explosions and other more serious safety problems.
  • the cover body 111 may also be provided with a The first through hole 1113 connecting the inside of the battery 100 with the outside, the explosion-proof valve 114 can be welded and fixed to the side surface of the cover body 111 to block the first through hole 1113.
  • the explosion-proof valve 114 can be arranged on the first side of the cover body 111, or it can also be arranged on the second side of the cover body 111. The present application does not limit this, as long as the blocking of the first through hole 1113 can be achieved.
  • the following embodiments are described by taking the explosion-proof valve 114 arranged on the second side of the cover body 111 as an example.
  • the third insulating member 1136 can be provided with a fifth avoidance hole 11363 at the position corresponding to the first through hole 1113, so that the pressure inside the battery 100 can directly act on the explosion-proof valve 114 through the fifth avoidance hole 11363.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an explosion-proof valve 114 provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • a notch 1141 is provided on the surface of the explosion-proof valve 114. Since the thickness at the notch 1141 is less than the thickness at other positions of the explosion-proof valve 114, the structural strength at the notch 1141 is also less than the structural strength at other positions. In other words, the position where the notch 1141 is located is the weak point of the explosion-proof valve 114. Under the action of the internal pressure of the battery, when the explosion-proof valve 114 ruptures along the notch 1141, it is considered that the explosion-proof valve 114 is open.
  • the notch 1141 can be provided on the side surface of the explosion-proof valve 114 facing the inside of the battery, and can also be provided on the side surface of the explosion-proof valve 114 facing away from the inside of the battery, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the notch 1141 can be formed by a stamping process.
  • the thickness of the explosion-proof valve 114 at the position corresponding to the notch i.e., the residual thickness
  • the thickness of the explosion-proof valve 114 at the position corresponding to the notch may be greater than or equal to 50um and less than or equal to 300um, so as to ensure the machinability of the explosion-proof valve 114 and reduce the influence of the fluctuation of the residual thickness during machining on the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve 114.
  • the thickness of the explosion-proof valve 114 at the position corresponding to the notch 1141 may be 50um, 100um, 200um, 300um, and so on.
  • the projection of the notch 1141 on the surface of the cover body 111 can be located within the area defined by the first through hole 1113.
  • the notch 1141 can define a fixed portion 1143 and a reversible portion 1142 on the explosion-proof valve 114, wherein the peripheral side of the reversible portion 1142 has a connecting side connected to the fixed portion 1143, and the peripheral side of the reversible portion 1142 except the connecting side can be separated from the fixed portion 1143 by the notch.
  • the explosion-proof valve 114 is opened, the notch 1141 is broken, so that the reversible portion 1142 is flipped along the notch to open the first through hole 1113.
  • the axis around which the flippable portion 1142 flips is the extension line of its connection side.
  • the connection side of the flippable portion 1142 and the fixed portion 1143 continue to remain connected. Therefore, the flippable portion 1142 will not fall off the explosion-proof valve 114 after the explosion-proof valve 114 is opened.
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of several possible explosion-proof valves 114 provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the shape of the explosion-proof valve 114 can be a circle, a runway, a semicircle, a rectangle, etc. as shown in FIG5, or can also be some other regular or irregular shapes, and the present application does not make specific restrictions on this.
  • the material of the explosion-proof valve 114 can be selected from metals with a certain degree of deformation ability, such as aluminum, copper, etc.
  • the shape of the reversible portion 1142 can be designed according to the shape of the explosion-proof valve 114.
  • the shape of the reversible portion 1142 can also be approximately circular, track-shaped, semicircular, rectangular, etc., which is conducive to increasing the extension length of the notch 1141, that is, increasing the area of the reversible portion 1142, so that the battery can be quickly depressurized after the reversible portion 1142 is flipped.
  • the reversible portion 1142 can also be designed as some other regular or irregular open annular shapes, and the present application does not limit this.
  • the extension length of the notch 1141 can be greater than or equal to 0.6C, and less than or equal to 0.8C, such as the extension length of the notch 1141 can be 0.6C, 0.7C or 0.8C, and so on.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the battery cover 110 provided in the embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the battery cover 110 shown in FIG. 6 after the explosion-proof valve 114 is opened.
  • the projection of the outer contour of the first insulating member 1125 on the surface of the cover body 111 can cover the first through hole 1113, or it can be understood that the projection area of the line constituting the outer edge of the first insulating member 1125 on the surface of the cover body 111 covers the first through hole 1113.
  • the first side wall 11253 of the first insulating member 1125 can be provided with a groove 11254, which penetrates the first insulating member 1125 along the thickness direction of the first insulating member 1125, and the groove 11254 can be connected with the first through hole 1113, so as to expose the explosion-proof valve 114.
  • the first conductive sheet 1122 may partially or completely cover the slot 11254.
  • the reversible portion 1142 of the explosion-proof valve 114 is reversed toward the first side of the cover body 111 under the action of pressure, so that the reversible portion 1142 extends into the slot 11254 and contacts the first conductive sheet 1122 located above the first insulating member 1125.
  • an exhaust port having the same shape as the reversible portion 1142 is formed on the explosion-proof valve 114.
  • the gas inside the battery can be discharged to the outside of the battery through the first through hole 1113, the exhaust port of the explosion-proof valve 114, and the slot 11254 in sequence, thereby achieving the purpose of pressure relief and reducing more serious safety issues such as further explosion of the battery. It is easy to understand that when the first conductive sheet 1122 does not completely cover the slot 11254, part of the gas can also be discharged through the uncovered area of the slot 11254, thereby helping to increase the exhaust rate and reduce the time used for pressure relief.
  • the first through hole 1113 may be a tapered hole, and the diameter of the first through hole 1113 gradually decreases along the direction from the first side of the cover body 111 to the second side thereof.
  • One side surface of the cell interior is inclined relative to the surface of the cover body 111.
  • a guide channel can be formed between the inner wall of the first through hole 1113 and the side surface of the flip portion 1142 facing the interior of the battery. The guide channel can be used to guide the gas during the exhaust process, which can effectively increase the exhaust rate.
  • connection side of the flippable portion 1142 may be arranged away from the first side wall 11253 of the first insulating member 1125.
  • the end of the guide channel formed by the flippable portion 1142 and the first through hole 1113 faces the first side wall 11253. This arrangement can shorten the gas exhaust path, thereby helping to further increase the gas exhaust rate.
  • the flippable portion 1142 of the explosion-proof valve 114 flips, there is no electrical connection between the explosion-proof valve 114 and the first electrode assembly 112 and the second electrode assembly 113.
  • the flippable portion 1142 contacts the first conductive sheet 1122 above to achieve electrical connection. Since the opening side of the flippable portion 1142 continues to be connected to the fixed portion 1143 of the explosion-proof valve 114, and the fixed portion 1143 of the explosion-proof valve 114 is also connected to the cover body 111, an electrical connection is established between the first conductive sheet 1122 and the cover body 111, and the electrical connection between the first electrode assembly 112 and the cover body 111 is achieved.
  • a protrusion 1144 may be provided on the surface of the reversible portion 1142 facing the first side of the cover body 111, and the protrusion 1144 is located on the side of the reversible portion 1142 away from the opening side. Since the side of the reversible portion 1142 away from the opening side will be closer to the first conductive sheet 1122 after being turned over, the protrusion 1144 is provided on this side so that it can be more easily contacted with the first conductive sheet 1122, thereby achieving electrical connection with the first conductive sheet 1122.
  • the surface of the protrusion 1144 on one side away from the reversible portion 1142 may be an arc-shaped surface, so that the contact reliability between the protrusion 1144 and the first conductive sheet 1122 can be ensured.
  • the protrusion 1144 may include a first portion 11441 and a second portion 11442. The first portion 11441 is disposed on the surface of the reversible portion 1142, and the second portion 11442 is disposed on the side of the first portion 11441 away from the reversible portion 1142.
  • the first portion 11441 may be a columnar structure, such as a cylinder, and the second portion 11442 may be a hemispherical structure.
  • the height of the first portion 11441 may be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm; the radius of the second portion 11442 may be greater than or equal to 0.1 mm and less than or equal to 10 mm.
  • the height of the first portion 11441 can be 0.1 mm, 1 mm, 7 mm, 10 mm, etc.; the radius of the second portion 11442 can be 0.1 mm, 2 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, etc.
  • the present embodiment can determine whether the explosion-proof valve is open by detecting the voltage between the second electrode assembly 113 and the cover body 111.
  • the battery may further include a voltage detection circuit 130, which is connected to the second conductive sheet 1132 of the second electrode assembly 113 and the cover body 111 through wires, respectively, to form a detection loop to detect in real time the voltage between the second conductive sheet 1132 and the cover body 111.
  • the material of the wire in the detection loop includes, but is not limited to, one or more of metals such as gold, silver, copper, iron, zinc, tin, aluminum, magnesium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, platinum, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium, ruthenium, zirconium, molybdenum, vanadium, titanium and scandium.
  • the BMS can be specifically used to determine that the flippable portion 1142 of the explosion-proof valve 114 is flipped when the detection voltage of the voltage detection circuit jumps to the first voltage, that is, to determine that the explosion-proof valve 114 is open.
  • the first voltage here is the voltage between the second electrode assembly 113 and the first electrode assembly 112.
  • the battery pack may also include an alarm.
  • the BMS is connected to the alarm and can be used to control the alarm to issue an early warning after determining that the explosion-proof valve 114 is open.
  • the BMS can be used to cut off the internal circuit of the battery cell according to the early warning issued by the alarm.
  • the BMS can also control the release in the switch device to perform a tripping process according to the early warning issued by the alarm, and cut off the charge and discharge circuit of the battery pack for offline maintenance.

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  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种电池盖板、电池、电池包及储能系统，以实现对电池防爆阀的开启状态的监控。电池盖板包括盖板本体、第一电极组件以及防爆阀，盖板本体设置有第一通孔；第一电极组件包括第一绝缘件和第一导电片，第一绝缘件设置于盖板本体的第一侧并覆盖第一通孔，第一绝缘件设置有第二通孔和开槽，第二通孔与第一通孔位置相对，开槽的一端与第一通孔连通，另一端延伸至第一绝缘件的侧壁并与外部连通；第一导电片设置于第一绝缘件背离盖板本体的一侧；防爆阀设置于盖板本体的一侧表面并覆盖第一通孔，防爆阀上设置有刻痕，刻痕在防爆阀上界定出呈开口环形的翻转部，翻转部用于在受力时沿刻痕翻转，并在翻转后与第一导电片接触。

Description

一种电池盖板、电池、电池包及储能系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2022年10月09日提交中国专利局、申请号为202222714190.6、申请名称为“一种电池盖板、电池、电池包及储能系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，尤其涉及到一种电池盖板、电池、电池包及储能系统。
背景技术
随着新能源技术的不断发展，电池已经广泛的应用在手机、车辆、无人机等设备中。电池在使用的过程中，可能会出现内部压力过大等不良情况，因此，为了保证电池的使用安全性，防止出现爆炸等不良情况，电池通常会安装防爆阀，防爆阀上设置有刻痕，当电池内部的压力大于防爆阀的开启压力后，防爆阀的刻痕就会破裂，从而达到泄压的目的。
防爆阀开启通常发生在电池寿命末期或电池内部产生异常反应时，防爆阀开启后，如若不及时对电池进行维护，电池内部的电解液及电芯的负极会与外界环境中的水发生反应，电芯的正极则会被氧化，此过程中电池会持续产热，导致电池在防爆阀开启之后仍会存在一定的安全隐患。然而，现有技术中尚无成熟的对防爆阀的开启状态进行监测的方案，导致电池在防爆阀开启后的安全问题一直未能有效解决。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电池盖板、电池、电池包及储能系统，以实现对电池防爆阀的开启状态的监控，提高电池的使用安全性。
第一方面，本申请提供了一种电池盖板，该电池盖板可包括盖板本体、第一电极组件以及防爆阀。盖板本体具有第一侧，且盖板本体上设置有第一通孔；第一电极组件可包括第一绝缘件和第一导电片，其中，第一绝缘件设置于盖板本体的第一侧并覆盖第一通孔，第一绝缘件的第一侧壁设置有开槽，该开槽可沿第一绝缘件的厚度方向贯穿第一绝缘件，且该开槽与第一通孔贯通；第一导电片设置于第一绝缘件背离盖板本体的一侧，且第一导电片覆盖开槽的至少部分区域设置。防爆阀设置于盖板本体的一侧表面并覆盖第一通孔，防爆阀上设置有刻痕，该刻痕在防爆阀上可界定出固定部和可翻转部，可翻转部的周侧具有与固定部相接的连接侧，可翻转部的周侧除上述连接侧外的其余位置通过刻痕与固定部分隔。采用这种设计，可翻转部可在受力时沿刻痕向开槽内翻转，并在翻转后与第一导电片接触，从而将盖板本体与第一导电片电连接，也即将盖板本体与第一电极组件之间进行了电连接，这样盖板本体可由不带电状态变为带电状态，因此通过相应的检测方法检测盖板本体的带电状态，即可以实现对防爆阀的开启状态的监控，从而有助于提高电池的使用安全性。
在一些可能的实施方案中，可翻转部的连接侧可远离第一绝缘件的第一侧壁设置，以缩短电池内部气体的排出路径，从而提高排气速率。
在一些可能的实施方案中，可翻转部朝向盖板本体的第一侧的表面可设置有凸起，该凸起可位于可翻转部上远离连接侧的区域，以降低与第一导电片的接触难度。
另外，上述凸起的端面可以为弧形表面，从而提高凸起与第一导电片的接触可靠性。
在一些可能的实施方案中，凸起可以包括第一部分和第二部分，其中，第二部分可位于第一部分远离翻转部的一侧，第一部分可以为柱状结构，第二部分远离第一部分的端面为弧形表面。这种设计可以保证凸起具有一定的高度，从而进一步提高其与第一导电片的接触可靠性。
示例性地，第二部分可以为半球结构，这样可以降低凸起的加工难度。
在一些可能的实施方案中，第一通孔可以为锥形孔，沿盖板本体的第一侧指向其第二侧的方向，第一通孔的直径逐渐变小，采用这种设计，可翻转部在翻转后可与第一通孔的内壁之间形成一导流通道，通过该导流通道的导流作用，有助于提高电池内部气体的排出效率。
在一些可能的实施方案中，当防爆阀的外轮廓的周长为C时，刻痕的延伸长度可大于或等于0.6C，且小于或等于0.8C，这样既可以使刻痕与防爆阀的边缘之间具有一定的宽度，提高防爆阀的边缘与盖板本体的连接牢靠性，同时也保证了可翻转部的面积，进而提高可翻转部翻转后的排气速率。
在一些可能的实施方案中，防爆阀上对应刻痕的位置的厚度可以大于或等于50um，且小于或等于300um，以保证防爆阀的可加工性，并减小加工时残余厚度的波动对防爆阀开启压力的影响。
在一些可能的实施方案中，防爆阀包括但不限于为圆形、半圆形、跑道形或者矩形等。
在一些可能的实施方案中，盖板本体可设置有第一安装孔，第一绝缘件对应该第一安装孔的位置可设置有第一避让孔。这时，第一电极组件还可以包括第一极柱，第一极柱进而绝缘设置于第一安装孔内，且第一极柱可穿过第一避让孔与第一导电片电连接。
在具体的实现中，第一电极组件还可以包括第一密封圈，第一密封圈被挤压设置于第一极柱的外壁与第一安装孔的内壁之间，从而将第一极柱与盖板本体进行绝缘，另外还可以实现第一安装孔处的密封，从而减小电池内部的电解液泄露的风险。
第二方面，本申请还提供了一种电池，该电池可以包括电池壳、电芯、电压检测电路以及前述第一方面中任一可能的实施方案中的电池盖板，电池壳与电池盖板固定连接并形成密封腔体，盖板本体的第一侧朝向密封腔体的外部设置，电芯则设置于密封腔体内。电池盖板还可以包括第二电极组件，第二电极组件可包括第二绝缘件和第二导电片，第二绝缘件设置于盖板本体的第一侧，第二导电片设置于第二绝缘件背离盖板本体的一侧。电压检测电路可用于检测第二导电片与盖板本体之间电压，盖板本体在可翻转部翻转前后的带电状态发生了变化，因此第二导电片与盖板本体之间的电压也相应发生的变化，因此通过电压检测电路检测第二导电片与盖板本体之间的电压即可实现对防爆阀的开启状态的监控，从而有助于提高电池的使用安全性。
示例性地，第一电极组件可以为电池的负极组件，第二电极组件可以为电池的负极组件。
第三方面，本申请还提供了一种电池包，该电池包可以包括电池管理系统以及前述第二方面中的电池，电池管理系统可用于在电压检测电路的检测电压跳变为第一电压时，确定防爆阀开启。防爆阀开启后，盖板本体与第一电极组件电连接，因此两者的电位相同，电池盖板与第二导电片之间的第一电压即为第一电极组件与第二电极组件之间的电压。
第四方面，本申请还提供了一种储能系统，该储能系统包括功率转换器以及前述第三方面中的电池包，功率转换器可用于对输入给电池包的电流或者从电池包输出的电流进行功率转换，或者，功率转换器也可用于对输入给电池包的电压或者从电池包输出的电压进行功率转换。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种可能的电池包的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种电池的结构示意图；
图3为图2中所示的电池盖板的爆炸结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种防爆阀的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的几种可能的防爆阀的平面结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的电池盖板的截面结构示意图；
图7为图6中所示的电池盖板中防爆阀开启后的截面结构示意图。
附图标记：
100-电池；110-电池盖板；111-盖板本体；1111-第一安装孔；1112-第二安装孔；
1113-第一通孔；112-第一电极组件；1121-第一极柱；1122-第一导电片；
1123-第一连接部；1124-第一密封圈；1125-第一绝缘件；11251-第一避让孔；
11252-第一凹槽；11253-第一侧壁；11254-开槽；113-第二电极组件；1131-第二极柱；
1132-第二导电片；1133-第二连接部；1134-第二密封圈；1135-第二绝缘件；
11351-第二避让孔；11352-第二凹槽；1136-第三绝缘件；11361-第三避让孔；
11362-第四避让孔；11363-第五避让孔；114-防爆阀；1141-刻痕；1142-可翻转部；
1143-固定部；1144-凸起；11441-第一部分；11442-第二部分；
120-电池壳；130-电压检测电路。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。然而，示例实施方式能够以多种形式实施，且不应被理解为限于在此阐述的实施方式。在图中相同的附 图标记表示相同或类似的结构，因而将省略对它们的重复描述。本申请实施例中所描述的表达位置与方向的词，均是以附图为例进行的说明，但根据需要也可以做出改变，所做改变均包含在本申请保护范围内。本申请实施例的附图仅用于示意相对位置关系不代表真实比例。
需要说明的是，在以下描述中阐述了具体细节以便于理解本申请。但是本申请能够以多种不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本申请内涵的情况下做类似推广。因此本申请不受下面公开的具体实施方式的限制。
储能系统可通过一定介质存储电能，并在需要时将所存能量释放发电的设备，其可作为负荷平衡装置和备用电源应用于服务器、超级计算机等电子设备中，或者应用于电动汽车中。根据其应用场景对用电量的要求的不同，储能系统可具体分为机柜级储能系统以及集装箱级储能系统。储能系统一般可包括电池包以及功率转换器，其中，电池包为储能系统中存储电能的主体设备，功率转换器可用于对输入给电池包的电流或者从电池包输出的电流进行功率转换，或者也可用于对输入给电池包的电压或者从电池包输出的电压进行功率转换，以使储能系统与外部供电设备或用电设备的功率相匹配。
参考图1所示，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电池包的结构示意图。电池包可包括一个或多个电池模组，图1中示例性地示出了电池包包括两个电池模组的情况。在具体的实现中，多个电池模组之间串联设置，位于两端的电池模组可分别与负载连接，从而形成对负载放电的放电回路。或者，位于两端的电池模组也可分别与充电电源连接，从而形成对各个电池模组充电的充电回路。
其中，每个电池模组中又可包括一个或多个电池，图1中示例性地示出了每个电池模组包括两个电池单体的情况。根据储能系统的储能需求，电池模组中的多个电池之间可以采用串联的方式进行连接，或者也可以采用并联的方式进行连接，图1中示出了多个电池之间串联连接的情况。另外，电池模组通常还可以包括汇流排，多个电池之间可以通过汇流排实现串联或并联。
另外，为了实现对电池包的智能化管理以及维护，保障电池包的安全运行，电池包通常还可以包括电池管理系统(battery management system，BMS)，BMS可实时监控电池的状态，进而可获知电池模组的状态，以在电池模组或电池出现故障时及时切断充放电回路。在一种实现中，电池包的充放电回路中可设置有开关装置，该开关装置内可设置有脱扣器，当BMS监测到电池模组或电池出现故障时，可控制开关装置中的脱扣器进行脱扣处理，从而断开电池模组与负载或充电电源之间的连接，达到切断充放电回路的目的。
参考图2所示，图2为本申请实施例提供的一种电池100的结构示意图。本申请实施例所提供的电池包100括但不限于为锂离子电池或者钠离子电池。该电池100可以包括电池盖板110、电池壳120以及电芯(图中未示出)，电池盖板110与电池壳120可固定连接并形成密封腔体，电芯即设置于该密封腔体内。值得一提的是，本申请实施例提供的电池100可以但不限于为方形电池、圆形电池等规则形状的电池，也可以应用于一些可能的异形电池，在本申请中不对其进行限定。图2中以方形电池为例进行说明。
在具体的实施例中，电池盖板110可包括盖板本体111以及设置于该盖板本体上的第一电极组件112和第二电极组件113，其中，第一电极组件112和第二电极组件113可分别为负极组件和正极组件，此时，第一电极组件112可与电芯的负极端电连接，第二电极组件113可与电芯的正极端电连接。
一并参考图2和图3所示，图3为图2中所示的电池盖板的爆炸结构示意图。在本实施例中，盖板本体111可以为具有导电性的金属材质，例如包括但不限于为铝或者铜。盖板本体111包括相对的第一侧和第二侧，其中，盖板本体111的第一侧朝向电池100的外部，盖板本体111的第二侧朝向电池100的内部。盖板本体111上设置有第一安装孔1111和第二安装孔1112，第一安装孔1111和第二安装孔1112分别可由盖板本体111的第一侧延伸至其第二侧，从而贯穿盖板本体111。
第一电极组件112可以包括第一极柱1121和第一导电片1122。其中，第一极柱1121可设置于第一安装孔1111内，第一极柱1121的第一端与位于电池100内部的电芯的负极端电连接，第二端由盖板本体111的第一侧伸出，并与位于盖板本体111的第一侧的第一导电片1122电连接。示例性地，第一极柱1121与第一导电片1122之间可通过焊接固定并实现电连接。第一导电片1122可用于汇流排连接，以实现该电池100与同个电池模组内其它电池100的串联或并联。
另外，第一极柱1121与电芯的负极端也可以通过焊接固定并实现电连接。并且，为了提高第一极柱1121与电芯的电连接可靠性，第一极柱1121的第一端可设置有第一连接部1123，在垂直于第一极柱1121的延伸方向(即盖板本体的厚度方向)，第一连接部1123的横截面积大于第一极柱1121的横截 面积，从而使得第一极柱1121在通过该第一连接部1123与电芯电连接时，能够实现较大的焊接面。
在本实施例中，第一极柱1121和第一导电片1122分别与盖板本体111绝缘设置。在一种实现中，第一电极组件112还可以包括第一密封圈1124，第一密封圈1124被挤压设置于第一极柱1121的外壁与第一安装孔1111的内壁之间，一方面可以起到将第一极柱1121与盖板本体111绝缘的作用，另一方面还可以实现第一安装孔1111处的密封，减小电解液通过第一安装孔1111泄露的风险。另外，第一电极组件112还包括第一绝缘件1125，第一绝缘件1125设置于第一导电片1122与盖板本体111之间，从而将第一导电片1122与盖板本体111绝缘。该第一绝缘件1125上对应第一安装孔1111的位置可设置有第一避让孔11251，以便于第一极柱1121的第二端可穿过第一避让孔11251与第一导电片1122电连接。另外，第一绝缘件1125背离盖板本体111的一面可设置有第一凹槽11252，第一导电片1122可嵌设于该第一凹槽11252内，以提高第一导电片1122在第一绝缘件1125上的安装牢靠性。示例性地，第一绝缘件1125的材质包括但不限于为塑胶，第一绝缘件1125的阻值可不小于200mΩ@500V，即在电压为500V的测试条件下，第一绝缘件1125的阻值在200mΩ或以上。
第二电极组件113可以包括第二极柱1131和第二导电片1132。其中，第二极柱1131可设置于第二安装孔1112内，第二极柱1131的第一端与位于电池100内部的电芯的正极端电连接，第二端由盖板本体111的第一侧伸出，并与位于盖板本体111的第一侧的第二导电片1132电连接。示例性地，第二极柱1131与第二导电片1132之间可以通过焊接固定并实现电连接。第二导电片1132可用于汇流排连接，以实现该电池100与同个电池模组内其它电池的串联或并联。
另外，第二极柱1131与电芯的正极端也可以通过焊接固定并实现电连接。为了提高第二极柱1131与电芯的电连接可靠性，第二极柱1131的第一端可设置有第二连接部1133，在垂直于第二极柱1131的延伸方向(即盖板本体的厚度方向)，第二连接部1133的横截面积大于第二极柱1131的横截面积，从而使得第二极柱1131在通过该第二连接部1133与电芯电连接时，能够实现较大的焊接面。
类似地，第二极柱1131和第二导电片1132也分别与盖板本体111绝缘设置。在具体的实现中，第二电极组件113还可以包括第二密封圈1134，第二密封圈1134被挤压设置于第二极柱1131的外壁与第二安装孔1112的内壁之间，从而既能够将第二极柱1131与盖板本体111绝缘，也能够实现第二安装孔1112处的密封，减小电解液通过第二安装孔1112泄露的风险。另外，第二电极组件113还可包括第二绝缘件1135，第二绝缘件1135设置于第二导电片1132与盖板本体111之间，从而将第二导电片1132与盖板本体111绝缘。该第二绝缘件1135上对应第二安装孔1112的位置可设置有第二避让孔11351，以便于第二极柱1131的第二端能够穿过第二避让孔11351与第二导电片1132电连接。另外，第二绝缘件1135背离盖板本体111的一面也可设置有第二凹槽11352，第二导电片1132可嵌设于该第二凹槽11352内，以提高第二导电片1132在第二绝缘件1135上的安装牢靠性。示例性地，第二绝缘件1135的材质包括但不限于为塑胶，第二绝缘件1135的阻值可不小于200mΩ@500V。
在一些实施例中，为了避免第一极柱1121和第二极柱1131在盖板本体111的第二侧与盖板本体111产生电连接，该电池盖板110还可以包括第三绝缘件1136，第三绝缘件1136与盖板本体111的形状大致相同，并贴合设置于盖板本体111的第二侧。第三绝缘件1136对应第一安装孔1111的位置可设置有第三避让孔11361，以及，对应第二安装孔1112的位置可设置有第四避让孔11362。第一连接部1123位于第三绝缘件1136背离盖板本体111的一侧，从而利用第三绝缘件1136将第一连接部1123与盖板本体111绝缘，这时，第一极柱1121可依次穿过第三避让孔11361、第一安装孔1111以及第一避让孔11251与第一导电片1122连接。类似地，第二连接部1133位于第三绝缘件1136背离盖板本体111的一侧，以利用第三绝缘件1136将第二连接部1133与盖板本体111绝缘，这时，第二极柱1131可依次穿过第四避让孔11362、第二安装孔1112以及第二避让孔11351与第二导电片1132连接。类似地，第三绝缘件1136的材质包括但不限于为塑胶，第三绝缘件1136的阻值可不小于200mΩ@500V。
在电池100的存储和使用过程中，由于电芯的正、负极端与电解液会不断的发生副反应而产生气体，如前所述，电池100内部是由电池壳120与电池盖板110所形成的密封腔体，因此随着气体的不断积累，电池100内部的压力会不断增大。为了防止电池100因内部压力过大而出现安全问题，在本申请实施例中，电池盖板110上还可以设置防爆阀，当电池100发生故障，导致其内部的压力大于防爆阀的开启压力时，防爆阀就会开启，从而将电池100内部的气体排出，以降低电池100温度，并实现泄压的目的，防止电池100进一步发生爆炸等更加严重的安全问题。
请继续参考图2和图3，在将防爆阀114安装于盖板本体111上时，盖板本体111还可设置有将电 池100内部与外部连通的第一通孔1113，防爆阀114可焊接固定于盖板本体111的一侧表面，以对该第一通孔1113进行封堵。示例性地，防爆阀114可以设置于盖板本体111的第一侧，或者也可以设置于盖板本体111的第二侧，本申请对此不做限制，只要能够实现对第一通孔1113的封堵即可。以下实施例以防爆阀114设置于盖板本体111的第二侧为例进行说明。可以理解的，当电池盖板110还包括第三绝缘件1136时，该第三绝缘件1136对应第一通孔1113的位置可设置有第五避让孔11363，以便于电池100内部的压力能够通过第五避让孔11363直接作用在防爆阀114上。
参考图4所示，图4为本申请实施例提供的一种防爆阀114的结构示意图。防爆阀114表面设置有刻痕1141，由于刻痕1141处的厚度小于防爆阀114其他位置的厚度，因此刻痕1141处的结构强度也会小于其他位置的结构强度，也就是说，刻痕1141所在的位置即是防爆阀114的薄弱点，在电池内部压力的作用下，当防爆阀114沿刻痕1141处破裂时即认为防爆阀114开启。其中，刻痕1141可设置于防爆阀114朝向电池内部的一侧表面，也可以设置于防爆阀114背向电池内部的一侧表面，本申请对此不做限制。在具体的实现中，刻痕1141可以通过冲压工艺形成。防爆阀114上对应刻痕的位置的厚度(即残余厚度)可以大于或等于50um，并且小于或等于300um，以保证防爆阀114的可加工性，并减小加工时残余厚度的波动对防爆阀114开启压力的影响。示例性地，防爆阀114上对应刻痕1141的位置的厚度可以为50um，100um，200um，300um，等等。
请一并参考图3和图4，在本申请实施例中，刻痕1141在盖板本体111表面的投影可位于第一通孔1113所限定的区域内，刻痕1141在防爆阀114上可界定出固定部1143和可翻转部1142，其中，可翻转部1142的周侧具有与固定部1143相接的连接侧，而可翻转部1142的周侧除连接侧以外的位置则可通过刻痕与固定部1143分隔，当防爆阀114开启时，刻痕1141发生破裂，使得可翻转部1142沿刻痕发生翻转，将第一通孔1113打开。可以理解的，可翻转部1142翻转时所绕的轴线即为其连接侧的延伸线，当可翻转部1142沿刻痕发生翻转时，可翻转部1142的连接侧与固定部1143会继续保持连接，因此防爆阀114开启后可翻转部1142并不会由防爆阀114上掉落。
图5为本申请实施例提供的几种可能的防爆阀114的平面结构示意图。在本申请实施例中，防爆阀114的形状可以为图5中所示的圆形、跑道形、半圆形、矩形等形状，或者也可以为其他一些规则或不规则的形状，本申请对此不做具体限制。另外，防爆阀114的材质可以选用具有一定变形能力的金属，例如铝、铜等。
在一些可能的实施例中，可翻转部1142的形状可以根据防爆阀114的形状进行设计，例如，当防爆阀114的形状圆形、跑道形、半圆形、矩形等形状时，可翻转部1142的形状也可以近似为圆形、跑道形、半圆形、矩形等，这样有利于增大刻痕1141的延伸长度，也即增大可翻转部1142的面积，从而使得在可翻转部1142在发生翻转后电池内部能够迅速泄压。当然，在另外一些实施例中，也可以将可翻转部1142设计为其它一些规则或不规则的开口环形形状，本申请对此并不限制。示例性地，当防爆阀114的外轮廓的周长为C时，刻痕1141的延伸长度可以大于或等于0.6C，且小于或等于0.8C之间，如刻痕1141的延伸长度可以为0.6C、0.7C或0.8C，等等。
一并参考图6和图7所示，图6为本申请实施例提供的电池盖板110的截面结构示意图，图7为图6中所示的电池盖板110中防爆阀114开启后的截面结构示意图。在本实施例中，第一绝缘件1125的外轮廓在盖板本体111表面的投影可覆盖第一通孔1113设置，或者可以理解为，构成第一绝缘件1125外缘的线条在盖板本体111表面的投影区域覆盖第一通孔1113。这时，第一绝缘件1125的第一侧壁11253可设置有开槽11254，该开槽11254沿第一绝缘件1125的厚度方向贯穿第一绝缘件1125，且开槽11254可与第一通孔1113贯通，以便于将防爆阀114暴露出来。
第一导电片1122可部分或全部覆盖开槽11254，当电池内部压力升高至大于防爆阀114的开启压力时，防爆阀114的可翻转部1142在压力的作用下朝向盖板本体111的第一侧翻转，使得可翻转部部分1142伸入开槽11254内，并与位于第一绝缘件1125上方的第一导电片1122接触，这时，防爆阀114上即形成一个与可翻转部1142形状一致的排气口，电池内部的气体可依次通过第一通孔1113、防爆阀114的排气口、开槽11254排向电池的外部，从而实现泄压的目的，减小电池进一步发生爆炸等更加严重的安全问题。容易理解的，当第一导电片1122未完全覆盖开槽11254时，部分气体还可以通过开槽11254未被覆盖的区域排出，从而有助于提高排气速率，减少泄压所用的时长。
继续参考图6，在本实施例中，第一通孔1113可以为锥形孔，且沿盖板本体111的第一侧指向其第二侧的方向，第一通孔1113的直径逐渐变小。可翻转部1142在发生翻转后，可翻转部1142朝向电 池内部的一侧表面相对盖板本体111的表面倾斜，这时，第一通孔1113的内壁与可翻转部1142朝向电池内部的一侧表面之间可形成一导流通道，利用该导流通道可在排气过程中对气体的导流作用，可以有效提高排气速率。
在一些可能的实施例中，可翻转部1142的连接侧可远离第一绝缘件1125的第一侧壁11253设置，这时，上述可翻转部1142与第一通孔1113所形成的导流通道的端部朝向第一侧壁11253，这种设置可以缩短气体的排出路径，从而有助于进一步提高气体的排出速率。
继续参考图6和图7，在防爆阀114的可翻转部1142发生翻转之前，防爆阀114与第一电极组件112和第二电极组件113之间均无电连接关系，在防爆阀114的可翻转部1142发生翻转之后，可翻转部1142与上方的第一导电片1122接触而实现电连接，由于可翻转部1142的开口侧与防爆阀114的固定部1143继续保持连接，且防爆阀114的固定部1143与盖板本体111之间也保持连接，这样就在第一导电片1122与盖板本体111之间建立起了电连接关系，也即实现了第一电极组件112与盖板本体111之间的电连接。
为了提高可翻转部1142在翻转后与第一导电片1122的电连接可靠性，示例性地，可翻转部1142朝向盖板本体111的第一侧的表面可以设置有凸起1144，该凸起1144位于可翻转部1142上远离开口侧的一侧。由于可翻转部1142发生翻转后，其远离开口侧的一侧会更加靠近第一导电片1122，因此将凸起1144设置于该侧可以更容易地与第一导电片1122接触，从而实现与第一导电片1122的电连接。
请一并参考图4和图7所示，在一些实施例中，凸起1144的远离可翻转部1142的一侧表面可以为弧形表面，这样可以保证凸起1144与第一导电片1122的接触可靠性。在一种具体的实现中，该凸起1144可以包括第一部分11441和第二部分11442，第一部分11441设置于可翻转部1142的表面，第二部分11442设置于第一部分11441远离可翻转部1142的一侧，第一部分11441可以为柱状结构，如圆柱体，第二部分11442可以为半球结构。其中，第一部分11441的高度可以大于或等于0.1mm，并且小于或等于10mm；第二部分11442的半径可以大于或等于0.1mm，并且小于或等于10mm。示例性地，第一部分11441的高度可以为0.1mm，1mm，7mm，10mm，等等；第二部分11442的半径可以为0.1mm，2mm，5mm，7mm，等等。
容易理解的，由于第二电极组件113与盖板本体111之间自始至终都处于绝缘状态，在防爆阀114的可翻转部1142未发生翻转时，盖板本体111不带电，此时第二电极组件113与盖板本体111之间的电压即为第二电极组件113的电压。而在防爆阀114的可翻转部1142发生翻转后，盖板本体111与第一电极组件112电连接，两者的电位相同，此时第二电极组件113与盖板本体111的之间的电压即为第二电极组件113与第一电极组件112之间的电压。基于此，本实施例可通过对第二电极组件113与盖板本体111之间的电压进行检测来判断防爆阀是否开启。
在具体的实现中，电池还可以包括电压检测电路130，电压检测电路130分别与第二电极组件113的第二导电片1132和盖板本体111通过导线连接，从而形成检测回路，以实时检测第二导电片1132与盖板本体111之间的电压。示例性地，检测回路中的导线的材质包括但不限于为金、银、铜、铁、锌、锡、铝、镁、钴、镍、锰、铂、钽、钨、铼、锇、铱、钯、钌、锆、钼、钒、钛和钪等金属中的一种或多种。
在本申请实施例中，BMS具体可用于在电压检测电路的检测电压跳变为第一电压时，确定防爆阀114的可翻转部1142发生翻转，即确定防爆阀114开启，根据前述，此处的第一电压即为第二电极组件113与第一电极组件112之间的电压。
此外，在一些可能的实施例中，电池包还可以包括报警器。BMS与报警器连接，可用于在确定防爆阀114开启后，控制报警器进行预警。例如，在一些实施方式中，BMS可用于根据报警器发出的预警，切断该电池的电芯的内部回路。或者，在另外一些实施方式中，BMS还可以根据报警器发出的预警，控制开关装置中的脱扣器进行脱口处理，将电池包的充放电回路切断，以便于线下维护。
以上，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池盖板，其特征在于，包括盖板本体、第一电极组件以及防爆阀；其中，
    所述盖板本体设置有第一通孔；
    所述第一电极组件包括第一绝缘件和第一导电片，所述第一绝缘件设置于所述盖板本体的第一侧并覆盖所述第一通孔，所述第一绝缘件的第一侧壁设置有开槽，所述开槽沿所述第一绝缘件的厚度方向贯穿所述第一绝缘件，且所述开槽与所述第一通孔贯通；所述第一导电片(1122)设置于所述第一绝缘件(1125)背离所述盖板本体(111)的一侧，且所述第一导电片(1122)覆盖所述开槽的至少部分区域；
    所述防爆阀(114)设置于所述盖板本体(111)的一侧表面并覆盖所述第一通孔(1113)，所述防爆阀(114)上设置有刻痕(1141)，所述刻痕(1141)在所述防爆阀(114)上界定出固定部和可翻转部(1142)，所述可翻转部的周侧具有与所述固定部相接的连接侧，所述可翻转部的周侧除所述连接侧外的其余位置通过所述刻痕与所述固定部分隔，所述可翻转部(1142)用于在受力时沿所述刻痕朝向所述第一导电片(1122)翻转，并在翻转后与所述第一导电片(1122)接触，将所述盖板本体(111)与所述第一导电片(1122)电连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述连接侧远离所述第一绝缘件的第一侧壁设置。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述可翻转部朝向所述盖板本体的第一侧的表面设置有凸起，所述凸起位于所述可翻转部上远离所述连接侧的区域。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述凸起的端面为弧形表面。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述凸起包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第二部分位于所述第一部分远离所述可翻转部的一侧，所述第一部分为柱状结构，所述第二部分远离所述第一部分的端面为弧形表面。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述第二部分为半球结构。
  7. 如权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述第一通孔为锥形孔，且沿所述盖板本体的第一侧指向所述盖板本体的第二侧的方向，所述第一通孔的直径逐渐变小。
  8. 如权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述刻痕的延伸长度大于或等于0.6C，且小于或等于0.8C，其中，C为所述防爆阀的外轮廓的周长。
  9. 如权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述防爆阀上对应所述刻痕的位置的厚度大于或等于50um，且小于或等于300um。
  10. 如权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述防爆阀为圆形、半圆形、跑道形或者矩形。
  11. 如权利要求1至6任一项所述的电池盖板，其特征在于，所述盖板本体设置有第一安装孔，所述第一绝缘件对应所述第一安装孔的位置设置有第一避让孔；
    所述第一电极组件还包括第一极柱，所述第一极柱绝缘设置于所述第一安装孔内，且所述第一极柱穿过所述第一避让孔与所述第一导电片电连接。
  12. 一种电池，其特征在于，包括电池壳、电芯、电压检测电路以及如权利要求1至11任一项所述的电池盖板，所述电池壳与所述电池盖板固定连接并形成密封腔体，所述盖板本体的第一侧朝向所述密封腔体的外部设置，所述电芯设置于所述密封腔体内；
    所述电池盖板还包括第二电极组件，所述第二电极组件包括第二绝缘件和第二导电片，所述第二绝缘件设置于所述盖板本体的第一侧，所述第二导电片设置于所述第二绝缘件背离所述盖板本体的一侧；
    所述电压检测电路用于检测所述第二导电片与所述盖板本体之间的电压。
  13. 一种电池包，其特征在于，包括电池管理系统以及如权利要求12所述的电池，所述电池管理系统用于在所述电压检测电路的检测电压跳变为第一电压时，确定所述防爆阀开启，所述第一电压为所述第一电极组件与所述第二电极组件之间的电压。
  14. 一种储能系统，其特征在于，包括功率转换器以及如权利要求13所述的电池包，所述功率转换器用于对输入给所述电池包的电流和/或电压，或者从所述电池包输出的电流和/或电压进行功率转换。
PCT/CN2023/102170 2022-10-09 2023-06-25 一种电池盖板、电池、电池包及储能系统 Ceased WO2024078008A1 (zh)

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