WO2024080807A1 - 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 복합 고체 전해질 - Google Patents
복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 복합 고체 전해질 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a composite solid electrolyte and a composite solid electrolyte prepared therefrom.
- Lithium-ion batteries that use a liquid electrolyte have a structure in which the cathode and anode are separated by a separator, so if the separator is damaged by deformation or external impact, a short circuit may occur, which can lead to risks such as overheating or explosion. Therefore, the development of a solid electrolyte that can ensure safety in the field of lithium-ion secondary batteries can be said to be a very important task.
- Lithium secondary batteries using solid electrolytes have the advantage of increasing the safety of the battery, improving the reliability of the battery by preventing electrolyte leakage, and making it easy to manufacture thin batteries.
- lithium metal can be used as a negative electrode, which can improve energy density. Accordingly, it is expected to be applied to small secondary batteries as well as high-capacity secondary batteries for electric vehicles, and is attracting attention as a next-generation battery.
- polymer solid electrolytes can be ion-conducting polymer materials or oxide or sulfide inorganic materials with ion-conducting properties.
- Composite polymer solid electrolytes that are a mixture of polymer materials and inorganic materials have also been proposed.
- Such a conventional composite polymer solid electrolyte is manufactured by dispersing ceramic powder, such as an oxide-based electrolyte, in a polymer matrix. It has the advantage of having higher stability than existing liquid electrolytes and higher ionic conductivity than polymer solid electrolytes. There is a difficulty in that basic prerequisites must be met, such as improving the dispersibility of ceramic particles such as oxides in the matrix and optimizing the physical properties of the polymer matrix used. In particular, there were limitations in manufacturing a composite solid electrolyte with improved ionic conductivity using highly crystalline polymers such as polyethylene oxide (PEO).
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- the high crystallinity of the polymer impedes the chain mobility of the polymer chain, so there are restrictions on the movement of lithium ions within the polymer solid electrolyte, making it difficult to improve the ionic conductivity of the polymer solid electrolyte.
- the ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte is improved by modifying the structure of the crystalline polymer or adding a separate plasticizer to the polymer to improve the mobility of the polymer chain.
- a technology has been developed.
- solid polymer electrolytes manufactured by modifying the structure of the polymer or adding plasticizers have difficulty improving ionic conductivity to 1 mS/cm or higher.
- the polymer solid electrolyte manufactured by modifying the structure of the polymer, adding a separate plasticizer, or immersing the solid electrolyte in a liquid electrolyte it is a pure solid electrolyte for an all-solid-state battery, which can improve the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and enables continuous processing.
- Technology development for manufacturing methods of composite solid electrolytes is required.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 1994-124713
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a composite solid electrolyte capable of improving ionic conductivity and continuous processing, and a composite solid electrolyte manufactured therefrom.
- one embodiment of the invention includes the steps of (S1) preparing a mixed solution containing a PEO (polyethylene oxide)-based copolymer containing a cross-linkable functional group and a ceramic compound; (S2) unwinding the substrate using an unwinder and supplying it to the transfer path; (S3) forming a coating film by applying a mixed solution on the substrate; (S4) transferring the substrate on which the coating film is formed to a drying section and drying it to form a polymer film; (S5) transferring the polymer film to a vapor deposition section and vapor depositing a polar solvent to form a composite solid electrolyte layer; and (S6) winding and recovering the substrate including the composite solid electrolyte layer using a rewinder.
- S1 preparing a mixed solution containing a PEO (polyethylene oxide)-based copolymer containing a cross-linkable functional group and a ceramic compound
- S2 unwinding the substrate using an unwinder and supplying it to the transfer path
- the mixed solution in step (S1) may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of a lithium salt, a cross-linking agent, and an initiator. Additionally, this mixed solution may contain 10 to 100 parts by weight, or 10 to 60 parts by weight, of the ceramic compound based on 100 parts by weight of the PEO (polyethylene oxide)-based copolymer.
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- the polar solvent may be naturally evaporated at room temperature or evaporated by heating to include gas molecules of the polar solvent on the surface or inside the polymer chain.
- the crosslinkable functional group is added to the PEO-based copolymer via an alkylene linker or an alkylene oxide linker having 0 to 10 carbon atoms (however, the alkylene linker having 0 carbon atoms represents a single bond). It is bonded to a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amine group, and an amide group. ), an epoxy group, and an allyl group.
- the PEO (polyethylene oxide)-based copolymer may be a copolymer containing repeating units of the following formulas 1 to 3:
- R 1 represents -CH 2 -O-(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) k -R 3
- k is 0 to 20
- R 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 2 is a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amine group, and an amide group.
- at least one crosslinkable functional group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group and an allyl group is an alkylene linker or an alkylene oxide linker having 0 to 10 carbon atoms (however, the alkylene linker with 0 carbon atoms is a single represents a substituent bonded to the polymer chain through (represents a bond),
- l, m and n are the number of repetitions of the repeating unit, l and n are each independently an integer from 1 to 1000, and m is an integer from 0 to 1000.
- the gas molecules of the polar solvent are polar compounds, and a composite solid electrolyte in which the content of the polar compound is 0.1% by weight or more and less than 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composite solid electrolyte can be manufactured. You can.
- the polar solvent may include one or more selected from the group consisting of carbonate-based compounds and sulfonyl-based compounds. More specifically, the polar solvent is ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate ( Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC), Diethyl Carbonate (DEC), Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), Vinylene Carbonate (VC), and Sulfolane. It may include one or more types selected from the group consisting of.
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMC Dimethyl Carbonate
- DEC Diethyl Carbonate
- Ethylene Carbonate EC
- PC Propylene Carbonate
- VC Vinylene Carbonate
- Sulfolane Sulfolane
- the ceramic compounds include lithium-lanthanum-zirconium oxide (LLZO), lithium-silicon-titanium phosphate (LSTP), lithium-lanthanum-titanium oxide (LLTO), lithium-aluminum-titanium phosphate (LATP), It may include one or more types selected from the group consisting of lithium-aluminum-germanium phosphate (LAGP) and lithium-lanthanum-zirconium-titanium oxide (LLZTO) compounds.
- LLZO lithium-lanthanum-zirconium oxide
- LAGP lithium-aluminum-germanium phosphate
- LLZTO lithium-lanthanum-zirconium-titanium oxide
- steps (S1) to (S6) may be performed continuously.
- composite solid electrolyte prepared by the method of the above-described embodiment.
- These composite solid electrolytes include polymers containing a PEO-based copolymer containing a cross-linkable functional group; ceramic compounds; and a polar compound, wherein at least some of the cross-linkable functional groups form cross-links with each other, so that the polymer forms a three-dimensional network structure, and the polar compound is contained in the three-dimensional network structure in a gaseous state. , may have a structure bound to the polymer chain.
- the method for producing a composite solid electrolyte according to the present invention can produce a composite solid electrolyte in a continuous process and enables mass production.
- the composite solid electrolyte maintains the original structural characteristics of the polymer without deformation or destruction of the polymer chain, improves the mobility of the polymer chain, and improves the ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte by uniformly distributing ceramic particles in the composite solid electrolyte. can be improved.
- the composite solid electrolyte can exhibit improved ionic conductivity and mechanical properties by containing a very small amount of polar solvent (polar compound) in a gaseous state.
- 1 is a flow chart of the method for producing a composite solid electrolyte of the present invention.
- polymer film used in the present invention refers to a film manufactured by applying and drying a mixed solution containing a PEO (polyethylene oxide)-based copolymer containing a cross-linkable functional group and a ceramic mixture. Inside the polymer film, a polymer chain including crosslinking by the crosslinkable functional group is formed, and a ceramic compound is contained in a dispersed form in the internal space of the polymer chain.
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- composite solid electrolyte refers to an electrolyte having a structure in which the polymer film is vapor-deposited with a polar solvent and a polar compound, which is a gas molecule of the polar solvent, is contained on the surface or inside the polymer chain. .
- the "bond” is not limited to a specific type of physical bond, chemical bond, etc., but is fixed by various bonds including physical bond, chemical bond, etc., or simply attached and fixed such as adsorption, Alternatively, it means that it is included in a three-dimensional network structure formed by cross-linking of the polymer and is located adjacent to and fixed to the polymer chain or cross-linking structure.
- the term "three-dimensional network structure” refers to a structure including a three-dimensional frame and an internal space formed by the frame, wherein the frame is a cross-link formed by the cross-linkable functional group, For example, it may include a polymer chain including crosslinking between crosslinkable functional groups and/or crosslinking between crosslinkable functional groups and a crosslinking agent.
- the three-dimensional network structure may also be referred to as a cross-linked structure.
- the polar compound (polar solvent) in the composite solid electrolyte exists or is included in a “gas state,” as distinguished from the case where the polar solvent or an electrolyte containing it is injected in a liquid state, and the polar compound is in a vapor state.
- the polar compound exists in a state distinct from the liquid injected electrolyte immediately after manufacturing the composite solid electrolyte or during the charging and discharging process of an all-solid secondary battery containing it.
- the vapor-deposited polar compound may be locally or temporarily liquefied.
- the vapor-deposited polar compound exhibits a higher mobility compared to the polar solvent injected in the liquid state, and thus represents a state different from the polar solvent in the liquid state, so it also exists or is included in the “gas state.” It can be seen that it is.
- composite solid electrolytes were manufactured in which ceramic compounds such as oxides were dispersed in a polymer matrix.
- oxide-based ceramic particles in the polymer matrix were unevenly distributed, or
- a highly crystalline polymer such as polyethylene oxide is used as the polymer, there is a problem in that ionic conductivity decreases.
- the solid electrolyte was immersed or supported in a liquid electrolyte or solvent, or the liquid electrolyte or solvent was directly injected into the solid electrolyte in a liquid state.
- a liquid electrolyte or solvent is directly added to a solid electrolyte, there is an effect of improving the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte, but this is only an effect of increasing the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte based on the high ionic conductivity of the liquid itself.
- the level was also not sufficient, so injection of a significant amount of liquid electrolyte was required.
- liquid molecules rapidly diffuse into the solid electrolyte, causing rapid relaxation of the polymer chain, promoting gelation on the surface and resulting in a decrease in mechanical properties. phenomenon may appear, and problems such as leakage of liquid electrolyte may not be completely resolved.
- the present inventor cross-linked a PEO (polyethylene oxide)-based copolymer modified with a cross-linkable functional group, and mixed it with a ceramic compound during cross-linking to produce a polymer film in which the ceramic compound was uniformly dispersed in the internal space of the polymer chain. did. Additionally, by contacting the polymer film with vapor of a polar solvent, a very small amount of gas molecules of the polar solvent were bound to the polymer chain or included in the internal space of the polymer chain.
- a PEO polyethylene oxide
- the composite solid electrolyte prepared in this way includes a polymer containing a PEO-based copolymer containing a cross-linkable functional group; It includes a ceramic compound and a polar compound, and at least some of the cross-linkable functional groups form cross-links with each other so that the polymer forms a three-dimensional network structure, and the polar compound is contained in the three-dimensional network structure in a gaseous state. Alternatively, it may represent a structure bound to the polymer chain.
- this composite solid electrolyte contains a trace amount of a polar compound derived from a polar solvent in the gaseous state, while exhibiting improved ionic conductivity.
- polar compounds in the gaseous state affect the physical properties such as crystallinity of the PEO-based copolymer, increasing the chain mobility of the polymer chain, which can improve the conductivity of lithium ions contained in the polymer solid electrolyte. It is predicted that this is because Additionally, this ionic conductivity can be further improved by uniform dispersion of the ceramic compound.
- the present inventors developed a method for manufacturing a composite solid electrolyte that can be mass-produced by manufacturing a composite solid electrolyte showing improved ionic conductivity through a continuous process using the above-described principle.
- One embodiment of the invention provides a method for manufacturing a composite solid electrolyte, and an example flow diagram thereof is shown in FIG. 1.
- the method for manufacturing a composite solid electrolyte of one embodiment includes the steps of (S1) preparing a mixed solution containing a PEO (polyethylene oxide)-based copolymer containing a cross-linkable functional group and a ceramic compound; (S2) unwinding the substrate using an unwinder and supplying it to the transfer path; (S3) forming a coating film by applying a mixed solution on the substrate; (S4) transferring the substrate on which the coating film is formed to a drying section and drying it to form a polymer film; (S5) transferring the polymer film to a vapor deposition section and vapor depositing a polar solvent to form a composite solid electrolyte layer; and (S6) winding and recovering the substrate including the composite solid electrolyte layer using a rewinder. At this time, steps (S1) to (S6) may be performed continuously.
- steps (S1) to (S6) may be performed continuously.
- a mixed solution containing a PEO (polyethylene oxide)-based copolymer containing a cross-linkable functional group and a ceramic compound can be prepared.
- the mixed solution may be prepared by mixing the PEO-based copolymer and the ceramic compound in a solvent, and may be further prepared by mixing any one or more of a lithium salt, a crosslinking agent, and an initiator.
- An electrolyte can be formed by mixing the lithium salt, and a crosslinking bond of the PEO-based copolymer can be formed by mixing a crosslinking agent and/or an initiator.
- the solvent can be dissolved by mixing the PEO-based copolymer with one or more of a lithium salt, a cross-linking agent, and an initiator, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that can be easily removed through a drying process.
- the solvent may be acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, isopropyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), It may be methylpyrrolidone (NMP, N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone) or dimethylformamide (DMF, N,N-Dimethyl formamide).
- This solvent is a solvent that serves as a reaction medium for cross-linking formation, and is distinguished from polar solvents included in liquid electrolytes, etc., and is completely removed by drying, etc. after cross-linking.
- the concentration of the mixed solution can be appropriately adjusted considering the degree to which the molding process for manufacturing the composite solid electrolyte can proceed smoothly.
- the concentration of the mixed solution may mean the concentration (w/w%) of the polymer in the mixed solution.
- the concentration of the polymer may be the concentration of the PEO-based copolymer.
- the concentration of the mixed solution may be 5% by weight to 20% by weight, specifically, 5% by weight or more, 7% by weight or more, or 9% by weight or more, and 13% by weight or less, 17% by weight or less. Or it may be 20% by weight or less.
- the concentration of the mixed solution is less than 5% by weight, the concentration is too diluted and the mechanical strength of the composite solid electrolyte may decrease or may flow when applied on the substrate, and if it is more than 20% by weight, the lithium salt is added to the desired concentration in the mixed solution. It is difficult to dissolve, and due to its high viscosity, solubility may decrease or it may be difficult to apply it in the form of a uniform thin film.
- the crosslinkable functional group may be two or more types.
- the crosslinkable functional groups may be the same or different from each other, and preferably may be different.
- the PEO-based copolymer may contain multiple types of repeating units each containing these functional groups. Additionally, when multiple types of cross-linkable functional groups are included, it may become easier to control the mobility and ionic conductivity of the polymer chain.
- the cross-linkable functional group refers to a functional group capable of forming cross-links between cross-linkable functional groups and/or cross-links with each other through a cross-linking agent, and is a side chain on the main chain of the polymer chain. It can be combined in the form of a chain.
- the crosslinkable functional group may be directly bonded to the main chain of the PEO-based copolymer, or may be bonded through an alkylene or alkylene oxide linker. Accordingly, the crosslinkable functional group may be bonded via an alkylene linker or an alkylene oxide linker having 0 to 10 carbon atoms (however, an alkylene linker with 0 carbon atoms represents a single bond), and may include a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or an alkylene oxide linker. Carboxyl group, isocyanate group, nitro group, cyano group, amine group, amide group, epoxy group and allyl group ( It may be one or more types selected from the group consisting of allyl group).
- the PEO-based copolymer containing the cross-linkable functional group may be a copolymer containing repeating units of the following formulas 1 to 3:
- R 1 represents -CH 2 -O-(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) k -R 3
- k is 0 to 20
- R 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 2 is a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an isocyanate group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amine group, and an amide group.
- at least one crosslinkable functional group selected from the group consisting of an epoxy group and an allyl group is an alkylene linker or an alkylene oxide linker having 0 to 10 carbon atoms (however, the alkylene linker with 0 carbon atoms is a single represents a substituent bonded to the polymer chain through (represents a bond),
- l, m and n are the number of repetitions of the repeating unit, l and n are each independently an integer from 1 to 1000, and m is an integer from 0 to 1000.
- the cross-linkable functional group of R 2 can form a polymer having a matrix form with a three-dimensional network structure formed by the cross-linking.
- the mechanical properties of the composite solid electrolyte can be improved, and the polar compound in the gaseous state is included or combined in this three-dimensional network structure, resulting in a composite solid with improved ionic conductivity.
- Electrolyte may be provided.
- the PEO-based copolymer may include two or more repeating units of Formula 3 in which R 2 is a different cross-linkable functional group, and may also include one or more types of repeating units of Formula 2. .
- hydroxy group refers to -OH group.
- carboxyl group refers to -COOH group.
- nitro group refers to the -NO 2 group.
- cyano group refers to a -CN group.
- amine group refers to a monoalkylamine group; monoarylamine group; Monoheteroarylamine group; dialkylamine group; Diarylamine group; Diheteroarylamine group; Alkylarylamine group; Alkylheteroarylamine group; and an arylheteroarylamine group, and the number of carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 30.
- amine group examples include methylamine group, dimethylamine group, ethylamine group, diethylamine group, phenylamine group, naphthylamine group, biphenylamine group, dibiphenylamine group, anthracenylamine group, 9- Methyl-anthracenylamine group, diphenylamine group, phenylnaphthylamine group, ditolylamine group, phenyltolylamine group, triphenylamine group, biphenylnaphthylamine group, phenylbiphenylamine group, biphenyl fluorescein Examples include a nylamine group, phenyltriphenylenylamine group, and biphenyltriphenylenylamine group, but are not limited to these. Additionally, “amino group” refers to -NH 2 .
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymer comprising Formulas 1 to 3 may be 100,000 g/mol to 2,000,000 g/mol, specifically, 100,000 g/mol or more, 200,000 g/mol or more, or 300,000 g/mol. It may be more than 1,600,000 g/mol, 1,800,000 g/mol or less, or 2,000,000 g/mol or less. If the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymer is less than 100,000 g/mol, the mechanical properties of the film capable of forming a composite solid electrolyte may not be satisfied.
- the solubility may decrease when preparing a polymer solution due to an increase in viscosity, and forming a polymer film for producing a composite solid electrolyte may become difficult.
- the ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte may decrease due to a decrease in chain mobility due to an increase in crystallinity inside the film.
- the copolymer may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer.
- the composite solid electrolyte may include a ceramic compound.
- the ceramic compound has a lithium ion transport ability to improve the conductivity of lithium ions, and preferably contains lithium atoms but does not store lithium, but may have the function of moving lithium ions, and is capable of transporting lithium ions in the composite solid electrolyte. Conductivity can be improved.
- the ceramic compound may be included in a uniformly dispersed state in the internal space of the cross-linked polymer chains in the polymer film formed by cross-linking induced during drying in step (S4).
- the ceramic compounds are mixed together when forming the mixed solution and can be uniformly dispersed without agglomeration in the internal space between the cross-linked polymer chains.
- Such ceramic compounds can be advantageous in improving the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of composite solid electrolytes due to their uniform dispersion form.
- the ceramic compound may be in particle form. Due to the morphological characteristics of particles, they can be contained in a more uniformly dispersed state within the composite solid electrolyte.
- the particles of the ceramic compound may be spherical and have a diameter of 100 nm to 1000 nm. If the diameter is less than 100 nm, the non-crystallization effect through reduced crystallinity of the polymer may be minimal, and if it is more than 1000 nm, dispersibility may decrease due to increased aggregation between particles, making it difficult to disperse uniformly.
- the ceramic chemical may be an oxide-based or phosphate-based compound, for example, an oxide-based solid electrolyte in the form of lithium metal oxide or lithium metal phosphate. More specifically, the ceramic compound is a garnet type lithium-lanthanum-zirconium oxide (LLZO, Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 ) compound, a perovskite type lithium-lanthanum-titanium oxide type ( LLTO , Li 3 ) 3 ) Compound, lithium-aluminum-germanium phosphate-based (LAGP, Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 )-based compound, lithium-silicon-titanium phosphate-based (LSTP, LiSiO 2 TiO 2 (PO 4 ) 3 )
- One or more types may be selected from the group consisting of compounds and lithium-lanthanum-zirconium-titanium oxide (LLZTO) compounds, more preferably lithium-lanthanum-zirconium oxide (LLZO) and lithium-
- lithium-lanthanum-titanium oxide (LLTO), lithium-aluminum-titanium phosphate (LATP), lithium-aluminum-germanium phosphate (LAGP), and lithium-lanthanum-zirconium-titanium oxide (LLZTO). More than one type of oxide-based solid electrolyte can be used.
- the oxide-based solid electrolyte made of the oxide-based or phosphate-based compound generally has an ionic conductivity value of up to 10 -4 to 10 -3 S/cm at room temperature, is stable in the high voltage region, and is stable in air, making it easy to synthesize and handle. There are some easy advantages.
- the above-described composite solid electrolyte can supplement the disadvantages of the polymer-based solid electrolyte by further including the ceramic compound.
- the ceramic compound has high high temperature stability because it does not easily combust or ignite even under high temperature conditions of 400°C or higher. Therefore, when the composite solid electrolyte includes the ceramic compound, the mechanical strength of the composite solid electrolyte as well as high-temperature stability and ionic conductivity can be improved.
- the ceramic compound may be included in an amount of 10 to 100 parts by weight, or 10 to 60 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the PEO-based copolymer containing the crosslinkable functional group.
- the ceramic compound is included in an excessively small amount, the effect of lowering the crystallinity of the polymer and making it amorphous due to the ceramic compound is reduced, so the effect of increasing the ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte is not significant, and the mechanical properties are also reduced by the formation of a composite. As a result, it may not meet the expected level.
- the ceramic compound is included in an excessively large amount, the ceramic compound is not uniformly dispersed within the polymer, causing the ceramic compound particles to clump together and aggregate, resulting in the production of a composite solid electrolyte with reduced ionic conductivity. You can.
- the lithium salt can be used as a raw material to form an electrolyte.
- the lithium salt is contained in a dissociated ionic state in the internal space between the polymer chains, thereby improving the ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte. At least a portion of the cations and/or anions dissociated from the lithium salt remain bound to the polymer chain and may exhibit mobility during charging/discharging of the battery.
- the lithium salt may be included in an amount of 25 to 45 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the PEO-based copolymer containing the crosslinkable functional group, specifically, 25 parts by weight or more, 30 parts by weight or more, or 35 parts by weight or more. It may be included, or may be included in 40 parts by weight or less or 45 parts by weight or less. If the content of the lithium salt is less than 25 parts by weight, the ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte may decrease, and if the content of the lithium salt exceeds 45 parts by weight, the mechanical strength may decrease.
- the cross-linking agent may form a cross-linking bond with the cross-linkable functional group, and the cross-linking bond may be a bond formed by hydrogen bonding, Lewis acid-base interaction, ionic bonding, coordination bonding, or radical polymerization.
- the cross-linking agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a cross-linking agent that can form a cross-linking bond with the cross-linkable functional group.
- the crosslinking agent is trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate.
- ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate hereinafter 'EGDMA'
- 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene DIP
- 1,4-diacryloyl piperazine 1,4-diacryloyl piperazine
- 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate 2,6-bisacryloylamidopyridine
- 3- (acryloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate)
- 3,5-bis(acryloylamido)benzoic acid 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-methylacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, bis- (1-(tert-butyl peroxy)-1-methylethyl)-benzene (bis-(1-(tert-butylperoxy)-1-methylethyl)-benzene), dicumyl peroxid
- the cross-linking agent may be included in an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the PEO-based copolymer containing the cross-linkable functional group. If the content of the cross-linking agent is less than 1 part by weight, cross-linking with the cross-linkable functional group may not be sufficiently achieved, and if it exceeds 30 parts by weight, cross-linking is excessive and the mobility of the polymer chain decreases, thereby lowering ionic conductivity. It can be.
- the initiator may induce a radical polymerization reaction between the cross-linkable functional groups to form cross-links between the cross-linkable functional groups.
- the functional group that enables the radical polymerization reaction may be a functional group containing vinyl at the end, for example, an allyl group.
- the initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is an initiator that can induce a radical polymerization reaction between the cross-linkable functional groups.
- the initiator is benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, lauroyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and diisopropylphenyl hydroperoxide. -hydroperoxid), tert-butyl hydroperoxide, paramethane hydroperoxide (p-methylhydroperoxide) and 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (2,2 It may include one or more species selected from the group consisting of '-azobis (2-methylpropionitrile)).
- the initiator may be used in an amount of 0.5 to 2 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the PEO-based copolymer containing the cross-linkable functional group, and when used in the above range, it induces a radical polymerization reaction between the cross-linkable functional groups to efficiently cross-link. It is possible to form
- step (S2) the substrate can be unwound using the unwinder and supplied to the transfer path.
- the unwinder unwinds and supplies a substrate wound in a roll shape through a predetermined transfer path, and can unwind and supply the substrate by its own drive. Additionally, in step (S6), the substrate may be unwound and supplied by the driving force of a rewinder that winds the substrate on which the composite solid electrolyte layer is formed.
- manufacturing the composite solid electrolyte according to one embodiment may be a roll-to-roll process.
- the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it can serve as a support for the coating film, and may be in the form of a film.
- the substrate may include SUS (Stainless Use Steel), polyethylene terephthalate film, polytetrafluoroethylene film, polyethylene film, polypropylene film, polybutene film, polybutadiene film, vinyl chloride copolymer film, and polyurethane film. , ethylene-vinylacetate film, ethylene-propylene copolymer film, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer film, ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer film, or polyimide film.
- step (S3) a coating film can be formed by continuously applying the mixed solution on the substrate.
- the application method is not particularly limited as long as it can form a coating film from the mixed solution on the substrate.
- the application method includes bar coating, roll coating, spin coating, slit coating, die coating, blade coating, It may be comma coating, slot die coating, lip coating, spray coating, or solution casting.
- a solution casting method may be used. More specifically, the mixed solution prepared in step (S1) is placed in a mixer, the mixer is placed on the substrate, and the mixed solution is continuously casted on the substrate supplied through a one-directional transfer path. A coating film can be formed.
- step (S4) the coating film formed on the substrate can be transferred to a drying section and dried to form a polymer film.
- the drying method may use a hot air drying method of drying with hot air at a temperature within a certain range, but it is not limited to these examples, and any method that can dry the coating film on the base film on which the coating film is formed can be used. do.
- the drying may be performed at 50°C to 250°C.
- the drying temperature may be 50°C or higher, 70°C or higher, or 90°C or higher, and may be 120°C or lower, 150°C or lower, 200°C or lower, or 250°C. It may be below. If the drying temperature is less than 50°C, the coating film formed by applying the mixed solution onto the substrate may not dry sufficiently and may flow down as a liquid. If the drying temperature is higher than 250°C, the coating film applied on the substrate may be damaged or bubbles may form. This may result in a smooth coating film not being formed.
- the drying may include primary drying and secondary drying.
- primary drying a portion of the solvent contained in the coating film can be removed to form a film
- secondary drying crosslinking between the crosslinkable functional groups induced by the initiator and/or the above Crosslinks may be formed between the crosslinkable functional group and the crosslinker.
- the primary drying may be performed at room temperature for 5 to 20 hours, and the secondary drying may be performed at 50°C to 250°C as described above. In this way, when the drying process is performed by primary drying and secondary drying, a film of a uniform shape is formed, and internal crosslinking can be better formed.
- the drying section is not limited to one stage. If the drying path is long, the drying section may be formed in multiple stages to improve drying efficiency. For example, a drying section of three or more stages may be formed.
- a cross-linking reaction occurs in the polymer film and may include polymer chains including cross-links.
- the crosslinking may include crosslinking between crosslinkable functional groups and/or crosslinking between crosslinkable functional groups and a crosslinking agent.
- at least some of the cross-linkable functional groups may form cross-links with each other via the cross-linking agent, thereby forming the three-dimensional network structure described above.
- crosslinking bond between the crosslinking functional group and the crosslinking agent may be a hydrogen bond, a bond formed by Lewis acid-base interaction, an ionic bond, a coordination bond, or a bond formed by radical polymerization.
- the ceramic compound may be uniformly dispersed, and the lithium salt may be dissociated and included in an ionic state.
- step (S5) the polymer film is transferred to a vapor deposition section and a polar solvent is vapor deposited to produce a composite solid electrolyte.
- the vapor deposition naturally evaporates the polar solvent at room temperature or evaporates it by heating, thereby binding the gas molecules of the polar solvent to the polymer chains inside the polymer film or depositing the gas molecules of the polar solvent into the internal space of the polymer chain. It may include molecules.
- the polar solvent is uniformly spread on the surface and/or inside the polymer, so that gas molecules of the polar solvent bind to the polymer chain, or the polymer It may be contained in a uniformly dispersed form in the internal space of the chain.
- the heating temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which the polar solvent can change phase into vapor, and may be, for example, 30°C to 80°C.
- General PEO-based copolymers melt at 60°C, but PEO-based copolymers modified with the cross-linkable functional group have improved heat resistance when forming a cross-linked structure and can withstand temperatures up to 80°C, making it possible to further speed up vapor deposition. there is.
- the heating method is not limited to any method that can supply energy to generate steam. For example, a direct heating method using a burner or stove, or an indirect heating method using a heater or a steam pipe, etc. can be used, but the method is not limited to these examples.
- the heating if the temperature is too high, the boiling point of the polar solvent may be exceeded or the polymer may be deformed, and there is a disadvantage in that it is difficult to control the evaporation rate of the polar solvent during vapor deposition. Therefore, a trace amount of the polar solvent may be used. In order to perform vapor deposition, it may be desirable to perform vapor deposition at a heating temperature in the appropriate range as specified above.
- a composite solid electrolyte containing a polar compound that is a gas molecule of a polar solvent bound to a cross-linked polymer chain or contained in the internal space of the polymer chain can be produced through vapor deposition.
- the polar compound is a gas molecule of a polar solvent used in the vapor deposition process. During vapor deposition, the gas molecules of the polar solvent are adsorbed to the polymer and then diffuse into the polymer chain to be included on the surface or inside the polymer chain. You can. Specifically, the polar compound may be bound to the polymer chain or may be contained in a dispersed form in the internal space between the polymer chains.
- the polar compound can improve the ionic conductivity of the final manufactured composite solid electrolyte.
- This composite solid electrolyte does not substantially contain a solvent or electrolyte solution in a liquid state, and contains a trace amount of a polar compound contained or combined in a gaseous state by the vapor deposition.
- This complex solid electrolyte was confirmed, for example, by the fact that no liquid component was observed on the surface of the electrolyte layer when the electrolyte layer containing it was separated from an all-solid-state battery and observed with the naked eye or an electron microscope. It can be.
- liquid polar solvent or electrolyte solution is injected into the composite solid electrolyte, liquid components or components showing wettability may be observed on the surface of the electrolyte layer.
- the composite solid electrolyte in which the polar compound is vapor-deposited and contained in a gaseous state exhibits significantly higher ionic conductivity compared to a case in which a liquid polar solvent or electrolyte solution is injected. Through such comparison of ionic conductivity, a composite solid electrolyte in which the polar compound is vapor-deposited and contained in a gaseous state can be confirmed.
- a polar compound bound to the polymer chain or contained in the internal space between the polymer chains can act as a plasticizer inside the polymer and plasticize the polymer.
- the plasticized polymer may have an increased amorphous region within it, thereby improving the mobility of the polymer chain. As the mobility of the polymer chain improves, the ion hopping effect inside the polymer increases, and the ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte can be improved.
- the polar compound can serve as an intermediate for smooth ion transfer through ion hopping.
- the affinity between lithium ions and polar compounds is stronger than the affinity between lithium ions and the ether oxygen of the PEO-based copolymer, so the transfer of lithium ions is faster inside the polymer to which the polar compound is adsorbed. It can be easy. That is, as the polar compound, which is a polar solvent molecule, is introduced into the polymer, the cation solvation effect of lithium ions is increased, so the ion mobility is improved, and thus the ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte can be improved. there is.
- the polar solvent or the corresponding polar compound may include one or more types selected from the group consisting of carbonate-based compounds and sulfonyl-based compounds.
- the polar compounds include ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and propylene carbonate (Propylene). It may contain one or more types selected from the group consisting of carbonate (PC), vinylene carbonate (VC), and sulfolane, or a combination thereof.
- the content of the polar compound may include 0.1% by weight or more and less than 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composite solid electrolyte.
- the content of the polar compound may be more than 0.1% by weight, more than 1% by weight, more than 2% by weight, or less than 8% by weight, less than 9% by weight, and less than 10% by weight.
- the content of the polar compound is less than 0.1% by weight, it is difficult to cause a change in the chain conformation inside the polymer, so the ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte is not improved, and when the content of the polar compound is 10% by weight or more.
- the solid electrolyte contains a large amount of liquid, resulting in the characteristics of a semi-solid battery. Additionally, there is a problem in that the mechanical strength of the composite solid electrolyte is reduced due to gelation of the polymer.
- step (S6) the substrate including the composite solid electrolyte layer can be wound and recovered using a rewinder.
- the rewinder can recover the substrate including the composite solid electrolyte layer by winding it into a roll shape, and can wind the substrate including the composite solid electrolyte layer by its own drive.
- the substrate containing the recovered composite solid electrolyte layer can be used as is, or the composite solid electrolyte can be used in the form of a free-standing film by additionally performing a step of separating the composite solid electrolyte layer from the substrate. You can.
- the free-standing film refers to a film that can maintain its film form by itself at room temperature and pressure without a separate support, that is, without a base material.
- steps (S1) to (S6) can be performed continuously, so it is possible to manufacture the composite solid electrolyte in a continuous process.
- the composite solid electrolyte prepared according to the above-described embodiment includes a polymer containing a PEO (polyethylene oxide)-based copolymer containing a cross-linkable functional group; ceramic compounds; and a polar compound, wherein at least some of the cross-linkable functional groups form cross-links with each other, so that the polymer forms a three-dimensional network structure, and the polar compound is contained in the three-dimensional network structure in a gaseous state. , may have a structure bound to the polymer chain.
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- the three-dimensional network structure is a structure including an internal space formed by a three-dimensional frame and an upper frame, and the frame includes crosslinks formed by the crosslinkable functional group. It includes a polymer chain, and the internal space may contain a ceramic compound or a polar compound in a gaseous state by vapor deposition.
- the crosslinking formed by the crosslinkable functional groups forming the frame may include crosslinking between the crosslinkable functional groups and/or crosslinking between the crosslinkable functional groups and the crosslinking agent.
- the ceramic compound By including the ceramic compound in a dispersed form in the internal space of the three-dimensional network structure, uniform dispersion of the ceramic compound is possible. Due to the morphological characteristics in which the ceramic compound is uniformly dispersed, the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of the composite solid electrolyte can be further improved.
- a polar compound in a gaseous state may be bound to the polymer chain, or a polar compound in a gaseous state may be included in the internal space of the polymer chain.
- the method by which the polar compound is bound to the polymer chain is not particularly limited as long as the polar compound is fixed to the polymer chain.
- the bond may include both physical chemistry and chemical bonding.
- a further embodiment of the invention also relates to an all-solid-state battery including the composite solid electrolyte, wherein the all-solid-state battery includes a negative electrode, an anode, and a composite solid electrolyte interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and the solid electrolyte includes It was manufactured according to the above-described embodiment.
- the composite solid electrolyte has a three-dimensional network structure of polymer chains as described above, a ceramic compound is uniformly contained in the internal space of the polymer chains, and polar gas molecules of a polar solvent are formed through a vapor deposition process.
- a ceramic compound is uniformly contained in the internal space of the polymer chains, and polar gas molecules of a polar solvent are formed through a vapor deposition process.
- the positive electrode included in the all-solid-state battery includes a positive electrode active material layer, and the positive active material layer may be formed on one side of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material, a binder, and a conductive material.
- the positive electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that can reversibly occlude and release lithium ions, for example, lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO 2 ), Li[Ni x Co y Mn z M v ]O 2
- a c in the above formula, 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.2, 0.6 ⁇ b ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ b' ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.2, and M includes one or more selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Cu, Zn, and Ti.
- the positive electrode active material may be included in an amount of 40 to 80% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the content of the positive electrode active material may be 40% by weight or more or 50% by weight or more, and may be 70% by weight or less or 80% by weight or less. If the content of the positive electrode active material is less than 40% by weight, connectivity between positive electrode active materials may be insufficient, and if the content of the positive electrode active material is more than 80% by weight, mass transfer resistance may increase.
- the binder is a component that assists the bonding of the positive electrode active material and the conductive material and the bonding to the current collector, and includes styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, and nitrile.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone polyvinylpyridine
- polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl acetate
- polyepichlorohydrin polyphosphazene
- polyacrylonitrile polystyrene
- latex acrylic resin, phenol resin, epoxy resin, carboxymethyl cellulose.
- the binder may include one or more selected from the group consisting of styrene-butadiene rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylic acid, lithium polyacrylate, and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the binder may be included in an amount of 1% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the content of the binder may be 1% by weight or more or 3% by weight or more, and 15% by weight. It may be less than or equal to 30% by weight. If the content of the binder is less than 1% by weight, the adhesion between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode current collector may be reduced. If it exceeds 30% by weight, the adhesion is improved, but the content of the positive electrode active material may decrease accordingly, lowering battery capacity.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it prevents side reactions in the internal environment of the all-solid-state battery and has excellent electrical conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- Representative examples include graphite or conductive carbon.
- graphite such as natural graphite and artificial graphite
- Carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, Denka black, thermal black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black
- Carbon-based materials with a crystal structure of graphene or graphite Carbon-based materials with a crystal structure of graphene or graphite
- Conductive fibers such as carbon fiber and metal fiber; fluorinated carbon; Metal powders such as aluminum powder and nickel powder; Conductive whiskeys such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate;
- Conductive oxides such as titanium oxide; and conductive polymers such as polyphenylene derivatives; may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more types, but are not necessarily limited thereto.
- the conductive material may typically be included in an amount of 0.5% to 30% by weight based on the total weight of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the content of the conductive material may be 0.5% by weight or more or 1% by weight or more, and 20% by weight or less. It may be 30% by weight or less. If the content of the conductive material is too small (less than 0.5% by weight), it may be difficult to expect an improvement in electrical conductivity or the electrochemical properties of the battery may deteriorate, and if it is too large (more than 30% by weight), the amount of positive electrode active material is relatively small. Capacity and energy density may decrease.
- the method of including the conductive material in the positive electrode is not greatly limited, and conventional methods known in the art, such as coating the positive electrode active material, can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector supports the positive electrode active material layer and serves to transfer electrons between the external conductor and the positive electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high electronic conductivity without causing chemical changes in the all-solid-state battery.
- the positive electrode current collector may be copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, palladium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel surface treated with carbon, nickel, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. You can.
- the positive electrode current collector may have a fine uneven structure on the surface of the positive electrode current collector or may adopt a three-dimensional porous structure to strengthen the bonding force with the positive electrode active material layer. Accordingly, the positive electrode current collector may include various forms such as films, sheets, foils, meshes, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven fabrics.
- the above positive electrode can be manufactured according to a conventional method, and specifically, a composition for forming a positive electrode active material layer prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder in an organic solvent is applied and dried on the positive electrode current collector, and selectively applied. It can be manufactured by compression molding on a current collector to improve electrode density. At this time, it is preferable to use an organic solvent that can uniformly disperse the positive electrode active material, binder, and conductive material and that evaporates easily. Specifically, acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, water, isopropyl alcohol, etc. are mentioned.
- the negative electrode included in the all-solid-state battery includes a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer may be formed on one side of the negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode active material is a material capable of reversibly intercalating or deintercalating lithium (Li + ), a material capable of reversibly forming a lithium-containing compound by reacting with lithium ions, lithium metal, or a lithium alloy. It can be included.
- the material capable of reversibly inserting or de-inserting lithium ions may be, for example, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, or a mixture thereof.
- the material that can react with the lithium ion (Li + ) to reversibly form a lithium-containing compound may be, for example, tin oxide, titanium nitrate, or silicon.
- the lithium alloy includes, for example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), francium (Fr), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium ( It may be an alloy of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), radium (Ra), aluminum (Al), and tin (Sn).
- the negative electrode active material may be lithium metal, and specifically, may be in the form of a lithium metal thin film or lithium metal powder.
- the negative electrode active material may be included in an amount of 40 to 80% by weight based on the total weight of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the content of the negative electrode active material may be 40% by weight or more or 50% by weight or more, and may be 70% by weight or less or 80% by weight or less. If the content of the negative electrode active material is less than 40% by weight, the connectivity between the wet negative electrode active material layer and the dry negative electrode active material layer may be insufficient, and if the content of the negative electrode active material is more than 80% by weight, mass transfer resistance may increase.
- the binder is the same as described above for the positive electrode active material layer.
- the conductive material is the same as described above for the positive electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical changes in the battery.
- the negative electrode current collector may include copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, and copper. Surface treatment of stainless steel with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc., aluminum-cadmium alloy, etc. can be used.
- the negative electrode current collector may be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foils, nets, porous materials, foams, and non-woven fabrics with fine irregularities formed on the surface.
- the manufacturing method of the negative electrode is not particularly limited, and it can be manufactured by forming a negative electrode active material layer on a negative electrode current collector using a layer or film forming method commonly used in the art. For example, methods such as compression, coating, and deposition can be used. In addition, the case where a metallic lithium thin film is formed on a metal plate through initial charging after assembling a battery without a lithium thin film on the negative electrode current collector is also included in the negative electrode of the present invention.
- a battery module including the all-solid-state battery as a unit cell, a battery pack including the battery module, and a device including the battery pack as a power source are provided.
- the device include a power tool that is powered by an omni-electric motor and moves; Electric vehicles, including Electric Vehicle (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), etc.; Electric two-wheeled vehicles including electric bicycles (E-bikes) and electric scooters (E-scooters); electric golf cart; Examples include, but are not limited to, power storage systems.
- Electric vehicles including Electric Vehicle (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), etc.
- Electric two-wheeled vehicles including electric bicycles (E-bikes) and electric scooters (E-scooters); electric golf cart; Examples include, but are not limited to, power storage systems.
- a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based copolymer of the following formula 1a was prepared:
- R 1 is -CH 2 -O-(CH 2 -CH 2 -O) k -CH 3
- k is 2
- the ratio of l:m:n was 85:13:2, and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the copolymer was about 2,000,000 g/mol.
- the copolymer of Formula 1a has an allyl group bonded through a methylene oxide linker as a crosslinkable functional group.
- the polyethylene oxide copolymer was mixed with acetonitrile as a solvent, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent, benzoyl peroxide as an initiator, LiTFSI as a lithium salt, and LSTP as a ceramic compound to form a polymer and a ceramic. After preparing a mixed solution of compounds, it was stirred using a magnetic bar for 24 hours.
- the composition of the mixed solution of the polyethylene oxide copolymer and the ceramic compound is 20 parts by weight of trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate as a crosslinking agent, 1 part by weight of benzoyl peroxide as an initiator, based on 100 parts by weight of polyethylene oxide copolymer, 36 parts by weight of LiTFSI, a lithium salt, and 40 parts by weight of LSTP, a ceramic compound, were mixed, the concentration of polyethylene oxide copolymer, a polymer, contained in the mixed solution was 11.1% by weight, and the polyethylene oxide copolymer, a polymer, and the ceramic compound were mixed. Acetonitrile solvent was used so that the concentration was 14.9% by weight.
- SUS foil a base film, was supplied through a unidirectional transfer path by an unwinder.
- the coating film formed on the base film supplied through the one-way transport path by the unwinder is transferred to the drying section, first dried at room temperature for 12 hours, and then secondarily dried at 100°C for 3 hours to form a 200 ⁇ m thick film.
- a polymer film was prepared.
- the polymer film was transported to the vapor deposition section and vapor deposition was performed.
- the vapor deposition is performed by filling the lower part of the chamber in the vapor deposition section with an EMC (ethylmethyl carbonate) solvent and then naturally evaporating it at room temperature for 72 hours to introduce the EMC vapor into the inside of the polymer film transferred to the upper part of the chamber.
- EMC ethylmethyl carbonate
- a composite solid electrolyte layer was prepared by binding EMC molecules to the polymer chains inside the polymer film or depositing them in an internal space of the polymer chains.
- the base film containing the prepared composite solid electrolyte layer was recovered by winding it using a rewinder. Afterwards, the base film was peeled off to prepare a composite solid electrolyte in the form of a free-standing film.
- Comparative Example 1 Composite solid electrolyte containing only modified PEO (no liquid)
- a composite solid electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that step 5) of vapor deposition of the EMC solvent was not performed.
- Comparative Example 2 Modified PEO + composite solid electrolyte containing a large amount of liquid
- a composite solid electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the EMC solvent was directly injected into the composite solid electrolyte prepared in step 1) of Example 1.
- Polyethylene oxide (PEO) homopolymer (weight average molecular weight: about 4,000,000 g/mol) with an unsubstituted crosslinkable functional group was used, and the same as that prepared in Example 1 above was used, except that no crosslinking agent or initiator was added.
- a composite solid electrolyte was prepared in the same manner.
- a solid electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as that prepared in Example 1, except that the ceramic compound was not added.
- the content of the polar compound can be measured by using a scale to monitor the weight of the liquid phase evaporated over time while heating the solid electrolyte specimen. For example, it can be measured by monitoring the weight of the liquid evaporated over time while heating the specimen at a temperature of 55 to 70 °C or 60 °C using a heated electronic scale (AND MS-70). . When the amount of polar compounds evaporated over time reached saturation, the saturation amount at that time was considered the total amount of polar compounds contained within the solid electrolyte.
- the polar compound may be ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC).
- the solid electrolyte was formed on the lower substrate of a coin cell with a size of 1.7671 cm 2 and then SUS was used as an inactive electrode (blocking electrode). A coin cell for measuring ionic conductivity was manufactured.
- Equation 1 ⁇ i is the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte (S/cm), R is the resistance of the solid electrolyte ( ⁇ ) measured with the electrochemical impedance spectrometer, and L is the thickness of the solid electrolyte ( ⁇ m), A means the area of the solid electrolyte (cm 2 ).
- Table 1 shows the content and ion conductivity measurement results of EMC vapor deposited (or included) in the composite (or polymer) solid electrolyte.
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Abstract
Description
| 고체전해질 전체 중량 대비 EMC의 함량(중량%) | 이온 전도도 (S/cm) | |
| 실시예 1 | 1.2 | 1.3 x 10-3 |
| 비교예 1 | - | 1.4 x 10-4 |
| 비교예 2 | 12 | 3.8 x10-4 |
| 비교예 3 | 1.5 | 측정 불가 |
| 비교예 4 | 1.2 | 5.1 x 10-4 |
Claims (13)
- (S1) 가교 결합성 작용기를 포함하는 PEO(polyethylene oxide)계 코폴리머 및 세라믹 화합물을 포함하는 혼합 용액을 제조하는 단계;(S2) 언와인더(unwinder)를 이용하여 기재를 풀어서 이송 경로로 공급하는 단계;(S3) 상기 기재 상에 혼합 용액을 도포하여 도포막을 형성하는 단계;(S4) 상기 도포막이 형성된 기재를 건조 구간으로 이송 및 건조시켜 고분자 필름을 형성하는 단계;(S5) 상기 고분자 필름을 증기 증착 구간으로 이송시켜, 극성 용매를 증기 증착시켜, 복합 고체 전해질층을 형성하는 단계; 및(S6) 리와인더(rewinder)를 이용하여 상기 복합 고체 전해질층을 포함하는 기재를 감아 회수하는 단계;를 포함하는 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (S1) 단계의 혼합 용액은 리튬염, 가교제 및 개시제로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 더 포함하는 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 혼합 용액은 PEO(polyethylene oxide)계 코폴리머 100 중량부에 대하여, 상기 세라믹 화합물 10 내지 100 중량부를 포함하는 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (S5) 단계의 증기 증착은, 상기 극성 용매를 상온에서 자연 증발시키거나 가열로 증발시켜, 상기 고분자 사슬의 표면 또는 내부에 상기 극성 용매의 기체 분자를 포함시키는 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 가교 결합성 작용기는 상기 PEO계 코폴리머에 탄소수 0 내지 10의 알킬렌 링커 또는 알킬렌 옥사이드 링커(단, 탄소수 0인 알킬렌 링커는 단일 결합을 나타낸다)를 매개로 결합되어 있고,히드록시기(hydroxyl group), 카복실기(carboxyl group), 이소시아네이트기(isocyanate group), 니트로기(nitro group), 시아노기(cyano group), 아민기(amine group), 아미드기(amide group), 에폭시기(epoxy group) 및 알릴기(allyl group)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 PEO(polyethylene oxide)계 코폴리머는 하기 화학식 1 내지 3의 반복 단위를 포함하는 공중합체인 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법:[화학식 1][화학식 2][화학식 3]상기 화학식 1 내지 3에서, R1은 -CH2-O-(CH2-CH2-O)k-R3 를 나타내며, k는 0 내지 20이고, R3는 탄소수 1 내지 5의 알킬기를 나타내고,R2는 히드록시기(hydroxyl group), 카복실기(carboxyl group), 이소시아네이트기(isocyanate group), 니트로기(nitro group), 시아노기(cyano group), 아민기(amine group), 아미드기(amide group), 에폭시기 (epoxy group) 및 알릴기(allyl group)로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상의 가교 결합성 작용기가 탄소수 0 내지 10의 알킬렌 링커 또는 알킬렌 옥사이드 링커(단, 탄소수 0인 알킬렌 링커는 단일 결합을 나타낸다)를 매개로 고분자 사슬에 결합된 치환기를 나타내며,l, m 및 n은 반복 단위의 반복수로, l 및 n은 각각 독립적으로 1 내지 1000의 정수이고, m은 0 내지 1000의 정수이다.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 극성 용매의 기체 분자는 극성 화합물이고,상기 극성 화합물의 함량이 복합 고체 전해질의 총 중량 기준으로, 0.1 중량% 이상 내지 10 중량% 미만인 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 극성 용매는 카보네이트계 화합물 및 설포닐계 화합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 극성 용매는 에틸메틸카보네이트(Ethyl Methyl carbonate, EMC), 디메틸카보네이트(Dimethyl Carbonate, DMC), 디에틸카보네이트(Diethyl Carbonate, DEC), 에틸렌카보네이트(Ethylene Carbonate, EC), 프로필렌카보네이트(Propylene Carbonate, PC), 비닐렌카보네이트(Vinylene Carbonate, VC) 및 술폴레인(Sulfolane)로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 세라믹 화합물은 리튬-란타늄-지르코늄 산화물계(LLZO), 리튬-실리콘-티타늄 인산염계(LSTP), 리튬-란타늄-티타늄 산화물계(LLTO), 리튬-알루미늄-티타늄 인산염계(LATP), 리튬-알루미늄-게르마늄 인산염계(LAGP) 및 리튬-란타늄-지르코늄-티타늄 산화물계(LLZTO) 화합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상을 포함하는 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 (S1) 내지 (S6) 단계가 연속적으로 수행되는 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제11항 중 어느 한 항의 제조방법으로 제조된 복합 고체 전해질.
- 제12항에 있어서, 가교 결합성 작용기를 포함하는 PEO계 코폴리머를 포함하는 고분자; 세라믹 화합물; 및 극성 화합물을 포함하고,상기 가교 결합성 작용기의 적어도 일부는 서로 가교 결합을 형성하여, 상기 고분자가 3차원 네트워크 구조를 형성하고 있고,상기 극성 화합물은 기체 상태로 상기 3차원 네트워크 구조 내에 포함되거나, 상기 고분자 사슬 상에 결합되어 있는 복합 고체 전해질.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23877730.4A EP4560762A4 (en) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | PROCESS FOR PREPARING SOLID COMPOSITE ELECTROLYTE AND SOLID COMPOSITE ELECTROLYTE THUS PREPARED |
| CN202380065456.3A CN119923736A (zh) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | 复合固体电解质的制备方法及由其制备的复合固体电解质 |
| JP2025512159A JP2025529112A (ja) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | 複合固体電解質の製造方法およびこれから製造された複合固体電解質 |
| US19/112,090 US20260094863A1 (en) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-13 | Method for preparing electrolyte and electrolyte prepared thereby |
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| KR20220132766 | 2022-10-14 | ||
| KR10-2022-0132766 | 2022-10-14 | ||
| KR10-2023-0136063 | 2023-10-12 | ||
| KR1020230136063A KR102941257B1 (ko) | 2022-10-14 | 2023-10-12 | 복합 고체 전해질의 제조방법 및 이로부터 제조된 복합 고체 전해질 |
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| EP (1) | EP4560762A4 (ko) |
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| WO2025246146A1 (zh) * | 2024-05-27 | 2025-12-04 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | 聚合物固态电解质膜及其制备方法、固态电池及用电装置 |
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| US20030082457A1 (en) * | 2000-05-16 | 2003-05-01 | Noh Hyung-Gon | Polymeric gel electrolyte and lithium battery employing the same |
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| JP2007188877A (ja) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-07-26 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 電極及びその製造方法、並びに非水電解質二次電池 |
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| JP6657135B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-22 | 2020-03-04 | 株式会社石井表記 | 電池製造用装置 |
-
2023
- 2023-10-13 WO PCT/KR2023/015789 patent/WO2024080807A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2023-10-13 US US19/112,090 patent/US20260094863A1/en active Pending
- 2023-10-13 EP EP23877730.4A patent/EP4560762A4/en active Pending
- 2023-10-13 JP JP2025512159A patent/JP2025529112A/ja active Pending
- 2023-10-13 CN CN202380065456.3A patent/CN119923736A/zh active Pending
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| EP4560762A4 (en) | 2025-12-31 |
| US20260094863A1 (en) | 2026-04-02 |
| JP2025529112A (ja) | 2025-09-04 |
| CN119923736A (zh) | 2025-05-02 |
| EP4560762A1 (en) | 2025-05-28 |
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