WO2024087101A1 - 电池及用电装置 - Google Patents

电池及用电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024087101A1
WO2024087101A1 PCT/CN2022/127966 CN2022127966W WO2024087101A1 WO 2024087101 A1 WO2024087101 A1 WO 2024087101A1 CN 2022127966 W CN2022127966 W CN 2022127966W WO 2024087101 A1 WO2024087101 A1 WO 2024087101A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
pressure
along
battery pack
pressure member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/127966
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许虎
金海族
牛少军
赵丰刚
曾毓群
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
Priority to EP22963085.0A priority Critical patent/EP4510329A4/en
Priority to CN202280089643.0A priority patent/CN118575338A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2022/127966 priority patent/WO2024087101A1/zh
Priority to CN202321954243.XU priority patent/CN220692177U/zh
Publication of WO2024087101A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024087101A1/zh
Priority to US18/946,078 priority patent/US20250070224A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0468—Compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery and an electrical device.
  • the battery cells will swell during use, which may cause the battery cells to be easily over-pressurized, resulting in poor wetting, or too loose, resulting in a poor interface.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a battery and an electrical device, so that during the entire service life of the battery, the pressure-applying member applies appropriate pressing force to the battery cell to prevent the battery cell from being over-pressurized or too loose.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising: at least one battery pack, the battery pack comprising a layer of battery rows or a plurality of battery rows stacked along a first direction, the battery row comprising a battery cell or a plurality of battery cells arranged along a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction, the shell of the battery cell comprising a first surface perpendicular to the first direction, the first surface being the surface with the largest area of the shell; a pressure piece, the pressure piece being arranged on at least one side of the battery pack along the first direction, the pressure piece being against the first surface of the battery pack, and the position of the pressure piece along the first direction being adjustable.
  • the pressure is applied to the first surface of the battery pack in a first direction by the pressure-applying member, and the position of the pressure-applying member along the first direction is adjustable, so that during the entire service life of the battery pack, the pressure-applying member can apply appropriate pressing force to the battery cells in the battery pack to avoid poor wetting caused by overpressure on the battery cells in the battery pack and poor interface caused by overlooseness.
  • one end surface of the battery cell along the first direction is the first surface; or, two surfaces of the battery cell opposite to each other along the first direction are both the first surfaces.
  • the thickness of the battery cell along the first direction is T
  • the adjustable stroke of the pressure member along the first direction is H
  • the pressure member includes a pressure plate, the pressure plate is arranged on one side of the battery pack along the first direction, and the adjustable stroke of the pressure plate is H; or, the pressure member includes a first pressure plate and a second pressure plate, the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate are respectively arranged on both sides of the battery pack, and the sum of the adjustable strokes of the first pressure plate and the second pressure plate is H.
  • the battery pack is prevented from interfering with the pressure adjustment, or the adjustment is made more flexible.
  • the projection area of the pressure member along the first direction is S
  • the distance between the two outermost side surfaces of the at least one battery pack along the second direction is M
  • the distance between the two outermost side surfaces along the third direction is N
  • the first direction and the second direction are both perpendicular to the third direction, and 100% ⁇ S/(M*N) ⁇ 110%.
  • the edge of the pressure member exceeds the edge of the at least one battery pack by a dimension L1
  • the edge of the pressure member exceeds the edge of the at least one battery pack by a dimension L2
  • the first direction and the second direction are both perpendicular to the third direction, 3mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 10mm, 3mm ⁇ L2 ⁇ 10mm.
  • the battery further comprises: a box, in which the battery pack and the pressure member are located; at least one adjusting member, which is disposed on a side of the pressure member facing away from the battery pack, and comprises a fixed portion and a movable portion, wherein the fixed portion is mounted on the box, and the movable portion abuts against the pressure member and is movably mounted on the fixed portion along the first direction.
  • the position of the pressure member is more convenient to adjust, and there is no need to reserve operating space outside the edge of the pressure member, which is conducive to making the structure more compact.
  • the fixed part and the movable part are threadedly matched; or, the fixed part is a motor and the movable part is a telescopic rod; or, the fixed part has an air pressure chamber, the air pressure in the air pressure chamber is adjustable, and the movable part extends into the air pressure chamber and moves under the drive of the air pressure.
  • the structure of the adjusting member is simple and the clamping force adjustment accuracy is high.
  • adjusting members which are spaced apart along the circumference of the pressure member and cooperate with the edge of the pressure member.
  • the pressure member is subjected to more uniform force.
  • the battery further comprises: a support structure, the support structure being disposed between two adjacent layers of the battery rows and cooperating with the battery rows.
  • the thickness of the support structure along the first direction is 1 mm to 8 mm.
  • the support structure is connected to the battery row.
  • the rigidity of the battery row is further improved.
  • the support structure has at least one of a heat insulation layer, a buffer portion, and a heat exchange channel.
  • the functions of the support structure are more diversified.
  • the multiple battery packs are arranged along a third direction, and the first direction and the second direction are both perpendicular to the third direction.
  • the pressure member abuts against the first surface of the plurality of battery packs.
  • the pressing force of the plurality of battery packs can be adjusted with high consistency.
  • the battery further comprises: a reinforcing structure, the reinforcing structure extending along the second direction and arranged between two adjacent battery packs and cooperating with the battery packs.
  • a reinforcing structure the reinforcing structure extending along the second direction and arranged between two adjacent battery packs and cooperating with the battery packs.
  • a pressure relief portion is provided on the surface of the battery cell facing the reinforcement structure.
  • the reinforcement structure is provided with a flame retardant portion opposite to the pressure relief portion.
  • the thermal runaway can be prevented from spreading.
  • the reinforcement structure is provided with a recessed portion facing the pressure relief portion. In the above technical solution, it is ensured that the pressure relief portion can relieve pressure smoothly.
  • the shell is provided with a pressure relief portion, and the thickness of the side wall of the shell provided with the pressure relief portion is 0.8 mm to 3 mm.
  • the structure of the shell and the pressure relief portion is stable, the installation is stable, the pressure relief portion has good consistency, and the pressure relief is timely and low-cost, avoiding explosion.
  • the housing is provided with a pressure relief portion, and the pressure relief portion is provided in a thinned area of the housing, or the pressure relief portion is a pressure relief valve installed on a side wall of the housing.
  • the housing of the battery cell is provided with a pressure relief portion and an electrical connection portion, and the pressure relief portion and the electrical connection portion are provided on different sides of the housing.
  • the pressure relief discharge can be prevented from being directly sprayed toward the electrical connection portion to prevent a short circuit.
  • the housing includes an outer shell, a first cover and a second cover, wherein the first cover and the second cover are respectively covered at the ends of the outer shell, the first cover is provided with an electrical connection part, and the second cover is provided with a pressure relief part.
  • the installation operation of the electrical connection part and the pressure relief part is made more convenient.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the above-mentioned battery, wherein the battery is used to provide electrical energy to the electrical device.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a battery along a third direction according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG2 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the battery of the first embodiment of the present application at the circled A in FIG1 ;
  • FIG3 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a battery according to a second embodiment of the present application at the point circled A in FIG1 ;
  • FIG4 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a battery according to a third embodiment of the present application at the circled A in FIG1 ;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a battery along a first direction according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electrical device according to some embodiments of the present application.
  • Battery pack 10 battery row 11; battery cell 12; housing 121; electrical connection portion 122; pressure relief portion 123; first surface 124;
  • Pressure member 20 first pressure plate 21; second pressure plate 22;
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, and “attached” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • a and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone.
  • the character "/" in this application generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
  • a battery refers to a single physical module that includes one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity.
  • the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack.
  • Some batteries may include a casing for encapsulating one or more battery cells or multiple battery modules. The casing can prevent liquids or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells.
  • some batteries may not include the above-mentioned casing and are directly set in the battery installation compartment of the electrical device.
  • battery cells may include lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium-ion primary batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries or magnesium-ion batteries, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • Battery cells may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular or other shapes, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. Battery cells are generally divided into three types according to the packaging method: cylindrical battery cells, square battery cells and soft-pack battery cells, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
  • a battery cell may include a shell, an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, and the shell is used to contain the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.
  • the electrode assembly is composed of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separator.
  • the battery cell mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work.
  • the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer, the positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector, the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the positive electrode collector coated with the positive electrode active material layer, and the positive electrode collector not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as a positive electrode ear.
  • the material of the positive electrode collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium or lithium manganese oxide, etc.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the negative electrode current collector coated with the negative electrode active material layer.
  • the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as a negative electrode tab.
  • the material of the negative electrode current collector can be copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon or silicon, etc. In order to ensure that a large current passes without melting, the number of positive electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together, and the number of negative electrode tabs is multiple and stacked together.
  • the material of the isolation film may be PP (polypropylene) or PE (polyethylene), etc.
  • the electrode assembly may be a winding structure or a stacked structure, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the battery cell may be provided with electrode terminals and the like connected to the tabs as the electrical connection part of the battery cell.
  • the battery cell may have a pressure relief part.
  • the pressure relief part is used to release the internal substances of the battery cell (for example, gas, liquid, particulate matter, etc.) to reduce the internal pressure of the battery cell and avoid the internal pressure of the battery cell being too quickly pressurized, which may lead to dangerous accidents such as explosion of the battery cell.
  • the pressure relief part may be an explosion-proof valve, an explosion-proof plate, etc.
  • batteries which include a housing and battery cells, and the housing includes an upper shell and a lower shell.
  • the battery cells are usually glued to the upper shell or the lower shell. During the use of the battery, the battery cells will expand, which may cause the battery cells to be over-pressurized and cause poor wetting in the later stage of use.
  • the structure of battery cells is improved in some related technologies to reduce the expansion of battery cells during use.
  • this method is difficult and is not conducive to the safety of battery cells.
  • the gap in the initial state is increased to adapt to the expansion of battery cells in the later stage.
  • this method is prone to wrinkles and bubbles between the pole pieces of the early battery cells, resulting in lithium precipitation, and the battery cells are too loose, resulting in poor interface.
  • the battery pack 10 includes a layer of battery row 11 or a plurality of battery rows 11 stacked along a first direction F1, and the battery row 11 includes a battery cell 12 or a plurality of battery cells 12 arranged along a second direction F2, and the second direction F2 is perpendicular to the first direction F1.
  • the shell 121 of the battery cell 12 includes a first surface 124 perpendicular to the first direction F1, and the first surface 124 is the surface with the largest area of the shell 121.
  • the pressure member 20 is provided on at least one side of the battery pack 10 along the first direction F1, and the pressure member 20 is against the first surface 124 of the battery pack 10, and the position of the pressure member 20 along the first direction F1 is adjustable.
  • the position of the pressure member 20 is adjusted along the first direction F1, so that the position of the pressure member 20 can be adjusted according to the service life of the battery 1000, the expansion state of the battery cell 12, etc., so that the pressure member 20 can always maintain appropriate pressure on the battery pack 10 during the use of the battery 1000, so that the battery cell 12 will not be over-pressurized to cause poor wetting, and will not be too loose to cause poor interface, thereby ensuring the performance and service life of the battery cell 12.
  • the battery 1000 disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be used in, but not limited to, an electrical device 2000 such as a vehicle, a ship or an aircraft.
  • the power system of the electrical device 2000 composed of the battery 1000 disclosed in the present application can be used to ensure the performance and service life of the electrical device 2000.
  • the power-consuming device 2000 disclosed in the embodiment of the present application may be, but is not limited to, a vehicle, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, etc.
  • the vehicle may be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle, a new energy vehicle, or a rail vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle, etc.
  • the spacecraft includes an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, etc.
  • the electric toy includes a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric vehicle toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric airplane toy, etc.
  • the electric tool includes a metal cutting electric tool, a grinding electric tool, an assembly electric tool, and a railway electric tool, such as an electric drill, an electric grinder, an electric wrench, an electric screwdriver, an electric hammer, an impact drill, a concrete vibrator, and an electric planer, etc.
  • the battery 1000 includes: a pressure member 20 and at least one battery pack 10.
  • the battery pack 10 includes a layer of battery rows 11 or multiple layers of battery rows 11 stacked along a first direction F1, and the battery row 11 includes a battery cell 12 or a plurality of battery cells 12 arranged along a second direction F2, and the second direction F2 is perpendicular to the first direction F1.
  • the shell 121 of the battery cell 12 includes a first surface 124 perpendicular to the first direction F1, and the first surface 124 is the surface with the largest area of the shell 121.
  • the pressure member 20 is provided on at least one side of the battery pack 10 along the first direction F1, and the pressure member 20 is against the first surface 124 of the battery pack 10, and the position of the pressure member 20 along the first direction F1 is adjustable.
  • the battery pack 10 includes a layer of battery rows 11 or multiple layers of battery rows 11 stacked along a first direction F1, and the battery row 11 includes a battery cell 12 or multiple battery cells 12 arranged along a second direction F2.
  • the battery pack 10 may include only one battery cell 12, which forms a layer of battery rows 11, thereby forming a battery pack 10.
  • the battery pack 10 includes a layer of battery rows 11, which includes multiple battery cells 12 arranged along the second direction F2.
  • the battery pack 10 includes multiple layers of battery rows 11 arranged along the first direction F1, and each layer of battery rows 11 includes a battery cell 12.
  • the battery pack 10 includes multiple layers of battery rows 11 arranged along the first direction F1, and each layer of battery rows 11 includes multiple battery cells 12 arranged along the second direction F2.
  • the battery pack 10 can meet requirements of different power and space sizes.
  • the shell 121 of the battery cell 12 includes a first surface 124 perpendicular to the first direction F1, and the first surface 124 is the surface with the largest area of the shell 121.
  • the two side surfaces of the shell 121 of the battery cell 12 separated along the first direction F1 are both the first surface 124
  • the two side surfaces separated along the second direction F2 are both the second surface
  • the two side surfaces separated along the third direction F3 are both the third surface
  • the first direction F1, the second direction F2 and the third direction F3 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the area of the first surface 124 is greater than the area of the second surface, and the area of the first surface 124 is greater than the area of the third surface.
  • the first surface 124 is formed as the surface with the largest area of the shell 121. It should be noted that the size relationship between the second surface and the third surface can be flexibly set, such as the area of the second surface is greater than the area of the third surface, or the area of the third surface is greater than the area of the second surface, which is within the protection scope of the present application.
  • the pressure member 20 is a component capable of applying pressure to the battery pack 10.
  • the pressure member 20 is disposed on at least one side of the battery pack 10 along the first direction F1, and the pressure member 20 abuts against the first surface 124 of the battery pack 10. That is, the pressure member 20 is only disposed on the first side or the second side of the battery pack 10 along the first direction F1 to abut against the first surface 124 of the battery cell 12 of the battery pack 10 exposed on the first side, or against the first surface 124 of the battery cell 12 of the battery pack 10 exposed on the second side, thereby applying pressure to the entire battery pack 10.
  • the pressure member 20 is disposed on the first side and the second side of the battery pack 10 along the first direction F1 to abut against the first surface 124 of the battery cell 12 of the battery pack 10 exposed on the first side, and against the first surface 124 of the battery cell 12 of the battery pack 10 exposed on the second side, thereby applying pressure to the entire battery pack 10.
  • the position of the pressure member 20 along the first direction F1 is adjustable. That is, in the initial state, an adjustment space is reserved on the side of the battery pack 10 where the pressure member 20 is provided, and the pressure member 20 is provided in the adjustment space and can move in the adjustment space along the first direction F1 to achieve position adjustment.
  • the performance and expansion pressure of the battery cell 12 will change with the SOH (remaining power percentage), thereby causing the size of the battery cell 12 to change, especially the first surface 124 with the largest area is prone to change.
  • the size of the battery cell 12 along the first direction F1 will increase with use.
  • the position of the pressure member 20 is not adjustable, as the size of the battery cell 12 increases along the first direction F1, the pressure applied by the pressure member 20 on the battery pack 10 will increase, and the battery cell 12 will be over-pressurized, resulting in poor wetting.
  • the pressure applied by the pressure member 20 on the battery pack 10 can be maintained at an appropriate pressing force, for example, within a preset range. In this way, over-pressurization of the battery cells 12 in the battery pack 10 is avoided.
  • the pressure member 20 can also apply a suitable clamping force to the battery 1000 in the initial state of the battery 1000, that is, when the battery 1000 is not in use or is in the early stage of use, without reserving a large gap, thereby avoiding the situation where the pressure applied by the pressure member 20 on the battery pack 10 is too small or too loose, resulting in a poor interface.
  • the position adjustment of the pressure member 20 along the first direction F1 can be automatically adjusted or manually adjusted.
  • the battery 1000 may include a control component, which automatically adjusts the position of the pressure member 20 according to at least one of the expansion force, SOH, performance and other parameters of the battery cell 12, so that the pressure of the pressure member 20 on the battery pack 10 is maintained within a preset range.
  • the electrical device 2000 using the battery 1000 can be regularly maintained to test at least one of the expansion force, SOH, performance and other parameters of the battery cell 12, and then the position of the pressure member 20 can be manually adjusted according to the test results, so that the pressure of the pressure member 20 on the battery pack 10 is maintained within a preset range.
  • the pressure member 20 applies a suitable pressing force to the battery pack 10.
  • the pressure member 20 applies pressure to the battery row 11 in direct contact, and through the interaction between the two layers of battery rows 11, the pressure member 20 can indirectly apply pressure to the battery row 11 that is not in direct contact, so that the entire battery pack 10 is compressed by the pressure member 20.
  • the pressure member 20 when the pressure member 20 is disposed on the first side and the second side, by applying pressure to the battery pack 10 from both sides at the same time, the multi-layer battery row 11 can be subjected to uniform force, and when the position of the pressure member 20 is adjusted, it can be adjusted on one side or on both sides at the same time to improve the effect of position adjustment.
  • pressure is applied to the first surface 124 of the battery pack 10 in the first direction F1 by the pressure member 20, and the position of the pressure member 20 along the first direction F1 is adjustable, so that during the entire service life of the battery pack 10, the pressure member 20 can apply appropriate pressing force to the battery cells 12 in the battery pack 10 to avoid overpressure of the battery cells 12 in the battery pack 10 resulting in poor wetting, and to avoid poor interface due to excessive looseness.
  • the number of the first surface 124 may be one or more than two.
  • one end surface of the battery cell 12 along the first direction F1 is the first surface 124.
  • the battery cell 12 has only one first surface 124 with the largest area, and expands less along the first direction F1 during use, and the pressure member 20 can apply a pressing force to the first surface 124, and the required pressure member 20 position adjustment stroke is smaller, so that the battery 1000 as a whole is more compact in the first direction F1.
  • two surfaces of the battery cell 12 that are opposite to each other along the first direction F1 are both first surfaces 124.
  • the battery cell 12 has two first surfaces 124, and the pressure member 20 can apply a pressing force to the two first surfaces 124 of the battery cell 12 to simultaneously limit the expansion of the two first surfaces 124, thereby preventing the battery cell 12 from being over-pressurized or too loosened through a simpler structure.
  • the thickness of the battery cell 12 along the first direction F1 is T, that is, the distance between the two first surfaces 124 of the battery cell 12 is T.
  • the adjustable stroke of the pressure member 20 along the first direction F1 is H, 1% ⁇ T/H ⁇ 10%.
  • T/H can be 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, etc.
  • T/H is too large, even after the pressure member 20 is adjusted to the extreme position in the direction away from the battery pack 10, there is still a risk of excessive expansion force of the battery cell 12 and poor wetting due to overpressure, especially for the battery pack 10 with a large number of battery rows 11. If T/H is too small, the reserved space on the side of the battery pack 10 where the pressure member 20 is provided is too large, which in turn causes the volume of the battery 1000 to be too large.
  • T and H satisfy 2% ⁇ T/H ⁇ 5%, such as 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, etc., which has a better effect of reducing the volume of the battery 1000 and meeting the compression force adjustment requirements.
  • the pressure member 20 includes a pressure plate, which is disposed on one side of the battery pack 10 along the first direction F1, and the adjustable stroke of the pressure plate is H. That is, the pressure member 20 applies pressure to the battery pack 10 only from one side of the battery pack 10 along the first direction F1, so that the operation is simple during the pressure adjustment process.
  • the pressure plate can be disposed on the upper side of the battery pack 10, and during the pressure adjustment process, the operation can be performed from the upper side of the battery pack 10 to avoid interference of the battery pack 10 with the pressure adjustment.
  • the pressure member 20 includes a first pressure plate 21 and a second pressure plate 22.
  • the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22 are respectively disposed on both sides of the battery pack 10, and the sum of the adjustable strokes of the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22 is H. That is, the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22 can be adjusted along the first direction F1, respectively, and during the adjustment process, the first pressure plate 21, the second pressure plate 22, or the first pressure plate 21 and the second pressure plate 22 can be adjusted at the same time as needed, so that the adjustment is more flexible.
  • the projection area of the pressure member 20 along the first direction F1 is S.
  • the distance between the two outermost side surfaces of at least one battery pack 10 along the second direction F2 is M, and the distance between the two outermost side surfaces along the third direction F3 is N, the first direction F1 and the second direction F2 are both perpendicular to the third direction F3, 100% ⁇ S/(M*N) ⁇ 110%, for example, 100%, 102%, 104%, 106%, 108%, 110%, etc.
  • the distance between the two outermost side surfaces of at least one battery pack 10 along the second direction F2 is M, and the distance between the two outermost side surfaces along the third direction F3 is N.
  • “at least one battery pack 10” refers to all battery packs 10 included in the battery 1000. That is, when only one battery pack 10 is included, “at least one battery pack 10” refers to the battery pack 10; when multiple battery packs 10 are included, “at least one battery pack 10” refers to the multiple battery packs 10.
  • the distance between the two outermost side surfaces along the second direction F2 is M, and the distance between the two outermost side surfaces along the third direction F3 is N
  • the distance between the two outermost side surfaces of all battery packs 10 in the second direction F2 is M
  • the distance between the two outermost side surfaces of all battery packs 10 in the third direction F3 is N.
  • the projection of all battery packs 10 along the first direction F1 falls into the virtual box
  • the virtual box extends along the outer periphery of the projection
  • the sizes of the two adjacent sides of the virtual box are M and N.
  • the two battery packs 10 can be arranged along the third direction F3, and each battery pack 10 includes nine battery cells 12 arranged along the second direction F2.
  • the distance between the mutually opposed surfaces of the two battery cells 12 located at both ends of the second direction F2 is M, wherein the nine battery cells 12 can be closely fitted or spaced apart by a certain gap.
  • the distance between the mutually opposed surfaces of the two battery packs 10 in the first direction F1 is N, wherein the two battery rows 11 can be closely fitted or spaced apart by a certain gap.
  • M*N that is, the product of M and N, is the area of the region enclosed by the above virtual box.
  • the ratio of S to M*N is within the above range, which is conducive to the pressure member 20 applying a pressing force to all battery packs 10 of the battery 1000, so as to ensure the performance of the battery pack 10 with a simpler structure. At the same time, it is avoided that the area of the pressure member 20 is too large, resulting in too much space occupied in the second direction F2 and the third direction F3, and the volume of the battery 1000 is avoided to be too large.
  • the edge of the pressure member 20 exceeds the edge of at least one battery pack 10 by a dimension L1.
  • the edge of the pressure member 20 exceeds the edge of at least one battery pack 10 by a dimension L2.
  • the first direction F1 and the second direction F2 are both perpendicular to the third direction F3. 3mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 10mm, 3mm ⁇ L2 ⁇ 10mm.
  • At least one battery pack 10 refers to all battery packs 10 included in the battery 1000. That is, when only one battery pack 10 is included, “at least one battery pack 10” refers to the battery pack 10; when multiple battery packs 10 are included, “at least one battery pack 10” refers to the multiple battery packs 10.
  • the edge of the pressure member 20 exceeds the edge of at least one battery pack 10 by a dimension L1. That is, the projections of all battery packs 10 along the first direction F1 fall within the virtual box, and the virtual box extends along the outer periphery of the projections of all battery packs 10. Some of the projections of the pressure member 20 along the first direction F1 do not fall within the virtual box, and some of the portions that do not fall within the virtual box are located on the side of the virtual direction along the second direction F2, and the dimensions of these portions that do not fall within the virtual box along the second direction F2 are L1.
  • the edge of the pressure member 20 exceeds the edge of at least one battery pack 10 by a dimension L2. That is, a portion of the projection of the pressure member 20 along the first direction F1 does not fall into the virtual box, and some of the portions that do not fall into the virtual box are located on the side of the virtual box along the third direction F3, and the dimension of these portions that do not fall into the virtual box along the third direction F3 is L2.
  • L1 and L2 satisfy: 3mm ⁇ L1 ⁇ 10mm, 3mm ⁇ L2 ⁇ 10mm.
  • L1 can be 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, etc.
  • L2 can be 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, etc.
  • L1 and L2 can be equal or unequal. If the size is too small, the pressure plate installation accuracy requirement is high, and it is easy to be misaligned, resulting in the pressure plate being unable to uniformly press the entire area of the battery pack 10; if the size is too large, it will occupy a large space, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the battery 1000.
  • the pressure member 20 it is beneficial for the pressure member 20 to apply a pressing force to all battery packs 10 of the battery 1000, avoiding the influence of installation errors, and at the same time avoiding the pressure member 20 from being too large in area, resulting in too much space occupied in the second direction F2 and the third direction F3, and avoiding the battery 1000 from being too large in volume.
  • the battery 1000 further includes a box 40 and at least one adjusting member 30.
  • the battery pack 10 and the pressure member 20 are located in the box 40.
  • the adjusting member 30 is disposed on the side of the pressure member 20 facing away from the battery pack 10, and the adjusting member 30 includes a fixed portion 31 and a movable portion 32.
  • the fixed portion 31 is mounted on the box 40, and the movable portion 32 is against the pressure member 20 and is movably mounted on the fixed portion 31 along the first direction F1.
  • the box body 40 provides a stable space for the normal operation of the battery pack 10.
  • the box body 40 may include an upper shell and a lower shell, the upper shell and the lower shell cooperate to define a sealed space, and the battery pack 10 and the pressure member 20 are arranged in the sealed space; or the box body 40 includes a lower shell, and the pressure member 20 covers the top opening of the lower shell, so that the lower shell and the pressure member 20 define a sealed space, and the battery pack 10 is located in the sealed space.
  • At least one adjusting member 30, that is, the adjusting member 30 can be one, so as to simplify the structure and reduce the cost; the adjusting member 30 can also be multiple, so as to make the force on each area of the pressure member 20 uniform and improve the stability of driving the pressure member 20 to move.
  • the adjusting member 30 is arranged on the side of the pressure member 20 facing away from the battery pack 10, so that the moving part 32 can be against the surface of the pressure member 20 facing away from the battery pack 10.
  • the fixing portion 31 refers to a portion that does not need to be moved during the process of adjusting the clamping force.
  • the fixing portion 31 is used for the installation of the adjustment member 30.
  • the fixing portion 31 can be installed on the upper shell, or on the bottom wall of the lower shell, or on the side wall of the lower shell.
  • the moving part 32 refers to the part that needs to be moved during the process of adjusting the pressing force.
  • the moving part 32 is used to abut against the pressure member 20, so as to adjust the distance between the moving part 32 and the battery pack 10 as the moving part 32 moves, thereby adjusting the pressure of the moving part 32 on the pressure member 20, and further adjusting the pressure of the pressure member 20 on the battery pack 10.
  • the movement of the moving part 32 makes it easier to adjust the position of the pressure member 20, and there is no need to reserve operating space outside the edge of the pressure member 20, which is conducive to making the structure more compact.
  • the specific structure and matching mode of the fixed part 31 and the movable part 32 can be flexibly set.
  • the fixed portion 31 and the movable portion 32 are threadedly engaged.
  • the movable portion 32 may be a bolt. By twisting the movable portion 32, the movable portion 32 may be moved relative to the fixed portion 31 along the first direction F1, and by controlling the number of turns of twisting, the distance of movement may be precisely controlled, thereby precisely controlling the accuracy of the clamping force adjustment.
  • the fixed part 31 is a motor
  • the movable part 32 is a telescopic rod.
  • the motor can drive the telescopic rod to extend and retract along the first direction F1, thereby adjusting the pressing force.
  • the motor drive is more sensitive and accurate, and is easy to achieve automatic adjustment.
  • the fixed portion 31 has an air pressure chamber 33, and the air pressure in the air pressure chamber 33 is adjustable.
  • the movable portion 32 extends into the air pressure chamber 33 and moves under the drive of the air pressure. For example, when the air pressure in the air pressure chamber 33 increases, the movable member can be driven to move in a direction close to the pressure member 20, thereby increasing the pressing force of the pressure member 20 on the battery pack 10; when the air pressure in the air pressure chamber 33 decreases, the movable member can be driven to move in a direction away from the pressure member 20, thereby reducing the pressing force of the pressure member 20 on the battery pack 10.
  • the air pressure in the air pressure chamber 33 can be adjusted by a pump body. The air pressure adjustment method allows the position of the movable portion 32 to be continuously adjusted, thereby improving the accuracy of the pressing force adjustment.
  • FIG1 there are multiple adjusting members 30, which are spaced apart along the circumference of the pressure member 20 and cooperate with the edge of the pressure member 20.
  • the multiple adjusting members 30 can limit the pressure member 20 from multiple points, and the volume of each adjusting member 30 can be relatively small, so that the adjustment is easier; and the pressure member 20 is uniformly stressed at all locations, thereby uniformly applying stress to the multiple battery cells 12 of the battery pack 10.
  • the pressure member 20 includes a first pressure plate 21 and a second pressure plate 22, both of which are square and are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the battery pack 10.
  • Four adjustment members 30 are arranged on the upper side of the first pressure plate 21, respectively abutting against the four corners of the first pressure plate 21; four adjustment members 30 are arranged on the lower side of the second pressure plate 22, respectively abutting against the four angles of the second pressure plate 22.
  • the second pressure plate 22 can also be omitted, and the battery pack 10 can be directly supported on the bottom wall of the lower shell, and the corresponding adjustment members 30 only need to be provided with four to match the first pressure plate 21.
  • the battery 1000 further includes a support structure 50 .
  • the support structure 50 is disposed between two adjacent layers of battery rows 11 and cooperates with the battery rows 11 .
  • the support structure 50 can separate and support two adjacent layers of battery rows 11, thereby improving the overall structural strength of the battery pack 10 and improving stability.
  • the support structure 50 can be any structure such as a support plate, a support column, etc.
  • the support plate can play a good supporting and limiting role for multiple battery cells 12 of the battery pack 10, and when the support plate is made of heat-insulating material, it can also play a certain heat-insulating role, thereby preventing the heat generated during thermal runaway from quickly spreading to the adjacent battery rows 11, thereby improving the safety of the battery 1000.
  • the thickness of the support structure 50 along the first direction F1 is 1 mm to 8 mm. If the thickness of the support structure 50 is too small, the structural strength of the support structure 50 itself will be weak, and the effect of improving the overall structural strength of the battery pack 10 will not be obvious. If the thickness of the support structure 50 is too large, it will cause excessive space occupation, which is not conducive to reducing the volume and cost of the battery 1000. Within the above size range, while ensuring the structural strength requirements, the structure of the battery pack 10 is made more compact, which is conducive to reducing the volume of the battery 1000.
  • the support structure 50 is connected to the battery row 11.
  • the support structure 50 can be connected by means of an adhesive layer (structural adhesive), welding, fastener connection, etc., so as to further improve the effect of the support structure 50 on the structural strength of the battery row 11.
  • the battery row 11 includes a plurality of battery cells 12, and the support structure 50 can be connected to the plurality of battery cells 12, so as to connect the plurality of battery cells 12 into a whole, so as to further improve the rigidity of the battery row 11.
  • the support structure 50 has at least one of a heat insulation layer, a buffer portion, and a heat exchange channel.
  • the heat insulation layer i.e., a material layer made of heat insulation material, has a low thermal conductivity and can play a heat insulation role.
  • the heat insulation layer By setting the heat insulation layer, the effect of preventing heat diffusion can be further improved, and the effect of avoiding thermal runaway chain reaction can be better.
  • the heat exchange channel is used to accommodate the heat exchange medium inside.
  • the heat exchange medium can be a liquid (such as water, a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, etc.), a gas (such as air, etc.) or a solid-liquid phase change material, etc.
  • the support structure 50 is thermally connected to the adjacent battery cells 12, for example, it can be a direct contact connection, or a thermal pad, thermal conductive glue, etc. can be provided to enhance the thermal conductivity.
  • the support structure 50 with a heat exchange channel can adjust the temperature of the battery cell 12, and can be used to cool the battery cell 12 or heat the battery cell 12, all of which are within the scope of protection of the present application. The following describes this embodiment by taking the heat dissipation of the battery cell 12 as an example.
  • the heat generated during the operation of the battery cell 12 can be conducted to the support structure 50, and then conducted out through the heat exchange medium in the heat exchange channel to achieve heat dissipation of the battery cell 12.
  • the buffer part refers to a structure that can play a buffering role.
  • the buffer part can play a buffering role by deformation to reduce the damage to the battery cell 12 when an impact occurs.
  • the battery cell 12 squeezes the buffer part to reduce the impact force on the battery cell 12.
  • pressure can also be applied to the buffer part, and the buffer part deforms to adjust the pressing force on the battery cell 12 so that the battery cell 12 is not over-pressurized.
  • the buffer portion may include a buffer material layer; and/or, the buffer portion may include a hollow cavity provided in the support structure 50 .
  • the buffer material layer may be a material layer attached to the surface of the support structure 50, such as made of elastic materials such as rubber, silicone, etc. When subjected to a squeezing force, the buffer material layer may be deformed to play a buffering role.
  • the buffer portion may include a hollow cavity provided in the support structure 50, so that the support structure 50 can be deformed when squeezed, so that the volume of the hollow cavity is reduced, thereby achieving a buffering effect.
  • the hollow cavity may be a one-piece cavity with a large area, or may include a plurality of small cavities separated from each other to form a honeycomb-like shape, all of which are within the scope of protection of the present application.
  • the support structure 50 is integrated with at least one of the heat insulation layer, the buffer portion and the heat exchange channel into an integrated design, and the functions are more diversified.
  • the size of the battery 1000 in three-dimensional space can be adjusted by adjusting the number of battery packs 10, the number of battery rows 11 included in the battery pack 10, and the number of battery cells 12 included in the battery row 11, thereby meeting the requirements of different installation spaces and different power consumption.
  • the pressure member 20 abuts against the first surfaces 124 of the plurality of battery packs 10. That is, the plurality of battery packs 10 are pressed by the same pressure member 20, which can reduce the number of pressure members 20 and simplify the structure, and can make the pressing force of the plurality of battery packs 10 highly consistent and improve the overall performance of the battery 1000.
  • the battery 1000 further includes a reinforcing structure 60 .
  • the reinforcing structure 60 extends along the second direction F2 , and is disposed between two adjacent battery packs 10 and cooperates with the battery packs 10 .
  • the reinforcement structure 60 can play a role in structural reinforcement and support and limit the two adjacent battery packs 10, thereby improving the structural strength of the entire battery 1000.
  • two adjacent battery packs 10 can be connected to the reinforcement structure 60 to further improve the structural strength.
  • the reinforcement structure 60 can be a reinforcement plate, a beam body, and the like.
  • the reinforcement structure 60 may have at least one of a heat insulation layer, a buffer portion, and a heat exchange channel.
  • the specific structures of the heat insulation layer, the buffer portion, and the heat exchange channel are similar to those of the support structure 50, and are not described in detail here.
  • a pressure relief portion 123 is provided on a surface of the battery cell 12 facing the reinforcement structure 60 .
  • the pressure relief portion 123 is used to release the internal substances (e.g., gas, liquid, particles, etc.) of the battery cell 12 to reduce the internal pressure of the battery cell 12 and avoid the battery cell 12 being pressurized too quickly, which may lead to dangerous accidents such as explosion of the battery cell 12.
  • the pressure relief portion 123 may be an explosion-proof valve, an explosion-proof plate, etc.
  • the released high-temperature material is sprayed toward the reinforcement structure 60 instead of directly spraying toward adjacent battery cells 12 in the same battery pack 10 or battery cells 12 of adjacent battery packs 10, thereby avoiding direct spraying toward the electrical connection portion 122 of the battery cell 12, thereby preventing problems such as insulation failure, high-voltage ignition, and fire and explosion.
  • the reinforcement structure 60 is provided with a flame retardant portion opposite to the pressure relief portion 123.
  • the flame retardant portion is a structure capable of flame retardancy, and can be made of, for example, flame retardant material or heat insulating material. When a thermal runaway pressure relief portion 123 erupts a high-temperature substance, the flame retardant portion can quickly flame retardant to prevent heat diffusion.
  • the flame retardant portion can be made of cement, steel, glass, etc.
  • the reinforcing structure 60 is provided with a recessed portion facing the pressure relief portion 123.
  • a certain gap can be set between the reinforcing structure 60 and the pressure relief portion 123, so as to prevent the pressure relief portion 123 from being blocked by the reinforcing structure 60 and being unable to eject the substances inside the battery cell 12 in time during thermal runaway, thereby preventing the battery cell 12 from having excessive internal pressure, leading to dangerous accidents such as combustion and explosion.
  • the recessed portion may be a groove provided in the reinforcing structure 60, or may be a through hole provided in the reinforcing structure 60, and an exhaust channel connected to the through hole may also be provided in the reinforcing structure 60, so as to prevent the high-temperature substances discharged from the pressure relief portion 123 from entering the chamber where the battery pack 10 is located, thereby further improving safety.
  • the shell 121 of the battery cell 12 is provided with a pressure relief portion 123
  • the shell 121 is provided with a side wall thickness of the pressure relief portion 123 of 0.8mm to 3mm, for example, it can be 0.8mm, 1mm, 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, etc. If the side wall thickness of the shell 121 is too large, it will lead to high cost and untimely pressure relief; if the side wall thickness of the shell 121 is too small, it will cause the side wall to be easily deformed, and the structure of the shell 121 and the installation structure of the pressure relief portion 123 will be unstable.
  • the structure of the shell 121 and the pressure relief portion 123 is stable, the installation is stable, the consistency of the pressure relief portion 123 is good, and both timely pressure relief and low cost are taken into account to avoid combustion and explosion.
  • the shell 121 is provided with a pressure relief portion 123 with a side wall thickness of 1.5 mm to 2 mm, for example, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, 2 mm, etc., to further improve the structural stability and pressure relief effect.
  • the specific structure of the pressure relief portion 123 can be flexibly set.
  • the pressure relief portion 123 is a thinned area provided on the shell 121.
  • the thinned area can be obtained by thinning the shell 121.
  • the pressure relief portion 123 can be directly designed on the shell 121 by notching, which is conducive to simplifying the structure.
  • the thinned area is relatively thin and has relatively low strength, and it ruptures before other areas of the shell 121, so that the internal high-temperature gas can be discharged along the desired path to achieve pressure relief.
  • the pressure relief portion 123 is a pressure relief valve installed on the side wall of the housing 121.
  • the pressure relief portion 123 and the housing 121 are separate parts connected together, making it easier to process the pressure relief portion 123 and easier to control the pressure relief effect.
  • the pressure relief valve and the side wall of the housing 121 can be connected by welding.
  • the housing 121 of the battery cell 12 is provided with a pressure relief portion 123 and an electrical connection portion 122 , and the pressure relief portion 123 and the electrical connection portion 122 are provided on different sides of the housing 121 .
  • the pressure relief portion 123 and the electrical connection portion 122 are arranged on different sides of the housing 121 of the battery cell 12. This is beneficial to ensure that there is a large distance between the electrical connection portion 122 and the pressure relief portion 123 of the battery cell 12, so as to effectively prevent the conductive particles in the discharge discharged by the battery cell 12 through its own pressure relief portion 123 from flowing to its own electrical connection portion 122 in the case of thermal runaway, causing insulation failure, high voltage ignition, fire and explosion, etc.
  • the electrical connection portion 122 and the pressure relief portion 123 are respectively disposed on the opposite side surfaces of the battery cell 12.
  • the distance between the electrical connection portion 122 and the pressure relief portion 123 can be further increased, and the electrical connection portion 122 can be better protected from the effects of the discharge discharged by the pressure relief portion 123, that is, the probability of being affected is lower, and the safety and reliability of the battery 1000 are better.
  • the electrical connection portion 122 and the pressure relief portion 123 may be provided on the two side surfaces of the battery cell 12 spaced apart along a third direction F3, so that the pressure relief portion 123 is opposite to the reinforcement structure 60, and the electrical connection portion 122 is provided on the surface facing away from the reinforcement structure 60, so as to facilitate electrical connection between the plurality of battery cells 12 and the plurality of battery rows 11, and the pressure relief portion 123 of each battery cell 12 does not spray toward any electrical connection portion 122 in the battery row 11 itself, nor toward any electrical connection portion 122 in the same battery pack 10 or an adjacent battery row 11, nor toward any electrical connection portion 122 in an adjacent battery pack 10, thereby effectively ensuring that the electrical connection portion 122 of each battery cell 12 is protected from the effects of emissions discharged from other battery cells 12, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the battery 1000.
  • the housing 121 includes an outer shell, a first cover and a second cover.
  • the first cover and the second cover are respectively covered at the ends of the outer shell, the first cover is provided with an electrical connection portion 122, and the second cover is provided with a pressure relief portion 123.
  • the outer shell is a structure including four side walls, and the first cover and the second cover respectively cover the two open sides of the outer shell, so that the housing 121 forms a closed structure.
  • the first cover body and the second cover body are separate parts from the outer shell; the electrical connection part 122 can be installed on the first cover body first, and the pressure relief part 123 can be installed on the second cover body; then the first cover body is connected to the outer shell, and the second cover body is connected to the outer shell, such as by welding. Therefore, during the installation of the electrical connection part 122 and the pressure relief part 123, there is no interference from the outer shell, making the installation operation easier.
  • the electric device 2000 according to the second embodiment of the present application includes the battery 1000 according to the first embodiment of the present application, and the battery 1000 is used to provide electric energy for the electric device 2000. Therefore, by using the above battery 1000, it is beneficial to improve the safety and reliability of the electric device 2000.
  • the battery 1000 when the battery 1000 is used in a vehicle, the battery 1000 may be disposed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle.
  • the battery 1000 may be used to power the vehicle, for example, the battery 1000 may be used as an operating power source for the vehicle.
  • the vehicle may further include a controller and a motor, and the controller is used to control the battery 1000 to power the motor, for example, for starting, navigating, and operating power requirements of the vehicle during driving.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池(1000)及用电装置(2000)，电池(1000)包括：电池组(10)，包括一层电池排(11)或沿第一方向(F1)层叠布置的多层电池排(11)，电池排(11)包括一个电池单体(12)或沿第二方向(F2)排布的多个电池单体(12)，电池单体(12)的壳体(121)的垂直于第一方向(F1)的第一表面(124)为面积最大的表面；施压件(20)，设于电池组(10)沿第一方向(F1)的至少一侧，施压件(20)与第一表面(124)相抵，且施压件(20)沿第一方向(F1)的位置可调。

Description

电池及用电装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种电池及用电装置。
背景技术
相关技术中，电池单体在使用过程中会膨胀，导致电池单体容易过压导致浸润差，或者过松导致界面差。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种电池及用电装置，使电池整个使用寿命过程中，施压件对电池单体施加合适压紧力，避免电池单体过压或者过松。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种电池，包括：至少一个电池组，所述电池组包括一层电池排或者沿第一方向层叠布置的多层所述电池排，所述电池排包括一个电池单体或者沿第二方向排布的多个所述电池单体，所述第二方向与所述第一方向垂直，所述电池单体的壳体包括垂直于所述第一方向的第一表面，所述第一表面为所述壳体的面积最大的表面；施压件，所述施压件设于所述电池组沿所述第一方向的至少一侧，所述施压件与所述电池组的所述第一表面相抵，且所述施压件沿所述第一方向的位置可调。
在上述技术方案中，通过施压件在第一方向上向电池组的第一表面施压压力，并且施压件沿第一方向的位置可调，使电池组整个使用寿命过程中，施压件均能够向电池组中的电池单体施加合适的压紧力，避免电池组中的电池单体过压导致浸润差，也避免过松导致界面差。
在一些实施例中，所述电池单体沿所述第一方向的一端表面为所述第一表面；或者，所述电池单体沿所述第一方向彼此相对的两个表面均为所述第一表面。在上述技术方案中，以减小电池单体沿第一方向的膨胀，或者便于施压件对两个第一表面施加压紧力以有效防止电池单体过压或过松。
在一些实施例中，所述电池单体沿所述第一方向的厚度为T，所述施压件沿所述第一方向的可调节行程为H，1％≤T/H≤10％。在上述技术方案中，在保证电池组整个使 用寿命过程中的压紧力调节需求的前提下，避免预留空间过大，使电池的结构更紧凑。
在一些实施例中，所述施压件包括压板，所述压板设于所述电池组沿所述第一方向的一侧，且所述压板的可调节行程为H；或者，所述施压件包括第一压板和第二压板，所述第一压板和所述第二压板分别设于所述电池组的两侧，且所述第一压板和所述第二压板的可调节行程之和为H。在上述技术方案中，避免电池组对压力调节产生干涉，或者使调节更灵活。
在一些实施例中，所述施压件沿所述第一方向的投影面积为S，所述至少一个电池组沿所述第二方向位于最外侧的两侧面的间距为M，且沿第三方向位于最外侧的两侧面的间距为N，所述第一方向和所述第二方向均与所述第三方向垂直，100％≤S/(M*N)≤110％。在上述技术方案中，有利于使施压件向电池的所有电池组都能施加压紧力，以通过更简单的结构保证电池组的性能，且使结构更紧凑。
在一些实施例中，在所述第二方向上，所述施压件的边缘超出所述至少一个电池组的边缘的尺寸为L1，在第三方向上，所述施压件的边缘超出所述至少一个电池组的边缘的尺寸为L2，所述第一方向和所述第二方向均与所述第三方向垂直，3mm≤L1≤10mm，3mm≤L2≤10mm。在上述技术方案中，有利于使施压件向电池的所有电池组都能施加压紧力，以通过更简单的结构保证电池组的性能，且使结构更紧凑。
在一些实施例中，所述电池还包括：箱体，所述电池组和所述施压件位于所述箱体内；至少一个调节件，所述调节件设于所述施压件的背向所述电池组的一侧，所述调节件包括固定部和移动部，所述固定部安装于所述箱体，所述移动部与所述施压件相抵且沿所述第一方向可移动地安装于所述固定部。在上述技术方案中，施压件位置调节更方便，并且施压件的边缘外侧无需预留操作空间，有利于使结构更紧凑。
在一些实施例中，所述固定部与所述移动部通过螺纹配合；或者，所述固定部为电机，所述移动部为伸缩杆；或者，所述固定部具有气压腔，所述气压腔内的气压可调，所述移动部伸入所述气压腔内且在气压的驱动下移动。在上述技术方案中，调节件的结构简单，且压紧力调节精度高。
在一些实施例中，所述调节件为多个，多个所述调节件沿所述施压件的周向间隔分布且与所述施压件的边沿配合。在上述技术方案中，施压件的受力更均匀。
在一些实施例中，所述电池还包括：支撑结构，所述支撑结构设于相邻两层所述电池排之间，并与所述电池排配合。在上述技术方案中，以提高电池的整体结构强度。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑结构沿所述第一方向的厚度为1mm～8mm。在上述技术方案中，在保证结构强度需求的前提下，使电池组的结构更紧凑，有利于减小电池体积。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑结构与所述电池排相连。在上述技术方案中，以进一步提高电池排刚度。
在一些实施例中，所述支撑结构具有隔热层、缓冲部和换热通道中的至少一个。在上述技术方案中，支撑结构的功能更多样化。
在一些实施例中，所述电池组为多个，多个所述电池组沿第三方向排布，所述第一方向和所述第二方向均与所述第三方向垂直。在上述技术方案中，便于满足电池不同安装空间和不同电量的需求。
在一些实施例中，所述施压件与多个所述电池组的所述第一表面相抵。在上述技术方案中，多个电池组的压紧力调节一致性高。
在一些实施例中，所述电池还包括：加强结构，所述加强结构沿所述第二方向延伸，且设于相邻两个所述电池组之间并与所述电池组配合。在上述技术方案中，以进一步提高电池结构强度。
在一些实施例中，所述电池单体朝向所述加强结构的表面设有泄压部。在上述技术方案中，可以防止排放物直接喷向其他电池单体。
在一些实施例中，所述加强结构设有与所述泄压部相对的阻燃部。在上述技术方案中，可以防止热失控扩散。
在一些实施例中，所述加强结构设有朝向所述泄压部的凹部。在上述技术方案中，保证泄压部能够顺利泄压。
在一些实施例中，所述壳体设有泄压部，所述壳体设有所述泄压部的侧壁壁厚为0.8mm～3mm。在上述技术方案中，壳体与泄压部的结构稳定，安装稳定，泄压部一致性好，且兼顾泄压及时性和低成本，避免发生燃爆。
在一些实施例中，所述壳体设有泄压部，所述泄压部为设于所述壳体的减薄区域，或者，所述泄压部为安装于所述壳体侧壁的泄压阀。在上述技术方案中，有利于简化结构，降低加工难度。
在一些实施例中，所述电池单体的所述壳体设有泄压部和电连接部，所述泄压部和所述电连接部设于所述壳体的不同侧。在上述技术方案中，可以防止泄压排放物直接喷向电连接部，防止发生短路。
在一些实施例中，所述壳体包括外壳、第一盖体和第二盖体，所述第一盖体和所述第二盖体分别盖设于所述外壳的端部，所述第一盖体设有电连接部，所述第二盖体设有泄压部。在上述技术方案中，使电连接部和泄压部安装操作更便捷。
第二方面，本申请实施例还提供一种用电装置，包括上述的电池，所述电池用于为 所述用电装置提供电能。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例的电池沿第三方向的示意图；
图2为本申请第一实施例的电池在图1圈示A处的放大结构示意图；
图3为本申请第二实施例的电池在图1圈示A处的放大结构示意图；
图4为本申请第三实施例的电池在图1圈示A处的放大结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例的电池沿第一方向的示意图；
图6为本申请实施例的电池单体的结构示意图；
图7为本申请一些实施例的用电装置的示意图。
附图标记：
电池1000；用电装置2000；
电池组10；电池排11；电池单体12；壳体121；电连接部122；泄压部123；第一表面124；
施压件20；第一压板21；第二压板22；
调节件30；固定部31；移动部32；气压腔33；
箱体40；
支撑结构50；加强结构60；
第一方向F1；第二方向F2；第三方向F3。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
除非另有定义，本申请所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同；本申请中在申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请；本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图说明中的术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。本申请的说明书和权利要求书或上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序或主次关系。
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“附接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本申请中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
在本申请的实施例中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件，并且为了简洁，在不同实施例中，省略对相同部件的详细说明。应理解，附图示出的本申请实施例中的各种部件的厚度、长宽等尺寸，以及集成装置的整体厚度、长宽等尺寸仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
本申请中出现的“多个”指的是两个以上(包括两个)。
本申请中，电池是指包括一个或多个电池单体以提供更高的电压和容量的单一的物理模块。例如，本申请中所提到的电池可以包括电池模组或电池包等。一些电池可以包括用于封装一个或多个电池单体或多个电池模组的箱体。箱体可以避免液体或其他异物影响电池单体的充电或放电。当然，还有一些电池可以不包括上述箱体，直接设置在用电装置的电池安装舱内。
本申请中，电池单体可以包括锂离子二次电池、锂离子一次电池、锂硫电池、钠锂离子电池、钠离子电池或镁离子电池等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。电池单体可呈圆柱体、扁平体、长方体或其它形状等，本申请实施例对此也不限定。电池单体一般按封装的方式分成三种：柱形电池单体、方形电池单体和软包电池单体，本申请实施例对此也不限定。
例如，电池单体可以包括壳体、电极组件和电解液，壳体用于容纳电极组件和电解液。电极组件由正极极片、负极极片和隔离膜组成。电池单体主要依靠金属离子在正极极片和负极极片之间移动来工作。正极极片包括正极集流体和正极活性物质层，正极活性物质层涂覆于正极集流体的表面，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体凸出于已涂覆正极活性物质层的正极集流体，未涂敷正极活性物质层的正极集流体作为正极极耳。以 锂离子电池为例，正极集流体的材料可以为铝，正极活性物质可以为钴酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂或锰酸锂等。
负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性物质层，负极活性物质层涂覆于负极集流体的表面，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体凸出于已涂覆负极活性物质层的负极集流体，未涂敷负极活性物质层的负极集流体作为负极极耳。负极集流体的材料可以为铜，负极活性物质可以为碳或硅等。为了保证通过大电流而不发生熔断，正极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起，负极极耳的数量为多个且层叠在一起。
隔离膜的材质可以为PP(polypropylene，聚丙烯)或PE(polyethylene，聚乙烯)等。此外，电极组件可以是卷绕式结构，也可以是叠片式结构，本申请实施例并不限于此。
电池单体上可以设置电极端子等与极耳相连，作为电池单体的电连接部。并且，电池单体上可以具有泄压部，在电池单体内压过大(例如热失控)时，泄压部用于释放电池单体内部物质(例如气体、液体、颗粒物等)，以降低电池单体的内部压力，避免电池单体内部过快加压，而导致电池单体爆燃等危险事故。例如，泄压部可以为防爆阀、防爆片等等。
例如，一些相关技术中的用电装置，采用电池进行供电，电池包括箱体和电池单体，箱体包括上壳和下壳。电池单体通常粘胶固定在上壳或下壳上。在电池使用过程中电池单体会膨胀，导致电池单体使用后期容易过压导致浸润差。
为了解决电池单体过压导致浸润差的问题，在一些相关技术中对电池单体的结构进行改进，以降低电池单体使用过程中的膨胀。但是，该方式难度较高，且不利于电池单体的安全性。另外，在另一些相关技术中，通过增大初始状态的间隙来适应后期的电池单体膨胀。但是，该方式容易导致前期电池单体的极片之间褶皱和产生气泡导致析锂，电池单体过松导致界面差。
基于此，发明人经过深入研究，提出了一种电池1000，包括施压件20和至少一个电池组10。电池组10包括一层电池排11或者沿第一方向F1层叠布置的多层电池排11，电池排11包括一个电池单体12或者沿第二方向F2排布的多个电池单体12，第二方向F2与第一方向F1垂直。电池单体12的壳体121包括垂直于第一方向F1的第一表面124，第一表面124为壳体121的面积最大的表面。施压件20设于电池组10沿第一方向F1的至少一侧，施压件20与电池组10的第一表面124相抵，且施压件20沿第一方向F1的位置可调。
在上述这种结构的电池1000中，通过施压件20沿第一方向F1调节位置，使施压件 20可以根据电池1000的使用时长、电池单体12的膨胀状态等进行位置调节，以使施压件20在电池1000使用过程中始终保持对电池组10施加适宜的压力，使电池单体12不至于过压导致浸润差，不至于过松导致界面差，保证电池单体12的性能和使用寿命。
本申请实施例公开的电池1000可以用于、但不限用于车辆、船舶或飞行器等用电装置2000中，可以使具备本申请公开的电池1000等组成该用电装置2000的电源系统，以保证用电装置2000的性能和使用寿命。
例如，本申请实施例公开的用电装置2000可以是、但不限于是车辆、手机、平板、笔记本电脑、轮船、航天器、电动玩具和电动工具等等。车辆可以是燃油车辆、或燃气车辆、或新能源车辆、或轨道车辆，新能源车辆可以是纯电动车辆、混合动力车辆或增程式车辆等；航天器包括飞机、火箭、航天飞机和宇宙飞船等等；电动玩具包括固定式或移动式的电动玩具，例如，游戏机、电动车辆玩具、电动轮船玩具和电动飞机玩具等等；电动工具包括金属切削电动工具、研磨电动工具、装配电动工具和铁道用电动工具，例如，电钻、电动砂轮机、电动扳手、电动螺丝刀、电锤、冲击电钻、混凝土振动器和电刨等等。
下面，参考附图，描述根据本申请实施例的电池1000。
如图1-图5所示，电池1000包括：施压件20和至少一个电池组10。电池组10包括一层电池排11或者沿第一方向F1层叠布置的多层电池排11，电池排11包括一个电池单体12或者沿第二方向F2排布的多个电池单体12，第二方向F2与第一方向F1垂直。电池单体12的壳体121包括垂直于第一方向F1的第一表面124，第一表面124为壳体121的面积最大的表面。施压件20设于电池组10沿第一方向F1的至少一侧，施压件20与电池组10的第一表面124相抵，且施压件20沿第一方向F1的位置可调。
如图1和图5所示，电池组10包括一层电池排11或者沿第一方向F1层叠布置的多层电池排11，电池排11包括一个电池单体12或者沿第二方向F2排布的多个电池单体12。例如，电池组10可以仅包括一个电池单体12，该电池单体12形成一层电池排11，进而形成一个电池组10。再例如，电池组10包括一层电池排11，该电池排11包括沿第二方向F2排布的多个电池单体12。再例如，电池组10包括多层沿第一方向F1排布的电池排11，每层电池排11包括一个电池单体12。再例如，电池组10包括多层沿第一方向F1排布的电池排11，每层电池排11包括沿第二方向F2排布的多个电池单体12。
通过在第一方向F1和第二方向F2上调节电池排11的层数和电池单体12的个数，使电池组10能够满足不同电量和空间尺寸的需求。
如图1、图5和图6所示，电池单体12的壳体121包括垂直于第一方向F1的第一 表面124，第一表面124为壳体121的面积最大的表面。在一些实施例中，电池单体12的壳体121沿第一方向F1间隔开的两侧表面均为第一表面124，沿第二方向F2间隔开的两侧表面均为第二表面，沿第三方向F3间隔开的两侧表面均为第三表面，第一方向F1、第二方向F2和第三方向F3两两垂直。第一表面124的面积大于第二表面的面积，且第一表面124的面积大于第三表面的面积。由此，第一表面124形成为壳体121的面积最大的表面。需要说明的是，第二表面和第三表面的大小关系可以灵活设置，如第二表面的面积大于第三表面的面积，或者第三表面的面积大于第二表面的面积，这都在本申请的保护范围之内。
同时，如图1-图4所示，施压件20为能够向电池组10施加压力的部件。施压件20设于电池组10沿第一方向F1的至少一侧，施压件20与电池组10的第一表面124相抵。即，施压件20仅设于电池组10沿第一方向F1的第一侧或者第二侧，以与电池组10的电池单体12在第一侧裸露的第一表面124相抵，或者与电池组10的电池单体12在第二侧裸露的第一表面124相抵，进而向整个电池组10施加压力。或者，施压件20设于电池组10沿第一方向F1的第一侧和第二侧，以与电池组10的电池单体12在第一侧裸露的第一表面124相抵，并且与电池组10的电池单体12在第二侧裸露的第一表面124相抵，进而向整个电池组10施加压力。
通过施加压力可以避免电池组10的电池单体12内极片之间褶皱和产生气泡，避免导致界面析锂。
并且，施压件20沿第一方向F1的位置可调。即在初始状态下，电池组10设有施压件20的侧面预留有调节空间，施压件20设于调节空间内并沿第一方向F1在调节空间内可移动，以实现位置调节。
在电池1000使用过程中，电池单体12的性能和膨胀压力会随SOH(剩余电量百分比)变化，进而使电池单体12的尺寸发生变化，尤其是面积最大的第一表面124容易发生变化，例如电池单体12随着使用沿第一方向F1的尺寸会增大。
若施压件20的位置不可调，随着电池单体12沿第一方向F1的尺寸增大，施压件20对电池组10施加的压力会增大，电池单体12过压导致浸润差。而通过施压件20沿第一方向F1移动，可以使施压件20对电池组10施加的压力保持在合适的压紧力，例如保持在预设范围内。由此，避免电池组10中的电池单体12发生过压的情况。
此外，由于施压件20位置可调，使得电池1000初始状态下，即电池1000未使用或者使用初期，施压件20也可以对电池1000施加合适的压紧力，而无需预留较大间隙，避免出现施压件20对电池组10施加的压力过小，过松导致界面差的情况。
需要说明的是，施压件20沿第一方向F1的位置调节，可以自动调节也可以手动调节。例如，在一些实施例中，电池1000可以包括控制组件，控制组件根据电池单体12的膨胀力、SOH、性能等参数中的至少一个，自动调节施压件20的位置，以使施压件20对电池组10的压力维持在预设范围内。再例如，可以在对使用电池1000的用电装置2000进行定期保养，测试电池单体12的膨胀力、SOH、性能等参数中的至少一个，进而根据检测结果手动调节施压件20的位置，使得施压件20对电池组10的压力维持在预设范围内。由此，电池1000整个使用寿命过程中，施压件20均施加于电池组10一个合适的压紧力。
其中，在电池组10包括多层电池排11且施压件20仅设于第一侧或第二侧时，施压件20通过向直接接触的电池排11施压，并通过两层电池排11之间的相互作用，可以使施压件20间接向未直接接触的电池排11施压，从而使整个电池组10通过施压件20实现压紧。
并且，在施压件20设于第一侧和第二侧时，通过两侧同时向电池组10施压，可以使多层电池排11受力均匀，且施压件20位置调节时，可以在其中一侧进行调节，也可以在两侧同时进行调节，以提高位置调节的效果。
根据本申请实施例的电池1000，通过施压件20在第一方向F1上向电池组10的第一表面124施压压力，并且施压件20沿第一方向F1的位置可调，使电池组10整个使用寿命过程中，施压件20均能够向电池组10中的电池单体12施加合适的压紧力，避免电池组10中的电池单体12过压导致浸润差，也避免过松导致界面差。
需要说明的是，在本申请的实施例中，第一表面124的数量可以为一个，也可以为两个以上。
例如，在一些实施例中，电池单体12沿第一方向F1的一端表面为第一表面124。换言之，电池单体12仅具有一个面积最大的第一表面124，使用过程中沿第一方向F1膨胀较少，并且施压件20能够向该第一表面124施加压紧力，所需的施压件20位置调节行程更小，以使电池1000整体在第一方向F1上结构更紧凑。
再例如，电池单体12沿第一方向F1彼此相对的两个表面均为第一表面124。换言之，电池单体12有两个第一表面124，且施压件20向电池单体12可以对这两个第一表面124施加压紧力，以同时限制两个第一表面124的膨胀，从而通过更简单结构防止电池单体12过压或过松。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电池单体12沿第一方向F1的厚度为T，即电池单体12的两个第一表面124的间距为T。施压件20沿第一方向F1的可调节行程为H，1％≤T/H ≤10％。例如，在一些具体实施例中，T/H可以为1％、2％、4％、6％、8％、10％等。
T/H过大，会导致施压件20沿远离电池组10的方向调节到极限位置后，依然存在电池单体12的膨胀力过大、过压导致浸润差的风险，尤其对于电池排11层数较多的电池组10；T/H过小，会导致电池组10设有施压件20的侧面的预留空间过大，进而导致电池1000的体积过大。
在上述比例范围内，在保证电池组10整个使用寿命过程中的压紧力调节需求的前提下，避免预留空间过大，使电池1000的结构更紧凑，有利于减小电池1000体积。
优选地，T和H满足2％≤T/H≤5％，如2％、2.5％、3％、3.5％、4％、4.5％、5％等，减小电池1000体积、满足压紧力调节需求的效果更好。
例如，在一些实施例中，施压件20包括压板，压板设于电池组10沿第一方向F1的一侧，且压板的可调节行程为H。即施压件20仅由电池组10沿第一方向F1的其中一侧向电池组10施加压力，以使调节压力过程中操作简单。举例而言，压板可以设于电池组10的上侧，在调节压力过程中，可以由电池组10的上侧进行操作，避免电池组10对压力调节产生干涉。
再例如，在一些实施例中，如图1所示，施压件20包括第一压板21和第二压板22。第一压板21和第二压板22分别设于电池组10的两侧，且第一压板21和第二压板22的可调节行程之和为H。也就是说，第一压板21和第二压板22分别可以沿第一方向F1调节位置，并且调节过程中，可以根据需要选择调节第一压板21、调节第二压板22或者同时调节第一压板21和第二压板22，使调节更灵活。
在本申请的一些实施例中，施压件20沿第一方向F1的投影面积为S。至少一个电池组10沿第二方向F2位于最外侧的两侧面的间距为M，且沿第三方向F3位于最外侧的两侧面的间距为N，第一方向F1和第二方向F2均与第三方向F3垂直，100％≤S/(M*N)≤110％，例如100％、102％、104％、106％、108％、110％等。
如图5所示，至少一个电池组10沿第二方向F2位于最外侧的两侧面的间距为M，且沿第三方向F3位于最外侧的两侧面的间距为N。这里，“至少一个电池组10”是指电池1000所包括的全部电池组10。即，仅包括一个电池组10时，“至少一个电池组10”指该电池组10；包括多个电池组10时，“至少一个电池组10”指上述多个电池组10。
“沿第二方向F2位于最外侧的两侧面的间距为M，沿第三方向F3位于最外侧的两侧面的间距为N”，全部电池组10在第二方向F2上最外侧的两个侧面之间的间距为M，全部电池组10在第三方向F3上最外侧的两个侧面之间的间距为N。再换言之，全部电 池组10沿第一方向F1的投影落入虚拟方框内，虚拟方框沿投影的外周沿延伸，虚拟方框的相邻两边的尺寸为M和N。
如图1和图5所示，以电池1000包括两个电池组10为例，两个电池组10可以沿第三方向F3排布，每个电池组10包括沿第二方向F2排布的九个电池单体12。九个电池单体12中，位于第二方向F2两端的两个电池单体12的彼此相背表面的间距为M，其中，九个电池单体12可以紧密贴合也可以间隔开一定间隙。两个电池组10在第一方向F1上彼此相背表面的间距为N，其中两个电池排11之间可以紧密贴合也可以间隔开一定间隙。
M*N，即M与N的乘积，即上述虚拟方框所围设区域的面积。
S与M*N的比值在上述取值范围内，有利于使施压件20向电池1000的所有电池组10都能施加压紧力，以通过更简单的结构保证电池组10的性能。同时，避免施压件20的面积过大导致在第二方向F2和第三方向F3上占用空间过大，避免导致电池1000的体积过大。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图2所示，在第二方向F2上，施压件20的边缘超出至少一个电池组10的边缘的尺寸为L1。在第三方向F3上，施压件20的边缘超出至少一个电池组10的边缘的尺寸为L2。第一方向F1和第二方向F2均与第三方向F3垂直。3mm≤L1≤10mm，3mm≤L2≤10mm。
这里，“至少一个电池组10”是指电池1000所包括的全部电池组10。即，仅包括一个电池组10时，“至少一个电池组10”指该电池组10；包括多个电池组10时，“至少一个电池组10”指上述多个电池组10。
在第二方向F2上，施压件20的边缘超出至少一个电池组10的边缘的尺寸为L1。也就是说，全部电池组10沿第一方向F1的投影落入虚拟方框内，虚拟方框沿全部电池组10投影的外周沿延伸。施压件20沿第一方向F1的投影有部分未落入虚拟方框内，一些未落入的部分位于虚拟方向沿第二方向F2的侧面，这些未落入部分沿第二方向F2的尺寸为L1。
在第三方向F3上，施压件20的边缘超出至少一个电池组10的边缘的尺寸为L2。也就是说，施压件20沿第一方向F1的投影有部分未落入虚拟方框内，一些未落入的部分位于虚拟方框沿第三方向F3的侧面，这些未落入部分沿第三方向F3的尺寸为L2。
L1和L2满足：3mm≤L1≤10mm，3mm≤L2≤10mm。如L1可以为3mm、4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm、10mm等，L2可以为3mm、4mm、5mm、6mm、7mm、8mm、9mm、10mm等，L1与L2可以相等，也可以不相等。超出尺寸过小，会导致压 板安装精度要求高，容易出现错位导致压板无法向电池组10的整个区域均匀施压；超出尺寸过大会导致占用空间大，不利于电池1000的小型化。在上述尺寸范围内，有利于使施压件20向电池1000的所有电池组10都能施加压紧力，避免安装误差影响，同时避免施压件20的面积过大导致在第二方向F2和第三方向F3上占用空间过大，避免导致电池1000的体积过大。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1-图5所示，电池1000还包括箱体40和至少一个调节件30。电池组10和施压件20位于箱体40内。调节件30设于施压件20的背向电池组10的一侧，调节件30包括固定部31和移动部32。固定部31安装于箱体40，移动部32与施压件20相抵且沿第一方向F1可移动地安装于固定部31。
箱体40为电池组10的正常工作提供稳定空间。可选的，箱体40可以包括上壳体和下壳体，上壳体和下壳体配合限定出密封空间，电池组10和施压件20设于密封空间内；或者箱体40包括下壳体，施压件20盖封下壳体的顶部开口，使下壳体与施压件20限定出密封空间，电池组10位于密封空间内。
至少一个调节件30，即调节件30可以为一个，以简化结构，降低成本；调节件30也可以为多个，以使施压件20各区域受力均匀，提高驱动施压件20移动的稳定性。调节件30设于施压件20的背向电池组10的一侧，以使移动部32能够与施压件20背向电池组10的表面相抵。
如图2-图4所示，固定部31是指在调节压紧力的过程中，无需移动的部分，固定部31用于调节件30的安装，例如，固定部31可以安装于上壳体，或者安装于下壳体的底壁，或者安装于下壳体的侧壁。
移动部32是指在调节压紧力的过程中，需要移动的部分，移动部32用于与施压件20相抵，以随移动部32的移动调节移动部32与电池组10之间的间距，从而调节移动部32对施压件20的压力，进而调节施压件20对电池组10的压力。并通过移动部32移动，使施压件20位置调节更方便，并且施压件20的边缘外侧无需预留操作空间，有利于使结构更紧凑。
其中，固定部31与移动部32的具体结构和配合方式可以灵活设置。
在一些实施例中，如图2所示，固定部31与移动部32通过螺纹配合。例如移动部32可以为螺栓。通过拧动移动部32，可以使移动部32相对于固定部31沿第一方向F1移动，并且，通过控制拧动的圈数，可以精准控制移动的距离，进而精准控制压紧力调节的精度。
在一些实施例中，如图3所示，固定部31为电机，移动部32为伸缩杆。电机可以 驱动伸缩杆沿第一方向F1伸缩，从而实现压紧力的调节，电机驱动更灵敏、精准，且便于实现自动调节。
在一些实施例中，如图4所示，固定部31具有气压腔33，气压腔33内的气压可调。移动部32伸入气压腔33内且在气压的驱动下移动。例如，气压腔33内的气压增大时，可以驱动移动件向靠近施压件20的方向移动，从而增大施压件20对电池组10的压紧力；气压腔33内的气压减小时，可以驱动移动件向远离施压件20的方向移动，从而减小施压件20对电池组10的压紧力。例如气压腔33内的气压可以通过泵体调节。气压调节的方式，使移动部32的位置可以实现连续调节，进而提高压紧力调节的精度。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图1所示，调节件30为多个，多个调节件30沿施压件20的周向间隔分布且与施压件20的边沿配合。以使多个调节件30从多个点位对施压件20进行相抵限位，每个调节件30的体积可以相对较小，以使调节更容易；并且使施压件20各处受力均匀，进而对电池组10的多个电池单体12施力均匀。
在一些具体实施例中，如图1所示，施压件20包括第一压板21和第二压板22，第一压板21和第二压板22均为方形且分别设于电池组10的上侧和下侧。第一压板21的上侧设有四个调节件30，分别与第一压板21的四个角部相抵；第二压板22的下侧设有四个调节件30，分别与第二压板22的四个角度相抵。当然，也可以省去第二压板22，直接将电池组10支撑于下壳体的底壁上，对应的调节件30仅需设置与第一压板21相配合的四个。
在本申请的一些实施例中，如图1所示，电池1000还包括支撑结构50。支撑结构50设于相邻两层电池排11之间，并与电池排11配合。
支撑结构50能够将相邻两层电池排11进行分隔和支撑，从而提高电池组10的整体结构强度，提高稳定性。并且，支撑结构50可以为支撑板、支撑柱等任意结构。在支撑结构50为支撑板的实施例中，支撑板对电池组10的多个电池单体12均能起到良好的支撑限位作用，并且支撑板为隔热材料的情况下还可以起到一定隔热作用，避免热失控时喷发的热量快速扩散至相邻电池排11，提高了电池1000安全性。
在一些实施例中，支撑结构50沿第一方向F1的厚度为1mm～8mm。支撑结构50的厚度过小，会导致支撑结构50自身结构强度弱，提高电池组10整体结构强度的效果不明显。支撑结构50的厚度过大，会导致过度占用空间，不利于减小电池1000体积和成本。在上述尺寸范围内，在保证结构强度需求的前提下，使电池组10的结构更紧凑，有利于减小电池1000体积。
在一些实施例中，支撑结构50与电池排11相连。例如可以通过粘胶层(结构胶)、 焊接、紧固件连接等方式相连。以进一步提高支撑结构50对电池排11结构强度的提高效果。在一些具体实施例汇总，电池排11包括多个电池单体12，支撑结构50可以与多个电池单体12均相连，从而将多个电池单体12连接成一个整体，以进一步提高电池排11刚度。
在一些实施例中，支撑结构50具有隔热层、缓冲部和换热通道中的至少一个。
隔热层，即有隔热材料制成的材料层，导热系数较低，能够起到隔热作用。通过设置隔热层，可以进一步提高防止热量扩散的效果，避免热失控连锁反应的效果更好。
换热通道，内部用于容纳换热介质，换热介质可以为液体(如水、水和乙二醇的混合液等)、气体(如空气等)或固液相变材料等。支撑结构50与相邻电池单体12之间导热连接，例如可以为直接接触连接，或者可以设置导热垫、导热胶等，以增强导热性能。具有换热通道的支撑结构50可以调节电池单体12的温度，可以为对电池单体12进行冷却散热，也可以为对电池单体12进行加热升温，这都在本申请的保护范围之内，下面以对电池单体12进行散热为例描述本实施例，根据以下描述，对电池单体12进行加热升温的工作过程是可以理解的。电池单体12工作过程中产生的热量可以传导至支撑结构50，再通过换热通道内的换热介质传导出去，以实现对电池单体12的散热。
缓冲部，指能够起到缓冲作用的结构。例如，缓冲部可以通过变形起到缓冲作用，以在发生撞击时降低电池单体12所受的损伤，例如在第一方向F1发生撞击时电池单体12挤压缓冲部以降低电池单体12所受冲击力。此外，在电池单体12使用过程中膨胀力变化时，也可以向缓冲部施加压力，缓冲部变形从而调节对电池单体12的压紧力，以使电池单体12不至于过压。
例如，缓冲部可以包括缓冲材料层；和/或，缓冲部可以包括设于支撑结构50的中空腔。
其中，缓冲材料层可以为贴设于支撑结构50表面的材料层，如由橡胶、硅胶等弹性材料制成。在受到挤压力时，缓冲材料层可以变形，以起到缓冲作用。
缓冲部可以包括设于支撑结构50的中空腔，使支撑结构50在受到挤压时可以变形，使中空腔的容积减小，从而实现缓冲作用。例如，中空腔可以为面积较大的一体腔，或者可以包括多个彼此分隔的小腔，形成类似蜂窝状，这都在本申请的保护范围之内。
由此，支撑结构50与隔热层、缓冲部和换热通道中的至少一个集成为一体设计，功能更多样化。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图5所示，电池组10可以为多个，多个电池组10沿第三方向F3排布，第一方向F1和第二方向F2均与第三方向F3垂直。由此，可以通过 调节电池组10的数量、电池组10所包括电池排11的数量、以及电池排11所包括电池单体12的数量，来调节电池1000在三维空间的尺寸，从而满足不同安装空间和不同电量的需求。
在一些实施例中，施压件20与多个电池组10的第一表面124相抵。也就是说，多个电池组10通过同一个施压件20进行压紧力调节，一方面可以减少施压件20的数量，简化结构；另一方面可以使多个电池组10的压紧力调节一致性高，提高电池1000的整体性能。
根据本申请的一些实施例，如图5所示，电池1000还包括加强结构60。加强结构60沿第二方向F2延伸，且加强结构60设于相邻两个电池组10之间并与电池组10配合。
加强结构60能够起到结构加强作用，并对相邻的两个电池组10进行支撑限位，从而提高整个电池1000的结构强度。例如相邻两个电池组10可以均与加强结构60相连，以进一步提高结构强度。例如，加强结构60可以为加强板、梁体等结构。
在一些实施例中，加强结构60可以具有隔热层、缓冲部和换热通道中的至少一个。其中，隔热层、缓冲部和换热通道的具体结构，与支撑结构50的隔热层、缓冲部和换热通道的结构类似，这里不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，电池单体12朝向加强结构60的表面设有泄压部123。
在电池单体12内压过大(例如热失控)时，泄压部123用于释放电池单体12内部物质(例如气体、液体、颗粒物等)，以降低电池单体12的内部压力，避免电池单体12内部过快加压，而导致电池单体12爆燃等危险事故。例如，泄压部123可以为防爆阀、防爆片等等。
通过泄压部123设于朝向加强结构60的表面，使释放的高温物质喷向加强结构60，而不会直接喷向同一电池组10内相邻的电池单体12或者相邻电池组10的电池单体12，避免直接喷向电池单体12的电连接部122，从而防止造成绝缘失效、高压打火、引发起火爆炸等问题。
在一些实施例中，加强结构60设有与泄压部123相对的阻燃部。阻燃部为能够起到阻燃作用的结构，例如可以由阻燃材料、隔热材料制成。当发生热失控泄压部123喷发高温物质时，阻燃部可以快速进行阻燃，避免热扩散。例如，阻燃部材质可以为水泥、钢材、玻璃等。
在一些实施例中，加强结构60设有朝向泄压部123的凹部。通过设置凹部，使加强结构60与泄压部123之间能够间隔开一定间隙，避免泄压部123被加强结构60阻挡而 在热失控时无法将电池单体12内部的物质及时喷发出去，避免电池单体12内部压力过大导致发生燃爆等危险事故。例如，凹部可以为设于加强结构60的凹槽，或者可以为设于加强结构60的通孔，加强结构60内还可以设有与通孔连通的排气通道，以避免泄压部123排出的高温物质进入电池组10所在腔室，进一步提高了安全性。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电池单体12的壳体121设有泄压部123，壳体121设有泄压部123的侧壁壁厚为0.8mm～3mm，例如可以为0.8mm、1mm、1.2mm、1.5mm、2mm、2.5mm、3mm等。壳体121的侧壁壁厚过大，会导致成本高、泄压不及时；壳体121的侧壁壁厚过小，会导致侧壁容易变形，壳体121结构和泄压部123安装结构不稳定。在上述壁厚范围内，使壳体121与泄压部123的结构稳定，安装稳定，泄压部123一致性好，且兼顾泄压及时性和低成本，避免发生燃爆。
优选地，壳体121设有泄压部123的侧壁壁厚为1.5mm～2mm，例如可以为1.5mm、1.6mm、1.7mm、1.8mm、1.9mm、2mm等，以进一步提高结构稳定性和泄压效果。
在壳体121设有泄压部123的实施例中，泄压部123的具体结构可以灵活设置。
在一些实施例中，泄压部123为设于壳体121的减薄区域。减薄区域可以通过对壳体121进行减薄处理得到，例如可以通过刻痕将泄压部123直接设计在壳体121上，有利于简化结构。在电池单体12内部压力增大时，减薄区域由于厚度较薄，强度相对较低，先于壳体121的其他区域破裂，以使内部高温气体能够按照所需路径排出，实现泄压。
在另一些实施例中，泄压部123为安装于壳体121侧壁的泄压阀。换言之，泄压部123与壳体121为连接在一起的分体件，使泄压部123加工更容易，且泄压效果更易于控制。例如泄压阀与壳体121侧壁可以焊接相连。
根据本申请的一些实施例，电池单体12的壳体121设有泄压部123和电连接部122，泄压部123和电连接部122设于壳体121的不同侧。
泄压部123与电连接部122设于电池单体12的壳体121的不同侧。有利于保证电池单体12的电连接部122和泄压部123之间具有较大的间距，以有效避免在热失控等情况下，电池单体12通过自身泄压部123排放的排放物中的导电颗粒等流至自身电连接部122造成绝缘失效、高压打火、引发起火爆炸等问题。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，电连接部122和泄压部123分别设于电池单体12彼此相背的两侧表面。由此，可以进一步拉远电连接部122与泄压部123之间的距离，可以更好地保证电连接部122免受泄压部123排出的排放物的影响，即受影响概率更小，电池1000的使用安全性和可靠性更好。
并且，如图1和图5所示，在包括多个电池组10和加强结构60的实施例中，电连接部122和泄压部123可以设于电池单体12沿第三方向F3间隔开的两侧表面，以使泄压部123与加强结构60相对，而电连接部122设于背向加强结构60的表面，便于多个电池单体12、多个电池排11之间的电连接，且各电池单体12的泄压部123均不朝向本电池排11中的任一电连接部122喷发，也不朝向同电池组10、相邻电池排11中的任一电连接部122喷发，还不朝向相邻电池组10的任一电连接部122喷发，从而可以有效保证各电池单体12的电连接部122免受其他电池单体12排出的排放物的影响，保证了电池1000的使用安全性和可靠性。
在一些具体实施例中，如图6所示，壳体121包括外壳、第一盖体和第二盖体。第一盖体和第二盖体分别盖设于外壳的端部，第一盖体设有电连接部122，第二盖体设有泄压部123。也就是说，外壳为包括四个侧壁的结构，第一盖体和第二盖体分别盖封外壳敞开的两个侧面，以使壳体121形成为封闭结构。
在生产过程，第一盖体与第二盖体均与外壳为分体件；可以先将电连接部122安装于第一盖体，将泄压部123安装于第二盖体；再将第一盖体与外壳相连，第二盖体与外壳相连，如焊接相连。由此，安装电连接部122和泄压部123的过程中，不受外壳的干涉，使安装操作更容易。
根据本申请第二方面实施例的用电装置2000，包括根据本申请上述第一方面实施例的电池1000，电池1000用于为用电装置2000提供电能。由此，通过采用上述的电池1000，有利于提升用电装置2000的使用安全性和可靠性。
可选地，如图7所示，当电池1000用于车辆时，电池1000可以设置在车辆的底部、或头部、或尾部。电池1000可以用于车辆的供电，例如，电池1000可以作为车辆的操作电源。车辆还可以包括控制器和马达，控制器用来控制电池1000为马达供电，例如，用于车辆的启动、导航和行驶时的工作用电需求。
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。
以上仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种电池(1000)，其中，包括：
    至少一个电池组(10)，所述电池组(10)包括一层电池排(11)或者沿第一方向(F1)层叠布置的多层所述电池排(11)，所述电池排(11)包括一个电池单体(12)或者沿第二方向(F2)排布的多个所述电池单体(12)，所述第二方向(F2)与所述第一方向(F1)垂直，所述电池单体(12)的壳体(121)包括垂直于所述第一方向(F1)的第一表面(124)，所述第一表面(124)为所述壳体(121)的面积最大的表面；
    施压件(20)，所述施压件(20)设于所述电池组(10)沿所述第一方向(F1)的至少一侧，所述施压件(20)与所述电池组(10)的所述第一表面(124)相抵，且所述施压件(20)沿所述第一方向(F1)的位置可调。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述电池单体(12)沿所述第一方向(F1)的一端表面为所述第一表面(124)；或者，所述电池单体(12)沿所述第一方向(F1)彼此相对的两个表面均为所述第一表面(124)。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述电池单体(12)沿所述第一方向(F1)的厚度为T，所述施压件(20)沿所述第一方向(F1)的可调节行程为H，1％≤T/H≤10％。
  4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，
    所述施压件(20)包括压板，所述压板设于所述电池组(10)沿所述第一方向(F1)的一侧，且所述压板的可调节行程为H；或者，
    所述施压件(20)包括第一压板(21)和第二压板(22)，所述第一压板(21)和所述第二压板(22)分别设于所述电池组(10)的两侧，且所述第一压板(21)和所述第二压板(22)的可调节行程之和为H。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述施压件(20)沿所述第一方向(F1)的投影面积为S，所述至少一个电池组(10)沿所述第二方向(F2)位于最外侧的两侧面的间距为M，且沿第三方向(F3)位于最外侧的两侧面的间距为N，所述第一方向(F1)和所述第二方向(F2)均与所述第三方向(F3)垂直，100％≤S/(M*N)≤110％。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，在所述第二方向(F2)上，所述施压件(20)的边缘超出所述至少一个电池组(10)的边缘的尺寸为L1，在第三 方向(F3)上，所述施压件(20)的边缘超出所述至少一个电池组(10)的边缘的尺寸为L2，所述第一方向(F1)和所述第二方向(F2)均与所述第三方向(F3)垂直，3mm≤L1≤10mm，3mm≤L2≤10mm。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，还包括：
    箱体(40)，所述电池组(10)和所述施压件(20)位于所述箱体(40)内；
    至少一个调节件(30)，所述调节件(30)设于所述施压件(20)的背向所述电池组(10)的一侧，所述调节件(30)包括固定部(31)和移动部(32)，所述固定部(31)安装于所述箱体(40)，所述移动部(32)与所述施压件(20)相抵且沿所述第一方向(F1)可移动地安装于所述固定部(31)。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电池(1000)，其中，
    所述固定部(31)与所述移动部(32)通过螺纹配合；或者，
    所述固定部(31)为电机，所述移动部(32)为伸缩杆；或者，
    所述固定部(31)具有气压腔，所述气压腔内的气压可调，所述移动部(32)伸入所述气压腔内且在气压的驱动下移动。
  9. 如权利要求7或8所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述调节件(30)为多个，多个所述调节件(30)沿所述施压件(20)的周向间隔分布且与所述施压件(20)的边沿配合。
  10. 如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，还包括：
    支撑结构(50)，所述支撑结构(50)设于相邻两层所述电池排(11)之间，并与所述电池排(11)配合。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述支撑结构(50)沿所述第一方向(F1)的厚度为1mm～8mm。
  12. 如权利要求10或11所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述支撑结构(50)与所述电池排(11)相连。
  13. 如权利要求10-12中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述支撑结构(50)具有隔热层、缓冲部和换热通道中的至少一个。
  14. 如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述电池组(10)为多个，多个所述电池组(10)沿第三方向(F3)排布，所述第一方向(F1)和所述第二方向(F2)均与所述第三方向(F3)垂直。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述施压件(20)与多个所述电池组(10)的所述第一表面(124)相抵。
  16. 如权利要求14或15所述的电池(1000)，其中，还包括：
    加强结构(60)，所述加强结构(60)沿所述第二方向(F2)延伸，且设于相邻两个所述电池组(10)之间并与所述电池组(10)配合。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述电池单体(12)朝向所述加强结构(60)的表面设有泄压部(123)。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述加强结构(60)设有与所述泄压部(123)相对的阻燃部。
  19. 如权利要求17或18所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述加强结构(60)设有朝向所述泄压部(123)的凹部。
  20. 如权利要求1-19中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述壳体(121)设有泄压部(123)，所述壳体(121)设有所述泄压部(123)的侧壁壁厚为0.8mm～3mm。
  21. 如权利要求1-20中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述壳体(121)设有泄压部(123)，
    所述泄压部(123)为设于所述壳体(121)的减薄区域，或者，所述泄压部(123)为安装于所述壳体(121)侧壁的泄压阀。
  22. 如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述电池单体(12)的所述壳体(121)设有泄压部(123)和电连接部(122)，所述泄压部(123)和所述电连接部(122)设于所述壳体(121)的不同侧。
  23. 如权利要求1-22中任一项所述的电池(1000)，其中，所述壳体(121)包括外壳、第一盖体和第二盖体，所述第一盖体和所述第二盖体分别盖设于所述外壳的端部，所述第一盖体设有电连接部(122)，所述第二盖体设有泄压部(123)。
  24. 一种用电装置(2000)，其中，包括如权利要求1-23中任一项所述的电池(1000)，所述电池(1000)用于为所述用电装置(2000)提供电能。
PCT/CN2022/127966 2022-10-27 2022-10-27 电池及用电装置 Ceased WO2024087101A1 (zh)

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